ABSTRACT This study examines the perception and processing of the Catalan /e/–/ɛ/ and /o/–/ɔ/ vowel contrasts by 60 Spanish–Catalan bilinguals in Majorca (Spain). Results from binary forced-choice identification, AX discrimination, and lexical decision tasks show that even though these early and highly proficient bilinguals demonstrate a high accuracy in perceptual identification and discrimination tasks, they have difficulties distinguishing between words and nonwords in a lexical decision task. Spanish dominants also exhibited higher error rates than Catalan dominants in the lexical decision task. These findings provide evidence that making explicit judgments regarding whether a certain sound belongs to a phonemic category (i.e., as accomplished via identification and discrimination tasks) does not entail that listeners have an appropriate representation at the lexical level.


On the basis of research on both the theory of non-intelligent factors and event-group training theory in China,non-intelligent factor function grade in different event groups were studied. Logical analysis and questionnaires were adopted to do practical research. The purpose was to provide reference for the coaches to give more feasible psychological training,to promote the teenager athletes' psychological ability and to raise the team's ability of getting the upper hand of the competition.


Abstract Scholarly work on Luke has often noted the significance of Marcion's Gospel for understanding the textual history of the third canonical Gospel. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the past new insights into Marcion's Gospel have led to revisions in the apparatus of the highly influential Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece, now in its 28th edition. In view of the precedent for continually updating the Nestle-Aland text and apparatus, this article revisits the apparatus to Luke in the light of recent research on Marcion's Gospel in order to highlight problematic references that should be changed or removed in the apparatus of future Nestle-Aland editions.


Tilapia culture is growing gradually in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The mono sex culture of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus is practiced on semi-intensive fish farming system. Both locally produced and imported mono sex tilapia fry is stocked in earthen ponds (stocking density 6250-10000 fry/ha). The fish is fed on high quality floating tilapia feed (30% protein). The fish is reared from April onwards and harvested in winter. The fish yield varies from 4400-7000kg/ha. This yield variation may be due to fish farm management and input administrated by the farmers. The tilapia has high local demand. The price of fresh iced fish depends on size of the fish. This year fish (600-700g) fetched good price (US$ 2.0/kg).  However, last year the price of fish was almost half than this year price. The polyculture of mono sex tilapia with major carp; Labeo rohita is also practiced by some fish farmers. The yield of these two species in polyculture is very high (average weight 900g and 3100g for O. niloticus and L. rohita respectively). Tilapia culture is growing fast in Southern and Central Punjab. Yet, fish farmers have raised the issues of high priced fish feed, low fry survival, fish health issues, fish processing and marketing. The aspects of tilapia culture in the province of Punjab, Pakistan are discussed.


Abstract : Lightning poses a threat to aircraft in flight. To mitigate this threat, the U.S. Air Force requested a study of lightning distances. Three-Dimensional lightning data were examined for this study, spanning 1 March 1997 to 31 May 2001 and obtained from the Lightning Detection and Ranging System (LDAR) at the Kennedy Space Center, FL. The LDAR data points were first grouped into lightning flashes and branches using spatial and temporal criteria. Rawinsonde data were vertically interpolated to determine the temperature at the flash source point and each branch end point. The horizontal distance from flash sources to branch end was calculated. Percentiles of branch distance were examined as a function of altitude and temperature of the flash source and branch end points. The longest 99th percentile of branch distance (35 to 40 km) was found at 2 to 7 km altitude and between 10 and -20C. The altitude range of the longest branches remained similar by season, but the longest branches were found in the winter and spring months, with summer and autumn distances shorter by 5 to 10 km. Summer results showed longer branch distances to the south and the winter data showed a significant elongation to the north.


To develop a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ci-ELISA) for fenoxaprop-p-ethyl,a hapten(fenoxaprop acid) was synthesized.Hapten conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) with the carbodiimide method was used as immunogens and ovalbumin(OVA) with mixed anhydride method was used as the coating antigens.The New Zealand rabbits were immunized by conjugate of Hapten-BSA and titres of anti-fenoxaprop-p-ethyl serum(1.024×105) were determined by non-competitive indirect enzyme-linked assay procedure.After optimization of the ic-ELISA conditions,such as pH values,inonic strengths,concentrations of methanol,pH 7.5,PBS of 0.3 mol/L Na+,and 10% methanol were determined as optimum assay conditions.The IC50 for fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was(0.084±0.012) mg/L,and lower detection limit(LDL) was(0.0064±0.002) mg/L.The cross-reactivities of other aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides to the antibodies were less than 0.1% in the assays,except metamifop because of its structures.


This paper reveals that there are circuit mismatches and a current coupling effect in the direct bonded copper (DBC) layout of a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET multichip power module. According to the modelling and the mathematic analysis of the DBC layout, the mismatch of the common source stray inductance in the DBC layout can lead to transient current imbalance among the paralleled SiC MOSFET dies in the multichip power module while the current coupling effect aggravates the current imbalance. Two models of the power module DBC layout, with and without the current coupling effect, are compared to demonstrate the influence of this effect. LTspice simulation and experimental results validate the analysis and the new findings.


Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is a wireless network which comprises of set of wireless mobile nodes. These nodes are infrastructure-less as well as devoid of central administration. Important issues in MANET are link failure, power failure of node, limited bandwidth, and limited transmission power. To overcome these problems energy efficient protocol has become a very interesting and important research area. Energy consumption is a vital issue because routing is based on nodes battery lifetime and it's efficiency to maintain the network. So routing decisions must be such that critical nodes does not exhaust and network lifetime and route reliability increases . In this paper, we investigate the different protocols proposed to resolve the issue of energy consumption of routing nodes in MANET. We provide parameterized study of energy efficient protocols. Main aim of the study is to explore the ideas for innovators and researchers to design more energy efficient routing protocols. KeywordsAODV, DSR, MANET, OLSR, TORA, Energy efficient protocols, Routing nodes, Network lifetime


Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including N-oxides, and salts thereof, insert Formula 1 here wherein W is O or NR7, n is 0 or 1, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention. Also disclosed are mixtures and compositions comprising a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of Formula I and an effective amount of another herbicide or herbicide safener.


Sir, Lichen myxedematosus is a disorder characterized by the formation of numerous lichenoid papules causing extensive thickening of the skin. Scleromyxedema, which is characterized by generalized lichenoid papules or scleroderma-like lesions, is considered to be generalized lichen myxedematosus or representative of the papular mucinosis group of cutaneous disorders.[1] The fibroblasts are triggered by an unknown mechanism resulting in excessive mucin deposition in dermis. The disease primarily affects the skin but extracutaneous manifestations including myositis, monoclonal gammopathy and neurological, cardiovascular, and renal involvement are well recognized.[2,3] Herein, we describe a patient presenting with dermatological features of scleromyxedema and myositis without any monoclonal gammopathy.


We represent the spin coefficients and the Riemann tensor in the form of linear combinations of the infinitesimal generators of the group SL(2, C). This representation is similar to the way Yang and Mills write their dynamical variables in terms of the Pauli spin matrices. The spin coefficients take the role of the Yang‐Mills‐like potentials, whereas the Riemann tensor takes the role of the fields.


For the dynamic virtual environment in future network, varying and abundant service demands on future network requires intelligent resource management capabilities to ensure service delivery to customers, motivating the need to develop a novel virtual resource management architecture for this purpose. In the paper, we propose an intelligent and distributed virtual resource management architecture based on prediction for future network (IDP-VRMA), consist of a Control System, a Knowledge Processing Element and Intelligent Substrate Nodes. Combined with monitoring and prediction capabilities, the IDP-VRMA can perform intelligent virtual resource management in the dynamic virtual environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed architecture by means of functional descriptions.


The use of mixed-gas, helium and nitrogen plasmas as alternative sources for plasma mass spectrometry is discussed in this paper. These plasmas are used to alleviate some of the problems inherent in argon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences as well as sensitivities for high ionization potential elements are addressed. Reduced-pressure plasmas are used for the determination of P and S. In addition, applications of chromatographic techniques such as gas, supercritical-fluid and high-performance liquid chromatography with alternative plasma sources are included. Some problems found in the application of argon ICP-MS can be reduced or eliminated with alternative sources and sub-ng to sub-pg levels of detection for halogens can be achieved.


