The authors of this paper believed that inversion of evidential burden was encountered everywhere in our daily practice as well as in the process of coordinating the relationship between medical professionals and patients, starting with investigating a case of lumbocrural pain following cesarean section. Medical care providers are expected to realize the profound implications behind evidential burden inversions so as to establish awareness of evidence and to do our best at collecting and preserving all the evidence in case of law suit. The characteristics of medical evidence needs to be further studied according to the authors. He also put forward the concept of study subject on medical evidence.


There are many problems in the late period of development and construction of all - round well - off society. This paper makes countermeasures.


The traditional forms of role-playing include tabletop roleplaying, larp and online role-playing. In this paper I describe a fourth form, pervasive role-playing, which often follows many conventions of larp, but break out of the magic circle of gameplay in order to interact with surrounding society. The central pleasures of pervasive role-playing are related to playing for real, with the environment and having a tangible, unmediated experience of being a part of a complete and physical world of fiction. Author Keywords pervasive role-playing, pervasive game, role-playing game, social expansion, magic circle TOWARDS A NEW FORM OF ROLE-PLAYING The history of various forms of role-playing games has been written several times by different authors [1, 13, 15, 17, 25]. The contemporary types used for entertainment, recreation, education and artistic expression evolved since the 70's, when Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson published the first editions of Dungeons & Dragons, Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle created Multi-User Dungeon and the first larps (live action role-playing games) were played out. The cultural environment allowing the birth of the tabletop, live and online role-playing cultures included many crucial elements. Renaissance fairs, creative anachronism, Tolkien influences, wargamer cultures, assassination games, performance arts et cetera played their parts in the emergence and evolution of role-playing games. Influences are hard to track, but looking into the history of different forms of role-playing it appears that role-playing is something that is often built "on top" of earlier forms of playful action. Role-playing is not a direct descendant of wargaming or history enactment, but they were central circumstances making the emergence of role-playing games possible. I have earlier discussed the three typical forms of roleplaying: tabletop role-playing, larping and online roleplaying [14]. In this paper my aim is to describe a fourth form of role-playing, pervasive role-playing that combines the elements of pervasive gaming with those of role-playing, providing an interesting style of play where ludic and ordinary reality can be seamlessly mixed. Before going into how early assassination games paved the way for pervasive role-playing, we'll have a look at the concepts of roleplaying and pervasive gaming. Defining Role-Playing I have elsewhere [22] discussed role-playing through the invisible rules guiding the social process of play. Interestingly, few role-playing rulebooks actually disclose the rules of role-playing. They focus on algorithmic game mechanics, while discussing the process where they are used only implicitly in sections on "how to role-play" and "what is role-playing". Analyzing different forms of role-playing, I have concluded that three elements are central to the process of role-playing, whether it is done in verbal, physical or virtual environment – whether it's tabletop, live action or online role-playing. First, role-playing is based on an interactive process of defining and re-defining an imaginary game world. Every player has a subjective understanding of what the imaginary game world is like, and the game consists of creating and communicating those understandings. This defining work can be done through speech, but other methods of representation are also used – larp is based on physical acting and online role-playing games communicate through virtual environments. Background music, cultural references and other allegoric methods are also often used. Second, all role-playing is based on a power structure that governs the process of defining. In tabletop games and larps it's especially critical to establish the limitations of each participant's power: The environment is classically controlled by one player (the game master), while the others take over individual persons within the environment (see [4] for discussion). Often some power is allocated to a ruleset or a digital virtual environment, but even in the virtual worlds the players can utilize make-believe techniques to redefine the game world. Third ubiquitous feature in role-playing is anthropomorphic characters portrayed by players. Classically the playerparticipants have one character each, and characters delimit their defining power: In a typical game, players have the final say to decide the actions, emotions and thoughts of


The nature,diversity,multilevel nature and limitation of 'Xiang' thought,union of 'Xing' and 'Shen','Qi' monism were discussed in this article.There should be some image formation of 'Xiang' thought.The nature of 'Xiang' in TCM is a kind of message that can be transferred between the subjective and objective.So the called 'the body and the spirit union' and 'constitution' theory is misunderstanding of the relationship between the body and the spirit.And it lead to the wrong concept of '9 kind of constitution' that confused the constitution and the psychology.'Qi' has the non-material character,complementary and coexisting character of 'Qi' monism and 'Qi'pluralism is the whole character of Chinese traditional thought.


The goal of my PhD is to investigate how older people exchange social support in empathic online communities. This will be achieved through an in-depth investigation of online communities for older people. The results of my work will shed light on the characteristics of empathy exchanged among older people in online communities opposed to their offline communication. This is a valuable contribution to the research area of HCI, as it shows how empathic online communities can be used to support older people in their daily lives. I have published the preliminary findings of my work as a full paper at CHI 2007.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the historical technological catch-up processes with particular attention to the role of windows of opportunity (WoO). As Industry 4.0 becomes the benchmark of many latecomer countries, this paper may provide guidelines to both policymakers and business practitioners. For clarifying how to catch up with the incumbents and leaders, the authors summarize the lessons based on the historical observations to conclude the pathways for latecomers who aim to reduce the gaps to leaders and manage catch-up. This study enriches the literature of catch-up from a holistic view with fresh insights into how and where to catch up.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyze the technological catch-up processes emerged in advanced industrial powers, newly industrialized countries (NICs) and emerging economies (EEs). By categorizing the countries into three kinds, they summarize the processes of catch-up along with the industry evolutions. Moreover, they explore how WoO may facilitate the catch-up processes from one stage to the next in above-mentioned categories. Doing so helps to further examine how technological catch-up and WoO interplay and differ among countries. Then, the authors further investigate the latecomers and incumbents and conclude the target choosing, path setting and direction selecting when implementing a catch-up strategy.

Findings
This study shows that technological catch-up emerged first in advanced industrial powers (AIPs), then in NICs and recently in EEs. Technological catch-up processes in AIPs and NICs take longer time than those in EEs. WoO from policy, market and technology usually collaboratively facilitate the technological catch-up processes in AIPs and NICs. However, in EEs, single WoO can lead to a successful catch-up. The authors further summarize the directions and pathways of catch-up: AIPs and NICs are normally considered by some latecomers to catch up with, while EEs are not.

Originality/value
This study is among the first to systematically review the historical developments of industry evolutions by focusing the technological catch-up based on the different categories of countries: AIPs, NICs and EEs. Moreover, the authors are also among the first few integrating the WoO and technological catch-up processes in different kinds of countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, they are also one of the pioneers who highlight the directions and pathways of latecomers and target choosing to catch up with. They also explore the possibility of selecting EEs as catch-up targets.


The properties and geometries of Na atoms adsorption on Ag (001) surface were studied by means of the density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The adsorption energies, adsorption structures and density of states were calculated at 0.25 monolayer (ML). It was found that the hollow sites were the favorable adsorption sites with the lowest adsorption energies, which was in good agreement with the available experiments. The Fermi level of Ag increased due to electrons transferred from Na atoms to silver surface. This result indicated that the chemical activities of the Ag atoms used as catalyst increased, which means that Na is a promoter of catalyst. The results from the partial density of states suggested that the electron of Na atoms entered the p orbital of Ag atoms. At last, the mechanism that Na as a promoter of catalyst was elucidated using an adsorptive hydrogen molecule on the silver surface.


The measurement accuracy and stability of a contactless voltage sensor are greatly affected by the relative locations of the cable and sensor. We propose a contactless voltage sensing method considering the adaptive compensation of the induced voltage of an electrode array to improve the sensing accuracy and reliability. A novel electrode array structure composed of four uniformly distributed electrodes is designed to collect the spatially distributed electric field around the power cable. To quantify the correlation between the change in the relative location of the cable and the induced voltage of the electrode array, a setup for measuring sensor output characteristics based on the coordinated control of dual motors and the synchronous collection of induced voltages of electrodes is developed. The relationship between the change in cable location and the sensing voltage is studied at different voltages. To further improve the sensing accuracy, a voltage adaptive compensation method is proposed, in which a linear regression algorithm is used to analyze and learn the quantitative relationship between the induced voltage of the electrode array and the cable location. The results of a verification test carried out in the range of 160–240 V AC show that by voltage adaptive compensation, the voltage fluctuation range caused by the change in the relative location of the cable is reduced from ±25 to ±4 V and the maximum measurement error is reduced from 15% to less than 2.5%.


(00l)-facet-exposed planelike ABi2Nb2O9 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) powders with a single-crystal grain were obtained successfully by the molten salt method. The planelike grains were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With modification by platinum nanoparticles as a cocatalyst, these materials were tested as photocatalysts for water splitting under full arc light irradiation. The H2 evolution activities of the planelike ABi2Nb2O9 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) prepared by the molten salt method were almost an order of magnitude higher than those of the ABi2Nb2O9 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) prepared by traditional solid-state method. The planelike ABi2Nb2O9 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) powders also have higher O2 evolution activities than the ABi2Nb2O9 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) powders prepared by the traditional solid-state method. The oxidation and reduction catalytic sites on the planelike AB...


