The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) in partnership with the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) held a workshop on the challenges in climate change science and the role of computing at the extreme scale, November 6-7, 2008, in Bethesda, Maryland. At the workshop, participants identified the scientific challenges facing the field of climate science and outlined the research directions of highest priority that should be pursued to meet these challenges. Representatives from the national and international climate change research community as well as representatives from the high-performance computing community attended the workshop. This group represented a broad mix of expertise. Of the 99 participants, 6 were from international institutions. Before the workshop, each of the four panels prepared a white paper, which provided the starting place for the workshop discussions. These four panels of workshop attendees devoted to their efforts the following themes: Model Development and Integrated Assessment; Algorithms and Computational Environment; Decadal Predictability and Prediction; Data, Visualization, and Computing Productivity. The recommendations of the panels are summarized in the body of this report.


Using the recent experimental data on the left right asymmetry in fragmentation of transversely polarized quarks and the theoretical calculation of the proton transver-sity distribution in the effective chiral quark soliton model we explain the azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive hadron production on longitudinally (HERMES) and transversely (SMC) polarized targets with no free parameters. On this basis we state that the proton transversity distribution could be successfully measured in future DIS experiments with longitudinally polarized target.


This study focuses on earnings management by investigating the frequency distribution of the reported earnings (changes) by use of the approach documented by Burgstahler & Dichev (1997). In this study, it is investigated whether Danish firms use earnings management to avoid earnings decreases (and losses) by examining the earnings (changes) frequency distribution. This approach captures neither the magnitude nor how earnings are managed. Consequently, the relation between main "manageable" elements of working capital, current assets (among these the key components inventory and accounts receivable) and current liabilities, and reported earnings (changes) is examined. To address the problem further the modified Jones (1991) model is used to identify and separate discretionary accruals in orderto identify pre-managed earnings (changes). The frequency distribution of these calculated pre-managed earnings and the reported earnings are then compared. The paper contributes to the literature on earnings management in three ways: a) by investigating the frequency distribution of earnings (changes) in a small non-US country, b) by comparing the irregularities in the frequency distribution with two specific "manageable" current asset accounts, and c) by using the well known Jones model to "identify" the pre-managed earnings in order to compare these pre-managed earnings with the reported earnings. It is shown that the combination of the research of earnings management based on studies of irregularities in the earnings frequency distribution and studies of discretionary accruals can be a powerful approach to examining the existence of earnings management. The results in the paper support two aspects with respect to earnings management. First: also Danish firm managers engage in earnings management to avoid earnings decreases (and losses); and second: firm managers control "manageable" accounting accruals in anticipation of managing earnings.


On 28 March 1912 Captain Robert Falcon Scott made his final diary entry, and perished in the bitter knowledge that Captain Roald Amundsen had won first honour at the South Pole. In The Times on 9 May cricket-playing Britons could read that Amundsen 'may not have played the game.' That November, while a search expedition was making its grisly find to wrest victory for British honour from Scotf s defeat, Lord Curzon at a Royal Geographic Society dinner in London accorded Amundsen grudging recog nition, hinting at the foreigner's deplorable sportsmanship because he ate his dogs. Unspoken was the presumption that no decent fox-hunting gentle man, let alone an officer of the Royal Navy, would dine so indecorously. (In that centenary year of Napoleon's Russian adventure, the deaths of Scott and his little band perhaps would have reminded the foreigner Joseph Conrad of the Grande Armee's defeat by cold and starvation, another sacrifice to the cult of imperial glory, on a vaster scale.) When, on 10 February the following year, The Times carried the tragic news of Scott's raw heroism, months of foreboding ended in a national feast of sweet mourning. (British only by adoption, Joseph Conrad might have reflected that 1913 was also the centenary of another imperial dream's end at Leipzig, with the decimation of the Polish corps, the heroic death of its commander Prince Josef Poniatowski, and Napoleon's immin ent exile to Elba.) When in 1909 Captain Scott had announced his polar expedition, Conrad, who wasn't keen on adventurers or empires, might also have re flected wryly that it was the centenary year of impossible odds, when Poles stood with the French against the Austrians in the marshes of Raszyn. Unlike Scott, two thousand Poles were spared knowledge of their defeat before they died. Anyway, Conrad's former countrymen differed in outlook from the British who were conditioned by the successes of Empire; they were inured to failure, yet offered themselves without 'going in to win.'


Background: Gallstone disease constitutes a significant health problem in developed countries. While it was thought to be uncommon in Africa, it currently seems that the disease is more frequently seen than expected. The magnitude of gallstone disease is not well studied in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of the problem as seen in Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekelle. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during the period January 1, 2010 - December 31, 2013 at the Department of Surgery, Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Data was obtained from chart records using a pretested structured questionnaire developed for the purposes of the study. Results: A total of 225 patients were included in the study. The age group 30-49 years comprised one-half of the patients and over two-thirds (71.6%) of the patients were female. Abdominal pain was the predominant complaint, including right upper quadrant pain (74.7%), epigastric pain (20%), and left upper quadrant pain (4.9%). About one-third (34.7%) had radiation of the pain to the back and 15.6% to the shoulders. Fatty meal was identified as an exacerbating factor in 62.2% of the patients. One hundred and eighty-four patients were operated on; laparoscopy was done in 30.2%, and open cholecystectomy in 51.6%. Only two patients had a complicated immediate post-operative course. Conclusion: This hospital based study result suggests that gallstone disease is not uncommon in the northern part of Ethiopia. The pattern and clinical profile of the disease is not different from what has been reported from other parts of Ethiopia and the rest of Africa. Well-designed epidemiological studies are required to determine the risk factors, the types of stones, the diagnostic value of radiological examination and the efficacy of laparoscopic management of gallstone disease. Key words: Gallstone disease; Magnitude, Ethiopia


Farey sequence is a pattern of rational numbers that approximates irrational numbers. In this paper, we use the Farey sequence to describe the Ford Circles. Its results and applications are equally fascinating as its pattern. Hurwitz Theorem is the main outcome of the approximation of irrational by rational numbers. Also, we examine the relationship between the Ford circle and the Farey sequence for rational values between 0 and 1.


BACKGROUND Optimum excision margins used in the removal of intermediate thickness melanomas remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study's aim was to compare the clinical outcomes of 1-cm margins with 2-cm margins in patients with a tumor thickness of 1.1- to 4.0-mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study, which was based on a matched-pairs design. Equal patient cohorts were constructed in terms of gender, age, Breslow thickness, and the anatomic location of the primary lesion. There were 80 patients whom underwent an excision with a 1-cm margin and 80 patients with a 2-cm margin. Follow-up data were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox regression model. RESULTS After a median follow-up time of 41 months, there were no differences in relapse-free survival or melanoma-specific survival between study groups. The wound was closed directly in 62 patients (78%) in the 1-cm group and in 36 patients (45%) in the 2-cm group (p < .001). CONCLUSION A 1-cm excision margin may be sufficient in melanomas of 1.1 to 2.0 mm in Breslow thickness based on these findings of low recurrence. With thicker tumors (2.1–4.0 mm), this recommendation cannot be given due to inherent study limitations.


This study analyzed the relationships among transformational leadership, trust, and dance flow in university dance students. The subject was a population of 250 university dance students during the period of time March 4, 2013 to May 16, 2013. The data on 225 students used for actual analyses processed with SPSS 18.0. The results of the analysis were as follows: First, transformational leadership had positive effects on trust. Second, trust had positive effects on dance flow. Third, transformational leadership had positive effects on dance flow.


Low-cost, intelligence and short development cycle has become its trend of small satellites. A hybrid on-board avionics topology based on CAN bus and router was proposed. The telemetry was collected by On-Board Computer (OBC) via CAN bus, while the router integrated RS422, LVDS, Ethernet, Camera Link and TLK2711 interfaces, which support data rate varying from 1Mbps to 10Gbps and usually used by payloads, so it makes regular payloads integrated into the avionics much easier. The OBC used the PowerPC MPC8548 processor, which run at 1GHz. Plug and play mechanism was adopted to make the OBC recognize the devices dynamically when they powered on, which accelerated the system integration; furthermore, the software modules were also allowed to install or uninstall dynamically on-line for flexibility. For the modular and various interfaces supported, payload modules such as GNSS-R receiver, ADS-B receiver and camera electronics was easily integrated into the avionics box, so the signaling were transferred via the backplane instead of cables.


This paper focuses on information structure in the speech of individuals with schizophrenia, according to the theoretical framework found in the Language into Act Theory. A specific textual structure, called stanza, and its informational complexity, have been compared using two corpora: the C-ORAL-ESQ for pathological speech, and the C-ORAL-BRASIL for non-pathological speech. Firstly, we briefly explain the theory and the concept of stanza. Then, we explain in depth the methodology adopted for comparing pathological and non-pathological speech, using the two corpora. Additionally, we discuss the results found, part of which have statistical significance. Finally, we propose a first explanation of the results, focusing on cognitive and prosodic aspects that could provide insights for further research.


Dry etching with: a chamber (18); a substrate (1), which is arranged inside the chamber (18); and a plate (14) having a plurality of opening portions (15) and is adapted to cover the substrate (1), wherein the plate (14) is arranged such that, while covering the substrate (1), a distance (D) between the substrate (1) opposite surface and the substrate (1) in a peripheral portion is smaller than a distance ( D) between (the substrate 1) opposite surface and the substrate (1) in a central portion, and the plate (14) has a projecting side wall (16) which is arranged along the border of the plate (14), wherein the side wall (16) to an electrode (9) within the chamber (18) or to a substrate carrier (13) is applied, on which the substrate (1) is arranged, so that the residuals, which are generated during etching, in a space between the ...


