The context of this work explores black female iconography from the African Diaspora including Oshun, Xica da Silva, and the Deusa de Ebano. These representations of black female dancing bodies are integrated into images of nationalist expressions in Brazil, Cuba and Nigeria. Oshun, the Yoruba deity from Nigeria and Benin represents ultimate femininity from the African perspective. Xica da Silva was an Afro-Brazilian slave who became the richest woman in Minas Gerais through her romantic union with Joao Fernandez. The Deusa de Ebano, or ebony goddess, becomes the symbol of blocos afros during the yearly celebration of Carnaval in Salvador, Brazil.


Segmentation is a key stylistic indicator of Ci poetry,while its double tune is one major form.Focusing on the musical performance system in the Tang and Five Dynasties,this paper explores the connection between musical forms and Ci structures,and reveals the musicological origin of Ci's evolution and the hinge of structural transformation from music to literature in order to prove that the double tune is generated from the singing in an antiphonal style.


Abstract : The dental service resources of the United States Army Reserve are examined in their concepts and the reality of their management, organization, utilization, and communications, as perceived by the writer. Data was gathered from a variety of sources and from personal experiences. This paper tries to give an overview of the USAR with specific emphasis on its Dental Corps aspects and attempts to examine what is believed to be two major problem areas: command and control, and unit structure.


Activation of the baroreflex elicits parasympathetic overactivity combined with sympathetic inhibition. The effect of electrical stimulation (ES) of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) on the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses elicited by LPS (1.5 mg/kg iv) was examined in conscious rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) SALINE (n=6); 2) ES+SALINE (n=5); 3) LPS (n=7); 4) ES+LPS (n=5). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia the subjects were implanted with a pair of electrodes around the ADN and catheters into the femoral artery and jugular vein. On the next day, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. ES (0.5mA; 0.25ms; 15Hz) was performed during 60 min after saline or LPS administration. Plasma was collected 1, 2 and 3h after saline or LPS administration, while the spleen and hypothalamus were collected after 3h to quantify interleukin (IL10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). ES in the SALINE group promoted a prompt (5s) fall in MAP (-16± 5 mmHg) and HR (-39±12 bpm) followed by complete recovery of the MAP (7± 3 mmHg) and partial recovery of the HR (-8 ± 10 bpm) after 1h. In the LPS group ES promoted a prompt (5s) fall in MAP (-19± 6 mmHg) and HR (-40± 15 bpm) followed by complete recovery of the MAP (1 ± 3 mmHg) combined with significant tachycardia (30± 14bpm). Plasma TNFα increased 1h after LPS (400±78 vs 11±4 pg/μL from SALINE) followed by a decrease 2h (80±14 pg/μL) and 3h (34,4±5 pg/μL). After LPS the ES augmented IL-10 in the spleen (344±37 vs. 518± 79 pg/μL from ES+LPS) and decreased in the hypothalamus (73±8 vs 57±5 pg/μL from ES+LPS); while after saline ES increased IL-10 in the spleen (63±18 vs 314±99 pg/μL from ES+SALINE) but did not change in the hypothalamus (84±10 vs 97±17 pg/μL from ES+SALINE). After LPS administration ES did not change TNFα in the spleen (428±50 vs 450±98 pg/μL from ES+LPS) and hypothalamus (48±4 vs 38±5 pg/μL from ES+LPS); likewise in the spleen (285±38 vs 286±83 pg/μL from ES+SALINE) and hypothalamus (51,7±6 vs 54±8 pg/μL from ES+SALINE) after saline administration. These findings indicate that electrical activation of the baroreflex in conscious rats was capable to modulate the inflammatory response, promoting an increase of anti-inflammatory mediators in the LPS model of inflammation.


Integration of distributed generation in power system challenges operation and management of power distribution network. This paper presents Modified Bat Algorithm for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (OPRF) of distributed generation for voltage support in distribution network. An objective function with constraints of voltage, DG reactive power, thermal limits of lines is presented. A modified IEEE 37 node test feeder with variable generation was used to validate the proposed algorithm. A co-simulation setup was used in which electric grid was developed in Power system tool (DigSILENT PowerFactory) and Modified Bat Algorithm was developed in Python. Results showed that Modified Bat Algorithm is quite effective for voltage profile improvement and loss minimization.


Performing in ancient Greek theaters in modern Greece is an activity which often finds itself embroiled in the cultural politics surrounding a classical heritage which is conceptualized as venerable, unbroken, and exclusive. The first ever instance of a non-Greek production of a Greek play at the ancient theater of Epidaurus was the British Royal National Theatre's Oresteia directed by Peter Hall in 1982. (1) Despite Hall's adherence to key conventions of classical theater, such as an all-male cast and the use of masks, the admission of a non-Greek group to the theater of Epidaurus did not go uncontested. Yannis Varveris, a well-known critic, maintained: I do not think that this generosity is to our own cultural benefit, especially when it comes to Epidaurus. We are--as Rondiris has at least proved--capable of articulating our heritage better than anyone. A place of such sanctification like this koilon [the spectators' area in ancient amphitheaters] could be reserved for the whatsoever most legitimate interpretation of ancient drama and not yielded as an arena for international theater acrobatics, especially if the genre itself is not amenable to them. It is a matter of category. The tragic word is not just one page in theater repertory. It is morally and aesthetically adamant, most of all because it is sacredly ontological. Epidaurus is its natural manger. On the contrary, the foreign director, having not the affinity of language and the umbilical cord--of both language and place--with the source deigns well-intentioned experimentations which are perhaps irreverent. (2) This passage encapsulates the most cherished Greek views about ancient drama: uniqueness, legitimate interpretations, and the authenticity of a highly acclaimed tradition established by past Greek directors (Dimitris Rondiris, 1899-1981). It is telling that the theatrical space is discussed in a language pregnant with religious allusions (sanctification, manger) which, in turn, generates the view of a "sacredly ontological" text. Most notably, performing in Epidaurus, in the critic's view, presupposes a biological relationship with the place and the language (umbilical cord, source) which naturalizes the idea of Greek continuity from antiquity down to the present day. The view of the theater of Epidaurus as a sacred place continues to come up in disputes over stagings of Greek drama by, most characteristically, non-Greek directors. In the 2009 production of Dimiter Gotscheff's Persians, for example, the audience was exasperated every time the actors set foot on the ancient thymele, the altar of the god Dionysus, which is not meant to be stepped over according to a well-established Greek theater custom. (3) The spectators responded in indignation against the supposed act of desecration with hisses, loud jeers, and massive walk-outs which nearly interrupted the performance. The sacralization of the ancient theater of Epidaurus within modern Greek culture requires serious scrutiny in relation to the Greek claim of an exclusive authority over classical antiquity and the sense of cultural preeminence. However, the idea of sacred ancient ruins was not unknown to the nineteenth-century European imagination. The foundation of Greek state itself in the mid-nineteenth century triggered the Romantic Hellenism of European travelers, by providing the actual place where they could connect to the classical past through the ruins of antiquity. (4) In this spirit, leading theater figures of that time sought the very origin of the theatrical art in the ancient theater of Dionysus on the slopes of the Acropolis. When great Italian tragic actresses toured to Athens, their visits to the ancient monuments was filled with a sense of worship. Adelaide Ristori marveled at the theater of Dionysus in 1865, (5) while it is submitted that Eleonora Duse went on a pilgrimage there on the evening before her Athenian performance in 1899. …


ABSTRACT The formal demarcation of what is today the Burma-China border began following the British conquest of Upper Burma from the Konbaung dynasty in 1885 and the signing of international agreements with the Qing Empire (1886, 1894, 1897), the process only completed in the 1960s. Around the turn of the century and into the twentieth, therefore, the highlands between British Burma and Qing (later Republican) China remained a contested 'borderland'; specifically, one over which successive lowland states had never been able to exert direct control – a space James C. Scott and others have named 'Zomia' – but toward which they had been expanding by the mid-nineteenth century (if not earlier). This article looks not at the ways in which Zomia's inhabitants contested this expanding state authority, which has been the focus of most work on this space, but how the British pressed their territorial claims over part of this contested borderland vis-à-vis the Chinese. Salt was a monopoly of both the Government of India (of which Burma was a province until 1935) and the Qing and Republican states. Smuggling – trade, to British eyes – salt from Burma into China thus undermined Chinese sovereignty qua the expression of the latter's monopoly powers. Complaints about smuggling were met with 'masterly inactivity', not only because the colonial administration was weak in Upper Burma and along the frontier, but also because it meant the British imperial state could permit the expansion of 'legitimate' trade and thereby contest Chinese sovereignty qua its territorial claims over the borderland. In contrast to other works positing that smuggling over defined borders undermined state power, this article shows how a permissive attitude to complaints about smuggling undergirded British sovereignty and was very much part of the making of the border.


Rectangular-shaped oxygen O2+ ion beam thinning for scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) sample preparation was investigated using a projection ion beam optical system equipped with a duoplasmatron gas ion source. The ion current can be increased by increasing the area of the rectangular-shaped oxygen ion beam and thereby overcome the low brightness of the ion source. Rectangular-shaped O2+ ion beams with different amounts of projection beam edge blur were formed in the X and Y directions by using a limiting mask between the ion source and projection mask. Gallium-contamination-free STEM sample preparation (rough, medium, and fine milling) was demonstrated using a projection ion beam optical system and three types of rectangular-shaped oxygen ion beams.


The paper presents a methodology of multifunctional biopolymeric (chitosan, polylactic acid) scaffolds preparation for use in bone tissue engineering. Biopolymeric scaffolds with hydroxyapatite were prepared by three methods: electrolytic, freezedrying, and salt leaching. Their morphological properties, using optical and electron microscope were studied. Controlled release kinetics of collagen was also investigated. Collagen has nutritional function for cells and improves their adhesion on the scaffold surface. Kinetics of controlled release was described by first order function and two-stage Corrigan-Gallagher model. The possibilities of surface modification of scaffolds produced by electrolitic method with nanosilver were presented.