The three‐dimensional coupled vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic resonator is analyzed when the shearing stress and strain are ignored. Three mechanical coupling coefficients are introduced and the coupled vibration is reduced to three equivalent one‐dimensional extensional vibrations. On the basis of the analysis, the three‐dimensional equivalent circuit is derived. From the equivalent circuit, it can be seen that as the three equivalent one‐dimensional vibrations are coupled to each other, a new kind of electromechanical transformation force arises in the circuit. The natural frequency equation is derived and the natural frequencies of some rectangular piezoelectric ceramic resonators are computed. As the mechanical coupling between the vibrations in different directions and the piezoelectric effect are considered, the computed resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the measured results.


methods of microbiological screening (2). It also aligns with the accumulating evidence that increasing prevalence is associated with increasingly aggressive use of antibiotics in this cohort, and we would support the call for further work to explore the clinical implications of fungal airway infection. We are, however, concerned that the data may not represent the full picture of cystic fibrosis airway microbiology in early childhood, most notably for the omission of microbiology results from airway samples obtained during pulmonary exacerbations. We acknowledge that previously reported data from the same group report the sensitivity of oropharyngeal (OP) cultures for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be low (23%) when compared against BAL performed at times of clinical stability (3). However, during pulmonary exacerbations, substantially higher sensitivity (76%) is reported for OP cultures compared with BAL for the detection of P. aeruginosa (4), and no benefit has been found for a strategy of bronchoscopic airway sampling over noninvasive sampling to guide treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in young children (5). Although imperfect, noninvasive airway sampling, with reduced exposure to general anesthesia risk and a significantly reduced cost, continues to form a routine part of clinical care in many cystic fibrosis centers worldwide. Sputum induction has also been shown to act as a credible alternative to BAL in symptomatic children (6). In the current study (1), routine treatment of pulmonary exacerbations at one of the two study sites was guided by previous cultures (including OP samples), thereby inferring that OP cultures were considered to reflect lower airway microbiology. Yet the results of noninvasive (OP or other) cultures collected between surveillance bronchoscopies, and in particular during pulmonary exacerbations, are not reported. The omission of microbiological samples collected during symptomatic periods risks potential underreporting of the prevalence of bacterial airway infection, particularly if infection is then cleared after targeted antibiotic therapy. n


The invention discloses a refractory castable for a tundish cover. The refractory castable is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of magnesia, 5-20 parts of dolomite, 5-10 parts of zircon, 1-20 parts of carbon, 2-5 parts of water-free binder and 0.2-1 part of urotropine. The magnesia, the dolomite and the zircon are mixed to prepare particles and fine powder, wherein the part number of the particles is 35-55, the part number of the fine powder is 45-65, the particle size of the particles ranges from 3.0 to 2.0mm, the particle size of the fine powder is 2.0-0.5mm. The refractory castable has excellent thermal shock resistance and breakage and peel resistance.


ABSTRACT This paper reviews current research dealing with the potential benefits and limitations of computer-based testing for social work education. It adds to the existing knowledge base by reporting the results of a survey completed by social work graduate and undergraduate students regarding their experiences and perceptions of computer-based testing. Recommendations are made for further development of computer-based tests in social work education.


India is the second-largest producer of contemporary fruits and vegetables. This leads to generation of a large amount of waste, both solid and liquid. This waste is incautiously or carelessly being thrown without any treatment promoting environmental deterioration. The chapter deals with how these fruit wastes, especially pineapple and papaya peels, which are usually discarded during the processing or consumption of the fruit, are useful in preparation of vinegar, which is termed as a useful product from waste. It also discussed the general characteristics of Acetic acid bacteria, importance of the bacteria, and how it can be isolated by natural sources, which is cost effective. So, the waste peels generated after consuming the fruits and vegetables need not be discarded as waste; instead, it can be used in so many ways to produce useful products.


The 532 nm light of YAG laser is used as recording light and the monochromatic-light is used as the readout light. At the different wavelength, the changed tendency of the image contrast based on the BR D96N thin film is observed. Using the method of the gray integration of the image, the contrast curve of the recorded image is achieved. All the results show that a maximum image contrast of ~1.63∶1 is obtained in the peak absorption region of the B-state (~570 nm) and the reverse images are obtained in the absorption region of the M-state (390~450 nm).


A giant linear magnetoelectric effect was observed by Y. Tokura's group recently in multiferroic DyFeO3, which demands a detailed investigation of its magnetic properties. Additionally, there is little information on the changes of chemical and physical properties of these materials with the reduction in particle size in spite of the potential applications of these materials in nanoscale devices. As the wet-chemical synthesis of these materials in nanosize and getting a control over crystallinity and stoichiometry is nontrivial and poses a serious challenge prohibiting the study of their size-dependent properties. Here, we report the synthesis of DyFeO3 nanoparticles using a surfactantless hydrothermal method with a detailed magnetic property measurement. The as-synthesized DyFeO3 nanoparticles showed excellent crystallinity with average particle size in the range 50−60 nm. The structural analysis indicated that they are of a distorted orthorhombic pervoskite crystal structure. Detailed dc magnetization m...


The introduction of new diagnostic instruments in the Microbiology Laboratory imposes a trial period which must precede introduction in the routine. This period is aimed to minimize any organizational difficulty and/or staff distress. In this context, we suggest an organizational model that can quickly evaluate accuracy, repeatability and carry over of new diagnostic instruments.


Foods and beverages are highly complex systems in terms of composition and chemical and material changes during processing. The expected quality and benefits represent a delicate balance between sensory properties (aroma, taste, mouthfeel, texture), nutrition, health, and safety. This calls for a holistic and system-type approach to obtain the best product quality. Therefore, it is important to consider chemical and physical interactions, to study the formation kinetics of both desired and undesired compounds, and to know more about the release of bioactive compounds from the food and beverage matrix including the consumption event as well as during digestion and resorption. This requires sophisticated experimental setups, the use of non-targeted ("omics"-type) analytical methods and advanced data processing, working at the interface of scientific disciplines and establishing correlations between product quality and consumer benefits.


Pulmonary embolism (PE) has an incidence ranging from four to 12 per 10,000 annually and is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in the United States, contributing to nearly 300,000 deaths per year.1– 4 Conventional treatment includes heparins, fondaparinux, or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), but recent data suggest treatment with oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) or oral factor Xa inhibitors, collectively known as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), is effective and safe.5– 9 DOACs can be administered orally and have a more predictable effect without the need for monitoring. Here we summarize a recent update to a prior Cochrane review,10 adding 1484 new participants to metaanalyzed data on the subject.11 The Cochrane review included 10 randomized trials comprising 13,073 participants with confirmed PE allocated to treatment with a DOAC or conventional anticoagulation.11 The authors excluded trials not administering oral DOACs, trials not using conventional treatment with heparin and/or VKAs as the comparison, and trials with treatment less than 3 months. Confirmation of PE included computed tomography pulmonary angiography, ventilation/perfusion scan, or pulmonary angiography. DTIs included dabigatran and ximelagatran; factor Xa inhibitors included rivaroxaban, apixaban, betrixaban, and edoxaban; and control agents included lowmolecularweight heparin (LMWH), unfractionated heparin (UFH), or VKAs. Two trials evaluated dabigatran (2553 patients) and eight trials evaluated factor Xa inhibitors (three with apixaban [3307 patients], three with rivaroxaban [2548 patients], and two with edoxaban [2172 patients]). The primary outcome of the review included recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined variably as clinically overt new deep vein thrombosis (DVT), PE, or either, confirmed by standard imaging during the period after PE diagnosis. Secondary outcomes


This thesis describes the development of a novel one-pot reaction (Scheme 1). The reaction combines organo- and enzyme-catalysis in an aldol/aldol cascade for the first time. The bicatalytic, three-component assembly involves two aldol reactions: an organocatalysed reaction and an aldol reaction catalysed by an aldolase.

The feasibility of the one-pot reaction was evaluated by testing whether the aldol intermediates 3 were substrates for the E192N aldolase variant of Nacetylneuraminic
acid lyase. A range of compounds was selected as potential
substrates for the enzyme. The synthesis of the compounds, and their characterisation as substrates for the aldolase variant, is described.

The development of common conditions under which both organo- and enzyme-catalysis could occur was then investigated. To do so, a number of potential organocatalysts suitable for the one-pot reaction were prepared. The catalysts were evaluated in a screening reaction which yielded optimal conditions for the organocatalysed reaction. The organocatalytic conditions were tested for compatibility with the E192N aldolase variant using an appropriate enzyme assay. The optimised process was a sequential one-pot reaction in which the
organocatalysed reaction was conducted before the addition of the variant enzyme. The scope of the optimal process was determined and a range of novel acids of general structure 4, were prepared.


Modulated photothermal techniques provide useful methods based on linear relations to measure the thermal diffusivity of homogeneous materials.This paper investigate theoretically the applicability of such linear relations to layered materials and superlattices. In some cases,the planar excitation and pointlike excitation setups can be combined to give the effective thermal diffusivity perpendicular and parallel to the layers.The thermal parameters of each layer can be obtained from these data and the apparent diffusivity.


In northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States, limited water supplies and fragile landscapes jeopardize world-renowned biological diversity. Simple rock detention structures have been used to manage agricultural water for over a thousand years and are now being installed to restore ecohydrological functionality but with little scientific evidence of their success. The impacts, design, and construction of such structures has been debated among local restoration practitioners, management, and permitting agencies. This article presents archeological documentation, local contentions, and examples of available research assessments of rock detention structures in the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion. A US Geological Survey study to quantify impacts of rock detention structures using remote-sensing analyses, hydrologic monitoring, vegetation surveys, and watershed modeling is discussed, and results rendered in terms of the critical restoration ecosystem services provided. This framework provides a means for comparing management actions that might directly or indirectly impact human populations and assessing tradeoffs between them.


Traditional Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems only have one energy transmission path, which can hardly meet the power demand for high power applications, e.g., railway applications (electric trains and trams, etc.) due to the capacity constraints of power electronic devices. A novel WPT system based on dual transmitters and dual receivers is proposed in this paper to upgrade the power capacity of the WPT system. The reliability and availability of the proposed WPT system can be dramatically improved due to the four energy transmission paths. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) tool ANSYS MAXWELL (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, USA) is adopted to investigate the proposed magnetic coupling structure. Besides, the effects of the crossing coupling mutual inductances among the transmitters and receivers are analyzed. It shows that the same-side cross couplings will decrease the efficiency and transmitted power. Decoupling transformers are employed to mitigate the effects of the same-side cross couplings. Meanwhile, the output voltage in the secondary side can be regulated at its designed value with a fast response performance, and the system can continue work even with a faulty inverter. Finally, a scale-down experimental setup is provided to verify the proposed approach. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method could improve the transmitted power capacity, overall efficiency and reliability, simultaneously. The proposed WPT structure is a potential alternative for high power applications.


