Abstract This paper offers a response to Hegel's critique of Hinduism as explicated by Jon Stewart, by drawing on a variety of textual sources which are normative for Hinduism. In a first section, Hegel's idea that the Hindu conception of the divine is too abstract to provide meaningful content is challenged by explicating the role of the Veda in Hinduism. A second section seeks to question the idea that the kind of naturalism available in Hinduism is necessarily incompatible with subjective freedom in the way that Hegel suggests. A third section engages with the specific empirical question regarding the subjective freedom of women in Hindu society which Hegel provides as one practical illustration of the lack of subjective freedom. Rather than providing a definitive rebuttal, the evidence adduced on all these points suggests a more heterogeneous picture of Hinduism than that which Hegel was able to provide.


The paper presents the results of taxonomic analysis of the mycobiota of the cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Sterlitamak, Salavat, Ishimbay and Birsk). As a result of the study, 229 species of macromycete fungi belonging to two departments were identified (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), three classes (Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes and Agaricomycetes), 15 orders, 56 families, and 93 genera. The composition of the leading families of residential mycobiota is generally typical of the temperate zone of the Holarctic Kingdom. The dominant family is Russulaceae, which indicates the boreal and immoral features of mycobiota. Ecological and trophic analysis showed that the group of saprotrophs is the most numerous (135 species, 58.95% of the total number). A group of symbiotrophs, including ectotrophic mycorrhizators (90, 39.3%) takes the second place. The smallest group contains representatives from the group of parasites (4, 1.75%).


Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) modulates intracellular activation via the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) (1). RNAi suppresses gene expression through degradation of a specific, targeted mRNA, which leads to gene silencing. siRNA is a 21-23 nucleotide (nt) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with symmetric 2-3nt 3' overhangs and 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl groups so that it is recognized by an RNAse III enzyme (2). In general, intracellular siRNA undergoes 5'-phosphorylation to unwind the RNA duplex, followed by association with RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) (1). Then the activated RISC and the unwound anti-sense strand of the siRNA interact with the mRNA target to generate single site-specific cleavage at the mRNA target. The efficiency of gene silencing primarily relies on the optimal incorporation of siRNA into RISC and its stability in RISC, as well as a perfect complementary base pairing with the mRNA target (3). Mismatches can abolish the target degradation, the mRNA cleavage, and the RISC turnover. The high specificity in gene silencing makes siRNA a popular research tool for various gene-inactivation studies such as differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis (3). siRNA is also used in therapeutic applications to identify drug targets and to characterize gene functions in vivo without the use of gene knockout mice (4). Formulation of siRNAs with compounds to promote transit across cell membranes is being developed to address the major challenge of cellular delivery of siRNAs (5). Several imaging modalities have been used for localized in vivo delivery of siRNA (6).Survivin is a small protein (142 amino acids, 16.5 kDa) that belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family (7). This type of protein can effectively suppress apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli, including death receptor activation, growth factor withdrawal, ionizing radiation, viral infection, and genotoxic damage. Survivin comprises a single baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domain and an extended COOH-terminal α-helical coiled-coil domain but lacks the RING-finger domain found in the other IAPs. In addition to apoptosis, survivin is involved in many essential cellular functions, such as cell division, cell stress response, and surveillance checkpoints. Survivin is strongly expressed in the majority of human tumor types, including lung, breast, colon, gastric oesophageal, pancreatic, liver, bladder, uterine, and ovarian cancers, large-cell non-Hodgkins lymphomas, leukemias, neuroblastomas, brain tumors, pheochromocytomas, soft tissue sarcomas, melanomas, and other kinds of cancers (8). As a new target in cancer treatment, inhibition of survivin expression can be carried out through the use of anti-sense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, and siRNA (8). Survivin-specified siRNA (siSurvivin) is designed to target the anti-apoptotic gene Birc5 that encodes survivin (9).siSurvivin-crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO)-Cy5.5 (siSurvivin-CLIO-Cy5.5) is a magnetofluorescent nanoparticle used for multimodal imaging of the delivery and silencing of siSurvivin in tumors (6). This agent consists of four components: five siSurvivins to target survivin mRNA, three fluorescence probes (Cy5.5) for optical imaging, four myristoylated polyarginine peptides (MPAP) for mediating transportation to the cytoplasm, and an iron oxide nanoparticle core for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and delivering siSurvivin to tumors. The siSurvivin is linked to the magnetic nanoparticles by a stable thioether bond without compromising silencing efficiency. Cy5.5 is a cyanine dye consisting of two quaternized heteroaromatic bases (A and A') joined by a polymethine chain with five carbons (10), and it is directly bound to the nanoparticles. This dye possesses high quantum yield, good chemical stability, easy conjugation, and high sensitivity (mole extinction coefficient, ~250,000 mol/cm) (11, 12). As a membrane translocation module, MPAP has a hydrophobic 14-carbon moiety of myristic acid (Myr, -C(=O)-(CH2)12-CH3) linked to a polyarginine peptide to generate Myr-Ala-(ARg)7-Cys-CONH2 (13). MPAP can cross the cellular membrane of live cells efficiently and target the cytoplasm without registered toxicity (13). The nanoparticle contains an icosahedral core of superparamagnetic crystalline Fe3O4 (magnetite) that is caged by epichlorohydrin cross-linked dextran and functionalized with amine groups (CLIO-NH2) (14). They have a high magnetic susceptibility to induce a significant magnetization inside a magnetic field. This creates microscopic field gradients that diphase nearby protons and causes a shortening of T2 relaxation times (15). Enhanced permeability and retention effects in tumors and an increased fluid-phase endocytosis in tumor cells result in the accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles in the tumors (6). With the assistance of MPAP, sufficient siSurvivin can be delivered to the tumors. siSurvivin-CLIO-Cy5.5 allows for fine resolution (10–100 μm) and unlimited depth penetration of MRI with the high sensitivity (10-9–10-17 mol/L) and the short acquisition times of optical imaging (6).


This study aims to develop the tasks for 'negotiation discourse' newly introduced into the 2007 Revised Korean Language Education Curriculum. The task for 'negotiation discourse' teaching itself should be a meaningful experience to learners and at the same time, it should be a speech teaching-learning activity for learners to acquire knowledge and strategy on the negotiation discourse. On the basis of this idea, this study draw out three principles from essential characteristics of 'negotiation discourse', 'contradiction of positions', 'duplication of position and interests', 'interdependence of participants'. And each principle should be applied to reflect an actual negotiation context in the Task. Together with this principles, the negotiation discourse Task should consider a level and interest of learners. Thus, this study proposed a task using conflict topics in which the life of learners was involved.


Civil engineering major is a practical engineering discipline. As the teaching and practice are out of touch, traditional teaching ways can't meet the needs of the moment. Considering the development of BIM technology, the author and the research group adjust civil engineering teaching system and propose the establishment of BIM professional teaching platform. Furthermore, the group explores the reform ideas and the educational reform preparation.


Kidney stones occur in different parts of the urinary system, extending from the kidney to the bladder. Different methods are used in the analysis of stones (kidney stones) formed in the urinary system. Among these methods, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most widely used and preferred method. Mineralogical description of stones in the urinary system is also carried out using this method. There are many factors that lead to the formation of kidney stones. Paramount is the eating habits. However, the climate, diet, pH balance of the body, the chemistry of consumed water, and the chemistry of existing geological structures of human beings are equally important. Urinary stones also known as kidney stones are described as a medical discomfort in the human body and are medically termed "nephrolithiasis" or "urolithiasis". This study was aimed at evaluating mineralogical composition of urinary stones taken from Niğde and its inhabitants by XRD and SEM-EDX methods. The analysis revealed the presence of several minerals such as Vevellite, Calcium-Oxalate, Urusite, Vedellite, Karbonat-apatit, Sutrivite, Vitlokite and Apatit. Vevellite and vedellite minerals are generally crystallized in the monoclinic system and are observed in different forms. Urusite mineral is crystallize in the monoclinic system and is observed in radial, equal fibular and pyrismatic forms.


Abstract In this study, we examine whether directors' and officers' legal liabilities affect their choices of different means of earnings management. We focus on listed firms in Taiwan, where information on directors' and officers' liability insurance is publicly available. Consistent with prior studies, we find that insured firms are more likely to use accrual-based earnings management. However, we demonstrate that the level of overall earnings management is marginally lower for insured firms because they rely less on costly real earnings management. Our findings suggest that carrying directors' and officers' liability insurance may, to some extent, mitigate costs resulting from earnings management.


