Machine learning models have been widely adopted in several fields. However, most recent studies have shown several vulnerabilities from attacks with a potential to jeopardize the integrity of the model, presenting a new window of research opportunity in terms of cyber-security. This survey is conducted with a main intention of highlighting the most relevant information related to security vulnerabilities in the context of machine learning (ML) classifiers; more specifically, directed towards training procedures against data poisoning attacks, representing a type of attack that consists of tampering the data samples fed to the model during the training phase, leading to a degradation in the models accuracy during the inference phase. This work compiles the most relevant insights and findings found in the latest existing literatures addressing this type of attacks. Moreover, this paper also covers several defense techniques that promise feasible detection and mitigation mechanisms, capable of conferring a certain level of robustness to a target model against an attacker. A thorough assessment is performed on the reviewed works, comparing the effects of data poisoning on a wide range of ML models in real-world conditions, performing quantitative and qualitative analyses. This paper analyzes the main characteristics for each approach including performance success metrics, required hyperparameters, and deployment complexity. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the underlying assumptions and limitations considered by both attackers and defenders along with their intrinsic properties such as: availability, reliability, privacy, accountability, interpretability, etc. Finally, this paper concludes by making references of some of main existing research trends that provide pathways towards future research directions in the field of cyber-security.


The year 2009 shall remain a milestone year in the century as the year which witnessed the major shift of diaspora in urban centers of India for the first time in human history. In this context, it is essential to understand the socio-spatial negotiations happening and may happen ahead between the physically growing city and the everyday life, work-live relationship of these invisible communities within the city. Does the growing city with an economic disparity and tremendous polarization of amenities consider their criticality and social aspects which are deeply rooted within these communities, thriving in the vast and continually changing physical fabric?The planning framework of the cities are manifestations of a bigger play of byelaws and demonstration of power often blurs out the existence of inculcating the 'excluded' quarters of the city within a holistic whole. As a result, these quarters grow sporadically within the city creating a sense of anarchy. This paper tries to seek the relationship of state and political hegemony with these "excluded zones" where profit, political stability, and a constant saga of the failure of proposals to regenerate a highly diverse settlement within the financial capital of India. The Dharavi slum in Mumbai is a sprawling 525‐acre area with shanty roofs and deleterious sanitation conditions, housing over one million residents diversified in terms of its religious and ethnic matrix along with a wide gamut of informal occupations which makes it unique. Dharavi's residents like most slum dwellers around the world, live in illegal housing units lacking basic amenities and suffer from social exclusion.The paper would critically investigate the failure of community engagement and mobilization attempts forming cooperatives, formation of the several schemes across three decades and failures of almost all policies raising questions of redevelopment, how costing and finance schemes were mostly inefficient at large.The paper would also try to understand the scale and scalability of various neo-liberal redevelopment processes initiated by political will, largely vested in the interest of capitalistic gains and focusing less on addressing the complexities and issues of the existing socio-economic conditions.


In this conceptual map, we will be carrying out an in-depth analysis of a series of investigations involving concept maps used in eye tracking methodology. The background to this kind of research is analyzed: on the one hand we will focus on generic scientific literature about those concept maps with theoretical foundations in the psychology of learning, and secondly the literature of eye tracking in teaching and learning will be reviewed.


Five different kinds of chelating resins of amino carboxylic type have been prepared from styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer chloromethylated series (series A)and containing carbonyl group series (series B).The chelating resin of iminodiacetic acid type has also been syntherized by four methods.The conditions of syntheses of chelating resins were studied, and their cupric exchange capacity was compared.correspondent chelating resins of series A and series B were compared as well, the different reason of their cupric exchange capacity was preliminarily discussed.


Plastic pollution has been widely studied in marine environment since 1972 and mostly since 2004. Investigations on plastic pollution in freshwater and especially in urban catchments just started at the beginning of the decade, and urban plastic pollution sources and its related fluxes in rivers remains mainly unknown. Thus a specific attention should be paid to the plastic contamination in catchments exposed to severe anthropogenic pressure, especially within the urban areas. This PhD thesis focuses on the case of the Paris agglomeration and its impact on the Seine River. A double approach was carried out as both macro- (>5mm) and micro- (<5mm) plastics were considered.The amount of macroplastics conveyed by the Seine River was estimated with a field study and with a theoretical approach.Regarding microplastics, fibers (made with synthetic but also man-made polymers) and fragments were both investigated in different compartments of the urban system. The study focused on the air compartment (indoor and outdoor air as well as atmospheric fallout), the sewer system (from the washing machine disposals to the WWTP influents and effluents), and the inputs during wet weathers periods, i.e, runoff and combined sewer overflows. Fibers and fragments were also examined on the Seine River.This work aimed at providing relevant methodological keys to address sampling of microplastic in rivers. Two mesh size nets were tested (80 µm vs. 300 µm). The homogeneity of fibers distribution in rivers was also verified as the short term temporal and spatial variabilities were evaluated. In order to highlight the potential impact of the Paris agglomeration, a monthly monitoring on 5 sites upstream and downstream Paris was carried out as well.This thesis mainly highlighted the ubiquity of fibers in all compartments. Fibers were predominant in comparison to fragments in all compartments. Combined sewer overflows exhibited particularly high amounts of fragments. On the other hand, the flux of microplastics in the Seine River was proved be negligible in terms of mass in comparison to macroplastics. This study is also the first one showing that the atmospheric compartment needs to be considered as a potential significant source of microplastics


Instructors in research methods courses in criminal justice are constantly challenged to teach in innovative ways while simultaneously bringing relevant information to the classroom. This article describes a teaching technique that may accomplish this goal. This technique enables the instructor to teach students about judgments of crime seriousness and about the research process.


1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil College of Engineering, Ahmednagar, India 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Ahmednagar, India -------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Rapid increase in utilization carbon fiber composite material (widely used in aviation, aerospace, defense and automotive, electronic information and highspeed machinery and other civilian areas) in these years led to numerical modelling of material behavior & defect formation while machining. But anisotropic & inhomogeneous nature of material causes challenges while modelling & result interpretation. Based on the comprehensive literature survey from the past few years, it is noticed that limited research has been made and published concerning machining modelling of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composite material. This paper gives precise review of current trends in modelling of machining CFRP composites in different solvers in different countries. Some key contributions such as experimental and numerical studies are urgently demanded to address accurately various factors affecting machining of CFRP composite laminates.


Kant's ethics is objectivist. Like other objectivist ethics, it faces the problem of showing how what is objectively morally demanded hooks onto the moral deliberations of particular individuals. The issue is particularly acute for Kantian ethics given the centrality of the concept of autonomy, which expresses a demand for rational self-legislation. The paper focuses on the 'ought implies can principle' (OIC) and its role in Kant's ethics. The argument shows how understanding the Kantian use of OIC helps also with the problem of establishing a link between individual deliberation and objective moral demands.


Fishing is a uniquely difficult industry for policymakers to deal with, throwing up complex and inherently international issues of access to, and conservation of, its resource base. It also generates more familiar problems of economic development support, especially in times of depression. This short introduction sketches out some of these issues, providing context for the Forum contributions which follow.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a screen recording method. The method includes the first step of obtaining anti-counterfeiting codes and frame data from screen recording, wherein the number of the anti-counterfeiting codes is larger than or equal to the frame number of the frame data generated from screen recording, the second step of establishing the mapping relations between the frame data from screen recording and at least one anti-counterfeiting code respectively, and the third step of encapsulating the frame data from screen recording and the mapping relations corresponding to the frame data to be a screen recording file. The embodiment of the invention further discloses a screen recording device and system. The screen recording method, device and system can prevent screen recording from being tampered and ensure the authenticity or integrity of screen recording.


Yet another set of dimensionless variables is offered. These have the advantage of the Blok groups, that all results can be plotted on a single graph, but in addition one group is of secondary impo...


A number of agents from diverse pharmacological classes are used to treat neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Only three of these have regulatory approval for this indication in the U.S. In this focused article, I will discuss selected drugs, newly approved or in development, to treat neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy. These will include agonists and antagonists of the transient receptor potential channels, a family of receptor proteins that play a role in the transduction of physical stress; sodium channel isoform specific antagonists; a recently approved dual-action opioid receptor agonist–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; gene therapy for neuropathic pain; and anti-nerve growth factor molecules. Mechanisms of action, preclinical supporting data, clinical trial evidence, and adverse effects will be reviewed.