PURPOSE: To improve data transfer ability by parallelly and simultaneously transferring data through several input/output channels. CONSTITUTION: An application program 10 can be provided with several files to be simultaneously opened and one different input/output channel is used for each file. Also, the various application programs can share access to a disk device 12 by using the various input/output channels. In order to raise a data transfer speed for input and output between the application program 10 and the disk storage device 12, a channel 14 is used and the data are transferred to a single ligic file and from the file parallelly and simultaneously. Thus, the input/output are accelerated and the data transfer ability is improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Hesperopilio mainae, new genus and species, is described from Western Australia, based on specimens of both sexes. The new genus may be the most plesiomorphic of the subfamily.


If M and M' are simply connected complete Riemannian manifolds of negative curvature, one can compactify them by adding the spheres at infinity M and M', defined by the asymptotic classes of geodesic rays in M and M', respectively. Given a continuous map f:M--, M', the Dirichlet problem at infinity consists, roughly speaking, of finding a harmonic map u: MM' which assumes the boundary value f continuously. The first progress toward this problem was established by Li and Tam [6], [7], [8], Gromov [9] and Akutagawa [1] around 1990, in the case that M and M' both are real hyperbolic spaces. In particular, Li and Tam proved a number of significant results concerning uniqueness, existence and boundary regularity of solutions. Subsequently, in 1993 Donnelly [3] extended their results to the context of rank one symmetric spaces of noncompact type, namely to complex or quaternion hyperbolic spaces and the Cayley plane. Recently, Ueno [12] proved that these can be further extended to the case of Damek-Ricci spaces, which are a generalization of rank one symmetric spaces of noncompact type ([2]). We study the problem for more general family of homogeneous spaces of negative curvature, that is, in the context of k-term Carnot spaces arising as a semidirect solvable extension of the k-step nilpotent Lie groups called Carnot groups ([ 13 l). More precisely, let G be a simply connected solvable Lie group satisfying the following conditions: 1. G is diffeomorphic to the product R+ N of the positive real line R+ with a nilpotent Lie group N. 2. If n and fl R {H}-+-n denote the Lie algebras of N and G respectively, then n


Arsenic in groundwater was first detected in Bangladesh at Chapai Nawabgonj district in 1993. Since then arsenic contamination problem has been reported from almost every parts of the country. It is estimated that approximately 27% of the wells are contaminated with levels above 50ppb, the current drinking water standard for arsenic in Bangladesh (Kinninburg, D. G., et al., 2001). It is also estimated that about 77 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning. A number of technologies are now available for end-of-the-pipe treatment arsenic present in groundwater. These are primarily based on coagulation and filtration. Some of the technologies use alum or ferric chloride as coagulants followed by filtration through a sand column. Other technologies are based on sedimentation and/or filtration through activated/doubly activated column/granular ferric hydroxide column. Aggressive leaching adopted in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) at pH ≤ 5 when applied to the wastes collected from different arsenic removal units has not produced lechate concentrations significant enough to term the wastes toxic as per the USEPA regulatory levels. However, TCLP may not be suitable for assessment of long-term leaching of arsenic from arsenicrich waste, because such leaching may be kinetically restricted. Thus, modification of TCLP to represent the natural leaching environment comparable to real disposal conditions is necessary. Tests under modified TCLP may provide different results. The users are currently practicing a number of arsenic-sludge disposal options. The sub-aqueous disposal 162 Fate of Arsenic in the Environment and buried in mud or mixed with organic matters has been considered for studying the anaerobic leaching of arsenic from solids and multiphasic sludge. This option addresses the situation where the users dispose the sludge/waste into a nearby pond where it is mixed with mud and a small amount of domestic sewage. For both the solid wastes and the mutiphasic sludge, the leaching of arsenic into the overlying aqueous phase showed similar trend where the arsenic concentration peaked within the first week and then tapered off and disappeared after twelve weeks. Absence of residual arsenic in the solids following anaerobic leaching indicate that a significant amount of arsenic is lost through biomethylation induced by the presence of organic matters used in the leaching experiment.


Biodiesel is an alternative fuel substitute for fossil fuel, which is produced from the trans-esterification and esterification process of vegetable oil and animal fats. One of the potential materials to be processed to biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma), due to its high oil content and inedible amount of toxic. Study based on literature review has been done to identify and analyze the effect of catalysts to the yield of biodiesel from kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma) oil. The acquired data on the catalyst used on the experimental trials was categorized as KOH with concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% and NaOH with concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.5% and 2.0%. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the biodiesel that meets the Indonesia National Standard (SNI) requirements was the biodiesel treated with 0.2% KOH and processed in two stages of trans-esterification. Further experimental studies on the multi stages trans-esterification and catalyst treatments are still needed to explore the potential of kemiri sunan for biodiesel production.


In this web note, we reply to a recent paper, gr-qc/0404126, confirming a previous work of ours in which a cosmological bouncing phase was shown to have the ability of modifying the spectrum of primordial perturbations (PRD 68, 103517 2003), but challenging its physical conditions of validity. Explicitly, Ref. gr-qc/0404126, besides pretending our Taylor series expansion of the scale factor close to the bounce amounts to choosing a family of polynomial scale factors, also claims that the bounce affects the spectrum only if the mass scale of the scalar field driving the dynamics is of the order of the Planck mass. We show that these objections are either misleading or incorrect since the minimum size of the Universe a_0 (value of the scale factor at the bounce) is either not physically specified, as required in a closed Universe, or implicitly assumed to be the Planck mass. We calculate this mass and obtain that, unsurprisingly, for a reasonable value of a_0, i.e. much larger than the Planck length, the scalar field mass is smaller than the Planck mass.


The progress in developing one-step technology for dimethyl ether (DME) mass production by Tsinghua Univer-sity and Chongqing Yingli Fuels Chemicals Co. Ltd. has been introduced. The new process, using a circulating slurry reactor,acquired a substantial breakthrough in the industrialization of the one-step DME technology and obtained approving results inthe pilot plant: the once-through CO conversion reached to over 60% and the selectivity of DME over 94%.


This paper reports a study into the relationship between three qualities: students' knowledge of chemical terms, the relationships which they recognize between these terms and their achievement in chemistry. The study was conducted with students aged 16+ years and focused on two areas of chemistry : structure‐property relations and the setting‐up of formulae. Three tests were developed and administered : an 'explanation' test, an 'achievement' test and a 'connectivity' test. Evaluation showed that students possessed a reasonable basic knowledge of chemical terms, but that they were unable to establish correlations between them and to apply their knowledge. Thus, the conclusion is reached that the knowledge of terms is a necessary, but not sufficient, prerequisite for successful problem‐solving.


Taiwan's literature development, many cultural conflict phenomenon, especially in the postwar initial period. These cultural conflict, has the very tremendous influence to Taiwan's history of literature. 《TZU CHIANG》the newspaper supplement, may display this culture the change. This article, from 《TZU CHIANG》 Newspaper supplement, discussion culture, literature classification, literature controversy and so on.


This paper explores the growing need for integrated arts education at the college level. Specifically, the authors describe the need for an arts program which incorporates multiple disciplines and connects them to other, non-creative disciplines. Arts education affords students invaluable lessons in critical thinking, creativity, and communication, all of which are essential for the successful navigation of 21st-century challenges. The authors conclude that, contrary to current trends wherein arts education is being marginalized at the post-secondary level, an integrated approach to college arts education offers indispensable skill and enlargement of perspective for the general education of successful balanced individuals.


Computer English is an integrated curriculum which is related to both basic English and computer science courses.It is not only different from the teaching of computer science courses,but also the teaching of basic English.Based on the current situations of computer English teaching,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the teaching,and puts forward ideas for reform on computer English teaching.


Aim: Enteral nutrition in surgical patients is not only physiological but also cheap. On the contrary, parenteral nutrition is more expensive and has several complications. In this report, we present three different cases in which we had to administer long term parenteral nutrition but somehow could be managed by unique applications of enteral nutrition. Patients and Methods: Three patients (one with pancreas cancer, one with gunshot wound and one with mesenteric vascular disease) were administered different types of enteral nutrition in the postoperative course, between the years 2002 and 2005. The first patient with an unresectable pancreas tumor underwent a hepaticojejunostomy and developed anastomotic leakage. This patient received enteral nutrition from a transhepatically placed jejunal catheter. The second one with mesenteric ischemia received enteral nutrition via a Foley catheter placed into the distal jejunostomy. And the third patient had a gunshot wound. He had persistant duodenal and jejunal multiple leakage with an open abdomen. This patient was also fed with a catheter placed into the distal small bowel. All patients underwent contrast radiographic tests in order to evaluate the patency of the gastrointestinal system prior to enteral nutrition. Results: All postoperative problems could be managed by the advantages of enteral nutrition and the patients were discharged from the hospital uneventfully. Conclusion: In complicated surgical patients, even though the conditions are tough, maximum effort must be done to use the enteral path for nutrition. This will not only minimize the risk for complications but also prevent mortality. Key words: Enteral nutrition, Alternative nutrition, Postoperative nutrition.


