ABSTRACT Since the fall semester of 2008, I have used music to teach political theory to undergraduate students. I use song lyrics to make analogies to concepts used by political theorists, and I use the music to create associations that improve students' memory of those concepts. Unlike other teachers who incorporate music into their classes by linking lyrics to concepts, I choose songs that reflect important ideas of specific theorists through multiple allusions to their ideas. The songs I choose serve four objectives: introducing concepts that may be difficult for students to appreciate, illustrating the application of those concepts, reinforcing students' memory through issue-spotting songs, and presenting biographical information about the theorist that they are reading. I illustrate how I achieve these objectives through songs drawn from artists including Billy Joel, Ace of Base, and Supertramp, and musicals including West Side Story and Camelot.


A field-based study was performed to broaden our knowledge of Quality loss of birch plywood logs supplied for export and determine the main causes of the quality loss during harvesting and delivery and the ways to eliminate them. The total volume of studied birch plywood logs amounted to 14 281 cubic meters. Are shown ehe some results of the acceptance of plywood logs at the mills in Finland in terms of the types of rejects broken down by suppliers, mills and shipments. The total reject rate in the studied shipments amounted to 9.3%. The volume of birch plywood logs rejected because of mechanical damages to the log (defects) reached 39.2% of the total reject volume. Crookedness of logs was the second most non-permissible defect, which amounted to 18.9% of the total reject volume. Processing defects such as unprocessed branches amounted to 9.9% of total reject volume. Dimension incompliance, namely, undersize diameter (thinning) and short-length log (bolt) amounted to 7.7% and 3.2% correspondingly. Length incompliance was 5.2%. Thus, the high reject rate during harvesting is caused by technical, technological and management factors.


We theoretically predict a giant quantized Goos-H\"{a}nchen (GH) effect on the surface of graphene in quantum Hall regime. The giant quantized GH effect manifests itself as an angular shift whose quantized step reaches the order of mrad for light beams impinging on a graphene-on-substrate system. The quantized GH effect can be attributed to quantized Hall conductivity, which corresponds to the discrete Landau levels in quantum Hall regime. We find that the quantized step can be greatly enhanced for incident angles near the Brewster angle. Moreover, the Brewster angle is sensitive to the Hall conductivity, and therefore the quantized GH effect can be modulated by the Fermi energy and the external magnetic field. The giant quantized GH effect offers a convenient way to determine the quantized Hall conductivity and the discrete Landau levels by a direct optical measurement.


The objective of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of mastitis diagnostic indicators for different dairy goat breeds. Biweekly milk samples were collected from individual half mammary gland of seven Saanenand seven Alpine dairy goats in the period of 40 to 120 days in milk. With threshold value set at 2.8 and 3.1 for Alpine and Saanen dairy goats, respectively, log (SPC) offered good sensitivity (0.89, 0.93), specificity (0.88, 0.95), positive predictive value (0.75, 0.85) and negative predictive value (0.95, 0.98) as a mastitis diagnostic tool. The correlations of log (SPC) with milk yield, log (SCC), ALP, LDH, Na + , K + and EC were significant in Saanen dairy goats (p<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient (0.653) existing between log (SPC) and log (SCC). The correlations of log (SPC) with milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, log (SCC), Na + , K + , EC were significant in Alpine dairy goats (p<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient (0.416) existing between log (SPC) and log (SCC). There were different best-fit regression equations with different multiple diagnostic indicators for Saanen and Alpine dairy goats. In conclusion, different breeds of dairy goats may have to adapt different mastitis diagnostic parameters for a better diagnosis.


Abstract This paper explores the ways in which scientists have managed the concept of animal 'agency' in twentieth-century field-based studies of animal behaviour. Using a range of popular accounts published between 1868 and 2012, it provides the intellectual and historical context for the sharp increase in field studies of animals – and their popularizations – that took place from the late 1960s on. It argues that the vivid depiction of animal characters and personalities, with individual and community histories intertwined, is firmly grounded in the methodologies adopted for field studies of animal behaviour. It suggests that intellectual interest in animal agency not only itself needs to be historically situated, but also close historiographical attention needs to be paid to the public deployment of the concept for intellectual, political and moral reasons. It concludes that – as far as field studies of animal behaviour are concerned – animals are not just the subjects of research, but can often be treated as active collaborators in the research process.


(57) Abstract: useful for the diagnosis and treatment of disease characterized by involving density abnormalities of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, specifically binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, central benzodiazepine receptors and compounds that do not bind to, a pharmaceutical composition using the same, diagnostic composition, and provides agents. SOLUTION The present invention, as the first embodiment, the following formula (I) ## STR1 ## (Wherein, Y is F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, is selected from the group consisting of NH R


Abstract Comparative fluorescence and photochemical studies of phytochrome in etiolated seedlings of maize and in soluble and membrane‐containing fractions isolated from them were camed out. The membrane fractions prepared in the absence of Mg2+ from etiolated coleoptiles contained 13% of total photoreversible phytochrome, which was readily solubilized by mild detergents. Its molecular size was indistinguishable from soluble phytochrome and equal to nondegraded maize phytochrome. Low‐temperature fluorescence studies with intact tissue found that the position of the emission maximum at 85 K (λmax) and the extent of the phototransformation of the red‐absorbing form (Pr) into the first stable photoproduct, lumi‐R, at 85 K (γ1), varied in different parts of etiolated seedlings: λmax and γ1 reached their maximum values in the tips of coleoptiles and roots, 686 nm and 0.30–0.40, whereas the lowest values, 682 nm and ca 0.05, were observed in the root base. These parameters correlated well with those obtained for the pigment in the soluble and membrane‐containing fractions: 684 and 680 nm, and 0.33 and 0.06, respectively. The extent of the Pr phototransformation into the far red‐absorbing form (Pfr) (γ2) did not differ much: values of 0.80–0.85 and 0.70–0.75 correlated with the high and low values of γ1. These variations of the parameters were interpreted in agreement with our previous observations in terms of two phytochrome A species whose relative concentrations vary depending on the experimental conditions—the longer wavelength bulk light‐labile species with high γ1 (Pr″), and the shorter wavelength minor light‐stable species with low γ1 (Pr″). Close similarity between Pr'and the soluble phytochrome and between Pr″ and the membrane‐bound phytochrome points to the possible origin of the native Pr'and PrPrime; species, thus providing evidence for the existence of membrane‐bound pigment in the cell.


Defect Prevention is a process of preventing the defects to reoccur in software engineering. Defects are defined as errors that occur in different phases of the software process. The principles of defect prevention are: Programmers evaluate their own errors The use of feedback Process improvement is an integral part of the process Takes time to learn process improvement Defect prevention is a necessary procedure for delivering a quality & defect free software product. Defect prevention has a great impact on improving the software process by backing up the testing process, and reducing the cost of fixing errors. Fixing errors is cheaper when they are detected early in the process. Defect prevention should be instilled in all members who are involved in the development process. It is every one's responsibility; it is a discipline that should be adopted by an organization. Defect prevention activities are also a mechanism for communicating lessons learned among software projects and groups.


In this Supplementary Material, we present our additional results and provide further discussions on our method. First, we give more information about our process of constructing the RGB-depth pair datasets, AffectNetD and RaFD-D. Then, we present plots that illustrate the learning behaviour of our method. In Section 1.3, we provide further quantitative results. Finally, we visualise additional qualitative results on AffectNet with a comparison of images generated by our method and StarGAN.


Author(s): LaMar, Eric C.; Hamann, Bernd; Joy, Ken | Editor(s): Wiley, John | Abstract: Animation and visualization of rectilinear data require interpolation schemes for smooth image generation. Piecewise trilinear interpolation, the de facto standard for interpolating rectilinear data, usually leads to significant visual artifacts in the resulting imagery. These artifacts reduce the confidence in the resulting visualization, and may even lead to false interpretations of the data. This paper is concerned with the generation of smooth isosurface image sequences, obtained by casting rays through the image plane and computing their intersections with an isosurface. We describe a novel solution to this problem: We replace trilinear interpolation by tricubic interpolation, smoothing out the artifacts in the images; and we simplify the ray-isosurface intersection calculations by rotating and resampling the original rectilinear data in a second rectilinear grid -- a grid with one family of grid planes parallel to the image plane. Our solution significantly reduces artifacts in individual images and leads to smooth animations.


In a previous paper/> we have shown that the three-nucleon binding energy can be obtained from the Faddeev equation for the n-d scattering by analytic continuation. In this paper, we show that the same equation can be derived from the original Faddeev T -matrix equation> and show the theoretical triton binding energies for several potentials. The potentials used are the Argonne Vi4 (A Vi4),3> the Paris, 4> the modified Paris,0 the Bonn A and B (nonrelativistic versions)> and the Funabashi 6> potentials. Following Ref. 1) for the meaning of notations, we have the i-th Faddeev component of the wave function,


It is a pleasure and an honour for me to speak here at the Club des Affaires de Berlin today. Since the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany more than 50 years ago, Berlin has attracted prominent speakers from all over the world praising this city as a symbol for the achievements of Western-type market economies. With the fall of the Berlin wall and the introduction of the euro, integration in Europe has gained a new quality both from an economic and a political perspective. German unification has raised expectations of a wider unification in Europe in the sense of further integration. As Romano Prodi, the President of the European Commission recently declared before the European Parliament: "The opened Brandenburg Gate stands as a powerful symbol of our continent's future."