Objective To construct smad3-responsive destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein(d2EGFP) reporter system,which was employed as the high throughput screening system of antagonistic agents of scar hypertrophy.Methods Two vectors,p4COL1A2-d2EGFP containing d2EGFP reporter gene and p4COL1A2-EGFP with EGFP gene,were constructed with 4 copies of COL1A2 motif as enhancer,SV40 as basic promoter and neor gene as selective gene.The smad3-responsive clonal cell lines named NIH3T3-d2EGFP and NIH3T3-EGFP were established after the two vectors stably being transfected into NIH3T3 cells respectively.The expression of the EGFP and d2EGFP was compared among different time points after the stimulation of TGF-β1.The change of fluorescence intensity was observed after TGF-β1 was added to NIH3T3-d2EGFP which had been transfected with smad3 transcription factor decoy(TFD) oligonucleotides for half an hour.Results p4COL1A2-d2EGFP was the better smad3-responsive d2EGFP reporter gene system and the smad3 TFD could antagonize the d2EGFP expression induced by TGF-β1 significantly.Conclusion The smad3-responsive d2EGFP reporter system could report and monitor the change of smad3 activity specifically,sensitively and dynamically.


Epoxy resin is a kind of polymer which has advantages such as good thermal characteristics, excellent adhesion, good water repellent and resistance to pollution. During operation, field enhancement sites such as in void and protrusion may exist within the polymeric insulation. Degradation of the insulation may start from these parts and electrical treeing will grow. The appearance of an electrical treeing is a sign of degradation that develops in insulation. In view of this there have been numerous studies on various types of fillers which serve as treeing retardants. This paper presents investigation on the effect of a new organic filler, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB), on the electrical tree propagation in Epoxy resin It was found that the tree propagation time for the sample containing 1 wt % OPEFB was 50 minutes with tree length of 0.64 mm while the non-filled sample exhibited a tree length of 1.7 mm at 30 minutes implying the tree length of filled sample was shorter than tree length of non-filled sample and the tree propagation time for filled sample was longer than non-filled sample. It was also observed that the electrical tree in filled sample appeared in the form of bush-type tree whereas electrical tree in non-filled sample grew in a straight manner in the form of branch-type tree. This finding suggests that the OPEFB used in this study as organic filler has helped to slow down the tree propagation time and increased the insulation lifetime.


The City of Lakeland, Florida, Foster Wheeler and the Westinghouse Electric Corporation have embarked on the demonstration of a Clean Coal Technology at the City of Lakeland`s McIntosh Power Station in lakeland, Polk County, Florida. The project will demonstrate the Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (PCFB) technology developed by Foster Wheeler and Westinghouse. The Lakeland McIntosh Unit 4 Project is a nominal 170 MW power plant designed to burn a range of low- to high-sulfur coals. The combined cycle plant employs a Westinghouse 251B12 gas turbine engine in conjunction with a steam turbine operating in a 2400/1000/1000 steam cycle. The plant will demonstrate both the PCFB and topped PCFB combustion technologies. This paper provides a process description of the Foster Wheeler PCFB and Topped PCFB technologies and their application to the Lakeland McIntosh Unit 4 Project.


ent, and yet still be amenable to THRIVE-facilitated oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance, in a manner similar to those with no airway obstruction. We did not observe interruption of gas flow due to airway secretions, mucus or blood in patients with critical airway obstruction, which we attribute possibly to humidification of gas flow during THRIVE, preventing the drying and crusting of secretions. Strategies to increase the apnoea time in obese patients include preoxygenation, the head-up position, application of continuous positive airway pressure [7] and nasal oxygen insufflation [8, 9]. Ramachandran et al. found that for obese patients with a mean (SD) BMI of 31.2 (1.1) kg.m , nasal oxygen at 5 l.min 1 increased the mean (SD) apnoea time from 3.5 (1.3) min to 5.3 (1.0) min compared with patients without nasal oxygen, although 47% of patients in the nasal oxygen group had begun to desaturate to < 95% by 6 min [8]. Baraka et al. found that for 16/17 (94%) morbidly obese patients with a mean (SD) BMI of 41.8 (6.9) kg.m , nasopharyngeal oxygenation at 5 l.min 1 maintained saturation at 100% for 4 min, at which time apnoea was terminated [9]. In their control group without nasal oxygen, BMI was inversely linearly correlated with time to desaturation, such that the higher the BMI, the shorter the time to desaturation [9]. In our paper, we found that 12 obese patients (mean (SD) BMI 36.2 (5.9) kg.m ) endured a mean (SD) apnoea time of 12.5 (4.6) min without hypoxia (end mean (SD) saturation 96 (3)%. We think this shows that THRIVE is superior to both standard pre-oxygenation and lowflow nasal oxygenation, resulting from its ability to provide 'classical' apnoeic oxygenation, continuous positive airway pressure and gaseous exchange through flow-dependent deadspace flushing, although more research is needed to confirm this.


In recent times, equity and house prices in the Netherlands have soared. By late 1997 the AEX index of the Amsterdam Exchanges hovered around the 900 mark, having started the year at 634, reaching a maximum of 1011 on 7th August. House prices went up some 10% in 1996, a rate of increase that continued in the first half of 1997. This has led many to wonder whether in the early months of 1997 the Netherlands was subject to asset inflation. Asset inflation (or an asset bubble) occurs when the prices of financial assets rise above their underlying or intrinsic value.


Computer network security is now a days gaining popularity among network users. Organizations are spending more time and money for securing their information. Security is also more considered by the network researchers due to the importance of network security has grown unbelievably. Finite Automata or the state machine is a mathematical model to designing computer software and sequential logic circuits. FSA uses pattern for filtering. A pattern is a group of characters that exist along with the malicious programs. Pattern matching is the process of matching the incoming packet contents with the known patterns of the malware. In this paper we have tried to explain the firewall which improves the security with faster firewall mechanism. Our proposed solution provides filtering according to the keyword and port number. Also we have proposed new feature for the LAN users that is any user can interact with the other user of the same server. We have tried to propose a firewall which is dynamic where we can change the filtering rules. Previous work is limited when there is dynamic changes needed to the firewall. Also the important improvement is related to the time duration. Our proposed solution with FSA (Finite State Automata) regular expression takes less time for filtering of the packet compare to the algorithm which doesn't use the FSA.


College advisor is an important group engaging in ideological and political education and routine management of student affairs in colleges and universities.The college advisor must have decisively political quality,helping students develop positive view on the world,life,and value.We should constantly improve the advisors' culture and knowledge and their overall quality as well.At the same time,the colleges should set sound mechanisms and systems,construct advisor teams through introducing excellent young and middle-aged teachers and cadres.A qualified advisor is able to develop more talents for the socialist country,applying flexible approaches to explore new ideas and methods within the fundamental principles.


The purpose of this publication is to provide examples of weeds commonly found under certain environmental conditions. While weeds can be an indicator of a certain condition, some weed species can thrive in many different environments and are indicated in the following tables with an asterisk. For example, spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) can be indicative of a dry site, but it will grow and spread very well in sites that are over-irrigated also. The presence of one or two weed species is not necessarily diagnostic to a specific cultural problem, but heavy infestations or the presence of multiple species that prefer a particular condition could indicate that cultural practices should be altered.


Postgraduate Management in College is an integral part of the education management,an important factor that affects the quality of postgraduate education,playing the function of managing and educating people, providing services.But with the economic,political,cultural diversity,Postgraduate Management faces challenges. By analyzing the status of Postgraduate Management in the current economic situation,the problems that hindering the effectiveness of management is found.Thus proposed several strategies to increase the effectiveness of Postgraduate Management,these strategies have practical functions on improving the management of graduate students in affairs.


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus 1 for accessing the control data SD in accordance with a provided rights information RI. For this purpose, a virtual machine VM is generated according to the provided rights information RI, which is used with accessing the control data SD. Consequently, a user to control data SD can be accessed only by the virtual machine VM, thereby ensuring that the user does not receive any access rights to the control data SD, which are not described in the rights information RI. The present invention is applied to a confidential and providing restricted access data applications.