The newly developed rotary engine has achieved major progress in high performance, improved fuel economy and clean exhaust gas by innovative action. The engine of the next generation is named RENESIS, which stands for "The RE (Rotary Engine)'s GENESIS" or the rotary engine for the new millennium. The peripheral exhaust port of the previous rotary engine is replaced by a side exhaust port system in the RENESIS. This allows for an increase in the intake port area, thus producing higher power. Exhaust opening timing is retarded to improve thermal efficiency. The side exhaust port also allows reducing the internal EGR, stabilizing the combustion at idling. The improved thermal efficiency and the stabilized idle combustion result in higher fuel economy. In addition, the side exhaust port allows a reduction of the HC mass, realizing reduced exhaust gas emission. A Sequential Dynamic Air Intake System is adopted which optimizes air intake depending on the actual engine speed range, producing high torque ranging from low to high engine speeds. Gas seals were optimized for the side exhaust port RE. INTRODUCTION In order for the rotary engine (RE) to keep meeting a wide range of market needs as an automotive engine, its performance needs to be improved while making a drastic improvement to the fuel economy and the exhaust gas emission at the same time. Therefore Mazda has researched the side exhaust port system as the improvement to RE's essential area, and have reported its improvement potential for the fuel economy and the exhaust gas emission. [1] Compared to the peripheral exhaust port of previous RE, the side exhaust port offers more design freedom for the intake/exhaust port shape. This allows for port timing and shape setting, which enables balanced output, fuel economy and exhaust gas emission. This paper describes an overview of the RENESIS and technologies. TARGET OF RENESIS DEVELOPMENT The RENESIS was developed targeting at high output power with natural aspiration, but at the same time stringent emission regulations in relevant markets and a high fuel economy were to be met to target high performance RE accepted in the 21 century. The engine development aimed at: (1) Realizing smooth and high power from low to high engine speed. (2) Drastic improvement in fuel economy. (3) Reduction of exhaust emissions. RENESIS MAJOR SPECIFICATIONS The RENESIS is more simple and compact outside view than the previous model turbo-charged as shown in Fig. 1. Fig.1: Photo of RENESIS Engine 2004-01-1790 Masaki Ohkubo, Seiji Tashima, Ritsuharu Shimizu, Suguru Fuse and Hiroshi Ebino Copyright © 2004 SAE International AS shown in Table 1, RENESIS has two versions of High power and Standard power, and they have the different output characteristics and allowable engine speed. The RENESIS has the exhaust ports in the side housings and higher compression ratio than the previous model (13B-REW). Fig. 2 shows the schematic of the fuel and the emission control system. The high-power RENESIS is fitted with a 32-bit PCM operation for optimum fuel injection supported by three injectors per rotor to improve fuel economy, response and power simultaneously. For the aim of the RENESIS development, additional technologies are adopted based on the side exhaust as shown in Table 2. BASIC PERFORMANCE 1. Engine Output Performance The high-power RENESIS output performance is 177kW at 8500rpm, 216N·m at 5500rpm. The standard-power RENESIS is 147kW at 7200rpm, 222N·m at 5000rpm. Torque curves are shown in Fig.3. Fig.2: Fuel & Emission Control System (High-Power) 13B-REW High-Power Standard-Power (RX-7) 654 × 2 654 × 2 654 × 2 15 × 105 × 80 15 × 105 × 80 15 × 105 × 80 Side Intake Side Intake Side Intake Side Exhaust Side Exhaust Peripheral Exhaust 10.0 10.0 9.0 I.O(ATDC) 3° 3° 45° I.C(ABDC) 65° 60° 50° I.O(ATDC) 12° 12° 32° I.C(ABDC) 36° 45° 50° I.O(ATDC) 38° n/a n/a I.C(ABDC) 80° n/a n/a E.O(BBDC) 50° 40° 75° E.C(BTDC) 3° 3° 48° ATDC S-DAIS S-DAIS Non Variable Natural Aspiration Natural Aspiration Sequential Twin-Turbo Intake Charge Type RENESIS Auxiliary Exhaust Port Timing Intake System Exhaust Type Compression ratio Primary Secondary Eccentricity × Generating Radius × Width (mm) Engine Displacemet (cc) Intake Type Table 2: Major Technologies Fig.3: Engine Output Performance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Engine speed (×1000rpm) To rq ue (N •m ) High power Standard Power 216N•m/5500rpm 222N•m/5000rpm 147kW/7200rpm 177kW/8500rpm Table 1: Major Specifications Higher and Smoother Output Power Side Exhaust Port Enlarged Intake Port Area Enlarged Exhaust Port Area Improved Fuel Economy Side Exhaust Port No Intake/Exhaust Overlap Retarded Exhaust Open Timing Cut-Off Seal Improved Exhaust Emission Side Exhaust Port Improved HC Emissions S-DAIS Sequential Dynamic Air Intake System Dual Wall Exhaust Manifold Jet Air/Fuel Mixing System


In this paper, we propose a cross-channel, cross-scale, and cross-stage network (C3Net) for single image super-resolution, which effectively shares the features learned from multiple channels, multiple scales, and multiple stages. Multi-scale spatial features are extracted in each stage in an encoder-decoder fashion. The channel attention is performed after each encoder to exploit the inter-channel dependencies. After that, we design a cross-stage and cross-scale feature sharing module to accelerate the feature sharing across different scales and different stages. The whole network is optimized by multiple similar stages to reduce the number of parameters. Finally, super-resolution images of multiple resolutions are reconstructed simultaneously. We evaluate the proposed network on four benchmark datasets by comparing it with eleven state-of-the-art methods. Comprehensive experiments show the proposed network outperforms state-of-the-art methods by fewer parameters. The source code is available at https://github.com/thinkerww/SR_Version.


The course of Marxism absorbed by China is going along the new innovation,which puts forward some new requirement to teachering.Under background of new course innovation,the paper discusses some suggestion and countmeasure to upgrade teaching quality from three angles:enhancing integrity and oneness of course teaching;extruding important contents;optimizing teaching case according to students specialty.


KEY POINTS
Clinical practice guidelines can enhance the delivery of evidence-based health care. Yet, after reviewing the same evidence, at about the same time and from the same sets of clinical trials, medical panels in different parts of the world have issued varying, and sometimes even conflicting


This study was conducted to establish vegetation structure characteristics and vegetation management plan of the cultural landscape forests located around Unmun Temple in Cheongdo-gun and to provide the basic data needed to manage the cultural landscape forests. The landscape characteristics are analyzed in two perspectives including the landscape as viewed from inside and outside of Unmun Temple and eight landscape views are selected. Main views are Pinusdensifloraforest and Abiesholophyllaforest around Unmun Temple. As a result of the survey of existing vegetation around Cheongdo-gun Unmun Temple, P.densiflora forests and P.densiflora-A.holophylla forests are widely distributed, occupying 79.2% of the forest. The plant community structure was classified into seven types according to the three topographic characteristics, flat forests, slope forests, and lower forests, Which were divided into a total of 30 survey plots and the average relative importance percentage was determined. The P.densiflora community on the flat are dominated by Carpinustschonoskii in Under-canopy. The P.densiflora-A.holophylla community on the flat had a relatively high rate of domination in the shrubs. There were no competing species for the A.holophylla community on the plat. The large standard P.densiflora and the small standard P.densiflorawere expected to be confined by P.serrulatavar. pubescensand the Quercusvariabilis on the slopes. The managed P.densifloracommunity had a relatively high rate of P.densifloradomination in the shrubs. The P.densiflora community on the lowland was dominated by Styraxjaponicus and P.serrulata var. pubescens. The Shannon species diversity index was 0.2360 to 1.4088. The results of the correlation analysis with P.densiflora,A.holophylla and other species were P.densiflorahad negative correlation with Acermono, Corylusheterophyllavar. heterophylla, Zelkova serrata and A.holophylla, and A.holophylla The P.densiflora and A.holophylla cultural forest landscapes around Unmun Temple.


Nanoporous TiO2 thin films have been widely used as window and n-type material for the Extremely Thin Absorber-ETA solar cells. Nano scale titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were deposited on the surfaces of bare glass and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using spin coating method. The effect of different spinning rates on the surface structures and properties of the films was investigated. The surface morphology of nanostructure TiO2-coated films were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and BET studies. UV-Vis spectroscopy and dark I-V measurement were also performed to get the information about the optical and electrical properties. The test results proved that; by changing the spinning rates homogeneous anatase films of TiO2 with different thicknesses can be produced. The investigation show that TiO2 porous films obtained by spin coating method with 8000 rpmspinning rate have the appropriate properties for ETA solar cell study.


Percentage sampling is used when the concrete members are to be inspected.This paper takes the sampling method used in rebound method as an example to analyze the percentage sampling based on the maximum absolute error and the maximum relative error theory and concludes that this method is not reasonable.A method for the determination of the sample size is proposed in this paper by controlling the maximum error when the constructions have different concrete strength and different number of members;and if the stratified sampling method is used properly,the subpopulation variance will decrease and the sample size will descend consequently.This method also can be used in other aspect of inspection to determine the sample size.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan(CPT-11) plus fluorouracil(5-FU) and leucovorin(LV) in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma,in reference to those of paclitaxel(TAX) and cisplatin(DDP) combined with 5-FU and LV.Methods:63 Patients with untreated advanced gastric carcinoma were randomly enrolled into treatment group and control group.The treatment group were treated with CTP-11 200 mg on day 1,LV 200 mg and 5-FU 500 mg on day 1~5 while the control group were given TAX 180 mg on day 1,DDP 60mg on day 3,LV 200 mg and 5-FU 500 mg on day 1~5.Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks.All the patients received at least two treatments and were evaluable for response rate,survival time,and adverse effect.Results:In 31 evaluable patients in treatment group,CR 0 case,PR 8 cases(25.8 %),SD 12 cases(38.7 %),and PD 11 cases(35.5 %).The response rate was 25.8 %(8/31).In 29 evaluable patients in control group,CR 0 case,PR 8 cases(27.6 %),SD 12 cases(41.4 %),and PD 9 cases(31.0 %).The response rate was 25.8 %(8/31).No significant difference was found in terms of response rate between two groups.The median survival and 1-year survival rates were 7.7 and 8.3 months,and 34.4 % and 41.4 % for both groups,respectively.There was no significant difference between two groups.The most common drug-related adverse effects,mainly grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ,included neutropenia,hepatic toxicity,neurotoxicity,diarrhea,nausea,and vomiting.The incidence rate of diarrhea in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group.Adverse effects of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ rested on neutropenia and neurotoxicity,and the incidence rate in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group.No treatment-related death occurred.Conclusion:Intravenous drip of CPT-11/5-FU/LV seems an active approach for untreated advanced gastric carcinoma with tolerated side effects.Further extensive investigations concerning the dose and course of treatment are demand.


