Shipping projects, as land-based ones, are evaluated by using different measures of merit based on discounted cash flows. The bulk carrying industry, where costs are known better than revenues, adopted the required freight rate (RFR) and its derivative the economic cost of transport (ECT) as its major measures of merit. Shipping is a business exposed to many unforeseen risks. Although many of these risks are beyond the control of the shipowners/operators, they should all be carefully weighed during the process of project selection designed for investment decisions. One such risk is the expropriation of shore-based facilities built by the shipping operator at one or more termini of the maritime distribution channel. The operator has to assess the value and probability of risk and translate them into a premium which he will levy on each unit of goods transported. Adding this premium to the required freight rate together with the inventory holding costs and marine insurance charges will produce the real econ...


Aiming at the problem that the production process of corundum refractory is complex and the product quality cannot be predicted effectively, a quality forecasting model based on support vector regression is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an effective data set is extracted according to corundum production characteristics. The least angle regression method is applied to select feature. Then linear combination method is used to obtain a customized kernel function for support vector regression model, where the model is optimized with cross-validation. The experimental results indicate the proposed model can predict corundum quality accurately and has good fitting ability and practicality.


General analytical expressions for cross sections for direct ionization in atom–atom collisions are evaluated using the classical impulse approximation. The approach is also applied to ion–atom and molecule–molecule interactions. The overall accuracy of the obtained cross sections in a broad range of energy is better, when compared with existing measurements for many collision systems, than accuracy of other analytical predictions available in literature.


This article charts how movies were integrated into the existing popular print culture of weekend newspapers in North America between 1911 and 1915. Neither the movie theatre nor the newspaper should be given priority as the primary site of cinema culture. The practice of reading a newspaper's film page would be incomplete without a trip to join the mass audience at a movie theatre; conversely, a moviegoer's pleasure could be whetted by the print supplement. Early, isolated experiments in metropolitan newspapers led to syndicates offering film pages for reproduction in small town papers. With the proliferation of moving picture publicity in newspapers throughout 1913, film studios began to collaborate with newspaper syndicates on a continental scale. Movie stories appeared in daily and weekly forms in various newspapers chains, well beyond the familiar 'serial queen' fiction tie-in. A subscription to the newspaper could become a commitment to engage with the mass market for movies. Insofar as a public is constituted through publicity, audiences are conjoined to readerships through the periodic call to participate in mass leisure with other readers.


Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plus bone substitute matrix used to repair defects in the viscerocranium has been demonstrated to be equally as effective at regenerating bone as autografts. The creation of fewer surgical sites, reduced operative and recovery time, and infection prevention are all potential benefits of this novel approach, especially for patients with conditions that complicate surgical management and recovery. Case presentation: A 33-year-old male with schizophrenia presented with trauma-induced bilateral mandibular fractures. Premorbid mental health factors and a complicated clinical trajectory precluded traditional management using bone autografts to repair mandibular defects and restore occlusive alignment. Instead, a composite matrix consisting of cadaver-derived bone chips and PRP was used to span 1 and 1.5 cm mandibular gaps. No complications were identified and occlusion with adequate alignment and function was achieved. Conclusion: We report the first patient to undergo surgical repair for multiple trauma-induced mandibular bone defects using a matrix made only of bone substitute and PRP.


At present the international competition depends on the competition of the innovative talents.Training and cultivating high quality innovative talents is the historical mission for the high education institutions.To achieve this mission,we would face the different kinds of challenges such as:establishing the innovative concepts,building up a group of creative teachers,creating the innovative campus atmosphere,informing the mode of our education and the means of teaching,furthermore,improving the assessment method.


When various alkyl, alkoxy, xylyl and heterocyclic carbamates were tested in the laboratory with piperonyl butoxide synergist (1:5 ratio) against strains of the house fly ( Musca domestica L.) selected with carbamate, chlorinated hydrocarbon, organophosphorus, and nitroparaffin insecticides, the resistance observed was below the 10-fold level. An exception was a strain selected with Chlorthion® ( O -(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate) and subsequently with ronnel ( O -(2, 4,5-trichlorophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), which showed a 129-fold level of resistance to synergized Sevin® (1-naphthyl N -methylcarbamate) but only 5.6-fold resistance to synergized Dimetilan® (2-dimethylcarbamyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate). This specificity of cross-resistance was attributed to parallels in the chemical configurations of ronnel and Sevin.

Maximal treatment of flies with piperonyl butoxide did not offset resistance entirely, and it was concluded that carbamate resistance is in part due to components insensitive to the action of piperonyl butoxide.


Word of mouth is nowadays being seen as the single most influential marketing tool. Organizations therefore try to stimulate this by asking their consumers to recommend the brand to their relatives. Organizations often give rewards to stimulate WOM even more. A lot of research has been done to when consumers make a referral and the impact of this referral on the receiver. However the question is what is the impact of this unrewarded/rewarded referral on the sender?
In this article an experiment is described in which the impact of making a referral to a friend on the sender is tested. The influence of WOM on the dependent variables, intrinsic motivation to make a referral, the affective commitment and the behavioural loyalty towards the brand are tested. The article makes three contributions to the literature. Evidence has been found that an unrewarded referral leads to a higher intrinsic motivation of the sender. However, if the sender was rewarded for the referral, then the referral leads to a lower intrinsic motivation then when the sender was not rewarded. This research also investigated the link between intrinsic motivation and behavioural loyalty. It was found that intrinsic motivation influences affective commitment, which then influences behavioural loyalty.


Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic case has attacked more than 203 countries around the world. WHO states that Covid-19 can be transmitted from person to person through close contact and droplets. The groups most at risk of contracting this disease are people who have contact with Covid-19 patients, including those who treat Covid-19 patients, and people who are treated in infected areas. The purpose of this study was to describe the factors of newcomers, the trend of newcomers and the trend (trend) of positive confirmation cases of Covid-19 in Pekalongan City for the period April-June 2020. This research is an analytical survey research with analytical descriptive research method to present the profiles of Pekalongan residents who fall into the category comer. Based on the results obtained, the total number of immigrants who entered the Pekalongan City area was 1995 (South Pekalongan District with 312 migrants, East Pekalongan 431 migrants, West Pekalongan as many as 548 migrants and North Pekalongan as many as 704 migrants). The trend of arrivals in Pekalongan City for the period April - June 2020 shows a decline at the end of the incident period. The number or the highest peak occurred in the second week of decline with 161 people and the lowest in the VIII week (first week of June 2020) with 19 people. The trend of arrivals is directly proportional to positive cases of Covid-19, which continue to increase every week. The peak of the increase in positive cases of Covid-19 in Pekalongan City occurred in week II (early April 2020) of 12 cases. An increase in these cases came from people returning from international activities. This increase is also due to decreased public awareness in undergoing health protocols according to the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. HK. 01. 07 / MENKES / 382 in 2020 with the enactment of the New Normal Era.


Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) relies on the electrical induction of generalized seizures to treat major depressive disorder and other psychiatric illnesses. These planned procedures provide a clinically relevant model system for studying neurophysiologic characteristics of generalized seizures. We recently described novel central-positive complexes (CPCs), which were observed during ECT-induced seizures as generalized, high-amplitude waveforms with maximum positive voltage over the vertex. Here, we performed a systematic characterization of 6,928 CPC ictal waveforms recorded in 11 patients undergoing right unilateral (RUL) ECT. Analyses of high-density 65-electrode EEG recordings during these 50 seizures allowed evaluation of these CPCs across temporal, spatial, and spectral domains. Peak-amplitude CPC scalp topology was consistent across seizures, showing maximal positive polarity over the midline fronto-central region and maximal negative polarity over the suborbital regions. Total duration of CPCs positively correlated with the time required for return of responsiveness after ECT treatment (r = 0.39, p = 0.005). The rate of CPCs showed a frequency decline consistent with an exponential decay (median 0.032 (IQR 0.053) complexes/second). Gamma band (30-80 Hz) oscillations correlated with the peak amplitude of CPCs, which was also reproducible across seizures, with band power declining over time (r = -0.32, p < 10-7). The sources of these peak potentials were localized to the bilateral medial thalamus and cingulate cortical regions. Our findings demonstrated CPC characteristics that were invariant to participant, stimulus charge, time, and agent used to induce general anesthesia during the procedure. Consistent with ictal waveforms of other generalized epilepsy syndromes, CPCs showed topographic distribution over the fronto-central regions, predictable intra-seizure frequency decline, and correlation with gamma-range frequencies. Furthermore, source localization to the medial thalamus was consistent with underlying thalamocortical pathophysiology, as established in generalized epilepsy syndromes. The consistency and reproducibility of CPCs offers a new avenue for studying the dynamics of seizure activity and thalamocortical networks.


A team of researchers wanted to learn whether AP teachers using a project-based learning (PBL) approach could develop students' deep learning of knowledge and skills while preparing them for their AP exams. They used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the Knowledge in Action (KIA) project-based curricula for AP courses. KIA students outperformed non-KIA students on AP exams, including within subgroups. Though the shift to PBL required considerable pedagogical changes, teachers and students perceived benefits beyond AP performance, and the majority of teachers planned to continue using PBL after the study. The pattern of results was consistent for two years and in two courses, AP U.S. Government and AP Environmental Science. Results support teacher-driven adoption of KIA for students from both lower- and higher-income households and in both courses.