In this paper, we address the problem of fuzzy rule-based pattern recognition with reject options. These options are made possible thanks to simple rules whose satisfaction level is expressed by the value of dedicated operators that aggregate degrees of typicality. Results obtained with the proposed classifier on articicial and real data are given.


university of toronto quarterly, volume 75, number 1, winter 2006 the world, a theory in which this interrelation necessarily involves a 'sense of space.' For Morris, the perceiving, moving, developing, social, and ethical body is always already involved in a spatial world. Thus he is much less concerned with body-world interrelations regarding our mere existence than with body-world interrelations regarding our various activities in the world, given our existence. When I walk with a friend in the quad, or drive a car on the street, for example, I am operating in specific spatial contexts. Without having become adapted to the features of such contexts – without having internalized them in myself as a perceiving, moving, developing, social, and ethical body – I would not be able to act in them. In contrast to the newborn infant, who is not yet appropriately adapted, in the course of time I have become a driver and a walking friend fitted to the world. Being acting bodies in the world, we have internalized the world. Body and world are 'crossed.' But what is the sense of space involved in our activity? In the empirical tradition, we would argue that space is a perceivable feature of the external world. Immanuel Kant, the father of German Idealism, argued that our experience of the external world is necessarily spatial because of formal contributions made to experience by our own mental faculties. Morris argues that our sense of space is not preconstituted in either of these ways, originating neither 'out there' in the world, nor 'in here' in the mind. Rather, the fundamental crossing of world and body over time develops a sense of space together with the development of perception, motion, sociality, and morality. To elicit the sense of space, its grounds, and its features, Morris makes generous use of analogies, examples, and studies, but the book does meander through some rough country, straining the reader sometimes by failing fully to elaborate the analogies, examples, and studies, and other times by aggregating invented usages in infelicitous phrases. Nevertheless, to the extent that Morris sticks to the interpretation of lived experience, it is difficult to disagree with what he is trying to do. Readers interested in embodiment should find the book interesting. (john duncan)


The present invention provides a rectangular baler (10) having a bale forming chamber (16), formed in the baling chamber (16) to reciprocate the compression piston (62) to form a bale of biomass. Size of a portion of the interior of the bale forming chamber (16) adjustable at least one impact actuator (18) for energizing at least one actuator (18) is controllable. A controller for controlling the energization of the at least one actuator (18) (58) is adapted to at least (10) in accordance with a target pressure mode baler, generating a first control signal (PWMl), according to the baler (10) target force mode, generating a second control signal (the PWM2), and the baler according to (10) of the target weight pattern, generating a third control signal (PWM3). The controller (58) further from the weighting factor applied to at least a first control signal and the weight associated therewith, the weighting factors weighting factor and a second control signal associated therewith, and a third control signal associated therewith, to determine the final control signal (PWMfinal), the final control signal for energizing at least one actuator controlled rectangular baler. By selecting for generating modern, second and third combination signal of the first final control control signal, and a control signal is weighted, the control strategy may be mixed, thereby to provide a process control system has the disadvantage of the case where many alternatives.


Possible mechanisms of gas turbine regenerator fouling are examined and compared with extant experimental evidence. A theoretical model of fouling which encompasses a two-phase process is proposed. It is shown that the controlling mechanism is the condensation of heavy hydrocarbon isomers which form an adhesive coating in which particulate matter subsequently become entrapped. Typical overall heat transfer and pressure drop degradation data are presented which tend to support the proposed model.Copyright © 1967 by ASME


This paper analyzes the ratio of tunneling current for channel doping concentration of sub-10 nm asymmetric double gate(DG) MOSFET. The ratio of tunneling current for off current in subthreshold region increases in the region of channel length of 10 nm below. Even though asymmetric DGMOSFET is developed to reduce short channel effects, the increase of tunneling current in sub-10 nm is inevitable. As the ratio of tunneling current in off current according to channel doping concentration is calculated in this study, the influence of tunneling current to occur in short channel is investigated. To obtain off current to consist of thermionic emission and tunneling current, the analytical potential distribution is obtained using Poisson equation and tunneling current using WKB(Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin). As a result, tunneling current is greatly changed for channel doping concentration in sub-10 nm asymmetric DGMOSFET, specially with parameters of channel length, channel thickness, and top/bottom gate oxide thickness and voltage.


Psychophysics deals basically with how signals are perceived. It is assumed that a signal or stimulus is perceived after it reaches a certain threshold value, called the sensory threshold. Thus, there are two possible states: either a signal is perceived by the neuronal system, or it is not. Fechner deserves most of the credit for the concept of the sensory threshold and for detailing the various techniques for measuring it. A discussion of this cardinal concept may be found in his book Elemente der Psychophysik (1860), although the idea is actually of much earlier origins: Leibnitz and Herbart certainly spoke of it, and indeed it seems to have been considered even by ancient Greek philosophers. Methods for measuring the sensory threshold were known even before Fechner; his contribution was being the first to systematize and perfect them. It is for this reason that his book (Elemente) is considered basic.


The study was carried out for documentation of agrobiodiversity in traditional agroforestry systems in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. A total of nine villages were taken for the study from the different geographical regions and were categorized into three different elevation ranges.The predominant agroforestry systems were found viz. agrisilviculture, agrisilvopastural and silvipastural system. In agrisilviculture system total 30 species were documented. In agrisilvopastural system (home garden) total53 species were documented among them Trichosanthes dioica, Mangifera indica, Vitis vinifera, Emblica officinalis, Carica papaya, Prunus amygdalus, Annona squamosa, Annona reticulate and Artocarpus heterophyllus were newly documented species. In silvipastural system about 27 species of tree, shrub and grass species are documented with livestock unit. In three agroforestry systems some new species were documented due to adaption of changing climate and different traditional farming practices.


This paper studied the generate and application of the renewable energy of the electric car. In the study, it is found that the potential energy generated from the Back EMF voltage of a vehicle's electric motor via heat loss, can be used to recharge the battery and therefore recover energy for higher system efficiency. So that Certain manufacturing processes can be made more efficient in similar ways.


Objective To evaluate a new operative technique for developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).Methods 22 children with DDH were chosen for the new operative procedure of selective deep-acetabulum excavation and Salter method,and the results of them were followed up for 7 ~ 9 years.Results Less time and blood were needed for the new method.Reduction of the femoral head was good.Functional exercise was regained in a shorter time(3 weeks).No stiffen hip and re-dislocation of the operated hip was found,and no necrosis of the femoral head occured.Conclusions The new method for the developmental dysplasia of the hip is simple,with less trauma,little blood loss,less complications after operation,etc.It is a method worthy of popularization in clinic.


The business net receipts tax ("BNRT") is the centerpiece proposal of the Commission on the 21st Century Economy ("Commission"), which California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger charged with making recommendations for changes in the state's tax laws that would, inter alia, "establish [a] 21st century tax structure that fits with [the] state's 21st century economy."' The BNRT, which is intended to replace revenues from the corporate income tax, most of the state portion of the general sales tax, and part of the individual income tax, is advertised as a form of value-added tax ("VAT"). 2 But, unlike the standard credit-method VAT, the BNRT employs the subtraction method to calculate value added. In an attempt to achieve destination-based taxation for multi-state businesses, the BNRT employs a sales-based apportionment formula, rather than


Emotional expressions have been interpreted as a social glue and as a vital foundation for active internet discussions. In this article I will show that emotions have great significance in ordinary religious life and effect a change of religious interpretation in an individual's life in the Conservative Laestadian (CL) revival movement in Finland.  Through content analysis, this article illustrates that emotions as social reactions are constructed in connection with two aspects, religious and the secular. Three different positions of emotional reactions – believers, doubters and surrenderers – were formulated in terms of CL vis-a-vis secular society, everyday religiously motivated choices and the theological tradition of the movement. The findings also illustrate the intersectionality between the concepts "digital", "emotion" and "religion", in which the gendered emotional expressions are constructed.


Abstract

 Titel: Terms of endearment: A study on how strangers are addressed in Northern Ireland and Ireland
Forfattare: Kristina SkagerstromEngelska C, 2009

Antal sidor: 16

Abstract: The ai ...


The effects of three chemicals, propham (Isopropyl carbanilate), chlorpropham (Isopropyl m-chloro-carbanilate), and DNP (2, 4-dinitrophenol) on oxygen uptake, ATP synthesis, cell division and cell cycle distribution in root tips of pea (Pisum sativum L.) 'Alaska' are reported. At the lowest concentration tested for each chemical (chlorpropham, 4.1×10-7 M; DNP, 1×10-6 M; and propham, 1.2×10-6 M) a reduction in the number of cells able to enter into mitosis was observed. DNP and propham induced a small number of abnormal mitoses, but chlorpropham caused a significant percentage of aberrancies (50%). At the higher range of concentrations tested, chlorpropham (4.1×10-4M) induced a similar mitotic inhibition response, but DNP and propham showed differences. Propham (1.2×10-3 M) caused a rapid decrease in number of mitoses so that by 6 hrs less than 1% of the total cells were dividing and all of them were abnormal, by 24 hrs this level was reduced to about 0.2%. DNP (1×10-3 M) caused an initial reduction in the number of mitotic figures followed by severe inhibition of entry into mitosis; division figures were abnormal from 3 hrs onward. DNP at 1×10-3 M caused the complete inhibition of oxygen uptake and ATP synthesis and inhibited mitotic entry and exit after 3 hrs. This study shows that although DNP (an uncoupler of respiration) and propham (a protein synthesis inhibitor) have different modes of action, both have severe and rapid mitotic inhibitory effects. It also reiterates with mitotic kinetic evidence that chlorpropham is a direct mitotic poison.