A laboratory investigation was conducted in order to develop a new grout based on fly ash produced in Greece. Ptolemaida fly ash was selected because of its hydraulic properties and was pulverized (Blaine specific surface over 8,300 cm²/gr, \iD\D15\N=1.3 μm, \iD\D50\N=6 μm, and \iD\D85\N=20 μm) in order to improve its groutability and its hydraulic activity. Pulverized fly ash (PFA) suspensions with selected additives have properties comparable to those of ordinary and microfine cement suspensions. Clean sands were injected using two specially constructed devices. Hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compression, and UU and CU-PP triaxial compression tests were conducted on grouted sand specimens. Coarse sands can be grouted effectively with PFA suspensions. Conventional groutability ratios were found to overestimate the groutability of these suspensions. Grouting with PFA suspensions reduces sand hydraulic conductivity by up to seven orders of magnitude and yields unconfined compression strength values up to 3,000 kPa. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion represents the behavior of grouted sand with cohesion values ranging from 280 to 450 kPa and angle of internal friction slightly higher than that of the sands.


The invention relates to an antenna which integrates a vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna and a horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna, wherein the horizontal polarization antenna comprises an oscillator, a strut, a base plate, a cable conductor and an N head; a core wire of the cable conductor is connected with the oscillator through the strut; the strut is fixed on the base plate through a nut; one end of the cable conductor is connected with the N head; the vertical polarization antenna comprises an oscillator, an earthing wire, a base plate, a cable conductor and an N head; a core wire of the cable conductor is connected with the oscillator through a high-frequency ring; the high-frequency ring is fixed on the base plate; one end of the cable conductor is connected with the N head; the horizontal polarization antenna is positioned on the upper end of the vertical polarization antenna; the base plate of the vertical polarization antenna is the base plate of the whole antenna; the base plate of the horizontal polarization antenna is positioned on the upper end of the vertical polarization antenna, and is connected with the vertical polarization antenna through a cover board 6; and the cover board is fixed through a fixing screw. An antenna machine of the structure not only has horizontal polarization, but also has vertical polarization, the low frequency range of the frequency band of the antenna is 806-960MHZ, and the high frequency of the frequency band of the antenna is 1710-2690MHZ, thus the antenna meets the requirements of 4G and the unification of three nets.


High resolution in vivo velocity measurements of the cardiovascular system are essential for accurate calculation of vessel wall shear stress, a highly influential factor for the progression of arterial disease. Currently available measurement techniques capable of providing these velocity measurements are incapable of the temporal resolution required for physiological flow rates. Advances in technology and improvements in imaging systems are allowing a relatively new technique, X-ray particle image velocimetry, to become a viable tool for such research. The following study investigates the fluid dynamics of pulsatile blood flow in an optically opaque in vitro model at physiological flow rates using X-ray particle image velocimetry. The in vitro model used is an asymmetric stenosis with the diameter, frequency and flow rate chosen to replicate the carotid artery of a rat. Velocity measurements are obtained over multiple cycles of the periodic flow at high temporal and spatial resolution: 0.5ms and 10μm, respectively. The measurements are improved by phase averaging and temporal binning, reducing the temporal resolution to 5.4ms. Although temporal resolution is reduced, the measurements remain highly resolved in time. Finally the velocity gradients are calculated and presented in the form of vorticity. This study clearly illustrates the capability of X-ray particle image velocimetry for future application to in vivo wall shear stress measurement.


After implementing a transfer, admission, and discharge team, one facility experiences improvements in patient care, productivity, and ED diversions, and heightened patient, nurse, and physician satisfaction.


USE OF BIOMETRICS TO DETERMINE BIOCHEMISTRY KNOWLEDGE LEVEL DIFFERENCES IN READING AND PROCESSING METABOLIC PATHWAYS By Kimberly D. Kammerdiener The areas of chemistry and biochemistry commonly use external representations to enhance learning for students. The use of schematics and representations for illustrating metabolic pathways is a familiar image in most biochemistry textbooks. These external representations can be the key to student understanding. To date, there has not been any previous research specifically focused on the areas of interest that are predominant for an individual viewing a metabolic pathway commonly found in a biochemistry textbook. Therefore, this thesis study set out to 1) investigate what individuals look at in a metabolic pathway based on their level of expertise in metabolism and 2) to look at areas of brain activation during the time an individual is viewing a metabolic pathway based on their level of expertise in metabolism. This was a phenomenological study; however, multiple theoretical frameworks guided the development, collection, and analysis of the data in this study. The method used to collect the data included manually co-registered systems of eyetracking and electroencephalograph (EEG) followed by separate analysis. The experiment was conducted using 45 participants with varying levels of expertise in biochemistry. Through a postsurvey, the participants were found to have different levels of familiarity with the metabolic pathways used for the stimulus presentation. This research concentrated on determining what part of the image the participants focused on and tracked the path that participants took while viewing metabolic pathway representations. This was accomplished through the use of an eyetracking system that mapped the movement of the participants' eyes while engaged with the


The paper attempts to explore the role of cohesion and coherence in college English teaching.It analyzes new requirements of college English teaching and then elaborates the concept and nature of cohesion and coherence.And the paper lists the role that cohesion and coherence play in college English teaching and puts forward some pieces of advice on college English teaching.


A cross sectional study was conducted on dairy farms in Meki town and its surrounding from January 2016 to April 2016 with the aim of this research work was to isolate, identify and determine the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptible profile of Salmonella in an apparently healthy lactating cows and farm equipmentA total of 304 samples were aseptically collected from udder milk, feces of cows, pooled bucket swab, pooled tank swab, tank milk and pooled milker′s hand swab.From the total of 304 samples examined, 11.2% were found to be Salmonella positive following the standard techniques and procedure out lined by International Organization for Standardization. There was no statistically significant association among sample types. However, there was statistically significant difference in Salmonella isolation frequency of lactating animals from small and medium size farms. All isolates were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials tested. Accordingly 97.06%, 91.18%, 73.53%, 73.53%, isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxaciilin, streptomycin, naldixic acid respectively.Multiple antimicrobial resistances (resistance to three or more antimicrobials) were detected in 97.05%. This study clearly indicates that Salmonella isolates shedded from feces can contaminate the milk, the farm equipments and personnel and result in bad hygienic standards of the farms. The current finding also revealed that there was higher percentage of multiple antimicrobial resistant isolates. Therefore, addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance should be taken as one of the most urgent priorities otherwise it will be very difficult to cure clinical diseases if unwise use antimicrobials are practiced at the farm level.


In this dissertation, it is examined how cooperation and competition affect the way groups exchange and process information, and how this – in turn – affects groups' decision-making quality. Answering this question is important because competition is ubiquitous in group interactions and such competition affects groups' ability to execute their tasks. In this dissertation, the results of six studies are presented that include 1251 participants who were organized in 417 three-person groups. The content of this empirical work is organized under three main questions that have so-far remained unanswered: (1) What is the neurobiological basis of group decision-making? (Chapter 2). To answer this first question the influence of the neuropeptide oxytocin is examined. Oxytocin is a hormone that can facilitate cooperative behavior. This work provides a fairly unique insight into how groups function at a basic biological level, as opposed to the social and motivational factors which have been investigated in much greater detail in the past. (2) How do groups deal with external information, and how is this affected by competition? (Chapter 3 & 4). This second question places group decision-making in a larger context that also includes outside information, when groups are confronted with information coming from a non-group member. (3) How does competition within and between groups affect information exchange, and decision-making quality? (Chapter 5). This third question examines more closely how information exchange in groups is affected by competition between group members, either in the presence or the absence of competition with another group (intergroup competition).


The Blanco 4-meter telescope has been in operation for over 30 years and is now subject to an extensive upgrade of its control system, both of the hardware and software aspects. The motivation for the upgrade, besides the normal replacement of obsolete components, is the preparation of the telescope for the installation of the DECAM instrument, which makes greater operational demands than can't be met by the current system. The architecture of the new system is in line with the designs proposed for modern telescopes like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), and its implementation utilizes similar technologies as proposed for that project. In this paper we present a detailed description of the upgraded system, including tape encoders, control algorithms, the use of trajectories to optimize motions, communications middleware, and its performance as a whole.