White precipitate was synthesized by a waterbath method at an appropriate temperature for an appropriate time using FeCl3·6H2O and H3PO4 as source materials and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) as surfactant.The composite,size and morphology of the reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),thermogravimetric(TG) analysis and infrared(IR) spectrum.The results showed that the reaction products were FePO4·2H2O nanoplates with about 30 nm thickness.The LiFePO4/C synthesized using these FePO4·2H2O nanoplates as the source material had suporior electrochemical properties.


The objectives of this research are to analyze: (1) the validity of constructivist-based module on Economics learning material for Grade XI of Social Science Program in Semester 2, and (2) the effectiveness of  constructivist-based module on Economics learning material for Grade XI of Social Science Program in Semester 2. This research used the research and development (R&D) method to develop and expand the existing product in an attempt to generate a new accountable product. i.e. constructivist-based module on Economics learning material for Grade XI of Social Science Program in Semester 2 so as to improve the students' learning result in Economics. The research used the procedural development model claimed by Borg and Gall. Its population was all of the students as many as 165 in Grade XI of Social Science Program of State Senior Secondary School 1 of Bandar Sribhawono, Lampung Timur, in Academic Year 2014/2015. The samples of research were taken by using the purposive sampling technique. They consisted of 60 students: 30 in control class and 30 in experimental class. The developed constructivist-based module on Economics learning material for Grade XI of Social Science Program in Semester 2 is feasible to be used as it has fulfilled the required criteria in accordance with the guidelines for textbook assessment of the National Education Standard Agency (BSNP) of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia 2014.  The developed constructivist-based module on Economics learning material for Grade XI of Social Science Program in Semester 2 is effective to improve the learning result of the students as indicated by the average score of the learning result of the control class and the experimental class, namely: 78.57 and 83.47 respectively. This indicates that the learning result of the experimental class is more excellent than that of the class control. The significance value of 2-tailed t test is 0.003, which is less than 0.050. Thus, the proposed H1 is rejected, meaning that there is a difference of score average in the learning result between the students of the control class and those of the experimental class, and the improvement of the learning result of the experimental class is better than that of the control class. Keywords: Module, constructivist, problem-based learning, and learning result.


Aggression phenomenon done by adolescence individual or simultaneously such as an brawl and get fight that become a news on news paper or electric media become a background of this research. Adolescences should study and prepare their selves for their future instead do on the tendency of aggression. Aggression tendency is an action to hurt others physically or verbally. It is influence by many factors, such as self control. The purpose of this research to know the relation between self control and aggression tendency in adolence. This research was held at SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. The participants are adolences who study at XI grade in SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta, were 135 students who 16-18 years old. It wed Proportionate Random Sampling technique. This method used in this research is quantitative with the measurement such as a scale, they are the aggression tendency and self control scale, an opened quesioner. The technique analysis of data is used the correlation of Product Moment by Pearson. Based on the analysis result shown the value of correlation coefisience r= 0,979; p= 0,000 (p<0,01) it means there are the significant relathionship between self control and aggression tendency. The variable of aggression tendency is include to medium category. While the variabel of self control is high category. The result of quesioner shows that the frequency and percentage of aggression tendency on student is less.


Since Mitchell and Papadimitriou introduced the weighted problem in 1991,people had begun to realize the strong universality of the weighted model,and many scholars had begun to study this problem.In the two dimension weighted region approximate optimal path problem,a two dimension space is divided into n triangular regions,each of which is associated with a distinct positive weight.This paper concentrates on how to solve rapidly a path between two arbitrary points with the least cost.It expatiates internal and external actualities,and has a contrast between them.It presents a feasible scheme from which we can obtain a path with less cost and sacrifice less running time.Finally,it describes the trend of this problem.


the larvae to different doses of cholesterol in order to determine the optimal and minimal effective doses of this compound. The growth promoting effects of two other sterols are compared with the effect of cholesterol.


(1) Background: Well-being is a broad concept within which, among other components, self-esteem and general mood can be distinguished. Their formation can take place on the basis of contact with physical activity and with the natural environment. (2) Methods: The aim of the study was to compare the self-esteem and general mood of schoolchildren at different levels of contact with physical activity and the natural environment, distinguishing between active outdoor, active indoor and inactive groups. The study involved 306 secondary school students aged 16–19 years. The study used a diagnostic survey method, choosing a questionnaire technique. Two research tools in the form of survey questionnaires were used: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale—SES and General Mood Scale—GMS. (3) Results: The results indicated physical activity as an important determinant of both well-being components studied. In the study group of adolescents, contact with the natural environment proved to be a non-significant determinant of well-being. (4) Conclusions: The hypothesis of a synergistic positive effect of physical activity and contact with nature on self-esteem and general mood, which was not confirmed in this study, should be verified among representatives of older age groups.


We investigate the prediction performance of the kriging predictors. We derive some non-asymptotic error bounds for the prediction error under the uniform metric and $L_p$ metrics when the spectral densities of both the true and the imposed correlation functions decay algebraically. The Matern family is a prominent class of correlation functions of this kind. We show that, when the smoothness of the imposed correlation function exceeds that of the true correlation function, the prediction error becomes more sensitive to the space-filling property of the design points. In particular, we prove that, the above kriging predictor can still reach the optimal rate of convergence, if the experimental design scheme is quasi-uniform. We also derive a lower bound of the kriging prediction error under the uniform metric and $L_p$ metrics. An accurate characterization of this error is obtained, when an oversmoothed correlation function and a space-filling design is used.


A new technical development is based on the use of water steam as a filling gas for airbags. The basic principle is the use of a heated and pressurized water volume in a rigid container. After opening rapidly the container, the transition of water into steam takes place due to the fast depressurization. This effect has been theoretically calculated and verified in practical laboratory tests. The system is called "steambag" because it requires only water and heat and does not need any chemical substances. For the covering abstract see ITRD E127621.


This study proposes a hybrid optimisation method for optimal power flow using a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS). The FACTS plays an important role in the dynamic stability and steady-state control of power systems. This study achieves steady-state control by determining the types and the optimal locations of the FACTS devices and their associated values in the transmission lines. To determine the optimal solutions to the FACTS allocation problem, a hybrid optimisation method that combines a harmony search algorithm and an ant system is proposed. The objective functions of power flow considered are the active power transmission loss, the performance index of the active power flow in the transmission lines and the performance index of the voltage difference between buses. The proposed method was verified on the IEEE 30-bus and Taiwan Power Company 345 kV simplified systems. The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the total transfer capability and provides better steady-state control of power systems than existing methods do.


From the Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstrasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany, the Immatics Biotechnologies, Paul-Ehrlich-Str.1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, the Department of Dermatology, Mainz University Hospital, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany, the **Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Naunynweg, D-55101 Mainz, Germany, the Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, the Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, and the Third Department of Medicine, Mainz University Hospital, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany


An appraisal of butterfly species diversity was made around a Nationally Important Wetland - Wadhwana Irrigation Reservoir (WIR) in the semi-arid zone of Central Gujarat as a model geographical area. A checklist of the butterflies observed around the wetland was prepared and monitored for a span of three years (2008-2011). The species recorded were given abundance rating according to their encounter frequency. A total of 42 species were observed around the reservoir dominated by Nymphalidae (38%) over Pieridae (31%), Lycaenidae (21%) and Papilionidae (10%). Three species were rated as abundant while majority of the species were rated either rare or uncommon. The density of the butterflies varied with the seasons and family significantly. It is apparent that the reservoir can sustain diverse butterfly species which includes species requiring conservation efforts. Considering the landscape, steps to enhance the conservation should be adopted to maintain butterfly diversity and sustain the ecosystem services derived from them.


Airway inflammation in asthma is not measured routinely in clinical practice. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), a marker of airway inflammation, is increasingly used as an outcome measure in asthma intervention studies and yet the reproducibility of FENO measurements is unknown. The reproducibility, daytoday, diurnal variation and perception of standardised FENO measurements were examined in 59 subjects (40 children aged 7–13 yrs and 19 adults aged 18–60 yrs), both healthy (n=30) and with mild (n=29) asthma. FENO was measured on five consecutive days (four measurements on the same day) for adults and twice on the same day for children. The coefficient of reproducibility expressed as the mean pooled standard deviation (n=59, 675 estimations) was 2.11 parts per billion (ppb) and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99 in both children and adults. FENO was significantly higher in asthma subjects (32.3 ppb) than in healthy subjects (16.3 ppb). There was no diurnal or daytoday variation, or a learning effect, as the result of FENO measurements were identical at results of the beginning and at the end of the study. It was concluded that fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements are simple, reproducible, free from diurnal and daytoday variation, and acceptable by both healthy and asthmatic adults and children, as a part of their routine visit to a physician.