In the context of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, many systems are known to possess a pseudo PT symmetry , i.e. the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H is related to its adjoint H^{{\dag}} via the relation, H^{{\dag}}=PTHPT . We propose a derivation of pseudo PT symmetry and {\eta} -pseudo-Hermiticity simultaneously for the time dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians by intoducing a new metric {\eta}(t)=PT{\eta}(t) that not satisfy the time-dependent quasi-Hermiticity relation but obeys the Heisenberg evolution equation. Here, we solve the SU(1,1) time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and we construct a time-dependent solutions by employing this new metric and discuss a concrete physical applications of our results.


Attention mechanism has been ubiquitous in neural machine translation by dynamically selecting relevant contexts for different translations. Apart from performance gains, attention weights assigned to input tokens are often utilized to explain that high-attention tokens contribute more to the prediction. However, many works question whether this assumption holds in text classification by manually manipulating attention weights and observing decision flips. This article extends this question to Transformer-based neural machine translation, which heavily relies on cross-lingual attention to produce accurate translations but is relatively understudied in this context. We first design a mask perturbation model which automatically assesses each input's contribution to model outputs. We then test whether the token contributing most to the current translation receives the highest attention weight. We find that it sometimes does not, which closely depends on the entropy of attention weights, the syntactic role of the current generation, and language pairs. We also rethink the discrepancy between attention weights and word alignments from the view of unreliable attention weights. Our observations further motivate us to calibrate the cross-lingual multi-head attention by attaching more attention to indispensable tokens, whose removal leads to a dramatic performance drop. Empirical experiments on different-scale translation tasks and text summarization tasks demonstrate that our calibration methods significantly outperform strong baselines.


There are some shortcomings in traditional test model for new talent cultivation.This paper gives some suggestions on the reform of professional curriculum examination in colleges.


This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of Crassula ovata (C. ovata) against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. About 1-3g samples of C. Ovata leaf samples were extracted with 95 % ethanol and the extract infused into paper discs by soaking and drying. The dried discs were screened against various strains of bacteria and the antimicrobial effects of the infused agents determined by measuring zones of inhibition due to the agents infused into the discs. By the zones of inhibition, C. ovata showed antimicrobial activity against the following gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (14 mm mean zone of clearing), P. vulgaris (13 mm mean zone of clearing), E. cloacae (16 mm mean zone of clearing), and K. pneumoniae (13 mm mean zone of clearing). C. ovata showed antimicrobial activity against the following gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (22 mm mean zone of clearing) and S. agalactiae (8 mm mean zone of clearing). C. ovata did not show antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes. By its antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, C. ovata displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, P. vulgaris, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae. C. ovata may have the potential to serve as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial in the future. Further testing should be done to investigate the toxicities and side effects of C. ovata. Further testing must also be done with C. ovata against drug-resistant strains of bacteria.


13564 Background: Retrospective analyses on elderly people enrolled in clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer indicated the maintenance of the efficacy in that subset of patients (pts). However, data on the benefit of the routinely used adjuvant treatment in an unselected population of pts aged more than 65 years are few.

METHODS
All the charts of pts radically operated for colon cancer from 1996-2001 at Medical Oncology, Padua Hospital, were retrospectively analysed. 147 out of 330 pts consecutively treated with fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy was aged 65 years or more at the time of diagnosis. Kaplan-Meyer progression-free-survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of stage II and III pts were calculated.

RESULTS
Pts characteristics were: males/females: 87/60, median age 71 (range 65-87), ECOG PS 0/1: 124/23, right/left colon primary tumor: 62/85, TNM stage: 24/63/60. 86 out of 147 pts were treated with the following regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy: FU 370 mg/mq + leucovorin (LV) 20 mg/mq day 1-5 q 28 for 6 cycles (Machover regimen, n=69), or FU 500 mg/mq + LV 250 mg/mq weekly × 6 q 56 for 4 cycles (Roswell Park regimen, n=17). Treated pts were staged as follows: TNM stage I/II/III: 1/38/47. No toxic death were observed and only nine of 86 pts (10.4%) stopped the treatment due to acute grade III gastrointestinal toxicity. At a median follow-up of 73.2 months, 19 out of 86 pts (22%) developed cancer recurrence (3-y PFS: 82.2%, 5-y PFS: 80.3%). Seventeen pts (19.7%) died, 13 (15.1%) due to tumor progression, 3 (3.4%) due to acute heart failure, and 1 (1.1%) due to chronic pulmonary disease (3-y OS: 88.8%, 5-y OS: 82.4%). No statistically significant difference in survival was observed comparing pts aged 65-70 (n=41) with pts more than 70 years old (n=45): 5-y OS 84.1% vs 77.8%, respectively (p=2.23, log rank test). A separate survival analysis on stage II pts was performed (n=63). 5 of 38 (13.1) treated pts dead, compared to 9 of 25 (36%) non treated pts; 5-y survival in the two groups were 86.6% and 60.8%, respectively (p= 0.03, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy appears maintained in an unselected population of elderly pts. Surprisingly, our retrospective analysis suggest that even stage II pts may benefit of a fluorouracil-based well tolerated chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Summary A method is described for determination of serum total and organic bound phosphorus using chloric acid digestion and subsequent formation and reduction of a phosphomolybdate complex with p-semidine. The advantages of the method are ease of digestion and color development and stability of color-complex. This method compares well with the Fiske-Subbarow method.


OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of humanized nursing interventions on the incidence of complication of arteriovenous fistula in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis so as to guide the clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 96cases of patients,who underwent the maintenance hemodialysis from Dec 2010to Dec 2012,were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 48 cases in each;the control group was treated with the conventional nursing mode,while the observation group was given the humanized nursing additionally based on the conventional nursing mode,then the incidence of the complications such as thrombosis,infection,and bleeding and the life quality were observed and compared between the two groups,the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS18.0software,t-test was conducted for the comparison,and the chi-square test was carried out for the analysis of count data.RESULTS The incidence of the complication of arteriovenous fistula has been significantly reduced in the observation group,the duration of use of internal fistular had been extended;the positive rate of occlusion of internal fistular was 4.17% in the observation group,10.42%in the control group;the positive rate of aneurysmal dilatation was 6.25% in the observation group,12.50%in the control group,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P0.05).The incidence of the complications such as the thrombosis,infection,bleeding,hemangioma, and swelling hand syndrome was 10.42%in the observation group,25.00%in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05).The life quality of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).CONCLUSION The implementation of the humanized nursing interventions for the maintenance hemodialysis patients may significantly reduce the incidence of internal fistular and improve the patients' life quality.


The article states that the Hubble Space Telescope has discovered the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet beyond the Milky Way. This exoplanet orbits a star that is 63 light years away from Earth. Scientists compared the light spectrum form the star and the planet combined to determine the atmospheric components.


LABELING was carried out by direct iodination of tizanidine (100 µg) with radioiodine (125I) in a fast single step at room temperature, to produce 125I-tizanidine (125I-TZN). 50 µg chloramine-T (CAT) was used as an oxidizing agent to oxidize the iodide ion to the iodonium ion, at neutral pH = 7 within 15 min. A high radiochemical yield of 92.8 % ± 0.1 was obtained. 125I-TZN was stable for 2 h without detection of any      by-products in the reaction mixture. The partition coefficient value of 125I-TZN was 2.21 ± 0.02, showing that it is very lipophilic and can easily cross the blood brain barrier. Biodistribution studies and in vivo imaging showed that the initial brain uptake correlated fairly well with the brain-binding affinity of the compound. The brain uptake of 125I-TZN was as high as 5.2 % and 8.0 % in biodistribution studies and in vivo imaging at 120 min post injection, respectively. Thus, 125I-TZN is promising in radioreceptor assays for brain imaging.


This paper proposes a new three-phase positive sequence detector. The scheme is based on a stationary reference frame and a Moving Average Filter (MAF) that guarantees the complete cancellation of harmonics and grid imbalances. The performance of the MAF is mathematically analyzed and a proper selection of the optimal filter's window width is realized. The proposed detector operates in open loop and there is no PI controller to be tuned. Thus, the dynamic response and simplicity is improved compared to other solutions. Performance of the proposed detector is verified through simulation and experiment. It shows very good performance under extreme grid voltage conditions, allowing fast detection of the grid voltage positive sequence (within one grid voltage cycle).


Two lactases were prepared by permeabilied cell treatment and extraction combined with purification methods separately. The enzymatic properties of the two lactases were analyzed and compared. The results showed that their optimum pHs and temperatures are similar respectively. The pH stability and thermal stability of the lactase in permeabilized cells are greater than those of the purified enzyme respectively. Both the activities of the two lactases are enhanced by metal ions,such as K+,Mn2+,Mg2+and Ca2+,whereas they are strongly inhibited by Cu2+,and the purified enzyme activity is more greatly affected by metal ions than lactase in permeabilized cells. Maltose,glucose and other sugars have inhibitory effects on both of the two enzymes. The Km values and Vmax values of the two of lactases determined under the same reaction conditions are different.