Character recognition has attracted an immense research interest. Hand printed Latin text and printed Arabic text are cursive script. One of the difficulties involved in processing such text is the segmentation of the text into distinct characters. Thereafter, the recognition of these characters. The paper proposes a new segmentation technique for Arabic text.<<ETX>>


Background: Almost 35% of men suffering from alcohol or opiate dependence drop out prior to completing residential programs of 30 days or less. Anxiety is often a quoted reason for early dropout. Supplemental interventions designed to promote tenure in residential treatment are sorely needed for men who are substance abusers. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES), which is FDA approved for the treatment of anxiety and depression, would decrease anxiety in substance abusing men in early recovery. Methods: A double blind experimental study using repeated measures and two treatment conditions (intervention/active and control/placebo) was conducted over a period of 15 days during the first 3 weeks of opiate/alcohol abstinence. Salivary Cortisol and state anxiety were measured on the first and final day of CES treatment. Anxiety was also measured on all participants at study enrollment and at 30 days. Results: Fifty nine participants completed the study. Anxiety and cortisol responses improved in both groups. While differences were not significant, the cortisol decrease was greater in the active treatment group than in the placebo group. In addition there appeared to be a trending downward in momentary anxiety as measured in the active group. Conclusions: CES may be effective in reducing anxiety and cortisol response in this population; however it was not demonstrated statistically in this study. Psychopharmacological medications as well as placebo effect may have confounded the results. More research is needed in this area.


The authors of this article ask whether Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are in fact actively helping and assisting travelers, or whether engineers in their enthusiasm are being sidetracked by the newest technologies. The authors contend that it is wise to look at the big picture from time to time, and not at just the trucks, the cars or the road itself. They also point out that investments occur with little evaluation of their benefits after installation, and some of the other benefits, such as customer satisfaction, are overlooked or difficult to quantify.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to reveal ways to provide the opportunity for students to have aesthetically engaged learning experiences. Using John Dewey's ideas from Art as Experience as a framework, the author uses aesthetic theory to show how such ends can be reached. In addition, he suggests six themes that teachers can draw upon to help students attain engaged learning experiences. The themes, which are elaborated upon fully in this article, include connections, active engagement, sensory experience, perceptivity, risk taking, and imagination. In addition to providing engaged learning, the upshot of providing aesthetic learning experiences is likely to include student satisfaction, an increase in perceptual knowledge, episodic memory retention, meaning making, and creativity and innovation.


The bending-shear resistance of steel cross-sections is covered in EN 1993-1-1 [1], taking presence of shear into account by a reduced yield stress for the shear area. An experimental investigation on bending-shear interaction of rolled HE280A beams in S235 and S355 was performed by means of 3-point bending tests. Two criteria were considered for the evaluation of the experimental results, being the load at which complete yielding of the cross-section occurred and the ultimate resistance, i.e. the top of the load-displacement curve. Experimental results complied with the design rule when the criterion of the ultimate resistance was chosen. Yielding as failure criterion generated unconservative results for shorter beams


The next generation expected to provide high data rate to handle the huge demand on new dataconsuming applications and services, Also the higher number of connected devices due to using new technologies such as internet of things (IoT) will make the challenge more difficult. New techniques must be used to face this challenges such as base station densification, use new high frequency bands, Machine to Machine (M2M) and Device to Device (D2D) communication. In heterogeneous multitier networks, D2D communication is used as underlay tier to enhance the system spectral efficiency and increase the data rate. This complicate the resource allocation process in this networks. Distributed algorithms is used to solve the resource allocation problems with low computational complexity. In this paper, the allocation problem is formulated to maximize the system data rate while confiding the cochannel interference resulted from the D2D underlay tier which share the same resources with the cellular users. Auction based algorithm is used to solve the proposed allocation problem in distributed manner with very low complexity compared to the centralized methods.


Abstract : A new set of parametric wavelets called Hermite-Rodriguez wavelets, and a new family of highly singular functions called hyperdistributions are introduced. Their introduction is motivated by the search for a consistent solution to the inverse problem in signals and systems analysis: the evaluation of the initial condition -or input- to a system given its final condition -or output- and its impulse response. We construct a novel mathematical framework for the search for a solution to the inverse problem, and apply it to a practical case: the inverse problem for blurring systems. Blurring systems are very common: they include telescopes and other optical systems, as well as satellite telecommunications, where the waveforms that transmit the relevant information have to travel long distances, and are partly scattered by molecules and ions in their path from the source to the observer. As a result, the waveforms that reach the observer are blurred. The goal is to recover the original waveforms. The mathematical equivalent for the solution to the inverse problem for blurring systems -in the case of gaussian blurring- is given. It consists in solving the antidiffusion equation, which is equivalent to solving the diffusion equation backwards in time, to determine the initial condition of the diffusive process, given the final condition. We apply this solution of the inverse problem to two practical cases: the reconstruction of blurred signals, and of blurred simulated astronomical images. We then extend these results to the more general case of non-gaussian blur.


The frozen disaster is a problem not to be ignored in geotechnique and engineering field.According to the balance of mass and energy,a nonlinear governing equation for the coupled problem of moisture-heat is estab-lished by considering the heat conduction,moisture and mass exchange,the heat and moisture gradient on the seepage.The temperature field and moisture field in the surrounding rock of Dabanshan tunnel in the cold region is numerically simulated,the law of moisture-heat coupling transfer in the rock tunnel is analyzed.The simulating result shows that the moisture transfer under frozen force and temperature gradient,it's velocity at the side wall is maximum;the frozen circle will be thinner when taking into account the moisture field and be much thinner if the seepage coefficient be increased,the moisture field influences the redistributing of temperature field greatly;The suitable heat preservation measures must be taken in order to reduce engineering damage under the frost and thaw condition in cold regions.The simulating result is similar to the current results and engineering experience.


With its high theoretical capacity (1165 mA h g−1), low reduction potential (−2.71 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode) and abundant resources in the earth's crust, a Na anode exhibits great potential in grid-scale energy storage systems and extensive application of electric vehicles. Nevertheless, its practical application is still hindered by its dendrite-related hazards, together with severe side reactions and infinite volume change during plating/stripping processes. Among various strategies, constructing a composite sodium anode stands out in virtue of its unique role in mitigating volume fluctuation, lowering the current density and providing numerous nucleation sites for homogeneous Na+ plating. Herein, current progress in making a composite sodium metal anode is reviewed in terms of carbon-based scaffolds, carbon-based interlayers, carbon-based current collectors, metal-based scaffolds and mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for practical applications. Finally, perspectives on its future development and important factors concerning its commercialization for high-energy-density sodium metal batteries are provided.


A neutron diffraction study was performed to study the spiral spin arrangement of RbCuCl3 as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We clearly observe that the spiral lengthens with increasing temperature up to TN = 19.3 K. A shortening of the spiral occurs when a magnetic field is applied within the plane of spin rotation. No change in the propagation vector is observed with the field applied perpendicular to the spin rotation plane. In addition we measured the temperature dependence of the magnetization and close to TN we determine critical exponents β = 0.238(4) and 0.26(1) at zero field and at 13.5 T, respectively.


The allocation of part of the UHF band to 4G and 5G services has generated the appearance of channel interferences over the digital terrestrial television frequency band. In order to reduce these interferences, this work presents a novel and efficient band-stop filter implemented using microstrip technology. The filter, designed with rectangular split-ring resonators etched in the ground plane, provides a cutoff frequency above channel 48 (694 MHz), a high roll-off rate of 44 dB in 56 MHz and a rejection bandwidth of 250 MHz that covers the upper UHF band occupied by 4G and 5G with rejection levels close to 35 dB. The filter is manufactured entirely over a printed circuit board without lumped elements to reduce production costs, fine tuning after the assembly stage and maintenance. Moreover, it presents a compact subwavelength size of only 0.07 λ × 0.17 λ to facilitate installation, whether at the input of the TV terminal or integrated with the balun at the rooftop antenna.