The importance of a child's early formative years in education is acknowledged worldwide. The Sarawakian student's experience to gain formal education includes many challenges, considering that the state faces the greatest infrastructure challenges, also being the state with the highest percentage of rural schools in Malaysia, and which falls in the low socio economic status. Despite it all, the success story of SK Ulu Lubai achieving 100% of passes in the UPSR exam since 2006 is a proof that despite poor rural conditions, Sarawakian schools and students are able to excel in terms of academic standards. While the Malaysian education system offers a variety of opportunities to assist students from the rural outreach, many factors contribute and influence their success. This study aims to explore problems faced and factors that lead to excellent academic performance among students in Sarawak, through a quantitative case study research. A purposive sampling of eight Sarawakian bumiputera or indigenous student were interviewed. There are nine research questions altogether and they were all plotted from the research objectives. Findings and discussion included Challenges of Primary and Secondary ry Education, Early Experience of Primary and Secondary Education, Ways to Study, Problems Affecting Learning, Solutions Leading to Growth, Location of Study, Ways to Share Knowledge, Unique Qualities for Success, and the External Factors Helping Success. The findings of this study were able to answer all the research questions.


In this paper, we use game theory to mitigate self-interference among cognitive radio based IEEE 802.22 networks such that these networks can efficiently co-exist. When a network experiences interference, it can adopt either one of two choices-switch to a new band hoping to find a non-interfering one, or stay with its current band hoping that the interfering network(s) will move away to a new band. We model the spectrum band switching process as an infinite horizon repeated game where the aim of each network (player) is to find a channel void of interference from it's neighboring networks incurring minimal cost. We investigate both pure and mixed strategy solution space of the game and show that pure strategy solution of the game is infeasible. Thus a mixed strategy is proposed which achieves subgame-perfect Nash Equilibrium. Simulation results reveal that using the proposed strategies, each network can find a clear channel quickly and at the same time incur a low cost.


Purpose The aim of this study was to screen for keratoconus (KC) in a sample of children with Down syndrome (DS) and to correlate the changes of combined Scheimpflug and optical coherence tomography imaging in these children and to compare it with an age-matched control group with healthy cornea. Patients and methods This was a prospective, case–control, analytic study that included 52 eyes of 26 children, who were divided into two groups: 13 with DS (group A) and 13 age-matched healthy controls (group B). Both groups were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug camera topographer (Sirius, CSO). Results KC-like features were detected in 61.5% of the patients in the DS group. Assessment of the corneal parameters showed statistically significant correlation between Sirius topography and AS-OCT epithelium and pachymetry maps parameters in the DS group. Conclusion Corneal features compatible with the diagnosis of KC were common findings in children with DS. Combined use of AS-OCT epithelial mapping and corneal topography is of high significance and can be used for screening and early detection of KC in patients with DS.


Conference papers Measurement of the branching ratios of B0 D(*)l+ nu (untagged analysis) Calibration of the Belle II hadronic Full Event Interpretation (FEI) Measurement of the hadronic mass moments of B Xc l+ nu decays Measurement of the branching ratios of B0 D*l+ nu (using the hadronic FEI) Rediscovery of B0 pil+ nu (using the hadronic FEI) Calibration of the Belle II B FlavorTagger Rediscovery of B phi K(*) decays, and measurement of the longitudinal polarization fraction of B phi K* Branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries of B Charmless decays Measurement of the tau lepton mass Public results based on data Sensitivity studies based on the simulation


The importance of play and playfulness has been recognized from Greek philosophy to contemporary psychology, while play has been primarily limited to the population of children in the use of mental health therapy. Play in adult couples counseling has been recently brought to the attention of mental health clinicians, while no clinical studies have yet been done. This study explored the effects of integrated play therapy on relationship satisfaction and intimacy in couples counseling through a clinical case study.


18 Ss were required to perform a visual vigilance task for 2 hr. while breathing either 21% O2 (sea level) or 10 9% O2 (17,000 ft.). The 2-hr. trial period contained either no rest periods, one 10-min. rest period, or three 10-min. rest periods. Vigilance performance deteriorated under 10.9% O2, and the introduction of rest periods did not reduce this decrement. Of two individual difference measures taken, IQ and Sensation-seeking score, only IQ related to vigilance performance and only at sea level (21% O2).


This article shows results of study on the biodegradation of PET used as substrate for the growth of ligninolytic fungi. The samples had dimensions of 4 cm², cut from bottles of carbonated soft drink virgin (before use in industry), were subjected to disinfection according to standard ASTM G22-76 (1990), subsequently inoculated into petri dishes with microorganisms fungi: Pleurotus florida, Lentinula edodes (Beck. Pegler) and Ganoderma lucidum. The determination of mass loss PET was based on method ASTM D5247-92 (1992), where the samples were weighed prior and subsequent of period of incubation, which was conducted in an incubator at 20°C for 120 days. Been realized still the analyzes of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of samples of PET before and after the fungal degradation. According to the data obtained it was found that the fungi studied have potential for degradation of PET, because the masses of the samples were reduced.


The initial two meetings of the International Prostatitis Collaborative Network (IPCN), held in 1998 and 1999, accomplished the four original objectives of the collaborative group:

To review the recommendations of the NIH Prostatitis Steering Committee in regard to the new definition and classification system for the prostatitis syndrome.

To review the use of the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) as a valid outcome measure in clinical research in prostatitis.

To develop International Consensus Guidelines for future research in the prostatitis syndromes.

To provide an international forum for the presentation of original research in prostatitis.

The new definition and classification of the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is now accepted by this international prostatitis research group as the standard system to be used in clinical trials. The NIHCPSI is accepted by researchers, journal editors, and regulatory bodies as a valid outcome measure in prostatitis trials. The IPCN is promoting the translation and validation of the NIH-CPSI in languages other than English. Consensus guidelines for research in CP/CPPS have been developed and published1 and are now being employed in standardized prostatitis clinical treatment protocols. The largest collection of original research studies in prostatitis was presented at the second annual meeting of the IPCN in 1999.2

The third annual IPCN meeting convened in Washington in October 2000. Its objectives were:

To continue to provide an international forum for presentation of prostatitis research.

To begin the process of developing guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis.

To provide "State of the Art" updates in relevant fields in prostatitis research.


The twenty-first century has witnessed widespread global financial crises, public health emergencies, loss of livelihoods and lives. These crises destructively affected communities and economies globally, resulting in massive social and economic disruptions. We have seen how these crises have brutally constricted financing conditions for many businesses across the revenue spectrum, disrupting supply chains, trade, and investment flows (Chaiechi, 2014a). These disastrous events have overwhelmingly impacted the population's economic, physical and mental well-being, particularly those in vulnerable situations.


Chemical Abstracts Service has recently introduced a new data base, CA SEARCH, which is supposed to replace CA CONDENSATES and CASIA, and which is, in effect, a combination of the two. Two major U.S. search services, Lockheed Retrieval Service (LRS) and System Development Corporation (SDC), offer access to CA SEARCH. Bibliographic Retrieval Service (BRS) will also soon load CA SEARCH, but is presently offering CA CONDENSATES.


The problem of patients' noncompliance is discussed, noting possible biases in estimates of prevalence (18 to 82%) which may overestimate compliance rates and frequent failure to define conditions constituting compliance. This survey obtained information on the nature and incidence of noncompliance from a "healthy," Census-based, sample (n = 148), age 20 to 79 years. Data were examined to identify relationships among variables in compliance and demographic characteristics. The typical household had 3.9 prescribed drugs, 46% of respondents chose generic products, 54% preferred tablets or pills, and 69% cited physicians as their primary information source on medications. Rates were identified for obtaining and using all prescribed drugs and following frequency and dose instructions for prescriptions. Full compliance was reported by 25%, and seriousness of illness was the most important factor cited as an influence.


The author presents a study on outer protection for power cable accessories in which he concludes that there are a number of significant thermo-mechanical defects that are present in XLPE power cables but that all of these can be accommodated fully if they are taken into account in both the power cable and installation design.


Abstract This paper reviews research bearing on the development of spoken word recognition, from studies of speech perception in infancy and early word productions through investigations of word recognition proper and explicit phoneme segmentation ability in middle childhood. In contrast to the assumption of two prominent models of adult recognition (the cohort model of Marslen-Wilson, 1987, and the neighborhood activation model of Luce, 1986b), the bulk of the developmental research indicates that lexical representation and processing are not, at the outset, segmentally based; instead, they are more holistic in nature. Segmental restructuring of lexical representations begins largely with the "vocabulary growth spurt" in late infancy/toddlerhood and associated pressures for more detailed and efficient storage of lexical items. However, this restructuring is a protracted process that extends over the preschool years, because there is still substantial growth during this period in terms of overall vocabulary size and the familiarity of individual lexical items. Such continued vocabulary growth (and thus the dynamic nature of intra- and interlexical representations) dictates that the use of partial, word-initial acoustic-phonetic input does not always constitute a reliable basis for recognition, as it does for the adult. Extant variations in the segmental structure of basic lexical representations and/or the use of such structure for recognition in the preschool period may contribute to individual differences in explicit phoneme segmentation ability, and thus early reading success.


In BriefThis study was performed to address the possibility of screening for ocular bleeds (Terson's syndrome [TS]) in critically ill patients with a brain bleed (acute subarachnoid hemorrhage) through an advanced eye imaging technique, i.e., optical coherence tomography (OCT). TS can damage the retina and cause legal blindness. An early diagnosis of TS using OCT may guide the patient's need for surgery, improve quality of life, and decrease associated health care costs.