Provided is a method and apparatus for producing nickel powder with which in the case of melting and vaporizing nickel raw material charged into a crucible with plasma to obtain the nickel powder, the deterioration in the characteristic of electronic parts can be prevented. The nickel in the crucible 2 set in a plasma reaction furnace 1, is melted and vaporized and cooled to obtain the nickel powder with a grain collecting device 12. At least a portion in contact with the nickel on the surface layer in the crucible 2 or the whole body, is covered with a coating layer. In the coating layer, a material composed of a component used for the electronic parts using the nickel powder for electrode or the material composed mainly of this component, is used. Further, the whole crucible is manufactured with the material composed of the component used for electronic parts using the nickel powder for electrode of the material composed mainly of the component. The inner wall or the whole body in the reaction furnace 1 uses the above material, too.


Discoveries in molecular biology made in recent decades enabled to estimate a key role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in initiating innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune reactions. The increasing clinical significance of infections associated with gram-negative flora, and structural peculiarity of their cell membranes determined the aim of the review — synthesis of modern ideas about molecular mechanisms of infections caused by microorganisms of this type. As an actual model for the implementation of these molecular strategies the authors considered temperature-dependent immunogenicity variations of pathogenic bacteria, yersinia species, depending on the number and types of acyl groups of lipid A of lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane that has a modulating effect on the receptor TLR4 sensitivity, regulating the immune response of the body in infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. The results of numerous studies on molecular mechanisms of yersiniosis and other infections enabled to estimate that the patterns of pathogen associated molecules of gram-negative bacteria when interacting with recognizing the receptors transmit numerous signals to immune cells, and can therefore be used as a natural, innate adjuvants activating an adaptive immune response of the body. These low molecular weight natural adjuvants resembling molecular components of lipopolysaccharides are currently efficiently use to develop modern vaccines designed to activate the work of innate immune system and induce the production of inflammatory mediators.


The socialism harmonious society's construction is a complex engineering.It requests the government to locate the work function in the economical adjustment,market supervising and managing,and the social management and the public service.Meanwhile,the work center is gradually massing to the co-ordinated development of economic society and the harmonious development between human and nature.Only further transforms the government function,takes the practical effective measure,it has the possibility to construct the harmonious society.


Quantum sensing exploits fundamental features of quantum mechanics and quantum control to realise sensing devices with potential applications in a broad range of scientific fields ranging from basic science to applied technology. The ultimate goal are devices that combine unprecedented sensitivity with excellent spatial resolution. Here, we propose a new platform for all-electric nanoscale quantum sensing based on a carbon nanotube double quantum dot. Our analysis demonstrates that the platform can achieve sensitivities that allow for the implementation of single-molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy and therefore opens a promising route towards integrated on-chip quantum sensing devices.


Increasing environmental uncertainty has focused greater attention on firms' overall business orientations, particularly on the marketing orientation and the entrepreneurial orientation. The major purpose of this empirical investigation was to determine whether the marketing orientation and entrepreneurial orientation represent the same or two unique business philosophies.


This article proposes a solution to improve office chairs (referred to as IoT chairs) based on IoT technology and LSTM (Long Short – Term Memory) neural networks to monitor and promptly warn via the Internet about questions of abnormal health status of office staff. An IoT circuit with the MCU-ESP8266 module is used to collect weight and an accelerometer sensor embedded in the chair, which can communicate with a computer to monitor the searing time of the user and warn by sound for prolonged sitting. LSTM neural networks built on MATLAB is trained by deep learning techniques to track inappropriate postures of people sitting in chairs, through analyzing signals from sensors. Experiment results on many different scenarios show that the accuracy of capacity of reminding about the status of prolonged sitting is 100% and reliability of the capacity of detecting and warning abnormal health conditions is 94%. Experiments also show that the ability to complete IoT chairs for a popular application is completely feasible.


Mounting pressures on all levels of government to moderate the growth of their budgets and the movement to redefine medical care as an economic product rather than a social good are exacerbating the always difficult problem of financing care for people without insurance. In the face of this complicated set of forces, state governments and the hospital industry are striking out in a variety of directions in search of answers. The Reagan administration, on the other hand, is resisting any policy options that could thwart its two overriding domestic policy goals: cutting federal social spending and reducing taxes. At this . . .


Expected objective in this IbM is an increase in the production capacity of 400-500 bottles / month to 1000 bottles / month and the improvement of the quality of processing of grapes. Increasing knowledge and skills of farmers in post-harvest handling of the grapes. Empowerment of farmers' management of business management grapes. The products can be sold with appropriate packaging labeling requirements. Longer shelf life of the product with a broader marketing reach. The movement of the economy of rural communities, community activities increased, the growth of farmers invitation partnership business unit and ultimately increased revenue and reduced poverty. Grape juice product has been tested against a component of vitamin C and Anthocyanin content in juice. Dodol products also performed testing of vitamin C and contains antosianinnya. The test results indicate that grape juice contains vitamin C as much as 5.456 mg per 100 g of material and anthocyanin content 8025 mg per 100 g of material, while lunkhead grapes contain vitamin C and anthocyanin content of each is 8.828 mg per 100 g of material and 82.760 mg per 100 g of material. Grape juice products and dodol already marketed. Market segment has been up stalls and outlets in the city of Singaraja and Denpasar. Both of these products have also been promoted within the campus of the University of Udayana during the workshop on Biodiversity of Agriculture on May 15, 2015. This product is highly preferred by consumers proved a number of 150 bottles at a price of Rp 7,000 sold, while lunkhead grapes at a price of Rp. 1,250 as many as 100 seeds. Prromosi also performed on Agricultural Products Festival exhibition held at the Badung regency Tukad Bangkung Pelaga, District of Badung regency evening the number of sales turnover dodol 4,000 seeds with a value of Rp 5,000,000 and products Juzy Grapes 1,000 bottles with a value of Rp. 7,000,000.


Automated feature extraction from program source-code such that proper computing resources could be allocated to the program is very difficult given the current state of technology. Therefore, conventional methods call for skilled human intervention in order to achieve the task of feature extraction from programs. This research is the first to propose a novel human-inspired approach to automatically convert program source-codes to visual images. The images could be then utilized for automated classification by visual convolutional neural network (CNN) based algorithm. Experimental results show high prediction accuracy in classifying the types of program in a completely automated manner using this approach.


Previous research has shown that the Danish-Swedish mutual intelligibility is asymmetric at the text level. Danes perform better in tests developed to investigate intelligibility of Swedish at the global level of whole texts than Swedes participating in Danish tests. This asymmetry has usually been attributed to non-linguistic factors such as a more positive attitude towards Swedes and more experience with Swedish among Danes than vice versa. Also strong evidence has been found for general linguistic explanations of the asymmetry such as speech rate which has been measured to be higher in Danish than in Swedish. Also Danes seem to benefit from the fact that Swedish is similar to written Danish and Swedish when they listen to spoken Swedish. This benefit is smaller for Swedes because spoken Danish has developed away from its written Swedish and Danish form. In the present investigation we investigated Danish-Swedish mutual intelligibility at the word level. We also found an asymmetry at this level and therefore conclude that at least part of the explanation for the asymmetric DanishSwedish intelligibility has to do with linguistic characteristics that are present in single words. To gain insight into the linguistic factors that cause this asymmetry we made a detailed analysis of the kind of errors that the listeners made when listening to cognate word pairs with asymmetric intelligibility. We focus on sound correspondences causing asymmetric problems.


In late August 2011 the annual ICS meeting returned to Glasgow, for a week of Scottish themed socializing and scientific debate. In this overview of the scientific programme we have tried to highlight some of the themes of the meeting, looking at new directions for continence basic science, and focusing on abstracts with important implications for clinical practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:2–6, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide expressed centrally in the hypothalamus and peripherally in the GI tract and adipose tissue. VIP and its VPAC receptors regulate body composition, as implicated by pathway-based, genome-wide association studies. We have previously shown that VIP-/- mice have lower fat mass and higher lean mass than their wild-type littermates. To elucidate the role of VIP in fat mass accumulation, VIP-/- mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet for 12 weeks. We determined that VIP-/- mice were resistant to weight gain and fat mass accumulation and had altered feeding behaviors and metabolic hormone levels. VIP antagonism of differentiating pre-adipocytes inhibited induction of adipocyte-related genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBP. Genetic association analyses using data from the METAbolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) study showed a positive correlation between VIP, VPAC1R and key genetic drivers of adipogenesis. These results implicate VIP's role in modulating fat accumulation.


The massive roll out of ART in sub-Saharan Africa since 2004 has inevitably been accompanied by the emergence of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in treated individuals and transmitted HIVDR in newly infected individuals. To develop a public health framework to monitor and prevent the emergence of HIVDR to maximize long-term ART effectiveness, the 'Pan African Studies to Evaluate Resistance' (PASER) program was established in six African countries from 2006. Later, the Monitoring Antiretroviral Resistance in the African Children (MARCH) pediatric cohort was initiated in Uganda from 2010 with similar objectives to PASER study to address HIV drug resistance a problem to which children are especially vulnerable. With an expanding number of people developing failure and requiring second-line therapy, there was need to develop the evidence base for second- line therapy in Africa. In the context of extensive resistance at the time of first-line failure due to limited access to viral load monitoring, program challenges and resource limitations, a single uniform second- line treatment was likely to be the only feasible management approach. The Europe-Africa Research Network for Evaluation of Second-line Therapy (EARNEST) randomized clinical trial was conducted in 5 African countries from 2010 to provide the necessary evidence to inform second line therapy choices in a way that was relevant and appropriate to the public health approach to HIV treatment rollout. This thesis presents the results from these three prospective cohort studies, assessing the emergence of pretreatment and acquired HIVDR and its impact on first-line and second-line treatment outcomes.