The consequences of microreversibility for the linear and nonlinear transport properties of systems subjected to external magnetic fields are systematically investigated in Aharonov-Bohm rings connected to two, three, and four terminals. Within the independent electron approximation, the cumulant generating function, which fully specifies the statistics of the nonequilibrium currents, is expressed in terms of the scattering matrix of these circuits. The time-reversal symmetry relations up to the third responses of the currents and the fourth cumulants are analytically investigated and numerically tested as a function of the magnetic flux. The validity of such relations is thus firmly confirmed in this class of open quantum systems.


The purpose of the present essay is to illuminate to which extent figurations of victims in cases of intimate partner homicide is conditional upon the sexes of these individuals. Furthermore, the a ...


In nature, substances mostly occur in complex matrices. For methods in analytical measurement it is important to reach a high selectivity to get the correct qualitative and quantitative results for the substances in these mixtures. Therefor the general concept of the pre-, intra- and post-sensorial selectivity is suitable. The different analytical methods of the pre- and intra-sensorial steps are used to reach the required selectivity. Since automation gain growing importance in modern laboratories the data output is increased massively. With a manual data evaluation as a post-sensorial step it is not possible to overcome this high amount of data. Modern laboratories are mostly electronic and paperless, so databases and intelligent software can be used to interpret the received data from the analytical devices. This paper shows the necessity of the combination of different methods of the pre- and intra-sensorial steps or their results to obtain a higher selectivity. Also the developed system concept for the automated combination of the results of elemental and structural analysis with the help of a learning knowledgebase to identify the contained analytes inside a complex matrix is presented. Therefor the existing infrastructure of the software Project ADE is used.


This paper introduces a programmable logic controller and frequency converter in the central air-conditioning energy saving system in new applications, based on the water cooling, cooling, air conditioning cooling tower fan system intelligent transformation, realize the conversion of energy, as the basic ideas and goals, through the optimization of the traditional fuzzy PID technology. The refrigeration system, the new system in adjusting parameters and frequency temperature more convenient, and analyzes the significance and value of the new system in the practical application through specific case.


This study aimed to check the erythrocyte and nucleus sizes of six species of reptiles, one species of Agamidae (Laudakia stellio), one species of Testudinidae (Testudo graeca), one species of Chamaeleonidae (Chamaeleo chamaeleon recticrista), and three species of Lacertidae (Ophisops elegans, Lacerta media, Phoenicolacerta laevis) from Coastal region in Syria using blood smears stained with Wright's stain. The longest, widest and largest erythrocytes and the widest nuclei were found in T. graeca. The shortest and narrowest erythrocytes and nuclei were found in O. elegans. The longest, largest nuclei were found in C. chameleon. The shortest and narrowest nuclei were found in P. laevis.


Given a countable Borel equivalence relation E on a Polish space, letIE denote the -ideal generated by the Borel partial transversals of E. We show that there is a Borel homomorphism fromIE toIF if and only if there is a smooth-to-one Borel homomorphism from a nite index Borel subequivalence relation of E to F . As a corollary, we see that IE is homogeneous in the sense of Zapletal (2007, Forcing Idealized, Preprint) if and only if E is hypernite. Using this, we prove that all 1 sets and 1 quasi-orders are Borel on Borel reducible to the quasi-order of Borel homomorphism on the class of inhomogeneous 1 on 1 -ideals.


With people living longer and medical knowledge increasing, illnesses that were once fatal are now becoming chronic. Nevertheless, the psychological consequences of living with a life-threatening illness are often misinterpreted or ignored by healthcare professionals who share a technical focus. Recognizing and treating the traumatic aspects of a life-threatening illness on the mind as well as the body can be a crucial step in assisting clinicians to facilitate a more positive treatment outcome. Essential to the integration of trauma are the personalities of the victims and the strength of their unconscious guilt, as well as the total psychosocial situation surrounding the trauma. This paper will use an illustration of a patient with renal failure whose depression, anxiety, and guilt were disguised due to unconscious factors. When these difficulties were addressed, underlying thoughts of guilt and other feelings gradually emerged and were handled within the context of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Also described is how the patient's character traits had served as obstacles to obtaining a kidney transplant until they were expressed and understood in treatment.


This paper reviewed the present container seedlings' production at home and abroad on the aspects of nursery containers,propagation matrix and cultivate technology and other relevant aspects as well.On seedling containers,it was reviewed mainly from the types of containers,and the shape of containers in areas such as specifications.About nursery matrix it was discussed from different matrix ratio on the impact of quality seedlings.Concerning the cultural technology of container seedlings,the nursery cultivation technology methods,root cutting technology,hardening,fertility management,chemical control technology,and photoperiod control to the quality of the seedlings were reviewed.


For design, optimization, and process-engineering applications of mold-cooling computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology, it is important that the software is sensitive to changes in cooling channel design for different materials and process conditions. In the present work, an attempt has been made to perform a detailed and rigorous verification to check for these design sensitivities from the CAE analysis. For four design and polymer material combinations, both molding and simulation trials were performed. C-COOL™ v. 3.0 mold cooling simulation software was used for the simulation trials. For each of these trials, measurements were taken for part planar-surface temperature distributions using infrared thermography, and for mold-wall temperatures at specific locations in the cavity using thermocouples. These experimental data have been compared with the predicted values and a favorable agreement has been observed for sensitivities most critical for design purposes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Isoflavonoids possess broad activities besides cardiovascular activity.3 phenyl 4(1H)quinolinone derivatives are isosteres of isoflavonoids.They have similar spatial structures.Eight 3 phenyl 4(1H)quinolinone halide derivatives were synthesised for studying their biological activities especially cardiovascular activity.Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR,MS and IR.The preliminary tests with isolated heart of rabbits indicated that both mixtures,A 1B 1,A 2B 2,had more positive inotropic effect than vesnarinone which appeared on the market in Japanese.The results of the pharmacological tests showed that the two mixtures did not affect the blood pressure and respiration of the dogs.


ANKRA2 (ankyrin repeat, family A [RFXANK-like] 2) is a novel protein named for its ankyrin repeats and significant homology (51% aa identity) to RFXANK, a gene linked to bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), an MHC class II immunodeficiency (Masternak et al., 1998, Nagarajan et al., 1999). Since all the genes responsible for BLS have been identified, ANKRA2 can be anticipated to have an independent function. ANKRA2 interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of megalin, an endocytic receptor (Farquhar et al., 1995), and may play a role in megalin's functions (Rader et al., 2000). In this report, we show that ANKRA2 is localized to human chromosome 5q12→q13 and not linked to RFXANK which maps to human chromosome 19p12.


A new closed two-phase loop that combines with a large area spray cooling unit for the cooling of high heat-flux power sources is developed. The fluid circulation is sustained by a magnetic gear pump operating with an ejector unit. The motive flow of the ejector shares the pumping liquid flow with the multinozzle spray. With the assistance of the ejector, the maximum spray pressure drop across the nozzle can be enhanced by at least 0.56 bar at critical heat fluxes (CHF). This increases CHF of the spray cooling by up to 16%. More importantly, the use of the ejector prevents the uncondensed vapor from entering the magnetic gear pump and stabilizes the circulation of the two-phase flow. During the experiment, a multinozzle assembly with 48 miniature nozzles is employed. The target spray cooling area is 19.3 cm 2 . FC-72 and water are used as the working fluid. The present design concept can be applied to cooling systems operating in the aerospace environment.


Background: SARS-CoV entry into target cells is a unique and complex process. Results: Cell entry mediated by SARS-CoV S was strongly inhibited after knockdown of PI4KB. Conclusion: PI4KB is required for SARS-CoV S-mediated entry, and this function is dependent on its kinase activity. Significance: Our results indicate a new function for PI4KB and suggest a new drug target for preventing SARS-CoV infection. Phosphatidylinositol kinases (PI kinases) play an important role in the life cycle of several viruses after infection. Using gene knockdown technology, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) is required for cellular entry by pseudoviruses bearing the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein and that the cell entry mediated by SARS-CoV spike protein is strongly inhibited by knockdown of PI4KB. Consistent with this observation, pharmacological inhibitors of PI4KB blocked entry of SARS pseudovirions. Further research suggested that PI4P plays an essential role in SARS-CoV spike-mediated entry, which is regulated by the PI4P lipid microenvironment. We further demonstrate that PI4KB does not affect virus entry at the SARS-CoV S-ACE2 binding interface or at the stage of virus internalization but rather at or before virus fusion. Taken together, these results indicate a new function for PI4KB and suggest a new drug target for preventing SARS-CoV infection.


ROUNDNESS AND CHARACTER OF QUARTZ GRAINS IN TILLS AND MARINE SANDS IN AREAS OF DZIWNOWO AND GDAŃSK BAY

Summary
The paper presents comparative characteristics (roundness and surface structure) of quartz grains from tills and marine sands in Dzwinowo area and western part of the Gdansk Bay (Fig. 1). Marine sands occuiring there are mainly the result of washing of tills. Analyses were made under stereoscopic microscope. Roundness of. grains was determined with the use of standard of Russel, Taylor and Pettijohn, and structure of surface - with the use of the L.B. Ruchin (1969) scale as modified by R. Kotlinski and F.B. Pieczka, 1977), identifying grains with: 1) smooth - glittering, 2) rough - fine-rough, 3) cavernaceous, 4) corroded, and 5) high-relief surface.
The studies showed that in relation to tills the marine sands are improverished in angular and subangular grains with high-relief surface at the avantage of subrounded, rounded and well-rounded grains with rough, fine-rough surface. The range of these changes (Tables 1, 2) indicates that sands of the Gdansk Bay originated directly from washing of tills, whereas grains of sands from the Dzwinowo area were seasonally subjected to reworking in eolian environment also.
In both areas, marine sands are characterized by much higher variability in roundness of grains between individual samples than the tills (Fig. 2, Tables 1, 2). This is mainly due to selection of grains, depending on their shape, in the course of their transport.
The obtained results show that it is not possible to establish grain types unequivocally typical of shallow marine environment of southern Baltic on the basis of the degree of roundness and structure of surface.