A low noise active integrated antenna receiver is presented. This new design consists of a pair of low noise amplifiers (LNA) integrated on each feed of a dual-feed planar quasi-Yagi antenna. The outputs of the LNAs are combined to form a sum and difference radiation pattern suitable for monopulse radar applications. Simulation and measurement methodology for designing a low noise active integrated antenna receiver is also presented. A peak gain of 7.7 dB and minimum noise figure of 3.6 dB is measured for a C-band prototype.


Today, virtually all British farms take a supply of electricity from the mains, and during the last financial year, they consumed 2970 GWh; electricity is now a tool in the hands of all engaged in British farming


This paper examines the effect of heterogeneous chemical reaction on the transport of a solute in a Casson fluid flow through an annular pipe under a periodic pressure gradient. Aris–Barton's method of moments is employed to understand the transport process. A finite difference implicit scheme is utilized to solve the momentum equation as well as the integral moment equation arising from the unsteady convective diffusion equation. Using the Hermite polynomial representation, the mean concentration distribution in the axial direction is acquired from the first four central moments. The transport phenomenon is discussed by three transport coefficients, namely exchange, advection, and dispersion coefficients owing to wall reactions, yield stress, radius ratio, etc. The present study can, therefore, be helpful to understand the transport process in blood flow through arteries.


The Agricultural Act of 2014 replaced dairy product price supports and countercyclical income support payments with the Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers. Using farm-level data, producer decisions and aggregate policy costs under a variety of risk environments and policy design alternatives are simulated. Fixed premium rates may result in budget outlays that are substantially higher than for equivalent variable-rate insurance subsidized at levels observed in revenue-based crop insurance policies. Due to the absence of adjusted gross income or production eligibility constraints, a significant portion of benefits may accrue to a small share of large dairy farms.


Recent astrophysical observations, pertaining to either high-redshift supernovae or cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations, as those measured recently by the WMAP satellite, provide us with data of unprecedented accuracy, pointing towards two (related) facts: (i) our Universe is accelerated at present, and (ii) more than 70 % of its energy content consists of an unknown substance, termed dark energy, which is believed responsible for its current acceleration. Both of these facts are a challenge to String theory. In this review I outline briefly the challenges, the problems and possible avenues for research towards a resolution of the Dark Energy issue in string theory.


This multi-edited, mutli-authored paperback signals in its title that its thrust is a political economic one and not about technical aspects of food production. There is more than a hint in the title of a stance which is underlined in the first page of the editors' introduction where they write of anger at 'the obscene connections between abundance and scarcity' and 'emotional commitment'. This compilation of essays from the research group of the Development Policy and Practice of the Open University is projected as an analysis of the reasons for the imbalance between the 'developed capitalist countries' and the hunger of the people of the Third World. According to the editors the facts do not 'speak for themselves' except for those 'already converted'. There is need, they maintain, for analysis. By the second page the reader is in no doubt about the commitment and standpoint of the book and its contributors. Clearly the book is another addition to what the editors refer to as 'the critical campaigning literature' and the reader might be forgiven for wondering about the objectivity of what is to come. The opinion laden essay titles which include such phrases as 'food aid imperialism', 'real needs', 'gender conflict' do not leave much room for doubt as to the viewpoint of the writers. For example, although the analysis of the consequences of the Green Revolution in India (Chapter 7) gives an additional dimension to the technical achievement of high yielding cereal varieties, reminding us that technical improvements alone do not provide solutions, one is left thinking, was it all so unhelpful? This book is not a balanced evaluation of the food question nor does it purport to be so. It is provocative and questioning and will reinforce the views of the like-minded. I suspect, however, that it will not be wholly persuasive to the uncommitted albeit concerned reader.


The geothermal resource potential of Colorado is expressed in numerous thermal springs and wells found throughout the western half of the state. In most instances the thermal waters of Colorado are unused, with minor amounts of thermal waters being used for recreation, space heating, domestic, and miscellaneous agricultural purposes. Although many energy companies have expressed interest in the geothermal resources of Colorado and have acquired leases to federal, state, and private lands, no large-scale development has yet occurred. During the investigation, 127 thermal springs and wells (temperatures in excess of 20/sup 0/C or 68/sup 0/F) were located, and field measurements of such physical parameters as discharge, pH, conductivity, and temperature were made. Water samples were collected for wet chemical and atomic absorption analysis. A major effort of this investigation was an appraisal of the reservoir temperature through the use of four geothermometer models: silica, mixing model, sodium-potassium, and sodium-potassium-calcium. Research has shown that a relationship exists between the concentration levels of certain ions in thermal waters and reservoir temperatures.


The phenolics content and some related oxidase activities were determined between healthy and browning spot fruits with bagging in Huangguan pears,the results indicated that there were higher phenolics content and activities of POD and PPO,but not significant difference on SOD activity of peel and flesh in serious peel browning fruits than those in healthy ones,and meanwhile,the content of phenolics and activities of POD,PPO and SOD were higher in browning spot zone than those healthy one.After the application of spraying to the fruit surface with 1% CaCl_2,0.1 mmol/L CPZ,0.1 mmol/L TFP,0.5 mmol/L SO and 0.05 mmol/L EB,the content of phenolics was not obviously affected by all treatments,but the peel browning spot was stimulated only by EB,and more,the PPO activity was decreased by CaCl_2,but increased by SO,EB and TFP,as well as was slightly influenced by CPZ.These showed that the occurrence of peel browning was closely related to the marked rise of PPO activity,and Ca~(2+)-CaM system and Ca~(2+)-ATPase might be involved in this browning process.


This article studies the problem of obstacle-avoidance tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear robot systems in multiple-dynamic-obstacles environment. The main challenge focuses on how to simultaneously ensure tracking performance and obstacle avoidance. The existing collision-avoidance tracking control schemes cannot guarantee the tracking performance inside the obstacle detection region, since the use of additive Lyapunov-barrier function (LBF) generates the dynamic mismatching. To overcome this difficulty, a novel integral-multiplicative LBF is constructed. The adaptive mechanism is designed to compensate for the mismatching uncertainties. By incorporating the barrier function into backstepping procedure, a secure adaptive tracking control scheme is proposed. Compared with the existing results, the proposed control scheme can simultaneously achieve the obstacle avoidance and tracking performance regardless of being inside the obstacle sensing region and unknown nonlinear uncertainties.


Schur's [14] Markov-type extremal problem asks to find the maximum (1) sup −1≤ξ≤1 sup Pn∈Bn,ξ,2 |P (1) n (ξ)|, where Bn,ξ,2 = {Pn ∈ Bn : P (2) n (ξ) = 0} ⊂ Bn = {Pn : |Pn(x)| ≤ 1 for |x| ≤ 1} and Pn is an algebraic polynomial of degree ≤ n. Erdös and Szegö [3] found that for n ≥ 4 this maximum is attained if ξ = ±1 and Pn ∈ Bn,ξ,2 is a (unspecified) member of the 1-parameter family of hard-core Zolotarev polynomials Zn,t. Our first result centers around the proof in [3] for the initial case n = 4 and is three-fold: (i) the numerical value for (1) in ([3], (7.9)) is not correct, but sufficiently precise; (ii) from preliminary work in [3] can in fact be deduced a closed analytic expression for (1) if n = 4, allowing numerical evaluation to any precision; (iii) even the explicit power form representation of an extremal Z4,t = Z4,t∗ can be deduced from [3], thus providing an exemplification of Schur's problem that seems to be novel. Additionally, we cross-check its validity twice: firstly by deriving Z4,t∗ conversely from a general formula for Z4,t that we have given in [12], and secondly by applying Theorem 5.10 in [11]. We then turn to a generalized solution of Schur's problem, to k -th derivatives, by Shadrin [16]. Again we provide in explicit form the corresponding maximum as well as an extremizer polynomial for the first non-trivial degree n = 4. Finally, we contribute to the fuller description of Z4,t by providing its critical points in explicit form. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 26C05, 26D10, 41A10, 41A17, 41A29, 41A44, 41A50.


Background: There have been various studies into the family caregivers' experiences in taking care of advanced-cancer patients. But, a study exploring the burden among family caregivers has not yet been conducted in Indonesia, a country which has strong family bonds among family members.Objective: This present study aimed to identify the burden among family caregivers of advanced cancer patients.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 on 178 consenting family caregivers and advanced cancer patients, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) was used to measure their burden. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyzes and bivariate analyzes.Results: The burden among family caregivers was 2.38 ± 0.38 (mean range 1-5). The highest burden was in the disrupted schedule domain.Conclusion: Our findings identified that the burden among family caregivers was at the medium level. The length of care per day and family support are potential targets for preventative intervention strategies to reduce the burden among the family caregivers.


This article addresses the susceptibility of the traditional theoretical frame-work of the educational production function to political influence and personal bias. Much of this influence and bias is derived form the predominantly deductive approach that is commonly used. In using this approach, researchers are driven to test the statistical significance of preconceived notions, personal or political in origin, of how the education system works. An alternative approach, using an inductive process and nonlinear algorithms, is presented. It is suggested that use of both deductive and inductive approaches will provide a more holistic picture of how schools work.


The research was measured in office Building applying diffuser for cold air distribution. Based on the measured data, it is aimed at the distribution of indoor thermal environment and to determine the temperature distribution around the diffuser. Also, research investigated characteristics of the building cold air distribution system and prediction of condensation region on the diffuser. The results, the indoor temperature was maintained below 26℃.