Summary Customers have experienced many banks transformations in the last decade. Changes in the banking sector occurred due to increased profitability and the desire to remain on the market banks whose financial situation has deteriorated. The consolidation of the banking sector leads to innovation and diversification of financial solutions offered to customers. Financial security should have special priority in the area of banking sector transformation. Transformation of the banking sector is going in the right direction, as it contributes to the selection of banks, which in the future will remain the market leaders ready to meet all the expectations of their clients. The main aim of this article is to draw attention to the financial security, which is one of the most important factors for choosing a bank by the trader. The purpose of this article is to identification and comparison of selected sources of financing for enterprises in the banking sector and to present the factors that affect the bank choice by customer's. While analyzing the selected sources of financing: loans and leases defining the better form of investment is not easy, as each of the described form has its advantages and disadvantages. The final decision on the choice rests with the entrepreneur, who must determine which solution is more convenient for him. The author also draws attention to the public opinion towards banks. Compared to the last two years, the level of customer confidence in the banking sector is increasing, what means that, despite many changes that have occurred in the last decade, customers are willing to change and are trusting banks. Key words: credit, leasing, financing investment. safety


In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) combined with Pade approximant is applied to generate the approximate analytical solution of Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equation. The results show that the combined method gives highly accurate approximate analytical solution. It is also found that this method can achieve more suitable results in comparison to HPM alone. The approximate solution is also compared with the exact solution and it is found to be in good agreement.


The present thesis entitled Reminiscence Therapy to improve memory in the elderly
who attend the Municipal Center of Attention to the Elderly No. 1 of the city of Loja
in the period 2018, has as general objective to improve the memory of older adults
who attend the Municipal Center for Attention to the Elderly No. 1 of the city of Loja
in the period 2018, through reminiscence therapy. The present study is framed in the
type of quantitative-qualitative research-action and descriptive, the methods were
applied: scientific, inductive, deductive, descriptive in the same way the technique
that was used was the survey directed to the professionals and relatives of older adults,
and the instrument applied to the 6 older adults was the Conductual Memory Test
Rivermead, to determine the most significant problems: not remember names of their
relatives, being the type of memory most affected the episodic, semantic and nondeclarative;
moderate affectation of the memory tending to severe, after the
application of the plan of activities of therapy of reminiscence, it was possible to verify
improvement of the memory and at the same time facility to evoke events of his past
life.Therefore, therapists are recommended to implement reminiscence therapy in
older adults.


The invention discloses a moon cake with a sweet potato filling and a preparation method of the moon cake with the sweet potato filling, belonging to the technical field of foods. The moon cake is prepared from a moon cake filling and a moon cake skin, wherein the moon cake filling is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of sweet potato, 20-50 parts of sesame oil, 5-20 parts of rice flour, 5-20 parts of flour, 10-25 parts of oat flour, 5-25 parts of sugar, 5-15 parts of jujube and 0-3 parts of custard flour; the moon cake skin is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 200-400 parts of flour, 50-150 parts of sugar, 22-70 parts of pure water, 45-100 parts of vegetable oil, 0.1-0.3 part of citric acid, 0.01-0.2 part of salt and 0.5-1.5 parts of alkaline water. The moon cake with the sweet potato filling is low in fat mass, is good in weight losing effect, is capable of effectively preventing sub-health and has effect of relaxing bowels and expelling toxin.


The difficulty of diagnosing HIV in infants is a major obstacle to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. As serological tests are unreliable during the first 18 months of life, and the cost and complexity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays limit their access in resource-limited settings, p24 antigen detection has emerged as an alternative diagnostic tool. In this study, the performance of an ultrasensitive p24 antigen assay on dried blood spots was evaluated under field conditions in rural Tanzania. Specimens were stored and shipped at tropical room temperature, and analysed within six weeks. In total, 27 consecutive children aged <18 months and exposed to vertical HIV transmission were enrolled. Overall sensitivity and specificity was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.8–100) and 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2–99.9), respectively. Our findings suggest that detection of p24 antigen on dried blood spots can be a reliable and feasible diagnostic tool for infant HIV infection in rural resource-limited settings.


The dynamic fracture response of a long beam of brittle elastic material subjected to a transverse time-dependent concentrated load is investigated. If the magnitude of this load is increased to a critical value, a crack will propagate from the tensile side of that cross section. An analysis is presented which relates the transverse force, the bending moment, the axial force, and the crack length at the fracturing section. Consequently, the crack length and other parameters of interest can be determined for any given force. The analysis is applied to several specific examples and typical results are presented. If the value of the elastic modulus is appropriately modified, the results also apply for plane strain fracture of a plate subjected to a line load.


Although a lot of sophisticated spatial access structures for e cient support of proximity queries to geometric data have been proposed, in practice only few applications of databases handling geometric objects make use of them. An important reason for that is that on one hand, such applications essentially need the DBMS services like transaction management, concurrency control and recovery, but the commercially available database management systems do not provide spatial access structures. On the other hand, systems especially designed for spatial data handling, like geographic information systems, mostly provide only a subset of the features for data management as implemented by database systems. To close this gap, several approaches have been made to build spatial access structures on top of commercially available database management systems, like relational DBMSs. However, it turned out that such approaches have high implementation cost and are still not satisfactory concerning their query e ciency for high-performance spatial databases. In this paper we will show that the apparently con icting objectives discussed above can both be attained by embedding a spatial access structure into an object-oriented database system. We present a solution at the example of the integration of an R-tree into ObjectStore. The application of our solution for maintaining 3d-scenes in a project of building a virtual-reality based geographic information system is so highly performant that it allows a real-time walkthrough through the spatial data stored in the database system. Submitting author ObjectStore is a registered trademark of Object Design, Inc.


An actuator made of a Ti-Ni spring and a plastic wire, to which the Shape Memory Effect (SME) is applied has been developed. The recovery process is controlled by a electrical pulse heating. The movement of the actuator is controlled sequentially by changing the pulse width. Instead of the conventional potentiometer, the actuator is positioned by feed back control utilizing the relation between the recovery strain and electric resistance change of Ti-Ni alloy during the process of SME. The actuator has been structurally simplified and miniaturized since it consists of materials and electric device. It has been found that it operates within ±2% positioning error without any overshoot by this feed back control.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic and shift to remote instruction disrupted students' learning and well-being. This study explored undergraduates' incoming course concerns and later perceived challenges in an introductory statistics course. We explored how the frequency of concerns changed with the onset of COVID-19 ( 1417) and, during COVID-19, how incoming concerns compared to later perceived challenges ( 524). Students were most concerned about R coding, understanding concepts, workload, prior knowledge, time management, and performance, with each of these concerns mentioned less frequently during than before COVID-19. Concerns most directly related to the pandemic—virtual learning and inaccessibility of resources—showed an increase in frequency. The frequency of concerns differed by gender and URM status. The most frequently mentioned challenges were course workload, virtual learning, R coding, and understanding concepts, with significant differences by URM status. Concerns about understanding concepts, lack of prior knowledge, performance, and time management declined from the beginning to the end of the term. Workload had the highest rate of both consistency and emergence across the term. Because students' perceptions have an impact on their experiences and expectations, understanding and addressing concerns and challenges could help guide instructional designers and policymakers as they develop interventions.


The government has been operating the long-term care insurance since 2008. In June 2010, the government manual wheelchairs, electric beds, manual beds, mattresses prevent pressure ulcers, mobile tub, bath lifts, including six items were changed to rental-only item. For the successful settlement of welfare equipment rental system, The efforts to prevent inconvenience of welfare equipment user's and improvement of the system for the activation is needed. The main object of this study is to identify the factors affecting satisfaction of welfare equipment rental and seek to proposals of revitalizing equipment rental system.


The freshman is a special group in university.They have puzzled to their adaptation to study,self-evaluations,interpersonal relationships,emotions and so on.Only regulating actively from respective aspect can they improve their psychological adaptive faculty smoothly.


This paper introduces the principle and process of attendant intrusion function in Stored Program Control(SPC) exchange,analyzes the detailed call process by using signaling analyzing software.By comparing with the international standards,it proves that attendant intrusion function can be settled by modifying software.Based on the analysis of actual situation,the paper also explains some new functions and services of SPC exchange,describes the software configuration and points for attention.


Do you routinely receive digital image files as .DEX attachments you and the office struggle to open? You're not alone. But, don't fret. There are troubleshoots to handle those tricky file extensions.


This paper is addressed to the decentralized stabilization problem for large-scale linear systems composed of interconnected subsystems. The local control laws are dynamic output feedback conformable to the subsystems. Sufficient conditions for simultaneous stabilizability of the overall system and sub-systems are obtained using the Stable Factorization approach.


Linear-mode, avalanche photodiode arrays (LmAPDs) based on bandgap-engineered HgCdTe, grown by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) are used in low-flux applications, where the signal-to-noise ratio would otherwise be very low. The LmAPD mesa-device architecture provides 100% fill factor, low crosstalk and minimal interpixel capacitance. Saphira (320×256/24 μm) devices operating at an avalanche gain of 50-100 and temperature of 80-90 K are deployed in 12 telescopes as wavefront sensors and notably control the four 8.2 m telescopes in the Very Large Telescope (VLT) interferometer. Some of these devices have operated for many years at full gain. Applications now split into three main categories. Firstly, those with intrinsically weak infrared sources that need moderate avalanche gain but very low dark current – 1k×1k/15 μm and 2k×2k/15 μm arrays are currently in development to service this requirement. Secondly, future adaptive optics (AO) systems, associated with 30 m class telescopes, require larger arrays and frame-rates over 2000 frames/s. A 512×512/24 μm device, specifically for pyramid wavefront sensors, is currently under development for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The third category covers high speed (GHz) APDs mainly for free-space optical communications and LIDAR. This paper provides an update on the technology and status of the developments.