The goal of this study is to establish a guide about how to design and build an enterprise that produces end commercializes meat-based products using a methodology based on the "fondo emprender" business plan format. This Business plan is the tool that will allow the planning of the activities that will be developed to take advantage the weaknesses and strengths that the new meatbased product enterprise would have.
After analyzing various ideas of business opportunities and having account the needs of actual customers, becomes the conclusion that a meat-based product transforming enterprise is needed. That's why this business plan shall be done, to play on the regional meat-based
product market, and generate an improvement.
To implement the plan, we start from a design and full analysis of the development of our future enterprise, beginning with a market study, that concludes in numerical factors, so we can know which are the technical and organizational requirements, and finally make a financial study where we can determine if the project is viable or
not.


Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and mortality associated with noncardiac surgery (NCS) in patients (pts) with Eisenmenger syndrome. Background. Noncardiac surgery in pts with Eisenmenger syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular complications. Methods. Fifty-eight pts with Eisenmenger syndrome (17M, 41F aged 18 to 69 years (mean 41 years) who had been followed for up to 41.5 years (mean 9.3 years) were retrospectively evaluated for any NCS done at >217 years of age. Results. Twenty-four pts had a total of 28 NCSs at an age of 17 to 55 years (mean 29 years) including 9 tubal ligations, 3 neurosurgeries, 3 cholecystectomies, 3 hysterectomies, 3 vasectomies, and 1 each spinal fusion, appendectomy, eye enucleation, hernia repair, hand surgery, tonsillectomy and therapeutic abortion. There were two deaths (7%), one following spinal fusion and the other following appendectomy at another institution. Fourteen of these NCSs were performed at our institution, including 11 under general anesthesia. The duration of anesthesia varied from 75 to 525 min (mean 165 min). All pts remained in sinus rhythm. The lowest systolic blood pressure (BP) ranged from 78 to 125 mm Hg. Of those 11 pts, 9 were extubated immediately after surgery and 2 needed dopamine. Ten patients were discharged without any complications, including 3 within 1 day of surgery. One death occurred 10 days following spinal fusion. This pt had the longest anesthesia (525 min) and an intraoperative systolic BP as low as 78 mm Hg. She also needed the largest fluid administration (6,475 cc) in addition to postoperative mechanical ventilation and dopamine. Conclusions. Adult pts with Eisenmenger syndrome are at increased risk with NCS, but with current/modern techniques, the risk of death is less than previously thought. In the vast majority of cases, NCS can be undertaken without substantial morbidity, and early extubation is achievable. However, even with relatively minor surgery, significant complications, including death, can occur. Referral to major centers with expertise in the care of pts with Eisenmenger syndrome is advisable. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:222–7) ©1998 by the American College of Cardiology


ABSTRACT In this study, three different types of stainless steels, AISI 304, AISI 420, and AISI 430 were pack borided under 850 °C–925 °C–1000 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. Morphologies of coating were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The maximum layer hardness was determined to be 1736 HV0.05, 1659 HV0.05, and 1572 HV0.05 for AISI 304, AISI 420, and AISI 430, respectively. Phases formed on the layer were determined by X-ray analysis (XRD) to confirm the presence of FeB, Fe2B, CrB, and MnB phases. Boride layer morphology was found to be a planar and compact structure. The activation energies of the coating were investigated. The corrosion resistance values of stainless steels were determined from the static immersion tests performed in 10% HCl solution. There was a remarkable increase in the corrosion resistance of borided steel compared to that of untreated samples.


We have proposed a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit for thermoelectric generator (TEG) using a Boost converter. The key point of the proposed MPPT circuit is that the duty ratio of the boost converter automatically moves to Maximum Power Point by comparing of consecutive sampling voltage using two comparators. From the simulation results, we showed that the proposed circuit can find the maximum power point within 2 CLK periods and to generate optimal PWM signal within 3 CLK periods. The proposed MPPT circuit was designed by using a CMOS 0.18 um process, and it is now on the fabrication.


In this work, we analyze the effect of residual frame timing offset and carrier frequency offset along with the presence of fractional Doppler on the bit error rate performance of OFTS system. We show in this work that channel equalization with appropriate channel estimates can compensate for the combined effect of the time-varying multipath channel (TVMC) as well as residual synchronization errors. Wealso present a unique time-domain channel estimation method for OTFS, which can be used along with the above-mentioned channel equalization. It is seen from the extensive Monte Carlo simulation results of the LDPC coded OTFS system that the estimation and compensation methods presented here provide necessary resilience properties to OTFS against the effects of TVMC channel and residualsynchronization errors. A unified signal processing flow for OTFS and OFDM is also described in this work to motivate studies on coexistence between the two as well as to encourage investigations on a seamless transition from OFDM based system to OTFS based systems for future air interface design.This Work is submiited to an IEEE Journal for possible future publication.


High-accuracy computer approximation of fractional derivatives and integrals by applying Grünwald–Letnikov formula generally requires a large number of input values. If required amount cannot be supplied, accuracy of approximation drops drastically. In this paper, we solve a difficult problem in this scope, i.e., when input data consists only of a small number of discrete values. Furthermore, some of the values may be unusable for computational purposes. Our problem solution includes an appropriate method of input data preprocessing, an interpolation algorithm with extrapolation abilities, a central point function discretization schema, recurrent computational method of coefficients and application of Horner's schema for the core of the Grünwald–Letnikov method: coefficients and function's values multiplication. Numerical method presented in the paper enables to compute fractional derivatives and integrals of complicated functions with much higher accuracy than it is possible when application of the default approach to Grünwald–Letnikov method computer implementation is applied. This new method usually takes only 10% of function's values required by the default approach for the same computations and is much less restrictive for their quality. The general novelty of the method is an efficient configuration of existing numerical methods and enhancement of their abilities by applying modern programming language — Python and arbitrary precision arithmetic for computations.


The first evaluation of ozone concentration at four selected sampling sites is given: urban site 1, resort site 2, industrial ('fence line') site 3 and suburban site 4. The lowest ozone level was found at site 1, while the highest was obtained at the suburban site 4, as expected. All sites exhibit decline in ozone concentrations, the most pronounced at suburban site 4, while the concentration is almost constant at resort site 2. The concentration roses for site 3 and 4 agree with the prevailing wind directions, pointing to the coastal line, where the major pollution sources are detected. In spite of the dominant wind direction from the N–NW sector, the dominant sector in concentration rose is SW at site 1, while there is no distinct direction in the concentration rose at resort site 2. Due to different meteorological conditions, the AOT40 values differ considerably, e.g. several thousands in 2007 or up to 45 000 μg m−3 h in 2005.


The derivation of absolute (moduli-independent) U-invariants for all N > 2 extended supergravities at D = 4 in terms of (moduli-dependent) central and matter charges is reported.

These invariants give a general definition of the "topological" Bekenstein–Hawking entropy formula for extremal black-holes and reduce to the square of the black-hole ADM mass for "fixed scalars" which extremize the black-hole "potential" energy.


Shortly after the war in 1967 and the occupation of the west bank and Gaza by the Israeli army, Israel declared the territories as a closed military zone . Military rule was established by the Military Commander of the Territories, through geographically dispersed military governors (known as 'moshlim') ruling a distinct area, having close contact with local leadership and a central administrative body that would evolve in 1981 into the Civil Administration of the Territories. It had separated between the bureaucratic civil administrative apparatus in the territories from organized military action, and the management of the everyday lives of the Palestinians, from military actions, creating ostensibly two bureaucratic spheres of control. Our main objective is to describe the morphology of a colonial model of bureaucracy and to suggest that it should serve as the proper framework against which colonial situations should be measured and compared, including the Israeli occupation in the Palestinian territories. The paper is structured as follows. First, we discuss the political-theological perspective, which calls attention to the rule through 'exception' rather than the rule of law as a growing phenomenon in the postcolonial world as well as in western democracies. Second, we present the essentials of Lord Cromer's ideal type of bureaucracy, which challenged the liberal universal law and extended racially based through political 'exception' as the main arbiter of the ruling reality. Thus we offer an alternative ideal type of bureaucracy which introduces racial hierarchies into the administrative structure rendering Weber's prerequisites "without scorn and bias" all but obsolete. Third, we provide several illustrative examples from Egypt, India, and Occupied Palestine to show how the model was implemented in practice. We end with a theoretical reflection that turns the gaze from the colonies to the metropole. In so doing we challenge the modernist interpretation of Weber's ideal type, and show that the Weberian model itself may be subject to political-theological interpretation, a neglected aspect in the literature on bureaucracy and domination.


In a social structure marked by domination and subordination, the issue of power and resistance gains importance: the dominants exercise power to control the subordinates, and the latter offer resistance to the forces of domination and control. The issue of resistance offered by women, the subordinate gender, against the patriarchal domination of men, did not get due importance till recently. There are two aspects-the collective aspects of protest and revolt as compared to the individual character of 'resistance'. This paper looks at the issues and makes out a case for sifting through ethnographic data to study the resistance strategies offered by women in the context of their everyday lives.


The general conditions,mechanism and control methods of fruit cracking were reviewed in this paper.The general conditions include fruit cracking rate,the ways and position of cracking and the period of cracking in fruit development.The mechanism of cracking refers to the aspects of anatomical structure,mineral nutritions,physiological and biochemical characters and environment conditions.Control methods are related to cultivar choosing,proper orchard management,application of chemical and plant regulators.