A popular numerical method to model the dynamics of a 'full spectrum' of cosmic rays (CRs), also applicable to radiation/neutrino hydrodynamics (RHD), is to discretize the spectrum at each location/cell as a piecewise power law in 'bins' of momentum (or frequency) space. This gives rise to a pair of conserved quantities (e.g. CR number and energy) which are exchanged between cells or bins, that in turn give the update to the normalization and slope of the spectrum in each bin. While these methods can be evolved exactly in momentum-space (considering injection, absorption, continuous losses/gains), numerical challenges arise dealing with spatial fluxes, if the scattering rates depend on momentum. This has often been treated by either by neglecting variation of those rates 'within the bin,' or sacrificing conservation -- introducing significant errors. Here, we derive a rigorous treatment of these terms, and show that the variation within the bin can be accounted for accurately with a simple set of scalar correction coefficients that can be written entirely in terms of other, explicitly-evolved 'bin-integrated' quantities. This eliminates the relevant errors without added computational cost, has no effect on the numerical stability of the method, and retains manifest conservation. We derive correction terms both for methods which explicitly integrate flux variables (two-moment or M1-like) methods, as well as single-moment (advection-diffusion, FLD-like) methods, and approximate corrections valid in various limits.


A mother who murders her child challenges the empathic skills of evaluating clinicians. In this chapter, original research, supplemented by detailed case histories, compares women adjudicated criminally responsible for the murders of their children with those adjudicated not guilty by reason of insanity.


Abstract This article focuses on the jurisdictional conflicts that emerged at the juncture of the transplanted legalities that followed the Caucasian expulsion in the 1850s and 1860s, the proclamation of the proto-constitution known as the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, and the internationally enforced ban on trading in African slaves in 1857. Starting with the Caucasian expulsion, it traces how legal practices were carried over with Caucasian refugees to the Ottoman domains and how the judicial management of slavery-related conflicts determined not only the limits of slavery, but also how such liberal "fictions" as freedom or equality before the law were vernacularized by local agents in the Ottoman Empire. Navigating within a set of what were labeled as freedom suits (hürriyet davaları), I examine how enslaved refugees built their claims in relation to different legal terrains, problems, and concepts. I argue that while Caucasian-Ottoman slavery was economically marginal, it nonetheless posed serious challenges to the new political order the Ottomans aspired to establish, and the abolition that never came continued to bend categories of ethnicity, race, and gender in the decades after expulsion.


Abstract When changes in molecular organization of the capsular polysaccharide of Rhizobium trifolii (strain TA-I) are monitored by the standard technique of optical rotation (OR), a particularly strange phenomenon is observed. The OR change, during heating (to melt the gel network), continues initially in the same direction as the change observed on cooling (negative contribution), and is then followed by the expected reversal of sign (positive contribution), giving rise to an anomalous dip in the OR-temperature profile. This unusual feature is absent in the temperature dependence of optical rotation on heating at concentrations below about 5.5 mg/mL and reaches its maximum depth at the highest concentration used (16 mg/mL). As a result, the change in specific rotation decreases by about a factor of 4 between 0.1 and 16 mg/mL but the accompanying enthalpy change shows no evidence of a reduction in the extent of conformational ordering at higher concentrations. However, rapid decrease of temperature for the Rhizobium samples produces a large positive shift in OR, suggesting an antagonism between network formation (negative contribution), which is favoured by slow cooling rates, and chiral structures of competing optical activity (positive contribution) which are more effective on rapid cooling. The chiral aggregates, entrapped within the network, ate also responsible for positive differential scattering as detected by circular dichroism.


Objectives: To study the nutrient foramina of the dried human clavicle with respectto their position, number and direction for clinical interest. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. Period: Six monthsfrom July to December 2017. Material and Methods: 60 dried human clavicles taken frombone bank of Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. The foraminawere studied according to their location, and number and direction. The foramina index wascalculated using Hughes Formula by measuring the average total length and average lengthof foramina from sternal end of the clavicle. Results: The nutrient foramen was observed in all60(100%) of the clavicle. Single foramen was present in 22 (36.6%) clavicle and double foramenin 30(50%) clavicle. Triple and quadruple foramen in 6(10%) and 2(3.3%) clavicles respectively.The 34 left clavicles posses single foramen 12 (41.1%), double foramen 14(35.2%) while tripleand quadruple are 6(17.6%) and 2(5.8%) respectively. Total 26 right clavicles had 10 (38.4%)single foramen and 16(61.5%) double foramen. Total number of foramen in all 60 clavicleswere 108 of which 61.1% are located on posterior surface of the clavicle, 27% were found oninferior surface and rest 11.1% were on anterior surface. The clavicle having more than oneforamina are 28 out of which 64.2% was having both inferior and posterior foramina, 21.4 % wasanterior and posterior while 14.28% was located on triple sites anterior, inferior and posterior.We also found 90% of foramina were present on middle 1/3 and 10% on lateral 1/3. 98.3% ofthe foramina were directed to acromial end while rest 1.7 % to sternal end. The mean length offoramina from sternal end is 7.46 cm and mean maximum length of the clavicle was 14.51cm.The mean foramina index was 51.41. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that most ofthe foramina are located on middle 3rd of the clavicle the commonest site of the fractures of thebone. Most of the foramina are located on the posterior surface denoting its blood supply fromthe neighboring blood supply. The knowledge of the foramina and its blood supply is importantfor fracture healing and bone grafting.


OBJECTVE: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body weight perception and eating disorder symptoms. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged between 12 and 29 years old in Porto Alegre, Brazil (n=513). The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was assessed by using two instruments: the Eating Attitudes Test - 26 (EAT-26) and the Bulimic Investigator Test (BITE). The results of the screening tests were evaluated separately and as a score combination of both instruments. Body weight perception was assessed using two questions: a) what was regarded as the ideal weight, and b) self-perception of body weight. The body mass index was calculated by dividing the square of the height (cm) by the weight (kg). RESULTS: Regarding the results of the combined scores, 30.2% of the interviewed women were classified as having risk of eating disorder and 11.3% had abnormal eating behavior. The sample's mean BMI was 21.9 (SD=3.8); 82.4% were classified as normal, 1.6% as thin and 16.1% as overweight/obese. Of the total of the study women, 46% had an ideal weight lower than their actual weight and 37.8% considered themselves fat. Among women with normal BMI, 25.2% that were classified as normal presented risk of abnormal eating behavior and 5.7% had eating disorder symptoms. Among women who considered themselves fat, 47.2% presented risk behaviors and 19.2% had eating disorder symptoms. The risk for eating disorder symptoms among women who saw themselves as fat was four times higher than among those who perceived their weight as normal (odds ratio 4.50; 95% CI 2.88-7.01; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In the assessment of body weight perception, "to feel fat" reveals to play a more important role in the determination of abnormal eating behavior than the Body Mass Index.


The prime graph GK(G) of a finite group G is the graph whose vertex set is the set of prime divisors of |G| and in which two distinct vertices r and s are adjacent if and only if there exists an element of G of order rs. Let Altn denote the alternating group of degree n. Assume that p ≥ 13 is a prime and n is an integer such that p ≤ n ≤ p+3. We prove that if G is a finite group such that GK(G) = GK(Altn), then G has a unique nonabelian composition factor, and this factor is isomorphic to Altt, where p ≤ t ≤ p+ 3.


Small angle x‐ray scattering is performed on the crystals of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene up to Porod's region. The scattering intensity I obeys a power law for the magnitude of the scattering vector q for large values of q: I∼q−α. The exponent α is smaller than 4 given by Porod's law. If it is assumed that the folded chain crystals and the extended chain crystals have the fractal surface, the fractal dimension is from 2.2 to 2.8 depending on the crystallizing condition.


D iphytanoylphosphatidylcholine DPhPC (or ester-DPhPC), ΔG desolvation free energy of water desolvation, ΔG lipophilicity free energy of lipophilicity or hydrophobicity, ΔG desolv,CDS free energy of water desolvation of the cavitation dispersion solvent structure (CDS), ΔG lipo,CDS free energy of lipophilicity or hydrophobicity for the CDS, DM dipole moment DM, R 2 multiple correlation coefficient, F the F test of significance, SEE standards errors for the estimates, SE(ΔG desolvation ) standard errors of ΔG desolvation , SE(ΔG lipophilicity ), standard errors of ΔG lipophilicity , SE(Dipole Moment) standard errors for dipole moments, SE (Molecular Volume) standard errors for molecular volumes as calculated from "t" distribution statistics, Abstract A previously described equation using the free energy of water desolvation (ΔG desolv,CDS ), the lipophilicity free energy (ΔG lipo,CDS ), dipole moment and molecular volume that describes the ability of drugs to cross the blood brain barrier and other cell membranes has been shown to apply to transdermal permeation when combined with ultrasound treatment. The dipole moment is particularly important when seeking to predict how drugs will interact with the transient pores in the cell membrane or blood conductance spikes occurring during the opening and closing of these transient pores. The opening and closing of lipidic pores also involve electrically invisible (silent) pre-pores.


A framework is an integrated system that sets the rules of Automation of a specific product. This system integrates the function libraries, test data sources, object details and various reusable modules. This paper proposes a framework, used for diagnosing and performance analysis of intermediate network nodes such as load balancer, routers, servers etc. For analyzing the performance 'm' number of servers and 'n' number of clients are considered. This framework will help developers working on network nodes to check for the performance of network node component and also to detect the errors in the algorithms.