The toxic effect of excessive Fe(2+) on hybrid rice and mechanisms of rice resistance to Fe(2+) toxicity was conducted with five Fe(2+) levels in nutrient solution culture.High Fe(2+) stress significantly reduced root and shoot dry weight.Rice shoots were affected more severely than roots at Fe(2+) levels lower than 150 mg/L,after that,roots were severely affected.Increasing Fe(2+) concentration significantly enhanced iron absorption in rice shoots and roots,concentration of iron in roots was double higher than in shoots,alternatively,most of the iron taken up was retained in roots,suggesting that root tissue may act as a physical barrier.The activities of POD was significantly decreased under higher Fe(2+) stress.Under lower Fe(2+) stress,however,the activities of POD increased, which might be regarded as a mechanism of rice resistance to Fe(2+) toxicity.


Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder categorized by an increase in individual's blood glucose level causing from the body's inability to produce insulin or opposition to insulin action, or both. Based on this study is to identify the associated factors that contribute diabetes mellitus types 2. The associated factors in this study is defined as age, body mass index, total cholesterol, hypertention, incident CHD, taking lipid lowering medication and smoking status. Materials and Methods: Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted with reporting of odds ratio to establish diabetes mellitus types 2 diseases among diabetes patients in Malaysia. To explore the underlying association between diabetes mellitus types 2 and the selected explanatory variables, a set of logistic regression models is fitted in this section. Let define the following dichotomous variables for the diabetes mellitus types 2 diseases. Data were tabulated, cross-tabulated and analyzed statistically using PASW version 18. Result: From this study, body mass index is one most associated factor that contributes to diabetes mellitus type 2 where the mean of BMI is 25.91 (overweight) (OR = 1.186, 95% CI: 1.089-1.291, p-value <0.001). Blood glucose was positively related to total cholesterol level in the diabetic mellitus type 2 patients (OR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.982-1.000, p-value <0.042), suggesting that the higher blood glucose level, the higher the total cholesterol level. Hypertension is highly significant with diabetes mellitus type 2 among patient (OR = 2.840, 95% CI: 1.559-5.175, p-value <0.001) where systolic blood presure more than 160 mm/hg. Meanwhile, a person who taking lipid lowering medication have occurred 4.029 the probability of getting diabetes mellitus type 2 (OR = 4.029, 95% CI: 1.097-14.797, p-value <0.036). Summary and Conclusion: Suitable control of these associated factors may help to decrease the rigorousness of diabetes and its associated complications. Continue work to improve the understanding of type 2 diabetes associated may assist in the development of optimal strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention with a long-term goal of addressing this major public health concern. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Logistic Regression, Associated Factors


A systematic investigation into the favorable reaction conditions for construction of copper(II) coordination polymers was carried out. Various reactions of copper(II) bromide with dimethylbis(4-pyridyl)silane (L) produce two kinds of skeletal structures: the 1D loop-chain and the square-tubular helix. The fast-formation condition affords the 1D loop-chain, whereas the slow-formation condition yields the helical structure. The formation of significant condition-dependent structures can be partially attributed to the nature of the bromide anion and angle strain around the copper(II) cation. The relationships between structures and physicochemical properties such as anion exchangeability, catalytic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, and thermal properties are discussed in these pages.


This article discusses terminological aspects on the various existing definitions of three-dimensional (3D) real property. The focus is on applying methods from the field of terminology on the 3D real property domain and describes how to come to terms with the problem of existing inconsistent terminology used today. The article provides an overview of the encountered problems concerning the terminology for 3D real property, including a suggestion for a definition of 3D property.


The statutory presumption of legitimacy under s 114 of the Evidence Act (Cap 97, 1997 Rev Ed) allows for 'conclusive proof' of legitimacy to be established with relative ease. However, reliable scientific evidence of actual biological paternity continues to be formally denied its proper role in rebutting the statutory presumption of legitimacy under the Act. In the recent decision of WX v WW [2009] 2 SLR(R) 573, the Singapore High Court in upholding a child maintenance order granted by the District Court has exemplified judicial innovation in getting around the evidential restriction under s 114. Although this led to a just result given the circumstances of the case, WX v WW starkly illustrates the need for legislative reform of s 114 of the Evidence Act.


ABSTRACT This paper responds to suggestions that the concept of 'child voice' is under-interrogated in academic and grey literatures. It presents findings from data generated with seven mothers in a small-scale qualitative study about young children's well-being in a low-income area in England. The findings suggest a re-conceptualisation of young children as a 'mutuality of being' may broaden the means by which children's voices can be heard and responded to, especially those living in, or at risk of, poverty. The paper highlights some of the possible shortcomings of conceptualising young children as bounded individuals who can be abstracted from their social and material temporal/spatial contexts. The implications of individualising children, prevalent in Early Childhood Education & Care policy in England, are considered. The paper concludes by suggesting that eliciting young children's voice(s) necessitate including other voices, past and present, from the socio-cultural contexts in which they are entangled.


Objective:To optimize the extraction process of the pharyngitis granules,and to determine the efficacy of the pharyngitis granules in the treatment of acute pharyngitis.Methods:Three factors influencing the pharyngitis granules were optimized by orthogonal test.The rate of ertract was marked.Forty-four patients were selected and randomly divided in to treatment group and control group.Twenty-nine patients were in the treatment group (pharyngitis granules +ampicillin,PGAN),15 patients were in the control group (Xuanmai ganju granules+Ampicillin,XMAN).Results:The more effective way was addition of ten times the amount of water and heated for 1.5 hours,and extraction for three times.The treatment group and the control group showed no significant difference with regard do the age,sex and severity of disease.In PGAN group the total effective rate was 82.7%,and SMAN group was 53.3%.There was significant difference between the treatment group and the control group of acute pharyngitis patients(P0.05).Conclusion:The results suggested that pharyngitis granule had a better result on the treatment of acute pharyngitis.The optimal procedures were simple and repeatable.


One characteristic feature of Celtic languages is mutation, i.e. the fact that the initial consonant of words may change according to the context. We provide a quick description of this linguistic phenomenon for Breton along with a formalization using finite state transducers. This approach allows an exact and compact description of mutations. The result can be used in various contexts, especially for spell checking and language teaching.


Abstract This paper examines empirically the impact of austerity on the financial balance of the Greek private sector, with the use of the Dynamic OLS (DOLS) methodology. The standard stock-flow consistent private expenditure function is extended by treating corporate profits separately from the disposable income of the private sector in order to take into account the impact of austerity on distribution and private spending. The empirical findings indicate that the economy is debt-led, with austerity generating insolvency dynamics for the private sector. On one hand, at least since the introduction of the euro currency, private expenditure was heavily relying on the disposable income net of profits in an unsustainable manner, while on the other, the implementation of the Economic Adjustment Programs (EAPs) have intensified these unsustainable conditions, degrading the growth prospects of the economy.


Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and cardiac glycoside distribution in 1 high altitude medicinal plants belonging to different families (Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Crassulaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Urticaceae, and Zygophyllaceae) were assessed and compared. The plants investigated were Achillea millefolium, Artemesia dracunculus, Bidens pilosa, Carum carvi, Dracocephalum heterophyllum, Ferula jaeskiana, Gallium pauciflorum, Heracleum pinnatum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Inula racemosa, Mentha longifolia, Nepeta podostachys, Origanum vulgare, Peganum harmala, Rhodiola imbricata, Rhodiola heterodenta, Rosa webbiana, Rosa macrophylla, Rubia cordifolia, Tanacetum gracile, and Utrica hyperborea, which have been widely used for time immemorial in the traditional Amchi system of medicine in the Ladakh region of India. Phytochemicals were qualitatively detected using aqueous extracts and solvent fractions of plants using various biochemical tests. These plants are a potential source of useful drugs. Future studies will isolate, identify, characterize and elucidate the structure of novel bioactive compounds. The significance of these plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of their chemical constituents are discussed in the context of the role of these plants in ethnomedicine in Ladakh. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


[Objective] To develop a occupational stressor scale for hospital ad ministrators.[Methods]Based on reference research and open inv estigation,the occupational stressor scale for hospital administrators has been developed.Data was analyzed by correlation ananlysis and principal component analysis. [Results] 5 dimensions and 39 items were involved in the occupational stressor scale for ho spital administrators,including organizational structure and style,role pressu re,task factors,vocational development,and social interaction and so on.The total ot coefficients was 0.964.There were positive correlations between 5 dime nsions of occupational mental health stressors and 9 dimensions of SCL-90 (P0.05).[Conclusion]A good psychometric fea ture of the scale has been demonstrated.


We investigate the effect of an age-dependent mutation rate in the Penna model of ageing and then we observe that the high mortality for human babies can be reproduced by the model if one assumes babies to be weaker than adults.


PURPOSE: A fuel pump module is provided to prevent a fuel leakage to the outside of a flange assembly by integrally forming a conductive insert port by insert molding. CONSTITUTION: A fuel pump module(1000) comprises a flange assembly(100), a guide rod(200), a reservoir body(300), a pump mounting unit(400), and a fuel delivery pipe. The flange assembly comprises a feed port(120) and an insert port(130). The feed port is formed on one side of a flange(110), and the insert port is formed on the other side thereof. The guide rod is extended from the flange assembly. The reservoir body is connected to the guide rod, and a fuel pump(310) is placed inside the reservoir body. The pump mounting unit is connected to the reservoir body, and the fuel pump is fixed to the pump mounting unit. Fuel delivered from the fuel pump is discharged through a fuel discharge port(410). The fuel delivery connects the inert port to the fuel discharge port.