Urinary tract infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent infectious diseases requiring an antibiotic treatment. Since the recurrent exposure to antibiotics leads to the emergence of antibacterial resistance, alternative prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed.
The interaction of the bacterial lectin FimH with mannosylated glycoproteins on the surface of the bladder mucosa is the initial step triggering the infection. Biaryl α-D-mannopyranosides were identified as potent FimH antagonists preventing this first contact.
The present thesis describes the development of two biaryl mannosides, that are, the biphenyl mannoside bearing a para-carboxylate on the terminal ring of the aglycone and the 5-nitroindolinyl phenyl mannoside, towards drug-likeness. For this purpose, various approaches, such as the introduction of ester or phosphate prodrugs, the replacement of essential substituents with bioisosteres, the optimization of the substitution pattern, or the introduction of aromatic heterocycles, were explored. Several assays addressing the characterization of the physicochemical and in vitro pharmacokinetic properties, i.e. pKa, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, membrane permeability, plasma protein binding, chemical and metabolic stability, were implemented for the identification of the most successful strategies providing high oral bioavailability, metabolic stability, and sustained renal clearance as major route of drug elimination.
As a result of our thorough studies, two approaches proved most advantageous for the development of orally available FimH antagonists: first, the prodrug approach, i.e. the introduction of an alkyl promoiety masking the carboxylic acid substituent of the biphenyl mannoside or the creation of phosphate monoester prodrugs conferring high aqueous solubility, and second, the replacement of the carboxylic acid with bioisosteres providing optimal physicochemical properties for oral absorption and renal excretion.


BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common emotional response in humans and it is one of most common psychiatric illnesses. Interest in herbal drugs is growing nowadays for the optimum treatment of anxiety. The aim of the present study was to explore the anxiolytic effect of berberine chloride (BER). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Elevated plus maze model was used to know its anxiolytic effect and possible mechanism on acute administration in mice. Six groups of mice with six in each group were used. Group I served as control group; Group II received diazepam (0.5 mg/kg); and Groups III, IV, and V received BER in doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Group VI received BER 5 mg/kg after flumazenil 5 mg/kg. RESULTS: As compared to control, berberine chloride solution at all three doses 2.5 mg/kg (P < 0.01), 5 mg/kg (P < 0.01), and 10 mg/kg (P < 0.01) increased the total entries into open arms entries as well as total time spent in open arms. CONCLUSION: Anxiolytics effect of berberine is comparable to diazepam, likely to be mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid A – Cl− channel complex as effects of berberine were blocked by prior administration of flumazenil. Further studies are needed to identify the phytoconstituents of the berberine which mediated the observed anxiolytic effects.


Both neuroleptic and non‐neuroleptic medications are widely used to treat symptomatic behaviors in dementia patients. There is a substantial body of literature suggestig that neuroleptics are modestly effective in treating these symptoms, but the magnitude of their effect is limited. Non‐neuroleptic medications such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants have been advocated as useful in treating certain symptoms but have not been as well studied. This article critically reviews the published evidence for the effectiveness of selected non‐neuroleptic medications in treating behavioral symptoms in elderly dementia patiens, especially those with possible Alzheimer' disease. The medications reviewed include lithium, β‐adrenergic blockers, trazodone, carbamazepine, buspirone, I‐deprenyl, and serotonin uptake blockers, reflecting the point of view that pharmacological approaches to the problem of agitation in dementia have included a variety of psychotropic medications. Most of these medications were not tried specifically with Alzheimer' disease patients, however, but in patients with various organic mental syndromes. The literature consists almost entirely of clnical series and case reports, making interpretations of the efficacy of individual medications difficult. With the singular exception of the serotonin uptake blocker citalopram, the few placebo‐controlled studies are of small sample sizes, showing at best very modest efficacy for the study medication. Despite their widespread use, there is very little published empirical evidence for the effectiveness of these novel treatments for treating behavioral symptoms in elderly dementia patients.


The coexistence of neuronal degeneration, psychiatric manifestation, immune activation and malignant transformation has been documented in literature, suggesting a central dysfunction in the pathophysiology of these disorders. The isoprenoid pathway may be candidate in this respect, in view of the changes in the concentration of some products of this pathway in many of these disorders, however, no detailed study has been carried out in this respect. In view of this, a study was undertaken on the isoprenoid pathway in some of these disorders - primary generalized epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, manic depressive psychosis (MDP), CNS glioma, multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)and a familial group with familial coexistence of schizophrenia, PD, primary generalized epilepsy, malignant neoplasia, rheumatoid arthritis and syndrome-X over three generations. The following parameters were studied in the patients of these disorders as compared to age and sex matched control subjects - ubiquinone dolichol, digoxin, activity of HMG CoA reductase in the plasma and erthyorcyte membrane Na -K--ATpase. Increase in the activity of HMG CoA reductase and in the concentration of plasma digoxin and dolichol was observed in most of these cases. On the other hand, there was decrease in the concentration of plasma ubiquinone. Decrease in the activity of erythrocyte membrane Na-K- ATpase activity for which digoxin is an inhibitor was also observed in all the cases studied. These results indicate an upregulation of the isoprenoid pathway in the neurological and psychiatric disorders studied. The implications of this change is discussed in details.


Abstract Background Anterior nasal swabs (ANS) are established specimen collection methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection detection. While saliva (SA) specimens provide an alternative, few studies have comprehensively characterized the performance of SA specimens in longitudinal studies. Methods We compared SARS-CoV-2 detections between paired self-collected ANS and SA specimens from a household transmission study. Participants recorded symptoms and paired ANS and SA specimens daily for 14 days. Specimens were tested using RT-PCR. We calculated the proportion of detections identified by each specimen type among the detections from both types combined. We computed percent agreement and Kappa statistics to assess concordance in detections. We also computed estimates stratified by presence of symptoms and examined the influence of traditional and inactivating transport media on the performance of ANS. Results We examined 2535 self-collected paired specimens from 216 participants. Among 1238 (49%) paired specimens with detections by either specimen type, ANS identified 77.1% (954; 95% CI, 74.6% to 79.3%) and SA 81.9% (1014; 95% CI, 79.7% to 84.0%), with a difference of 4.9% (95% CI, 1.4% to 8.5%). Overall agreement was 80.0%, and Kappa was 0.6 (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.6). Nevertheless, the difference in the proportion of detections identified by ANS and SA using traditional and inactivating transport media was 32.5% (95% CI, 26.8% to 38.0%) and –9.5% (95% CI, −13.7% to –5.2%), respectively. Among participants who remained asymptomatic, the difference in detections between SA and ANS was 51.2% (95% CI, 31.8% to 66.0%) and 26.1% (95% CI, 0% to 48.5%) using traditional and inactivating media, respectively. Conclusions Self-collected saliva specimens provide a noninvasive alternative to nasal swabs, especially to those collected in traditional transport media, for longitudinal field studies that aim to detect both symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.


Image enhancement which is also called image pre-processing,can improve the visual quality of the whole and partial image,by transforming the image's data according to some special methods.The image enchancement based on histogram equalization and specification can improve the contrast details and the dynamic range of gray level of the image.The MATLAB experiments demonstrate that the image enchancement based on histogram equalization and specification actually make the image better in vision.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations of job insecurity with pay and incentive satisfaction and the role of overall justice in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The authors surveyed employees of an industrial equipment sales firm located in the Southeastern USA. Surveys were completed by 151 employees using instruments assessing job insecurity, overall justice, pay satisfaction, and incentive satisfaction. Findings – The study results indicated job insecurity is negatively related to both pay and incentive satisfaction. Further, the study found that overall justice mediated the job insecurity to pay satisfaction relationship, but not the job insecurity to incentive satisfaction relationship. Research limitations/implications – Because overall justice only explained the job insecurity-pay satisfaction relationship, future research should examine other potential mediators to better understand these disparate effects when compared with incentive satisfaction. Future...


In underground spaces, lack of daylight may produce disorders in the biological clock of workers and have many negative physiological and psychological effects. Besides the traditional means of illumination, new LED lighting technologies, which allow the dynamic changes of the lighting intensity and spectral composition of white light, provide means to support workers' daily rhythm with circadian lighting. The effects of lighting, however, are not only physiological, and there are several other factors related to lighting as a design task while the human experience of light is multifaceted. This paper illustrates the design problematics of lighting environment of underground workspaces through a case study project in Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. The paper proposes a holistic design framework for lighting, which supports occupational well-being in underground spaces, based on the results from the case study with realized intelligent lighting pilot environment where user experiences were evaluated with semi-structural interviews.


