The construction process of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is extremely complicated. In this paper, a new method called the visual dynamic simulation technique for construction process is presented, which combines visual resource\|oriented modeling technique, digital simulation technique, network plan and optimum, and three\|dimension real\|time animation demonstration technique. It treats the construction system as a whole and simulates the whole construction process and optimizes the construction scheduling with comprehensive consideration of the interaction of many factors such as the construction duration, the intensity of excavation, the traffic of construction road, the interference of different working faces and so on. The parameters of reasonable construction duration, the optimum equipment set and the intensity of traffic flow and so on are obtained, and three\|dimension structure is displayed with the simulation calculation. The approach described in this paper provides a powerful analyzing tool for choosing reasonable construction organization, obtaining the optimum equipment set plan, compiling the construction schedule, and grasping the construction processes. The research achievement is applied successfully to the construction organization and design of some projects.


HOMOCYSTINURIA was reported in 1962 by Carson and Neill, 1 who detected the condition in two patients while surveying mentally retarded children in Northern Ireland, and by Gerritsen et al, 2 who described the syndrome in an infant with mental retardation and congenital anomalies. Since these two original reports, other cases have been added to the literature. 3-7 The salient clinical features of this condition include dislocation of the lens, mental retardation, and the presence of excessive amounts of the amino acid, homocystine, in the urine. This latter finding is related to deficit of the enzyme, cystathionine synthetase, which is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine. In the previously reported cases, the patients had fair hair and skin, blue eyes, and a malar flush. Many had thromboembolic phenomena. Several deaths have been attributed to this latter finding. 8 This paper presents four Negro siblings in a family of


The Bouguer anomaly map of Hungary on a scale of 1:500,000 is
given as Encloure 2. The main stages in construction and some
geophysical–geological viewpoints are given.


Anisotropic invariants play an important role in continuum mechanics. Knowing the number of independent invariants is crucial in modelling and in a rigorous construction of a constitutive equation for a particular material, where it is determined by doing tests that hold all, except one, of the independent invariants constant so that the dependence in the one invariant can be identified. Hence, the aim of this paper is to prove that the number of independent invariants for a set of $n$ symmetric tensors and $m$ unit vectors is at most 2m+ 6n-3. We also give relations between classical invariants in the corresponding minimal integrity basis.


Matrix Factorization (MF) has been widely applied in machine learning and data mining. Due to the large computational cost of MF, we aim to improve the efficiency of SGD-based MF computation by utilizing the massive parallel processing power of heterogeneous multiprocessors. The main challenge in parallel SGD algorithms on heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems lies in the strategy to assign tasks. We design a novel strategy to divide the matrix into a set of blocks by considering two aspects. First, we observe that the matrix should be divided nonuniformly, and relatively large blocks should be assigned to GPUs to saturate the computing power of GPUs. In addition to exploiting the characteristics of hardware, the workloads assigned to two types of hardware should be balanced. We design a cost model tailored for our problem to accurately estimate the performance of hardware on different data sizes. Extensive experiments show that our proposed algorithm achieves high efficiency with a high quality of training quality.


Background: Torque teno virus (TTV) belongs to the Circoviridae family and was separated from Japanese patients with elevated levels of serum alaninetransferaseforthefirsttime. Followingthis,extensivestudieshavebeencarriedoutaroundtheworld. Objectives: Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoinvestigateanddeterminethefrequencyof TTVgenotypesinpatientswithchronichepatitisBandC inAhvazcityin2012. Patients and Methods: Samples from 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B were studied and compared with30healthysubjectsascontrols. TTvirusDNAwasinvestigatedusingsemi-nestedPCR.Thebasicprimersusedwere5' UTR. Results: Outof the90specimenstested,ninesamples(10%)wereTTV-DNApositive. Of thehepatitisCsamples,foursamples(13.3%)werepositive. Of thehepatitisBsamples,two(6.67%)werepositiveand3(10%)of thecontrolgroupsampleswerepositive. Bothtth4andtth31isolateswereseparated. Conclusions: TTVisaDNAvirus,butitsgeneticdiversityisincreasing. ThePCRmethodsusedwerenotefficientenoughandwerenotabletoidentify the types of TTV in blood. The frequency obtained from our study is inconsistent with some countries but is consistent with a study conducted in India. Ingeneral,arelationshipbetweensexandageandtheprevalenceof TTVwasnotfound,andthisresultisthesameasmostotherstudies.


Thank you for reading rabbinic political theory religion and politics in the mishnah. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this rabbinic political theory religion and politics in the mishnah, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their computer.


S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a cofactor serving as a methyl donor in numerous enzymatic reactions. It has been reported that SAM has the potential to modify antioxidant-enzymes, glutathione-biosynthesis and methionine adenosyltransferases-1/2 in hepatitis C virus -expressing cells at millimolar concentrations. The efficacy of SAM at micromolar concentrations and the underlying mechanisms remain to be demonstrated.


An analytical model that expresses mechanical properties, especially pressure dependent characteristics, of high damping rubber bearing in a simple form was proposed. The model was built through drawing regression equation based on a series of full size performance tests. It is possible to express the pressure dependent characteristics with a sufficient accuracy by including explanatory variables of products of the share strain and the pressure. Moreover, influence of load experience in the tests, and applicability to the bi-directional loading were also discussed.


abstract:In recent years, many have become increasingly concerned that the Housing Choice Voucher program (HCV, also known as 'Section 8') is not meeting its goal of providing affordable housing to low-income families while promoting access to high-opportunity areas. As school quality is inherently related to neighborhood opportunity, this paper analyzes the achievement, growth, and overall performance of schools to which elementary school-aged children in HCV families are assigned in Charlotte, North Carolina. Our analysis indicates that students in families that receive vouchers are assigned schools of worse quality than the schools of the students in the two comparison groups. Our findings highlight the importance of including school quality as a measure of neighborhood opportunity in developing future implementation strategies for the Housing Choice Voucher program.


A 65-year-old male presented with pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination was normal. Haemogram revealed no significant abnormality. Ultrasound Abdomen revealed a tubular anechoic cystic lesion in right Iliac fossa with good through transmission measuring 6.0 x 2.5 cm. Contrast enhanced spiral CT of the abdomen showed well marginated thin walled tubular structure of fluid attenuation (13HU) posterior to the caecum. No calcification was seen in it. No inflammation of the surrounding fat was seen. There was no evidence of ascites. Provisional diagnosis of Mucocoele of appendix was made and was confirmed on surgery and histopathology. Fig. 2 & 3: CT sections showing low attenuating smooth lobulated mass in relation to the caecum suggestive of mucocoele of appendix.


In 1973 a list of drugs which could have an adverse effect on driving ability, was published in the Netherlands. The list was limited to antihistamines, psychopharmaceutics, sedatives and amphetamines, since these groups of drugs have the highest risk. When these drugs were prescribed, it was mandatory to add a label with the warning that these drugs could influence driving ability. The author presents a new list which is more extensive and more detailed. (TRRL)


There is a tug of authority in resolving insurance disputes outside the court between the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) based on Law Nomor 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection with Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions (LAPS) based on Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2014. This encourages the author to conduct legal research in order to determine the authority of BPSK in resolving insurance disputes as well as the legal consequences of the decision after the issuance of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2014 using the statutory approach. This legal research results in the finding that BPSK is still authorized to settle insurance disputes following the issuance of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2014, this is based on the provisions of the Lex superior derogat legi inferiori principle. Then there is no legal effect on the BPSK decision after the issuance of the Financial Services Authority Regulation. This is because BPSK's decision has been based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, whose position is higher than the Regulation of the Financial Services Authority. So there is no need for BPSK to follow the provisions of the regulations whose hierarchy of legislation is lower than the Consumer Protection Act. Therefore BPSK's decision is "final and binding" as explained in Article 54 paragraph 3 of the Consumer Protection Act.


FIELD: physics, computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of playing back stereoscopic and monoscopic images. The device has a reading unit which successively reads a plurality of packets stored in a stream file; a demultiplexing unit for demultiplexing packets with predetermined packet identifiers, a decoder for decoding packets demultiplexed by the demultiplexing unit. In the device, in stereoscopic playback mode, the demultiplexing unit uses packet identifiers indicated by stream records associated with stream numbers from a list of elementary streams in an extended stream selection table. EFFECT: providing stream attribute identity when changing playback modes. 7 cl, 105 dwg


This second edition of what has become a classic text provides a useful source of references for nurses from all specialities. Its length may be daunting but, at the same time, that is one of its strengths because it covers topics in sufficient depth to interest a wide audience. As with the first edition, the editors make no apologies for the title of palliative medicine rather than palliative care even though they are committed to multi-professional approaches.


A parabolic solar collector collects the radiant energy emitted from the sun and focuses on a point. Parabolic trough collectors are the low-cost implementation of concentrated solar power technology that focuses incident sunlight onto a tube filled with a heat transfer fluid. However, the fundamental problem with the cylindrical parabolic collector without tracking was that the solar collector does not move with the sun's orientation. The development of an automatic tracking system for cylindrical parabolic collectors will increase solar collection and the efficiency of devices. The present study of this project work presents an experimental platform based on the design, development, and performance characteristic of water heating by tracking solar cylindrical parabolic concentrating system. The tracking mechanism is to be made by stepper motor arrangement to receive the maximum possible energy of solar radiation as it tracks the sun's path. The performance of the parabolic trough collectors is experimentally investigated with the water circulated as heat transfer fluid. The collector efficiency is calculated.