Abstract Throughout the world, forest covers one-third of the land's area. Present and historical human activities caused tremendous land use changes and triggered the onset of unseen climate changes. Yet, these socio-economically based environmental changes interfere with services that forests provide to mankind from global to local scales. Densely populated regions such as Flanders (Belgium), with over 430 people per km2, have the dubious honour to serve as examples of extreme human induced forest changes. The issue of forest biodiversity is reviewed in the light of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scheme. Flanders is a poorly forested region (11% forest cover); supporting services are consequently low. Merely 16% of that area has known 230 years of continuous forest cover, representing forest with the highest current biodiversity. Also, the demands for regulating services are growing and the limits may have been reached. Provisioning services may increase again in future when demands for, for example bio-energy, increase. Cultural services, particularly the recreational function, have increased greatly. Human well-being in Flanders partly depends on the services provided by forest ecosystems. However, as demands on forests are huge, a shift to a sustainable use of forest resources will be essential to assure its beneficial role for present and future generations.


In this paper we consider an extremal problem related to a set of continuous positive definite functions on R whose support is contained in the closed interval [ − 𝜎, 𝜎 ] , 𝜎 > 0 and the value at the origin is fixed (the class F 𝜎 ). We consider the following problem. Let 𝜇 be a linear locally bounded functional on the set of continuous functions which have compact support, i.e. 𝐶 𝑐 ( R ) and suppose that 𝜇 is real-valued functional on the sets F 𝜎 , 𝜎 > 0 . For a fixed 𝜎 > 0 , it is required to find the following constants: . We have obtained a general solution to this problem for functionals of the following form 𝜇 ( 𝜙 ) = ∫ R 𝜙 ( 𝑥 ) 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 , 𝜙 ∈ 𝐶 𝑐 ( R ) , where 𝜌 ∈ 𝐿 𝑙𝑜𝑐 ( R ) and 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝜌 ( − 𝑥 ) a.e. on 𝑥 ∈ R . For 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) ≡ 1 , the value of 𝑀 ( 𝜇, 𝜎 ) was obtained by Siegel in 1935 and, independently, by Boas and Kac in 1945. In this article, we have obtained explicit solution to the problem under consideration in cases of 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑖𝑥 , 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 and 𝜌 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑖 sign 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ R . In addition, in this paper we study the connection between the problem under consideration and pointwise inequalities for entire functions of exponential type (cid:54) 𝜎 whose restrictions on R are in 𝐿 1 ( R ) . In particular, sharp inequalities are obtained for the first and second derivatives of such functions.


Neural networks (NNs) are key to deep learning systems. Their efficient hardware implementation is crucial to applications at the edge. Binarized NNs (BNNs), where the weights and output of a neuron are of binary values {−1,+1} (or encoded in {0, 1}), have been proposed. As no multiplier required, BNNs are particularly attractive and suitable for hardware realization. Most prior NN synthesis methods target on hardware architectures with neural processing elements (NPEs), where the weights of a neuron are loaded and the output of the neuron is computed. The load-and-compute method, though area efficient, requires expensive memory access, which deteriorates energy and performance efficiency. In this work we aim at synthesizing BNN layers into dedicated logic circuits. We formulate the corresponding model pruning problem and matrix covering problem to reduce the area and routing cost of BNNs. For model pruning, we propose and compare three strategies at the BNN training stage. For matrix covering, we propose a scalable logic-sharing algorithm. By combining these two methods, experimental results justify the effectiveness of the method in terms of area and net savings on FPGA implementation. Our method provides an alternative implementation of BNNs, and can be applied in combination with NPE-based implementation for area, speed, and power tradeoffs.


Due to the increasing presence of renewable energy sources connected to the distribution network, new issues concerning the electrical system's balancing and safety are spreading. Using network solution, these issues can be solved only by reinforcing grid assets or preventing the connection of new power plants. On the contrary, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are one of the no network solutions identified to solve the technical issues raised in distribution network, to increase the hosting capacity, without using costly solutions. Consequently, several countries (e.g. Italy, Germany, Spain, Japan) defined technical rules regarding connection, prescription and network support functions for ESS in distribution networks. In the paper, an intelligent and decentralized Multi-Agent System (MAS) for the direct control of ESS connected with photovoltaic power plants (PV) in the LV distribution networks has been carried out. The effect of the aggregation of small storage systems able to provide grid services will be tested in a typical Italian LV distribution network, underlining the utility of the proposed design of MAS control.


Through two-dimensional numerical simulations, we present the detailed dynamic evolution of microstructure in sheared polymer mixtures and quantitatively analyze the role of viscoelasticity in non-equilibrium steady states. The result reveals that the viscoelastic effects play an essential role in forming a non-equilibrium steady state as well as the interfacial force, the inertial force, and the viscous force. By tuning the coefficients in a two-fluid model, we also find that the magnitude of viscoelastic contribution does influence the existence of non-equilibrium steady state.


The mortality among preterm infants in developed countries has decreased dramatically in the last decade. The survival of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants has increased from 50% [1] to over 85% [2]. The atypical early experience of VLBW infants affects their development and modifies their behavior. Establishing breastfeeding in preterm infants (<37 weeks gestation), especially those in the VLBW category, presents logistical issues for families and for the health-care staff, including identifying an appropriate enteral feeding method when the mother is not available to breastfeed. Bottle feeding is the most common supplementation to breastfeeding in nurseries, followed by cup feeding [3].


This report contains a description of the experimental method employed for measuring the reflection coefficients of nine materials in the spectral region 2000 A. to 1300 A., together with the results obtained.


The aqueous solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients at 25 °C of veratrole (1,2-dimethoxybenzene), three chlorinated veratroles, and nine chlorinated anisoles (methoxybenzenes) were measured by a conventional shake-flask, batch-contacting method. The data indicate that both solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients are well correlated with LeBas molar volume, yielding structure-property relationships which may be useful for predictive purposes. Correlation of supercooled liquid solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients of a series of phenolic compounds suggests that in aqueous solution the chloroveratroles and chloroanisoles behave similarly to nonpolar aromatic compounds such as the chlorobenzenes and differently from the related chlorophenolic substances.


This research addresses on textual error meaning of English to Indonesian translation in EFL class. This study is aimed to describe the frequency of error distribution and to investigate the dominant errors made by students in English to Indonesian Translation. The subject of this research is the fourth-semester English education students at the Muhammadiyah University of Metro. There are 37 students used as the total sampling technique to get the sample. To collect the data, the writer used a test as the instrument, i.e. an essay test. The collected data are analyzed by means of error analysis which starts from collecting the data, identifying the errors from the answer sheet, classifying and describing of errors on each type and finally tabulating the students' errors. The finding shows that frequency of errors made by the student in translating English into Indonesian can be classified into 73.43% of verb, 85% of noun, 52.7% of adverb and 100% of conjunction. On the other hand, the common error in translating textual meaning occurs in conjunction class which the average is 100%. It is the biggest percentage of all the errors which is automatically be the dominant error of textual meaning in this research


The invention discloses a method for effluent sterilization by utilizing noise of an air blower of a sewage plant in collaboration with medicine, and adopts the technical scheme as follows: an air blower room of the sewage plant is arranged near a contact pool, based on owned sterilization characteristic of high-decibel noise of the air blower, a sound collection cover is utilized for collecting noise, and the noise of the air blower is led into the contact pool according to the point location arrangement of 0.3-1/m , and is coordinated with the medicine for sterilization for more than 20 min, so that a coordinated sterilization effect on effluent of the sewage plant is achieved. The method enables the noise to be used for effluent sterilization during treatment of noise pollution in the sewage disposal process, so that secondary pollution can be reduced, and the method is a low-carbon environmental-friendly new method which combines pollution abatement with resource utilization.


Abstract : This report deals with the improvement of piezoelectricity in the piezoelectric paper made with cellulose. Piezoelectric paper fabrication process is composed of cellulose dissolving, wet cellulose casting, regenerating cellulose, stretching and drying processes. To automate these serial processes, a pilot plant was developed for the wet cellulose casting, regenerating, stretching and drying processes.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in synthesis of polycrystalline synthesis via a Siemens process. A gaseous mixture based on chlorosilanes or their mixture is fed into at least two reactors linked to a single process cycle and connected to each other in series by a system of pipes. A gaseous mixture meant for operation of all reactors is fed at the input of the first reactor. The said mixture continuously passes through all reactors connected in series and silicon is deposited simultaneously in all the reactors connected in series. Consumption of the gaseous mixture at the input of the first reactor satisfies the relationship: where Q is gaseous mixture consumption at the input of the first reactor; Q i is consumption of the gaseous mixture required for operation of one of the series-connected reactors in autonomous mode; n is the number of series-connected reactors. EFFECT: invention increases output and degree of utilising silicon-containing gas, and reduces power consumption. 5 cl, 6 tbl


This report supplements the description of the methodology developed for ranking cabin materials for combined hazards generated in a survivable crash fire presented in Part I of the report. More comprehensive procedures are presented for the calibration and operation of the computer-augmented Ohio State University Calorimeter modified to derive the new materials fire hazards testing apparatus known as the Combined Hazards Analysis System (CHAS). Definitive derivations of the human survival models for temperature, smoke, and toxic gases used in the hazards analysis and a thorough presentation of the mathematics used in the Fortran Fire Analysis Computer Program are presented. A full description of the full-scale fire testing method used during the development and demonstration phases of the program is presented to give a better understanding of the capability of the laboratory methodology to rate materials on the basis of the relative passenger escape time potential from a cabin section. Part II is, essentially a working manual which will assist greatly those committed to duplicating and successfully operating the CHAS. The CHAS methodology is useful for development of new fire resistant materials. (Author)


This article examines the impact of academic discourses on Neo-Gnosticism. The identities and ritual practices of Neo-Gnostics are constructed with reference to Gnostic Studies. Analysis of two case studies (the Apostolic Johannite Church and Jeremy Puma) shows how academic discourse legitimizes, challenges, or reforms Gnostic identity in the twenty-first century.