Let X be a locally compact space, m a Radon measure on X, h a regular Dirichlet form in L2(X,m). For a Radon measure µ we interpret h as a regular Dirichlet form in L2(m+µ). We show that µ decomposes as µr +µs where µr is coupled to h and µs decouples from h. Additionally to this 'space perturbation', a second perturbation is introduced by a measure describing absorption. The main object of the paper is to apply this setting to a study of the Wentzell boundary condition Au + n · aru + u = 0 on @ for an elliptic operator A = r · (ar), where R d is open, n the outward normal, and , are suitable functions. It turns out that the previous setting can be applied with µ = dS , = dS , under suitable conditions. Besides the description of the d-dimensional case we give a more detailed analysis of the one-dimensional case. As a further topic in the general setting we study the question whether mass conservation carries over from the unperturbed form h to the space perturbed form . In an appendix we extend a known closability criterion from the minimal to the maximal form.


Extracts of 11 medicinal plants were used to test the inhibitive effects on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.The study results show that the extracts of Coptis chinensis,Paris quadrifolia,Dryopteris setosa,and Stephania tetrandra had inhibitive effects on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.When the relative concentration of the extracts was at 1g/L,the range of the median lethal times LT50 was in the following order:Stephania tetrandra Paris quadrifolia Coptis chinensis Dryopteris setosa.In the experiment,the algal response to the relative concentration gradient was tested,all the algae died after 3 days when the relative concentration of Stephania tetrandra was at the level of 2g/L.The study results also indicate that the effects of inhibition were not changed markedly by the storage time and storage temperature.Stephania tetrandra showed the greatest inhibition on the growth of the algal species among the medical plants studied.Thus,Stephania tetrandra has the great potential in inhibiting algal outbreak.The other three medical plants tested in the study also showed moderate inhibitive impact on the algal growth,indicating that they are also valuable in control and management of algal populations.


Aim of this paper is to assess the empirically demographic differences among the customers regarding customer value in Life Insurance Corporation. It is a fact that life insurance players in J&K have realised that their business advantage depends on customer value. The study is based upon the primary data obtained from customers of LIC belonging to various districts of J&K through quota sampling. A questionnaire was framed containing items of demographics and statements measuring customer value based upon seven point Likert scale. The findings indicate that the demographic variables viz., age, qualification, occupation wise, there is no significant difference regarding customer value in the perception of customers of LIC. However, district wise respondents do differ in their opinion regarding customer value in Life Insurance Corporation.


This paper assesses the state of social science research specific to populations at risk vis-a-vis weather forecasting and warnings. At-risk populations are defined as groups historically disadvantaged by socioeconomic status; patterns of discrimination and exclusion, or both; a lack of political representation; or cultural distancing. These contexts marginalize some groups, leaving them less likely to receive, interpret, and respond appropriately to forecasts and warnings. We give an overview of key concepts from vulnerability research and suggest research topics emanating from the social science literature relevant to forecasting and warnings.


The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) is an earth science information repository that tracks research data on global climatic change. Building a directory of Earth science metadata that allows the exchange of metadata content among partner organizations is challenging because of the complex issues involved in supporting heterogeneous metadata schema, database schema, database implementation and platforms. This paper describes the design of the MD8 (Master Directory v8.0) which allows automated exchange of metadata content among earth science collaborators by implementing an asynchronous distributed transaction protocol. The system includes a Local Data Agent (LDA) for each partner that captures database updates and broadcasts them to other cooperating nodes through an Announcer program asynchronously. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. SAC 2001, Las Vegas, NV © 2001 ACM 1-58113-324-3/01/02...$5.00


Applications of swine waste on the soil promote changes in soil aggregation pathways and, consequently, in the chemical attributes of these aggregates. This study aimed to evaluated the effects of different sources and amounts of swine waste on the levels of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C and N levels of humic substances (HSs) of the biogenic and physicogenic aggregates in an Ultisol with a history of applications of swine waste for 10 years. Undisturbed soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, in the treatments without application of waste (CONTROL), with the application of pig slurry (PS) and deep litter (DL) at doses equivalent to one and two times the nitrogen recommendation for maize and oats (PS1X, PS2X, DL1X and DL2X, respectively). The aggregates were separated according to the biogenic and physicogenic formation pathways. Subsequently, TOC, TN, as well as C and N of HSs were quantified: humin (C-HUM/N-HUM), humic acids (C-HAF/N-HAF) and fulvic acids (C-FAF/N-FAF). The application of DL increased the total C and N levels of the aggregates and of the HSs. The continuous application of swine waste have increased TOC, TN, C-HUM, C-HAF, and N-HUM in the biogenic aggregates when compared to physicogenic ones.


The invention comprises an Nb-containing micro-alloyed high-carbon steel hot-rolled wire rod and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of hot-rolled wire rods. The hot-rolled wire rod comprises the components of, by mass: 0.83-1.00% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si, 0.6-0.9% of Mn, 0-0.50% of Cr, 0-0.15% of V, 0.01-0.20% of Nb, and balance of Fe. A converter is adopted; a double slag method is adopted; and high tensile carbon operation is adopted. Slag is blocked, and molten steel is tapped. Recarburization is carried out by using a low-nitrogen recarburizer. When steel is fetched from an LF refining station, an oxygen activity is controlled below 10ppm. In a refining final slag, a total amount of FeO and MnO is no higher than 3%. An inclusion modification treatment is carried out on a Ca-Si line. 160mm*160mm small billets are adopted. Terminal electromagnetic stirring is adopted in cooperation of a crystallizer. Full-protection and constant-pulling-speed casting is carried out by using a continuous casting machine. A reasonable secondary cooling system is adopted. An appropriate open rolling temperature is controlled, such that shrinkage cavity welding probability is increased. Pre-water-cooling and phase-transformation-strengthening cooling technology are applied for controlling tissue and performance. After aging, mechanical property tensile strength of the wire rod is higher than 1280MPa, and an area reduction is greater than 30%.


Rowing ergometers can be found in most gyms and fitness centers, but many people who use them regularly have little or no instruction in rowing technique. It is not known whether nonrowers who regularly practice ergometer rowing are at risk of musculoskeletal problems. This study was done to quantify the differences in kinematics, kinetics, and musculoskeletal loading of competitive rowers and nonrowers during ergometer rowing. An experiment was performed to collect kinematic, external force, and EMG data during er-gometer rowing by 5 university-level competitive rowers and 5 nonrowers. Kinematic and external force data were input to a 3-D whole-body musculo-skeletal model which was used to calculate net joint forces and moments, muscle forces, and joint contact forces. The results showed that competitive rowers and nonrowers are capable of rowing an ergometer with generally similar patterns of kinematics and kinetics; however, there are some potentially important differences in how they use their legs an...


Tuesday, November 12, 2019; noon to 1 p.m.; Room D1.602 "Intersex: Implications of Umbrella Terms in the Interest of Science". Jennifer Markusic Wimberly, M.D., Staff Physician - Community Medicine, Float Staff - Continuing Education, Vice Chair of Ethics, Institutional Ethics Committee, Parkland Health & Hospital System.


We consider homogeneous finite-state Markov chains with either a discrete or continuous time parameter, whose transition probability/intensity matrices' have tridiagonal form. Krafft and Schaefer (1993) derived formulae for the mean transition times in the discrete-time case. Earlier, different formulae have been derived by Blom (1989) in the particular case of the Ehrenfest urn model. For the latter model Palacios (1993) uses an electric network approach to derive a formula for the mean of a special passage time. The methods of all authors mentioned above are different and the structure of their formulae are different too. In this note we suggest another approach which works in both the discrete-time and continuous-time cases. This is based on Stefanov's (1991) results for finite-state Markov chains. Actually, we derive the same formulae as those given by Krafft and Schaefer (1993) in the discrete-time case, although we write them in a slightly different way. Moreover, we prove that the same formulae hold true in the continuous-time case too. One should just replace the transition probabilities by the respective transition intensities. This results in a unified approach. Consider a homogeneous (m+ I)-state Markov chain{X(t)}t~Owith either a discrete or continuous time parameter, defined on the probability space (Q, ~,P). Let r be a finite stopping time, i.e. P( r < + (0) == 1. It is well known that the Radom-Nikodym derivative of the measure generated by the trajectories of the process {X(t)}t~O up to the time r, with respect to a a-finite measure v, equals (see for example Stefanov (1991)):


DRUG dosages needed for optimal therapeutic effects differ widely among patients. The "usual dose" of most potent drugs accomplishes little in some persons, causes serious toxicity in others, and i...