Fewer women than men choose careers in academic medicine, and junior doctors' interest in the area is waning, researchers have found. The findings came after a report published last month, which showed that a lack of women in academic medicine has led to some areas of medicine not being properly studied.1

The team behind the new study also found that doctors of Asian ethnicity and doctors who had studied for an intercalated degree were more likely than others to pursue an academic career.2

Researchers from the University of Oxford surveyed three cohorts of medical graduates—from …


Introduction: Although rare for Earth and other planetary bodies, impact cratering is a common geologic process in planetary evolution history. The Moon is pockmarked with literally billions of craters, which range in size from microscopic pits on the surfaces of rock specimens to huge, circular impact basins with hundreds or even thounds of kilometers in diameter. Recognition and evaluation of the impact processes can provide an essential interpretive tool for understanding planets and their geologic evolution [1]. The regular and irregular shape and morphology of crater in different ages retain key information (e.g., impact direction and velocity) of the impact processes during their formation and clues of latter on geologic events. Those events include post-impacting, space weathering, mass wasting and magma filling, etc., which modified the margin of rim and terrains around the crater. Mass wasting is material downslope movement driven by gravity, which tends to erase surface topographic differences and form gentle reliefs[2]. Effects of continuous space weathering resulted in degradation of a crater's rim, make the boundary smooth and invisible, and reduced the ratio between crater's diameter and depth. Some post-impact events occurred nearby or overlapped a crater increased vertical variations among elevation of the crater's boundary and make the margin irregular. In this paper, we developed a mathematic method to extract the true margins of lunar impact craters, then using new statistics measurements of crater's shape and relief to analyze its suffered possible geological processes. Methods: (1) Crater boundary extraction A digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of a terrain's surface for a planet (including Earth), Moon, or asteroids which is gernerated from terrain elevation data. We use the DEM data from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA). The data is downloaded from (http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc/) with spatial resolution of 500m. It is a lunar global image in gray level, i.e., the pixel values stands for its elevation on the lunar globe. This gray level image is converted to a color image using the HSV color transformation algorithm. Then the color image is embossed to make the boundaries of craters more apparent and we identified and digitalized the boundaries of craters whose diameters larger than 80 km in ArcGIS software. (2) Fourier descriptor of crater margin The identified every crater's boundary can be expressed as coordinates pairs P0(x0, y0), P1(x1, y1), ..., Pk1(xk-1, yk-1) starting at an arbitrary point P0 (x0, y0). The location of the center of the crater C is calculated from its centroid, Cx = xi k−1 i=0 k , Cy = yi k−1 i=0 k The shape of a depression's boundary is described by the polar function r θ with the origin located at C. In order to extract depressions' shapes based on just a few points we calculate its Fourier expansion [3]:


The coastal zone is defined as an independent geological environmental system of sea-land transition,and the place of land-ocean interaction.In this paper,we reviewed the research objects,scientific targets and contents of LOICZ under IGBP in details,and summarized the research status and progress of coastal zone at home and abroad under the framework of LOICZ with emphasis on the studies in the estuaries of the Changjiang,Huanghe and Zhujiang Rivers.It is pointed out that the geological survey and research in most of the coastal zones in China are still behind the requirement of rapid economic development.We need to understand more about the processes of sea-land interaction and the geological evolution of a coast so as to support the rationale coastal zone management.In addition,monitoring data in coastal zones are deficient for predicting geological hazards and making early warning.In view of the above,the authors proposed in this paper recommendations to improve coastal research in China for considerations by the public and decision makers..


Six individuals of Dacnis nigripes (Pelzeln, 1856) were observed in Blumenau (26o55'26"S 49o03'22"W), (Santa Catarina) since 1985 in secondary Atlantic Forest. A male was observed in the forest of Itajai-Acu river. A couple was registered eating the seeds of Alchornea iricurana Endl. & Poepp.. (Euphorbiaceae). The seeds were swallowed and the male offered twice the seeds to the female, who accepted them at once. Other three individuals were observed exploring Ficus sp. fruits (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae). They made holes in the fruits and sucked the liquid. In these two oportunities when the female left the tree, it was immediately followed by the male.


Base engine minutes to fix the double airway tubes can include a first tube, the second tube, the first balloon and the second balloon and the third balloon. The first tube is extended in one direction in the form of a tube. The second tube comprises becomes bent in the form of a tube extending adjacent to the first tube, one laterally extending portion which extends than the first tube. The first balloon is extended and passes through the first tube causes expansion or contraction of the first cuff that is connected to the end. The second balloon extends and passes through the second tube thereby expanding or contracting the second cuff which is connected to the end. The third balloon extends and passes between the of the first and second tube thereby expanding or contracting the third cuff is connected to the end.


Background: One of the problems of Occupational Health and Safety that can be a trigger for workplace accidents is fatigue. Work fatigue is a state of decreased efficiency and endurance at work. a killer disease after heart disease later is a feeling of heavy fatigue. This study aims to determine the factors that influence work fatigue in tofu production employees at the Galih Dabeda Silk Tofu Factory Kampung Cibuntu Bandung. Method: The research design used was cross sectional. The research sample in the form of total sampling with a total of 80 employees. Data collection is done through interviews and direct measurements. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately with chi square test and the magnitude of the relationship (OR). Results: Factors related to work fatigue are noise (p = 0,0001) and lighting (p = 0,0001), but heat stress (p = 0.532; OR 1.045 95%; 0.987- 1,112) does not correlate with fatigue. Conclusion: It is recommended that the factory provide sufficient rest periods and working hours in accordance with labor regulations Law No. 13 of 2003 article 77, as well as provide adequate personal protective equipment and lighting. Production employees know that they should get enough rest and consume enough water and wear complete personal protective equipment.


2, and 3 respectively after three feedings. Antibodies may be detected as early as three to four weeks after administration of the vaccine, but how long they last is of course a question to be answered later. Subjects who have poliomyelitis antibodies before vaccination do not respond so well, and, moreover, the response may also be inhibited by interference of the vaccine strains by enteric viruses present in the intestinal tract. This latter effect can be overcome to a certain extent by increasing the number of feedings or by selecting a time for vaccination when interfering viruses are not so prevalent. It should be mentioned that in the case of the Salk vaccine the interference effect of viruses plays no part, and the serological response is considerably enhanced by naturally occurring antibodies. However, the exponents of live poliovirus vaccine point out that this type of vaccine gives a more complete protection, since it produces not only a serological immunity but also a local cell resistance of the intestinal and pharyngeal tissues leading to a reduction in the circulation of virulent epidemic strains of poliovirus in the population.


Unit information for Special Unit in Chemical and Process Engineering (CHPR4599), a unit offered by the University of Western Australia.


CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old gravida 3, para 2 premenopausal white female presented with subacute right mastalgia, erythema, and edema, plus palpable right axillary lymphadenopathy. Initial treatment with antibiotics provided no resolution. Further work-up, including bilateral diagnostic mammography and ultrasound, delineated diffuse skin thickening of the right breast and a 4-cm right axillary lymph node (new since screening mammogram 2 months prior). Ultrasoundguided core biopsy evinced infiltrating ductal carcinoma nuclear-grade 2 (ER +, PR -, HER-2/Neu -) within the lymphovascular spaces. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning confirmed neither evidence of contralateral disease nor distant metastases, but showed hypermetabolic, enlarged supraclavicular lymphadenopathy (cT4dN3cM0, Stage IIIC). The patient completed 4 cycles of neoadjuvant adriamycin/cytoxan, followed by Taxotere and right modified-radical mastectomy, with complete pathologic response in the breast and 10 axillary lymph nodes. She completed adjuvant chest wall and supraclavicular radiotherapy to a dose of 50.4 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by a 10 Gy scar boost and a 5.4 Gy boost to the involved supraclavicular lymph node. The supraclavicular field was modified to incorporate the involved posterior-lateral supraclavicular lymph node (Figure 1). At last follow-up, there was no-evidence-of-disease at 8-months post-radiotherapy on adjuvant Tamoxifen without late complications.


Abstract : The ability of microorganisms to degrade TNT under a variety of conditions has been examined. A technique involving the degradation of TNT in soil which had been enhanced with additional nutrients was found to yield undesirable end products and to proceed at too slow a rate to be practical as a means of disposing of large quantities of TNT. A procedure using a composting technique was found to be acceptable in that resonably large quantities (up to 10% dry weight) of TNT could be degraded in a reasonable time and no detectable undesirable end products resulted. The composting process was examined in bench scale experiments using standard analytical procedures and also carbon-14 tracer methodology.


Role of the Law. The older person. Family and carers. Housing. Community care. Residential care. Health care. Challenging the authorities. Financial affairs. Financial affairs and incapacity. Financial provision. Testamentary provision and death. Appendices. I Addresses. II Further Reading. III Medical Reports. IV Enduring Powers of Attorney. V Wills. VI Care contracts. VII Living Will.


The ordinary barometers of ill health—death rates and reports of communicable diseases—do not indicate that harmful effects of the depression upon the health of the population as a whole have taken place. The comfortable conclusion is drawn by many that the physical well-being of the American people not only has not suffered but, in view of the continued decline in mortality, may have been benefited, by the economic catastrophe.

Such a conclusion, based upon mortality statistics alone, obviously is open to question. Death rates are not sensitive indices of the immediate effects of deleterious conditions. Even if they were, existing mortality and population records are not available in such form as to yield the very essential information as to whether any economic group has experienced a higher mortality than other groups. What we need, in appraising the depression's cost in ill health, are more efficient indices of physical and mental impairment in order to determine whether or not population groups whose economic status was most severely affected are suffering damages to health and what the nature and extent of these damages are. Only in this way can reasonably accurate appraisal be made.

Among the now well recognized indices of ill health are records of sickness. When properly obtained and analyzed, they reveal some of the reactions of human beings to immediate environmental factors in a far more sensitive degree than the gross death rate or even mortality by cause can possibly do. Since no national system for the registration of sickness exists, special records must be collected, a difficulty not without its advantages since it permits information to be obtained for such groups and in such detail as may be desired. One phase of the study of health and the depression by the United States Public Health Service and the Milbank Memorial Fund utilized this method extensively. A sickness and mortality survey was made in 1933 of some 12,000 wage-earning families which had suffered from the depression in varying degrees of severity. Among the more important specific purposes of the survey were the following:

To ascertain whether or not there is any association between income changes during the depression and ill health as measured by morbidity and mortality.