A series of three studies, using archival, mail survey, and telephone interview data from national, state, and city samples of churches, explored the relation of church size, capacity, staffing and member participation. Member attendance at Sunday worship service and at church school and taking a responsible job in the church school were the measures of participation. Major findings, confirmed in at least two of the studies were: (a) the relation between member participation and church membership was linear, and not negatively accelerated as predicted on the basis of the theory of undermanning, (b) level of pastoral staffing was not a consistently strong mediator of the size participation relation, and (c) capacity of the behavior setting (in terms of number of participants who could be accommodated) was at least as effective as church membership for predicting attendance. It was suggested that the traditional index of degree of manning of an organization (members/behavior settings) be replaced with a more precise measure which takes into account the capacity, the number of applicants for positions, and the minimum number of persons required in organization settings.


Lacey A. Hall, Master of Arts Department of Communication Studies, April 2010 University of Kansas This study examined the impact of president and first lady interaction on presidential image, including competency, favorability and homophily. A pre-test and post-test design was used to examine the changes in participants' perception of the President Barack Obama's image and competency, participants' favorability ratings of Obama, and participants' homophily ratings after viewing photos of the Barack and Michelle Obama in either professional settings or personal settings. Statistical analysis indicated that no significant differences between the groups existed, suggesting that voter perception of the president may remain constant regardless of how the president interacts with his wife. Content and thematic analyses of open-ended questions suggest that voters are more likely to view the president's relationship with the first lady in personal terms rather than professional terms, regardless of the type of image (personal or profession) viewed. Additionally, young voters were more likely to expect the first lady to engage in familial duties rather than workor image-related duties, confirming previous research on first lady scholarship.


This paper was conducted to verify the quality of prepared cefquinome sulfate suspension and its antiba-cterial activities against some common pathogenic bacteria in animals.The home-made cefquinome sulfate suspension was prepared by dispersion method,and its quality was tested.Then the suspension was inspected for its antibacterial activities against some bacteria isolated from the milk of clinic mastitis.Results showed that the preparation was consistent with the national quality criteria,and the antibacterial experiment effect in vitro was satisfactory.


In August of 1991, the Environmental Transport Group (ETG) began the development of an advanced Emergency Response (ER) system based upon the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). This model simulates the three-dimensional, time-dependent, flow field and thermodynamic structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). A companion Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) simulates contaminant transport based on the flow and turbulence fields generated by RAMS. This paper describes the performance of the advanced ER system in predicting transport and diffusion near the SRS when compared to meteorological and sampling data taken during the July 12, 1992 tritium release. Since PUFF/PLUME and 2DPUF are two Weather INformation and Display (WIND) System atmospheric models that were used to predict the transport and diffusion of the plume at the time of the release, the results from the advanced ER system are also compared to those produced by PUFF/PLUME and 2DPUF.


Background T1-weighted spoiled 3D Gradient Recalled Echo pulse sequences, exemplified by Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration-flexible MRI (LAVA-Flex), are currently the preferred MR sequence for detecting erosions of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ). However, zero echo time MRI (ZTE) is recently reported to provide excellent visualization of the cortical bone. Purpose To directly compare the diagnostic accuracy of ZTE and LAVA-Flex in the detection of structural lesions of the SIJ, including erosions, sclerosis and joint space changes. Materials and methods Two readers independently reviewed the ldCT, ZTE and LAVA-Flex images of 53 patients diagnosed as axSpA and scored the erosions, sclerosis and joint space changes. Sensitivity, specificity and Cohen's kappa (κ) of ZTE and LAVA-Flex were calculated, while McNemar's test was employed to compare the two sequences for the positivity of detecting the structural lesions. Results Analysis of diagnostic accuracy showed a higher sensitivity of ZTE in comparison with LAVA-Flex in the depiction of erosions (92.5% vs 81.5%, p<0.001), especially first-degree erosions (p<0.001) and second-degree erosions (p<0.001), as well as sclerosis (90.6% vs 71.2%, p<0.001), but not joint space changes (95.2% vs 93.8%, p=0.332). Agreement with ldCT was also higher in ZTE in the detection of erosions than LAVA-Flex as indicated by the κ values (0.73 vs 0.47), as well as in the detection of sclerosis (0.92 vs 0.22). Conclusion With ldCT as the reference standard, ZTE could improve diagnostic accuracy of erosions and sclerosis of the SIJ in patients suspected of axSpA, in comparison with LAVA-Flex.


Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is an exotic Culicidae species in Brazil. Since its first report in this country, the mosquito has been increasing its geographic distribution. This mosquito is a natural dengue and Japanese Encephalitis virus vector in Asia. The females preference for oviposition sites related with homospecific immature presence was assessed. The experiment was performed with Aedes albopictus from laboratory colony since March ]999, in the Laboratorio de Entomologia Medica e Veterinaria, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana. The preferred container was the one that kept pupae for 24 hours, with 643 eggs, 30,6% at total. The eggs recipients received 11,45% from total set by the females, and the following numbers to the others: larva 1 (15,79%), larva 2 (14,69%), pupa 1 (20,74%), pupa 2 (30,58%), control (6,75%). Although the ANOVA did not detect significant difference among the treatments, the data possibly indicate that Aedes albopictus prefer laying eggs in containers previously colonized by immature.


ABSTRACT Objective This article aims to explore the literature on ab initio flight training from 1990 to 2020 and to identify main trends and gaps. Background The literature about ab initio pilot training encompasses a variety of topics, traditions and publications. Characterizing what has been produced will identify themes and gaps in the literature to further advance the field. Method A systematic literature review was conducted in which 75 studies, reviews and conceptual works were analyzed to ascertain the status of the literature on ab initio flight training. Results Findings included topical research on subjects such as the use of technological resources to enhance flight training, such as Personal Computer-Based Aviation Training Devices (PCATDs), simulators, eye-tracking devices, and augmented and virtual reality (VR). These assistive technologies strengthen students' learning and create opportunities to reduce the time and cost of flight training. Another common finding among the reviewed references is the call to change the instructional methods and the curriculum. Other areas identified focus on student performance, including how to predict and assess it, and how it is influenced by human factors. Conclusion A lack of guidance by instructors and flight schools was identified regarding the integration of technological resources, especially simulators, into the training curricula and what instructional methods are needed to enhance learning.


Sliding contact and rubbing and wear in the bow net system will affect the life of the carbon skateboard. To predict the changes in the friction coefficient and wear rate in the bow net system, this article uses its homemade sliding electric contact test machine to carry out the flow friction and wear experiment. Inquire about the characteristics of the friction coefficient and wear rate under different operating conditions, and then proposed to improve the pelican algorithm optimization nuclear limit learning machine network prediction model. Using Tent chaotic reverse learning strategy, Sine and cosine algorithm strategy and adaptive t-distribution strategy to improve the Pelicans optimization Algorithm (POA), and verify the superiority of the Pelicans algorithm. Then use the improvement of the Pelican optimization algorithm (IPOA) to optimize the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) parameters to verify that the accuracy of the predictive model is as high as 98.9%and 98.3%.


Father, and love towards each other. '1'his is marvellously simple and scientific, and if obeyed brings about the highest results possible to the soul of a man, viz., the sinless life, the life that assures us of continuity of being, in some expression of entity and in some condition of environment; but it must be in conscious and acl;nowledged unity with our Redeemer. If we abide by this Law of Life we are immortal. The soul that sins


Case Report A 25 week gestation female twin was born by caesarean section following spontaneous preterm labour, with a weight of 789 g. She was managed with continuous positive airway pressure from birth, requiring one dose of surfactant. Steroids were commenced on day 25 because of increasing oxygen requirements. Full enteral breast milk feeds had been achieved. On day 28, there was an acute deterioration with abdominal distension, bilious aspirates and increasing oxygen requirements. An abdominal X-ray showed dilated bowel loops without pneumatosis or pneumoperitoneum. Feeds were discontinued, broad-spectrum antibiotics commenced and mechanical ventilation instituted prior to transfer to a neonatal surgical centre for management of necrotising enterocolitis. Following admission to the surgical centre, there was significant abdominal distension with associated hypotension. Inotropic support was commenced; however, the first blood lactate level was not significantly raised (2.0 mmol/L). A peripheral arterial catheter was inserted into the right radial artery. There was transient loss of perfusion in the hand which resolved with catheter removal. Arterial catheter insertion had also previously been attempted in the left radial artery. Conservative management proceeded for 36 h; however, due to worsening distension, an exploratory laparotomy was conducted. Intra-operative findings were consistent with a segmental volvulus. The volvulus and ischaemic sections were resected with end-to-end anastomoses. Intra-operatively, the infant received opiates, muscle relaxation and a single adrenaline bolus. Total parenteral nutrition was continued. In the first 6 h post-operatively, there was delayed peripheral capillary refill and cold upper extremities with cyanotic finger tips. Some skin breakdown was noted on the second and third fingers of the left hand. Tissue injury secondary to poor perfusion, low cardiac output state and previous peripheral arterial catheterisation, was deemed a likely cause. Platelet and blood transfusions were administered to correct anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Over the next 12 h, the hands and arms developed a purple blanching discolouration (see Fig. 1), and continued to be cold, with associated reduction in volume of the distal pulses. The lower limbs remained unaffected. Topical nitroglycerin ointment (0.2%) was applied to both hands and all digits, as well as humidified high-flow oxygen delivered through a warmed air bag shrouding the affected limbs (see Fig. 2). Within 18 h post-


The spiral arms of M ilky Way can be observed at a rest wavelength of 21cm emission that is produced by the hyperfine transition of the electrons in atomic hydrogen. An observation was carried out from galactic longitude 0° to 225° at the galactic plane. Using the velocity components of the hydrogen clouds locating at different galactic longitudes, as a function of distance from the center of the galaxy, the spiral arms were plotted. The whole observation was carried out in frequency switching mode using the remotely operated SA LSA-Onsala 2.3m Radio Telescope located at Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden.