Much of the data transfer in computer and process control systems takes place by half duplex data transmission. Conventional approaches to implementation of half duplex fiber optic links use a separate fiber for each transmission direction or a single fiber for both directions and a Y branch. If an LED is used as a semiconductor junction transceiver (SJT) for both emission and detection of optical signals, half duplex data transmission links can be implemented with a single fiber and a single optoelectronic device at each end of the fiber. Investigation of the suitability of reverse biased LED's for use as detectors shows that responsivities higher than 1/5 that of a PIN diode can be achieved. Although the reverse biased capacitance of the LED is larger than the PIN diode, rise times as short as 3 nanoseconds have been measured for LED's used in the detector mode. Comparison of Burrus, edge emitting and large area surface emitting diodes shows that the Burrus and large area surface emitting diodes offer the best detector performance. Experimental results for a half duplex transceiver using an SJT will be presented.


Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have long been known to exist, but only as "trash bags" or cellular wastes with no essential biological function. However, since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs, they have piqued the interest of cancer biologists. Tumor cells secrete a large number of EVs, which can be used in 'liquid biopsy' procedures for cancer detection. Recently EVs have also been found to contain nonbinding RNAs, like long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and repeat RNAs, which can be easily amplified and used for detecting cancer types. EVs also deliver bioactive molecules like lipids and proteins to target cells, which may promote metastases i.e., the spread of cancer. These molecules may be used in combination with other markers to create sensitive and specific EVbased diagnostics. It is, therefore, speculated that EVs carry significant diagnostic value for various cancers. In this review, Otsuka and colleague describe how EVs participate in gastrointestinal cancer pathogenesis and how their bioactive cargoes exhibit excellent diagnostic utility. The authors also discuss how human satellite II (HSATII) RNA, a ncRNA found in EVs, suppresses anticancer immune surveillance and can be used as a biomarker to detect pancreatic and colon cancer. They go on to explain how lipids, phosphatidylserine, and phospholipids found in EVs contribute to celltocell communication and influence the tumor microenvironment. Phospholipids are broken down to fatty acids and other substances by enzymes called phospholipases. The hydrolysis of phospholipases can increase small EV (sEV) uptake by target cells and also transduce biological signals to immune cells, which do not take up sEVs. This has been proposed as a new sEV signaling mechanism. A secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and its isoform sPLA2IIA have been found to protect against gastrointestinal cancer by its tumorsuppressing action. However, the same enzyme is also involved in promoting prostate cancer. Another sPLA2, called sPLA2X, breaks down tumorderived sEVs in the human lymphomas, thereby promoting tumor formation. The above facts clearly suggest that EVs may promote or inhibit tumor progression in different cancer types. Moreover, some EVs from cancer cells may interact directly with therapeutic agents, reducing their efficacy. As a result, their biological significance, utility as cancer markers, and potential as treatment targets must be carefully evaluated and considered. To summarize, EVs can serve as nextgeneration cancer biomarkers and contribute in advancing cancer diagnostics and therapy. In addition, controlling cancerderived EVs may lead to the development of novel therapeutics. However, this is a new field of research which warrants meticulous investigation of EV function, particularly aimed at cancer suppression and inhibition. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cas.15771


Objectives: To objectives of the study were to study 1) the incidence and maternal determinants (host related) risk factors on post cesarean surgical site infection (SSI) and 2) the influence of labor related and procedure related risk factors on post cesarean SSI.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KMCT Medical College, Kozhikode from April 1 to August 31 2021 after clearance from ethical committee in which 153 cases of SSI post cesarean were included in the study.
Results: Educational status of patients had statistically significant association with the development of SSI incidence of SSI (44.4%) and is highest among overweight women. Patients with diabetes and hypertension had increased risk of developing SSI. 72.2% with SSI had duration of ruptured membrane for >8 h and duration of rupture of membrane were significantly associated with development of wound infection. Significant linear association was found between number of prior cesarean and risk of development of SSI (p=0.019). Cesarean with mean operative time >45 min had statistically significant risk of developing SSI. Intraoperative complication like adhesions was a predictor of SSI (p=0.001)
Conclusions: Medical morbidities and increased body mass index being predictors along with prolonged operative time can be properly identified and awareness ensured to prevent and identify post cesarean SSI.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method includes reaction of bifunctional polymer of formula (I) X-R-X, where R stands for ether chain residue, X stands for hydroxygroup, with respective diisocyanate of formula (II) X-R 6 -X, where X stands for isocyanate group, R6 stands for hydrocarbon group, which contains to 16 carbon atoms, and organoalkoxysilane of formula (III) Y-R 1 -Si(R 2 ) m (OR 3 ) 3-m , where Y stands for primary or secondary aminogroup, in presence of vinylalkoxysilane of formula (IV) CH 2 =CH-Si(R 4 ) n (OR 5 ) 3-n , and in compounds (III) and (IV) each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 has the same or different values and stands for hydrocarbon group, which contains 1-12 carbon atoms, m, n=0, 1 or 2. EFFECT: method makes it possible to obtain polymer with low viscosity, stable in storing and processing, without requiring additional internal cross-linking, duration of synthesis is reduced from 12 hours to 5-6 hours, reproducibility is improved and stability of synthesis process results is ensured of synthesis process results, cost of obtained product is reduced due to reduction of synthesis time and reduction of its staging. 17 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl, 18 ex


The Coleman Report on inequality of education in the mid 1960's was one of the most influential reports of that decade. Now, in the mid-1970's, a second Coleman report, this time on youth, has appeared, together with a thoughtful appraisal of this report by over a dozen critics. Taken together they stake out the formidable problems faced by youth today, and of course these problems are those of our whole society. Coleman II and the critiques should receive as wide distribution and discussion as Coleman I. As Havighurst says in his review, ". . . the 10 year period 1974-1984 will be one of major constructive attention by American society to its young people and their problem of growing to maturity in a society which at present does not have adequate institutions to support and facilitate transition from youth to adulthood." The report recommends that society develop new environments for youth "designed to develop not only cognitive learning but other aspects of learning as well."


With the development of market economy in China, the administration corruption has become increasingly prevalent. The fundamental reason for this kind of corruption is that the possibility of the exchange between power and market still exists under the condition of the faultiness of law system and the lack of the moral education for the power-holders. It is insufficient to just rely on the law system to prevent the administration corruption. On the one hand, morality is still the foundation of law system and the benchmark for value evaluation. On the other hand, law will also become insignificant if the power-holders lose their morality. As a result, administration based on law cannot completely replace administration based on morality. Therefore, to build up the administrative ethic in China, it is necessary to draw on experience from the rich Chinese ancient "ethic politics" and from the administrative ethic of western countries.


In the combustion processes of the ceramic industry, large amounts of pollutant gas concentration are generated, so it is necessary to measure the system and the physical phenomenon, as well as the variables inherent to the process, for subsequent estimation in terms of physical magnitudes, and a dimensional analysis, this allows to generate approximations in the causal relationships of the variables. The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the variables involved in the process and the influence of the mass flows of polluting gases. An exploratory and experimental methodology was used, for this, the data were taken with the technique of direct measurement in the sources of gas emissions and subsequently subjected to simulation in software such as AMOS V24.0 and LISREL V8.8., on the other hand, the data were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, using SPSS software version 24.0. As a result, the variables capacity and production are practically identical, which leads to a high correlation and, consequently, an undesired multicollinearity between the variables, so the suggestion is to omit one of them. On the other hand, the sulfur percentage variable is inversely correlated with most of the variables and its saturation is not clear, so it is theoretically sustained as a latent variable of the SO2 indicator.


To compare treatment strategies for respiratory failure in extremely low‐birthweight (ELBW) infants in Germany in 1997 to Germany, Austria and Switzerland in 2011.


This study aims to describe the process of the formation of the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) in Malang and the form of Javanese cultural preservation carried out by the school of culture. This study uses a qualitative research approach. The process of extracting data was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation, and literature study. The results showed that the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) was established to preserve the culture and artistic heritage of the ancestors, particularly Javanese culture and arts. The activities carried out at the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) include ngangsu kaweruh or conducting studies on cultural history and heritage arts (especially Javanese culture), and others. Based on the AGIL concept by Parsons, the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) can survive and develop until today due to four aspects. The first is an adaptation, the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) adapts by freeing people to participate in activities according to their interests and wishes, and free of charge. The second is goal achievement. The school has various activities that are used as a basis for achieving the goal, namely preserving Javanese culture. Then the integration is carried out through the formation of an organizational structure, as well as holding various activities and promotions. The last one is latency, the Tunggulwulung School of Culture (SBT) maintains patterns or systems through innovation in learning models, activities, and promotions.


The fascinating story of how we got the Bible in its present form actually starts thousands of years ago, as briefly outlined in our Timeline of Bible Translation History. As a background study, we recommend that you first review our discussion of the Pre-Reformation History of the Bible from 1,400 B.C. to 1,400 A.D., which covers the transmission of the scripture through the original languages of Hebrew and Greek, and the 1,000 years of the Dark & Middle Ages when the Word was trapped in only Latin. Our starting point in this discussion of Bible history, however, is the advent of the scripture in the English language with the "Morning Star of the Reformation", John Wycliffe.