If such an association exists, to discover what kinds of sickness and causes of death are chiefly responsible for the association.

To determine the amount and kinds of medical care received by various economic classes of the people.

Ten localities were included in the survey. The present paper gives some of the preliminary results for the first three cities for which tabulations have been made—Birmingham, Detroit, and Pittsburgh.


Note: Bell tel labs inc,murray hill,nj 07974. univ modena,ist fis,i-41100 modena,italy.ISI Document Delivery No.: HN731 Reference LSE-ARTICLE-1979-004doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.20.1538 Record created on 2006-10-03, modified on 2016-08-08


Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) present genetic alterations in bone metabolism and in adaptive immunity. Mast cells (MCs) play a fundamental role in inflammatory response, tissue repair and defense of the organism and may also be involved in the bone metabolism. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluate the influence of mast cell mediators in the acquisition of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro and in the gene expression of bone markers from calvariae cells of SHR.


Consider the problem of the range description of the tensor x-ray transform in Rn, n ≥ 3. In this paper we use the relation between the x-ray transform and the Radon transform to obtain a geometrical interpretation of the range condition and related John differential operator. As a corollary, it is proved that the range of the m-tensor x-ray transform in Rn can be described by (n+m−2 m+1 ) linear differential equations of order 2(m + 1).


Proteins are the critical molecules in biological system of human. More and more scientists study the proteins by single-molecular sensing. Nanopore, as a novel single-molecular tool, has been applied in many fields such as DNA sequencing, protein molecules detection and human diseases diagnosis. In this paper, we investigated the translocation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) under electric field by solid-state nanopore. Different solution will effect probabilities of BSA translocation and the duration time because of the different ions' binding ability with biomolecules. Different pH of solution will effect BSA unfolding. The solution with higher or lower pH would change the unfolding start voltage.


Objective To investigate the effects of Yinxingdamo combined with piracetam in the treatment of vascular dementia.Methods A total of 90patients with vascular dementia,treated in this hospital between Jun and Dec.2011,were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,45cases in each group,receiving Yinxingdamo combined with piracetam treatment,and Yinxingdamo treatment respectively.Results MMSE and ADL scores of treatment group and the control group after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment,and the effects of treatment in treatment group were superior to control group(P0.05).Conclusion Yinxingdamo combined with piracetam might be effective for the treatment of vascular dementia,with significant effect,and could improve patient′s cognitive status,worthy for clinical use.


What a jolly good idea it is to have lots of clever businesspeople running the health service. They make such an excellent job of their own concerns that we ordinary folk can only benefit from their expertise and imagination. Hopefully, more and more of their brilliant business ideas will find their way into dull places like hospitals, transforming the experience of being ill into a really positive thing. Something to look forward to. Likes hopping.


A 28-years old woman was admitted to the Cardio-thoraco-surgical ward because of massive hemoptysis without any clinical complaints. Mycobacteria were not found in sputum smear. The FOB and radiological findings suggested a bleeding from the 6-th segment of the left lung. In resected segment the necrotic lesions, suggesting tuberculosis were found. After 4 weeks positive results of specimen culture were confirmed. She received antituberculous treatment.


The article analyses the phenomenon of hedonistic value advancement into the modern culture centre, a new conceptual meaning of hedonistic idea is revealed


The utility model relates to an ecological indoor culture tank for small water turtles, which comprises a culture region consisting of a water tank region and a land region, wherein the land region comprises a feeding table, a rest region and an egg laying region, the periphery of the culture region is provided with green belts, the culture region is in a shape of a polygon, in addition, at least one edge of the culture region is provided with the green belts, the width of the green belts is between 20 and 50cm, the rest region, the feeding table, the water tank region and the egg laying region are sequentially ranged and connected, and the ratio of the area of the water tank region to the area of the land region is 3/1. The utility model conforms to the ecological culture perception, is applicable to the growth and the propagation of the small water turtles, and can be widely used for indoor culture of the small water turtles or turtles in other varieties.


Microchannel array plates with a performance comparable to that of a conventional channel electron multiplier have been obtained for the first time. These array plates employ an angled electrostatic field to inhibit the feedback of positive ions within the microchannels. Saturated output pulse height distributions with modal gain values in excess of 107 have been obtained and stable operation demonstrated over a range of ambient pressures from 1×10−7 to 8×10−5 Torr. However, a time‐dependent reduction in the gain has been observed with these experimental plates because of the accumulation of charge on the insulating strips which are inserted in the wall of the microchannel to establish the angled electrostatic field.


Abstract A serious problem in applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to the study of service industries is the selection and application of quality output measures. Oftentimes, decision-making units (DMUs) are found to be efficient due to high operational output measures, even though they have low output quality. Furthermore, some of these DMUs are among the benchmark set for inefficient units. We present a Two-Model approach for including quality measures in DEA studies. This approach allows decision-makers to evaluate two models simultaneously, one measuring operational efficiency and the second measuring quality efficiency. This new method selects only DMUs that are efficient in both operational and quality measures to be members of the benchmark set. This paper demonstrates the Two-Model DEA approach using data from the nursing home industry. It can be applied to any situation in which either the DEA input or output measures can be represented as two distinct categories or objectives.


It is unquestionable that during the last decades the use of ICT has increased in the education field, this driven by the dictated policies through organizations such as UNESCO, that promote the importance of innovating the teaching process, improve learning, to democratize education and for students to acquire the skills that the actual and future workforce will demand from them; Nevertheless the health contingency caused by COVID-19 that forced schools to transition from in person instruction and a hybrid to an online model, it demonstrated several shortages and problems. For example, the lack of technological equipment, the limited connectivity to the internet, the training of faculty for the design and administration of virtual classrooms. With that said, the following article covers the design of pedagogical technology and staff formation, as central elements that allow the interests of an institution that decides to incorporate the use of technology to the education process and the results it obtains; Therefore, so looking for the vivid experience during the last two years, let it be the starting point to take advantage of a better manner the implicit potential that technology has to optimize the educational process.


For Run 2 of the LHC a fourth, innermost Pixel Detector layer on a smaller radius beam pipe has been installed in the ATLAS Detector to add redundancy against radiation damage of the current Pixel Detector and to ensure a high quality tracking and b -tagging performance of the Inner Detector over the coming years until the High Luminosity Upgrade. State of the art components have been produced and assembled onto support structures known as staves over the last two years. In total, 20 staves have been built and qualified in a designated Quality Assurance setup at CERN of which 14 have been integrated onto the beam pipe. Results from the testing are presented.


EPC vibration solidification method, belonging to the field of precision casting, lost foam casting object refinement tissue casting, casting reduce costs and improve performance of castings. The present invention comprises making a foam pattern, the pattern into the foam tank sand filling sand compaction, liquid metal pouring step, wherein: prior to the step of casting liquid metal, the liquid metal during the pouring step and during solidification, the liquid metal or after solidification during casting step of the flask with the foam embodiments of loose sand and pattern of vibration, a vibration frequency of 10 ~ 100Hz, an amplitude of 0.1 ~ 3.0mm, driven by vibration of the vibrating motor speed of 750 ~ 3000rpm; all solidified casting after complete stop vibrating. The present invention is low cost, good handling, casting tissue refining effect obviously, greatly improved performance, no environmental pollution, is suitable both for non-ferrous metal parts LFC aluminum, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, iron is also suitable for , steel and other ferrous metal parts of the EPC.


The utility model discloses a disposable guiding tube core for endotracheal intubation. The disposable guiding tube core for the endotracheal intubation comprises a hollow tube core, wherein a copper core is built in the hollow tube core; the head of the hollow tube core has a solid structure; and the side wall at the front end of the hollow tube core is provided with a vent hole. An opening is formed at the tail end of the hollow tube core. The outer wall of the hollow tube core is provided with a mark scale. The hollow tube core is made of medical polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material. The length of the copper core (4) is smaller than that of the hollow tube core (6). The disposable guiding tube core for the endotracheal intubation can conveniently and quickly guide difficult peroral endotracheal intubation, and can quickly detect the position of a tracheal tube, so that the success rate of difficult endotracheal intubation is improved; the oxygen delivery and ventilation can be performed, so that the safety of intubation is improved; and the disposable guiding tube core for the endotracheal intubation is low in cost, has a simple structure and is a disposable product, and the cross-infection is avoided.


Background/Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, the EMS of the city of Madrid decided to make available its human and material resources to the Government. Despite its vast experience in disaster care and management, this mission was challenging. EMT1 SAMUR-PC was deployed, fully trained and self-sufficient inside and outside the city. Objectives: To review EMT1 activities during coronavirus disease, checking its adaptation to unusual circumstances. Method/Description: Description of settings where our teams (physicians, nurses, emergency care assistants, and logisticians) were deployed. Results/Outcomes: As elderly people were highly affected, EMT1 offered assessment and advise at nursing homes in Madrid and other cities. Personalized visits were planned and performed addressing personnel and material needs and processed to authorities in daily meetings. Logisticians advised about how to control clean and dirty zones, isolating positive cases. Meanwhile, doctors and nurses wearing PPE provided health care and referred severe patients. Quality of care in elderly was measured, improvement areas were notified directly to heads. We were deployed to some hospitals in the country, reinforcing medical and nursing staff at wards, observation areas, and intensive care units. It was also necessary to transfer critical patients between hospitals. Decontamination lines were set up by CBN experts. Rapid response teams were ready to provide care to colleagues. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, Spanish EMT1 was able to adapt its normal way of working at different settings, supporting and re-establishing essential health services. It required flexibility, taking advantage of existing structures, and focusing on vulnerable populations. Its role was important for saving lives, preserving health, and alleviating suffering.