The relations of kindergartners' to 2nd graders' dispositional sympathy to individual differences in emotionality, regulation, and social functioning were examined. Sympathy was assessed with teacher- and self-reports ; contemporaneously and 2 years earlier, parents and teachers reported on children's emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Social functioning also was assessed with peer evaluations and children's enacted puppet behavior, and negative arousability-personal distress was assessed with physiological responses. In general, sympathy was associated with relatively high levels of regulation, teacher-reported positive emotionality and general emotional intensity, and especially for boys, high social functioning and low levels of negative emotionality, including physiological reactivity to a distress stimulus. Vagal tone was positively related to boys' self-reported sympathy, whereas the pattern was reversed for girls.


IT professionals and marketing professionals are the most popular professional jobs for vocational college students.With the widely demand for IT marketing professionals,the rates of computer science graduates employed in the IT market are expanded rapidly.Introducing the marketing concept into IT professionals,bringing marketing course into the IT professional courses construction;strengthening marketing skill of IT professionals can improve the quality and employed rate of computer science students and promote the profound development of higher vocational computer science subject.


The adaptive robust control problem for the speed and tension system of reversible cold strip rolling mill is studied based on the Hamilton theory in this paper. First, the dissipative Hamilton model of the rolling mill system's speed and tension outside loop is built through pre‐feedback control, and then, dissipative Hamilton controllers are designed by utilizing the interconnection and damping assignment and the energy shaping method. Second, in order to realize tensiometer‐free control and adaptive robust control for the perturbation parameters and load disturbance, full‐order state observers and adaptive robust controllers are designed for the rolling mill system's speed and tension outside loop by using the "extended system + feedback" method. Third, robust controllers for the rolling mill system's current inside loop are designed based on the cascade control thought, so as to realize the tracking control for the speed and tension of reversible cold strip rolling mill. Theoretical analyses show that the resulting closed‐loop system is stable. Finally, simulation research is carried out on the speed and tension system of a 1422‐mm reversible cold strip rolling mill, and simulation results verify the validity of the proposed control strategy in comparison with the decentralized overlapping control strategy.


General rigid bead-rod theory [O. Hassager, "Kinetic theory and rheology of bead-rod models for macromolecular solutions. II. Linear unsteady flow properties," J. Chem. Phys. 60(10), 4001–4008 (1974)] explains polymer viscoelasticity from macromolecular orientation. By means of general rigid bead-rod theory, we relate the complex viscosity of polymeric liquids to the architecture of axisymmetric macromolecules. In this work, we explore the zero-shear and complex viscosities of 24 different axisymmetric polymer configurations. When nondimensionalized with the zero-shear viscosity, the complex viscosity depends on the dimensionless frequency and the sole dimensionless architectural parameter, the macromolecular lopsidedness. In this work, in this way, we compare and contrast the elastic and viscous components of the complex viscosities of macromolecular chains that are straight, branched, ringed, or star-branched. We explore the effects of branch position along a straight chain, branched-chain backbone length, branched-chain branch-functionality, branch spacing along a straight chain (including pom-poms), the number of branches along a straight chain, ringed polymer perimeter, branch-functionality in planar stars, and branch dimensionality.


Metamaterials and, in particular, left-handed (LH) materials (negative refractive index metamaterials) have drawn considerable attention in the physics and engineering communities over the last five years. This paper presents a synthesis of the refractive characteristics of a mushroom structure, including dispersion diagram, fields distributions, isotropy and refractive index. In addition, it introduces and demonstrates the concept of plane wave to cylindrical wave transformation by way of a parabolically curved RH/LH interface. A practical mushroom implementation of this interface is also discussed.


The experimental scheme was designed using orthogonal regression test, in which the content of refining agent, refining time and refining temperature were considered as the affecting factors, and surface tension of ZL102 is measured in front of furnace by the self-developed apparatus. A model that refining technology affects the surface tension is established. The results show that the content of refining agent has a significant effect on the surface tension of ZL102 alloy, refining time is inferior, and that refining temperature has almost no effect on the surface tension and the effect of the interactive and quadratic terms can be neglected. The further investigation show that the calculated surface tension slight deviates from the measured values.


This paper analyzed the hydrodynamic performance of POD electric propulsor under the circumstance of different advance ratios. ANSYS-CFX solver was adopted to solve Narvier-Stokes equations with the standard SST turbulence model. The gridded 3-D model of Wageningen B4-70 propeller was implemented in this study as a thrust unit on the based both of push-POD and pull-POD propulsor. The accuracy of the numerical results of B4-70 hydrodynamic performance, including propeller thrust coefficient, torque coefficient and propeller efficiency, were verified by comparing with experimental results of open water test. Numerical analyses of hydrodynamic performance of pull-push POD propulsor were implemented respectively in one propeller revolution. The simulation results were rewarding references for designing electric propulsion system.


Chemical investigation of Erigeron annus afforded two new eudesmenes, which were identified as 1 β, 5α-dihydroxyeudesma-4(15)-en (1) and 1 β, 7α-dihydroxyeudesma-4(15)-en (2).Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR experiments.


Background: The present study was conducted with an aim to Study the relevant Laboratory investigations in cases of Pre-eclampsia of in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Index Medical Result: From the observation Table No. 1 it is clear that platelet count was < 1 Lac /cu mm in 14.07% of mild pre-eclampsia, 72% of severe pre-eclampsia and 75% of eclampsia patients. From the observation Table No.2 it is clear that total bilirubin was > 1.2 mg/dl in 4.68% of mild preeclampsia, 30% of severe pre-eclampsia and 34.37% of eclampsia patients. From the observation Table No.3 it is clear that SGOT was > 72 IU/L in 1.57% of mild pre-eclampsia, 14% of severe pre-eclampsia and 21.88% of eclampsia patients. From the observation Table No.4 it is clear that SGPT was > 72 IU/L in 3.13% of mild pre-eclampsia, 12% of severe pre-eclampsia and 18.75% of eclampsia patients. Conclusion: Platelet count was found to be <1 lac / cumm in significant number of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients in comparison to control group. Hyperbilirubinemia was seen in small groups of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients. Deranged liver enzyme levels were also found in small group of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients. Deranged coagulation profile was also seen a small group of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia patients but not found significant.


Purpose: For most of the pathologies that involve the female genital tract, pelvic sonography is an easily
accessible, cost-effective tool and should be considered as the initial study of choice. However, its
effectiveness depends on the operator ability and their experience demonstrated in its interpretation. A few studies exist that
demonstrate the sensitivity of sonohysterography as a diagnostic method for specic uterine pathologies. With the above, our
research question comes up: what is the sensitivity of sonohysterography for the diagnosis of benign uterine pathology?
Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study of diagnostic sensitivity was carried out in patients who came to
the ofce for abnormal uterine bleeding or fertility problems and who required imaging conrmation for this pathology.
Sonohysterography and hysteroscopy with biopsy for histopathology were performed in all cases. A total of 42 womenResults:
were studied, with an average age of 36 years and a BMI of 24 ± 3 kg / mt2, who's the most frequent reason for consultation was
infertility (71%). The sensitivity of sonohysterography for the polyposis and uterine broids diagnosis was 93% and 85%,
respectively. We propose the possibility that sonohysterography can be used as an alternative procedure toConclusion:
hysteroscopy, leaving the latter as a conrmatory method. This is a method that is easy to perform, less invasive, less costly, and
is well-tolerated. Therefore, diagnostic hysteroscopy could be limited to an inconclusive Sono-HSG, raising the possibility of
replacing 89% of outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopies.


As the dependency ratio is rapidly increasing, the sustainability of the Korean National Pension System is questioned. In this paper we developed an overlapping generations model, Ai la Auerbach and Kotlikoff (A-K, 1987) to analyse the effects of the ageing on the macro-economy and the Korean National Pension System. We improved the original A-K model, utilizing the subsequent developments in the modeling, such as Fullerton and Rogers(1993), Altig et al(2001) and some more. We applied the model to the six alternative policy scenarios, four parametric reforms gradually increasing premium rate to 12% and/or subsidizing its deficit by tax revenues. The other two structural reforms are to change the Basic Pension Amount (BPA) formula either with only A value (average income of all insured) or with only B value (life-time average income of the particular insured person) which results in two extreme changes in the degree of tax-benefit linkage of pension system. A policy recommendation through the simulation is to gradually increase the premium rate to 12% and subsidizing by tax revenue after exhaustion of the pension reserve fund, which enhances the welfare of future generations with minimum backlash from people outside of Nation Pension System. The simulation result for the two structural reforms makes it clear that reform proposals that alter the degree of tax-benefit linkage have very sensitive impacts by income class.


Thank you very much for reading space in landscape themes and painters in the national gallery. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this space in landscape themes and painters in the national gallery, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


In this paper microseismic ambient noise analysis is based on cross-correlation of seismic noise components and cross-spectral analysis in a sliding window in time. The velocity changes were estimated at small aperture in the high frequency range (hundreds of Hz) at the section of the fault zone of the Korobkovskoye ore deposit. The analysis carried out made it possible to determine the propagation velocity and estimate coseismic velocity changes associated with ripple-fired explosion and further relaxation.


A 4-phase wound-field doubly salient generator is researched in this paper. The no-load situation is analyzed ideally and simulated by finite element method. The average inductance of the phase winding, which reaches over 50mH, causes low power factor and decreases the output power. To improve the output power, the capacitors are introduced to compensate the inductive current. For the no-load situation, the capacitors make the phase current has same phase as the flux, and then increase the electromotive force. Compared to the topology with no compensation, the improvement of the output power with the compensation capacitors has been verified by the experiments.