Eastern Dharwar Craton in Narella area of Karimnagar district (India) is studied using GIS, remote sensing and planar fabric preserved in high grade metamorphic rocks and structural deformation in their associated igneous dykes and supracrustals. Two distinct phases of deformation characterized with F1 and F2 plunging folds have given rise to ENE-WSW and NNW-SSE aligned ridge and valley system often dislocated by strike slip faults. Structurally controlled drainage, vertical scarps, shattered residual hillocks point to a rejuvenated topography undergoing slow and steady transformation under accumulating stresses in the area. Such tectonically controlled features demand for a reappraisal of seismic hazard zonation assessment in the area.


The era of big data has brought big opportunities to network science, yet the study of network science is also facing big challenges of processing huge amount of data. Meanwhile, a new project outsourcing model, the crowd-sourcing model, has been widely applied recently to solving data related problems. This paper presents a brief introduction to the new driving forces of network science: big data and crowd-sourcing model. We also review the 2013 Alibaba data platform innovation competition as well as our award-winning work. We expect that driven by the crowd-sourcing model, data science, which deals with big data processing techniques, shall evolve together with network science into a prosperous future.


[1] Relationships between the vertical profile of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rates are investigated using 13 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations during 1998–2010. First the Radar Precipitation Features (RPFs) are defined by grouping raining areas detected by the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). Then the characteristics of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rate are calculated in each RPF using PR and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) observations. Using these RPFs, temperatures at 20, 30, and 40 dBZ radar echo tops, used as proxies of the maximum convective intensity of precipitation systems, are examined as indicators of the probability of lightning. Although 30 and 40 dBZ echo top temperatures are better indicators of the probability of lightning than the 20 dBZ echo top temperature, there is a large regional variation in the temperature thresholds, especially between land and ocean. In general, oceanic thunderstorms have higher 20 dBZ echo top and larger horizontal extent than those over land. However, radar reflectivity is more likely to exceed 30 and 40 dBZ at cold temperatures over land than over ocean. The correlations between flash rates and radar echo top temperatures, areas and volumes of radar reflectivity, and ice water contents in the mixed phase region are analyzed using RPFs with at least one flash. In agreement with previous studies, the correlations with the echo top temperatures are low, but the correlations between flash rates and areas and volumes of high radar reflectivity in the mixed phase region are much higher. There is a high correlation between the flash rates and the volumes with radar reflectivity greater than 30, 35, or 40 dBZ in the mixed phase region, but the correlation coefficient varies significantly between thunderstorms over different regions, especially between land and ocean. These results are confirmed by repeating the analysis for regions of the storms defined as convective, thus eliminating the contribution from large areas of stratiform radar echo that have much less lightning.


are concerned, the publication of Hammond's views in detail will do little to offset that disadvantage. Hammond's guiding principle would appear to be that the ancient evidence must only be jettisoned as an absolute last resort. As a corrective to the over-sceptical views of, say, Hignett, this is valuable, but Hammond takes it to excess, and is oblivious to the arguments that tell against the reliability of the evidence. Thus he objects to modern attempts to place the Lycurgan reforms in the seventh century because 'such a date flouts all the evidence of the ancient authorities'. Yet that evidence itself varies between a date in the tenth century (Herodotus, in so far as he associates Lycurgus with Leobotas), and one in the eighth century (association with the First Olympiad). His arguments on the chronology of Solon depend on the acceptance of the numerals in the Ath. Pol., when it is clear that numerals in the papyrus are unreliable. Others of Hammond's views result from a firm conviction that only one interpretation of the evidence is possible, and a resolute pursuance of that conviction. His claim that the constitution of the Delian League was bicameral, or his argument that the Ath. Pol's description of the polemarch as rjytfMov of the army means that he was its formal leader into battle, are examples of that tendency. But such criticisms do not detract from Hammond's achievement. Three large books (and more to come) and articles spanning the period from prehistory to the Hellenistic and Roman ages are witnesses to a prodigious span of interest and breadth of knowledge. We should be grateful to the Clarendon Press for letting us have this selection of his articles so conveniently collected together.


Many universities in China has adopted into application-oriented university transformation since the Chinese Ministry of Education promoted the policy of encouraging the reform between university teaching and industry production in 2015. Therefore, the influencing elements and reform effects are becoming the hot topics. The purpose of this research is to research and evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. In terms of research method, the coupling symbiosis theory in ecosystem is selected as intermediate variable, the government policy, industry participation and university adjustment are selected as independent variables, and the effectiveness and value chain influence are selected as dependent variables. The expected contribution of this research is to investigate the relationship between each variable and find out the key points in this transformation by sampling 647 universities and provide examples and suggestions to related groups.


Great Britain has had considerable experience in providing domestic service in homes where illness or childbirth has interfered with normal family life.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, other colony stimulating factor (CSF), cytokines, lymphokines, interleukins, hematopoietic growth factors or human interleukin-3, which is functionally administered in combination with IL-3 mutants ( hIL-3) it relates to variants or mutant proteins (muteins).


This paper enhances the hierarchical fuzzy model to deal with the classification problems by adopting evolutionary genetic algorithm (GA) with a modified artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Traditionally, fuzzy classifier could not provide a sufficiently high classification rate in higher feature dimension with few rules. In the literature, the genetic algorithm can take advantage from the global searching; moreover, the characteristic of ABC can enhance the local searching. Therefore, the hierarchical fuzzy model integrates GA with a modified ABC algorithm is constructed in this study to recognize some classification problems. The classification simulation includes three benchmark databases such as Glass, Wine, and Iris database. The result demonstrates that using evolutionary GA and modified ABC algorithm is beneficial than that without turning. Therefore, it is clearly that our methodology considers not only the global exploration but also the local exploitation.


The traditional metric of interpreting quality is a score given by human professional judges focusing on the interpreters' performance. However, there is a poor agreement on what constitutes an acceptable interpretation. This study investigates the objective assessment of interpreter trainees' performance. Two groups of 15 student interpreters were formed. Participants were assigned to groups at random, but with equal division between genders (seven males in each group). The control group was taught interpreting skills by the routine curriculum, while the experimental group spent part of the time instead on theoretical explanation and practical exercises emphasizing prosodic differences between Persian and English. Three raters assessed the quality of the interpreter trainees' performance in a post-test. Then the interpreting performance of the students was assessed objectively through Praat software. The results show that the intersubjective ratings of the students' interpreting performance can be adequately predicted from objective measures through multiple linear regression. These results have implications for designers of curricula for training interpreters, and material producers in interpreting education.


The article focuses on artist Artur Barrio, who will represent Brazil at the 54th Venice Biennale, and describes his works of art. A cited problem with the output of Barrio is that his experiments defy circulation and exhibition. Barrio considers his practice as forms of distance compromised by representation. He was part of a group of Brazilian artists when he attended the Escola de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the late 1960s. He describes his urban interventions as deflagration and he promoted a brand of protest art that approached anarchy.


Title: Young patients suffering from depression and their need for structure in their daily life. What knowledge and Date : 10.05.13 proficiency should a nurse possess in order to contribute to this? Participants: Ragnhild Granli, Live Hoff and Lene Rusten Supervisor: Hege Kletthagen


The alloy Al-3%Si,containing copper slice within itself,after 5-pass equal course-angle protrusion with A-passage at room-temperature was used to investigate the effect of ECAP on the microstructure of materials.The position change of copper slice was investigated by using the tracing method,the variation of brittle phase Si was observed with SEM and OM,and the material was analyzed with XRD.The result showed that after protrusion of five passes,the copper slice deflected to 45°and torsional deformation took place with itself,showing that,under shearing action,the torsional force would exist together with the variation of eutectic Si as follows:after first pass of protrusion,the eutectic Si would exhibit strip-shaped and distribute on the crystalline boundary;after the second,the strip-shaped eutectic Si would be broken into short bars and a portion of them would move off from the crystalline boundary;after the fourth,it would become blocks and distributed onto the matrix;and after the fifth,off-aggregation of the blocked eutectic Si took place,its average size changed from 10μm into 3μm,and there was obvious displacement in the direction perpendicular to the shearing.The diffraction peak intensity of the crystalline surface orientation(220)was gradually decreased while that of(111)crystalline surface obviously increased.The dominant orientation changed from(220)into(111)and the change of crystalline surface orientation(200)and(311)was unnoticeable.