During the past 20 years animal ecologists have spent much time trying to understand population processes, the practical implications of which are vastly more important for our survival on earth than are all our extravagant efforts to leave it with a safe return ticket. In this period a handful of authoritative books has appeared, each to do with animal populations but having little else in common (Andrewartha and Birch 1954; Lack 1954, 1966; Wynne-Edwards 1962; Elton 1966). A layman reading these would be quite justified in concluding that "There appear to be no rules". Indeed. this phrase seems to reflect Elton's attitude: "The whole field of population control in nature and theories about how it works has Qat ~


We examined nuclear division of germinating aeciospores of the western gall rust fungus, Peridermium harknessii (teleomorph, Endocronartium harknessii). Mature aeciospores were primarily (86%) binucleate. Migration of the two nuclei into the germ tube followed emergence of the germ tube. The percentage of germlings with 3 nuclei increased from 5% at 4 h to 32% at 12 h; thus, nuclear division in the germ tube was asynchronous and mitotic. We conclude that the fungus is an imperfect rust, and not an endocyclic rust, and should be called Peridermium harknessii. Western gall rust is a common disease on numerous species of hard pines. The life cycle, and hence the appropriate nomenclature and taxonomic classification of the fungus, has been disputed. The most common spore type is produced


The purpose of this research is to determine the state of the physical condition of the wushu sanda athletes in Ngawi district in facing the sports week of East Java province. The type of research is descriptive quantitative with a strategy of collecting information or data using survey and test methods. The subjects of this study were all wushu sanda participants in Ngawi district from 10 athletes consisting of 8 male athletes and 2 female athletes prepared to take part in the 2022 East Java Province sports week. The sample technique used in this study was total sampling. The research instruments in this review were tests and measurements. Based on the results of the study, information was obtained from the state of the wushu sanda athletes in Ngawi district, both male and female, on average 70% in the good category, 51% athletes in the sufficient category, and 1% athletes in the poor category. The physical fitness of the wushu sanda athletes in Ngawi district in preparing for the East Java provincial sports week was in the good category.


Investors have access to a wealth of information through a variety of news channels to inform them on their decisions to buy and sell stocks when managing their portfolios. Our project's goal was to simulate and improve on this process and predict stock price fluctuations of specific companies through a supervised learning approach to textual analysis of recently published and relevant articles on the web.


Background: Ankle injuries may result from high energy as well as low energy rotational forces sustained during sports or a misstep during routine daily activities.3 Young and middle aged are more prone for this type of injury. Population-based studies suggest that the incidence of the ankle fractures has increased dramatically since the early 1960s.
Objective: To evaluate the functional outcome and complications following open reduction and internal fixation of malleolar fractures of ankle in adults.
Methodology: The study was a descriptive observational study conducted involving all the adult patients of malleolar fractures. Total of 35 subjects of malleolar fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation and fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected for the study.
Results: 31.4% subjects each were from 31-40 and 41-50 years age group with mean age of 39.32 +/- 4.16 years. 37.1% patients had Supination External Rotation and 34.3% patients had Pronation External Rotation type of injury. 82.9% patients had Bi-malleolar fracture. 11(31.4%) patients had excellent outcome. Post-operative complications included superficial skin infections in 17.1% and Ankle stiffness in 5.7% cases.
Conclusion: At the end of 6 months, 11(31.4%) patients had excellent outcome, 19(54.3%) had good results, 3 (8.6%) patients had fair outcome while 2 (5.7%) had poor results according to Baird and Jackson score. Weber type B was the commonest type of fracture while supination external rotation injury was the most common mechanism of injury.
Keywords: Malleolar fractures, ankle, adults, functional outcome, complications, open reduction and internal fixation.


In this article, the branching structure of hypermedia is addressed for the purpose of accommodating individual learning differences. Learning from the learner's perspective is discussed. Future research directions in hypermedia learning are suggested.


We present a variational formulation for the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation that leads to a thermodynamic-like potential for the KPZ as well as for other related kinetic equations. For the KPZ case, with the knowledge of such a potential we prove some global shift invariance properties previously conjectured by other authors. We also show a few results about the form of the stationary probability distribution function for arbitrary dimensions. The procedure used for KPZ was extended in order to derive more general forms of such a functional leading to other nonlinear kinetic equations, as well as cases with density dependent surface tension.


This paper studies an online invoicing system based on QR code recognition and enterprise information cloud storage, which belongs to the application field of cloud storage technology. The method is characterized in that: establish an enterprise information cloud storage server on the cloud, generate the unique QR code or bar code according to the enterprise's taxpayer identification number, and when the buyer requires the seller to provide invoices, the seller's invoice clerk only needs to scan the enterprise's QR code to obtain the enterprise's related information from the cloud and realize the automatic input function of invoice title, thereby greatly saving the time of information entry, enhancing the accuracy of information and improving the efficiency of work.


The morphological changes that occur in ovarian explants from young mice maintained in an in vitro system for a period of 7 dayS in the presence of several gonadotropins were studied. Although the explants cultured on the basic medium composed of agar, Tyrode/s solution, synthetic medium 199 and chick embryo extract and enriched with lactogenic hormone retained a healthy appearance, histological examination revealed a general loss of organization with selective atrophy of the follicular and of the thecal cells. As a consequence, maintenance of the primordial follicles was not obtained and their maturation was arrested. Some or all of these degenerative changes did not occur when other hormones were added to the basic medium. Either ICSH,HCG or estrogen effected stimulation of the follicular cells and, at the same time, favored maturation of the primordial follicles; in addition, ICSH effected an organization and a stimulation of the theca interim. PMSG induced changes that were not unlike those observed i...


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently preparing a license application for the permanent disposal of high-level waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The waste package design for the disposal of high-level waste could consist of an outer container made of Alloy 22, a corrosion resistant Ni-Cr-Mo-W-Fe alloy, surrounding an inner container made of Type 31 6 nuclear grade stainless steel. Alloy 22 is resistant to stress corrosion cracking in chloride solutions; however, under a limited range of conditions, stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 22 has been observed in environments containing chloride and bicarbonate, which may be present in water entering the emplacement drifts. The initiation of stress corrosion cracking may significantly decrease waste package lifetimes. Analyses of the oxide films on Alloy 22 produced under conditions where stress corrosion cracking has and has not been observed are presented in this paper. The composition and thickness of the oxide films were found to be dependent on test conditions. Under conditions where stress corrosion cracking is possible, the chromium concentration in the oxide film was significantly lower compared to oxides produced under benign conditions.


We introduce a notion of round-robin secure sampling that captures several protocols in the literature, such as the "powers-of-tau" setup protocol for pairing-based polynomial commitments and zk-SNARKs, and certain verifiable mixnets. Due to their round-robin structure, protocols of this class inherently require n sequential broadcast rounds, where n is the number of participants. We describe how to compile them generically into protocols that require only O ( √ n ) broadcast rounds. Our compiled protocols guarantee output delivery against any dishonest majority. This stands in contrast to prior techniques, which require Ω( n ) sequential broadcasts in most cases (and sometimes many more). Our compiled protocols permit a certain amount of adversarial bias in the output, as all sampling protocols with guaranteed output must, due to Cleve's impossibility result (STOC'86). We show that in the context of the aforementioned applications, this bias is harmless.


Mobile ad hoc networks have gained more and more research attention. They provide wireless communications without location limitations and pre-built fixed infrastructures. Because of the absence of any static support structure, ad hoc networks are prone to link failure. This has become the most serious cause of throughput degradation when using TCP over ad hoc networks. Some researchers chose dynamic source routing (DSR) as the routing protocol and showed that disabling the assignment of a route directly from cache gives better performance. We introduce an efficient cache management mechanism to increase the TCP throughput by replying with a route directly from the cache of DSR and perform cache recovery when a host failure has occurred. We use simulations to compare the performance of our algorithm with the original DSR under the link failure prone environment due to mobility. We also provide the simulation results when host failures are considered in the ad hoc networks.


Abstract In this study, we present a model which represents the interaction of financial companies in their network. Since the long time series have a global memory effect, we present our model in the terms of fractional integro-differential equations. This model characterize the behavior of the complex network where vertices are the financial companies operating in XU100 and edges are formed by distance based on Pearson correlation coefficient. This behavior can be seen as the financial interactions of the agents. Hence, we first cluster the complex network in the terms of high modularity of the edges. Then, we give a system of fractional integro-differential equation model with two parameters. First parameter defines the strength of the connection of agents to their cluster. Hence, to estimate this parameter we use vibrational potential of each agent in their cluster. The second parameter in our model defines how much agents in a cluster affect each other. Therefore, we use the disparity measure of PMFGs of each cluster to estimate second parameter. To solve model numerically we use an efficient algorithmic decomposition method and concluded that those solutions are consistent with real world data. The model and the solutions we present with fractional derivative show that the real data of Borsa Istanbul Stock Exchange Market always seek for an equilibrium state.


The study reports on dedicated measurements made with a single nominal bunch in the LHC at 6.5TeV. First, we show that a significant amount of second order chromaticity Q′′ can be introduced in the machine in a well-controlled manner. Second, we demonstrate that the incoherent betatron tune spread from Q′′ can provide beam stability through the Landau damping mechanism. This is a first step in the development of a Q′′ knob to be potentially applied during regular physics operation in the LHC.