In the present study, split tensile strength of self compacting concrete with different amount of ZrO 2 nanoparticles has been investigated. ZrO 2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were added partially to cement paste (Portland cement together with polycarboxylate superplasticizer) and split tensile strength of the specimens has been measured. The results indicate that ZrO 2 nanoparticles are able to improve split tensile strength of concrete and recover the negative effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizer. ZrO 2 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 4 wt. (%) could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca(OH) 2 amount at the early age of hydration. The increased the ZrO 2 nanoparticles' content more than 4 wt. (%), causes the reduced the split tensile strength because of unsuitable dispersion of nanoparticles in the concrete matrix.


The field of liver disease glycobiology is a new area of molecular target in liver disease.With the progression of disease,the glycosylation of protein results in complex modification of post-translation.The variations of glycan are consistent with activity of glycosyltransferase and glycolysase.Consequently,the glycosyltransferase and glycosylase related with liver disease may be a new treatment target of hepaticellular carcinma.The serum N-glycome analysis is a new method for diagnosing liver cirrhosis and hepaticellular carcinoma.These progressions suggest that a new era of liver glycobiology is coming.


This presentation was used to teach social work students in University of Lujibliana, Slovenia on the potential application of using the arts in their social work practice.


The following article presents part of the results displayed in the University Research Project on the topic "Research on the European practices in the aestheticism of the tourist sites". The latter research focuses on the theoretical basis of aestheticism, the advantages of its application in tourism, the good practices imposed in the European aesthetic area and the main trends, which should be taken into consideration by the Bulgarian entrepreneurs. As a result of the research, specific guidelines for improvement in the aesthetic surroundings of the tourist sites in our country were drawn. These will substantially improve the competitiveness and the appeal of the sites in accordance with the national requirements and consumer needs.


The paper presents the authors' own teaching experience in the application of the computer program Graph in teaching unit Problem of determining the tangent line and the normal line to the graph of real functions of one variable within the mathematical courses in professional study programs of Zagreb University of Applied Sciences. The typical problems encountered during teaching the aforementioned unit and concrete examples how these problems can be successfully solved methodically are presented.


Glassy polycarbonate specimens with different degrees of aging were tested in puncture for the purpose of determining the ductile/brittle transition temperature in biaxial tension. The results show that increasing amounts of aging increase the transition temperature from −95 to −70°C. All transitions appear too low In temperature. This was confirmed by using strip-biaxial specimens that become brittle at a significantly higher temperature. In addition to this problem, the load deflection curve also can lead to an overestimation of the load and energy to initiate cracking. A finite element model of the puncture test suggests that the compressive stress under the dart may have shifted the onset of brittleness to much lower temperatures.


Using the low-energy explosive loading and the digital speckle correlation method,the law of roadway deformation of energy absorbing supports is studied by similarity simulation experiments.The experimental results illustrate that cracks firstly appear in the roof under explosive loading,and transverse cracks appear at the top of the model by repeated action of impact wave.Also,digital speckle pattern observations show that the roof has sinking deformation about 0.6 mm.But,there is no displacement between coal body and upper roadway,and the roadway and the surrounding rock have no damage.It is proved that the energy absorbing support can absorb large impact energy and reduce the roadway damage effectively.The simulated results show that the energy absorbing support can reduce the roadway destruction evidently.It is practical for safety mining engineering and also provides a new method for roadway support.


As a result of technological progression, mathematical calculations may currently be carried out to levels of precision which are orders of magnitude greater than were possible only decades ago. Consequently, design professionals are producing structural engineering calculations to unrealistically high levels of precision. Many engineers advocate the reporting of structural design calculations to four, five, and even six significant figures, with disregard to the implicit precision on which modern design codes and specifications are based. In response to these expectations, historical documents pertaining to structural design have been reviewed, methods of structural analysis have been considered, and practical design situations have been reviewed in order to remind the structural engineer of the inherent limitations of the precision of structural engineering calculations. Conclusions have been drawn from these considerations, and a recommendation with respect to an appropriate level of precision in structural design is presented.


Novel highly sensitive voltammetric method for the gallic acid, catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) quantification has been developed using glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyquercetin (polyquercetin/MWNT/GCE). The effect of electropolymerization parameters (number of cycles, monomer concentration and polarization window) on the electrode characteristics has been evaluated. The electrode surface has been characterized with SEM, CV and EIS. The linear dynamic ranges of 0.50–10 and 10–750 μM for gallic acid, 0.10–10 and 10.0–250 μM for catechin and 0.050–10 and 10–100 μM for EGCG have been obtained in differential pulse mode with the detection limits of 0.10, 0.024 and 0.014 μM, respectively. The approach has been successfully applied for the tea antioxidant capacity evaluation (AOC). The positive correlations with antioxidant activity towards DPPH• and total phenolics (r=0.7845 and 0.7658 at rcrit=0.4227, n=22) have been obtained.


Cosmological constraints of Modified Gravity (MG) models are seldom carried out rigorously. First, even though general MG models evolve differently (i.e., background and perturbations) to the standard cosmological model, it is usual to assume a ΛCDM background. This treatment is not correct and in the era of precision cosmology could induce undesired biases in cosmological parameters. Second, neutrino mass is usually held fixed in the analyses which could obscure its relation to MG parameters. In a couple of previous papers we showed that by using the Effective Fluid Approach we can accurately compute observables in fairly general MG models. An appealing advantage of our approach is that it allows a pretty easy implementation of this kinds of models in Boltzmann solvers (i.e., less error-prone) while having a useful analytical description of the effective fluid to understand the underlying physics. This paper illustrates how an effective fluid approach can be used to carry out proper analyses of cosmological constraints in MG models. We investigated three MG models including the sum of neutrino masses as a varying parameter in our Markov Chain Monte Carlo analyses. Two models (i.e., Designer f(R) [DES-fR] and Designer Horndeski [HDES]) have a background matching ΛCDM, while in a third model (i.e., Hu & Sawicki f(R) model [HS]) the background differs from the standard model. In this way we estimate how relevant the background is when constraining MG parameters along with neutrinos' masses. We implement the models in the popular Boltzmann solver CLASS and use recent, available data (i.e., Planck 2018, CMB lensing, BAO, SNIa Pantheon compilation, H 0 from SHOES, and RSD Gold-18 compilation) to compute tight cosmological constraints in the MG parameters that account for deviation from the ΛCDM model. For both the DES-fR and the HS model we obtain log10 b < -8 at 68% confidence when all data are included. In the case of the HDES model we find a somewhat weaker value of log10 Jc > -5 at 68% confidence. We also find that constraints on MG parameters are a bit weakened when compared to the case where neutrinos' masses are held fixed in the analysis.


I have always been reluctant to use the term "devising." It speaks more to the thought process than to the somatic process. And for me, creating performance has always been much more about stimulating the total being into action, not just the mind. In our group, the New World Performance Laboratory, we have devised performances in a number of ways—beginning from classic or traditional texts, reacting to material from a variety of sources, from songs, from themes, from current events or historical happenings. But the one aspect of our work that remains constant is the translation of all material into physical action. Action is the primary language of theatre and, before any text or mise-en-scène, the actor must first embody the material organically. So, for us, devising performance becomes about finding a way to engage the actor totally in the process of creation and then transform one's self into a transparent embodiment of knowledge.


Achieving high-resolution remote sensing images is an important goal in the field of space exploration. However, the quality of remote sensing images is low after the use of traditional compressed sensing with the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. This involves the reconstruction of the sparse signals collected by photon-integrated interferometric imaging detectors, which limits the development of detection and imaging technology for photon-integrated interferometric remote sensing. We improved the OMP algorithm and proposed a threshold limited-generalized orthogonal matching pursuit (TL-GOMP) algorithm. In the comparison simulation involving the TL-GOMP and OMP algorithms of the same series, the peak signal-to-noise ratio value (PSNR) of the reconstructed image increased by 18.02%, while the mean square error (MSE) decreased the most by 53.62%. The TL-GOMP algorithm can achieve high-quality image reconstruction and has great application potential in photonic integrated interferometric remote sensing detection and imaging.


The integrated EMG (IEMG) is the most widely used method to estimate the degree of muscular activity. However, the results of any given method of quantification are limited to the relation between 5 or 6 different discrete force levels and IEMG or other quantified electromyography (EMG). Moreover, the shape, the accuracy and the repoducibility of these relationships are inconsistent. Therefore, we propose a novel spectrum probability frequency (SPF) algorithm which can estimate the muscle force in a continuous manner and also design two principles to achieve significant improvements in the quality of EMG quantification. It is concluded that our method allows an accurate estimation of quadriceps muscle force, even when high noisy EMG data are used.


Objective Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion hemodialysis+Clinical comparison of organophosphorus poisoning.Methods 120 cases of organophosphate poisoning patients were randomly divided into two groups and the control group and observation group+by hemodialysis hemoperfusion treatment of organophosphorus poisoning,the control group method using blood dialysis treatment,clinical results were compared.Results The duration of coma patient group,serum cholinesterase(CHE) activity in the recovery time,hospital stay was significantly less than the hemodialysis group(P0.05),atropine significantly reduced the total application(P0.05),the cure rate has improved significantly.Conclusion Hemodialysis+hemoperfusion treatment of organophosphorus poisoning,results were satisfactory,worthy of clinical application.