Corona pandemic restricted industrial activity of the country, influenced social activities of people, and changed students' school programs. PM10 and PM2.5 measured in National Air Quality Monitoring Systems were reduced from 36.1 μg/m3 to 34.5 μg/m3, and from 20.3 μg/m3 to 18.5 μg/m3, respectively. In particular, obvious decrease of indoor PM2.5 with high dependency on outdoor air quality was estimated. As a result of precise field tests in 179 classrooms of 53 schools, indoor PM2.5 showed a low average, 23 μg/m3, and PM10 also was lower 33 μg/m3 than before and after the pandemic (51 μg/m3 and 59 μg/m3 respectively). Due to a variety of class work, limited attendance, air purifier operation and frequent window opening, it was not easy to drive a consistent impact of the Corona pandemic at the indoor PM level. Consequently, the indoor and outdoor airborne fine dust concentrations became more similar than normal conditions, and indoor emission amount of PM10 in particular decreased.


The diagnostic process in a patient with early inflammatory back pain suggestive of axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) requires assessment and integration of multiple aspects, including clinical examination, biological measurements and radiologic assessments. Among the physical examination features, alteration of spinal mobility is often observed in ax-SpA. However, whether mobility impairment might really increase diagnostic likelihood, and which of the measurements made have relevant diagnostic value remains unknown.To describe the frequency and severity of mobility impairment in multiple traditional measurements in patients suspect of early ax-SpA at initial assessment time, and to analyze their individual diagnostic performances in reference to usual classification criteria applied after 2 years of follow-up.Data from the DESIR cohort, which included patients aged 18-50 with inflammatory back pain lasting for 3 months to 3 years and a clinical suspicion of ax-SpA diagnosis were used. Baseline measurements of Schober's test (Schober), chest expansion (CEx), lateral spinal flexion (LatSpiFlex), cervical rotation (CervRot) and intermalleolar distance (IntMalDist) collected at baseline were classified according to reference data from the general population adjusted for age and -when appropriate- for height. Cutoffs were defined as above 2.5th, 5th, 10th and 25th percentiles. With ASAS classification for ax-SpA applied at 2 years follow-up visit as external reference, diagnostic performances (Sensitivity [Se], Specificity [Sp], Positive [PPV] and Negative [NPV] Predictive Values) were calculated.Complete data were available for 575 patients (of whom 377 (66%) fulfilled the ASAS criteria at 2 years). Schober, CEx, LatSpiFlex, CervRot and IntMalDist were above 5th percentile in respectively 278 (48%), 82 (14%), 220 (38%) and 93 (16%) patients. None of the measurements showed a clinically relevant compromise between both Se and Sp, but Sp was highest for CEx-most impaired cutoffs (Figure 1). The highest PPV (73.6%) and NPV (39.4%) were observed for LatSpiFlex.Measures of mobility and their levels of impairment do not show sufficient individual diagnostic value for ax-SpA among patients with early inflammatory back pain. However, highest degrees of impairment when compared to general population are more specifically observed in patients finally classified with ax-SpA for CEx, which was –consistently- 1 of the 2 mobility measures that was retained in the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis.Cédric Lukas Speakers bureau: AbbVie; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai;, Consultant of: AbbVie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Janssen; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; UCB; Sanofi;, Grant/research support from: Pfizer: Novartis, Gisèle Khoury Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Maria-Antonietta d'Agostino: None declared., Bernard Combe Speakers bureau: AbbVie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gilead; Janssen; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; and Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gilead; Janssen; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche-Chugai, Jacques Morel Speakers bureau: AbbVie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gilead; Janssen; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; and Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gilead; Janssen; Lilly; Merck; Novartis; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche-Chugai.


In this article, the personality and activities of the image of Khoja Nasriddin Afandi, who became the hero of the Uzbek people's laughter culture, are revealed on the basis of the analysis of sources and literature. In the history of the spirituality of the peoples of the East, the unprecedented high development of literature, art, science, philosophy and thinking, there is a special role of the image of Nasriddin Afandi. In the colloquial speech of the people of this space, where memory capacity, soul memory are high, we can listen to the colors of Nasriddin Afandi and the anecdotes associated with him. Who is the master of Khoja Nasriddin Afandi has historical documents on his personality and his? We are thinking about publications about Nasriddin Afandi.


Abstract : This report summarizes the archeological resources presently identified on the installation, the culture history of the area that provides a context for the interpretation and evaluation of those resources, an assessment of the total archeological resource base likely to be found on installation lands, and recommendations for the future management of those resources within the overall context of DARCOM missions and public responsibilities.


— The Authors report a case of renal tumorectomy by retroperitoneal laparoscopy in incidental left renal cell carcinoma with a diameter of 2.2 cm.


This article describes the development and implementation of a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of model data exchanges between Systems Engineering tools. The context of the work is the SEDRES (System Engineering Data Representation and Exchange Standardization) project. This is a European initiative toward the development of a standardized data exchange capability. The paper addresses the issues of the use of this capability, and its potential influence on the System Engineering process. It describes the development of the evaluation framework and methods that were tested and refined for the SEDRES model data exchange context. Results that demonstrate the potential benefits of adopting the standards-based approach are described and a number of issues relevant to its applicability in the support of integrated product teams are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 4: 13–23, 2001


ly, the surplus of which is appropriated not by the worker but by the capitalist. So for the ―investor,‖ this takes on the appearance of money making money! How magical! 166 From this perspective, the value of the materials which are gathered and worked so as to enter into the final product also reduce to the value of the labor-power needed to acquire and prepare them.


Human asthma represents a wide spectrum of pathologies that likely arise through distinct molecular pathways, and a major therapeutic goal is to target individual therapies to specific forms, or endotypes, of this disease. Here we studied the role of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc), an alarmin which we found to be released into the airways of allergen-sensitized mice upon their subsequent challenge with allergen. UDP-Glc signals through the purinergic receptor, P2Y14R, and mice lacking this receptor display marked attenuation of both eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a protease model of allergic asthma. By contrast, these features of asthma were similar in wild type and P2ry14-deficient mice in a TLR-ligand model of asthma, indicating an endotype-specific role for UDP-Glc and P2Y14R. Importantly, administrationof PPTN, a small molecule antagonist of P2Y14R, also led to reduction of airway inflammation and AHR in the protease mediated asthma. Although its mechanism of action remains unclear, P2ry14 was most highly expressed in recruited eosinophils and neutrophils, suggesting UDP-Glc acts directly on these cells. Our current findings suggest that antagonists of P2Y14R might be selectively used to control asthma exacerbations in specific forms of human asthma.


Supramolecular chemistry is expected to keep a high developing pace in the next years, giving support to the advancement of molecular devices and nanotechnology. In this sense, porphyrins and their analogues should play a significant role as a consequence of their catalytic, electrocatalytic, photochemical and photoelectrochemical properties. In this review we focused on our own strategy based on coordination chemistry for the design and build-up of supermolecules and supramolecular structures constituted by polynuclear porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. Included are also their properties and potential applications.


The manifestation of this project starts with the idea of reclaiming undefined spaces around the Berlin S-bahn network. The potentials for intervention of urban spaces along the ring are enormous as they are well connected to the rest of the city. Demand for sustainable food is on a rapid rise in Germany, and organic food producers are unable to keep up with the increasing demand. In Berlin, food travels an approximate half of the city's length before it reaches the consumers, contributing greatly to thousands of food miles. This fact sparks a number of design notions of the possibility to plant food within the confinements of the city to supply the need of the urban populace and beyond. The chosen site for this proposal is between two stations, Westhafen and Beusselstrasse, strategically located along the river and Tegal airport further enables it to be an important transit and epicentre for future expansion that link the whole of the SBahn ring. The preference towards this type of food production is new and could be accepted as more Berliners opt for organic and locally-produced food. The mechanism of plot ownership leads back to the traditional allotment gardens owned by the city dwellers.


The study was aim to adopt an appropriate intervention techniques that would help to address violence, disagreement between various group in the society with view of providing solution to such problems with out more danger of lost of lives or property. Many instance has happen in Nigeria where elite misguided the youth for selfish interest inline with their ethnic or religious difference which has brought the county under situation of hate-rage and mistrust among citizen of the same Nigeria, something must be done to address this abnormality for the country continue to move as prosperous Nation. We don't have any other country than Nigeria the future of this country would be keep in the hands of younger generation of Nigeria whose can look at the entire country as one family and make the sacrifice to love one another despite our difference let our difference be a yard stick for unification not disintegration, Allah created us differently but from what ever religion belong we must learn how to live in peace and harmony with one another let us be a brother's keepers so that the country can move further.


The relative efficiencies of four methods to extract viral RNA from individual dengue‐2 virus (D‐2V)‐infected mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), were compared. The most efficient of these methods was then used to extract viral RNA for the preparation of cDNA from the abdomens of six engorged D‐2V‐infected mosquitoes and sera from three dengue fever (DF) patients collected in an isolated rural town in Colombia. Comparisons of viral envelope (E) gene sequences from each of these strongly suggested that the D‐2V population which circulated in this study area was a homogeneous genotype which was unrelated to any of the D‐2 viruses isolated from elsewhere in the world. When coupled with our rapid method to identify viruses in individual mosquitoes ( Romero‐Vivas et al. (1998) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 12, 101–105), the methodology we describe should be useful for epidemiological and surveillance studies of dengue viruses and other arboviruses.