Summary The West Virginia Miners engaged in remarkable inter-ethnic rebellions in the early twentieth century, against the "feudal" conditions in the Mountain State's coalfields. This paper challenges the view that these actions were backed by an equally radical and class-conscious language based on Americanism. It shows how due to various barriers, ranging from ethnic differences to electoral interference, political involvement on the part of the miners was sporadic and unsuccessful, and they were unable to form a common, coherent political identity. Instead they articulated a broad and ultimately ambiguous appeal to "American" rights and values, which focused on the exceptionalism of West Virginia, and took the interpretation of Americanism to be self-evident.


At present, the high-capacity centralized photovoltaic (PV) system is usually connected to the grid by three-phase full-bridge inverter + boost transformer, and its efficiency and power quality can be further improved. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has a highly modular structure, which is helpful to reduce the loss of the device and realize the redundancy of the device, and it has the advantages of high power quality, high efficiency and flexible control. A high voltage Grid-connected PV inverter based on MMC is proposed in order to realize high voltage grid-connected operation of PV without transformer. It contains Boost DC/DC converters and MMC DC/AC converter. For the front stage circuit, the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm is adopted for realizing maximum power point tracking. MMC adopts carrier phase shift modulation, additional average voltage control and voltage balancing control to suppress the imbalance between interphase and sub module voltages. The validity of the structure and control strategy is verified by simulation.


Besides group A rotaviruses, group B and C rotaviruses have been detected as the cause of diarrheal diseases in pigs. Of a set of 329 faecal samples from pigs, 16 samples were selected in which rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy and at the same time group A rotavirus was excluded by ELISA method. Rotaviruses were assayed using specific primers for detection of group B and C rotaviruses, and RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR methods. In one sample, no rotavirus of group B or C was detected; in the remaining 15 samples rotavirus group C was detected, in two samples together with group B rotavirus. Sequencing of the obtained PCR products and comparison with corresponding gene sequences revealed 80% nucleotide sequence identity between group B rota- viruses and available sequences of porcine isolates. A nucleotide sequence identity of 92% was obtained in group C rotaviruses as compared with the Cowden strain.


Abstract : The long-term goal of this study is to characterize and represent the uncertainty in describing environmental features that affect acoustic detection by submarines. We will investigate methods on how the uncertainty in our knowledge of the ocean and bottom affects acoustic propagation, acoustic signal processing and, ultimately, the detection, classification and localization of targets.


This specification defines a Jingle transport method that results in sending media data using raw datagram associations via the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This simple transport method does not provide NAT traversal, and the ICE-UDP transport method should be used if NAT traversal is required.


Is there "good news" for women in Galatians? The letter points to God's new creation, which liberates both women and men from their worlds of achievement and identity. The most important thing to be said about us is that we are "in Christ."


Ambiguous reunification is suggested as a new way to conceptualize the process that families go through after lengthy separations. Using Pauline Boss's work on ambiguous loss, a revision of her framework is applied to families in which a child has been abducted. Practice implications for work with these families, as well as other families experiencing separation, are included.


Objective To observe and investigate the clinical effect and security of warfarin and aspirin in anticoagulant therapy of elderly patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Methods One hundred and ninety-seven elderly patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were chosen and divided by random digits table method into two groups:control group (99 patients) with aspirin oral treatment;experimental group (98 patients) with warfarin oral treatment,the dose was adjusted according to the international normalized ratio (INR).The incidence of thrombosis embolism and adverse reactions of two groups were compared after 1-2 years following up.Results The incidences of thrombosis embolism in control group [ 12.1% ( 12/99 ) ] and experimental group [ 2.0% ( 2/98 ) ] had significant difference ( P < 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding between control group [ 2.0% (2/99)] andexperimental group [ 3.1% (3/98) ] (P > 0.05 ).The incidence of gastrointestinal reaction and allergic reaction of control group was 17.2% ( 17/99 ),while the incidence of experimental group was 4.1% ( 4/98 ),there was statistical difference (P < 0.05 ).Conclusions With strictly control of INR in the range between 2.0 and 3.0,warfarin anticoagulant treatment for elderly patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation obtains definite clinical efficacy and fewer adverse reactions.It is worthy of clinical expansion and application.

Key words:
Warfarin; Aspirin; Aged; Atrial fibrillation; Anticoagulant therapy


Collectivities (states, club, unions, teams, etc.) are often fruitfully spoken of as though they possessed representational capacities. Despite this fact, many philosophers reject the possibility that collectivities might be thought of as genuinely representational. This paper addresses the most promising objection to the possibility of collective representation, the claim that there is no explanatory value to positing collective representations above and beyond the representational states of the individuals that compose a particular collectivity. I claim that this argument either proves too much, also giving us reason to abandon person-level representations, or it proves too little, demonstrating precisely the sort of continuity between individual and collective representations that would warrant the positing of genuine collective representations. I conclude with a brief sketch of two promising cases of collective representation that lend credence to my claim that individual representations and collective representations are analogous in a way that warrants the study of collective mentality from within the cognitive sciences.


This article presents the results of questionnaires sent electronically to the private schools librarians stored in Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The questions concerned librarians, their education, work experience, foreign languages skills, their expectations and plans. In particular, attention was paid to response of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their work. It is worth of noting that authors first attempt to characterize the non-state university librarians, illustrating the results.


"Evocations of Paradise on earth, Arab Moslem gardens, organized according to well-defined precise rules, have reached the entire Western world and fueled its imagination; they have also been a distinctive element of the cities in the Arab world. They are representative of a kind of 'golden age' of the Arab Moslem civilization. In the 19th century, a modernizing movement in the cities, either wished for or imposed by the colonizers, introduced the public garden and induced a clear rupture with the Arab landscaping tradition in the urban organization. The Western hygienist representation of the city, rich in public gardens, became the model of the modern city. Having lost their modernity symbolic during the period of the uncontrolled growth of the cities, public gardens were abandoned. Around the 1970s/1980s, they made a comeback as green areas, new remedy for urban ills. In this mutation of the vocabulary, they also lost their meaning as public space to become places for leisure time ; it went along the emergence of new types of leisure spaces, with a lot of equipments, paid for, following the example of Disneyland's park concept. Those three stages in garden's evolution correspond to three periods and three types of societies and symbolize a long-lasting process of loss of Arabic specificity of the cities."


Representative John Kasich (Ohio/Republican) and Representative James Oberstar (Minnesota/Democrat) square off in a point-counter point discussion on the reauthorization of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). Kasich states that the system of funding the federal aid highways program is outdated, inefficient, and costly. Kasich suggests shifting authority to the states via a Transportation Empowerment Act (TEA). TEA would allow states to make their own transportation decisions, increasing their transportation purchasing power by 20 percent by removing the federal government from the picture. Oberstar counters that the nation's transportation infrastructure is the backbone of our national mobility, economy, and social fabric, and that drawing states lines or "devolution" would pit state against state. The Truth in Budgeting Act aims to take transportation trust funds off-budget so billions in Treasury notes could be released for transportation projects. Also, ISTEA should be reauthorized and expanded, focusing transportation investments on a diverse portfolio of transportation options to meet national transportation goals.


COMMUNITIES OF THE AIR: RADIO CENTURY, RADIO CULTURE edited by Susan Merrill Squier (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003— $64.95/21.95, ISBN 0-8223-3083-0 hard, 0-8223-3095-4 paper, 318 pp., drawings, chapter notes and references, index) is an anthology of original papers reviewing radio's overall impact in its first near-century of existence. The editor is a professor of women's studies and English at Penn State University and draws the papers from work originally presented at radio panels of the Modern Language Association conferences. The dozen contributions appear in three parts that focus on radio technology across the 20th century (AT&T's invention of public access broadcasting in 1923, government and radio and the discourse of catastrophe, and the politics of low-power radio); radio cultures (Caribbean voices on the air, Black Radio and the construction of the "Negro Market," the incorporation and gendering of "alternative" radio, the mandate and complicity of popular science on the radio, and about not hearing poetry on public radio); and radio ideologies (radio's imperial effects as seen in the broadcasts of Elizabeth II, gender representation in Gracie Allen's radio comedy, gendered address in The Lonesome Gal and The Continental, and a final essay by the author assessing wireless possibilities of the future. This collection is yet another useful indicator of the rise of radio studies with meaningful academic research—drawn from a host of existing fields and methods—into the radio medium as both a cultural and material production. Interesting stuff here . . . (Chris Sterling)


With the increase of international communication,the society puts forward a higher and higher demand for the college graduates' comprehensive utilization ability in English as quickly as possible. The paper strives for the education of the ability.


We devised and demonstrated terahertz emission from an optical fiber tip coated with InAs thin film illuminated by guided laser field and achieved λ/20 sub-wavelength imaging in an InAs-based transmissive near-field laser emission THz microscope.