The efficiency of winter feed use for weaner calf production was compared in a yearling heifer mating system compared to a 2 year old fmt mating system in traditional and dairy x beef cows. These computer modelling analyses illustrated. with yearling heifer mating compared to 2 year old first mating, that the total weight of calf weaned per unit of winter feed required is increased by only 2% (Angus dams) and 6% (Hereford x Friesian dams, HxF). With HxF dams compared to Angus dams, the total weight of calf weaned per unit of winter feed required was increased by 8% (2 year old first mating) and 13% (yearling heifer mating). Yearling heifermating rather than 2 year old first mating within a traditionalbeef cow breed is questioned, when compared at the same winter feed requirement. 'Ihe superiority of dairy x beef breeding cows on the basis of calf production from winter feed is ccmfiied by this analysis. Furthermore, this superiority is maximum when yearling heifer mating is also adopted.


The following interviews emerge from a research project entitled Representing Postcolonial Disaster: Conflict, Consumption, Reconstruction, which is funded by the Arts & Humanities Research Council (UK). Specifically, the interviews formed part of a conference and series of activities on the theme of Reframing Disaster, which took place in Leeds in November–December 2014 and commemorated a series of significant anniversaries in 2014, including the 10th anniversary of the South Asian Tsunami, the 20th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, and the 30th anniversary of the Bhopal gas disaster. The aim of the Reframing Disaster activities was to open up new perspectives on how we understand global disasters in time and space; to analyse how different disasters — social and natural — are portrayed, compared, and memorialized across a range of media; and to explore especially how writers, artists, filmmakers, and photographers have gone about the task of reframing our understanding of disaster. Technocratic definitions of disaster, such as the one used by the UN, tend to place a strong emphasis on social "impacts" by framing disaster, for instance, as a "serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society" (The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2009). By contrast, historical and anthropological commentators tend to conceive of disaster more as a process that combines natural and social factors, in particular socially constructed forms of vulnerability, and which transforms and evolves in complex ways over time at the interface of environment and society (Hewitt, 1998). This latter approach is much more in tune with how we have found postcolonial writers, photographers, and artists respond to disasters, not least through their sensitivity


To reduce expense of time for Joint Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm(JPDA),an simplified Joint Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm based on Fuzzy is introduced for data association.Combine fuzzy theories and Probabilistic Data Association Algorithm(JPDA),set up fuzzy matrix,and according to the size of membership degree to build up the new validation matrix,then calculation association probabilistic by JPDA.Simulation results indicate the validity of the algorithm.In comparison with JPDA,the real-time performance is improved.


Computer Science has problems attracting and retaining students. One response has been the development of new curricula, which often originate at large research universities. This paper looks at the issue of adapting one such curriculum to a small liberal arts college. Our focus is on changing the supporting tool set - language, development environment, editors, etc. We discuss the criteria that lead to these choices, particularly the related to differences in students.


Abstract Aims Among the causes of nonpenetrating spinal cord injuries in this snow bound valley, the fall of young and occupationally productive population from walnut trees, has emerged as a new orchard hazard, locally called walnut-spine, which restricts the social and economic development and at the same time increases the social burden of disabilities. We ought to analyze the causes, number, sex, and outcome of nonpenetrating spinal injuries for the epidemiologic purposes, and to project and prevent the occupational hazard such as walnut-spine. Methods The study is based on the retrospective work and data from January 2003 to December 2012 in the Department of Neurosurgery. All the patients with nonpenetrating spinal trauma from C2 to L5 vertebral body level were included in the study. The patients with C1 injury and penetrating causes of spinal injuries such as missiles, knives, nails, iron rods, etc. were excluded from the study. The statistical law of variance was used wherever applicable. Results While analyzing 667 cases of nonpenetrating spinal trauma, it was revealed that the males (526/667 = 78.86%) outnumbered the females (141 = 21.14%) by a ratio of 526 (3.7): 141 (1.0). The most prevalent age group was 21–40 years (403/667 = 60.41%). The most common mode of injury was fall from a walnut tree, called walnut-spine locally, which led to more than half (337/667 = 50.52%) of the total nonpenetrating-type of spinal injuries. The other causes were fall from building heights (222/667 = 33.28%) such as rooftops, windows, walls, etc. and road-traffic accidents (16.19% = 108/667). The most injured segment of the spine was dorsal spine (282/667 = 42.27%) and cervical spine (35.68% = 238/667). The walnut-tree falls alone have emerged as the cause of most of the cervical, dorsal, and lumbar spinal injuries. About 21.28% (142/667) patients had associated head, thoracic, abdominal, and other skeletal injuries. The outcome of walnut-spine was worst in terms of neurodeficits, disability, and mortality. Conclusion A high incidence of walnut-spines — an occupational orchard hazard — among nonpenetrating spinal injuries in younger population has resulted in enormous financial and physical costs for an individual and the society.


Mobile Learning (M-learning) has great potential to be an effective learning tool in creating meaningful learning experiences. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influence postgraduate students M-learning experiences in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as a platform. This study used the purposive sampling method in choosing 34 Instructional Technology (IT) postgraduate students from one of the public universities in Malaysia. Data were gathered based on a qualitative methodological approach, via reflective practices, learning logbooks and semi-structured interviews based on the students M-learning experiences from the FutureLearn platform online classes. The data were analysed using thematic analysis procedures where it was read carefully to understand emerging themes. The finding of the study identified six themes contributed to the factors influences on M-learning experience. The factors namely new learning experience, beneficial M-learning, personal feelings, empowering M-learning, social interaction and empowering mobile devices. This findings also suggested that the students attained meaningful learning experience gained from real-time learning experiences from M-learning platform which help them to distinguish the students ability on their strengths and weakness in managing real-world problems.


MHC class I or major histocompatibility complex type 1 is a diverse set of cell surface receptors expressed on all nucleated cells in the body, as well as platelets. In humans, MHC also has the name HLA (human leukocyte antigen), and these are three subtypes, HLA-A HLA-B and HLA-C. These molecules play a vital role in the immune system recognizing self from non-self, presentation of foreign antigens to other immune cells. HLA class I alleles are extremely polymorphic among the world population, which presents issues relating to human tissue transplants.


Boosting the heat transfer rate in a base fluid is of interest to researchers; many traditional methods have been utilized to do this. One significant way is using nanofluid to boost thermal performance. This investigation sought to improve the transmission of a thermal above-stretching inclined surface over an upper surface to be influenced by the magnetic field B0 along the microgravity g*(τ)=g0(1+acos(πωt)). The G-jitter impacts were analyzed for three colloidal fluids flow; the mono micropolar nanofluid (alumina/water), micropolar hybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium)/water, and micropolar trihybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium–silicon)/water. Using suitable transformation, the governing formulation was changed into an ordinary differential equation. In a Matlab script, a computational code was composed to evaluate the impacts of the involved parameters on fluid dynamics. The fluid flow motion and thermal performance for the trihybrid case were greater than the mono and hybrid nanofluid cases subject to a microgravity environment. The fluid velocity and microrotation function decreased in opposition to the magnetic parameter's increasing strength, but with an increasing trend in the fluid temperature function. Fluctuations in the velocity gradient and heat flow gradient increased as the modulation amplitude increased.


- This study aims to determine the constitutionality development on mineral and coal governance based on constitutions. Normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches is carried out in this study. The findings are in line with mineral and coal governance on Government Regulation (PP) Number 1, 2017, on the fourth amendment on Government Regulation (PP) Number 23, 2010 concerning the operational activity of mineral and coal mining. Contradicts to Law of Republic Indonesia Number 4, 2004 concerning Mineral and Coal mining, this is related to whether or not a mineral and coal governance in Indonesia has met the constitutions based. Carry-over requirements as a formality in Mineral and Coal Law formation has a potential problem. Mineral and Coal Law did not meet the carry-over procedure following Law of Republic Indonesia Number 12, 2011 concerning legislation making. Besides, the Central Leadership Council (DPP) did not play a role in the Law-making process. Those factors occurred in the Law-making process, which the problematic legal norms to appear in their formation and caused implementation problems. The problematic legal norms are (1) non-operational legal norms in mineral and coal law (2) conflict of norms in Mineral and Coal Law and Regional Government Law.


In this letter, we report on nFinFETs degradation during stress exploiting ID and IG noise analysis. We employed a stress/measure approach to monitor device characteristics at different levels of cumulative stress. IG-VG and ID-VG indicators suggest defects generation to occur away from the channel. This is confirmed by the quantitative analysis of ID and IG stationary RTN signals at operating conditions, which show no correlation as opposite to what reported for planar FETs. Moreover, we analyze for the first time the ID-t and IG-t non-stationary instabilities during stress. The results confirm that the generation of defects responsible for SILC occurs away from the channel. Only in highly stressed devices, ID-t and IG-t curves observed during stress exhibit anti-correlation, due to comparable values of the gate and drain current levels originated by the high defect density. Hence, in nFinFETs, ID and IG RTN/instabilities might originate from mechanisms involving different entities.