A few xenoliths of high-Mg granitoids occur in the Archaean granodiorite and granite of Eastern Dharwar craton. They are composed of quartz, plagioclase, K-Feldspar, clinopyroxene, biotite, ore and occasionally orthopyroxene. They show wide variation in silica content from 61.4 to 73 wt.%. The Mg-Numbers in the units which contain 61.4 to 63.5 wt.% silica vary from 0.44 to 0.57; in the Total Alkalis-Silica diagram, these units plot in the fields of andesite, dacite and trachy-dacite, and in the QAP diagram they show quartz-Monzodiorite composition. In the units which contain >65 wt.% silica, the Mg-Numbers range from 0.43 to 0.51 and, in the normative Ab-An-Or diagram, they show granodiorite and tonalite compositions. These high-Mg granitoids show enrichment of Ba and Cr, and their chondrite-Normalised REE patterns display moderate slopes indicating LREE enrichment and HREE depletion. Quartz-Monzodiorite reveals sanukitoidal geochemistry and it is likely to have been derived from a source which is LREE-Rich and having high Mg-Number such as the products of mantle peridotite. Fractional crystallisation of sanukitoid would have generated high-Mg granodiorite and tonalite.


ago. It exemplified " Bright's wonderful power of observation and description, his wide reading, his accuracy, as is shown by the tables, maps and appendices, and his artistic ability, for it is illustrated by beautiful engravings from sketches by himself."2 Returning to London, Bright was appointed assistant physician to Guy's Hospital in 1820, and full physician in 1824, resigning in 1843. He was elected F.R.C.P. in 1832, and, on the I ~~~~~~~~~~accessionof Queeni Victoria in 1837, was appointed her I Physician Extraordinary. His first description of chronic nephritis was given in Vol.1 of his Reports of Medical Cases, 1827, and a more extensive account appeared in Guy's Hospital Reports in 1 83 6. Sir William HaleWhite' has published a description of these writings, including a condensed version of the 1836 paper,o they have also been reprinted under the editorship of A. A. Osman.3 Vol. 2 of the Reports of Medical Cases appeared in two parts in 1831. It is devoted to diseases of the brain and nervous system. Hale White' has also reminded us of Bright's important writings on subjects other thanm renal disease. These include spastic parapInegia epilepsy, localization of cerebral function, aphasia, glycosuria and pancreatic disease, cirrhosis of the liver, acute yellow atrophy, diaphragmatic hernia, chronic peritonitis, Addison's disease, appendicitis, the administration of oxygen, heart block, and the lungs in whooping-cough. His description of unilateral (Jacksonian) epilepsy preceded the more important account given by Hughlings Jackson in 1863. He was the first to describe Addison's disease, but he did not connect the symptoms with disease of the adrenals. In 1836-9 he collaborated with Thomas Addison in writing Elements of the Practice of Medicine, vol. 1. No second volume appeared, and the first, now a rarity, contains what is probably the first accurate account of appendicitis. Bright's death, which occurred at his house in Savile Row, was due to aortic disease. He was twice married. His first wife was the daughter of William Babington, M.D., another illustrious physician of Guy's Hospital.


Adolescent medicine is getting older with the first modern text on adolescence published over 100 years ago (1). This journal is also getting older and twenty years have passed since Emanuel Chigier in 1985 decided to start this important international project with the help of publisher Haim Freund, who has supported our journal through thick and thin over these many years. Looking at some of the earlier published issues from the 1980s it can be seen that the topics are still relevant. Adolescent health related topics such as: chronic illness, health problems, immigration, dental health, sexuality, mental health, and suicide are still with us and part of the health problems for the physician and allied professional working with adolescents. We believe there is a need for an excellent international journal concerning the problems of adolescence on a multidisciplinary level and hope the next twenty years will be productive with relevant and state of the art papers serving the community of health professions working with this population. Physical fitness and well-being should be important parts of adolescence, but the last several decades have been characterized with an increase in obesity and increased in-activity during adolescence, which was the reason for us to focus on physical activity for this special issue. .Joav Merrick, MD, DMSc, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Office of the Medical Director, Division for Mental Retardation, Ministry of Social Affairs, Box 1260, IL91012 Jerusalem, Zusman Child Development Center, Division of Pediatrics and Community Health, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel. E-mail: jmerrickCcbint ernet-zahav.net. Website: www.nichd-israel. com


Food as a Motive Power.?A very suggestive article on this subject appears in the Quarterly Journal of Science for July. It is from the pen of Mr. C. W. Heaton, the lecturer on Chemistry at Charing Cross Hospital, London. The author reviews very carefully the theories of Liebig and Fratikland, and discards both of them as insufficient to explain all muscular power. Looking upon Mayer's view, that the decomposition of all bodies in the blood and tissue gives rise to lieat as the most correct one, he extends it by supposing in addition that the blood currents develope electric currents, and thus add-to the existing sources of muscular power. This hypothesis, however, is not quite novel. Dr. C. B. Radcliffe has already shewn that muscular action is due to electric discharge, and Dr. B. W. Richardson has suggested that the friction of the blood in passing along the vessels, may give rise to electricity. Thus it seems that Mr. Heaton's theory is a combination of two previously existing views.


Habit is often treated as a construct of marginal interest in the literature on attitude–behaviour relations. We argue that this is undeserved, particularly given the current interest in principles of automaticity in social psychology. Basic features of habits, such as goal-directed automaticity, their dependency on situational constancy, and functionality, as well as the measurement of habit strength, are discussed. Research is reviewed that contrasted habit with deliberate action, as approached from the theory of planned behaviour, spontaneous vs. deliberate attitude–behaviour processes, implementation intention theory, and decision-making models. Habits thus appear as boundary conditions of the validity of models of planned behaviour and rational decision-making. A habit seems to be accompanied by an enduring cognitive orientation, which we refer to as "habitual mind-set", that makes an individual less attentive to new information and courses of action, and thus contributes to the maintenance of habitu...


Reactions between Fe-Zn alloy layer coatings formed on the Fe specimen surface hot-dipped in Zn melt (primary melt) and Zn-Al melt (secondary melt) were investigated. In order to determine the formation mechanism of alloy layer coatings, as dipped coatings containing Zn melt and annealed coatings without Zn melt were dipped into secondary melt, and their microstructures and solute concentration distributions in coatings were compared. Coatings containing Zn melt and Zn-Al melt reacted rapidly because the reactionis controlled by rapid Al and Zn diffusion in Zn melt. Annealed coatings and Zn-Al melt reacted relatively slow because the reaction is controlled by solid diffusion in Fe-Zn alloys in coatings.


The invention belongs to the field of pharmacy, and particularly relates to a maleic acid carbinoxamine crystal form and a preparing method thereof. An X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the maleic acid carbinoxamine crystal form has feature peaks at the following d values: 9.005, 5.768, 5.265, 4.657, 4.401, 4.292, 4.063, 3.920, 3.817, 3.508, 3.343, 3.202, 2.940, 2.831 and 2.490, and an error range of above d values is +/-0.2. The preparing method comprises the following steps of dissolving maleic acid carbinoxamine in an organic solvent, and performing devitrification to obtain the crystal form. The new crystal form is good in stability, and the preparing method is good in controllability, good in repeatability and suitable for scale-pharmacy production.


We have investigated in detail the complex, dynamic local field G(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) of an electron liquid in the quantum versions of the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sj\"olander (STLS) and Vashishta-Singwi (VS) theories. We have worked out the various analytical properties of G(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) and shown that the STLS and VS theories are the high-frequency limits of the quantum cases. Variation of G(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) with \ensuremath{\omega} is found to be rather mild. Interestingly, the static local field G(q,0) exhibits, in the region of metallic densities, a peaked structure around q\ensuremath{\approxeq}2.8${k}_{F}$, in contrast to the monotonically increasing local-field factors of the STLS and VS theories. The height of the peak reaches values greater than 1, which causes the effective particle-hole interaction to become attractive. This gives rise to the possibility of a charge-density-wave instability. We also give a parametric representation of G(q,0), which fulfills exactly the compressibility sum rule.


Aim To study the expression and clinical significance of PTEN/MMAC1 in pulmonary carcinoma. Methods Immunohistolchemical staining was used to detect the expression of PTEN/MMAC1 in 42 cases of lung cancersamples. Results Among these 42 samples, the rates of total expression depletion of SCLC, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 40.48% , 31.58% and 33.33%, respectively. The rates of PTEN/MMAC1 expression depletion of well-differentiated group and poor differentiated group were 13.33% and 72.73% respectively( P 0.01); the rates of depletion of well-differentiated group and poor-differentiated group of squamous cell carcinoma were 12.50% and 66.67%( P 0.05); the rates of depletion of well group and poor group of adenocarcinoma were 14.29% and 80.00% ( P 0.05); The rates of depletion of the two groups of tumor with or without lymph nodes metastases were 50.00% and 25.93% respectively, ( P 0.05). During the clinical stages, the rates of expressing depletion of PTEN/MMAC1 were different significantly and the IIIa stage is relatively high.When the survival time were ≤12 months, 60 months?12 months,or ≥60 months, the rates of depletion of PTEN protein expression were 71.43%, 25.00% and 14.29% respectively; There were significant difference among the three groups ( P 0.05). Conclusion The depletion of the expression of PTEN/MMAC1 at protein level may contribute to prognostic criterion for lung cancer.


The report discusses the features of the long-term trends of the main parameters of the F2 region of the ionosphere in the city of Tomsk. The trends of the critical frequency, depending on the solar activity cycle, have both a positive and a negative trend, the latter predominantly. In this case, the trends of the critical frequency and the effective altitude F2 of the ionosphere region depend, in addition to both the level of solar activity, and the time of day and season of the year.


In this paper we present parallel implementation of genetic algorithm using map/reduce programming paradigm. Hadoop implementation of map/reduce library is used for this purpose. We compare our implementation with implementation presented in [1]. These two implementations are compared in solving One Max (Bit counting) problem. The comparison criteria between implementations are fitness convergence, quality of final solution, algorithm scalability, and cloud resource utilization. Our model for parallelization of genetic algorithm shows better performances and fitness convergence than model presented in [1], but our model has lower quality of solution because of species problem.