This paper intends to illustrate an extensive feasibility study of Nanogrid based on renewable energy sources for an unelectrified rural community in Eastern Himalayas for meeting their residential electricity demand. The residential Nanogrid design is based on the various combinations between micro-hydrokinetics system (MHKS) and solar photovoltaics (PV) as primary energy sources with a battery-based storage system. Different architectures of nanogrid with varying combinations of primary energy sources with and without battery storage in an isolated and grid-interactive system are considered in the study. The grid-interactive system analysis outlined in this work is done for a fair comparison with off-grid solutions based on actual power tariffs of the region with an assumed net metering scheme. The target village comprises different residential building types classified by the local housing department scattered over the hills and some close to the river. The target site is situated in very rough mountain vegetation, and the residential buildings in the area are mainly bamboo-based with corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) sheets as their roofs. The results reveal that PV based nanogrid solutions are the most suitable and economical for Type-I single-storey residential building in off-grid and future grid-interactive architectures.


The development of the two-tire kiln emerged in the late 1970s as a consequence of improving precalciner technology. As the precalcining rate approached 95% the rotary kiln had only to perform clinkering processes. To accomplish this task a 10-12:1 length to diameter (L/D) ratio is sufficient. The development has significant mechanical as well as process advantages, as the kiln may now be supported simply on two-tire stations. Since the first successful installation of a true two-tire kiln in 1980, many other installations have come on line, all of them successful. The vast industrial experience now available clearly shows that the two-tire kiln is applicable for all modern precalciner pyro-systems regardless of raw mix, fuel type or production requirements.


NUMEROUS STUDIES have been made on the respiration of land plants and some on water plants, but very few such studies have been made on semi-submerged water plants (Samantarai, 1938). Yet, from the standpoint of the environment, semi-submerged plants offer very interesting material because of the belief that they were once terrestrial and have subsequently invaded the water, and because it is difficult to understand how the rhizomes of plants with terrestrial form are able to endure the condition of low aeration that exists in the mud at the bottom of a pond (Cole, 1932).2 That this ability is not due to particular structural features may be deduced from the fact that rhizomes of very diverse structures are found imbedded in the submerged mud. For example, Furthermore, the ability to endure the nearly anaerobic conditions of the submerged mud is not associated with a particular habit of growth and fruiting, because all of the species of thick spongy rhizomes mentioned above as well as one of the toughest and firmest of rhizomes to be found anywhere, namely, that of Scirpus validus, grow progressively through the mud, branching only occasionally, sending up fruiting culms at irregular intervals, and always dying and becoming decayed at the rear; while the hard young rhizomes of Typha latifolia and Sparganiurn eurycarpum and the corms of Sagittaria latifolia are formed one at the terminal end of each of the slender spongy stolons that radiate from a parent plant which dies at the end of its fruiting season.


Algorithms based on deep learning have been widely applied in automatic image captioning and medical report generation. As one of the most important applications in image captioning, medical report generation has been proved to be essential and effective in smart health and diagnosing. Due to the contraction of rapidly increasing need of radiology diagnosis and lack of report writing experience in most medical institutes, it is vital to work out an automatic medical report generation method. However, as the researchers followed the timeline of paper archives of image captioning, it comes out that there still exist a few problems in generating medical reports, which leads to the gap between the algorithm and medical practice. This study will (1) be a concise review of image captioning methods and medical report generation; (2) analyze the reasons of the phenomenon mentioned above with a case study; (3) give a forecast of medical report generation works.


This paper reports the effect of noble metal addition (Ru, Pd) to supported Ni catalysts towards the reaction of CO2 reforming of methane. On the basis of FT-IR spectra of adsorbed CO, H2 chemisorption and TPR measurements it has been proposed that the different behaviour of the Ni-based bimetallic catalysts can be related to different metal–metal interactions occurring on the catalysts. In particular, the strong improvement in the activity and stability observed in the case of ex-nitrate Ni–Ru catalysts has been attributed to an enrichment of the catalyst surface in nickel due to the formation of Ni–Ru clusters with the surface mainly covered by Ni. This leads to an increase in the metallic dispersion of Ni and favours the formation of more reactive intermediate carbonaceous species.


The interactions of phentylacetylene and phenylacetylene-α-d 1 with Si(100)-2×I have been studied as a model system to mechanistically understand the adsorption of conjugated π-electron aromatic substitutions on Si(100)-2×1. Vibrational signatures show that phenylacetylene covalently binds to the surface through a [2 +2]-like cycloaddition pathway between the external C≡C and Si=Si dimer, forming styrene-like conjugation structure which was further supported by the chemical-shift or C 1s core level. These experimental results are consistent with the density-functional theory [B3LYP/6-31 1//+G(d)] calculations. The resulting styrene-like conjugation structures may possibly be employed as an intermediate for further organic syntheses and fabrication of molecular architecture for modification and functionalization of Si surfaces, or as a monomer for polymerization on Si surfaces.


.LV.L single entity, but rather a complex which encompasses a number of variants. Discussions of abnormal intestinal rotation have focused on the most familiar rotational abnormality to the neglect or exclusion of other variants. Isolated incomplete rotation of the duodenum is such a variant. Although .its embryologic and clinical features were clearly delineated by Lewis in I966, other authors have given little attention to this entity. The complexity of the classical embryologic explanation of intestinal rotation has further clouded understanding in this area. Newer concepts of the events occurring during intestinal rotation clarify the varied anatomic findings. This paper will review pertinent anatomy, embryology, clinical features and management; and discuss 3 patients with isolated incomplete rotation of the duodenum. tation of the colon is normal, although its fixation may be deficient (Fig. 2). Intrinsic duodenal obstruction may occasionally be present (io per cent).2


We have explored the effect of the O/Ru ratio on the morphology and the Seebeck coefficient of RuO2 nanorods (space group P42/mnm) synthesized by reactive sputtering. At an O/Ru ratio of 1.69, a faceted surface is observed, while nanorod formation occurs at O/Ru ratios of 2.03 and 2.24. Using classical molecular dynamics with the potential parameters derived in this work, we show that volatile species enable nanorod formation. Based on ab initio calculations, two effects of the nanorod formation on the Seebeck coefficient are observed: (i) increase due to additional states in the vicinity of the Fermi level and (ii) decrease due to oxygen point defects (volatile species). These two competing effects give rise to a moderate increase in the Seebeck coefficient upon nanorod formation.


Finance was an old category. Finance emerged as a result of the emergence of the human community and public needs. Ancient Chinese finance included the thought of loving the people, and also had a complete system of budget, tax, social security, financial management and supervision. These systems were conducive to the allocation of resources, the development of public economy, the circulation of commodities and the fight against usury. Finance is a comprehensive category across political, economic, legal, social, cultural and military fields, and an important tool for national governance. In many historical periods, fiscal reform was the forerunner of social reform. But ancient Chinese finance developed in a highly centralized environment. The supremacy of the imperial power led to the obvious characteristic of "the rule by man". The corruption of the feudalistic bureaucratic system led to the implementation deviation of fiscal policy. The totalitarian system led to the imbalance between intergovernmental relations. Contemporary China should establish a modern fiscal and taxation system that is in line with the requirements of the market economy, handle the relations between the central government and local governments properly, and encourage citizens to participate extensively in the reform of the country.


We consider repeated games with endogenous separation – also known as voluntarily separable or voluntary partnership games – and their evolutionary dynamics. We formulate the replicator dynamics for games with endogenous separation, and provide a definition of neutral stability that guarantees Lyapunov stability in the replicator dynamics. We also provide existence results for monomorphic neutrally stable states in games with endogenous separation. ∗Segismundo S. Izquierdo: BioEcoUva and Department of Industrial Organization, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain, email@example.com. Luis R. Izquierdo: Department of Management Engineering, Universidad de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain, email@example.com. Matthijs van Veelen: Department of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Tinbergen Institute, 1082 MS Amsterdam, The Netherlands, firstname.lastname@example.com. If only it were still possible, we would have loved to thank William H. Sandholm for his very helpful comments. S. Izquierdo thanks the University of Wisconsin-Madison for hosting him during part of this research, and gratefully acknowledges sponsorship by the Fulbright Program and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PRX19/00113). We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (PID2020-118906GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).


The authors describe a CMOS integrated circuit in 2-micron, n-well technology for performing the parallel analog computation of a specific Hamming neural net. This electrical network supports a full digital feature at its output terminals derived from a self excitatory mechanism in the competing WTA units. Details are given of the transient response by PSpice simulations.


The invention provides a triphenylamine bithienylpyrrole compound containing methyl and a preparation method, and a polymer prepared from the compound and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to a pyrrole compound and a preparation method thereof, and a polymer prepared from the compound and a preparation method and application thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of poor film formation and single color changing of the electrochromic polymer in the prior art. The structural formula of the compound is as described. The preparation method of the compound comprises: adding 2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1,4-butanedione monomer, N'-(4-aminophenyl)-N'- p-methyl-phenyl-1,4-diamine and p-toluenesulfonic acid into toluene, then conducting heating reflux and rotary evaporation to obtain the compound. The structural formula of the polymer is as below. The polymer is prepared by polymerizing the compound. The triphenylamine bithienylpyrrole compound containing methyl can be used as a multifunctional organic polymer in electrochromic material, optoelectronic device and biosensor. The invention can obtain the triphenylamine bithienylpyrrole compound containing methyl.