Let $(R,M)$ be a normal two dimensional equicharacteristic Noetherian domain with a rational singularity. Let $\nu=\nu_E$ be a divisorial valuation dominating $R$ with associated graded algebra $G:=\mathrm{gr}_\nu(R)$. We recover from $G$ the following information: $\nu$ is/is not an essential valuation of $R$; the autointersection $E^2$ and valence $v(E)$ in the minimal resolution of $\mathrm{Spec}R$.


Throughout the 20th century, there has been a large transformation of the public health landscape leading to an increase in longevity worldwide, of which Argentina was no exception [1, 2]. In fact, median life expectancy in Argentina in the year 1900 was just 41 years, with infectious diseases being the main cause of death. Vaccine development, the use of antibiotics and improvements to the healthcare system during the last Century led to an epidemiologic transition that allowed for an important improvement in life expectancy (80 years for females and 73.2 years for men in 2019) and positioned the cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the main cause of death throughout the nation [3]. The appearance of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic represents a sudden change in this trend and a new challenge for the healthcare system. After 60 years of a landscape dominated by non-communicable diseases such as CVD, a new infectious disease appeared worldwide and threatens even the most solid healthcare systems. There is a two-pronged hazard of this pandemic: The first hazard is the direct damage caused by the virus itself. As of May 23rd, 2020, SARSCoV-2 infected over 5.1 million people and caused over 330,000 deaths worldwide [4]. The second hazard is the psychological effect on the population due to the physical distancing measures required to contain the virus propagation, which had a severe negative impact on health management behaviors that, as a result of multiple educational campaigns, were grounded in our Society [5]. Recent publications from both Europe and the USA already show a 40% reduction in the number of primary angioplasties due to acute coronary syndrome with ST segment deviation [6, 7, 8]. Similarly, a recent communication from China shows that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients suffering from heart attacks waited four times longer than the historic average time to call for medical help [9]. One probable explanation for these findings is that many people, because of fear for the virus, either will not consult a physician or will delay the consultation. This appears to be an imminent threat from a cardiovascular perspective.


The nature and importance of urban landscapes as they have been viewed in recent geographical research are discussed. The role of urban landscapes as cultural and educational resources is stressed. A major line of thought concerning the historical development and future management of urban landscapes is described, using a series of diagrammatic models suitable for teaching purposes. The principal focus of attention is British cities, but many of the ideas embodied in the models have wider relevance. Important factors in the changing physical form of cities are fluctuations in housebuilding activity, transport innovations, building types, fringe belts, and the influence of the past on the present and future. The teaching of urban geography in recent years has been slow to reflect research in urban morphology. Writings of the distant past are remarkably influential. The concentric zone model, put forward by Chicago sociologist Ernest W. Burgess (1925) nearly 70 years ago, has proved almost irresistible to authors of urban geography textbooks for over 30 years. Its continuing popularity among teachers no doubt reflects the appealing simplicity with which it may be communicated diagrammatically. Meanwhile it has long ceased to have currency among urban geography researchers. Indeed among geographers specialising in urban morphology in the strict sense it scarcely entered the mainstream of research; at least not in the terms envisaged by Burgess, who was little concerned with the directly observable characteristics of the urban landscape that have attracted the attention of urban morphologists in recent times. It is high time, therefore, that conceptual frameworks that have enjoyed more recent attention from urban morphologists were added to the teacher's repertoire. This paper considers first the nature and importance of urban landscapes as they have been viewed within a body of research that has become quite sizeable during the past two decades. Then, in the main part of the paper, one major line of thought concerning the historical development and future management of urban landscapes is described, using a series of diagrammatic models suitable for teaching purposes. The principal focus of attention is British cities, but many of the ideas embodied in the models have wider relevance.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been considered as the promising techniques to address the explosively growing computation-intensive applications and accomplish the requirement of massive connectivity in the fifth-generation networks. Moreover, since the computing resources of the edge server are limited, the computing load of the edge server needs to be effectively alleviated. In this paper, by exploiting device-to-device (D2D) communication for enabling user collaboration and reducing the edge server's load, we investigate the D2D-assisted and NOMA-based MEC system. In order to minimize the weighted sum of the energy consumption and delay of all users, we jointly optimize the computing resource, power, and channel allocations. Regarding the computing resource allocation, we propose an adaptive algorithm to find the optimal solution. Regarding the power allocation, we present a novel power allocation algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the single NOMA group comprised of multiple cellular users. Then, for the matching group comprised of a NOMA group and D2D pairs, we theoretically derive the interval of optimal power allocation and propose a PSO-based algorithm to solve it. Regarding the channel allocation, we propose a one-to-one matching algorithm based on the Pareto improvement and swapping operations and extend the one-to-one matching algorithm to a many-to-one matching scenario. Finally, we propose a scheduling-based joint computing resource, power, and channel allocations algorithm to achieve the joint optimization. The simulation results show that the proposed solution can effectively reduce the weighted sum of the energy consumption and delay of all users.


The Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 1915 contains an article by the late Dr. N. A. Cobb, in which he chides bi ologists about their ignorance of the organisms that inhabit the soil. "We depend on the soil for our very existence," he wrote, "and it may seem that this fact should have caused us long ago to have made ourselves thoroughly acquainted with it and all its inhabitants; yet the truth is otherwise." "Relatively speaking, in a biological sense, this soil we daily tread under foot is almost a veritable terra in cognita."


In the first part of this paper we introduce a simplified version of a new Black Box from Shelah (11) which can be used to construct complicated @n-free abelian groups for any natural number n 2 N. In the second part we apply this prediction principle to derive for many commutative rings R the existence of @n-free R-modules M with trivial dual M � = 0, where M � = Hom(M, R). The minimal size of the @n-free abelian groups constructed below is i n, and this lower bound is also necessary as can be seen immediately if we apply GCH.


Introduction The risk of failure of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in AHRF patients is greater with higher degrees of acidosis. The BTS guidelines suggest that patients with pH <7.26 have a higher risk of NIV failure which implies a higher risk of endotracheal intubation. Aims and objectives We set out to verify the strength of this known association of initial arterial pH (pre-commencement of NIV) and the risk of endotracheal intubation in a large dataset. Methods A retrospective analysis of the initial ABG values on 1003 episodes of NIV at a dedicated respiratory NIV unit from 1 August 2004 to 31 December 2009. We predicted the probability of endotracheal intubation (T) using pH, pCO2 and pO2 variables, using a logistic regression model. The fitted equation was log [T/(1−T)]=53.0704–7.7064 [pH]–0.0752 [CO2]–0.005[O2] which was applied to find the strength of association and expressed as p-values. Results In 1003 recorded episodes of acute NIV, the data entry was complete in 998 episodes on 712 unique patients. The p-values for the significance in predicting the risk of endotracheal intubation from the initial (pre-NIV) pH, CO2 and O2 are 0.0036, 0.3551, and 0.8929 respectively. The summary statistic for initial pH is stated in Abstract P158 Table 1.Abstract P158 Table 1 Summary Statistic of episodes of endotracheal intubation (n=991) Intubated Yes=28 No=963 Mean initial pH 7.214 7.258 SD 0.0766 0.0760 Minimum 7.081 6.870 Maximum 7.340 7.522 Median 7.213 7.258 Conclusion Our survey confirms that out of initial pH, pCO2 and pO2, pH is the significant factor (p=0.0036) in predicting the risk of endotracheal intubation of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure patients treated with NIV.


The problems of centralized purchasing and re-source distribution are analyzed,the author puts forward a method by matrix of price-claim ratio to choose parts suppliers and centralized purchasing,and realizes the win-win between suppliers and automobile company.


Frequency resolution is a main parameter of the acousto-optic spectrum analyzer.Because the actual diffraction width of the acousto-optic Bragg device is much larger than the theoretical width,we need to estimate the frequency resolution of the acousto-optic spectrum analyzer by the actual diffraction width.Under the existing optical experimental platform,we establish the mathematical model by the Gaussian function for the diffraction,which is stimulated by one radio frequency(RF)signal.We have solved the two Gaussian function superposition equations by dichotomy,and get the minimum distance which could be distinguished under the Rayleigh criterion condition.According to diffraction deflection distance of the optical system and the corresponding frequency bandwidth,we get the estimated frequency resolution.According to the multiplication property of Fourier transform,we generated the dual-frequency immediate frequency(IF)signal by the signal generator,and measure the frequency resolution of this optical system.The test results show that the estimated frequency resolution and the real frequency resolution of this optic system are basically the same.We can estimate the acousto-optic frequency resolution by this method.


3 cases of ischemic colitis that appeared without any apparent precipitating factors in patients with terminal uremia are reported. They all had polycystic kidney disease and 2 of them were on a chron


Building water pressure adjustment system has bigger lagging nature,so it is difficult to build accurate mathematic model. Using the tradition PID control is difficult to gain satisfied effect. Adopting Fuzzy-PID merit not only has tradition PID experiences, but also has control of mixing self adaptability control. Simulated result indicates this control is able to make system reach satisfied control effect, so it has fairly good application value.