We suspend a heavily doped conducting silicon chip by tunnel junctions and aluminum leads, which permits the measurement and control of electrical and phonon heat fluxes. Experiments and analysis on heat conduction and electrical cooling utilize techniques developed for electron pumps and primary thermometry, and the techniques developed for the cooler may also be useful for the development quantum phase slip based devices.


The article discloses the mechanisms for constructing and researching a theoretical and game model of interaction between manufacturers of SLR cameras taking into account demand forecasting. The need for the use of theoretical and game modeling of an advanced level, taking into account the predicted values of demand for mirror photographic equipment, as well as the dynamics of demand for a new photo product, is justified. In order to study the phenomenon of competitive interaction of manufacturers of SLR cameras, a comprehensive application of econometric analysis and theoretical game modeling was implemented. It is noted that this approach can be widely used in the practice of making decisions in the field of the photo industry. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the advanced game model of the choice by the manufacturer of camera equipment of the time of bringing new photo products to the market. In the process of analyzing the game model, maximax criteria, Laplace criterion, Wald criterion, Sevij criterion, Hurwitz criterion and Hodge Lehman criterion are used. Comprehensive analysis of the game model, supplemented by meaningful interpretations, contributes to improving the quality of decisions made in the photographic technology market, including when choosing marketing strategies for the promotion of photographers in the context of mainstreaming the risks of various nature and the limitations of the pandemic.


Conventional low frame rate cameras result in blur and/or aliasing in images while capturing fast dynamic events. Multiple low speed cameras have been used previously with staggered sampling to increase the temporal resolution. However, previous approaches are inefficient: they either use small integration time for each camera which does not provide light benefit, or use large integration time in a way that requires solving a big ill-posed linear system. We propose coded sampling that address these issues: using N cameras it allows N times temporal superresolution while allowing ∼ N/2 times more light compared to an equivalent high speed camera. In addition, it results in a well-posed linear system which can be solved independently for each frame, avoiding reconstruction artifacts and significantly reducing the computational time and memory. Our proposed sampling uses optimal multiplexing code considering additive Gaussian noise to achieve the maximum possible SNR in the recovered video. We show how to implement coded sampling on off-the-shelf machine vision cameras. We also propose a new class of invertible codes that allow continuous blur in captured frames, leading to an easier hardware implementation.


A detailed study of the cellular proliferation kinetics in interfollicular plucked and unplucked mouse skin has been made in Swiss albino mice, using tritiated thymidine autoradiography. Diurnal variations in mitotic and labelling indices were demonstrated in both systems.


The increasing interest in the hypophysis cerebri has resulted in a demand gor a more accurate knowledge of the cytology of this gland during fetal life and infancy. In the White House Conference Report on the Growth and Development of the Child (1) Hoskins states in this connection "that many more autopsy studies, with special attention to cytological technique are needed." In making quantitative cytological studies on normal adult male and female pituitaries, Rasmussen (2, 3) noted a significant difference between the sexes, and concluded that "the next step would be to see at what age period this sex difference arises." The present study was undertaken with this purpose in mind. In addition to establishing a norm, an attempt has been made to correlate the relative percentages of the three cell types with sex, body length, and body weight. There are isolated references in the literature to the fetal and infant pituitary, but to our knowledge no quantitative study of this problem has ever been made. Coop...


During the development of city in recent years,the problem whether the migrant children can incorporate into city or not has become the focus of academia. The paper gives a review on the existing related research,with the finding that most of the research in the past focuses on the related concepts. As for the method,most research adopt qualitative analysis and the quantitative. They pay more attention to the environment and policy of migrant children incorporation,and demands of this group. Nowadays there are still many problems of this proposition need to solve,such as theory,measurement,and the consistent research. The research should start from different perspectives so that we can understand this issue more comprehensive.


The sanitary state of 27 tables routinely used for food preparation was measured by monitoring 10 locations per table by both the rodac plate and swab methods. The total bioburden at each location was determined by taking 5 successive rodac plates or three successive swabs. The study compared their efficiency for estimating the normal bioburden and determined the minimum number of locations required for testing to reliably characterize sanitation. The swab method appeared to recover a higher percentage of the bioburden, but microbial counts by rodac plates were higher than the swab method, probably due to a failure of the cotton fibers to release entrapped organisms. An acceptably low incidence of false positives or negatives is obtained if the maximum count of two randomly obtained rodac plates or swabs per surface does not exceed 150 CFU/25.8 cm2.


The objective of the invention is to accurate detect boundaries between soft tissue and cartilage non-invasively. Echo data for first and second states are acquired (S101 and S102). On the basis of the echo data for the first and second states, echo data for a subchondral bone (911) in the first state and the second state are detected (S103). On the basis of the subchondral bone echo data for the first state and the second state, movement vectors for the subchondral bone echo data are detected (S104). On the basis of the movement vectors, alignment is performed between sample data for comparison of the echo data for the first state and the echo data for the second state (S105). Correlation coefficients for the echo data for the first state and the echo data for the second state, which are to be identical sample positions for comparison by way of alignment, are calculated (S106). Determinations are made of areas of high coefficients as cartilage and areas of low coefficients as soft tissue, and interfaces therebetween are detected (S107).


The case we present here is a man who lives in a dengue-endemic area. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with dengue fever by clinical evaluation and laboratorial confirmation. Subsequently, he presented respiratory symptoms, and a concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was confirmed. He was hospitalized for 17 d and had a satisfactory recovery.


CONTENTS:
New reals: Can live with them, can live without them; Uniform almost everywhere domination; Heredity of tau-pseudocompactness; Understanding preservation theorems: omega^omega-bounding; Classification problems in continuum theory; Residuality of families of F_sigma sets; First countable, countably compact spaces and the continuum hypothesis; Game approach to universally Kuratowski-Ulam spaces; Small Valdivia compact spaces; Canonical forms of Borel functions on the Milliken space; Complete analytic equivalence relations; The Number of Near-Coherence Classes of Ultrafilters is Either Finite or 2^c; The complexity of recursion theoretic games; Cosmic dimension; There is no categorical metric continuum; On a conjecture and a problem of Hurewicz; Problem of the Issue.


A comparison between artist Matthew Barney's use of Harry Houdini as an alter-ego emblematising an imagined escape (of sorts) from normative masculine identity, and Houdini's own complex performance of a masculine embodiment deeply shaped by a modernity that it never escapes for long.


This paper proposes the novel use of feature warping for automatic language identification, in combination with the shifted delta cepstrum (SDC) and perceptual linear predictive coefficients in a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based system. Experimental results on various configurations of front-end techniques reported herein demonstrate that, besides providing robustness against channel mismatch and noise as found in existing literature, feature warping is useful more generally as a technique for pre-mapping data for improved compatibility with a GMM back-end. The configuration reported in this paper provides a language identification performance of 76.4% using the OGI/NIST database, a 46.5% relative reduction in error rate when compared with a benchmark system employing Mel frequency cepstral coefficients and the SDC


In this article, a verifiable vector space secret sharing scheme is proposed in detail. It's security is based on the security of elliptic curve cryptography. This scheme has the following characteristics: The precondition of (t ,n) -threshold secret sharing scheme that all assignees' purview must be same is generalized. A verifiable infrastructure is provided, which can be used to detect the cheaters from dealer and assignees. The shared key distributed by dealer is encrypted based on elliptic curve cryptography, which enhances the security. Meanwhile the length of key of elliptic curve cryptography is much less than RSA cryptography, so the current scheme is of less computation cost and communication cost which is valuable in applications with limited memory, communication bandwidth or computing power


The authors express their gratitude to Gyung Kyu Lee, M.D., Department of Radiology, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Hey Sil Jang, Department of Administration., Myungji Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Shiyi Lui, M.D., Intervention treatment center, Shanghai Saint Luke's Hospital, China, Tong Lin, M.D., Department of Emergency, Shanghai Saint Luke's Hospital, China, Tongfu Yu, M.D., Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China, for their data analysis.


A format is presented for the design of Elm& scanning Radar System WRS). Theoreti@ aod practical des& cmideratiws uniq~ to ESRS are emphasiied. AU introductory discossion of the role electronic tecbdogy plays io fd6hg modern radar reqnirementr is followed by a brief description of the generic types of elwe- available to the radar designer. The system parameters decting hion performance are listed. The wrrespondjng radar fmctiom that me paw larly affected by the ESR selection are delineated, coocluding with a dis- cllssion of the merib of the selection. Major decKious are single or multiple simultaneous beams and narrow, intermediate, or wide bandwidth per- formance capability. Automatic multitarget aquisition logic, computer con- trolled iterative tracking qnatiom, interpolative-null tracking, error budgets, and errors unique to ESRS are topics of discussion. The ESRS design procedure is illustrated with practical examples.


Background : Articaine is an amide local anesthetic agent which differs from other agents of its group due to the presence of a thiophene ring instead of benzene ring, which makes it superior to lidocaine in its biologic profile. Purpose : To evaluate the clinical efficacy, time of onset of anesthesia , duration of action and intra – or postadministration complication of articaine in comparison with lignocaine for bilateral extraction of maxillary first premolars for orthodontic reasons. Material and methods : This study was carried out in 25 patients visiting The Department Of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, AMC Dental College &Hospital, Ahmedabad, needing bilateral extractions of maxillary premolars for orthodontic purposes . A volume of 0.5 – 1 ml of 4% articaine hydrochloride was injected in the buccal vestibule on one side & 1 – 1.5 ml of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride was injected on the other side. After achieving adequate anesthesia , the extraction procedure was carried out under strict aseptic conditions. Results : An onset period of 0.92 ± 0.1872 and 3.12 ± 0.6658 minutes and duration of anesthesia of 62.8 ± 16.5881 and 50.6 ± 5.8310 minutes was found for articaine and lignocaine respectively. Statistically significant difference were noted in pain perception using VAS. Conclusion : Maxillary teeth extraction by conventional method requires local infiltration on both buccal / Labial & palatal Side by lignocaine. Articaine as believed to avoid palatal infiltration due to its better soft tissue & hard tissue penetration which is of great psychological help for patients undergoing maxillary tooth extraction.