Abstract Objective:To apply data-store technology in management of graduates distribution. Methods:In dessign man-age soft adopts advanced data-store system foxpro 2.5 and follows the way of manage system model pieces, The data struc-ture is made up of basic data-store and some dictionary stores. Result:This soft realized all kinds of function in need ingraduations distribution,and in fast speed,high effciency.Couclusion:This soft is a bettet soft of applying system,andwonths populariring.Kdy wods Data base technigues;Graduates assingnent;Application


In clause some problems of a terminology of disciplines are determined which are connected to definition of chemical transformations in an environment. The attempt of ordering and definition of a number of the terms (chemical ecology, ecological biochemistry, ecological chemistry, geochemical ecology) is undertaken. The structure, principles of construction and the maintenance of the integrated special course of a chemical-ecological direction is presented.


The title of the research, and consequently the guiding principle behind the design, making is thinking, stemmed from a frustration with the often-held view that the latter is of greater importance than the former. That thinking, as our intellect of the mind, is of a superior motive to the things we do or make with our hands, and this is a condition which belongs to both society and the individual's psychology. However, I believe this is not the case. I have the view that making is fundamental to our being and complements our thinking as its equal. Part of the research was a search through history, to explore whether this distinction had always been made, and if not, why and how it had happened. The history of our intellectual developments is a long and very rich one, and it is the reason why we practice architecture the way we do today. It is essentially a question of representation: what architecture, and the other things of our making, represent, but also how those things are representative of the tools we use to make them. Yet the idea that the thing in question represents a larger, intellectual or philosophical field might not have always been the case. A contemporary art historian, makes an extraordinary case for an origin of architecture in the Archaic Greek temple which had to first exist before man could have the necessary perception of things to theorise about them. Like Heidegger before her, she reasons that it is in the beautifully made art work, through the human perception of depth, which belongs to all of our senses, that human beings can take the outlook upon themselves. In her argument, making is what allowed man to think. But really, the most fundamental conclusion from the research, and essential to the project, was that things, and architecture most definitely is a thing—philosophically speaking—are defined by the matter from which they are made. Yet this is often a mistrusted truth. Our history has made us doubt this truth. That same history has given us the practice to which we adhere today, but for those of us who believe in the importance of things, and their importance as our frame of reference for a sense of being in the world, or as Heidegger would call it, a sense of dwelling, then how those things are made is an ethical and extremely important question. However, to accept only our origin is to deny the rest of the human condition which belongs to the entirety of human history. Therefore, the scientific and political realm to which architecture now rightfully belongs, through our intellectual developments in representation, cannot be dismissed. Design then is about the mediation between the two—between our poetic, communicative origins, and our intellectual, instrumental present condition. In practice it is about the balance between thinking and making—our heads and our hands. Along side the philosophical undertaking of the research a series of making exercises were undertaken. These four cubes were made with only two rules. Firstly, the shape, the cube. And secondly, the knowledge and potential of the material itself. These cubes were specifically about the making of things bound to their inherent material properties. They were made by the material guiding me, and not the other way around. This is the definition of making, thought of by its philosophical and etymological definition. In Greek poiesis means to make, but furthermore, and as Heidegger defined it, it means to bring something into being that did not exist before. It is the mimesis of nature. And so, the poet takes from the things that surround him and he makes them his own. This is how the architect acts ethically too—by making things appropriate to the place and for the people who they provide space. And this was the very objective of the design thesis, Moments for Repose; Making Along the Pennine Way, to explore, through making, how one can act poetically.


Living for the Future is a forward-looking, positive series that considers how we can accommodate the needs of people while looking at how to manage and preserve the world in which we live.


Low-emission hydrogen is emerging as an integral building block for the decarbonisation of the global economy, serving as a complementary emission reduction solution to direct electrification and the use of other low emission technologies such as bioenergy. Presently, hydrogen is a key global commodity used within the production of chemicals including ammonia and for refining activities. These existing uses offer an initial demand market for low-emission hydrogen as a replacement for the high-emitting alternative. Furthermore, new applications for low-emission hydrogen are emerging within hard-to-abate industries where other decarbonisation solutions are less technically or commercially viable or have constrained feedstocks. These applications include as an input for steel production and as a fuel for the transport industry, particularly for heavy-duty long-haul road transport as well as the use of hydrogen-derivatives within the maritime and aviation industries. However, for a low-emission hydrogen industry to develop, the disconnect between consumer and producer expectations, high production and end-use technology costs and regulatory challenges must be overcome. Important mechanisms to achieve this include the implementation of targets and mandates for low-emission hydrogen production and uptake, facilitation of product premiums by industry, targeted public funding and financing and revenue support mechanisms.


This article examines the knowledge-creating role of the Internet in international business activities of Vietnamese firms. The authors find that both the collection and the transformation of information from the Internet by a firm affect its foreign sales intensity. In addition, market and learning orientations facilitate this process.


On the production of hydrazine hydrate by azine method,the waste water generated in the process was recycled,this article focused on the treatment of waste brine applied for the chlor-alkali production,in this way not only the production costs of chlor-alkali,hydrazine hydrate was reduced,but also environmental pollution problem during waste water discharging was solved,cleaner production was thus achieved.


We report details of the chemical synthesis of the dodecapeptide corresponding to the calcium binding loop III of bovine brain calmodulin (sequence 93–104) and its fragments 96–04, 93–98, and 99–104.


Taking Kongyu 131 as experimental material,a field experiment was conducted with the same panicle proportion(35 kg·hm-2)and different basic tillering(N1:30 kg·hm-2;N2:65 kg·hm-2和N3:85 kg·hm-2),and with the control of the fertilization with the basic tillering only(N4:150 kg·hm-2),the effect of nitrogen management on the lodging resistance of rice was studied to provide theoretical basis for fertilization of rice plant in cold area.The results showed that with the increasing of the basic tillering,the plant height increased until the basic tillering exceeded the level of 65 kg·hm-2;there was non-notable difference with the length of the basal stem of different treatments when the basic tillering didn't exceed the level of 85 kg·hm-2,but that would be another condition if the basic tillering exceeded the level of 150 kg·hm-2.In all treatments,the gravity center height,the steam diameter and the stem wall thickness of N2 were the highest.The snapping increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the basic tillering.For that,the snapping of N2 was the lowest,and that of N4 was the highest.The lodging index resistance increased with the increasing of the basic tillering.The comparative condition of the yield of different treatments was that:N1N4N2N3.The yield increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the N fertilization.Therefore,the treatment with appropriate basic tillering had higher yield and lodging resistance through optimizing internode collocation,increasing cruder steam diameter and thicker stem wall thickness.


Provided are homogeneous liquid systems substantially 'H-NMR inactive and/or devoid of protons and are capable of enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture, the system is substantially devoid of at least one NMR active nucleus present in the mixture. Further provided are methods of using the homogeneous liquid systems for enhancing the diffusion separation of a mixture and/or generating a diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture and/or minimizing the peak width in a liquid state diffusion ordered spectrum of a mixture.


Gary Clayton Anderson has boldly instigated a conversation on the nature of Indian-white conflict in the American West—in a nutshell he asks, was it genocide or ethnic cleansing? Anderson answers this emphatically: ethnic cleansing, which he defines as "forced dislocation with the intent to take away lands of a particular ethnic, religious, or cultural group." He argues that we should not label what happened in the West in the late nineteenth century as genocide because relatively low numbers of Indians were killed and there was no official intent to eliminate Indians. His most intriguing argument is that government officials engaged in one crime against humanity—ethnic cleansing through forced deportation and confinement to reservations—to actually prevent the more heinous crime of genocide.

Anderson's formulation of Indian-white conflict in the West as an either/or choice strikes me as an oversimplification of what is actually a both/and phenomenon. Scholars such as Brendan C. Lindsay and Benjamin Madley have shown—pretty incontrovertibly—that it is entirely appropriate to use the term genocide to represent what happened in California in the late nineteenth century.1 Anderson has shown that ethnic cleansing may be a more accurate term for what transpired in other instances.2 In this brief commentary, I intend to critique both genocide and ethnic cleansing as limiting concepts and discuss alternative means of understanding a broader history of Indian-white conflict that puts women and children at the center rather than at the periphery of our historical inquiry.