Abstract. Of 788 women treated with ionizing irradiation for benign bleeding disorders (metropathia) 308 (39%) died of cardiovascular disease. In a control group, consisting of 1219 women with metropathia who were not irradiated, 257 (21%) cardiovascular deaths occurred. Although the risk of cardiovascular death in the two studied cohorts compared with national death rates was only 0.92 (lower limit 0.82: upper limit 1.03) and 0.88 (lower limit 0.78: upper limit 0.99) respectively, it was found that women irradiated before the menopause (age 50 years) run a higher risk of cardiovascular death than the controls in the same age group and those irradiated after the menopause.


Shapes in images provide important features for pattern recognition, pattern matching, content-based image retrieval, etc. In this paper, a contour based structural approach is proposed to represent any arbitrary shape in an image by an alpha-numeric string. The proposed method performs decomposition of the region into disjoint sub-regions by detecting the features of the contour such as bend points, vertical & horizontal straight lines, etc. The representation of those sub-regions is achieved by using strings in a six letter alphabet. The representation is invariant to size since it includes a size-based ratio. The drawbacks of existing contour-based shape representation techniques are discussed, and it is shown how this new method overcomes them.


The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has engulfed the whole world, and it looks difficult to end this worldwide health crisis without actual medication. Natural products have been utilized since ancient times and have been beneficial over time. The outcome of various research work revealed that pure compounds isolated from medicinal plants, such as Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper longum, Curcuma longa, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinalis, Coriandrum sativum, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, etc. have excellent Coronavirus (CoV) inhibitory effect. Several molecules, including glabridin, liquiritin, flavonoids, triterpene, glycyrrhizin, aliphatic compounds, sesquiterpenoids, β-sesquiphellandrene, zingerone, β-phellandrene, citral, zingiberene, bisabolene, shogaols, cineol, farnesene, gingerols, withasomniferols A-C, withanone, withasomniferin-A, withasomidienone, withanolides A, linalool, flavonoids, camphor, eugenol, estragole, methyl chavicol, tannins, glycyrrhizic acid, alkaloids, saponins, fatty acids, glycosides, and essential oils, etc. isolated from plants might serve as potential candidates in the treatment of COVID-19.


Low quantities of isazophos (C,H,,CN,O,PS) and aldicarb (C,H,,N,O,S) applied at seedling stage protected egg plant for a period of seven weeks against Meloidogyne incognita. In fruits of plants treated with 14 mg of aldicarb, no residues of this compound could be demonstrated (Mateille and Netscher, 1985). To verify whether it is possible to apply this technique under field conditions, a trial with vegetables was made using cucumber as a test plant. Seeds of cucumber cv Poinsett were individually sown in 600 cm3 plastic bags filled with sterile soil. Treatments consisted in watering each plant with 20 cm3 of a solution of 14 mg of either isazophos or aldicarb in water, controls receiving water only. One week after treatment, seedlings were transplanted to a field infected by M. incognita. The experiment was set out as a randomized blocks design with six replications. Each plot consisted of six rows of 6 m, 50 cm apart. Spacing of transplants within rows was 75 cm. To determine the number of Meloidogyne juveniles at the moment of transplanting, a soil sample of at least 20 subsamples was taken from each plot and 250cm3 soil processed by elutriation (Seinhorst, 1956). To extract Meloidogyne juveniles from egg masses which had precipitated with heavy soil particles and which escape detection by elutriation, the fraction of coarse soil which normally is discarded, was placed for two weeks in a mist chamber (Seinhorst, 1950) to extract juveniles which had hatched. Plots were highly infested, but the distribution of Meloidogyne was very heterogenous (mean infestation = 6548 juveniles, dispersion = 641 9). Harvesting started eight weeks after transplanting and continued for five weeks, the number of missing plants was regularly scored. At the end of the harvest, cucumber plants were removed, roots carefully washed free of soil and the degree of galling estimated using the following scale: O = no galls; 1 = 1-5 galls; 2 = 5-20 galls; 3 = > 20 galls or/and coalescing galls; 4 = entire root system consisting of large coalescing galls, 5 = root system heavily galled and partially or completely decomposed. Although both nematicides significantly increased yields, aldicarb was definitely superior compared to isazophos applied at the same dose. Nematicide treatment did not prevent cucumber plants being parasitized by Meloidogyne, but galling was significantly lower in treated plants than in controls. Mortality of plants treated with aldicarb was significantly lower than controls or plants treated with isazophos (Table 1).


The effects of Lorentz boosts on the quantum entanglement encoded by a pair of massive spin one-half particles are described according to the Lorentz covariant structure described by Dirac bispinors. The quantum system considered incorporates four degrees of freedom -- two of them related to the bispinor intrinsic parity and other two related to the bispinor spin projection, i.e. the Dirac particle helicity. Because of the natural multipartite structure involved, the Meyer-Wallach global measure of entanglement is preliminarily used for computing global quantum correlations, while the entanglement separately encoded by spin degrees of freedom is measured through the negativity of the reduced two-particle spin-spin state. A general framework to compute the changes on quantum entanglement induced by a boost is developed, and then specialized to describe three particular anti-symmetric two-particle states. According to the obtained results, two-particle spin-spin entanglement cannot be created by the action of a Lorentz boost in a spin-spin separable anti-symmetric state. On the other hand, the maximal spin-spin entanglement encoded by anti-symmetric superpositions is degraded by Lorentz boosts driven by high-speed frame transformations. Finally, the effects of boosts on chiral states are shown to exhibit interesting invariance properties, which can only be obtained through such a Lorentz covariant formulation of the problem.


Landscape architecture and landscape ecology are fundamentally concerned with the connections between landscape pattern and ecological process. Landscape ecologists typically assume that process creates pattern; landscape architects address pattern with the hope that process will follow. Whether pattern drives process or vice versa is a debate that has not been resolved, but an understanding of the complexities of the relationship is vital if pattern, process, or both are to be manipulated to achieve specific goals. That there is a relationship between pattern and process is a fundamental premise of landscape ecology, but research suggests the relationship is not straightforward. In this paper I present a brief overview of some of the major threads of this research, including some more recent theoretical advances in ecology (sensitivity to initial conditions, contingency and chaos theory) that affect the pattern/process relationship, issues of scale dependence and some of the methods used to determine pattern at various scales. I use a case study of a forested landscape in south-eastern Colorado, USA, to illustrate the complexity of the relationship between landscape pattern and disturbance process. The study demonstrates how this kind of research can provide guidelines for land managers aiming to reintroduce natural processes into a managed landscape. The study also serves to highlight the difficulties of using pattern as a surrogate for process. Understanding the relationship between pattern and process is of critical importance whether we are attempting to rehabilitate degraded landscapes, or to design management strategies for sustaining present landscape conditions, or to anticipate the effects of change in the intensity, frequency or extent of land use.


The Fe 63 Co 7Nb xZr 10-x B 20 melt-spun ribbons, about 35μm thick and 5mm wide, were produced by single-roller rapid quenching and the thermal stability, amorphous structure and magnetic properties were studied. As a result, the supercooled liquid region ΔT x of the alloy that contains 4at% Nb reaches 79K, but the saturation magnetization σ s of these alloys decreases linearly with the increasing of Nb. The saturation magnetization σ s and coercive force H c increases obviously for the alloys of this series annealed at 973K for 900s because of the precipitation of α-Fe et al.


Different studies done on broad phoneme classification reveal that the realization of a language independent speech system is a challenging task. The main aim of this work resides in the realization of language independent broad phoneme classification. An ANN based language dependent Broad Phoneme Classifier (BPC) is developed for English, Malayalam and Telugu languages. The BPC classifies speech signal into six broad phoneme categories such as Silence, Vowels, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants, and Plosives, using 16 signal-based input features. The classifier is modified with three additional features in order to address the poor performance of approximant classification. These features are fourth formant, ratio of second to first formant and envelope variance measure. A major improvement in classification is achieved when the system is trained using Deep Neural Network Classifier. Since the features used are signal based, it can be easily be adapted for any language. Effectiveness of the proposed features are demonstrated through language independent broad phoneme classification experiments in three languages. Keywords-Automatic Speech Recognition; Broad Phoneme classifier; Language independent broad phoneme classification; Signal-based feature extraction


The cottonseed meal hydrolysate as nitrogen source with low price,had a potential value in the fermentation industry. The amino nitrogen concentration of cottonseed meal hydrolysate and soybean protein hydrolysate were 16. 38 g / L and 19. 11 g / L,respectively; and the total amino acid concentration were 97. 78 g / L and 91. 59 g / L,respectively,which indicated that the nutrients of the two hydrolysates were similar. In this study,the influence of the cottonseed meal hydrolysate and soybean protein hydrolysate as organic nitrogen sources on temperature triggered glutamate fermentation and biotin limitation glutamate fermentation were studied. Results showed that biomass and production of L-glutamate were similar by the two hydrolysates in the two types of glutamate fermentation. In conclusion,the cottonseed meal hydrolysate as an organic nitrogen source could provide practical values in the fermentation industry.


Objective To investigate the effects of spirulina capsule on immune system and exercise tolerance in mice with deficiency of vital energy and on blood system in mice with hemopenia.Methods We made the animal models of mice with deficiency of vital energy and hemopenia by limiting feed method and depletion method,respectively.After intragastric administration of spirulina capsule for 9 days,the exercise tolerance,splenic index,thymic index of mice with deficiency of vital energy was determined,respectively and the hemogram of mice with hemopenia was also determined.Results The time of swimming in mice with deficiency of vital energy was longer than that in control group,and both splenic index and thymic index increased.Moreover,WBC,RBC,Hb,HCT and PLT of mice with hemopenia also rose.Conclusion Spirulina capsule has some effects of benefiting vital energy and hemogenesis.