This study examines the relative values of controlling and non-controlling interests in a sample of publicly-traded parent-subsidiary pairs. The relative values are found in the empirical relationship between each interest's market value and their share of subsidiary net assets and net income. The evidence suggests that noncontrolling publicly-traded ownership interests trade at a discount relative to controlling ownership interests. Based on the evidence presented in this study, a discount of approximately 13 percent may be an appropriate starting point when valuing minority interests based on net assets. When valuing minority interests based on net income, a 33 percent discount may be appropriate.


High spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) are known to offer capabilities of separating attenuated aerosol and molecular backscattering so that particle extinction and backscattering can be separately retrieved. UV operation provides high energy in eye-safety conditions. Further to that, it could be important for most meteorological or environmental studies to get wind measurements at the same time. LNG is now the only HSR Doppler Lidar (HSRDL) system capable of this. Results obtained during ground-based and airborne measurements show that the backscatter and extinction coefficients at 355 nm can be measured with a relative precision better than 10% (adjusting altitude and time resolution from 60 m to 240 m and 30s to 2mn, respectively) in aerosol layers of 0.5 10−6 m−1 sr−1 backscatter coefficient from ground and aircraft. The same relative precision is obtained in cirrus clouds of a 10−5 m−1 sr−1 backscatter coefficient. The capacity of the system to perform wind velocity measurements has also been demonstrated with precisions in the range of 1 to 2 ms−1 in same conditions. We present the main characteristics and illustrate observational capabilities from ground-based and airborne measurements.


We report the fabrication of long-period gratings (LPGs) in highly birefringent (Hi-Bi) microfibers. The LPGs were fabricated by using a femtosecond infrared laser to modify the surface or a CO2 laser to induce micro-tapers periodically along the Hi-Bi microfibers. These LPGs have pitches from tens to hundreds of micrometers and very strong polarization dependent resonances. A LPG fabricated on a Hi-Bi microfiber with a major-diameter of ~2.8 μm and an ellipticity of ~0.7 demonstrated a refractive index sensitivity of ~4623 nm/RIU in water.


The TE_{11} mode coaxial waveguide or horn radiator provides a natural geometry for multiple frequency confocal feeding of a paraboloid reflector antenna system. Its radiation patterns, however, are generally characterized by unequal E - and H -plane beamwidths and high E -plane sidelobe amplitudes. These characteristics become increasingly more obvious for coaxial radiators designed to illuminate reflector systems requiring feeds with reduced fields of view, such as the symmetrical paraboloid reflector antenna with large focal-length-to-diameter ratio or the offset paraboloid reflector antenna. Left uncorrected, these feed characteristics severely limit the available antenna performance. Incorporation of a radial reactive iris in the aperture plane of a TE_{11} mode coaxial radiator has been found to produce rotationally symmetric pattern characteristics with reduced sidelobe levels. This paper describes an approximate technique for determining the radiation patterns of a TE_{11} mode coaxial radiator with a radial aperture reactance. Experimental results are shown that reveal the pattern improvements predicted by the analysis. A multiple frequency coaxial feed that employs radial aperture reactances is capable of providing the aforementioned reflector systems with a high performance capability.


A transverse flux, PM-exited linear motor (TFM- LM) with inner mover was designed and built. Its output power density is higher and the weight is lower than for the equivalent, conventional PM excited linear synchronous motors (PM LSM). To get the maximum thrust force under the given volume, the thrust force density with respect to the ratio of the slot width and the length of pole pitch is analyzed by 3-dimension finite element method (FEM). Finally, calculated static thrust force matched with the experimental obtained static thrust force. The calculated and measured performance of transverse flux, PM-exited linear motor with inner mover revealed a great potential of system improvements by reducing mass of the linear motor. For examples, when this motor is applied to a ropeless elevator, it is possible to increase the power density by more than 400% than the conventional PM-LSM. The results of this study recommend this type of motor for the ropeless elevator or gearless direct linear driving system.


Objective: The study compares the uses of postnatal care (PNC) and women's autonomy gradients across social caste and used intersectionality concepts to estimate odds ratio of women's autonomy and social caste on complete PNC. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study among 600 women aged 15–49 years who had at least one child younger than the age of 2 years in Morang District, Nepal, was conducted from April to July 2019. PNC, women's autonomy (decision-making power, freedom of movement, and control over finances) and social caste were collected by both methods. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine associations between women's autonomy, social caste, and complete PNC. Results: Complete PNC totaled 13.5% of respondents. About one-fourth of respondents reported poor overall autonomy; however, non-Dalit demonstrated higher autonomy than Dalit. Non-Dalit exhibited greater odds of complete PNC by four times. Women exhibited high women's autonomy in decision-making power, control over finance, and freedom of movement and have greater odds of complete PNC than low autonomy by 17, 3, and 7 times, respectively. Conclusion: The study raises awareness of intersectionality (gender and social caste), relating to maternal health in caste-based system countries. To improve maternal health outcomes, health care personnel should identify and systematically address barriers that women of lower-caste membership face and offer these women appropriate advice or resources to obtain care. A multilevel change program that involves different actors like husbands and community leaders is needed for improving women's autonomy and lessening stigmatized perceptions, attitudes, or practices toward non-Dalit caste-members.


Dynamic domain observations have been made using a high-magnification Kerr microscope in combination with a high-speed light-intensified CMOS camera. Results have demonstrated nonrepeatable domain wall motion in electrical steel and amorphous ribbon at 1- and 50-Hz magnetizing frequencies.


All over the western world, Christmas brings families together to celebrate, worship and indulge in an abundance of eating, drinking and present-giving, yet every country maintains its own traditions. This book presents an international selection of recipes, decorations and customs.


This communication considers the problem of implementing the classical primal simplex algorithm on a parallel computer. The simplex algorithm is sequential in nature but computation within each step can be accelerated using k processors; the speeding up is proportional to k.


Objective: To compare the post-anesthetic awake time after inhaling sevoflurane alone,sevoflurane combined with 60% N2O,and total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Forty-five ASA I-II patients,18~60 year-old,scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into three groups(15 patients in each group).They were anesthetized by inhaled sevoflurane alone(Sevo) or combined with 60% N2O(Sevo+N2O) after anesthetic induction,or by infused with propofol 3 μg·mL-1 and remifentanyl 2~4 ng·mL1 under target control(TIVA).During anesthesia,the fresh gas flow was kept to 2 mL·min-1;the anesthetic-time,operating-time,the maximum and minimum concentration of sevoflurane,MAC and BIS were monitored during operation.After the operation,the awake-time,extubate-time and the time to leave from PACU were also recorded.The patient's postoperative pain was evaluated by VAS.All the side effects including nausea,vomiting and restless were recorded. Results: The awake-time and extubate-time in Sevo+N2O group(8.1±1.7)min and(9.1±1.7)min were significantly shorter than those in Sevo group(10.4±2.6) min and(11.5±3.2)min,P0.05,but similar to those in TIVA group(7.1±1.7) min and(8.3±1.7)min,P0.05.The time of leaving from PACU in Sevo+N2O group(16.6±3.0)min were similar to those in Sevo group(19.3±4.8)min and in TIVA group(13.9±2.8)min.The BIS after awake in Sevo+N2O group(80.8±3.3) was similar to that in Sevo group(80.4±4.8),but a little larger than that in TIVA group(75.7±2.2,P0.01).The VAS in Sevo+N2O group(2.8±0.7) was similar to that in Sevo group(2.9±1.2),but significantly lower than that in TIVA group(5.0±1.5,P0.001).The side effects including nausea,vomiting and sleepy existed in all the groups,but there were no significant differences between these groups.Conclusion: Sevoflurane combined with 60% N2O can provide a good anesthetic effect,rapid awakening and leaving from PACU,and less postoperative pain.


Mesalamine-induced lung toxicity has often been described. We report on a case of a patient who underwent mesalamine treatment, though in the absence of established criteria required for diagnosing Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). He developed an adverse respiratory reaction to the drug, thus definitely proving its lung damaging capacity. The clinical presentation included eosinophilic pleural effusion, a feature never previously described in association with mesalamine intake.