— In situ radiocarbon uptake measurements conducted at Big Soda Lake, Nevada, indicate that (i) bacterial photosynthesis comprises an important fraction (30 percent) of the lake's total primary production and (ii) bacterial chemosynthesis contributes significantly to organic particle production. The results of nutrient enrichment bioassay experiments support Hutchinson's prediction that availability of inorganic nitrogen, rather than phosphorus, limits primary production in the mixolimnion. Nutrient additions of NO3-N with Fe + '' most stimulated l'*C uptake. Big Soda Lake was described hydrologically as early as 1885 (Russell 1885) and has received considerable limnological attention by virtue of its meromixis (Hutchinson 1937, 1957, Kimmel et al., in press). However, little biological data has been accumulated on the lake. Hutchinson, in 1933, found a thermally stratified mixolimnion with an oxygen depleted hypolimnion, overlying an anoxic monimolimnion. He measured concentrations of a number of nutrients and deduced that phosphorus was much less likely to limit primary production in the mixolimnion than inorganic combined nitrogen (Hutchinson 1937). Koenig et al. (1971) reported on the limnological status of the lake and noted a stratum of pinkcolored water located in the deep hypolimnion. Photosynthetic purple sulfur bacteria were identified in this water (Rhodothece sp. and Thiothece sp.). However, primary productivity measurements were not made. In a meromictic lake with high concentrations of sulfide in the chemocline region and an anoxic (but photic) hypolimnion, bacterial photosynthesis may comprise a significant fraction of a lake's primary production (Wetzel 1975, Cohen et al. 1977a, b). We have utilized inorganic 14 C to estimate the magnitude of algal and bacterial photosynthesis at Big Soda Lake and have conducted nutrient enrichment experiments to investigate the possible nitrogen limitation suggested by Hutchinson.


. The pulmonary and systemic flow has been calculated at rest and during exercise in 16 patients with atrial septal defects. In 14 of these patients there was a normal pulmonary arterial pressure at rest. Remarkably many of the patients showed only a slight increase in the systemic flow during exercise. The pulmonary flow increased during exercise in most of the patients. The absolute left-to-right shunt fell in 5 patients, was unchanged in 1 and moderately increased in 10 patients. No correlation was found between the magnitude of the shunt and the variation in the pulmonary blood flow during exercise. The pulmonary flow ratio decreased in all patients except 3 during exercise.


The article analyzes the homomorphic properties of the Paillier Cryptosystem and pointes out that Paillier Cryptosystem has properties of additive homomorphism and the mixed multiplication homomorphism,the reason why Paillier Cryptosystem does not have the multiplication homomorphic is discussed.The article also put forward the relationship between the mixed multiplication homomorphic and the multiplication homomorphic in public key cryptosystem.In the end,the homomorphic properties of Paillier Cryptosystem is simulated and the efficiency analysis is giren.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to reflect on interprofessionality as a dimension of the nature of Continuing Health Education (EPS), as a process that involves professionals learning about others, with others, and among themselves, from their encounters. As a result, it addressed two dimensions: Continuing Education in Primary Health Care: a meeting place; and Continuing Health Education and the circular affections. These reflections pointed out that ways of producing knowledge associated with the power of health teams can be thought of in the daily life of health practices, making encounters between subjects a tool enabling group collaboration and improved resolution of problems in the daily health work. Finally, the centrality of the dynamics of affections and interprofessionality in EPS meetings in the ESF is affirmed as a field of body relationships in a micropolitical process of transformation and education in action.


The new standard 'ISO 17636-2:2013: Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors', defines the practice for radiographic inspection of welded pipes for manufacturing and in-service inspection. It is applied in Europe for inspections of pipe welds in nuclear power plants as well as in chemical plants and allows a faster inspection with digital detector arrays (DDA) than with film. Nevertheless, it does not allow the evaluation of the depth and shape of volumetric and planar indications. In 2001 a planar tomography scanner, TomoCAR, was introduced for mechanized radiographic testing (RT) inspection and non-destructive measurement of cross sections. The project TomoWELD is based on a new concept of the scan geometry, an enhanced GPU based reconstruction, and the application of a new generation of photon counting DDAs based on CdTe crystal CMOS hybrids. The new detector permits the selection of energy thresholds to obtain an optimum energy range and reduction of the influence of scattered radiation. The concept and first measurements are presented. Flaw depth and shape of volumetric and planar irregularities can be determined.


Let W be a finite Coxeter group and let F be an automorphism of W that leaves the set of generators of W invariant. We establish certain properties of elements of minimal length in the F-conjugacy classes of W that allow us to define character tables for the corresponding twisted Iwahori–Hecke algebras. These results are extensions of results obtained by Geck and Pfeiffer in the case where F is trivial.


In this simulation-based study, the raised-source/drain (RSD) double-gate MOSFET design is optimized for scaling to gate lengths below 10 nm, and its performance is compared against that of the dopant-segregated Schottky (DSS) double-gate MOSFET design, for applications requiring low operating power. It is found that the RSD design provides for higher drive current and shorter intrinsic delay than the DSS design, for the same total device length (<; 30 nm). Thus, the use of RSD regions is the preferred approach to lower parasitic resistance for deeply scaled double-gate MOSFETs.


From time to time, amendments to the Constitution and Bylaws of the EMC Society are required in order to maintain their relevance and to align them with the organizational structure of the Board of Directors. The amendments shown below were approved on 27 October 2018 by the IEEE EMC Society Board of Directors and are submitted to the IEEE Vice President, Technical Activities, for approval. In accordance with the procedures for amending the Constitution and Bylaws, they are being published here. These amendments become effective 30 days after publication unless ten percent of EMC Society members object. Comments or objections may be sent to email@example.com.


Mining and industrial activity are contributing to the increase in heavy metal (HM) pollution in soils. Phytoremediation coupled to selected rhizosphere microbiota is an environmentally friendly technology designed to promote HM bioremediation in soils. In this study, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used together with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and Cupriavidus sp. strain 1C2, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as a phytoremediation strategy to remove Zn and Cd from an industrial soil (599 mg Zn kg−1 and 1.2 mg Cd kg−1). The work aimed to understand if it is possible to gradually remediate the tested soil while simultaneously obtaining significant yields of biomass with further energetic values by comparison to the conventional growth of the plant in agricultural (non-contaminated) soil. The H. annuus biomass harvested in the contaminated industrial soil was 17% lower than that grown in the agricultural soil—corresponding to yields of 19, 620, 199 and 52 g m−2 of roots, stems, flowers and seeds. It was possible to remove ca. 0.04 and 0.91% of the Zn and Cd of the industrial soil, respectively, via the HM accumulation on the biomass produced. The survival of applied microbiota was indicated by a high root colonization rate of AMF (about 50% more than in non-inoculated agricultural soil) and identification of strain 1C2 in the rhizosphere at the end of the phytoremediation assay. In this study, a phytoremediation strategy encompassing the application of an energetic crop inoculated with known beneficial microbiota applied to a real contaminated soil was successfully tested, with the production of plant biomass with the potential for upstream energetic valorisation purposes.


We present a general `off-shell' description of the effective N=1 supergravity describing the low-energy limit of M-theory compactified on (Calabi-Yau) x S1/Z2. In our formulation, the M-theory Bianchi identities are imposed by the equations of motion of four-dimensional supermultiplets. Modifications of these identities (resulting for instance from contributions localized at orbifold singularities or non-perturbative sources like five-branes) can then easily be implemented.


Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the exploration of environmentalfriendly
and alternative resources to prepare basic chemicals for relieving the stress of fossil resources
and environmental issues. Lactic acid (LA, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), the biomass-derived platform
molecule, has been used intensively in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Considering the fermentation
method for lactic acid production possesses environmental impact and high-cost issues, chemocatalytic
approaches to manufacturing LA from biomass have attracted much attention due to higher selectivities
and lower costs. This paper emphasizes a review on the state-of-the-art production of LA from triose,
hexose, cellulose and other biomass over heterogeneous acidic and alkaline catalysts.


Abstract Confidence intervals (CIs) play fundamental task in statistical inferences and statsitical decision making. For this sake, many researches have been conducted to propose optimal CIs. One method to construct an optimal CI is use the optimal estimators. In this paper, we consider a new method to construct uniformly better confidence intervals for the scale parameter of the exponential distribution based on record data. In this regard, we use the maximum posterior coverage probability to obtain a new Bayes and Empirical Bayes confidence intervals. The results presented by the use of simulated data and a real data analysis.


Author(s): Shivamoggi, Vasudha Bhimsen | Advisor(s): Moore, Joel E | Abstract: In part 1, we study a realization of a chain of Majorana bound states at the interfaces between alternating ferromagnetic and superconducting regions at a quantum spin Hall insulator edge. In the limit of well separated Majoranas, the system can be mapped to the transverse field Ising model. The disordered critical point can be reached by tuning the relative magnitude or phases of the ferromagnetic and superconducting order parameters. We compute the voltage dependence of the tunneling current from a metallic tip into the Majorana chain as a direct probe of the random critical state. In part 2, we present an analytic prescription for computing the edge dispersion E(k) of a tight-binding Dirac Hamiltonian terminated at an abrupt crystalline edge. Specifically, we consider translationally invariant Dirac Hamiltonians with nearest-layer interaction.We present and prove a geometric formula that relates the existence of surface states as well as their energy dispersion to properties of the bulk Hamiltonian. We further prove the bulk-boundary correspondence between the Chern number and the chiral edge modes for quantum Hall systems within the class of Hamiltonians studied in the paper.Our results can be extended to the case of continuum theories which are quadratic in the momentum, as well as other symmetry classes.