In the past decade, numerous studies have helped to better characterise shortages of anaesthesia and surgical equipment in lowand middle-income countries and identify areas for intervention [1–3]. Many such efforts have focused on pulse oximetry (LifeBox, World Health Organization checklist) and for good reason [4]. Pulse oximetry is relatively inexpensive, easy-to-use, low maintenance, versatile, instantaneous and considered essential by all existing national and international anaesthesia guidelines, including the recently published World Health Organization – World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) standards [5]. Capnography is another important anaesthesia monitor that has received relatively less attention despite havingmany of these same characteristics. Unlike pulse oximetry, capnography is utilised in fewer healthcare fields (e.g. predominantly in intensive care units (ICUs), operating theatres and procedure rooms), employed by fewer cadres (e.g. primarily anaesthesia providers, intensivists and proceduralists) and has been relatively more expensive to purchase and is thus uncommon in low-income countries. Pulse oximetry is a sensitive and rapid test for hypoxemia, but it is not the earliest direct detector of potentially fatal airway problems as hypoxia is a relatively late feature of airway misadventures [6–8]. Averting these failures to rescue situations with capnography can likely prevent significant anaesthetic morbidity and mortality from, for example, oesophageal intubation, tracheal tube obstruction and bronchospasm [7, 9, 10]. In lowand middle-income countries, a large proportion of peri-operative and anaesthetic mortality is known to be avoidable, and airway complications, such as undetected oesophageal intubation, are likely a major contributor [11]. Capnography also has important uses in spontaneously-breathing patients whose tracheas are not intubated. Such patients may experience respiratory depression and/or airway obstruction, which are poorly detected by oximetry if oxygen is administered concurrently [12, 13]. Few data exist to quantify morbidity and mortality avertable with end-tidal CO2 detection, and as a result, there are limited efforts to increase access to capnography. Although availability of capnography should be an aspiration for the safe practice of anaesthesia everywhere, we do not argue that immediate expansion of capnography use should be the highest or the only priority for expanding access to safe and affordable anaesthetic care. Rather, we encourage the global anaesthesia community to pursue research that better quantifies the scope and scale of the problem and to identify proportional and context-appropriate interventions that should be included among the priorities.


The field of production frontier estimation is divided between the parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the deterministic, nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This paper explores an amalgam of DEA and SFA that melds a nonparametric frontier with a stochastic composite error. Our model imposes the standard SFA assumptions for the inefficiency and noise terms. The frontier is estimated nonparametrically, imposing monotonicity and convexity as in DEA. For estimation, we propose two alternative methods based on shape constrained nonparametric least squares. The performance of the proposed estimation techniques is examined using Monte Carlo simulations and an illustrative application.


Probably the most mobile of the population groups that make up this nation's sub-culture of poverty are the nearly 200,000 Spanish-speaking farm workers who move in and out of south Texas. They are the largest and longest of several "streams" of migrant workers who beat yearly paths from southern home bases north through rich agricultural harvests, making abundance possible for others but not themselves. The Texas-Mexican migrants fan out from the area of Texas south of San Antonio and Corpus Christi into more than thirty states. They begin leaving little shacks in the lower Rio Grande Valley in February and March, and some are still returning in November and December. They follow no neat patterns of travel, as would be obliging to educators and health and welfare workers. The 5,000 migrants of Crystal City, Texas, for example, do not all pack up at the same time and migrate to southwestern Idaho for the sugar beet, fruit, and potato season. Instead, these migra-


I view the service-learning paradigm as an augmentation of the traditional view "learning in order to serve" by an added emphasis on the service, as in "serving while learning." I argue that service-learning fully supports active learning, critical thinking, and creative thinking. I describe my experience in designing a service-learning course on Software Engineering in Computer Science Department at Louisiana State University, including students' feedback on their experiences and the key factors behind the success of the course.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the diabetes major types. insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are the reasons of it. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (lipocalin2) is glycoprotein secreted by many cells but its secreted mostly from adipose tissue. Many studies recently found that Lipocalin-2 marker was elevated in type 2 diabetic patients. These lipocalin2 changes had been linked to obesity. so, lipocalin-2 plays an effective role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.


Four bacterial strains (X2、X3、X4、X5) which could degrade oil effectively were separated from oil-polluted water. The strains were identified as Xanthomonas sp. , Zoogloea sp. , Bacillus sp. , and Plesiomonas sp. The growth of the community in a medium containing crude oil as carbon source was observed to determine the predominant strain. The oil-degradation effects of various combination of the strains were confirmed by the mixed experiment of two, three or four strains randomly, and the optimal dosage of every strain was studied with the method of orthogonal experiment. Using the techniques of GC - MS, the effect of every strain on degrading crude oil was analyzed. The results showed that X4 was the predominant strain. X4 it could degrade 68. 60% of crude oil, and the other three strains could also degrade 63. 17% of crude oil after mixed. The existence of strain X4 was the key to attain high rate of oil-degradation of mixed culture. The best degrading effects would be obtained when four strains were inoculated 0.1% , 0.1% , 0. 5% , 2. 0% , respectively. Strains X2 and X3 could degrade C12-C16 straight chain alkanes and some branched ones, while strain X4 and X5 could degrade C12-C22 straight chain alkanes. Fig 2, Tab 4, Ref 10


Abstract A variety of approaches to heart valve tissue engineering are underway by many groups of investigators. We believe that a thorough understanding of the biophysical and biomolecular interactions that mediate normal leaflet homeostasis will inform improved approaches to the engineering of truly regenerative heart valve grafts. However, our understanding of the fundamental biology of normal valve tissue is still quite limited. This informational gap has led us to develop an ex vivo system for long-term valve culture in order to study the mechanobiology of native tissue. Using this system, we have cultured trileaflet rat heart valves with and without flow-induced valve cycling. We report here the preliminary findings about the effects of both ex vivo culture and of valve cycling on pulmonary leaflet cell gene expression following 7 days of flow culture. Expression of leaflet mRNA was queried using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays and the results analyzed using GeneSpring, EXPLAIN and MetaCore (Gen...


In this paper, we present an improved Edge Directed Super Resolution (EDSR) technique to produce enhanced edge definition and improved image quality in the resulting high resolution image. The basic premise behind this algorithm remains, like its predecessor, to utilize gradient and spatial information and interpolate along the edge direction in a multiple pass iterative fashion. The edge direction map generated from horizontal and vertical gradients and resized to the target resolution is quantized into eight directions over a 5 × 5 block compared to four directions over a 3 × 3 block in the previous algorithm. This helps reduce the noise caused in part due to the quantization error and the super resolved results are significantly improved. In addition, an appropriate weighting encompassing the degree of similarity between the quantized edge direction and the actual edge direction is also introduced. In an attempt to determine the optimal super resolution parameters for the case of still image capture, a hardware setup was utilized to investigate and evaluate those factors. In particular, the number of images captured as well as the amount of sub pixel displacement that yield a high quality result was studied. This is done by utilizing a XY stage capable of sub-pixel movement. Finally, an edge preserving smoothing algorithm contributes to improved results by reducing the high frequency noise introduced by the super resolution process. The algorithm showed favorable results on a wide variety of datasets obtained from transportation to multimedia based print/scan application in addition to images captured with the aforementioned hardware setup.


Remote Access Laboratories (RAL) are online environments that allows the users to interact with instruments through the Internet. RALs are governed by a Remote Laboratory management system (RLMS) that usually provides the specific control technology and control policies with regards to an experiment and the corresponding hardware. Normally, in a centralized RAL these control strategies and policies are created by the experiment providers in the RLMS. In a distributed Peer-to-Peer RAL scenario, individual users designing their own rigs and are incapable of producing and enforcing the control policies to ensure safe and stable use of the experimental rigs. Thus the experiment controllers in such a scenario have to be smart enough to learn and enforce those policies. This paper discusses a method to create Markov's Decision Process from the user's interactions with the experimental rig and use it to ensure stability as well as support other users by evaluating the current state of the rig in their experimental session.


Old Gold Days are one. more past; the mort than 700 high schoolers from a~rolS the state have gone home; and SUI has . returned to lIIftIalcy. Pictures and stories on page 6 record the ennts of that weekend. Servini TM State University of .Iowa and ths People of IOtI)(J Cit" Plrtly cloudy to cl.ar with colder east portion todlY Ind tonl,ht. A few snow flurri.s near the northern border today. Hi,h, today 10 to IS north· west and IS t. 20 southealt. Outlook for W.dnes· day MostlV fair continued cold.


The increment of the information of each subject including the Drafting course brings forth new challenges for teachers' teaching.The lifelong feature and popularization of learning ask the teacher not only to impart the teaching content to the students,but also to cultivate them the far-reaching learning mood.Therefore,this paper presents the principle proposals for the developmental property of the teaching of Drafting and makes the analysis as well.


The William McCrillis papers deal primarily with his activities as an owner of large amounts of timberland in northern Maine. The collection also includes materials of his sister, Harriet Griswold and of members of her family. Preferred Citation William H. McCrillis Papers, SpC MS 0332, [Box No.], [Folder No.], Raymond H. Fogler Library Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono, Maine ^ Return to Table of


A generation mechanism of super-Alfvénic (SPA) waves in multi-ion species plasma is proposed, and the associated heavy ion acceleration process is discussed. The SPA waves are thought to play important roles in particle acceleration since they have large wave electric fields because of their high phase velocity. It is demonstrated by using full particle-in-cell simulations that large amplitude proton cyclotron waves, excited due to proton temperature anisotropy, nonlinearly destabilize SPA waves through parametric decay instability in a three-component plasma composed of electrons, protons, and α particles. At the same time, α cyclotron waves get excited via another decay instability. A pre-accelerated α particle resonates simultaneously with the two daughter waves, the SPA waves and the α cyclotron waves, and it is further accelerated perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The process may work in astrophysical environments where a sufficiently large temperature anisotropy of lower mass ions occurs.