This paper presents the development of a local train set aiming to augment the number of fleets presently the Philippine National Railways (PNR) provides. While importation has been the normal practice to supplement trains in the country's railway lines, this outsourcing is becoming more and more impractical as localization provides compelling advantages of cheaper cost and easier troubleshooting and maintenance. The train is composed of five (5) coaches which is powered by either generator set and/or batteries setting up the hybrid system. The coach assembly was designed using Solidworks and underwent stress analysis to verify its compactness and credibility. The addition of load sharing and regenerative braking technology furthers energy efficiency. To establish interaction with minimal wirings among systems making up the train set, a control system utilizing Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) with CC-Link Central System was installed. Performance testing and Reliability-Availability- Maintainability-Safety (RAMS) validation wrapped up the development securing the train set functionality and commercial viability.


Cloud robot technology is to transfer the computing power of the robot to the cloud. The tasks are distributed to computing nodes for execution, but the previous scheduling algorithms have large task execution makespan, load imbalancing for scheduling, and low QoS, resulting in low execution efficiency. In order to efficiently allocate tasks and improve the performance of cloud robot systems, this paper proposes a multi-task scheduling algorithm based on Min-Min algorithm in cloud computing. Through multi-task simulation experiments, the algorithm can deal with complex multi-task scenarios of cloud robots, effectively improve the performance and QoS of cloud robots, solve the problem of load imbalancing in cloud robot systems, and realize the demand for priority processing tasks.


This paper examines the sampling and jitter specifications and considerations for (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) GNSS software receivers. Software radio (SWR) technologies are being used in the implementation of communication receivers in general and GNSS receivers in particular. With the advent of new GPS signals, and a range of new Galileo signals soon becoming available, GNSS is an application where SWR and software-defined radio (SDR) are likely to have an impact. The sampling process is critical for SWR receivers, where it occurs as close to the antenna as possible. This requires a high-performance Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Important to the specification of both the ADC and PhaseLocked Loop (PLL) is jitter. Contributing to the system jitter are the aperture jitter of the sample-and-hold switch at the input of ADC and the samplingclock jitter. Aperture jitter effects have usually been modelled as additive noise, based on a sinusoidal input signal, and limits the achievable Signal-toNoise Ratio (SNR). Jitter in the sampled signal has several sources: phase noise in the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) within the sampling PLL, jitter introduced by variations in the period of the frequency divider used in the sampling PLL and cross-talk from the clock line running parallel to other


The aim of this research was to obtain a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Ageratum conyzoides based on linear measures of its leaf blade. Correlation studies were done using real leaf area (Sf), leaf length (C) and the maximum leaf width (L), in about 200 leaf blades. The evaluated statistic models were: linear Y = a + bx; simple linear Y = bx; geometric Y = axb; and exponential Y = abx. The evaluated linear, exponential and geometric models can be used in the billygoat weed leaf area estimation. In the practical sense, the simple linear regression model is suggested using the C*L multiplication product and taking the linear coefficient equal to zero, because it showed weak alteration on sum of squares error and satisfactory residual analysis. Thus, an estimate of A. conyzoides leaf area can be obtained using the equation Sf = 0.6789*(C*L), with a determination coefficient of 0.8630.


I. Opening Ceremony.- Opening of the Congress by the Minister of Education.- Statement by the Official Representative from UNESCO.- Statement by the President of ICSPE.- Welcoming Address by the Chairman of the Organising Committee.- II. The Role of International Sport in Advancing or Weakening International Co-existence and Understanding.- 1. The Role of Sport in International Cultural and Social Co-operation.- Sport and International Understanding: Sport as a Carrier of Deep Culture and Structure.- The Totalisation Process in International Sport.- On the Character and Contents of Sport and of International Sporting Activities at Present and in the Future.- The Role of International Sporting Ties in Strengthening Peace and Understanding Between Nations.- Sport, International Conflict and Conflict Resolution.- The Idealistic and Factual Role of Sport in International Understanding.- Nationalism and Internationalism in Sport.- Possibilities of Understanding Modern Sport on the Basis of Aristotelian Theory.- The Social Significance of International Sporting Activity.- 2. The Role of Sport in International Politics.- Sport in Europe and the Helsinki Agreements.- Sport, Political Autonomy and International Understanding.- The Integrational Functions of Competitive Sport and Its Role in Shaping International Competition, Co-operation and Mutual Understanding.- The New International Sports Order: An Appraisal.- The Objectives of Sport and International Understanding.- Fairness, Democracy and Justice.- 3. The Role of the Olympic Games.- The Notions of Peace of Selected Leaders of the Olympic Movement and Their Realisation in the Olympic Games.- Pierre de Coubertin and World Peace.- The Role of the Olympic Games in International Understanding.- Challenges Facing the Olympic Movement - The Outcome of the XIth Olympic Congress.- The importance of the International Sports Movement in Promoting International Understanding - The Viewpoint of an Olympic Athlete.- Great Britain and the 1980 Olympics: A Victory for Olympism.- The Canadian Absence from the XXIInd Olympiad - Some Plausible Explanations.- The New Role of the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.- 4. The Role of International Organisations.- UNESCO's Role in the Field of Sport and Physical Education and the Challenges Facing International Sporting Links in the Future.- Organisations for Sport Sciences: Developments and Perspectives.- On Some Essential Tasks of and Prospects for International Co-operation in Sport Science.- Sport and Health: An Outline of the World Health Organization's Position.- International Workers' Sport as a Means of Bringing Peoples Together.- Nordic Co-operation in Sports.- School Sport Across Borders - Education in Internationalism.- The Finnish Student Sports Federation as a Promoter of International Understanding.- The Prerequisites for the Improvement of International Understanding by Sports Organisations.- III. The Extent and Content of International Co-operation in Sport.- 1. Competitive and Top-Level Sport.- On the History of International Co-operation: Some Trends.- Sport and International Understanding: A Survey of the Structure and Trends of International Sporting Co-operation.- Competitive Sport and International Understanding: Some Sociological Observations on the World University Games of 1983.- 2. Sport for All.- The Extent, Content and Organisation of International Co-operation in the Past, Present and Future in Respect of Sport for All.- European Health Tour 1984 - Promoting Health Through Sport and International Co-operation.- Marathon Peace March: A Demonstration of International Understanding.- Ways of Promoting Voluntary Physical Activity in Present-Day Society.- 3. Sport for Special Groups.- The Extent, Content and Organisation of International Sport for the Disabled in the Past, Present and Future.- The Improvement of International Co-operation and Exchange of Information in Relation to Sports for the Disabled and Other Special Groups.- Volunteers in Sport for the Disabled: A Case Study..- IV. Measures Related to International Co-operation in Sport.- 1. Mass Media and International Understanding.- International Communication, Sport and International Understanding.- Sport in the Mass Media and International Understanding.- Mass Media, Sport and International Understanding.- 2. Co-operation with Developing Countries.- Co-operation Between Developing Countries and Advanced Countries in Respect of Sport.- Co-operation with Developing Countries in Matters of Sport.- Report of a Longitudinal Project in Sport Promotion in Brazil as a Means of Fostering International Understanding.- 3. National Measures.- International Sport Relations.- The Significance of International Co-operation in the Field of Physical Culture Sciences for International Understanding.- Sport and Non-augment: Dilemmas and Prospects.- The State as Sponsor of International Sports.- The Meaning of International Sporting Events to a Small Country (from the Viewpoint of a Sports Leader).- Gynmastics as a Subject in Finnish Secondary Schools Between 1843 and 1917.- International Exchange in Terms of the Recruitment of Star Foreign Players: The Reactions of Sports Clubs in Finnish Basketball.- Some Recreational and Social Sporting Activities of the Mapuche Indians in the South of Chile.- 4. Other Measures.- Sports Medicine Training in Kuopio - International Co-operation.- Structural Variation and Sport Policy: A Comparison of Canadian and British Sport Systems.- V. Conclusions.- Summary of the Theme "The Role of International Sport in Advancing or Weakening International Co-existence and Understanding" (Section II).- Summary of the Theme "The Extent and Content of International Co-operation in Sport" (Section III).- Summary of the Theme "Measures Related to International Co-operation in Sport" (Section IV).- Summary of the Congress by the Chairman of the Scientific Committee.- Final Statement by the President of the International Council of Sport and Physical Education (ICSPE).


Several possible interactions between the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and a Heliothis zea (Boddie) multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzmNPV) were investigated. Female M. croceipes did not transmit the HzmNPV from infected Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to uninfected H. zea larvae via oviposition. For both unparasitized and parasitized H. zea larvae, percent virus-induced mortality decreased with increased host age at infection. Percent H. zea pupating and percent M. croceipes cocoon formation both increased with increased host age at infection for unparasitized and parasitized H. zea , respectively. Although parasitization did not decrease percent virus-induced mortality, it did increase the time to virus-induced mortality compared with that for unparasitized larvae. M. croceipes suffered high mortality when the HzmNPV killed the H. zea host larva before the parasitoid larva had completed its development. Parasitized larvae that escaped or overcame parasitism and then pupated took significantly longer to pupate than unparasitized larvae. Implications of virus-parasitoid interactions on the biological control of H. zea are discussed.