In an attempt to improve the clarity of traffic planning models, personal characteristics are becoming of increasing importance. For time and cost reasons extensive information gained from public opinion polls should be used in this connection. From an example (west) it is possible, with these data to show that behaviour as regards the use of transport modes varies in relation to sex, place of employment, and the age of a particular group. These differences also occur in the case of territorial differentiations, so that - at least for journey to work - the use of census data may be recommended for use in modal split models. /TRRL/


Tao(logos)is of great influence in the field of the ancient Chinese aesthetics.It is not the tao of a school or asect,but a culture spirit mainly based on Confucianism and Tao,a study of the relationship between nature and man.So it does not belong to any aesthetic concept.But,the experiencing manners of emptiness to Lao Zhuang's Tao and the pursuit of the golden mean to Canfucian and Meng's Tao are,in fact,the important aesthetic concepts.In addition.with the integrated influence of Xin(mind)and Qi(air),the two moumenon meaning,the concepts push forward the unique characteristics of the ancient Chinese aesthetics and aesthetic concept as well.Tao to Xin,Qi can also hold and involve it.So,Tao is not the philosophical access.This paper describes the found amental conditions of the ancient Chinese aesthetic concepts form the point of view-Tao.


Care home staff working during the COVID‐19 pandemic experienced higher levels of stress and increased workloads. People from diverse ethnic backgrounds were disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explored the identity experiences of care home staff from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the context of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic.


Everyone makes mistakes. And a truly honest mistake rather than a wilful decision to do wrong is, surely, forgivable.

But the outcome of some mistakes made in practice can be serious – and even fatal – so it is understandable that vets and vet nurses find making mistakes stressful.

A huge element of recovering from mistakes – both for those who make them and those affected by them – is how they are put right.

Two sessions at conferences last month highlighted the most crucial component if a mistake is made: honesty.

A talk about avoiding pitfalls in practice given by the Veterinary Defence Society (VDS) at the London Vet Show and a discussion forum on professional dilemmas at the recent VetsNow conference examined how admitting a mistake can be daunting and hard. But they concluded that …


Myostatin (GDF8) is a growth factor that limits muscle tissue growth and development in vertebrates. We isolated a myostatin-like gene (Py-MSTN) from the marine invertebrate, the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Py-MSTN was highly expressed in the adductor muscle and in the gill unexpectedly. Amino acid analysis showed that Py-MSTN has 49% amino acid sequence identity and 64% similarity to human myostatin (Hs-MSTN), and 42% identity and 61% similarity to myoglianin, the only invertebrate homolog. These results indicated that Py-MSTN may be functionally similar to the vertebrate MSTN than the invertebrate homolog. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Py-MSTN is an ancestral form of vertebrate MSTN and GDF11 and does not belong to other family members. Molecular modeling showed that Py-MSTN exhibits a similar tertiary structure to mammalian BMP7, a member of family. In addition, the amino acid residues which contact extracellular domain of the receptor were relavively conserved. Given these results, we propose that Py-MSTN is a functionally active member of the family and is involved In muscle growth and regulation.


Geophysical studies (multichannel seismic reflection profiles, gravity and magnetic surveys) have been combined with drill hole data so that the major structural elements of the eastern North American continental margin and the seismic stratigraphy of the offshore sedimentary prism can be outlined. Studies of drill cores on the present shelf indicate that major marine incursions occurred during the Early and Late Middle Jurassic and culminated in the buildup of a series of carbonate platforms and banks that continued to flourish into the Albian on the Eastern Blake Plateau. Off the eastern United States, these banks appear to have formed in the vicinity of the ocean-continent boundary, and may have been associated with secondary volcanic dikes and sills which were emplaced 20-30 m.y. after continental separation. Influxes of terrigenous detritus during the Early to middle Cretaceous broadly prograded the margin as deltaic and mixed inner shelf and nonmarine deposits. A series of marine transgressions in the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary changed the shelf to a deep-water setting and resulted in the deposition of chalks and marly shale. Major marine regressions in the Oligocene, Miocene and Quaternary contributed to periodic cutback of shelf and slope, exposure of Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata in submarine canyons, accentuation of the shelf-slope-rise profile, and construction of a broad sedimentary prism beneath the continental rise.


Analyses of pollen and plant macrofossils from the Kolarik Mastodon Site provide important refinements of the late-glacial and early Holocene vegetational record for northwestern Indiana. The record spans the period from> 12,000 to 9500 years B.P. Regional vegetation from> 12,000 to at least 11,000 years B.P. consisted of open, spruce-dominated forest or woodland. Both black and white spruce were present locally, along with aspen, fir and tamarack. The mastodon recovered from the site was associated with this vegetation. Vegetation of the region between 11,000 and 9500 years B.P. consisted of pine, spruce and hardwoods (oak, ash, hickory, hornbeam). Macrofossils indicate local presence of jack pine, white pine, tamarack, spruce, fir, alder and birch (probably paper birch). A radiocarbon date from a wood sample indicates that the upper boundary of the spruce-herb pollen zone in the region may be as young as 10,800 years B.P., 1000 years younger than suggested by previous studies in northern Indiana. The age discrepancy may result from carbonate contamination of bulk lake sediments. INTRODUCTION We present results of pollen and macrofossil studies of sediments collected during excavation of mastodon and other vertebrate remains from the Kolarik Site (Ellis, 1981) in Starke Co., Indiana (Fig. 1). These studies provide the basis for reconstructions of vegetation and environment associated with the vertebrate assemblage. In addition, our studies contribute new information on the late-glacial and early Holocene vegetational history of northwestern Indiana and provide chronological and taxonomic refinements of the regional pollen stratigraphy. Bailey (1972) has provided a general outline of postglacial vegetational development in northwestern Indiana. Bailey's studies are based on pollen and radiocarbon stratigraphy of two lakes in LaPorte County, 55 km N of the Kolarik Site (Fig. 1). Because these lakes are in areas of calcareous till, the sediments are susceptible to contamination by "dead" Paleozoic carbonate, making the radiocarbon dates of bulk lake sediments subject to significant error (Bailey, 1972; Ogden, 1967). The availability of radiocarbon dates based on plant macrofossil samples in clear stratigraphic association with the pollen sequence at the Kolarik Site provides an opportunity to test and refine the regional chronology. In addition, identification of macrofossils from bulk sediments at the Kolarik Site permits identification of palynologically indistinguishable taxa (e.g, species of spruce, pine and birch) and documents the presence of palynologically "silent" taxa (e.g, aspen, tamarack, herbs, aquatic macrophytes). These identifications form the basis for a more detailed understanding of regional and local vegetational change.2 SITE DESCRIPTION The study site is situated on the property of Andrew Kolarik immediately N of the Starke Co.-Pulaski Co. line in Starke Co. (Bass Lake 7.5' Quadrangle, T32N, R2W, Sec. 36, SE 1/4, SW 1/4, SE 1/4, SW 1/4) (Fig. 1). Elevation of the site is 218 m above mean sea level. 1Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello 83209. 2Vascular plant nomenclature after Fernald (1950).


We describe a time-explicit finite-difference algorithm for solving the nonlinear fluid equations. The method is similar to existing Eulerian schemes in its use of operator-splitting and artificial viscosity, except that we solve the Lagrangian equations of motion with a predictor-corrector and then remap onto a fixed Eulerian grid. The remap is formulated to eliminate errors associated with coordinate singularities, with a general prescription for remaps of arbitrary order. We perform a comprehensive series of tests on standard problems. Self-convergence tests show that the code has a second-order rate of convergence in smooth, two-dimensional flow, with pressure forces, gravity, and curvilinear geometry included. While not as accurate on idealized problems as high-order Riemann-solving schemes, the predictor-corrector Lagrangian-remap code has great flexibility for application to a variety of astrophysical problems.


The aim of this case report is to increase the awareness of pancreatitis due to tigecycline, especially in patients with high risk. A 19-year-old male patient with cystic fibrosis was commenced an antibiotic regimen containing tigecycline with the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. On the 12th day of the treatment, severe epigastric abdominal pain and nausea appeared, and pancreatic enzyme levels increased 10 times more than normal. After eliminating other causes of pancreatitis, tigecycline treatment was discontinued, and the patient's clinical condition improved and laboratory findings returned to normal gradually. Clinicians should be careful when using tigecycline, especially in patients with high risk of developing pancreatitis, such as cystic fibrosis.


In FY09 they will (1) complete the implementation, verification, calibration, and sensitivity and scalability analysis of the in-cell virus replication model; (2) complete the design of the cell culture (cell-to-cell infection) model; (3) continue the research, design, and development of their bioinformatics tools: the Web-based structure-alignment-based sequence variability tool and the functional annotation of the genome database; (4) collaborate with the University of California at San Francisco on areas of common interest; and (5) submit journal articles that describe the in-cell model with simulations and the bioinformatics approaches to evaluation of genome variability and fitness.


The traffic assignment problem (TAP) consists of assigning routes to trips, in order to minimize the travel time of all these trips. Classical methods assume the existence of a central authority that computes and assigns routes to road users. In this paper, we present two multiagent reinforcement learning approaches for the TAP. They solve the problem in a distributed perspective, in which road users (agents) decide which route to take and learn from their trips. The first approach, named edge-based Q-Learning, can learn a route from any existing route in the search space. The second, called route-based Q-Learning, restricts the search space to a fixed subset of precomputed routes. Experimental evaluation is conducted in two transportation scenarios that differ in the amount of learning agents and network topology. The results obtained are compared against three classical (and centralized) methods for the TAP.


Abstract Then When I was a student at the University of California, Berkeley, in the early 1960s 'Church gardens' were familiar to all of us, and they were frequent topics of discussion. Thomas D. Church's landscapes appeared regularly in the leading garden periodicals of the day such as Sunset and House Beautiful, and we looked there for new work and sensible ideas. His book Gardens are for People (1955) was a standard telerence in the design studio, and in our school years we visited a number of his gardens on excursions. Among them was the much-publicized Donnell garden in Sonoma, California, which was regarded as a model, utilizing the. site and its native vegetation, but mixing the existing conditions with a vocabulary of new forms and spatial ideas. The faculty frequently talked with us about Church's work, and his office was offered as a prime example of a successful design practice: focused on design and people, but economically viable. The influence of his work on my generation of landscape architects has been considerable.