Since the original publication of Archilochus' First Cologne Epode (fr. 196a W), scholars have noted the poem's structural and thematic similarities to epic seduction scenes 2 . However, such discussions have tended either simply to observe the existence of these parallels, or to use them to argue that the action of the Archilochean poem must conform to that of the earlier models 3 . Yet this approach to the Cologne Epode runs the risk of oversimplifying not only Archilochus, but also the epic material on which he draws. In this article I argue that to understand the Cologne Epode, it is crucial to recognise that Archilochus is drawing on a traditional type-scene which is not fixed or static, but whose details can be adapted to draw out what is unique to the particular relationship or situation at hand. For an archaic audience, a seduction scene is not a fixed set of 'rules' but rather a series of conventions which are open to being manipulated or overturned according to the poet's wishes. As we shall see, the Epode follows epic models in playing with these conventions and opening them up for question or redefinition. Thus the ways in which the Epode differs from other archaic seduction scenes should not simply be attributed to its being subject to a different tradition; rather, Archilochus evokes and reworks epic material to suit his own poetic agenda, just as on the linguistic level he makes extensive use of Homeric formula, yet applies them in unexpected ways 4 . This article will propose an interpretation of the Cologne Epode as a mock-epic seduction scene, and will argue that an analysis of the poem through its interaction with epic guides us towards a richer understanding of Archilochus' achievement.


We examine the on-energy shell approximation applied in our previous estimation of the two-step contribution to (p,p) and (p,n) reactions. We restore the effect of absorption for the intermediate propagator in order to avoid the singularity in the transferred momentum space and calculate the numerical integration beyond the on-energy shell. We make the depth of the imaginary potential for the propagator as small as possible and guess the real two-step cross sections at zero imaginary potential. The numerical results are already larger than those with the on-energy shell approximation at sufficiently deep imaginary potential, and they increased as the depth of the imaginary potential decreased. One obtains further contribution by including the principal part of the propagator. With this result we make a progress in solving the underestimation problem of the spin-transverse cross section.


Thai jasmine rice was improved by low-energy heavy-ion beam induced mutation breeding for high yields. Seeds of Thai rice KDML105 and its ion-beam-induced primary mutant BKOS6 were bombarded by mixed atomic and molecular nitrogen ions accelerated by tens kV in a home-developed high-current ion implanter. Both phenotypes and genotypes of induced mutants were investigated. In M1 generation, more than a hundred plants with the photoperiod-insensitivity potential were obtained. In the subsequent generations, tens of rice mutants with a broad spectrum of phenotypic variations dominantly supporting the high yield potential were selected and studied for the mutation stability till M5 generation. The mutants possessed not only high crop yields but also other properties improved or altered in the grains. DNA fingerprinting analysis revealed polymorphisms in the mutants distinguished from that of KDML105. The cDNA fingerprinting investigation indicated four additional fragments in the mutant profiles encoding proteins which could be involved in the high yield characteristics of the mutants.


The discovery of a 1070 BP burial of ceramic fragments corresponding to more than 50 different vessels OF different styles and time frames, points without doubt TO the cosmological significance of the ceramics for the Aburrá Valley people. We present the finding of the ceramics and their analysis. 14 fragments were subjected to chemical analysis by ICP AES and 13 to petrographic analysis to determine their composition and origin. We conclude that the majority were made with local materials. We propose research lines that detail the contexts and ritual forms of these societies.


Isolation of pathogenetic fungi of cyclamen stem wilt have been done and predisposition tested.The result showed stem wilt of cyslamen was caused by Fusarium Oxysporum Sehl type,stem wilt took place through infection at petiolar epening at later growth stage after syclamen moved into greenhouse.The preventional experiment showed that most of pesticides have no effect to the disease,only 47% wetable powder mancozeb,showed relatively satisfied effect.


Nowadays global climatic deterioration is critical. Study on improving comfortability of micro-climate environment of residential district based on local natural and social environment by means of adopting effective advanced technologies has received more and more attention. By analyzing the climatic features and residential district design of Ganzhou city, planning strategy of improving comfortability of micro-climate environment is explored in this paper.


A few selected memorable achievements and proposals in hydraulic engineering in Australia's history are presented in this review paper as part of the introduction to the 'Hydraulics 200 Conference'.


A study was conducted in Oru West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria to assess the sheep production systems and the major problems faced by farmers in the management of their sheep flocks. The survey was done in some selected communities in the study area. Majority of the farmers sourced their stock from the open market and none indicated to have sourced from institutional farms where modern breeding techniques are employed. Flock size ranged from 5 – 50 animals (mean flock size was 12.8). Fifty eight percent of the farmers rear purely West African Dwarf breed and more breeding ewes were kept than rams. Sheep are kept for generating family income, for use during religious/traditional rites, meat and milk in that order. Farmers had preference for keeping particular breed of sheep for varied reasons which included multiple births, adaptation to environment, good temperament, good mothering ability and lactation. Major problems identified as hampering the productivity of the sheep production in the area were high cost of feeds, seasonality of feeds, inadequate extension services, disease and vaccination problems and the high cost of veterinary care.


Described as one of Spain's foremost Golden-Age poets, Luis de Gongora generated a vast and complex poetic textual tradition through the creation, revision and dissemination of his verse. In later life, he authorized his friend Antonio Chacon to compile an anthology of his poetic works which had been in disarray for many years. Gongora's assistance in identifying the genuine versions of his poems and his participation in the compiling, editing and dating of these poems make the Chacon manuscript (1620) an authoritative collection of the poet's verse. Nevertheless, it includes defective poems and, moreover, the plethora of variants, versions and imitations of his poetry raises questions of authorship and authenticity. In this work, Professor Chaffee-Sorace discusses Gongora's poetic textual tradition, studies its problems and examines how they affect specific texts. She analyzes truncated poems, works with apocryphal endings, pieces with inverted strophic order, imitation, variant texts and authentic or spurious versions. By addressing these issues, the author not only provides an insight into Gongora's creative mind, but also contributes to the completion of both his individual texts and his poetic canon.


To our knowledge this is the first described case of HO of the pedicle of a RAFF, and the first description of HO after cleft palate reconstruction. We speculate that inflammatory stimulus related to an emergent operation to arrest postoperative haemorrhage may have contributed to this unusual complication. This case sheds further light on both the pathophysiological mechanisms of HO development, as well as broadens the clinical setting where HO can be encountered.


The usage of TNF antagonists in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can result in viral reactivation and potential liver failure. However, little is known about the risk of viral reactivation with the newer IL-17 antagonists. We report a patient with seropositive hepatitis B, ankylosing spondylitis, and disabling palmar plantar psoriasis treated successfully with secukinumab without liver complications.

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Objective: This experimental study was designed to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of Samjeong pharmacopuncture solution (SPS) manufactured by using a the lowtemperature extract on process. Methods: To identify the safety and the effectiveness of using SPS as eye drops, we performed applied eye irritation tests on rabbits and antibacterial tests for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans. The eye irritation test was performed according to the toxicity testing regulation of the Korea Food & Drug Administration (2009. 8. 24, KFDA 2009-116). After SPS had been applied on the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. After SPS had been dropped on bacterial species that cause keratitis, the minimum inhibition concentration and the size of the inhibition zone were measured. The anti-bacterial potency was also measured by taking the size of inhibition zone. Results: After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, none of nine rabbits were found to show abnormal signs or weight changes. After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. No specific response was detected in MIC for bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans after SPS had been applied. Conclusions: This study suggests that SPS is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine that does not cause any of eye irritation in rabbits, but it has no antibacterial effects on bacterial species that are well known to cause keratitis. These results suggest that more research is required on extracts from herbal medicines for treating keratitis.


This study aims to review the professional competencies of classroom teachers for inclusive education according to different variables, to obtain information about teachers' in-class practices and to evaluate their perceptions of professional competencies in depth. The research is a mixed-method study and carried out using the trilinguation. The quantitative data were collected from 203 classroom teachers and the qualitative data from 58 teachers. The data were collected using the "Professional Competency Scale for Teachers on Inclusion" and a semi-structured interview form. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were repeated. The research determined that the professional competencies of participating teachers regarding inclusive education are at a high level, professional competency does not differ according to the variables of gender and seniority, and the professional competency levels of teachers regarding inclusive education differ according to the number of students affected by disability. Besides, it was determined that participant teachers carried out similar classroom practices for their students affected by disability and generally, had a perception that not every student could learn.


RELATIVE DEPRIVATION AND XENOPHOBIA: PATTERNS OF ANTI-VIETNAMESE RADICALISM AMONG CAMBODIA'S OPPOSITION PARTIES FROM 1993 PRESENT Ratanak Khun, MA Department of Political Science Northern Illinois University, 2020 Kheang Un, Director Anti-Vietnamese sentiment has been the most highly displayed rhetoric by generations of Cambodian politicians. In contemporary Cambodia, the opposition parties have actively engaged in tirades aimed at the Vietnamese and the ruling CPP which came to power with Vietnamese military support in 1979. How are we to explain the hatred against the Vietnamese in Cambodia? From the examination of the activities of the BLDP, the royalist FUNCINPEC, and the CNRP, we conclude that relative deprivation of a role of power on the political stage emerges as a potential factor that explains why members of Cambodian opposition parties have taken a stand against the Vietnamese and Vietnam-installed CPP. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS


Objective:To investigate the effects of UO-126,a MAPK inhibitor,on the expression of cyclin E and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein 7(FBW7)of human cervical cancer cell line(HeLa cells).Methods:The mRNA and protein expression of cyclin E and FBW7 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot before and after MAPK signal was blocked by UO-126,a MAPK inhibitor.Results:RT-PCR and Western blot exhibited that cyclin E mRNA expression had no significant changes and cyclin E protein had significantly decreased after HeLa cells were treated with UO-126,and FBW7 mRNA and protein expression had significantly increased after HeLa cells were treated with UO-126.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of FBW7 is closely related to the activation of MAPK signaling pathway in cervical cancer HeLa cells.Cyclin E is decreased and FBW7 is increased after UO-126 blocks the MAPK signaling pathway.