A TEST ROAD CONTAINING 2 CONTROL SECTIONS WITH CONVENTIONAL DESIGN AND 5 SECTIONS WITH DIFFERENT SOIL-CEMENT BASE AND SUBBASE WAS CONSTRUCTED IN JULY 1967. PERFORMANCE OF THE TEST ROAD HAS BEEN EVALUATED BY USING THE BENKELMAN BEAM TEST, PLATE BEARING TEST, ROUGHOMETER TEST, CRACK SURVEY, AND FROST STUDY. RESULTS OBTAINED TO DATE INDICATE THAT THE SOIL- CEMENT PAVEMENT POSSESSES GREATER RIGIDITY BUT DEVELOPS CRACKS; THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE CRACKS INCREASES WITH INCREASING CURING TIME. AN ADDITION OF 1 PERCENT SODIUM SULPHATE SEEMS TO INCREASE THE RATE OF CRACK DEVELOPMENT. CRACKING COULD RESULT IN PAVEMENT SURFACE ROUGHNESS; HOWEVER, NO CONCLUSIVE RESULTS INDICATE THAT CRACKING COULD CAUSE REDUCTION OF PAVEMENT STIFFNESS. /AUTHOR/


It is known that the {gamma}{sub 5} scheme of Breitenlohner and Maison in dimensional regularization requires finite counterterm renormalization to restore gauge symmetry and implementing this finite renormalization in practical calculation is a daunting task even at 1-loop order. In this paper, we show that there is a simple and straightforward method to obtain these finite counterterms by using the rightmost {gamma}{sub 5} scheme in which we move all the {gamma}{sub 5} matrices to the rightmost position before analytically continuing the dimension. For any 1-loop Feynman diagram, the difference between the amplitude regularized in the rightmost {gamma}{sub 5} scheme and the amplitude regularized in the Breitenlohner and Maison scheme can be easily calculated. The differences for all 1-loop diagrams in the chiral Abelian-Higgs gauge theory and in the chiral non-Abelian gauge theory are shown to be the same as the amplitudes due to the finite counterterms that are required to restore gauge symmetry.


Mass motions of a plasma are numerically analyzed for a discharge from a central small screen electrode of circular cross section and two other screen electrodes covering the two ends of a circular tube. In effect, there are two oppositely directed discharges from the central electrode and this simplifies the analysis. Rotational electromagnetic forces cause two large eddies, each with a region of high velocity or a jet on either side of the central electrode. The case is further computed where the plasma is allowed to flow from one end to the other through the tube and the screen electrodes. The plasma entering the end screen electrode flows around the eddy lying between the electrode and the central electrode. This provides a recirculating and confined motion associated with the first discharge. As the plasma flows farther downstream, it is drawn to the axis of the second discharge and becomes a part of its jet.


Organization and developments of clusters in economies of the countries of the European Union (EU) was widely adopted in spite of the fact that approach to a clustering of economy and innovative system in these countries began to be applied later, than in the USA. In the article features of a clustering of economies of certain EU countries are considered and prerequisites of transition to supranational policy of a clustering are revealed.


ABSTRACT Narrative counseling continues to gain attention in the family counseling field as a contemporary method of treatment. Scant attention has been given to the application of narrative counseling in working with gay males. Narrative counseling provides a framework to explore how cultural values, worldviews, power, and privilege influence the stories we live and impact emotional well-being. This article summarizes narrative counseling's major concepts, while concomitantly exploring issues that gay males deal with in relation to Western societal attitudes. A case study is provided to illustrate how narrative counseling may be implemented with this population.


A combination of two topical drugs that have been in use for years triggers a robust immune response against precancerous skin lesions, according to a new study. The research, from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Harvard Medical School, shows that the therapy activates the immune system's T cells, which then attack the abnormal skin cells. Washington University dermatologist Lynn Cornelius, MD, (left) conducts a skin exam with patient Robert Manchester. Manchester is a participant in a clinical trial testing the effectiveness of a new topical immunotherapy against precancerous skin


Four issues are highlighted in relation to the perceived undervaluing of aerial archaeology within the broader discipline of archaeology: potential bias within the methodology of data acquisition; the failure to contextualise aerial discoveries within wider archaeological understanding; the inadequate dissemination of aerial photographic awareness and skills among the wider archaeological community; and the methodological dichotomy between aerial archaeologists and airborne/satellite remote sensing specialists. Suggestions are made as to how each issue may be, or is being, addressed for the benefit of the discipline of archaeology as a whole.


The green emission (g-band) in polyfluorene-based conjugated materials is studied by various spec- troscopic methods on defined poly(9,9 0 -dioctylfluorene) with one foluorenone unit (P20), which can be seen as a model compound for polyfluorene emitting g-band. The absorption and emission properties of P20 in the film and solution (room temperature) reveal the optical properties of the green emission emerging in polyfluorene-type polymer. All the experimental evidence obtained demonstrates that g-band in polyfluorene is attributed to the mono-chain fluo- renone; and the aggregation of the chains further suppresses the blue emission and enhances g-band.


Past research has indicated that self-esteem has multiple dimensions. It has been suggested that defensive high self-esteem makes one vulnerable to ego-threat and might be reflected in discrepancies between peerand self-ratings. The purpose of this study was to observe how selfand peer-rated self-esteem affect cardiovascular reactivity to ego-threatening stressors (cold pressor and toughness-challenging interview) in nineteen military college cadets. High/low groups of self-esteem were formed based on peerand self-ratings. Cadets in the low self-rating group showed evidence of a mixed (myocardial and vascular) response; cadets in the high peer-rating group showed higher myocardial and lower vascular reactivity. Cadets with high peer/low self-ratings (defensive high self-esteem) had a greater blood pressure increase during interview preparation than participants with high peer-/high self-ratings. The present findings suggest that secure high self-esteem, as reflected by agreement between selfand peer-ratings, may be the only way to ensure low vulnerability to stress.


The flow in the rotors of three radial turbines, of differing peak efficiency, is analyzed using a streamline curvature method. The turbine of greatest efficiency is analyzed at both on- and off-design conditions; the other two turbines at the design point only. Comparison is made between the predictions of the calculation and the experimental determination of two features of the flow — the shroud static pressure distribution and the outlet velocity profile. Fair agreement with the shroud pressure is obtained at on-design conditions, but correlation with the exit velocity distribution is poor. Some improvement in the calculation of the exit profile is achieved when the analysis is modifed so as to allow for the experimentally observed angle of deviation at the blade trailing edge. Consideration is given to the ability of the analytical method to discriminate between turbines which prove experimentally to have high or low peak efficiency.Copyright © 1972 by ASME


Traditional Cultural Expressions are creations in the field of art that contain elements of traditional heritage characteristics as a national culture which are shared resources developed and maintained or preserved by certain traditional communities. In Lampung, there are various traditional cultural expressions of Lampung indigenous people that still exist. It needs to be protected due to it has unique characteristics and different from other intellectual works. Based on article 38 of Law No 14 of 2018 on Copyright, the Government of Lampung must protect and prevent unauthorized claims and misappropriation of Lampung Traditional Cultural Expression. Using the socio-legal approach, the reseach aims to examine and analyze kinds of legal protection done by Lampung Government for protecting TCE in Lampung, and the challenges of it.


A graphical system to report EMI scan findings is described. This includes schematic anatomical cross sections corresponding to the middle plane of the standard scans. The findings are graphically ind


During a 10 min labeling period the uterus of the rat accumulates up to 10 × more 3H-uridine when this tracer is injected ip than when it is given sc. Incorporation into the RNA is enhanced by ip administration to an even greater extent than is total uptake. Intraperitoneal administration also greatly increases the variability of tracer uptake by the uterus. Tritium is distributed uniformly in different segments of the uterus after sc injections but is unequally distributed when ip injections are made. Aiming the needle toward one horn of the uterus when giving an ip injection clearly biases tracer distribution on the uterus. When plasma tritium is examined much less radioactivity is associated with uridine 10 min after an ip injection than after a sc injection. The converse is true of the acid-soluble fraction of the uterus (much less tritium is associated with uridine or UMP when the isotope was injected sc). Simultaneous studies with 14C-inulin and 3H-uridine indicate that much of the uridine given by ...


The seasonal chronology of eggs of Culex halifaxii, Cx. fuscanus and their cohabitant Cx. quinquefasciatus were observed from March 1984 to early May 1985 in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. In Okinawajima, egg rafts of Cx. halifaxii and Cx. quinquefasciatus were found throughout the year. The greatest peak in eggs of Cx. halifaxii were observed in early June. The egg rafts of Cx. fuscanus were first collected on June 15, with the greatest peak of oviposition in early November. The egg raft of Cx. fuscanus was larger and both the maximum and mean numbers of eggs per raft were approximately two times greater than those of Cx. halifaxii.


In concrete research centers, the determination of the rheological properties of concrete is becoming a daily business, easy to perform when the proper apparatus (and staff) are available. On the building site, rheometers are still absent, although some portable rheometers have been developed. Instead, the slump (flow) test is the only one performed to characterize the "workability" of the concrete. On the other hand, the rheological properties are very important on site, especially in case of self compacting concrete (SCC), in order to know whether the concrete can provide proper filling of the formwork, which pumping pressures will be needed, how long the concrete can wait before placement, ...
The difference between laboratories and building sites is not only noticeable by the test equipment, there is also another mentality and way of thinking. In a laboratory, the scientist tries to eliminate every disturbing factor as much as possible. On site, workmen prefer to work more easily, and if necessary, they apply some "tools" to ease their jobs, sometimes not being aware of the negative consequences.
Specifically in the domain of rheological characterization of concrete and its application, there is a large difference between lab and building site. In the lab, thorough cleaning of the testing materials is obtained by washing with water, but on site, as the water availability is restricted, releasing agents are applied so that the concrete does not stick to the equipment. Although these releasing agents are applied daily, very few scientific reports have been made on their influence on the rheological properties.
This paper describes the influence of one type of demoulding oil on the rheological properties of SCC. No research has been performed on the causes of the differences between SCC with or without oil, so the only purpose of this paper is to show the resulting differences. Secondly, the results have been obtained in steady state, thixotropy and loss of workability have not been investigated explicitly.