Modern households are deploying Internet of Things (IoT) devices at a fast pace. The heterogeneity of these devices, which range from low-end sensors to smart TVs, make securing home IoT particularly challenging. To make matters worse, many consumer-IoT devices are hard or impossible to secure because device manufacturers fail to adopt security best practices (e.g., regular so ware patches). Vulnerable IoT devices make home networks open to attacks or privacy leaks and make the Internet subject to large-scale Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks such as the Dyn Attack by the Mirai botnet. Securing home networks is particularly challenging. IoT devices are more diverse than those in a managed, conventional network, in terms of both the devices themselves, their introduction to the home network, and the so ware they run. In an enterprise network, for instance, network administrators o en enforce device and so ware homogeneity to ease management and maintenance. Home users may connect a broad array of devices, applications, and services. In conventional networks, expert administrators are responsible for managing the network. For example, they take steps to secure end hosts such as applying security patches. In contrast, most home networks do not have a technically skilled network administrator.


Presents background information that was assembled to help develop a guideline for winter maintenance sand used at airports. After a brief outline of the reasons for controlling sand applications, technical information is presented relating to the friction increase provided by sand applications and on the potential for foreign object damage caused by sand. Some operational considerations related to sand selection and use are discussed, and recommendations are made for changes to the current Transport Canada specification for winter maintenance sand.


Many animal adrenal lesions are frequently observed at necropsy and most often are asymptomatic with clinical syndromes that cause hypofunction or hyperfunction of the gland. The objective of this report is to demonstrate the staging of cysts and to report the clinical evolution of the dog that presented pathognomonic lesions of Cushing's Syndrome and developed Adrenal Cyst and a mass in the Pancreas. We concluded that the use of ultradiluted Viscum album in this patient promoted the control and staging of cystic tumor disease, pruritus and improved immunity to date, totaling 22 months of injectable therapy.


Television is a unique medium with properties which make it invaluable for marketing. These derive from the special nature of the relationship between the viewer and the technology. TV's power lies in its exploitation of unconscious recognition while reducing our ability to recall. 'Good' ads need not contain information; only those elements which create positive emotions and enhance recognition. They need not be recalled to be effective at point of sale. The more concrete the subject of an advertisement with a positively directed message, the higher the chances of its success. Product marketing is, therefore, the forte of the medium. These dynamics create problems for some pro-social marketing and educational TV.


Recent interest in environmental audit has prompted many companies to investigate how their environmental assurance systems could be strengthened by including independent verification programs. The experience with the Environmental Surveillance Program operating at Allied Corporation since 1978 suggests that due to size, organizational characteristics, culture, and specific environmental concerns, there is no single ''best approach.'' Knowledge of the closely related fields of quality control and internal audit leads us to believe that certain basic issues must be addressed by any company adopting such a program. These issues are: authority, independence, program boundaries, reviewer qualifications, and procedures for review, reporting, and followup. Factors unique to specific companies will influence the final resolution of each issue. The role each issue plays in the design and implementation of company programs and Allied's resolution of each are discussed.


Output locality is the complexity measure of computational efficiency for Boolean functions. The function can be eficient if the function has a low output locality. Both security and eficiency are crucial but trade-off concepts of any cryptographic protocol. Recently, a hash function with output locality 4 and still secure under (M, δ)–bSVP assumption was pro-posed. This result block the mold. Further, in 2019, a low constant output locality commitment scheme was constructed. Constant output locality means that the output locality does not depend on the input. Since commitment schemes are fundamental building blocks of various secure protocols, it is useful if a homomorphic commitment with a low output locality is realized. In this paper, we propose a homomorphic commitment scheme with output locality 3. We also give parameter suggestion for our scheme.


In this work, we combine the near ring concept and intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. By using \(t\)-norm and \(t\)-conorm we define intuitionistic fuzzy soft near ring over a given classical near ring and study its characteristic properties.


Fatal uterine hemorrhage is rare, except when it is due to complications of pregnancy or to corporeal and cervical tumors; it is then usually associated with some hematological dyscrasia. Payant (1), Van Vugt (2) and Frazer (3) each described such an occurrence in young women which was attributed to thrombocytopenic purpura. Payant's patient showed symptoms and signs of intraperitoneal hemorrhage for which a ruptured Graafian follicle was considered responsible. In none of these cases was a study of the ovaries or endometrium possible since neither curettement, laparotomy nor necropsy was made. Kermauner (4) reported the death of a 15-year-old girl with myeloid leukemia on the 12th day of her first menstrual period. An involuting corpus luteum was observed in one ovary at necropsy; the endometrium was not described. Fleischmann (5) detailed the necropsy findings in the case of a young woman, 24 years of age, dying from excessive uterine bleeding in association with pernicious anemia. There were observed a...


This year is special for the WORKS series as this corresponds to the tenth issue of this scientific event dedicated to scientific workflows. The call for papers attracted thirteen submissions from Europe, the USA, India and Mexico. After peer reviews by the program committee, nine of the papers were accepted, covering a variety of topics: workflows tasks scheduling, resources allocation for efficient execution, data flows management, languages, workflow adaptation, virtualization and provenance.

Looking over the past years, the problem of workflow scheduling and resources allocation in distributed infrastructures has always been well represented in the WORKS workshop series, with lan increasing interest for cloud type of resources lately. Together with scalability issues, they have represented a fundamental research axis over a long period of time. Accompanying infrastructure virtualization, effort has also been recently invested in abstract workflow representations and dynamic execution processes allowing for reconfiguration depending on the evolving execution conditions or intermediate results found. Finally, it can be seen from this year program that data flow management is a topic with a renewed interest in the broader context of scientific Big Data analysis.


The mineral brazilianite, NaAI3(PO4)2(OH)4, is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a = 11.233 (6), b = 10"142 (5), c=7-097 (4) ,& and fl=97.37 (2) A~. With Z = 4 the calculated density, 2.998 (4), compares well with the measured density, 2.98 (1) gcm -3. The structure was solved by direct phasing and Fourier techniques. Of the 2276 unique reftexions collected by counter methods, 2033 with I> 3a(l) were used in the least-squares refinement to R=0-030 (wR=0-050). Brazilianite is composed of chains of edgesharing AI-O octahedra linked by P-O tetrahedra, with Na located in cavities in the framework.


— Concrete is out and away the foremost wide used construction material these days. Now we are living in the age which related to concrete. But now-a-days due to rapid growth in construction cement is very costly. Also due to large growth in industrialization there is a large amount of wastes generated, which is hazardous to environment and living beings. To overcome above problems, wastes generated can be used as alternative materials in conventional concrete to produce eco-friendly concrete named as Green Concrete. By using this type concrete requires minimum amount of energy and causes least harm to the environment. This project analyses the Comparison of marble dust, crushed coconut shell, broken ceramics waste and rice husk ash in concrete by partial replacement of cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate respectively at the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% concrete specimens were casted and subsequently all test specimens were cured in water at 7 and 28 Days with the specified combinations The experimental study examines the mechanical properties of flexural strength compressive strength. In this project M20 Concrete is designed for various combinations. Nowadays, all over the world aimed at increasing the reuse and recycling products, where it is technically, economically or environmentally acceptable .


The mechanisms of deformation and failure in face-centered cubic (FCC) nickel nanowires subjected to uniaxial tensile loading are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and the size effect on mechanical properties of FCC metal nanowires is studied. Simulation reveals that the surface free energy has great influence on the deformation and failure mechanism of metal nanowires. As a result of free surfaces and their reconstruction, the surface atoms depart from the perfect crystal lattice positions, leading to the appearance of nanocavities on the surfaces that are exposed to external load. The deformation process of nanowires undergoes expansion and connection of nanocavities from surface into inner lattices. Slip occurs during the deformation process, which is consistent with experimental phenomena. Elastic stiffness, yield, and fracture strength of nickel nanowires with various cross-sectional sizes are obtained, and the size effect on these mechanical properties is further analyzed. Based...


Abstract The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using video imaging methods to assist with the design of improved spray application systems that would reduce golf course worker exposure. Method development studies were performed using design engineers as subjects. No pesticide active ingredient was used during the studies. Results are reported as amounts of fluorescent tracer observed on each worker. Exposures for the two spray applicator drivers were relatively low, with the lowest exposure recorded for the driver of the vehicle with a cab. The most striking result was the large amount of exposure received by the mixing/loading worker, nearly three orders of magnitude greater than for the drivers. Tracer dye amounts were greatest on the hands (about 98% of total), with the balance of the exposure occurring on the face and torso. No dye was observed on the air filters used to estimate breathing zone and ambient air exposure levels. Dye amounts measured on the patches locat...


Hierarchical Bayesian models are proposed for overdispersed longitudinal and spatially correlated binomial data. This class of models accounts for correlation among regions by using random effects and allows a flexible modelling of spatiotemporal odds by using smoothing splines. The aim is to identify temporal trends and produce smoothed maps including regional effects for revascularization odds of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in Quebec. Fitting these models requires Monte Carlo Markov chain methods.


Conflict and environmental docility models are used to analyze the impact of ethnicity, architectural design and internal politics on community formation in a HUD-subsidized development for Black, Cuban and White English-speaking elderly. Four interlinked levels of community participation (dyadic friendships, ethnic subcommunities, Tenant's Council political factionalism, and the "community-of-the-whole") are discussed with particular reference to the roles of culture brokers, the Tenant's Council's relationship to the external political structure, and the unique psychophysical and social conditions of the elderly. Suggestions are made for the application of research results to future housing design.