The relation of the strong coupling constant as measured in tau decay to other low energy determinations is considered with special attention to its impact on the question of the possible existence of light gluinos.


The aim of the present article is to focus on the operational aspects referring to the actions - strategies and on the defined modalities of establishing educational objectives/competences. In the achievement of our work a special attention has been paid to the operational aspects of the learning process of the optical phenomena. There were carried out representative and functional experiments concerning optical phenomena like: reflection of light, refraction of light, dispersion of light, using accessible and/or recyclable materials to run our experiments. The education of creativity implies both an explicit approach from the cognitive perspective and also all the dimensions of the personality and intellectual, psychomotor, affective and motivational potential of the students, together with the environmental factors.


The use of autonomous systems to provide situational awareness and long-term environment monitoring is increasing. Photovoltaics (PV) has been favored as a long-endurance power source for many of these applications. To date the use of PV has been limited to space and terrestrial (dry land) installations. The need for an extended power source also exists for underwater (UW) systems, which currently rely on surface PV arrays or batteries. In this paper we demonstrate that high band gap InGaP solar cells can provide useful power underwater.


We compare changes in gender roles and women's empowerment in China, the Republic of Korea, and India. Around 1950, when all these countries had new governments following revolution or the end of colonial rule, they were largely poor and agrarian, with many cultural commonalities which placed similar severe constraints on women's autonomy. They adopted very different paths of development, which are known to have profoundly affected development outcomes in these countries. However, these choices have also had tremendous impact on gender outcomes, and today these countries show striking differences in the extent of gender equity achieved: China has achieved the most, and the Republic of Korea the least. We conclude that: • States can exert enormous influence over gender equity. They can mitigate cultural influences on women's autonomy (as in China and India), or slow down the pace of change in gender equity despite rapid integration of women in education, formal employment and urbanization (as in the Republic of Korea). • The impact of policies to provide opportunities for women's empowerment can be greatly enhanced if accompanied by communication efforts to alter cultural values which place heavy constraints to women's accessing these opportunities. 1 Acknowledgements: This paper draws on country reviews funded by the World Bank's Gender Sector Board. The reviews were prepared by Danning Wang, Lihong Wang and Xiaodan Zhang (on China), Sunhwa Lee (on South Korea), and Patricia Uberoi (on India). It also draws on the Monica Das Gupta's previous research on these countries, some of which was funded by the United Nations Population Fund to Harvard University. Comments from Judith Banister, Lyn Bennett, Gillian Brown, Hill Gates and Mick Moore are gratefully acknowledged. * Development Research Group, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433,USA. Email: email@example.com


This document is the summary report of the main findings of the Swiss LGBTIQ+ survey 2019. The authors contributed equally to the work.


It has become increasingly clear to the international scientific community that climate change is real and has important consequences for human health. To meet these new challenges, the World Health Organization recommends reinforcing the adaptive capacity of health systems. One of the possible avenues in this respect is to promote awareness and knowledge translation in climatic health, at both the local and global scales. Within such perspective, two major themes have emerged in the field of public health research: 1) the development of advanced training adapted to 'global environment' change and to the specific needs of various groups of actors (doctors, nurses, public health practitioners, health care managers, public service managers, local communities, etc) and 2) the development of strategies for implementing research results and applying various types of evidence to the management of public health issues affected by climate change. Progress on these two fronts will depend on maximum innovation in transdisciplinary and transsectoral collaborations. The general purpose of this article is to present the program of a new research and learning chair designed for this double set of developmental objectives – a chair that emphasizes 'innoversity' (the dynamic relationship between innovation and diversity) and 'transfrontier ecolearning for adaptive actions'. The Écoapprentissages, santé mentale et climat collaborative research chair (University of Montreal and Quebec National Public Health Institute) based in Montreal is a center for 'transdisciplinary research' on the transfrontier knowledge-for-action that can aid adaptation of the public health sector, the public mental health sector, and the public service sector to climate change, as well as a center for complex collaborations on evidence-based climatic health 'training'. This program-focused article comprises two main sections. The first section presents the 'general' and 'specific contexts' in which the chair emerged. The 'general context' pertains to the health-related challenge of finding ways to integrate, transfer, and implement knowledge, a particularly pointed challenge in Canada. The 'specific context' refers to the emerging research field of adaptation of public health to climate change. In the second section, the characteristics of the research chair are more extensively detailed (the vision of 'innoversity' and ' transfrontier knowledge-for-action,' the approach of shared responsibility and complex collaboration, objectives, and major axes of research). We conclude with a call for complex collaboration toward knowledge-for-action in public health services/mental health services/public services' adaptation to climate change: this call is aimed at individual and institutional actors in the North and South/West and East concerned by these issues.


Rolling process is one of the most popular processes in manufacturing industries in order to make different parts with a long rang variety of dimensions. In this procedure the internal raw material transform into desirable shape by at least two rolls. In comparison with other methods for analyzing the rolling process, the finite element method is the most practical and accurate one, so a coupled thermo elastic plastic three dimensional finite element model is considered to analyze the hot rolling process. In present research the influence of various parameters such as geometry of the slab, temperature, friction between work-rolls and slab, percentage of thickness reduction, rotational speed of work-roll have been studied on process. Outputs like temperature distribution, stress, strain and strain rate fields, roll force have been obtained through different inputs. The outputs of finite element simulation are used to investigate the effects of parameters on product integrity and mechanical properties of part. Introduction: The rolling process is one of the most popular processes in manufacturing industries in that almost 80% of metallic equipment has been exposed to rolling, at least one time in their production period. Among all kinds of the rolling processes, the flat rolling is the most practical one. In industrial countries, about 40-60% of rolling products are produced with this type of rolling. [3] Rolling is a fabricating process in which the metal, plastic, paper, glass, etc is passed through a pair (or pairs) of rolls. In flat rolling the final shape of the product is either classed as sheet (typically thickness less than 3 mm, also called "strip") or plate (typically thickness more than 3 mm). Flat rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallization temperature, then the process is termed as hot rolling and if the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature, the process is termed as cold rolling. There are many studies concentrating on evaluating the temperature field during the hot rolling process. For example, Hollander (1970) has used a one-dimensional FDM model and the assumption of homogenous deformation to estimate the temperature distribution during the hot strip rolling. Devadas and Samarasekara (1986) have predicted the temperature distribution in the hot strip rolled metal as well as in the work roll. In their work the effects of process parameters on the temperature field have been evaluated. Chen et al. (1993) calculated the temperature and strain fields by a coupled FEM and FDM code. The kinetic of iron oxidation during hot rolling has also been investigated in their paper. The temperature variations in work-rolls have been considered in a few papers. Sluzalec (1984) has utilized a two-dimensional finite element method to predict the temperature distribution during hot rolling and Teseng et al. (1990) have estimated the temperature variations in the work-roll in order to evaluate the thermal stress distribution in the rolls. Mori et al. (1982) have developed a finite element method, using the assumptions of rigid-plastic and slightly compressible material to predict the velocity field during isothermal steady and unsteady plane strain rolling conditions. Hwu and Lenard (1988) have used a finite element formulation for flat rolling process to assess the effects of work-roll deformation and various friction conditions on the strain field. Yarita et al. (1988) have analyzed the plane strain rolling process utilizing an elastic–plastic finite element model. They have attempted to predict the stress and strain distribution within the deformation zone using an updated Lagrangian code. Hwnag and Joun (1992) have assessed the hot strip rolling process. The temperature distributions in the rolled metal and in the work-roll and the strain field have been determined in their work. Serajzadeh et al. (2002) investigated strain in homogeneity in hot strip rolling using a two-dimensional unsteady-state finite element method. Duan and Sheppard (2004) investigated the influence of the constitutive equation on the FE modeling of hot rolling of aluminum alloy. The contact problem has not much been considered in past literature. However, because of its nonlinear nature and its complex condition, it is very important to consider it particularly. Combining the finite element and boundary element methods, Shangwu et al. (1999) carried out the 3D modeling of hot rolling process of flat strips. They predicted rolling force, rolling torque and contact pressure on the roll for both rigid and flexible roll cases. Cavaliere et al. (2001) did research on the influence of parameters such as coefficient of friction and temperature on the distribution of contact stresses. Duan and Sheppard (2002) besides studying the effect of three friction models, considered the contact pressure distribution. They concluded that contact pressure distribution, as a convergence criterion, is greatly sensitive to the number of elements. Arif et al. (2004) simulated roll and strip interaction for a cold rolling process. The main object of this study is to predict roll stresses and deformation behavior by considering both mechanical and thermal loads. Studying the influence of number of elements on the tangential and normal components of contact stresses, they showed that the contact stresses are much sensitive to the number of contact elements. Phaniraj et al. (2005) compared the contact pressure of the roll surface for five rolling stands of a steel strip. Although the finite element method is a very powerful tool for simulation of the engineering problems, the FE simulation of nonlinear problems is a time-consuming procedure. Nowadays, steel and aluminum manufacturing industries go ahead toward online fault detection in the rolling process with the aim of elimination of these faults during the manufacturing process. For this to be achieved, faster prediction methods for predicting the behavior of the slab under rolling are needed. In the present paper, the hot rolling process of a strip is simulated with commercial FEM program DEFORM 2D. The roll is assumed to be rigid and for the deformable aluminum strip, the thermoelastoplastic analysis, through 2D sequential transient thermal and incremental lagrangian analyses, is carried out. This way the effect of different process parameters such as initial thickness of the strip, rolling speed and roll diameter, thickness reduction are studied. Finite element modeling: A 2D rolling model has been developed to simulate a single pass of the hot rolling process for aluminum alloys using the commercial finite element software, DEFORM-2D. The rolling parameters use in this work is shown in table 1 and the finite element model is shown as fig 1. Due to the symmetric nature of flat rolling only a quarter of the slab is modeled. Table 1. Rolling parameters Roll Width Roll diameter Roll Speed Temperature reduction Outlet thickness Inlet thickness Length Width 2000 mm 495 mm 40 rpm 300 10% 522 mm 580 mm 500 mm 1800 mm Fig1. The FEM model The deformed material is AA5083. Its flow stress is expressed as Norton-Hoff equation: (1) c  n m T k ) ( ) exp( ) 3 ( 0 1 0          Where , are the materials constants, m the strain rate sensitively index, n the strain-hardening index, ، the equivalent strain, the equivalent strain rate and is the small constant 0.001. For AA5083, [2]. Material mechanical and thermal property parameters used in this simulation are given in Table 2&3. Table 2.Physical properties for AA5083 Temperature ( ) heat capacity (J/kg.n) Thermal conductivity (w/m.k) 14 930 143.4 280 990 167.1 306 1010 170.2 41