Indapamide (IDP) is a medical substance from the category of diuretics related with tiazides, currently used for the treatment of essential hypertension. A pharmaceutical formulation is considered appropriate when no interactions medicament-excipient or excipient-excipient appears. The aim of this work was to investigate the compatibility of IDP with the pharmaceutical excipients used in slow release tablets preformulations (1.5 mg/cp), by using thermoanalytical techniques (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG)), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal (DSC, TG), XRPD and FTIR methods were employed to evaluate the behaviour of IDP and excipients used in preformulation (lactose monohydrate, hydroxipropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, hypromellose), colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), magnesium stearate), and also of the corresponding indapamide - each excipient alone physical binary mixtures. Thermoanalytical results (DSC and TG) supported as absence of incompatibility between indapamide and excipients in the physical mixtures. XRPD patterns and FTIR spectra sustained these results, because they did not show evidence on interaction in the solid state. Based on the results supplied by DSC/TG, XRPD and FTIR, all the excipients were found to be compatible with IDP, so they can be used in formulation of the slow release tablets.


Financial security lies at the core of national interest. Although it has achieved impressive economic growth for the past more than three decades, China's financial vulnerability is indisputable. There are issues about financial sovereignty and proactive financial security in China's financial sector. As a long-term strategy, proactive financial security calls for the pooling of wisdom from the government, academia and business sector. This article might represent the first ever yet trivial attempt in China to systematically approach financial security and propose countermeasures.


Abstract Some subgroups of automorphisms of Grassmann's algebra and their explicit descriptions are considered. The notion of a graduated determinant is introduced and its properties are investigated.


To the Editor:

The article by Graham et al1 reported an increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in patients studied 2 to 4 days, 3 months, and 6 months after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This protracted sympathetic overactivity did not appear to correlate with arterial blood pressure, ie, with baroreceptor mechanisms, leading the authors to hypothesize that cardiac reflexes might be involved.

An excitatory sympathetic cardio-cardiac reflex elicited by transient coronary occlusion in anesthetized cats was described a long time ago.2 Subsequently, the functional properties of the ventricular sympathetic sensory endings responsive to myocardial ischemia and/or to chemical substances like bradykinin were also detailed.3 Hence, a neural substratum seems to exist that is capable of generating excitatory sympathetic reflexes arising from …


Based on the quantitative monetary theory and reality,this paper intends to discover the source of surplus of balance of payments of China in the long term from the angle of money demand and sterilization policy of central bank of China.The empirical testing shows the self-adjustment mechanism can not rectify the disequilibrium of balance of payments of China.The possible reasons are high income elasticity of money demand and effective monetary sterilization of central bank of China.Finally,some implications are drawn from the test result.


This audit compared direct and indirect assessment methods of identifying psychological distress in 17 burn-injured individuals. Findings suggest that indirect assessment may be preferable and requires less time and fewer resources. However, there was no statistical difference between the two methods.


Light absorption at an indirect-band-gap semiconductor interface is investigated. It is shown that the possibility of nonconservation of electron momentum at the interface significantly enhances absorption in crystallites, which are as small as 30\char21{}50 \AA{}. The essential influence of the interface levels as well as the intervalley electron conversion at the interface on the absorption has been demonstrated.


Report presenting an investigation in the free-flight tunnel to determine the dynamic lateral stability and control characteristics of a high-aspect-ratio bomber model with self-supporting, free-floating fuel tanks attached to the wing tips. The results showed that the flight behavior of the configuration could be made satisfactory when sufficient restoring moment was supplied. Results regarding the flight behavior, rolling motions, motions of the bomber and attached tanks, and flight records for different gearing ratios are provided.


The uncertainty surrounding global warming impacts and solutions requires innovative approaches to creating and implementing new climate protection policies. Since these policies will evolve over time, the most successful climate protection solutions of the future are essentially undetermined. Still, the magnitude of potential climate change impacts on our economies and ecosystems demands that governments begin taking precautionary measures. A policy design that includes periodic opportunities for change offers an alternate path recognizing the need to establish new policies in the near-term that can adapt over time, as uncertainties become certainties. The City of Portland's High Performance Green Building Policy proposes a market-based instrument with the adaptive capacity to maintain environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency and social equity while promoting the rapid emergence of highly energy efficient and carbon-neutral buildings.


Solder joint or board-level reliability is a very important parameter to consider when predicting the overall reliability of cellular phone systems. These predictions are often established by accelerated temperature cycling tests, along with an acceleration factor used in translating the test results to the actual field conditions. There are also a number of advanced theoretical methods to predict board-level reliability. In this study, the solder joint life of a lead-less RF-transistor mounted on a 2-layer PCB was investigated. Although the solder joint reliability of lead-less ceramic chip carriers has been studied for many years, this component is different because the package material is aluminum nitride and almost the entire bottom surface of the package is soldered to the board to achieve good thermal conduction. Also, the field condition is assumed to be somewhat unusual as it is dominated by power cycling.


The effect of carrageenan and KCl on the quality of dairy desserts were investigated according to the size distribution,texture characteristic,microstructrue and syneresis.The results showed that the gel structure was poor with addition of 0.10% carrageenan.With carrageenan more than 0.15%,the gel structure and the hardness were improved,but flocculation of the gel occured according to the particle size and the microstructure.Moreover,addition of KCl was benifit to the gel but high concentration of KCl might induce flocculation,especially when the concentration of carrageenan was 0.20%.According to the texture quality of the dairy desserts,the addition of carrageenan and KCl was 0.15% and 0.01%,respectively.


Internet is the most widespread medium to express our views and ideas and a lucrative platform for delivering the products. For this intention, search engine plays a key role. The information or data about the web pages are stored in an index database of the search engine for use in later queries. Web spam refers to a host of techniques to challenge the ranking algorithms of web search engines and cause them to rank their web pages higher or for some other beneficial purpose. Usually, the web spam is irritating the web surfers and makes disruption. It ruins the quality of the web search engine. So, in this paper, we presented an efficient clustering method to detect the spam web pages effectively and accurately. Also, we employed various validation measures to validate our research work by using the clustering methods. The comparisons between the obtained charts and the validation results clearly explain that the research work we presented produces the better result. Keywords— Web Spam, Clustering, Spam, Search Engine ________________________________________________________*****_____________________________________________________


Climate north of the Atlas Mountain belt in NW Africa is dominated by extratropical disturbances. However, climatic controls to the south, where climate transitions from extratropical to tropical regimes, are poorly understood due to a paucity of both instrumental and palaeoclimate data. In this thesis past climate change between the High Atlas Mountains and Sahara Desert is reconstructed using the stable isotopic composition and radiometric dating of speleothems. A high-resolution record from the mid-Holocene and a discontinuous record covering the past 400,000 years are developed. Supplemented by U-Th dating of a further four samples, these records indicate increased humidity in this area concomitant with the wider African Humid Period, and indicate a link between the West African Monsoon and humidity north of 30°N. Reconstructed glacial-interglacial scale increases in humidity overlap with "green Sahara" conditions and evidence a recurrent humid corridor connecting NW Africa and the central Sahara that is highly relevant to discussions of prehistoric human migrations. Evidence for a strong influence of high-latitude and solar forcing on decadal to millennial time- scales in this area is also presented. Further to this work, the potential of cadmium-to-calcite ratios as a novel proxy for palaeo-hydrology is confirmed using an annually-resolved trace element, stable isotope and calcite fabric dataset from a North Moroccan stalagmite. The first measurements of cadmium-to-calcite ratios in natural speleothem are here presented, and the palaeoclimatic significance and potential of this proxy for aiding the quantitative reconstruction of changes in calcite precipitation behaviour are demonstrated.


Peptide materials based on the aggregation of polyphenylalanine conjugates containing gadolinium complexes and acting as potential contrast agents (CAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are described. Monomers contain two (F2) or four (F4) phenylalanine residues for self‐assembly, a chelating agent, 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐N,N,N,N‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), for achieving gadolinium coordination, and ethoxylic linkers at two (L2) or six (L6) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units between the chelating group and the peptide region. Both DOTA and DTPA tetraphenylalanine derivatives, and their gadolinium complexes DOTA(Gd)‐L6‐F4 and DTPA(Gd)‐L6‐F4, are able to self‐aggregate at very low concentration. Structural characterization, obtained by circular dichroism and infrared measurements, confirms the amyloid type fibril formation in which an antiparallel peptide alignment is preferred. Amyloid type fibril formation is also observed, in solid state, by transmission electron microscopy images and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The relaxivity values of DOTA(Gd)‐L6‐F4 and DTPA(Gd)‐L6‐F4 and their ability to enhance the MRI cellular response on the J774A.1 mouse macrophages cell line indicate that these peptide materials are promising candidate as a new class of supramolecular gadolinium based MRI contrast agents.


Microbial fuel cell has been considered a new emerging technology for renewable and sustainable electricity production. The energy can be extracted from organic waste materials which time independently increase in mass. In the present study, it was demonstrated that lignocellulosic material such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) can be used to produce electricity. Clostridium cellulolyticum and Bacilli E1 were used to activate EFB degradation and electricity generation respectively.  It was also demonstrated that the present EFB based MFC was affected in terms of power produced with much higher power was obtained at 37.5 ℃ with power value of 825 ± 3.08 mW/m2 compared to 25 and 50 ℃, which produced 756 ± 1.14 mW/m2 and 345 ± 1.78 mW/m2. At elevated temperature (50 ℃) showed decrease of power density value compared to lower temperature operated MFC, which is believed to be microbial metabolism dependent


In earlier work Aloe Vera has been reviewed as a Traditional Phyto-Medicine ( A Therapeutic Review on Aloe Vera - A Traditional Phytomedicine ) ,( J. Inst.of Chemists ( India ) ,2013 , p-95-96 ,)It has the medicinal effect on burnt, wound on skin ie a rejuvenating phyto-chemicals . It is generally formulated with Vit -E as cream / ointment on application . This formulation is also known as ALOE- E formulation .