The vacuum degree of vacuum interrupter, the isolation contact and the surface insulation condition, when in bad status, are all possible causes of serious insulation or current carry failures to high voltage vacuum cubicle switchboard. A large series of experiments have been executed in this paper to verify the feasibility of using Ratio Frequency (RF) signal emitted by the partial discharge under those situations to online monitor the condition of high voltage vacuum cabinet. Firstly, A floating electrode gap was adopted and its discharge characteristic under different vacuum degree (6.7×10~1×10Pa) has been studied. The experiment results indicated that when vacuum degree descend to some extent, partial discharge will occur in the gap. Furthermore, the start voltage and the characteristics of the discharge have direct relations to vacuum degree. The discharging or not of such a gap fixed in the vacuum interrupter can indicate whether the vacuum degree is in normal range. Secondly, a series of experiments on bad contact and surface insulation have been carried out, and it has been proved by the experiments that the intensity of the RF signal (above 10mV) can show the development and situation of the isolation contact and surface insulation failure. While high gain like 60dB was needed to the antenna. Since the intensity of the signal acquired was strongly affected by the position of the sensor and the case of shielding, locating the failure and identifying the disturbance from outside of the cubicle switchboard can be realized. Keywords-Radio Frequency signal; vacuum degree; surface insulation; isolation contact; online monitoring


From a low-frequency point of view, the moon provides excess to the virtually unexplored radio frequency domain below 30 MHz that is not accessible from Earth due to the atmospheric cutoff and interference from man-made RFI. We show that with a single low-frequency radio antenna the detection of the 21-cm Dark Ages signal is possible within integration times of months, and address the size and integration times required for a future low-frequency array to perform detailed tomography and power spectral analysis of the Dark Ages signal.


This paper considers test case selection for programs whose specifications are expressed by Boolean algebra. The approach is to select test cases based on Boolean specifications. Three test case selection strategies are proposed that aim at the detection of the literal insertion fault and the literal reference fault. Although the MAX‐B strategy proposed by Weyuker et al. guarantees detection of these types of faults, the proposed strategies are more effective in the sense that the derived test cases form a subset of those selected by the MAX‐B strategy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The chemistry of coordination complexes in the solid state has been investigated with a view towards developing new methods and processes for the deposition of materials. The processes investigated include the development of spin on metals and photolithographic deposition methods. In the spin on metal process a film of an appropriate complex is spin cast and thermalized to deposit the requisite metal. For photolithographic deposition a precursor film is deposited. Ultraviolet exposure of the films through an optical/UV lithography mask results in the patterning of materials in the exposed regions. The development of this method requires photochemically active complexes which efficiently eject ligands upon photolysis to produce the desired material in a solid state thin film. A generic reaction for the production of metal films is illustrated in equation 1. MLn(thin film) (Delta )hvyields M(thin film)+ n L(g). In this paper the thermal, photo and electron beam induced chemistry of thin films of inorganic complexes of lead and chromium is presented.


Multiview stereopsis (MVS) methods, which can reconstruct both the 3D geometry and texture from multiple images, have been rapidly developed and extensively investigated from the feature engineering methods to the data-driven ones. However, there is no dataset containing both the 3D geometry of large-scale scenes and high-resolution observations of small details to benchmark the algorithms. To this end, we present GigaMVS, the first gigapixel-image-based 3D reconstruction benchmark for ultra-large-scale scenes. The gigapixel images, with both wide field-of-view and high-resolution details, can clearly observe both the <italic>Palace</italic>-scale scene structure and <italic>Relievo</italic>-scale local details. The ground-truth geometry is captured by the laser scanner, which covers ultra-large-scale scenes with an average area of 8667 m<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^2$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fang-ieq1-3115028.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and a maximum area of 32007 m<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^2$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="fang-ieq2-3115028.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. Owing to the extremely large scale, complex occlusion, and gigapixel-level images, GigaMVS exposes problems that emerge from the poor scalability and efficiency of the existing MVS algorithms. We thoroughly investigate the state-of-the-art methods in terms of geometric and textural measurements, which point to the weakness of the existing methods and promising opportunities for future works. We believe that GigaMVS can benefit the community of 3D reconstruction and support the development of novel algorithms balancing robustness, scalability and accuracy.


Personal hygiene is a way of maintaining one's personal health both physically and psychologically which aims to prevent the outbreak of illness and improve health status. Data from the Padang Panjang City Health Office, the highest percentage of personal hygiene problems occurred at Merapi Padang Panjang Elementary School at 68%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between students' knowledge and attitudes to personal hygiene. This study uses descriptive correlational method using cross-sectional design. The sample technique used in this study is total sampling. The study was conducted in May 2018 with a sample of 80 students at SD Merapi Padang Panjang. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The statistical test used is chi-squere. The results of this study revealed 53.8% of students' knowledge about personal hygiene was low, 51.2% of students' attitudes about personal hygiene were classified as negative, 55% of students' personal hygiene was bad. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes to personal hygiene students of Padang Panjang Merapi Elementary School in 2018 with a value of p = 0,000. It is expected that teachers pay more attention to knowledge and attitudes to personal hygiene of elementary students because knowledge and attitudes can have the most influence on health status.


The Peace Corps was established on March 1, 1961 by President John F. Kennedy and authorized by Congress on September 22, 1961. Since 1961, over 200,000 Americans have joined the Peace Corps and have served in 139 countries.


This paper proposes an evolutionary model in which the assortativity level of matching is endogenously determined. We consider a population consisting of two cultural groups. Each group has a leader who aims to maximize the group's average fitness by exerting costly effort to enhance either within-group or cross-group social connections. Within-group social connections increase the assortativity level of matching and promote segregation, while cross-group social connections decrease the assortativity level of matching and encourage integration. We find that the endogenous process by which the assortativity level is determined can generate an intermediate level of assortativity that is neither complete segregation nor maximal integration and lead to a rich set of cultural phenomena including cultural heterogeneity, which cannot be accounted for in many cases if the assortativity level is given exogenously.


Hypersonic flows around a blunt body are studied with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Correlations between plasma prediction and gas components are obtained. It shows that it is Mach number which affects the peak number density of electrons. Numerical simulation agrees with theoretical analysis well. Differences between two gas models get greater as Mach number increases. The differences follow same trend at back taper with stagnation region. A 11-species chemical model should be applied to increase accuracy when reentry capsule flight at height of 60 km and Mach number is over 23.


The substitution of PPh{sub 3} for CO in the chiral heterotrimetallic Fe{sub 3}CoRhC(CO){sub 14} cluster is performed. It is established by using IR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy as well as countersynthesis that only one terminal CO ligand at the rhodium atom was replaced, leaving the configuration of the whole remaining molecule unchanged. The structure of the resulting product of substitution was confirmed by the results of the complete X-ray diffraction analysis.


To research the levels of plasma endo-toxin and its pathogenesis in patients with hemorrhag-ic fever with renal syndrome(HFR).Method The plasma endotoxin were measured with limulus lysate test with chromogenic substrate in 60 cases of HFRS, and the correlation wer analysed between the levels of plasma endotoxin and clinical manifestation, renal damage, shock and prognosis by t test and X2 test.Results The level of plasma endotoxin in 60 HFRS patiens (190. 15 ±108. 2Eu' L-1) was higher than that of control group(73. 47 ± 23. 41Eu、 L-1),and the endotoxiemia positive rate was 86. 6%. The plasma endotoxin level and endotoxiemia positive rate were obviously higher in all clinical phages(not includ convalescent period), especially in shock, uropenia and beginning urorrhngia pericd. The serum levels of en-dotoxin wee higher in sever type and fetal type and the patients with severe renal damage and cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion The serum levels of endotoxin and positive rate of endotoxiemia are higher in HFRS pa-tients, and it could be correlation with the clinical type, shock, renal damage and prognosis.


A 47-year-old man presented with complaints of right lower abdominal pain for a month. The pain was of moderate-to-severe intensity, nonradiating, and partially relieved on medication. Examination revealed a palpable mass of 6 × 4 cm size with well-defined margins, in a soft, nondistended abdomen with mild tenderness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) suggested appendicular abscess. Image-guided aspiration was done and thick yellow aspirate was sent for microbiological culture, reported sterile. The patient requested discharge and refused to undergo any further evaluation. He was explained about the impact of his decision and strictly advised to admit himself immediately in case of worsening complaints. Antibiotics and analgesics were advised.


In this paper a method for determining insulation parameters in an asymmetric network with a voltage of up to 1000 V for mining companies was developed. It is based on measuring the magnitude of the linear voltage, the phase-to-ground voltage, which has a minimum value before and after connecting capacitive additional conductivity between the phases of electrical network and the ground, and the phase angle between the phase-to-ground voltage vector and the linear voltage vector between other two phases.