I have researched, written, and spoken about Indigenous child removal in the American West, Australia, and Canada for nearly twenty years, and I am often asked whether the practice should …


The high penetration level of Distributed Generation (DG) is one of the most attractive features of the smart grid aside from being automatic, modern, reliable and efficient. However, high penetration comes with more challenges to deal with such as the voltage and reactive power (Volt/Var) control and increased power loss. To address the issues in incorporating DGs in the power distribution system, this thesis provides a closer look at the Volt/Var control and power loss concerns caused by the random behavior of DGs. Modifying conventional control techniques by moving to a smart technique is a core requirement to mitigate these issues. Voltage control is hard if it is solely handled by on load tap changer (OLTC) transformer and switched shunt capacitors (SC) due to the high penetration and unpredictable behaviors of DGs. The ability to inject the reactive power of the DGs with the proper coordination of SC and OLTC can contribute to control Volt/Var besides minimizing the power loss. Centralized or distributed control of the Volt/Var control device integrated with heuristic based control scheme can be a promising solution to this problem. The distributed control scheme based on the automated agent technology is the first solution to the Volt/Var control problem presented in this thesis. . This is also known as the multi ‐ agent based system. Each device, i.e. OLTC, DG unit, SC and loads have their own intelligent agents which are capable of optimizing their operations via local measurements and communications with other control agents. Assuming the existence of proper communication medium and protocols, each agent without the knowledge of the whole system, can contribute to control Volt/Var. While doing so, none of the agents are going to violate their own requirements while attaining the global objective of Volt/Var control and reducing total system loss. The proposed control scheme for Volt/Var control is tested and simulated using the 8 bus distribution system in Matlab/Simulink. Fuzzy logic controller for each agent is used based on predefined rules. It was found that the voltage profile is improved after


This study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative effects of vitamin C and zinc on blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation in Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in animals by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg b w). Diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5): Rats in group I were given 1ml of distilled water and served as the control. Rats in group II and group III were administered 100 50 mg/kg b w of vitamin C and zinc respectively. The regimens were given once daily for seven days. Blood samples collected from the animals at the end of the treatment period and assayed for malonaldehyde (MDA) as index of lipid peroxidation. The study showed that there was a significant (p 0.05) was observed in the group that were administered 100 mg/kg b w of vitamin C when compared to the diabetic control group. The present study has shown that vitamin C and zinc had a beneficial effect on Alloxan induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.


Research on the issue of climate change and its influence on ice sheets calls for increasing use of methods based on remote measurements and monitoring. Work on the Devon Island Ice Cap in Canada demonstrated the value of interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Analyses of two image pairs yielded a digital elevation model that could be used for evaluations of ice mass dimensions and characteristics. This method was found to produce metric accuracy with a resolution of 100 m geocoded DEM and with an accuracy of 5.43 m compared to field-derived GPS measurements.


Objectives: To assess the functional and radiological outcome of intracapsular femoral neck fractures with delayed presentation in young adults treated with cannulated cancellous screws. Methods: A prospective study included 21 patients with intracapsular neck of femur fractures who presented after 24 hours of injury but within 3 weeks of injury for which closed reduction and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in Sanjay Gandhi Institute of trauma and orthopedics, Bangalore from May 2018 to December 2019. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. Clinical outcome was assessed using Modified Harris hip score and radiological assessment was done using x rays. Results: In our study we analysed the following parameters especially age, fracture type according to Garden and Pauwel, time of presentation, timing of surgery. In our study we found that patients with Pauwels type 3 (23.81%) and Gardens type 4 (42.86%) had low hip scores compared to others. 85% patients were pain free, 80% had good mobility post surgery. Incidence of non union was 2 out of 21 cases. The Modified Harris Hip Score evaluated at maximum follow-up of our patients averaged 90.13 with the maximum score being 96 and the minimum score being 67.8. Overall, 10 patients (47.62%) achieved excellent result, 6 patients (28.57%) achieved good result, 3 patients (14.29%) achieved fair result and 2 patients (9.48%) achieved poor result. 76.19% of the patients achieved either excellent or good results. According to radiographic evaluation AP view xray of pelvis with hip in 15 degree internal rotation, radiological parameters such as fracture union, non union changes, avascular necrosis of head, arthritic changes in the joint were analysed. Fracture union was seen in 19 patients (90.48%) and non union in 2 patients (9.52%). AVN changes were seen in 3 patients (14.29%). Average time of union was less than 3 months in 8 patients (44.4%), 3 to 4 months in 5 patients (27.7%), 4to 5 months in 4 patients (22.2%) and in one patient (5.55%) union achieved at 6 months.Conclusion: We conclude that canulated cancellous screw fixation is a viable option of treatment for fractures of intracapsular neck of femur in young adults with delayed presentation, showing excellent to good functional outcome and early radiological union with minimal complications.


Average age is increasing worldwide. Also, social welfare about old man is becoming important society issue. Senior Welfare Facilities is one of these countermeasure. To achieve policy right, plan establishment of technological field is important. Therefore, in this study, grasp Senior Welfare Facilities problem by observation and survey. Also, analyzes associated habitat factor, and projects the amelioration plan of architectural planning and design guideline.


A series of 3,4-dihydro-3-amino-2H-1-benzopyran derivatives were prepared in order to determine the necessary structural requirements for good affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and high selectivity versus other receptors. Modifications of the extracyclic amino substituents, the length of the alkyl side chains, and their substituents were explored. The best compounds (9g, 9k, 15b, 15d) possess imido or sulfonamido functional groups with a preferential length of four methylenes for the side chain. After resolution, the dextrorotatory enantiomers showed better affinity and selectivity for 5-HT1A receptors. These compounds have been proven to be full agonists. 9g and its enantiomers showed anxiolytic activity in vivo in various comportemental models. The compound (+)-9g is currently under clinical investigation.


Hybrid breeding strategy leading to define heterotic pools expedited execution of hybrid technology for amelioration of yield, quality, wide adaptability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In case of pigeonpea conventional hybrid breeding programme has yielded good dividends, yet it can be further honed up by understanding the genome wide variations in the hybrid parental lines for defining heterotic pools. Also, combining ability basis of defining heterotic pools offer enormous opportunities for pragmatic exploitation of pigeonpea hybrid technology with high yield advantages realized in farmers' fields.


CURVES ARE PRESENTED FOR THE DIRECT EVALUATION OF THE MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE IN ANY CONNECTING BEAM OF A COUPLED SHEAR WALL SYSTEM. SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES YIELD THE ACTUAL POSITION OF THE MOST HIGHLY STRESSED BEAM. THE CURVES CAN DEAL WITH A SHEAR WALL WITH ONE ASYMMETRICAL BAND OR TWO SYMMETRICAL BANDS OF OPENINGS, SUBJECTED TO EITHER A UNIFORM OR TRIANGULARLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD. STEPPED VARIATIONS IN THE WALL THICKNESS MAY BE INCLUDED IN THE ANALYSIS. /AUTHOR/


Due to its interesting mechanical properties, silicon carbide is an excellent material for many applications. In this paper, we report on the mechanical properties of amorphous hydrogenated or hydrogen-free silicon carbide thin films deposited by using different deposition techniques, namely plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), laser ablation deposition (LAD), and triode sputtering deposition (TSD). a -Si_ x C_1− x : H PECVD, a -SiC LAD, and a -SiC TSD thin films and corresponding free-standing membranes were mechanically investigated by using nanoindentation and bulge techniques, respectively. Hardness ( H ), Young's modulus ( E ), and Poisson's ratio ( v ) of the studied silicon carbide thin films were determined. It is shown that for hydrogenated a -Si_ x C_1− x : H PECVD films, both hardness and Young's modulus are dependent on the film composition. The nearly stoichiometric a -SiC: H films present higher H and E values than the Si-rich a -Si_ x C_ 1−x : H films. For hydrogen-free a -SiC films, the hardness and Young's modulus were as high as about 30 GPa and 240 GPa, respectively. Hydrogen-free a -SiC films present both hardness and Young's modulus values higher by about 50% than those of hydrogenated a -SiC: H PECVD films. By using the FTIR absorption spectroscopy, we estimated the Si-C bond densities ( N _SiC) from the Si-C stretching absorption band (centered around 780 cm^−1), and were thus able to correlate the observed mechanical behavior of a -SiC films to their microstructure. We indeed point out a constant-plus-linear variation of the hardness and Young's modulus upon the Si-C bond density, over the N _SiC investigated range [(4–18) × 10^22 bond · cm^−3], regardless of the film composition or the deposition technique.


This paper presents the recent activities of IAEA on the research reactor safety,and the trends in the future.According to the present situation of national research reactors,some suggestions are proposed for the cooperation with IAEA on research reactor safety.


Abstract The rheological characteristics of wheat flour doughs from the cultivars Obelisk and Katepwa and of biscuit flour doughs, and also of biscuit flour doughs containing glutens isolated from cv. Obelisk and cv. Katepwa flour, were compared and discussed in relation to bread making performance. Four different rheological methods were employed: two fundamental methods, i.e. dynamic (oscillatory) and uniaxial compression tests, and two empirical methods, i.e. tests using a Brabender Extensograph and a Chopin Alveograph. The fundamental methods showed that a dough of cv. Katepwa flour had a higher resistance to deformation and was more elastic than a dough of cv. Obelisk flour. Doughs of biscuit flour exhibited an intermediate behaviour, except that loss tangent values were close to those of a cv. Obelisk flour dough. Addition of cv. Obelisk gluten to biscuit flour hardly affected the rheological behaviour, whereas addition of cv. Katepwa gluten resulted in a higher resolution resistance to deformation and a higher elasticity. Uniaxial compression tests clearly showed the strain hardening and strain rate thinning characteristics of the flour doughs, which were most pronounced for a dough of cv. Katepwa flour. The rheological characteristics of cv. Obelisk and cv. Katepwa flour doughs and of biscuit flour doughs containing the glutens corresponded with those of the isolated hydrated glutens. The information about the rheological behaviour of the flour doughs obtained by the four methods was complementary and in good agreement, despite differences in applied strains, deformation rates and modes of deformation. The empirical tests showed that the extensibility of the biscuit flour dough was less compared to that of the other doughs. This study suggests that in order to obtain a high loaf volume and a fine crumb structure, wheat flour dough has to exhibit biaxial strain hardening and extensibility exceeding a minimum level; it is likely that the resistance to deformation may vary within a certain range.


duction and stimulating procollagen synthesis. Besides our case, there are only five previous cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid, all of them associated with skin-whitening cosmetics. Most notable in our case, we were able to identify the patient's allergen by use of patch testing, although she had been treated with methotrexate and etanercept. Vitamin C derivatives are considered relatively safe and vitamin C whitening agents are now widely used in Japan. That's why you should keep in mind as a potential allergen when using whitening products.