Periarthritis, or capsulitis, of the shoulder is characterized by severe pain and progressive limitation of movement of unknown cause. In most cases the symptoms increasingly dominate the patient's activities and interfere with his sleep for many months. The pain and spasm gradually abate and the shoulder becomes stiff (frozen shoulder). Movement usually recovers slowly until full function is regained with either a normal range of movement or limitation so trivial as to cause no functional disability. This paper presents the results obtained by injecting hydrocortisone into the shoulder-joint while manipulation was being carried out under anaesthesia during the irritable and painful stage. These results are compared with those obtained by oral cortisone in one group, and in some respects with those following palliative physiotherapy, rest, and occasional late manipulation in another group. Consideration of the results of any form of treatment in periarthritis demands accurate diagnosis and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Precise diagnosis is necessary because shoulder pain may be due to a number of causes within and without the joint of varying severity and prognosis. A knowledge of the average time between onset and recovery is of outstanding importance if the effects of treatment are to be assessed in a disease which usually resolves spontaneously.


We discuss the performances of a set of four microwave radiometers during a field experiment, with an emphasis on calibration and achievable accuracy. A comparison between two alternative tip curve calibration procedures has been carried out. Additional results from reference load cryogenic tests and from brightness temperature cross-comparison are shown. Also, we compare radiometric measurements with radiosonde observations and we demonstrate the improvements achieved by the new Vaisala sensors to reduce or eliminate the "dry bias" problem.


Abstract. Two finite element formulations for the lower bound limit analysis of reinforced soil structures in plane strain are described. The material idealization is based on the idea that,from a macroscopic point of view, reinforced soil can be treated as a homogeneous material with anisotropic properties. The overall behavior of the reinforced soil is controlled by the mechanical properties of the soil and the reinforcement, as well as their relative proportions and geometrical arrangement. One element satisfies the equilibrium equation, for a constant body force, and the mechanical boundary condition, for prescribed traction with linearly distributed components, in a strict pointwise sense. The other element satisfies the equilibrium equation and the mechanical boundary condition only in a weak sense. The equilibrium equation, the mechanical boundary condition and the linearized yield criterion, expressed in terms of nodal stresses, are dealt with as constraints of a linear optimization problem whose objective function is defined by the loading. Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures for computing lower bounds on the collapse load of reinforced soil structures. Keywords: Finite Element, Limit Analysis, Optimization, Reinforced soil


Abstract This article re-assesses the means available for the effective enforcement of human rights in Tanzania based on the valid assumption that the proclamation of human rights in legal instruments, be they at the domestic or international level, is meaningless without the entrenchment of effective enforcement procedures. Particular attention is directed towards the re-examination of the capacity and ability of the courts to meet the challenges posed by human rights and political discourses in their ongoing transformation. The issue is whether they can be said to be adequately providing effective avenues for the promotion, protection and enforcement of human rights.


Active power filter is an important device to eliminate the pollution of harmonics.A new method for random harmonic current detection of hybrid active power filter based on i_p-i_q principle is presented.This method employs added compensatory angle to compensate controller's time delay and realize the real time compensation.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this method has high performance of detecting the harmonics and is easy to implement.


Cracks in rock masses have adverse effects on their mechanical characteristics and the stability of rock mass engineering. For this experiment, uniaxial compression and true triaxial compression unloading tests were conducted on mortar specimens. The strength of the specimens was the lowest when the dip angle of the crack was 45°. Under uniaxial compression, the failure mode was mainly tensile failure. With an increase in the crack dip angle of the specimens, the types of cracks changed from shear to tensile cracks. Under true triaxial compression, the confining pressure considerably increased the strength and deformation characteristics of the specimens and weakened the influence of the crack dip angle on the strength. The failure mode when the crack dip angle was 15° was mainly tensile. The failure mode when the crack dip angles were 45° and 75° was mainly tensile–shear composite. With the increase in the crack dip angle, the failure degree of the specimens was more severe. Under the triaxial unloading confining, the failure mode was mainly shear. Compared with uniaxial compression, the failure degree of the specimens was more severe under true triaxial compression and true triaxial unloading. The innovation of this experiment is the use of a special mold to prepare specimens. We recommend that scholars conduct experimental and numerical simulation studies on different crack geometries.


Energy users may be able to save money and know their energy costs in advance if commodity brokers succeed in tying No. 2 oil contracts to spot and future markets rather than on producer postings. Proponents of the plan point out that other commodities have shifted from posted to pricing contracts based on spot and futures markets and that this strategy can replace regulation with free-market pricing. An active futures market must exist for the plan to work, but supporters feel that hedging will increase competition in the oil industry and eliminate the many of the risks. A lack of liquidity and delivery problems are seen as barriers for heating oil in the futures market, but the large companies are indicating interest. (DCK)


This study examined the prevalence of 10 categories of self-reported childhood adverse experiences in adult Portuguese women and assessed whether these factors were predictive of depressive symptoms and suicide attempts. A total of 225 women completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaire and evaluated the depression subscale of the Brief Symptoms Inventory. Almost 96.0% of the participant women reported being exposed to at least one adverse experience in childhood and adolescence. Linear regression indicated that the total adversity explains 6.6% of the variance in symptoms of depression, whereas logistic regression indicated that the increase in adversity by one point increased the risk of suicide attempts 1,818 times. The results obtained show that exposure to adverse childhood experiences is frequent and that the degree of exposure is a predictor of depressive symptoms and suicide attempts.


Venice continues to hold the western imagination as the supreme embodiment of flow in human settlement. Indeed, in the second volume of The Stones of Venice (1853), John Ruskin (1819-1900) stresses the extremely narrow margins of tidal flux that made the city possible; if the tide been a little stronger, or the water channels deeper, it would have become just another walled city. It is the city's openness to flow and penetration that inform its erotic power. This essay focuses on Ruskin's passionately engaged ''watching'' of Venice's stones, exploring how these themes of flux and flow inform his inimitable vision.


We all know that nursery rhymes are a fun and important part of learning in the early years, but we must make sure that the fingerplays associated with them are not forgotten. Marlene Rattigan explains.


Key points of design and construction scheme to soft foundation are briefly analyzed based on years of experience in the treatment to expressway soft foundation.


This chapter contains sections titled: Sequence Encoding and Output Interpretation, Sequence Correlations and Neural Networks, Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure, Prediction of Signal Peptides and Their Cleavage Sites, Applications for DNA and RNA Nucleotide Sequences, Prediction Performance Evaluation, Different Performance Measures


We identified a general course of classical nova outbursts in the B − V versus U − B color–color diagram. It is reported that novae show spectra similar to those of A–F supergiants near optical light maximum. However, they do not follow the supergiant sequence in the color–color diagram, neither the blackbody nor the main-sequence sequence. Instead, we found that novae evolve along a new sequence in the pre-maximum and near-maximum phases, which we call "the nova-giant sequence." This sequence is parallel to but Δ(U − B) ≈ −0.2 mag bluer than the supergiant sequence. This is because the mass of a nova envelope is much (∼10−4 times) less than that of a normal supergiant. After optical maximum, its color quickly evolves back blueward along the same nova-giant sequence and reaches the point of free–free emission (B − V = −0.03, U − B = −0.97), which coincides with the intersection of the blackbody sequence and the nova-giant sequence, and remains there for a while. Then the color evolves leftward (blueward in B − V but almost constant in U − B), owing mainly to the development of strong emission lines. This is the general course of nova outbursts in the color–color diagram, which was deduced from eight well-observed novae in various speed classes. For a nova with unknown extinction, we can determine a reliable value of the color excess by matching the observed track of the target nova with this general course. This is a new and convenient method for obtaining the color excesses of classical novae. Using this method, we redetermined the color excesses of 20 well-observed novae. The obtained color excesses are in reasonable agreement with the previous results, which in turn support the idea of our general track of nova outbursts. Additionally, we estimated the absolute V magnitudes of about 30 novae using a method for time-stretching nova light curves to analyze the distance-reddening relations of the novae.


Recent papers have demonstrated that the yield stress and the Charpy ductile to brittle transition temperature shift at the high irradiation levels of a fusion power plant may be predicted from measurements at lower irradiation levels using neural networks. It was demonstrated that the extrapolation inherent in such predictions could be validated provided that network complexity was appropriately low. Simultaneous predictions of these metallurgical properties at the 100 dpa irradiation level and 400 °C irradiation temperature of a possible fusion power plant have been made for a series of ferritic/martensitic steels, albeit based on mainly fission data. Together with the readily available one hundred-year activation level, benefit functions are defined which can be used to predict the most suitable alloys for a fusion power plant from within existing databases. Our model is sufficiently flexible to allow a variety of possible benefit functions to be defined. The F82H, Eurofer and LA12 alloy series all receive a favourable rating, although all results presented here must be tempered with caution until more data at relevant irradiation levels and with relevant energy spectra become available.


During the popularizing course of higher education in our country,the digital library provides us the lifelong studying environment,with its rich information contents and convenient service mode.At the same time,the digital library can support various school modes and characteristic study way's realization.Only when the government pays more attention to it,strengthen the digital library's publicity and education can it step out of the difficult position quickly.


Objective To observe the activity of specific transfer factor (STF) in patients with ovary carcinoma on chemotherapy in vivo.Methods The chemotherapy and immunotherapy with STF were used in patients with ovary carcinoma.The lymphocyte transformation assay (LT) and leukocytes adherence inhibition assay (LAI) were used to test lymphocytes and leukocytes of patients with ovary carcinoma.Results The LT rate of 34.1% in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group ( P 0 01).The LAI rate of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group ( P 0 05).Conclusion STF obtained from goat promoted the LT rate and LAI rate of patients with ovary carcinoma on chemotherapy after operation in vivo.