This paper is based on a case study of corporal punishment at Christchurch Boys' High School in Christchurch, New Zealand.2 The study's central problem was to document and explain the attitudes toward corporal punishment of the people directly involved in its practice, i.e., pupils, teachers, and to a lesser extent, parents. The research was based on the assumption that if educators knew more about the perspectives of the participants regarding corporal punishment, they could better assess both the phenomenon and the institution of corporal punishment in the schools.


This paper presents research on the modal damping and frequency response of functionally graded fiber-reinforced composite cylindrical shells considering the internal damping. Based on the Love shell theory and energy approach, the dynamical equations of cylindrical shells are established. In the process of variable separation, the Haar wavelet series and trigonometric functions are respectively to represent the axial and circumferential modes. Based on the microscopic damping prediction method and multi-cell model of hybrid materials, the equivalent damping and elastic characteristics of composite materials are determined. Then the damping and frequency response characteristics are solved by the complex modulus method. The present analysis is validated by comparing the results with those in the literature and finite element simulation. The effects of fiber content and distribution, lamination and geometry configuration on damping and frequency response properties are further analyzed. The analysis show that the damping decreases monotonically with the increase of fiber volume fraction. The damping behaviors may be improved by changing the fiber distribution type and stacking sequence. Increasing the internal damping of composites can obviously reduce the vibration amplitude in the resonance region, especially in the high frequency range.


The study of residential satisfaction has gained importance mainly for its recognition as an important constituent of quality of life. Several studies have investigated the cognitive and behavioural characteristics of inhabitants or the physical and social characteristics of residential environments to understand and evaluate residential satisfaction. However, only a small number of researchers have structured these variables into models to study and analyse the relationships among them. This paper reviews residential satisfaction through the primary models used to study residential satisfaction in order to critique their strengths and weaknesses. The majority of the models discussed in this paper employ subjective and objective attributes to evaluate residential satisfaction. The paper also points out that researchers should clearly define the physical limits of proposed models and the relationships between residents and their residential environments when developing a residential satisfaction model to avoid conceptual ambiguity. The findings of this paper could contribute to a conceptual and theoretical framework of current research on residential satisfaction, as well as providing suggestions for using models in practice and recommendations for future research.


Based on a semi-empirical macroscopic-microscopic nuclear mass formula——Weizscker-Skyrme mass formula,some ground properties of nuclei,such as the deformations,the drip lines,the shell gaps of nuclei and the α-decay energies of some super-heavy nuclei have been studied.The experimental data can be reasonably well reproduced with this formula.In addition,the nuclear symmetry energy coefficient and the central position of super-heavy stability island were investigated.


the ocean carbonate buffer system. Calculated atmospheric p CO 2 oscillated between values of 100–300 ppm and to maxima of 1200–2500 ppm from 60 to 40 Ma and varied between 100 and 300 ppm from 25 Ma to the present. The refined p CO 2 values are significantly lower than previous estimates made from sea-water pH data where total dissolved inorganic carbon was assumed constant and more in line with modeling and stomatal index estimations of atmospheric p CO 2 for the Tertiary.


With the continuous development of mobile Internet, the damage due to mobile security incidents is motivating system and security application to adopt protective mechanisms. Recent research has begun to focus on the correlation between personality traits and security-related behavior such as email phishing response. In practical instances of this security domain knowledge, acquiring the user's personality accurately and conveniently in a mobile environment is desired. In this paper, considering the high efficiency of speech personality assessment, a prevention model using speech personality traits is proposed to guarantee customized security services. Our model is based on multilayer perceptron and prosodic features selection to acquire user speech personality traits. Furthermore, by combining obtained personality traits and security-related behavior domain knowledge, a prevention strategy is proposed. The proposed prevention strategy, which design is based on the correlation between user personality profile and security behavior weaknesses, is used to provide customized security prevention services. The results showed that the proposed model can achieve superior performance than other state-of-the-art speech personality assessment method and guarantee customized security-related behavior prevention support according to personality traits. The assessment time on mobile terminals is reduced to 19.2% of the traditional questionnaire method.


Undocumented migrants are usually conceptualised as individuals who have crossed borders illegally, have been smuggled or trafficked into the country and who are living in the shadows, working in t ...


A rare case of coexisting sarcoma and carcinoma of the urinary bladder is reported and the literature is reviewed. Because of the differences in the histogenesis and prognosis, such cases should be differentiated from cases of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder.


1. Introduction Esmer, Yilmaz Pettersson, Thorleif 2. Mapping Global Values Inglehart, Ronald 3. A Theory of Cultural Value Orientations: Expectations and Applications Schwartz, Shalon H. 4. Globalization, "McDonaldization" and Values: Quo Vadis? Esmer, Yilmaz 5. Individualization in Europe and America: Connecting Religious and Moral Values Nevitte, Neil Cochrane, Christopher 6. Religion in Contemporary Society: Eroded by Human Well-being, Supported by Cultural Diversity Pettersson, Thorleif 7. Democratization in the Human Development Perspective Welzel, Christian Index


Network planning method has been widely used in engineering construction, it is in accordance with the engineering construction management requirements, especially for the project implementation process organization and management. At present, the application of project management, especially the supervision and control, tracking and adjustment of the implementation of the plan is lagging, and basically remains on the compilation of the plan.. Through the analysis of the status quo of the application of the network technology in the implementation of the process, the paper puts forward the methods and methods for the application of network planning technology. The introduction of network planning technology Network planning method is for project planning and control is a management technology, is a way to help people analysis work rules and scientific method for prompting the internal contradictions of the task, this method also provides a preparation and adjustment plan of complete technology. The biggest feature of the network plan is that it can provide a variety of information needed for the construction management, is conducive to strengthen the project management. It has helped managers rational organization of production, do sth in the heart, know the management emphasis should be placed where, how to shorten the time limit for a project, where mining potential. How to reduce the cost. In the project management to improve the level of application of network planning technology, will be able to further improve the level of project management. The core of the network planning method is to provide a graphical model of the inter logical relationship between the activities of the plan task.. Using the graphical model and the calculation method of, can see the global task plan, to analyze the rule, in order to reveal the contradiction, to seize the key, and use scientific method to adjust the plan arrangement, find out the best plan. At present, the industry developed countries in the world attach great importance to the modern management science, the network planning technology has been recognized by many countries as the current most effective management methods. The practice has proved that the application of the network planning technology organization and management production can shorten the time limit and reduce the cost. Advantages of network planning technology in construction management The application of network planning technology in the construction is not only a method of compiling the plan, but also a scientific method of construction management.. It can be said, at present our country network planning technique in theory and application level compared with developed countries, not much difference between. But due to historical reasons, the basis for the development of construction enterprises is weak, staff's knowledge structure is not perfect, therefore, application of network planning method in the construction management exist the situation is not optimistic, especially plan execution supervision, control and tracking adjustment aspect, less fall in real earnest, remain in the planning, of management in the implementation of the grasp is not effective, the lack of an effective way. In building engineering, network planning technology is mainly used to preparation of construction enterprises production planning and construction schedule, and optimization, adjustment and control of the plan, to shorten the time limit for a project, improve work efficiency, reduce costs, increase the economic benefits of the. The main advantages of network planning technology are as follows: (1) The logical relationship between the work in the network planning technology is very strict. International Conference on Information Technology and Management Innovation (ICITMI 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 533 (2) The network planning technology is the effective tool for controlling the duration. The time parameter provided by the network is a dynamic plan concept, and the network planning technology can adapt to the changes of the construction conditions. (3) The application of network planning technology can focus on the key work and can control and supervise the implementation of the plan effectively. (4) The application of network planning technology can optimize the plan, get the best plan. (5) The use of the network diagram, making the plan more scientific. The necessity of application of network planning technology in construction management Construction and general industrial production has its own characteristics, performance in: The production space is constantly changing. As the project product fixed, and overall hard, so often in the construction process flow. The change of production space means that the construction conditions or the environment change, and the construction organization and management of the project will change with the change of the construction method and order to adapt to the new conditions. Construction period is longer. The construction of the same engineering projects generally experienced the changes of the four seasons climate conditions, which brings great influence to the construction of the open air. In order to shorten the construction period, the project size is huge and so on the characteristic, organization, a multi-level interchange operations and parallel flow shop, the use of space to try to shorten the construction period. This method of organization construction requires the construction of different units or different types of work closely, and therefore need to develop a detailed construction organization plan, and strictly according to plan execution. The individuality of project. Different engineering projects will bring about the changes of natural and technological economic environment due to the different uses and geographical locations.. Therefore, the different engineering projects have different construction organization characteristics, and it is impossible to carry out mass production. Complexity of engineering projects. Along with the progress of science and technology, the scale and complexity of engineering projects continue to increase.. Because of the complexity of the project, it is necessary to implement the specialization, so it must strengthen the coordination of various types of projects in the project construction. The project manager only uses the engineering project plan, can he emphasized the progress, the cost, the quality communicated to the engineering technical personnel. The construction of engineering projects has the characteristics of the single production, the changeable environment and the strict and close coordination, which decides the complexity of the construction organization and management.. Only in the construction management application network plan technology, a project as a whole to consider, in accordance with certain procedures to arrange, and through the network plan itself unique feedback, adjustment and improvement of construction management, can the construction can fully meet the quality, saving and fast. The construction practice proves that the application of network planning technology organization and management can shorten the construction period and reduce the cost. The network plan technology in the construction management problems and reasons Network planning method is not only a method of compiling a plan, but also a scientific method of construction management, but its application in construction management in China is not optimistic.