Summary
The potential prebiotic properties of Panax ginseng polysaccharides were studied using ten strains of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods. These probiotics showed different growth characteristics depending on the extract and strain specificity. L. plantarum C88 showed higher cell densities and growth rate when cultured on P. ginseng polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant assay, P. ginseng polysaccharides combined with L. plantarum C88 were found to possess significant DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities, and acidic polysaccharides showed better antioxidant activity than neutral polysaccharides. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidant effect of acidic P. ginseng polysaccharide combined with L. plantarum C88 strain in natural ageing mice in vivo. Acidic P. ginseng polysaccharide and L. plantarum C88 together inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacities (T-AOC) in a dose-dependent manner.


The space‐charge depression of the potential within an unneutralized relativistic electron beam limits the beam current. Calculations of this effect are presented for an annular beam and compared to experiment.


The middle Jurassic high-Sr and low-Y type volcanic rocks have recognized in Yanshan area based on thegeochemical data for the volcanic rocks of Lanqi Formation in Fuxin area of West Liaoning, northeastern China. The volcanic rocks are high-Al (A12O315%)、high-Na(Na2O≥3. 37%, Na2O/ K2O 1)and low Mg (MgO≤1. 33%, ≤0. 35 in Mg#) andesites and dacites (SiO2≥60. 86%), which have high Sr (≥541 μg/g) and low Y and Yb(Y≤19μg/g, Yb≤1. 35 μg/g) contents, as well as high Sr/Y ratios(≥40), and are characterized by strongly fractionated REE((La/Yb)N17, (Ho/Yb)N 1. 2) and absence of Eu negative anomaly(0. 82-0. 96), and relative depletion in the high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta), resembling Archean trondhjemite- tonalite- graniodiorite suites (TTG). We think that the volcanic rocks were derived from the partial melting of ancient basaltic rocks in the lower crust and related to the underplating of basic magma. The high Sr and low Y volcanic rocks have an important geological significance in discussion on magma derivation and geodynamics in Yanshan orogenic belt.


Developing nutrition‐focused environmental interventions for youth requires accurate assessment of their food sources. We developed an innovative, technology‐based method to improve the accuracy of food source usage reporting among youth using a tablet PC and ground‐truthing methodologies. As part of the B'More Healthy Communities for Kids study, we mapped and digitally photographed all food sources within a half‐mile radius of Baltimore City recreation centers identified as "zones" for the project's intervention. Currently, 13 of the 30 total recreation center "zones" are mapped, which includes over 325 unique food sources – grocery stores, corner stores, carry‐outs, fast food chains, and restaurants. A searchable database for the tablet PCs has been developed for use during interviews with youth to: 1) search for food sources in the area using common descriptors (i.e., type of food sold, street name, awning color, etc.); and then 2) present to interviewees digital photos of potential food source options, enabling them to identify the specific food sources from which they purchase food. This novel integration of traditional data collection and technology enables researchers to gather highly accurate information on food source usage and purchasing patterns of youth in Baltimore City. Funding is provided by the NICHD U‐54 Grant #1U54HD070725–02.


The disjunct, extant distribution of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) can be explained either (mainly) by vicariance resulting from the splitting of the super-continent Pangaea, or (mainly) by multiple extinctions. The assignment of Sinosharaperla zhaoi, from the Early Cretaceous of north-eastern China, to a suborder currently inhabiting the southern hemisphere, Antarctoperlaria, supported the proposed 'extinction' scenario. However, our investigation of this species demonstrates that it actually belongs to the Systellognatha, a widespread group of extant stoneflies.


Tissue cultures were isolated from healthy tissues of snapdragon and sunflower. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to infect tissue cultures with urediospores of the appropriate rust fungi. Snapdragon tissue cultures produced an extracellular material which inhibited urediospore germination. The inhibitory material could be leached out in agar or in water. It was heat stable, dialysable, non-ionic, and ether and ethanol insoluble. Rust-infected sunflower cotyledons and red-cedar galls induced by cedar-apple rust were cultured. Although the host tissue proliferated, the rust mycelium did not invade the newly formed tissues. Some sunflower hypocotyl explants proliferated on a chemically defined medium and produced roots, leaves, and flowers. Leaf callus was isolated from shoots that developed in vitro. Attempts to infect sunflower leaf tissue cultures and shoots in vitro with urediospores of Puccinia helianthi were not successful. Development of aerial mycelium of P. antirrhini was induced in infected snapdragon leaf tissue cultured on a defined medium. Aerial mycelium developed as white tufts, 1-3 mm long. This mycelium did not continue growth when transferred to a nutrient medium. It was not capable of infecting host tissue cultures. Inoculation of snapdragon tissue cultures covered by host leaf epidermis with urediospores did not produce infection. Attempts to infect callus tissue by placing in contact urediospores germinated on collodion membranes also failed.


The topic of my thesis is communication between seniors and public administration. The theoretical part defines terms such as old age, public administration, and communication, and explains how seniors use modern technology. It also describes how seniors in the Czech Republic and abroad deal with public administration. The practical part consists of a qualitative research, which aims to draw attention to the specifics of communication with seniors and tries to propose procedures that will improve it.


Anticancer drugs that perturb mitosis, for example, vinca alkaloids, taxol and epothilone, play a major role in the therapy of malignant diseases. One of their major drawbacks is that they are all directed against the same protein, tubulin—the microtubule subunit which forms the mitotic spindle. 2] However, microtubules are also involved in many other cellular processes such as maintenance of organelles and cell shape, cell motility, synaptic vesicles and intracellular transport phenomena. 4, 5] Interference with their formation or depolymerisation often leads to dose-limiting side effects like, for example, neurotoxicity. The discovery of a new class of proteins, the mitotic kinesins, presents a novel approach to cancer treatment. These proteins are exclusively involved in the formation and function of the mitotic spindle and some of them are only expressed in proliferating cells. 8] Their inhibition leads to cell cycle arrest and ultimately to apoptosis without interfering with other microtubule-dependent processes. The mitotic kinesin, Eg5 (also called kinesin-5 or kinesin spindle protein, KSP) plays an important role in the early stages of mitosis. It mediates centrosome separation and formation of the bipolar mitotic spindle. Inhibition of Eg5 leads to cellcycle arrest during mitosis and cells with a monopolar spindle, so-called monoasters. In 1999 the screening of a large library of synthetic compounds identified racemic monastrol, a 4-aryl3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione derivative, as the first smallmolecule inhibitor of Eg5. Monastrol is a moderate allosteric inhibitor (IC50 = 30 mm) of Eg5 [12] which binds some 12 away from the nucleotide binding site of the protein. In doing so, it triggers both local and distal structural changes throughout the motor domain. In the meantime, four other inhibitors of Eg5 have been published: terpendole E (IC50 = 14.6 mm), S-trityl-l-cysteine (IC50 = 1.0 mm), HR22C16 (IC50 = 0.8 mm) and CK0106023 (IC50 = 12 nm) [14–17] . According to recent investigations monastrol does not display any neurotoxicity in fact, short-term treatment with monastrol has been reported to enhance axonal growth—in contrast to anticancer drugs such as the taxanes which are highly deleterious to axonal formation and growth. There is no indication of any kind of toxicity caused by monastrol to cultures of sympathetic neurons over longer exposure times. For the other Eg5 inhibitors mentioned above such studies have not been reported. For these reasons we focused on the development of potent, specific and cell permeable monastrol analogues. Here we describe the discovery of such derivatives and their inhibitory activity against Eg5 as well as their ability to inhibit cell division. The monastrol analogues 1–4 (Scheme 1 A, B) were synthesized as racemic mixtures by using the Biginelli reaction. Either the appropriate aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate, were heated or the appropriate aldehyde, urea or thiourea and the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound were irradiation together with polyphosphate ester (PPE) in a domestic microwave oven (Scheme 1 A, B and Table 1). Alcohol 5 was synthesized from 4 a by selective Luche reduction of the 5-carbonyl function and used as a 3:1 diastereomeric mixture—every diastereomer as enantiomeric mixture (Scheme 1 C). Subsequently we screened 40 compounds for their ability to inhibit Eg5 by using an in vitro steady-state ATPase assay. We found that most of the synthesized compounds were less potent Eg5 inhibitors as compared to 36 % inhibition by monastrol (2 c). Nine of the compounds showed less than 5 % inhibition of Eg5 activity under the assay conditions (Table 2). Three compounds, however, were significantly more potent than monastrol (Figure 1 A, Table 2). The assay showed that enhancement of inhibition cannot be achieved by variation of the aromatic substitution pattern of the 4-aryl moiety in 4-aryl3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones or -thiones, compared to monastrol (2 c). Furthermore, the use of sterically demanding [a] Dipl.-Chem. M. Gartner, N. Sunder-Plassmann, Prof. Dr. A. Giannis University of Leipzig, Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig (Germany) Fax: (+ 49) 41-0341-973-6599 E-mail : email@example.com [b] J. Seiler, M. Utz, Dr. I. Vernos, Dr. T. Surrey European Molecular Biology Laboratory Cell Biology and Biophysics Programme Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg (Germany) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http ://www.chembiochem.org or from the author.