Introduction: This paper explores how competence of medical learners is socially constructed within power structures embedded in medical education. This social dynamic is contrasted with professionalism and its context dependent definition in medical education compared to more common conceptualizations for the medical profession in general. Methods: Anthropological, ethnographic methods were used to collect data, primarily participant observation and ethnographic interviewing. The fieldwork site was a teaching hospital where the same "team" of attending physicians and residents were observed on both inpatient and outpatient settings. The theoretical frameworks included Paolo Friere, Pierre Bourdieu / Jean-Claude Passeron. Results: 1. Competence is a result of acquiring a diagnostic "gaze" and once achieved, results in autonomy and authority within the medical hierarchy. 2. Professionalism in the context of medical education modulates the entire hierarchical structure and protects vulnerable individuals from harm due to potential misuse of power. Discussion: The relationship between power, competence, and professionalism needs to be considered by educators because learners will hide important information unless their need for safety is addressed.


: English has become the most used language worldwide and is an essential course in college education. In college English teaching, integrating Chinese traditional culture is not only important for promoting international cultural exchange but also a means of developing our own excellent traditional culture. However, current teaching methods lack awareness of traditional culture and students are deprived of practical learning opportunities.


According to the analysis of domestic and foreign literature sources, it is noted that reducing energy consumption to create an optimal microclimate of buildings involves reducing heat loss through external enclosing structures. Construction of new buildings and thermal modernization of existing ones is carried out with the use of different properties of thermal insulation materials, passport data of manufacturers on their characteristics need to be clarified in determining the energy efficiency of buildings. Mineral wool was selected for experimental studies of thermal insulation material used to improve the thermal insulation shell. The energy efficiency of mineral wool was studied using an installation with a climate chamber with a homogeneous heat flux over the cross-sectional area of the sample. To register the change in the amount of heat flux, thermocouples were used, which are located at different points of the climate chamber with a sample of mineral wool. Data on the change in temperature during the observation period before the stabilization of the heat flux was determined by the automatic registration unit. The change in time of the temperature regime at different points of the mineral wool sample is obtained. The thermal conductivity, which characterizes the efficiency of the thermal insulation material made of mineral wool, was calculated according to the known Fourier formula for stationary thermal regime from the values of the temperature difference in the characteristic cross sections of the sample. The discrepancy between the values of thermal conductivity of the investigated sample and the passport data of thermal conductivity of mineral wool provided by its manufacturer is revealed.


AbstractThis work investigates the effectiveness of sodium chloride and sucrose binary draw solutions in a forward osmosis pilot plant unit with either deionised or salt water feeds. Specifically, the effects of draw solution concentration on water flux through the membrane, the overall water recovery and the specific energy consumption of the unit are considered. For both feed types, sodium chloride draw solution exhibited a relatively high effectiveness in terms of all the measured performance indicators. Further, improvements in flux and recovery were also achievable with an increase in the sodium chloride (draw solution) concentration. In contrast, a sucrose-based draw solution led to a severe deterioration of the membrane performance that could not be effectively overcome by an increase in the draw solution concentration. This observation was attributed to the relatively large increase in the viscosity of the draw solution with increase in sucrose concentration. Interestingly, in the case of a salt w...


This issue of Service Science is partly dedicated to recognizing the Second International Conference on the Human Side of Service Engineering (HSSE 2014), which will be held in Krakow, Poland, July 19–23, 2014. It is one of 12 of the affiliated conferences comprising the Fifth International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2014). AHFE meetings are held every other year. More than 130 presentations in 25 two-hour sessions comprise HSSE 2014. The focus is on the ways in which a service system's design, operation, and effectiveness could be enhanced by consideration of its human components. Technical and engineering sophistication without broad allowances and enablers for the human coproducers of service cannot result in optimal service outcomes, efficient service completion, or service experiences that stir customer loyalties. The meeting will begin with a comprehensive overview of the human side of service-dominant logic presented by two leaders in the field, Robert Lusch and Bo Edvardsson. The sessions that follow cover topics in education, research, big data, service fascination, context-related services, integrating human and artificial services, and many aspects of service design and innovation. A large percentage of the conference is made up of invited presentations. One of the invited contributions was the paper included in this special section of Service Science by Katri Kallio and Inka Lappalainen of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, "Learning About Service Orientation in KIBS: Understanding the Customer as an Active Actor." The paper provides solid background on concepts that that will be discussed widely during the meeting: cocreation of value in services, the relationship between the human side of service systems and service-dominant logic, service innovation, and experimentation in service design and improvement. It also includes a review of a case study conducted by the authors to more fully understand the interfaces of service-dominant logic and learning theories in the context of a service innovation project. All the full papers, both invited and contributed to the conference in response to the general call, will appear in the AHFE 2014 conference proceedings, which will be published by CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. The Sixth International AHFE conference, which is to become an annual meeting, will be held at the Caesars Palace Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 26–30, 2015 (http://www.ahfe2015.org). The Third International Conference on the Human Side of Service Engineering will be a prominent part of that conference.


A novel approach was developed to study the response of various kaolin slurries to high shear. A method was developed to instantaneously freeze slurries while they undergo high shear and to prepare them for viewing with high resolution electron microscopes. Several kaolin samples were evaluated using this technique, with rheologies ranging from apparent Newtonian to very dilatant. Dramatic results are presented which demonstrate the utility of the new device and reveal particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions not heretofor directly viisualized.


The ability of nicotine to release catecholamines (adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) ) from the adrenal medulla has been known for a long time. In numerous investigations, the liberation of the catecholamines has been proved by measuring the increase of blood pressure after injection of nicotine and frequently by direct estimation of the concentration of the amines in the adrenal venous blood. This release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla by nicotine seems to involve a transmitter substance. Because earlier experiments were relatively uninformative with regard to the mechanism involved, it became necessary to study the direct influence of nicotine upon the cell. To investigate the release of catecholamines, isolated granules from the adrenal medulla and from nerve endings have been used by several workers, but these experiments necessarily neglected other amines with very intense pharmacological actions, such as histamine, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Beyond that, Blaschko and coworkers 1 found that nicotine does not release catecholamines from the isolated granules of the adrenal medulla, and v. Euler & Lishajkoz showed that nicotine has no influence on the catecholamine content of isolated granules from splenic nerves. This paper deals mainly with the action of nicotine on rabbit thrombocytes which contain catecholamines, 5-HT, and histamine.


In this paper the residual stress states induced by conventional shot peening (SP) and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) are compared. The treated part correspond to plates made of a titanium alloy. Different intensities of these two mechanical treatments are first considered: their influence on the surface characteristics (roughness, hardness...) is studied. These experimental data are then used to develop a model for the residual stress profiles with dimensional analysis, Experimental and analytical approaches are then discussed.


Large scale 1580 nm-band WDM network over dispersion-shifted fiber employing add-drop multiplexers is demonstrated for the first time. By shifting the signal wavelength region to 1580 nm, the limitation due to four wave mixing can be avoided, which enables us to construct a 1200 km large scale network with the large node spacing of 120 km.


Pattern recognition methods for classification are leveraged in the field of computational anatomy and neuroimaging showing high reliability and applicability. Body-brain human functions related to the motor-strength features can be discovered by data integration and analysis of 3D brain images, phenotype and behavioural information. This work is focused on the study of feature-based interplay of 3D brain structures with motor-strength information. In particular, this research introduces an ensemble of supervised machine learning approaches for a binary motor-strength classification (strong vs weak) based on 3D brain anatomical features. The proposed approach has been evaluated on 1113 case studies by obtaining well-defined features and reaching the average accuracy of 72% on the test set.


We have investigated the variations of polarization (P) and the temperature (ΔT) at the electrode surfaces during the deposition of C–N layer in CH4/N2 (1:2) dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The reactive deposition process influences the surface temperature, polarization, and the value of the in situ dielectric constant. We have developed a crude model that correlates the surface temperature and surface polarization with thin film properties. We assume that during the thin film deposition process, the atomic mean kinetic energy is equal to the electrostatic energy stored in the electrode surface area. Theoretically estimated temperature is found to agree well with the experimental results. However, the linear model thus developed cannot be used to explain the phenomena in the interfacial polarization stage that requires a nonlinear theory.


Summary A mathematical model to predict oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour exchanges in non-perforated and micro-perforated modified atmosphere packaging films has successfully been proposed. The transmission rate of gases was measured for films with thickness of 0.03 and 0.05 mm, perforation diameters of 0.5 and 2.0 mm, and temperatures of 0, 10 and 20 °C. Under most conditions, the increase in temperature and perforation diameter increased the transmission rate of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour, whereas the increase in film thickness decreased the transmission rate of the various gases. Validation of the proposed modified atmosphere packaging model was found to yield good prediction for gas concentrations and percentage losses in the mass of the produce after comparison with the experimental results of modified atmosphere packaging for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).


Abstract : It is well known, and easy to establish, that there exist markets that do not have competitive equilibria, provided the traders do not have convex preferences--that is, that the set of commodity bundles preferred or indifferent to a given bundle is not always convex. It is proved, nevertheless, that in a market consisting of a continuum of traders, each one individually insignificant, there is always a competitive equilibrium, even when the preferences are not convex. (Author)