By transferring different organic materials having a dopant from a donor on the OLED substrate, to be used by the laser induced thermal imaging apparatus having a plurality of channels printhead of a laser beam for forming a different color emission sites on the substrate method for generating an image data is described.


The resources of Osmanthus fragrans cultivars in main city zones of Kunming were investigated. It was preliminarily indentified that there were 30 cultivars of Osmanthus fragrans in main city zones of Kunming,belonging to four cultivars groups. There are 9 cultivars in Siji Group,10 cultivars in Albus Group,4 cultivars in Luteus Group,7 cultivars in Arautiacus Group. Among them,6 varieties are newly identified and recorded. 12 fine varieties were recommended for Kunming landscaping. The characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans cultivar resources in the main city of Kunming were summarized.


The most important stages in designing a computer network in a wider geographical area include: definition of requirements, topological description, identification and calculation of relevant parameters (i.e. traffic matrix), determining the shortest paths between nodes, quantification of the effect of various levels of technical and technological development of urban areas involved, the cost of technology, and the cost of services. These parameters differ for WAN networks in different regions -- their calculation depends directly on the data "on the ground": number of inhabitants, distance between populated areas, density of network traffic, as well as available bandwidth. However, behavioral interactions of individuals and groups play a significant role and have to be taken into consideration by employing either simple or composite indicators of socioeconomic status. In this paper, we propose the inclusion of a composite socioeconomic indicator in the cost-modeling of a WAN network, as a linear sum of products of weights and several measures of labor status and/or education.


Managing the violent or acutely disturbed patient can be a difficult and stressful task. Most doctors are likely to encounter such patients in the emergency department or in inpatient psychiatric settings, but such patients may also present on medical or surgical wards. The principles outlined below relate predominantly to the accident and emergency (A&E) setting, but they may be applied to other settings. If the patient presents to A&E or a medical ward, the mental health liaison team should be consulted immediately for a psychiatric assessment of the patient.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the status of persons of export of labor services infected with Schistosoma haematobium.

METHODS
A total of 184 suspected hospitalized patients infected with S. haematobium were investigated retrospectively.

RESULTS
Among the patients, 111 used to work in Angola (60.3%) and 57 in Mozambique (31.0%). Pathogenic examinations were done in 13 cases, and S. haematobium eggs were found in 6 subjects. Totally 96.7% of patients showed antibody positive by the tests of IHA and ELISA. A total of 112 subjects (60.9%) had urinary tract symptoms, and 52 had fatigue. However, 72 subjects (39.1%) did not have any signs and symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
There are some persons of export of labor services who are infected with S. haematobium. Therefore, we suggest that the authority should establish a program for prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis haematobia and schistosomiasis mansoni in persons of export of labor services.


The tracksite located in Barranco de Valdelavilla (Valdelavilla, Soria, Spain) had provided so far theropods, sauropods and pterosaurs tracks. It has now provided a new type of footprints, "cocodrile tracks", which represents the second important trackway found in the province of Soria (the first one is in Fuente Lacorte, Bretun). These footprints appear on sandy limestones from Huerteles Alloformation, which belongs to the Oncala group in the Cameros Basin, and it is estimated to exist since the Berrisian age. It is formed by 8 five fingered footprints from hands, well market, and 8 footprints of feet with four toes each. This morphology indicates that it was made by a medium crocodile, probably from the Goniopholidae family.


Benzil has been irradiated in 2-propanol and in cumene with a mercury lamp filtered through Pyrex. The principal products are benzoin, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl-2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dione (3), benzoin...


In this paper, we consider a massively parallel system that is composed of heterogeneous processors, that is, processors with different processing power, and that combines the advantages of the SIMD and MIMD architectures. The heterogeneous mixed-mode (HeMM) execution model is composed of two main components, which operate in the well-known SIMD and MIMD paradigms. The main computing power comes from a component that is composed of a massive number of processors and operates in a data parallel manner. The other component is composed of a few (or even one) fast processors which operate in the MIMD paradigm. The operation of a small number of processors in an MIMD paradigm has been well demonstrated through actual systems. The processors in this component add flexibility to the execution of the parallel programs such that it adjusts to the changing parallelism of the program to enhance the performance. Based on this execution model we analyze the gains in performance that is obtainable by this new system. We show that substantial performance gains can be obtained by using the HeMM system.


We consider the prediction of new observations in a general Gauss–Markov model. We state the fundamental equations of the best linear unbiased prediction, BLUP, and consider some properties of the BLUP. Particularly, we focus on such linear statistics, which preserve enough information for obtaining the BLUP of new observations as a linear function of them. We call such statistics linearly prediction sufficient for new observations, and introduce some equivalent characterizations for this new concept.


Deterrent theory is the core contribution of Law and Economics in the field of Criminal Law. After Beccaria and Bentham, deterrent theory is silence in a very long time, Becker revived this theory. Modern, Posner, Shavell and Levitt made it more particular. They probed into that punishment decides each factor of influence and their relations after probing into the punishment. Though some researches of concrete evidence proved deterrent effect truly exists, there also are a lot of critical opinions. Under driving of critical opinions as well as with the aid of the new development of economics, deterrent theory will be exact and pay attention to concrete evidence, (including) introduction of behavior economics (has) greatly enhanced the deterrent theory feasibility.


Constant pressure valve, which has an axially symmetric structure, is an essential component to supply the servo reference pressure for aero-engine hydraulic mechanical control systems, and its performance directly impacts the performance of the control system. This paper constructs a closed-loop disturbance rejection system of the constant pressure valve based on the linear incremental description method, in which the controlled object is the controlled pressure, and the stabilization controller is constructed by the closed-loop feedback motion valve. Meanwhile, the linear models of the closed-loop system are calculated. Subsequently, based on the bode frequency domain characteristic analysis, the accurate influences of the stabilization control gain on the dynamic performance and stability of the system are given. On this basis, a gain scheduling design method of the system is proposed, and the geometry design and implementation method of the inlet orifice is proposed to complete the design work. The simulation results show that under bad conditions, which include the 1 MPa strong step disturbance of the inlet pressure and the step disturbance of the variable outlet flow area, the steady-state working range of the controlled pressure is 1.5 ± 0.01 MPa, the steady-state error is not more than 0.7%, and the regulation time is not more than 0.006 s.


TreeGhatsData is a compilation of lists of tree taxa found in Western Ghats, South India:

 taxa for which the word "tree" appears in habit description in the book Flowering plants of the Western Ghats edited by the Tropical Botanic Garden Research Institute (TBGRI), including planted or cultivated taxa (Nayar, Beegam, and Sibi. 2014);
 tree taxa described after 2014 in journal articles;
 taxon names used in forest surveys published by the French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), in journal articles from 2000, and in the Atlas of endemics of the Western Ghats (Ramesh and Pascal 1997);
 taxon names reported with "tree" habit in Indian Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/).

For each plant name, TreeGhatsData includes the following taxonomic information: family, genus epithet, species epithet, infrataxon rank, infrataxon epithet, authority. Both the family name used in TBGRI book and the corresponding family name according to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system III (APGIII; Bremer et al. 2009) are provided.