Most load-carrying structural systems such as gas turbine engines are usually under severe operating conditions. This type of structure demands durability, high reliability, light weight, and high performance. In turn, as it has been reported, a number of structural failures have occurred in aircraft engines during development testing and operational service. In order to prevent failures of turbine engines, it becomes necessary to attenuate the turbine blade vibration to an acceptable level. To achieve this goal, the blade has to be provided with higher damping, either externally or internally. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using a stress dependent magnetomechanical surface coating material for enhancing high damping capacity on turbine blades. In the beginning, an analytical procedure is developed for modeling the dynamic behavior of beams and blades coated with a plasma sprayed iron-chromium based coating. The stress or strain dependent damping capability of the coating material is evaluated experimentally and further quanti ed with a probabilistic distribution function. The equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived for uniform coated beams and blades. Later, the resulting equation of motion is solved for beams and blades with a free surface coating layer by a closed form procedure and nite element approximation. The results show that a 4% of blade thickness free surface magnetomechanical coating layer can have a signi cant


Local businesses of all sizes are being encouraged to register for the Worcestershire Local Enterprise Partnership's (WLEP's) Business Plan Workshop.


Applying the insights of Donna Haraway (1989, 1991) and Helen Longino (1989, 1990), this paper reviews Sandra Harding's (1986a) tripartite model of feminist critiques of science—empiricist, standpoint, and postmodern—and argues that it is based on misunderstandings of the relationship between scientific inquiry, objectivity, and values. An alternative view of scientific inquiry makes it possible to see feminist scientists as postmodern and postmodern feminists as having standpoints.


This paper addresses the problem of water quality and water pollution in river-type systems. A bibliographic study on determination of spatial-temporal evolution of pollutants on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) basis, particularly using Finite Element Method (FEM), was done. A case study on the determination of the concentration field of pollutants in 4 sectors of the Prut River is presented. Key-Words: water quality, modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, Finite Element Method (FEM), river, transport and dispersion of pollutants.


The development of embryos and larvae of Babylonia fonnosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions. The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100∼500 eggs. Each egg is 250∼280 mm in diameter. The first two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal, and a polar lobe is produced. Larval kidney, which only consists of a single cell, appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo. The right tentacle develops prior to the left one. At 25∼27 °C, an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition. The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360 ∼500 mm. The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8∼10 d. The newly settled juveniles are 900∼1 200 mm in shell length.


The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of audit quality in the influence of business group affiliation to earnings management. Audit quality was measured by two proxies, there are audit firm Big4 and industry specialisation auditor. Earnings management was measured using the value of discretionary accruals. Beside that, this study used size of a firm as control variables.
A usable sample of this study was manufacture and service firms which listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2016. The number of sample are 107 samples. Research data were obtained from the annual reports of sample firms. The used sampling method is purposive sampling method.
Hypothesis testing is done with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis. The results of the research show that business group affiliation influence negatively to earnings management, and then audit quality weaken that influence.


The decision of the government to contract six purchase advisers in order to scrutinize public departmental spending is discussed. However, questions have been raised as to whether the contracting of the purchase advisers may have breached the State Sector Act.


A dielectric rod antenna array fed by slot antenna radiators without the use of metallic waveguide is presented here. Communication systems, especially those related to 5G, are moving up into mm-wave bands where metal losses can become significant and many traditional fabrication and manufacturing techniques become more difficult. Dielectric rod antennas (DRA) are entirely made of dielectric and may be injection-molded or 3D-printed as solid rods, layered rods, or tubes. While the normal approach to feeding DRAs involves some version of metallic waveguide, we show here that the DRA may be integrated with a planar radiator feed and used effectively in an array configuration. The array demonstrated is a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array designed for operation at 15 GHz. Each DRA is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> long. The array is fabricated on a 100 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 100 mm substrate with 52 mm separation between elements. The array radiation efficiency is 80% for an array gain of 19 dBi.


Let be a -recursion category, and let : × → be a weak Turing morphism in . We say that is idempotent if every morphism → in has an idempotent -index. We prove that every -recursion category contains an idempotent weak Turing morphism , together with an algebraic operation which sends -indices to idempotent -indices. Using this fact, we prove categorical analogs of classical theorems of recursion theory, such as Cantor's Diagonal Theorem, the Kleene fixed-point theorem, and the existence of a creative set. Using idempotent index morphisms subject to an additional algebraic constraint, we show there exists a domain with no complement, the formal analog of a recursively enumerable, non-recursive set. The proof is valid in a -recursion category with coproducts and ranges, but which may not have point-like morphisms (e.g., connected domains), such that there exists a -category with coproducts, ranges and appropriate point-like morphisms, together with a functor : → ; i.e., a functor which preserves coproducts, domains, ranges and zero-morphisms; it is crucial that need not preserve the near-product of C. We give conditions for the existence in a -category of a shift arrow in the sense of Germano and Mazzanti. Using idempotent indexes and connected domains, we produce a pair of recursively inseparable domains. Finally, we show that a -recursion category can express internally its own law of composition. The results hold in prodominical, but not necessarily dominical categories.


The mean annual direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Singapore has been found to be SGD 2034 using the prevalence‐based approach, but the lifetime direct medical cost of T2DM in Singapore remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the lifetime direct medical cost attributable to T2DM and provide estimates of potential savings if T2DM can be prevented or delayed.


Foreign bodies are one of the most common emergencies encountered by the otorhinolaryngologists. However, penetrating foreign bodies of the head and neck region present with a much greater challenge in terms of evaluation, imaging and management. A complete evaluation of the location , type and nature of injury is of utmost importance due to the presence of vital structures in the head and neck region. A complete evaluation must always be done before removal of the foreign body to avoid injuring these structures Following is a case report of 8 patients who presented to our department with a wide variety of penetrating foreign bodies to the head and neck region and were managed accordingly.


This article summarises work carried out by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) during 2005 to improve estimates of software investment, which makes up an increasing proportion of capital formation in National Accounts. The study has provided new estimates of own-account software investment; proposes an integrated approach to using surveys on software purchased by firms, and identifies areas in financial services and government where better data are required.


Air-modulated sound source has been used widely as a sound source analogous to high intensity noise. Investigations show that suitably raising the upper limit frequency of the air-modulated loudspeaker it can be used as a broadcasting sound source to reproduce speech and music. The power output of the sound source developed is 2000 W, the power output at 1000 Hz deviates less than 4 dB from the highest power output in its frequency range. The power output and sensitivity vs frequency curves and directivity patterns are given. The sentence intelligibility when recorded word by word at 5.8 km distance from single source is 56%. And for an array of four loudspeakers, the intelligibility when recorded word by word is 58% at 8.7 km from the sound source, and 32% at 10.2 km from the sound source. The subjective rating for the short passages is nearly intelligible at 8.7 km from the sound source, and less intelligible at 10.2 km from the sound source. The experimental result shows that the obtained values are dependent on the education level and the attention of the listeners. Since experimental condition is similar to practical condition (average weather, listening in the field and untrained listeners) and obtained conclusion are of some practical value.


The present invention is a novel method of measuring the average DNA methylation density loci of interest in a population of DNA fragments.


Psalms have long held a special place in the Judeo-Christian tradition and nowhere more so than among Reformed Christians. Their incorporation into the Reformed liturgy transformed ordinary people's participation in the life of worship and served to define Protestant identity in the francophone world. The common view was that Reformed Protestants sang psalms at worship, in the home, and at work. By the early 1560s, Clément Marot and Theodore Beza had produced a French metrical translation of all of the psalms. Marot was among the greatest French poets of the sixteenth century. Beza was a preeminent Reformed theologian and important poet in his own right. Max Engammare has prepared an exemplary critical edition of the 1562 Psalter, originally published at Geneva in a record breaking print run of thirty thousand copies. Although Marot and others had previously published French language psalters, this was the first complete edition of all 150 psalms along with the Song of Simeon. The present volume is the first modern critical edition of the text. Beyond making the 1562 Psalter widely available, the great virtue of this edition is the critical apparatus. The text is meticulously annotated. In addition, Engammare offers a lengthy introduction that analyzes prior, but incomplete sixteenth-century Reformed psalters as well as the language and poetics of Marot and Beza. He has appended an exhaustive list of sources, references, and textual variants as well as an invaluable glossary of unfamiliar terms. The resulting edition is a model of its kind.


We study exchange rate pass-through and its determinants using scanner data on about 85% of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) sold by 1,041 outlets in the United Arab Emirates between January of 2005 and December of 2010. The data, reported at the barcode level at each outlet, are augmented with Country-of-Origin (COO) information that was collected from the products' labels. Our main finding is that exchange rate pass-through varies more across retailers within regions than across regions, and in particular that pass-through increases with retailer market share. We also show that exchange rate pass-through is negatively correlated with product quality and with the elasticity of substitution of the product category. We interpret our main finding that pass-through increases with retailer size to strongly suggest that retailers exhibit heterogeneity in price-setting behavior.


VR has recently been promoted as a tool for knowledge workers and studies have shown that it has the potential to improve knowledge work. However, studies on its prolonged use have been scarce. A prior study compared working in VR for one week to working in a physical environment, focusing on performance measures and subjective feedback. However, a nuanced understanding and comparison of participants' behavior in VR and the physical environment is still missing. To this end, we analyzed video material made available from this previously conducted experiment, carried out over a working week, and present our findings on comparing the behavior of participants while working in VR and in a physical environment.