The available information on isotopic abundances in the atmospheres of low-mass red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars requires that episodes of extensive mixing occur below the convective envelope, reaching down to layers close to the hydrogen burning shell (cool bottom processing). Recently, it was suggested that dynamo-produced buoyant magnetic flux tubes could provide the necessary physical mechanisms and also supply sufficient transport rates. Here, we present an α-Ω dynamo in the envelope of an RGB/AGB star in which shear and rotation drain via turbulent dissipation and Poynting flux. In this context, if the dynamo is to be sustained throughout either phase, convection must resupply shear. Under this condition, volume-averaged peak toroidal field strengths of ⟨ Bϕ⟩ ≃ 3 × 103 G (RGB) and ⟨ Bϕ⟩ ≃ 5 × 103 G (AGB) are possible at the base of the convection zone. If the magnetic fields are concentrated in flux tubes, the corresponding field strengths are comparable to those required by cool bottom processing.


Despite a century of ecumenical efforts among Protestant churches, real koinonia remains as elusive as ever. This article introduces John Leonard Wilson, one of the early contributors to the formation of Trinity College (known today as Trinity Theological College) in Singapore, to emphasize his ecumenical spirit that continues to be a key characteristic of the college. Leonard Wilson's war time experiences in Singapore and its aftermath as well as those of TTC's co-founders, show koinonia working at a much deeper level beyond the loose associations, large gatherings and joint declarations commonly seen in modern ecumenical movements. Wilson's imprisonment and torture experiences during the war, his wider contributions before and after the war, and his devotion to church unity continue directly and indirectly to influence the Singapore church's larger story. Wilson's almost-fanatical commitment to and practice of koinonia in the midst of harsh circumstances has demonstrated that real koinonia is possible, but it comes with a heavy price.


To develop a scoring system to identify the subset of patients who may benefit the most from adjuvant chemotherapy following curative‐intent resection for incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC).


This article is devoted to the problem of the administrative-political organization in social and political thought of the Buryats in the 1st quarter of the XXth century.


Modern industry makes extensive use of various composite materials In this paper terahertz imaging method is proposed for evaluation of various composite materials adhesive joints. The results of inspection (A-scans and C-scans) as well as 2-D distributions of proposed parameters are presented for method validation.


The History Harvest project (http://historyharvest.unl.edu) is an open, digital archive of historical artifacts gathered from communities across the United States. Each year, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of History partners with local institutions and community members within a highlighted area to collect, preserve, and share their rich, but often hidden, histories. Advanced undergraduates, working as a team and with the guidance of faculty members and graduate students, "harvest," digitize, and curate the artifacts and stories they collect. The History Harvest project is rooted in the belief that our collective history is more diverse and multi-faceted than most people give credit for and that most of this history is not found in archives, historical societies, museums or libraries, but rather in the stories that ordinary people have to tell from their own experience and in the things - the objects and artifacts - that they keep and collect to tell the story of their lives. The History Harvest, then, affirms the importance of local people, local communities and everyday experience in the broader narrative of American history by providing an innovative opportunity for ordinary people to share their historical artifacts, and their stories, for inclusion in a unique digital archive of what we are calling the "people's history." This new public resource is then available for educators, students and anyone else interested in engaging U.S. history from this more democratic, or grassroots, perspective. This short paper on our workin-progress examines the experiential learning basis for The History Harvest project and its rationale for democratizing history in a digital age.


This study was intended to examine the relationship between job resources, employees' creativity and firm performance of commercial banks in Uganda. It was motivated by the poor performance of some commercial banks in Uganda, the scantiness of studies about the link between job resources, employees' creativity and firm performance of commercial banks in Uganda as well as calls from previous scholars for more research. A quantitative and cross sectional research designs were employed for this study. Data were collected using selfadministered questionnaires from commercial banks. We performed a Pearson correlation and multiple regressions when analyzing data. The study posts a positive relationship between Job resources, Employee Creativity and Firm performance in Uganda. Findings show that 29% of the change in commercial bank's performance is explained by job resources and employee creativity. The study focuses on job resources and employee creativity, concepts that are not very well appreciated and only understood as humanitarian and not actually viewed as a means to improve commercial bank's performance in Uganda. The significance of this paper is to contribute to the scarcity of literature on the Ugandan experience concerning Job resources, Employee creativity and Firm performance.


Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, systemic necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized arteries. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of PAN includes at least three of: 1. weight loss < 4 kg, 2. livedo reticularis, 3. testicular pain or tenderness, 4. myalgias, weakness or leg tenderness, 5. mono-or polyneuropathy, 6. diastolic hypertension, 7. elevated blood creatinine or urea, 8. hepatitis B antigen or antibody in the serum, 9. aneurysms or occlusions of visceral arteries or 10. granulocytes on small or medium sized artery biopsy. Common sites of involvement include skin, joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and peripheral nerves. Central nervous system involvement has been reported in up to 40% of cases; the usual manifestations are encephalopathy, focal deficits and seizures. Descriptions of PAN in the pediatric literature has been reported in fewer than 250 children.


College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) Widya Yuwana Madiun is an educational institution that forms Catholic Catechists and Teachers. College students are educated and nurtured to become candidates for catechists and religion teachers in accordance with the Vision and Mission of "Superior and Contextual".
Research in this scientific work uses quantitative research methods. Research data is collected and analyzed quantitatively or statistically. The study was conducted on November 15, 2018 (preliminary study) and March 18-22 2019 (questionnaire test) on the campus of STKIP Widya Yuwana. Data collection is done by sharing questionnaires to be filled by college students. Respondent samples in this study amounted to 132 (one hundred thirty two) respondents consisting of 54 (fifty four) men and 78 (seventy eight) women. The technique of selecting respondents used a simple random sampling technique.
The results of research data analysis on understanding and apreciation of Vision, Mission and Objectives of STKIP Widya Yuwana revealed that out of 132 (one hundred thirty two) respondents, 114 (86.4%) respondents stated that they were very understanding and live the vision and mission, and 17 (12.9%) the respondents stated that they understood and lived the Vision, Mission and Objectives of STKIP Widya Yuwana. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that, the majority of respondents understand and appreciate well the vision, mission and objectives of STKIP Widya Yuwana. The presentation of the results of the college students' understanding and appreciation of the vision, mission and objectives of the STKIP Widya Yuwana Campus can be improved through socialization at each campus activity.


The invention provides a progressive die for a motor end cover. The progressive die comprises an upper die component and a lower die component, wherein the upper die component and the lower die component are correspondingly provided with ten machining stations and one empty station, namely a first hole punching station, a basket punching station, a first stretching station, a second stretching station, a third stretching station, a fourth stretching station, the empty station, a reshaping station, a second hole punching station, a waist hole punching station and a blanking and cutting station in a machining sequence respectively. A part which is machined by the progressive die has a thickness which is more than or equal to 1.2mm and a diameter which is more than or equal to 110mm; a die structure comprises a stretching area, a reshaping area and a cutting area, every area has an independent guiding structure so as to ensure that the die can be relatively independent and can meet the requirement of integral interconnection at the same time when adjusted and working at every station, and a stretching depth can be adjusted by an ejector rod on the die according to the thickness of a material; and the reshaping part has a separated sliding structure, and central reshaping and outward turning reshaping are performed by a reshaping punch and an external reshaping punch, so that the dimension of the part can be accurately machined.


The effectiveness and efficiency of transportation relies heavily on sound information. In response to the growing information gap, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) resurrected several key data-collection programs, created the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and required BTS to identify information needs on an ongoing basis. This report summarizes key transportation information needs based on the Bureau's experience in responding to requests for statistics from decision makers, and on surveys, research, and conferences that BTS has held or co-sponsored with other organizations. The reauthorization of ISTEA provides an opportunity to reinforce the usefulness of the benchmark data programs established in 1991, expand those programs where warranted to address emerging critical issues, develop approaches for less burdensome data collection, and renew efforts to enhance the organization and sharing of information through the National Transportation Library. These elements, which are contained in the Administration's surface transportation reauthorization bill, are discussed in the Strategic Responses section of this report.


The aim of accounting is to communicate economic message on the result of business decision to the users from time to time. Thus corporate reporting is total communication system between a company and users. This is the most direct least expensive, most timely and faired methods of reaching all shareholders and other, present and potential users. Financial reporting includes not only financial statements but also other means of communicating information that relates, directly or indirectly to the information provided by the accounting system. Corporate annual reports (CAR) are the subject of research emanating from different disciplines. A growing body of literature addresses their purpose, design, content and interpretation, as well as reasons for their changing content. This literature examine how different characteristics of organization affects disclosure pattern.


: Java language is become very popular and research papers deal with improvement of the language or its run time behavior. In this paper I have discussed about the Development Methodologies and current frameworks in Java also demand in future of these frameworks. Quality along with time and within budget is always a major concern of every organization. Several Software Development Methodologies exist for the successful delivery of software. With advancement of technology using Java in current world, organizations are now finding best solutions for their operations. To this aim, this paper presents an automated frameworks that reduces the efforts and time of Java developers for developing software. Java has been able to maintain its position in the top three most popular languages for very long time because of the platform which it provides. The java platform consists of more than just a programming language. It also provides a large number of frameworks, which are ready-made code components that are used extensively by developers.