This research aimed to identify activities in which there is a high priority to develop methods of evaluation among various management activities for delivering quality nursing care in Japanese hospitals. We conducted Delphi method-based surveys with 281 certified nursing administrators. Forty-nine administrators completed the surveys (response rate: 17.4 %). Among five categories with 24 activities, " management of nursing organization " and " prevention of adverse events " were judged as the " highest priorities for evaluation. " " Pressure ulcer prevention " and " falls prevention " were judged as the " second priorities for evaluation. " Activities for " improving health care provider–patient relationships " were mostly judged as " no need for evaluation. " In addition, the study determined that there is no need to develop numerical indicators and evaluate the efficiencies of activities for " improving health care provider–patient relationships " . We should develop evaluation methods for activities judged as high priority for evaluation and consider how to evaluate health care provider–patient relationships including qualitative approaches.


a Medical union pharmaceutical company, Abu Sultan, Ismailia, Egypt, b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Suez Canal University,41522 Ismailia, Egypt , c Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 2834 El Horreya, Cairo, Egypt , d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.


how the child, the school, and the teacher interact, but also how my input as an 'outsider' affects the workings of both the school system and the family system, and can therefore be seen as a threat rather than as positive. The introductory chapter was useful in providing information about systems theory and its application to the school as well as the family. However, the following chapters tended to rather repetitively reiterate the same or similar ideas, simply giving different author's experiences. There was little feeling of development of ideas in the book, and there was a sense of it being slightly out-of-date, at least for some of the authors. In fact it appeared that the second edition had not updated all the chapters. The book certainly delivers a clear message and extols the virtues of


A method for manufacturing conductive particles is provided to enhance process safety and lower a production cost by omitting a pre-treatment process for plating, reducing two plating processes into one plating process, and decreasing harmful materials generated from the conventional process. A method for manufacturing conductive particles includes the steps of: (S210) providing polymeric resin-based particles; (S220) forming a nanopowder layer on the surfaces of the polymer resin-based particles; and (S230) performing electroless plating on the formed nanopowder layer. In the step(S220) of forming a nanopowder layer on the surfaces of the polymeric resin-based particles, the nanopowder layer is formed by using a dry physical attachment method. The polymeric resin-based particles are a material selected from the group comprising acrylic, urethane-based, and ethylene-based resins.


This article focuses on themes present in both Shakespeare's Hamlet and Alberti's Momo; these subjects were widespread in Renaissance culture, but both authors use them in the same way. Was Shakespeare familiar with Alberti's works? He may have been, if we consider the possible role of Giovan Battista Giraldi Cinzio, a well-known author in Elizabethan England; his work in Ferrara concerned the circulation of Alberti's thought. Furthermore, Alberti's Opuscoli latini were well known in Europe in the sixteenth century, thanks to Cosimo Bartoli's translation. Perhaps there is only a certain coincidence between Shakespeare and Alberti's thought, but the same vocabulary is employed to describe, for instance, characters and their nature. This study is a sort of inlay, detecting points of agreement between Shakespeare and Alberti on important subjects such as mirrors, theatre, hiding, shadows, and court intrigues.


The stiffness of an asphalt layer is an important characteristic affecting the performance of the layer. This stiffness is affected by temperature and time, as the bituminous component of the asphalt layer ages. As the stiffness increases, the distribution of traffic loads will be affected, as described in multi-layered linear elastic theory. In addition, the increasingly aged condition of the asphalt layer will allow cracking, as a mode of failure, to become increasingly likely. The ageing processes can be characterized as occurring in two phases, namely, Short Term Ageing and Long Term Ageing. Short Term Ageing represents the ageing that an asphalt mix undergoes during manufacture, storage, transport and placement. Long Term Ageing represents the ageing an asphalt mix undergoes after placement, and over the lifetime of the pavement. This paper reviews the different reaction mechanisms of ageing of bituminous binder as well as the effects of oxidation accelerators such as heat and ultraviolet light. There is also an overview of the physical and chemical properties of bituminous binders that can be used to monitor the rate of ageing.


Section I: Basic Immunology: Genetic Aspects, Pathophysiology, Effector Mechanisms. 1. Role of MHC Molecules in Defense Mechanisms to Intracellular Pathogens M. Plebanski. 2. Pathophysiological role of Th1 and Th2 cells P. Parronchi, et al. 3. Activation of Immunologically Ignorant Autoreactive T-Cells by Cryptic Epitopes C.J. Elson, et al. Section II: Bile Acid Metabolism in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. 4. Bile Acid Metabolism and Function in Healthy Man: Possible Interactions with the Immune System A.F. Hofmann, et al. 5. Methylprednisolone: Is There a Role for PBC Treatment? E. Roda, et al. 6. Biliary Lipid Secretion Rates and Bile Acid Composition in Bile After Liver Transplantation K.A. Einarsson, et al. Section III: Cholestasis, Bile Acids and Immunology. 7. Immunohistochemistry of Intra- and Extrahepatic Cholestasis H.P. Dienes, et al. 8. Expression of MHC Molecules During Intra- and Extrahepatic Cholestasis and Their Pathogenetic Implications V.J. Desmet. 9. Expression of Stress Proteins and Steroid Receptors in Patients with Cholestatic Liver Diseases A.D. Jorge, D.R. Ciocca. 10. Role of Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Biliary Liver Diseases K. Tanikawa, et al. 11. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Cholestatic Liver Diseases J. Prieto. 12. The Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on MHC Antigens in Liver Cells L. Theilmann, et al. 13. Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Immune Regulatory Cells O.N. Le, et al. 14. Effects of Cheno- and Ursodeoxycholic Acids on the Effectors of Cell-Mediated Immunity Y. Calmus, et al. 15. MHC Expression in Liver and the Effect of Bile Acids J. Neuberger, R. Joplin. 16. Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production and Antigen Presentation M. Yoshikawa, et al. Section IV: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. 17. Mitochondrial and Nuclear Autoantigens in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis M.F. Bassendine, D.E.J. Jones. 18. Molecular Mimicry and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis J. van de Water, et al. 19. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis W-J. Mayet, et al. 20. Cytokine Profiles in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis R. Klein, et al. Section V: Bile Acid Therapy of Primary Biliary Liver Diseases. 21. Immunosuppression in Biliary Liver Diseases: New Concepts and Strategies M.M. Kaplan. 22. Concepts of the Therapeutic Effect of Ursodeoxycholate S. Guldutuna, et al. 23. Bile Acid Therapy in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis J. Heathcote. 24. Lessons from Ursotherapy in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis R. Poupon, R.E. Poupon. 25. Ursodeoxycholic Acid for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis A. Stiehl. Section VI: Bile Acid Therapy in Biliary and Non-Biliary Liver Diseases in Combination with Other Therapeutic Regimens. 26. The Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Prednisolone M. Leuschner, et al. 27. The Influence of Ursodeoxycho.


This thesis discusses the design and improvement of microchannel plate (MCP) chevron detectors for imaging soft X-ray astronomy. Parti cular attention is focused on the MCP quantum detection efficiency and output pulse height distribution. Graded density electrodes are shown to be a suitable two dimensional image encoding system for MCP's. Details are given of a specially con structed vacuum system for testing chevron MCP detectors. Significant reductions in output pulse height distribution FWHM are demonstrated by applying an accelerating potential between the two MCP's of a chevron. Preliminary work on the development of a curved surface MCP detector, for use with grazing incidence optics, is reported and recommendations given for future development. The rational behind using Csl reflection photocathodes to improve the MCP's quantum detection efficiency is examined. Existing Csl photo cathode techniques are reviewed and extended to allow the deposition of 14,000 A thick layers. A detailed set of efficiency measurements is presented. Increased high angle efficiencies are obtained by using a repeller grid with a Csl coated MCP. The results of attempting to produce an MCP with an input electrode that does not penetrate into the channels are also described. The overall usefulness of a repeller grid is discussed. Significant intrinsic energy resolution is achieved, for the first time, from a Csl coated MCP chevron. The resolution is sufficient to allow two colour photometry, separating energies above and below 1 keV. One attempt to improve the energy resolution is documented together with suggestions for further ways in which this might be achieved.


In the literature of animated films often find authors who consider the anime style as lacking dynamism, stylized designs, with technical limitations in the process of creation, low quality animation in which violent situations prevail. This article shows how this particular style of animation experience a creative transformation in the process of production that manages to increase the image quality and the effect of movement in the animations.


A focused survey of glazing system behavior in multi-story buildings in the direct aftermath of Hurricane Andrew was conducted. Seventeen buildings and four building complexes were examined between 26 August and 30 August, 1992. The buildings surveyed spanned a 32 km (19 mile) distance from Miami on the north to Cutler Ridge on the south. With few exceptions, glazing systems performed poorly and damage to building contents was extensive. The following specific observations were made: (1) impacts from windborne debris were a dominant cause of glass failure; (2) wall system anchorages sometimes failed; (3) prevention of 'blow-through' after internal pressurization significantly mitigated storm damage to building interiors; and (4) outer-lite-only failures occurred on some insulating glass units. Results of the survey underscore the vital importance of maintaining the integrity of a building envelope during a severe windstorm. Windborne debris must be considered in the design of architectural glazing systems, as must proper anchorages of glazing systems to building framing members.


The surface and fringe cracks in thin strips produced by CSP process were studied. The forming mechanism and involved influencing factors were analyzed and then the preventive measures were put forward. The test results show that the main factors causing surface crack on thin strip are the enrichment of impurity elements (Cu,Sn,Sb et al.) in the interface of matrix and iron scale as well as the upper contents of residual elements in steel.