 TreeGhatsData includes the taxonomic status, the reference name and the authority according to TBGRI flora, along with taxonomic status from The Plant List version 1.1 (http://www.theplantlist.org/). From these two sources, a taxonomic status is suggested for each taxon name, with corresponding reference names and authorities.

 TreeGhatsData also includes ecological and biogeographic information from TBGRI and completed by the botanists of French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP).

Because most vegetation surveys do not provide taxon names at infraspecific level, TreeGhatsData includes both the infraspecific taxa mentioned in Western Ghats and the corresponding specific binomial names.

 TreeGhatsData is provided as a CSV file with comma separator.

 Related references

Bremer, B., Bremer, K., Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F., Reveal, J. L., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Stevens, P. F., Anderberg, A. A., Moore, M. J., Olmstead, R. G., Rudall, P. J., Sytsma, K. J., Tank, D. C., Wurdack, K., Xiang, J. Q. Y. & Zmarzty, S. (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105-121.

Nayar, T., Rasiya Beegam, A. & Sibi, M. (2014) Flowering plants of the Western Ghats, India, Volume 1 Dicots; Volume 2 Monocots. Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute.

Ramesh, B. & Pascal, J.-P. (1997) Atlas of endemics of the Western Ghats (India): distribution of tree species in the evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India.


This paper investigates the microstructure, martensitic transformation and shape memory effect of Co-16Al alloy. The optical micrographs of Co-16at.%Al alloy quenched from 1200°C show that the e martensite occurs at room temperature, while some remaining γ phase can also be observed. This microstructure analysis can be supported by XRD pattern. It is shown that the alloy undergoes a martensitic reverse transformation at about 220°C during heating. However, no transformation from the fcc phase to hcp phase is detected by DSC measurement upon cooling. It is thought that the precipitation of β phase by aging at high temperature may suppress the martensitic transformation. The tension strain is 12% and the fracture strength is above 800MPa. No obvious yield deformation is observed from the stress-strain curve. SEM images exhibits many dimples on the fracture surface, which means the fracture mechanism is ductile rupture. Bending test show that only 25% deformation can be recovered due to shape memory effect w...


Objective To discuss the value of neatron-knife radiation in the evaluation of treatment of cervical cancer with MRI.Methods MRI manifestations obtained in 26 times at different points such as before or after theraphy 6 days,2-3 months,6 months, 1-2 years were compared in 50 patients who are confirmed pathologically with cervical carcinoma.Every time,MRI scans applyed the identical method,having the sign of regular array womb muscle as the referrence.The tumour size and the signal changing before and after Neutron-knife radiation therapy on MRI were observed.Results At the end of radiation,rate of part control was 100%.Among all cases,tumour were disappeared in 38 patients,tumors were decreased obviously in 12 patients,the rate of tumors shrinking was greater than 85%.Among MRI scanning the tumors were disappeared in 48 patients,12 patients tumors were decreased obviously when radiation therapy was completed after 2-3 months and 2 years.No signal changed on T 2 WI and STIR MR image,and slight or no enhancement on T 1 WI images.Conclusion MRI is the best examining method in the evaluation of cervical carcinoma response to neutron-knife radiotion therapy.The degree tumour reduces,the chang of T 2 WI signal,and whether there is a strengthen area in tumour are the observation targets for forecasting therapy effect.After GD-DTPA.Radiation therapy 2-3 months after is the best time to estimate the curative effect of neutron knife radioation therapy with MRI.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical strength and weakness of wheelchair basketball player of persons with disabilities and to use them as materials for teaching program through evaluating playing abilities. Loehr`s mental toughness test(MTT) was used to measured the athlete`s self-confidence, arousal control, attention control, visualization and imagery control, motivation, positive energy and attitude control factors. All data were expressed in means and standard deviation. Subjects(n=56) consist of wheelchair basketball player of persons with disabilities. As a result of above study, we lead to the conclusions as follows: First, the results are followings self-confidence, visual imagery control, motivation, positive energy and attitude control was high(M≥20) in wheelchair basketball player of persons with disabilities. Second, arousal control, attention control was very low (M=17.2, 19.0) in wheelchair basketball player of persons with disabilities.


After the trend of the developing of RFID system being introduced,the principle of the passive backscatter RFID system,which is prescribed in ISO/IEC18000-4,are analysised.A scheme to realize the 2.45G RFID system under this protocol and supporting philips's UCODE HSL is proposed in this paper.The encoding,decoding,modulation,demodulation,anticollision and zero-IF technology are also given in detail.


This module provides two commands to recode 4 digit ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 (International Classification of Occupations) codes into the class scheme proposed by Oesch. They are adaptations of the scripts provided by Daniel Oesch at http://people.unil.ch/danieloesch/scripts/. The module follows the same logic as the isko and isco Stata modules by John Hendrickx.


Cadmium is commonLy used in neutron transmission and activation experiments as an absorber for thermal neutrons. Its high thermal cross section(about 2,500 b) combined with an absorption resonance at 0.178 ev produces an excellent high-pass filter. Ine effective cutoff energy of cadmium filters is generally taken to be between 0.4 and 0.5 ev. More precise values are derived and presented graphically. (L.T.W.)


Ever focused on the crisis du jour in the lives of children, the anthropology of education has had a muted sense of the past. To move forward, continuities uniting the field and discontinuities making it edgy and creative need to be reworked often. In the Introduction to this issue, Hervé Varenne recommends the writings of Lawrence Cremin, the historian of American education writ large, for a conception of education helpful to rethinking both early and future work in the anthropology of education. Of the ten ethnographic essays following Varenne's overview, a few acknowledge Cremin's tradition, but all conform, explicitly or not, to the good sense of Cremin's culture-wide definition of education, whether in or beyond school, as any "deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to transmit, evoke, or acquire knowledge, attitudes, values, skills, or sensibilities, and any learning that results from the effort, direct or indirect, intended or unintended" (Cremin 1976: 27). Cremin's definition shares with any anthropology of contemporary education the understanding that most learning happens in homes, in


In this paper, by applying analytical method and using experimental data, an equation is achieved to predict the fatigue life of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composite that is applied in space application like satellite structures. The experimental data that is used to obtain the equation are achieved by low earth orbit environment simulation experiment. This environment is consisting of vacuum thermal cycles. The results that are achieved by this method are compared with the results from an experiment of another composite material. The comparison is shown that the results of this paper are acceptable. Finally, by employing of convex curves analytical method, some equations to predict the fatigue life of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composite are achieved. Main cause of fracture in unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composite is identified by convex curves method; that is due to degradation of interlaminar shear strength between carbon fibers and epoxy.


Innovation in organizations facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICT) and global logistics change our understanding of the relationship between the size of the organization and the efficiency. The standard accessibility and flexibility available to smaller market players are no longer a taboo for large companies. By restructuring in global networks, they can enter into various market niches that are inaccessible to them so far and at the same time use their wider resource base. In order to have this complex network of relationships and knowledge at different levels in the companies it is necessary to create multidisciplinary knowledge and to build a "creative environment" that extends beyond the borders of the companies themselves. They are a territory with rich knowledge resources, including universities, financial institutions and a high-tech labor market. This form of "networked enterprise" is composed of components of larger corporations that cooperate in specific spatial and thematic areas. Such technology networks exist in the Asia-Pacific region and the UK, but companies generally continue to pursue global strategies for direct competition.


He is called to the emergency room of a rural hospital late in the evening. The young woman with acute dyspnoea is already receiving treatment. He soon discovers that she had neither bronchospasm not cardiac failure. He pauses and thinks, 'What is going on?' After a while the patient starts talking about her suffocating situation at home. She is newly married, with a husband working away at the mines, She is living with the in-laws and having to share the husband's income with the whole family, including the five children from the sister-in-law who disappeared with a new husband.


In a continued effort to develop an instrument to measure religious involvement, the internal consistency approach to test development was used to analyze three data sets. Sample one consisted of members of the United Methodist Church who answered the 1968 Questionnaire (1968Q) developed by King and Hunt (1972b). The second and third samples were the subjects reported in two of the King and Hunt investigations (1972a, 1975). The findings of the factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the King and Hunt items provide strong support for the seven factors reported by Hilty, Morgan and Burns (1984). The results of the coefficient of congruence across samples found very acceptable estimates for the factors and items in the data sets. The meaning of the results and their implications for research are discussed.


Precision is one of the main elements that control the quality of a geodetic network, which defines as the measure of the network efficiency in propagation of random errors. This research aims to solve ZOD and FOD problems for a geodetic network using Rosenbrock Method to optimize the geodetic networks by using MATLAB programming language, to find the optimal design of geodetic network with high precision. ZOD problem was applied to a case study network consists of 19 points and 58 designed distances with a priori deviation equal to 5mm, to determine the best points in the network to consider as control points. The results showed that P55 and P73 having the minimum ellipse of error and considered as control points. FOD problem was applied to three cases of selected network to analyzed using the objective function of A-Optimality and D-Optimality, with selected range of movement of 300m to each point in each direction. The first case was a free network, the second case was with P55 and P73 as control points, and the third case was with P42 and P44 as control points. The results showed that the third case was the optimal design with high precision


This note proposes and analyses solutions to the orphan work issue: dynamic interpretation, as well as objective and subjective interpretations of the non-formality principle, and solutions beyond the interpretation of the current norms—ie the limitations and exceptions, including the compulsory licence, and also the establishment of applicable laws on IP.