Acquisition is the first step in the signal processing section of a Global Position System (GPS) receiver. It detects the presence of a GPS signal received by antenna and provides estimates of code phase and Doppler frequency to the tracking loops. Three acquisition methods in frequency-domain processing are compared, i.e., namely radix-2 FFT, split-radix-2/4 FFT and. The expectancy of the split-radix algorithm is increasing the acquisition efficiency. It is shown that the split-radix-2/8 FFT can save 25% of data loads and stores compared with split-radix-2/4 FFT. In order to simulate the overall system in an efficient way, the acquisition functions are developed in software architecture running on PC.


A multisweep type of experiment has been used to obtain activation energies for the first−order desorption transients of inert−gas ions implanted into a nickel (100) crystal without assumption concerning preexponential factors. In addition, a method is described in which the substitutional inert−gas diffusion energies may be estimated (to within 10%) from thermal desorption spectra and applied to the present experiments. The diffusion energies obtained are ENe=2.44±0.24 eV, EAr=1.83±0.18 eV, and EKr=2.11±0.21 eV. The analysis has also allowed the neon ion implantation depth to be estimated from the thermal desorption experiments. In particular it is found that 7−keV neon has a 50% range of ∼124 A in the nickel sample.


A retrospective study of ten cases of intoxication due to Datura were reported. Clinical symptoms were those of atropinic intoxication, associated with hallucinations and aggressiveness. The diagnostic is supported by clinical examination. Laboratory examinations are useful only for differential diagnosis.


Abstract : Under the assumptions of piecewise analyticity of boundary and boundary values described in section 1, when the simple five point difference scheme for the discrete Laplacian and any of the three boundary value adjustments described in section 2 are applied, the discretization error of the Dirichlet problem solution can be estimated uniformly in the region by a given inequality.


Introduction: In Hemophilia patients with inhibitors, recombinant human (rh)FVIIa-based bypassing strategy does not always achieve hemostasis indicating a clinical need for improved treatment strategies. We engineered an activated FVa variant ( super FVa) with mutations at 3 activated protein C cleavage sites (R506, R306 and R679) and an engineered interdomain disulfide bond (H609C-E1691C) connecting the A2 and A3 domains. Super FVa resisted inactivation and showed superior hemostatic properties in FVIII-deficient plasma and in mouse models of Hemophilia A compared to wild type rhFVa. Therefore, the hemostatic effects of super FVa alone and in combination with rhFVIIa in hemophilia with inhibitors were determined in more detail. Materials and Methods: Procoagulant and clot stabilizing properties of super FVa, rhFVIIa, and combinations thereof were studied in thrombin generation (endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and peak height) and clot lysis assays in hemophilia A and normal plasma with or without high titer inhibitors. In vivo efficacy of super FVa alone and in combination with rhFVIIa for bleed reduction in hemophilia was tested in FVIII-deficient mice using a tail clip model. Results: Extensive dose-response titrations of super FVa, rhFVIIa, and combinations thereof in hemophilic or normal plasma with inhibitors indicated synergistic responses for normalization of thrombin generation or clot stabilization. For instance, at 0.4 nM rhFVIIa (1/100 of the therapeutic plasma level), the concentration of super FVa required to normalize thrombin generation was reduced 10-fold. Vice versa, rhFVIIa tested up to 40 nM only marginally improved thrombin generation, however, rhFVIIa in the presence of a low concentration of super FVa (3 nM) normalized thrombin generation at concentrations 50-fold below the therapeutic plasma level. Saturation of the synergistic effect between super FVa and rhFVIIa was evident as thrombin generation reached a plateau at ~110% of normal plasma at higher concentrations of super FVa and rhFVIIa. Similar synergistic normalization of clot lysis time was observed when super FVa and rhFVIIa were used together at low concentration. Beneficial effects of super FVa and rhFVIIa combinations were also observed in 5 individual plasma samples of hemophilia A patients with inhibitors (41-280 BU/ml). ETP and peak height improved ~1.5-3 fold when both super FVa (3 nM) and rhFVIIa (2 nM) were present compared to the individual 10 to 20-fold higher concentrations of super FVa (30 nM) or rhFVIIa (40 nM). Also, a therapeutic dose of rhFVIIa administered to 2 hemophilia patients with inhibitors (32 & 64 BU/ml) provided unremarkable improvements of thrombin generation in plasma taken before and 10 minutes post-infusion, whereas thrombin generation was fully restored upon titration of super FVa ex-vivo. In-vivo tail bleed analysis of FVIII-deficient mice showed a dose dependent reduction of bleeding by super FVa (mean blood loss was 25.9 µL/g at 10 U/kg; 9.7 µL/g at 40 U/kg and 2.5 µL/g at 200 U/kg of super FVa compared to 26.3 µL/g for saline). At the highest dose of super FVa (200 U/kg), bleed reduction was indistinguishable from the bleed reduction by rhFVIII (200 U/kg; 2.9 µL/g). Injection of 1 or 3 mg/kg rhFVIIa, reduced mean blood loss from 25.9 µL/g (saline control) to 16.8 (p=0.1) or 7.2 µL/g (p=0.003), respectively, but rhFVIIa's effects did not reach the blood loss reduction achieved with rhFVIII (2.9 µL/g, p=0.03). However, combination of rhFVIIa (1 mg/kg) with 10 U/kg super FVa, a concentration that did not reduce bleeding by itself, significantly reduced bleeding from 16.7 to 10.2 µL/g (p=0.05). Combination of rhFVIIa (3 mg/kg) with super FVa (40 U/kg) decreased bleeding even further (1.6 µL/g; p=0.01), similar to what was observed with rhFVIII. Conclusion: The engineered super FVa variant showed synergistic procoagulant effects with rhFVIIa in vitro in hemophilic and normal plasma with inhibitors in thrombin generation and clot lysis assays. Notably, in vivo, super FVa reduced bleeding similar to rhFVIII in FVIII-deficient mice in a dose-dependent fashion, and it was able to enhance further bleed reduction when administered in combination with rhFVIIa. These results warrant further characterization of the potential therapeutic benefits of super FVa as a novel bypassing strategy either alone or in combination with rhFVIIa-based therapy in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Disclosures von Drygalski: University of California, San Diego: University of California, San Diego Patents & Royalties. Gale: University of California, San Diego: University of California, San Diego Patents & Royalties. Griffin: The Scripps Research Institute: The Scripps Research Institute Patents & Royalties. Mosnier: The Scripps Research Institute: The Scripps Research Institute Patents & Royalties.


The flood disaster gave an impact to the community of Sampang District, various damages had occurred, both infrastructure and social-economic conditions. Seen from the impact of the floods that occurred throughout 2017, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) had a role in the implementation of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction after the flood disaster in Sampang District. According to the post-disaster needs assessment (jitupasna) concept of the various programs being implemented, such as; the implementation of data collection on the housing sector, infrastructure sector, social sector, economic sector, and cross-sector.
Descriptive research and qualitative methods were chosen in carrying out this research, describing the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Sampang Regency, in its efforts related to post-flood disaster Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Sampang District. The data were collected by using several techniques namely; observation, interviews and documentation. The data then analyzed by employing three stages of techniques, namely data reduction, data display, and decision making.

The role of the regional government through the Regional Disaster Management Agency in the effort of post-flood Rehabilitation and Reconstruction is weak, the post-disaster needs assessment team has not been formed in accordance with the decree to the role of the BPBD which only functions as coordinator. The implementation of post-flood Rehabilitation and Reconstruction is carried out by the relevant technical implementation agency. So that the role being run is not in accordance with the existing guidelines. The implementation of post-disaster needs assessment does not yet have clear legality, even though the post-disaster needs assessment is an important point in the implementation of post-disaster response.


The electroluminescence of GexSi1-x/Si single quantum well was measured at temperatures above room temperature along the growth direction and the direction normal to it. TO and NP peaks were resolved.


849. Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy Decreases Perinatal Transfer of Pneumococcal Antibodies Noah McKittrick, MD; David Vu, MD; Indu Malhotra, PhD; Charles H. King, MD; Francis Mutuku, PhD; A. Desiree Labeaud, MD, MS; Infectious Diseases, Stanford, Stanford, California; Stanford University, Stanford, California; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Environmental and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya


This essay examines how the Roman Catholic Church uses a version of the concept of culture in its evangelizing mission. The field of Christian evangelization is not commonly studied by anthropologists, but it represents a situation parallel to that of international and political development, which has similarly been informed by the anthropological concept of culture but translates that concept into action in ways that are not always consonant with anthropological theory. The great size and international reach of the Roman Catholic Church commend it to our attention insofar as it draws on a version of the anthropological perspective in its dealings with people in a multicultural society.


In high voltage substations, electromagnetic interference results in transient faults. Typically, hardware stable storage devices are used to stabilise data, to store status information of the controller and to protect the application against these faults. A case study of electric substation automation introduced a controller distributed on a parallel architecture and substituted the stable storage device by a fault-tolerant software implementation of stable memory. This allows the application to stabilise data to ensure its integrity. Based on the combination of temporal and spatial redundancy, it tolerates permanent faults in memory and transient faults affecting computation, input and memory devices. Transient faults lead to extra cycles before data is stabilised; permanent faults can be masked or lead to reconfiguration. The flexibility of the software architecture allows to fine-tune parameters according to application's needs. This enhances reusability in wide automation areas. Evaluation confirms the suitability of the software solution during typical disturbances.


Most frequently, process synthesis is executed by resorting to mathematical programming. Nevertheless, its most crucial step, i.e., the generation of the mathematical model, has been largely ignored. The present contribution demonstrates that the mathematical model generated in algorithmic process synthesis based on mathematical programming affects profoundly the quality of the solution and the necessary computational time. It has been illustrated that the P-graph framework gives rise to a consistent methodology for generating the mathematical model and its solution.


Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a potent endothelial‐derived vasoconstrictor that may modulate cholinergic cutaneous vascular regulation. Endothelin receptors are also expressed on the human eccrine sweat gland, although it remains unclear whether ET‐1 modulates cholinergic sweating. We investigated whether ET‐1 attenuates cholinergic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating through a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent mechanism. Our findings show that ET‐1 attenuates methacholine‐induced cutaneous vasodilatation through a NOS‐independent mechanism. We also demonstrate that ET‐1 attenuates cutaneous vasodilatation in response to sodium nitroprusside, suggesting that ET‐1 diminishes the dilatation capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells. We show that ET‐1 does not modulate methacholine‐induced sweating at any of the administered concentrations. Our findings advance our knowledge pertaining to the peripheral control underpinning the regulation of cutaneous blood flow and sweating and infer that ET‐1 may attenuate the heat loss responses of cutaneous blood flow, but not sweating.


Seed powder of twenty seven guar genotypes was analysed by Waters PICD-TAG System for quantitation of their seventeen individual amino acids. Amino acid concentrations were found to vary considerably among the genotypes. Amino acid profile of salt soluble and salt insoluble guar protein of nine genotypes were also established to ascertain the superiority of two protein fractions with respect to the presence of sulfur containing amino acids. Compared to soybean, guar protein was also found having adequate balance of amino acids but low in methionine and cystine.


An image denoising and enhancement algorithm based on fractal coding in wavelet domain is presented. Among them, A lemma is introduced first, and the advantages of fractal coding in wavelet domain are analyzed. Then, the denoising algorithm and experimental results based on fractal coding in wavelet domain are given in detail, and the experimental results are analyzed. When the noise level is high, the denoising effect of this method is better than that of the general method, and has higher logarithmic signal-to-noise ratio and peak logarithmic signal-to-noise ratio. At the same time, the calculation amount of this algorithm is smaller and the precision is higher.


On the basis of a brief introduction of Pyrus and origin of cultivated pears in Yunnan,the species and distribution of Pyrus in Yunnan Province were discussed.There were 8 sorts of Pyrus resources.Among them,P.pashia Buch-Ham,P.pyrifolia Nakai,P.pseudopashia Yu,P.calleryana Dcne were endemic species and P.bretschneideri Rehd,P.ussuriensis Maxim,P.communis L.,P.betulaefolia Bge were exotic species.There were 420 varieties(strain) of cultivated pear in Yunnan,320 were original and about 100 were external.They were divided into P.pyrifolia Nakai system,P.pashia Buch-Ham system,P.bretshneideri Rehd system and P.communis 1 system;the evolution of Pyrus and cultivated pears were analyzed;value of local germplasm and protection and unlization of Pyrus trees were prospected,for lying a fonndation for its full use.


Objective: To determine whether umbilical cord blood concentrations of soluble scavenger receptor for hemoglobin (sCD163) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are of value in the early postpartum diagnosis of histological chorioamnionitis in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: Eighty-three women with pregnancies complicated by PPROM between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation with (n = 38) and without (n = 45) the presence of histological chorioamnionitis were included in the study. We compared umbilical cord blood sCD163 and PTX3 levels in preterm neonates from PPROM pregnancies with versus without the presence of histological chorioamnionitis using nonparametric test (Mann–Whitney U test). Results: The presence of histological chorioamnionitis was associated with a higher median umbilical cord blood sCD163, but not PTX3 concentration, to compare with the absence of histological chorioamnionitis [sCD163: median 1466 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 1187–1828 vs. 1168 ng/mL, IQR 887–1595; p = 0.01; PTX3: median 3.96 ng/mL, IQR 2.24–6.77 vs. 2.95 ng/mL, IQR 1.74–6.93; p = 0.49]. Conclusions: HCA is associated with an increase of umbilical cord blood sCD163, but not PTX3 concentration. Umbilical cord blood sCD163 seems to be a postpartum marker of the presence of histological chorioamnionitis.


Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) have been widely used to detect the QTLs based on Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) relationships between SNPs and QTLs. However, in conventional GWAS both false positive and false negative results cause serious concerns. In this research, we developed three different transcriptome-based GWAS approaches which are complementary to conventional SNP-based GWAS. The ability to identify trait-associated genes in these three different methods are supported by cross-validation, transposon knockout mutants, and the analysis of a gene regulatory networks. In summary, we provide novel methods of detecting trait associated loci to further understand the complex gene regulatory systems which will benefit plants, animals, and disease treatment development in the future.


This study deals with quasi-copula in English. Quasi-copula is a linguistic
unit: a verb with equivalent function of copula be. According to its name, quasiwhich
comes from Latin and means almost or as if, it is a linguistic unit which is
almost a copula. Therefore, quasi-copula owns some properties of copula be.
However, its nature as lexical verb remains the same.
This study aims at depicting the concept of quasi-copula so the further
examination can be undertaken. The examination includes the identification of
unlisted copular verbs. After the identification has been done, a number of verbs
found is summed up with the previous copular verbs listed by Quirk et al. Totally
there are 52 quasi-copulas and these copulas are classified into some categories.
Besides, the study intends to analyze 1) quasi-copula in clause or sentence, 2)
meaning of quasi-copula, the laternation, argument realization � complementation
and semantic structure of quasi-copula, and 3) factors that trigger the emergence of
quasi-copula and its phenomena in daily use.
This study is a descriptive qualitative research since it attempts to describe
certain linguitic phenomena related to the object of the study. After the identification
of the unlisted copular verbs, the data start to be collected. The data include quasicopular
clause or sentence and are gathered from many sources. After the data have
been collected, the classification and the relevant analyses can be done thoroughly,
based on the problems being proposed.
The result of the study exhibit that 1) there are some unlisted copular verbs
(quasi-copula), 2) the formation of quasi-copular clause or sentence can be done
through canonical or non-canonical ways, 3) quasi-copula is resulted from an
alternation of its lexical form, and 4) there are some factors that trigger the emergence
of quasi-copula, include internal and external factors. Moreover, the use of quasicopula
in constructions are intriguing to be observed and portrayed.


Boosting is known to be sensitive to label noise. We studied two approaches to improve AdaBoost's robustness against labelling errors. One is to employ a label-noise robust classifier as a base learner, while the other is to modify the AdaBoost algorithm to be more robust. Empirical evaluation shows that a committee of robust classifiers, although converges faster than non label-noise aware AdaBoost, is still susceptible to label noise. However, pairing it with the new robust Boosting algorithm we propose here results in a more resilient algorithm under mislabelling.


With the overarching goal of making excellence inclusive, the Pathways to Professions (P2P) initiatives aim to simultaneously improve quality and value of education while increasing access and success through credential innovations. The chapter spotlights three cases operated under the P2P framework of Community Pathways, Higher Education Pathways, and Industry Pathways, as well as two cases on the horizon that are moving toward institutionalization. While case objectives vary, the overarching goal remains consistent toward creating accelerated pathways for the earning of educational and/or career credentials. Lessons learned are discussed with implications explored within the rapidly evolving educational and employment ecosystems.


Designing nanocomposites with heterointerface as bifunctional electrocatalysts is a potential strategy to overcome the intrinsic activity limitation of electrocatalytic water splitting in acidic media, but it remains challenging. Herein, the highly efficient RuO2/Co3O4 electrocatalyst with a uniform nanoflower structure is prepared by hydrothermal growth combined with interface engineering. Benefiting from the unique nanostructure, the migration of electrons and intermediates is optimized by the sufficient exposure of abundant micropores and defects. Moreover, the formation of strong electronic interaction at the RuO2/Co3O4 heterointerfaces boosts the electrochemical active surface area and accelerates the reaction kinetics, which effectively improve the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst. Based on enhanced intrinsic activity and electron transfer, the as‐synthesized RuO2/Co3O4 displays impressive hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity, which respectively require low overpotentials of 240 and 100 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4. As a bifunctional electrode, RuO2/Co3O4 exhibits a low operating voltage of 1.58 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall electrochemical water splitting. This study demonstrates the importance of heterostructure engineering in providing an avenue to achieve acid‐stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.


In this position paper, we provide first insights into possible schemes to utilize rule learning algorithms to solve the task of multilabel classification. The main idea is to exploit specific properties of symbolic rule representations to build models that consist of high-quality multilabel rules. To this end, novel ideas which rely on the adaptation of conventional inductive rule learners to multilabel data are presented. Their expected advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and limitations are reviewed and discussed.


The paper calculates the amount of supply and demand of ecological footprint per person in Fuzhou in 2006 by way of ecological footprint,analyzes the dynamic changes of ecological footprint in Fuzhou from 2001 to 2006 by using ecological footprint model,and expounds the sustainable development of land resources in Fuzhou.It also offers some advices on how to make ecological land planning in Fuzhou so as to maintain the security of ecology of the land.


The first examples of the use of NaSH to construct a thiophene ring fused with N-heterocycles via a SnAr-type reaction—cyclization strategies are given.


This paper outlines a procedure that can be used to identify the parameters in the coupled heave-pitch equations using the measured heave and pitch responses of a ship in a random sea. Equations for the mean values of heave and pitch motions are obtained using the concept of random decrement. In this paper we show how measured records of heave and pitch motions in random seas can be used to identify the parameters in the mean values equations of these motions. The technique described in the paper uses neural networks to identify these parameters. Preliminary results show that this approach is promising. Studies for the refinement and validation of the approach are currently underway at Memorial University.


This paper is an introduction to Dynare and New Keynesian, dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. In recent years, micro-founded macroeconomic models is a hot topic in monetary policy analysis, for example, Yun (1996), Gali (2002). A simple new Keynesian model is often called new IS-LM. Christiano et al. (2005) propose a medium-scale DSGE model (hybrid new IS-LM), and the extensions of it is often used in governments and central banks. This paper shows simulating new IS-LM and hybrid new IS-LM using Dynare. Moreover, we show simulating hybrid new IS-LM with liquidity-constraint household to analyze fiscal policy.