We have shown that the irradiation of a wide variety of thin film-substrate combinations with MeV/amu ions leads to greatly enhanced adhesion. The systems studied include metal films on dielectric, semiconductor, and metal substrates. For metal coatings on semiconductors the electrical contact which is originally diode-like becomes ohmic. Metal films on metal or polymeric substrates generally require the lowest dose irradiations. For Au on Ta the threshold dose to achieve a constant level of adhesion ("Scotch Tape" test) is consistent with a model of the process in which the dose threshold varies with the electronic excitation part of the energy loss in the material as (dE/dx + Q) −2 . The value of Q obtained corresponds to an exothermic reaction due to the increased binding that liberates ˜70 eV at the interface. This model and a variant of it based on the production of K-shell vacancies in low Z elements in the target will be discussed.


"… Pressure on the government of India to go nuclear can be expected to increase with increasing nuclear developments in China…. And the government's resistance to going nuclear may be expected to decrease in direct relation to increasing disunion with the ranks of the Congress party and to the 'vote-catching' potential of the nuclear issue." Krish Nanda is assistant professor of political science at Loyola University of Chicago. This study was supported by the South Asian Institute and the Bureau of Applied Social Research of Columbia University and the Peace Research Institute, Oslo.


We consider the algebra over an infinite field equipped with a -grading where the canonical basis is homogeneous and prove that in various cases, the graded identites are just the ordinary ones. If the grading is a non-canonical grading obtained as a quotient grading of the natural -graded, we exhibit a basis for the graded identities.


Being a star analyst increases an analyst's compensation, status, and labor market mobility. In this paper, we examine how analysts' incentives to win votes in star analyst voting affect their research outputs. Using proprietary and detailed voting data from China, we document two primary findings. First, we find that analysts exert higher level of effort in researching on the firms held by the voting funds; they issue earnings forecasts more frequently, write longer research reports, and are more likely to accompany fund managers for site visits. Second, while the incentives to win votes have a positive impact on forecast accuracy, they induce analysts to issue more optimistic stock recommendations for the firms held by the voting funds. The results are more pronounced when the portfolio weight of the firm in voting funds' holdings and the voting weight of those funds are higher. Collectively these findings shed light on what analysts do to win favorable votes from mutual funds.


Inhibitor is commonly used to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal in domestic and foreign coal mines.Inhibitor can be divided into physical and chemical inhibitor,the former is currently in heavy use,so more extensive study was made on its inhibition mechanism;the latter is seldom used,so there is no corresponding study on the chemical inhibition mechanism.This paper systematically summarized the inhibition mechanism of the physical inhibitor,and the chemical inhibitor was used for retardant treatment of the coal samples,the coal samples treated with water was regarded as a reference,finally a conclusion was reached that the sodium persulfate can be used as a chemical inhibitor for the prevention of spontaneous combustion of coal.The chemical inhibition mechanism was summarized and the compound inhibition mechanism was proposed through the analysis on the experimental phenomena and results.


The strain rate during the thermal deformation process has a decisive effect on the performance of the material. Herein, Inconel 625 alloy is subjected to thermal compression at different strain rates to obtain fretting wear samples with different microstructures. The effects of the recrystallized grain morphologies, textures, and microhardness values on the fretting wear resistance of thermally compressed Inconel 625 are studied. The results demonstrate that the thermally compressed Inconel 625 alloy underwent severe oxidation reactions during fretting wear, mainly Fe oxides. At an equal temperature, as the strain rate of thermal compression increases, the friction coefficient and wear volume are found to first decrease and then increase. When the strain rates during thermal compression are 0.1 and 1 s−1, the workpiece is in a relatively fine recrystallized grain form without texture and with high hardness. At this time, the thermally compressed Inconel 625 has a low friction coefficient, a small volume of wear, and a large number of oxides on its surface. Therefore, the thermal deformation microstructure has a great influence on the wear resistance. Improvement in the fretting wear resistance of the workpiece by adjusting the strain rate during the thermal deformation process is proposed.


..............................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter I: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Chapter II: Methods ..........................................................................................................33 Chapter III: Results ...........................................................................................................50 Chapter IV: Discussion ......................................................................................................76 References ..........................................................................................................................91 Appendix A: Focus Group Questions .............................................................................103 Appendix B: Full Item Pool Presented to Expert Panel ...................................................104 Appendix C: Final Version of Survey Administered to Youth........................................108


The author reflects on people's wealth, the conclusions are all the same: behind the material base, there is something deeper, more fundamental, defining spiritual-moral base. Its optimal content as well as its organization in modern Russian professional education system are defined.


The challenge of searching for patterns of species turnover dynamics in communities of living organisms is directly related to solving problems of stability and functioning of ecosystems. Avian communities are an essential structural and functional component of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems which are highly diverse and play an important role in a wide range of ecosystem functions. The issue of changes in the dynamics of amphibiotic landscape complexes, where terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems conjugate, is practically not solved. In this connection, a study was carried out within a landscape system, which presents terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems that were in different degrees of anthropogenic transformation. The dynamics of bird communities was considered in the context of recent global climate change. The investigation was conducted in the landscapes of the south and south-east of Ukraine in the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny estuary, the ten most important types of ecosystems were distinguished, which included : agricultural lands, artificial forest belts, meadows, islands and spits, reed beds, urban areas, solonchaks, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. The temporal turnover of the bird communities was decomposed into two parts: the first term (D1) related to the amount of change in community composition, and the second term (D2) being dependent only on the amount of change in community size sensu its abundance. The contribution ratio of the species and of the environment variable were calculated to identify drivers that influence the turnover measure. The average annual temperature and the sum of annual temperatures were considered as environment variables. The bird metacommunity of the studied landscape system was represented by 132 species from 86 genera, 42 families and 13 orders. During the research period the average annual temperature varied from 9.5 to 12.5 ˚C. and the temperature dynamics were subject to the linear trend. An oscillatory component was also present in the temperature dynamics. The annual rainfall ranged 220–761 mm. A coherent change in precipitation and temperature was observed in the period until 2011. After that, the temperature growth stabilized and the amount of precipitation began to fall sharply. The steppe bird community was represented by an extremely small number of species, but demonstrated the ability to maintain a stable structure for a long time. The main fluctuations of the community were quantitative changes in abundance, while the turnover of species was practically absent. Species of the community replace each other cyclically, but there were no targeted changes in community structure. Temperature and precipitation were the main drivers of the bird community in the steppe. The bird communities on salt marshes were characterized by a stable abundance, but a constant directed turnover of species. Reduced water levels and the disappearance of islands in the salt marshes increased the risk of threats from predators, which could lead to a decrease in the abundance of some species. The islands and spits were characterized by high species turnover with quasi-cyclical population dynamics. The main feature of the community dynamics was a decrease in the role of precipitation and an increase in the role of the time factor. The role of temperature remained stably low. The species richness of bird communities in agrarian lands was higher than in steppe communities. The turnover measure was significant because of the increased abundance of Alauda arvensis. Over time, the role of precipitation in the community dynamics has been decreasing and the role of time has been increasing. The value of temperature varied, but was at a stationary level. The turnover of species was compensated by an increase in the abundance of bird communities. The obtained results are in line with findings indicating that despite more stable land use intensities in recent years, climate change has not overtaken land use intensities as the main driver of bird population dynamics.


The increasing stress of geographic environment, respectively changing in its condition, quality and potency have drawn attention to the import an ce of the reveal of the internal connection of the geoecological system. The above mentioned questions can be investigated from three distinctive point of view: approach with biological (ecological) aim, where the biotic factors of the environment or the structure itself are emphasized in the investigations, geographical reason, where the investigation is concentrating on the abiotic factors or the reveal of functions, technologic or planning tendency, what analyzes the economic-


We introduce the notion of (n − 1)−Hamiltonicity of n−state de-terministic finite automata and give a condition for the existence of a synchronizing word of length at most (n − 1) 2 for automata satisfying this condition, thus proving thě Cern'y conjecture for automata in this class.


Changes in the pore water pressure of soil are essential factors that affect the movement of structures during and after construction in terms of stability and safety. Soil permeability represents the quantity of water transferred using pore water pressure. However, these changes cannot be easily identified and require considerable time and money. This study predicted and evaluated the soil permeability coefficient using a multiple regression (MR) model, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), general deep neural network (DNN) model, and DNN using the dendrite concept (DNN−T, which was proposed in this study). The void ratio, unit weight, and particle size were obtained from 164 undisturbed samples collected from the embankments of reservoirs in South Korea as input variables for the aforementioned models. The data used in this study included seven input variables, and the ratios of the training data to the validation data were randomly extracted, such as 6:4, 7:3, and 8:2, and were used. The analysis results for each model showed a median correlation of r = 0.6 or less and a low model efficiency of Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.35 or less as a result of predicting MR and ANFIS. The DNN and DNN−T both have good performance, with a strong correlation of r = 0.75 or higher. Evidently, the DNN−T performance in terms of r, NSE, and root mean square error (RMSE) improved more than that of the DNN. However, the difference between the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of DNN−T and the DNN was that the error of the DNN was small (11%). Regarding the ratio of the training data to the verification data, 7:3 and 8:2 showed better results compared to 6:4 for indicators, such as r, NSE, RMSE, and MAPE. We assumed that this phenomenon was caused by the DNN−T thinking layer. This study shows that DNN−T, which changes the structure of the DNN, is an alternative for estimating the soil permeability coefficient in the safety inspection of construction sites and is an excellent methodology that can save time and budget.


This study examines experimentally induced case particle errors in Japanese. It was found that the nominative ga was the preferred particle for sentence-initial NPs and was the most frequently overused particle for argument NPs, providing some support to the claim that ga is a default marker. The study also shows that case particle error occurrence depends on verb type, suggesting the importance in future studies of experimentally controlling or manipulating the number of opportunities for speakers to produce NPs occurring with specific verb types.


In stand-alone micro-hydro power system, water turbine will vary in speed due to the variation of consumer load. This speed variation will cause in fluctuation in both voltage and frequency output from a generator. To solve this problem, electronic load controllers were invented and used in micro-hydro power system. The objective of this paper is to monitor the electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power and frequency of electronic load controller (ELC) by using microcontroller and liquid crystal display (LCD). It explains how to monitor and sense the above parameters and isolate between the power line and microcontroller. The voltage is sensed by using the step down transformer and voltage divider circuit. The current is measured with the help of an ACS 712 current sensor. Frequency signal is obtained by using a frequency signal converter circuit. Microcontroller 16F887 and liquid crystal display are used as the main devices to monitor the above parameters according to the values obtaining from the sensing circuits.


Medical lasers and IPL systems are currently used for a wide variety of cutaneous applications, such as the treatment of vascular lesions, unwanted hair, tattoos, scars, melanocytic and other skin lesions. Accordingly, with the emergence of numerous new facilities from the hospital to the high street, it is important that healthcare professionals and patients should have appropriate awareness of treatments with these modalities. The aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of commonly used skin lasers and IPL systems together with the indications for their use in treatment.


The relationship between cardiorespiratory disorders and diabetic foot syndrome has not been adequately studied. In particular, there is no information on the strength of the respiratory muscles in this category of patients. The purpose of the study: to determine the presence of respiratory muscles weakness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic foot syndrome. Materials and methods. 72 patients were examined, 16 of them with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by the neuroischemic type of diabetic foot syndrome I-IV st. Wagner made up the first (main) group. The second group (comparisons) included 29 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not complicated by diabetic foot syndrome. The third group (comparisons) were 27 patients without diabetes. The groups were randomized by sex and exclusion criteria. Determination of the strength of the respiratory muscles was carried out by measuring the maximum static pressure levels at the mouth level that the patient created during maximum inspiration and maximum expiration in closed airways. Results. The forces of the respiratory muscles with inspiratory effort in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic foot syndrome was reduced by 18.5 cm of water column (p <0.01) compared with diabetic patients without diabetic foot syndrome and by 17.3 cm water column (p <0.01) compared with patients without diabetes. The expiratory effort showed a decrease in the forces of the respiratory muscles in the patients of the first group by 49.4 cm of water column (p <0.01) compared to patients of the second group and by 27.4 cm of water column (p <0.05) compared to patients third group. In women with diabetic foot syndrome, the inspiratory muscular forces was reduced in comparison with patients without diabetic foot and without diabetes syndrome by 27.1 (p <0.01) and by 23.3 (p< 0.05) cm of water column, respectively. In men with diabetic foot syndrome, the same index was lowered by 13.9 (p> 0.05) and 17.7 (p <0.05) cm of water column, respectively, compared to the second and third groups, respectively. The expiratory effort revealed a decrease in the forces of the respiratory muscles in men in all groups in approximately the same range, without a significant difference between the groups. In women with diabetic foot syndrome, there is a marked decrease in the strength of the expiratory muscles: by 48.4 cm of water column (p <0.01), compared to women of the second group and by 20.6 cm of water column (p <0.05) patients of the third group. Conclusions. Patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic foot syndrome showed a decrease in the strength of inspiratory and expiratory muscle. In women with diabetic foot syndrome, there is a more pronounced decrease in the strength of the respiratory muscles during exhalation compared to men with this pathology.


We investigate the minimization problem of the minimum degree of minimal Ramsey graphs, initiated by Burr et al. We determine the corresponding graph parameter for numerous bipartite graphs, including bi‐regular bipartite graphs and forests. We also make initial progress for graphs of larger chromatic number. Numerous interesting problems remain open. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 150–164, 2010


Morton, A. J. 1975- . Preliminary assessment of the recreational gamefish fishery in Tasmania, with particular reference to southern bluefin tuna. Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 1 86295 127 6. 1. Fishing - Tasmania. 2. Tuna fishing - Tasmania. 3. Southern bluefin tuna - Tasmania. I. Lyle, J. M. II. Title. (Series : Technical report series (Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute) ; no. 20). 799.1209946 The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author/s and are not necessarily those of the Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute. Enquires should be directed to the series editor: Dr Alan Jordan Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, Marine Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 


Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure and nephroprotection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Compared to ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers have the same efficacy, but better tolerability and positive metabolic effects. Losartan is one of the best-known angiotensin II receptor blockers. Fixed combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (Losarel Plus) can significantly improve patient compliance.


We consider the age-old problem of job placement in a distributed server system. Jobs (tasks) arrive according to a Poisson Process and must each be dispatched to exactly one of several host machines for processing. We assume for simplicity that these host machines are identical and that there is no cost for dispatching jobs to hosts. The rule for assigning jobs to host machines is known as the task assignment policy. In this paper we consider the particular model of a distributed server system in which jobs are not preemptible i.e. each job is run-to-completion (no timesharing between jobs). Our model is motivated by batch job schedulers like Load-Leveler, LSF, PBS, and NQS which typically only support run-to-completion [11]. The processing requirements of the jobs are assumed to be i.i.d, according to some distribution G, which we typically assume to be heavy-tailed (to be defined shortly). We assume that the processing requirement of the job is not known at the time the job arrives (although the distribution G could be deduced after many observations). We will use the terms processing requirement, service demand, and size interchangably.


The article seeks to explicate two models of belief-assessment that appear to be operative in Hume's essay Of Miracles and that correspond to the two parts of the striking phrase "mutual destruction". One, which we tag "Impact", treats the mutual interaction of bodies of evidence and testimony on the model of a collision between two physical objects, and seeks to calculate the resultant quantities. The other, which we tag "Overrule", operates on the quasi-judicial model of the inadmissibility of certain evidence as tainted by its provenance or by its intrinsic implausibility. The suggestion is made that the compresence of these two models may help understand why it is so hard to identify the basic argument of Hume's essay; the question is left open of whether or not Hume has, perhaps in addition to the two models presented, any decisive way of providing "an everlasting check to all kinds of superstitious delusion".


Practice shows that the Strengthening Medical Humanistic Education is imminent.Humanities for medical students how to build long-term quality training mechanism? This article focuses on the concept of education from the update,and strengthen the quality of medical college students in Humanities Curriculum for the construction of the mechanism are discussed.


We have studied the cytotoxicity and DMA cross-linking induced by c/s-diamminedichloroplatinum(ll) (c/s-Pt) in a nor mal, a simian virus 40-transformed, and eight tumor cell lines of human origin. These cell strains were chosen on the basis of their Mer phenotype, i.e., their ability to repair DMA contain ing 6O-alkylated guanine. The cytotoxicity was assayed by measuring the inhibition of cell proliferation after a two-hr treatment of the cell cultures with c/s-Pt concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 ¡J.M.DNA-protein cross-links and DNA interstrand cross-links were mea sured by DNA alkaline elution after a two-hr treatment with 10 or 20 /IM c/s-Pt. The different cell lines differed in sensitivity to c/s-Pt. The drug concentration required to produce the same inhibition of growth varied over a 10-fold range. Cell sensitivity correlated with DNA interstrand cross-linking (r = 0.83; p < 0.01) better than with DNA-protein cross-linking (r = 0.75; p < 0.05). There was no correlation between cell sensitivity or DNA interstrand cross-linking and the Mer phenotype. The lack of relationship between the extent of DNA inter strand cross-linking by c/s-Pt and the Mer phenotype suggests that this repair mechanism does not remove from DNA c/s-Pt monoadducts that have the potential to form interstrand cross links. cell sensitivity DNA-protein cross-linking


Specimens examined: Spain: Galicia, Pontevedra: Illas Cies, Ilia do None, sheltered situation in a granitic cliff, 100-120 m, 27 May 1996, G. Paz-Bermudez SANT-Lich 9601; Illas Cies, Ilia do Medio, slightly sheltered vertical wall in a granitic cliff, 175 m, 19 April 1997, G. Paz-Bermudez SANT-Lich 9602; Galicia, A Coruna: Ilia de Salvora, slightly sheltered vertical wall in a rock beside a dune formation, 10 m, 17 June 1996, G. Paz-Bermudez SANT-Lich 9603.