The family Cecidomyiidae is one of the largest of the Diptera. Gall midges are small, inconspicuous flies, but they may be very important both in forest ecosystems and in agroecosystems. Many phytophagous gall midge species attack forest trees, and some of them can be serious pests, such as the Dasineura rozhkovii Mamaev and Nikolsky, which develops in bud galls of Larix sibirica Ledeb (Isaev et at 1988). More than 1,200 species in 125 genera are known to occur in the Nearctic Region (Stone et al. 1965), and about 2,200 species in 300 genera occur in the Palearctic Region (Skuhrava 1986). It has been estimated that the world fauna of gall midges includes four or five thousand species.


Abstract PURPOSE The removal of brain tumors requires not only imaging information such as MRI and navigation systems, but also a variety of other information such as neurological function and biological information. To integrate this information, a novel operating room, "Smart Cyber Operating Theater (SCOT)", which connects the medical devices in the operating room via a network has developed. In this SCOT, the intraoperative information is time-synchronized, recorded, and stored by the middleware "OPeLiNK". Clinical experience of brain tumor surgery using OPeLiNK in our institute is reported. Methods Brain tumor surgeries performed at SCOT, which had been started since July 2018, was enrolled. In all surgeries intraoperative information was integrated by OPeLiNK. Surgical procedure was discussed between main surgeon and supervising surgeon in the Strategy Desk through OPeLiNK intraoperatively, if necessary. Clinical and radiological data from patients who underwent resection at SCOT were analyzed retrospectively. Results Sixty patients were involved. Histopathological diagnosis was glioma in 29 patients, pituitary adenoma in 29 patients, acoustic tumor in 1 patient and intravascular lymphoma in 1 patient. Intraoperative discussion with Strategy Desk through OPeLiNK was useful for not only surgeons but also for medical staff in operation room. Advice for extent of resection and craniotomy from Strategy Desk was conducted by OPeLiNK using conversation and drawing. Intraoperative comment was useful for postoperative review. OPeLiNK, which display multiple intraoperative information, was also used at postoperative conference. Conclusion We have reported clinical experience with OPeLiNK for brain tumor surgery in our institute. OPeLiNK was useful for not only sharing intraoperative information with doctors outside the operation room but also postoperative review and education for young doctors.


Abstract Fermented milks including yogurt, three types of acidophilus milk, lactic buttermilk, Bulgarian buttermilk, and directly acidified milk were compared to unfermented milk in rat feeding trials to determine if they offered any nutritional advantage to healthy, growing rats. Fresh product was fed daily, and daily feed consumption and weekly weights were used to calculate mean weight gains and feed efficiency. Starter viability was maintained in all diets. In six different trials yogurt gave greater weight gains than uninoculated control and other fermented milks. Its feed efficiency ratio was greater than the control in low fat milks but not in full fat milks. Rats fed directly-acidified milk had less growth than rats on regular milk diets. Although additional vitamins stimulated growth in both yogurt and the control, the superiority of the yogurt was maintained. None of the other fermented milks gave improved growth or feed efficiency. Although Lactobacillus bulgaricus was frequently in the intestinal tract (small intestine, cecum, colon) during feed trials, it disappeared after 3 days when no longer fed. Streptococcus thermophilus never was isolated below the upper small intestine. Lactobacillus acidophilus was usually present and persisted when no longer in the diet.


Home care is now the expected model of care for children with complex needs. For the parents who assume the majority of the care for these children, the role requires extraordinary physical, emotional, social and financial resources (Murphy et al., 2007; Strunk, 2010). This special issue of Journal of Child Health Care recognizes the care provided by parents of children with complex needs, through research spanning more than a decade. The research includes parents of children with Down syndrome, life-limiting or -threatening conditions, physical, cognitive and learning disabilities, communicative disability, complex health needs and technology dependence. Six of the studies involve qualitative research with parents (mainly mothers), one study (Hewitt-Taylor, 2005) describes a survey of service providers and the systematic review (McCann et al., 2012) includes 32 studies involving parents caring for a child with complex needs. The parents describe their experiences of caring for their child with complex needs, the daily struggles and challenges, maintaining family life and relationships, the impact on siblings, the constant need for planning and the time demands – aspects of caring widely reported in research in this area. A key finding from the systematic review is the often considerable time commitment required by the parents, including time spent supervising or monitoring. The constant monitoring is highlighted by Nicholl (2015), with the mothers in that study literally needing to keep their child within sight at all times. Vigilance is also a key factor in parents of children with complex needs experiencing sleep deprivation and chronic exhaustion (McCann et al., 2015). But the parents also describe the positives associated with caring for a child with complex needs and how having the child as part of their family enriches all their lives – another theme common to research outside these studies. The qualitative studies originate from Ireland, England, Canada and Sweden. Despite the differences in health service provision between these countries, there are similarities in the parents' experiences that raise important questions regarding the support, or lack of support, that parents receive. Three studies (Avis and Reardon, 2008; Johnson et al., 2006; Whiting, 2013) include descriptions of parents having to battle or fight to obtain the supplies or services their child needs. This navigating of the system takes a substantial amount of time (McCann et al., 2012) compounded by the time and energy parents spend attending appointments and coordinating care for their child (Nicholl, 2015; Pelchat et al., 2003). Parents of children with complex needs cannot sustain the level of care required by their child if they do not receive regular breaks, with research highlighting the physical and mental health costs Journal of Child Health Care


Auditory contexts are recognized from mixtures of sounds from mobile users' everyday environments. We describe our implementation of auditory context recognition for mobile devices. In our system we use a set of support vector machine classifiers to implement the recognizer. Moreover, static and runtime resource consumption of the system are measured and reported.


A calculation was carried out to evaluate the capabilities of Secondary X-ray Imaging (SXI), applied to human angiography. A primary photon pencil beam is rastered through the human heart, in two directions perpendicular to the primary photon beam. The signal is generated by fluorescent photons from a contrast agent, registered by a wide angle detector. One result is clearer images and a reduction of shadowing by obstructions inside the body. Sharp imaging is compatible with locally quantitative measurements, and also with pixel by pixel elemental analysis. The detector need not be position sensitive. Most of the primary beam will be scattered before they reach the target, but unscattered primary beam remains well focused. To discriminate against scattered background, the photons have to pass through a position/momentum selector, a W - Hf absorber shield, and a time window. The calcualation gives the approximate energy spectrum for the scattered photons, for the photons passing through the position/momentum selector, and for those at thefar side of the absorber shield. The last two are evaluated for time windows between 1000 and 167 ps. The surviving background causes relative image intensity fluctuations of the order of a percent. The primary beam intensity required for SXI is comparable or less than the intensity needed for Iodine K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging, but for SXI the primary photon energy spread may be one or two orders higher than what is needed for KES. Therefore, the requirements on the primary photon source an be relaxed. With an undulator as source, monochromatization may not be needed. That would further reduce the cost of the photon source, which may be a small low energy electron ring.


The paper notes that after the formation of the Virgin Lands area in December 1960, the local health authorities faced a pressing issue of solving the problems of tuberculosis spread among the local population, as well as people resettled there. Tuberculosis, like other infectious diseases, was widespread in Kazakhstan. The establishment of tuberculosis dispensaries and the creation of fluorography and X-ray machines have provided an opportunity to expand preventive measures for the examination and detection of tuberculosis patients. The health authorities of the Virgin Lands area considered work in this direction as improving the quality of medical care. However, the quality of treatment was often reduced due to the facts that the treatment regimen was violated in several dispensaries, there were not enough specialists, control over the full and long-term treatment of tuberculosis patients was not imposed. The authors of the paper concluded that insufficient and not universal organization of medical care was one of the reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis among the population.


This study aims to extend the product portfolio management (PPM) practices to cover all lifecycle phases and product portfolio layers by the means of comprehensively analysing the current PPM literature and the relevant practices of ten case companies. The principal results of this study include designing ontologies for the potential new business process hierarchy and for new PPM process concept over product lifecycle phases and portfolio layers. The new PPM concept proposal has been discussed and validated within a case company focus group to acknowledge the obtained comments. The results of this study can help cross-functional management teams in creating and implementing a process management approach for active PPM practices.


The problem of the so-called 'intersection' between intellectual property and competition law - which will be dealt with mainly from the European perspective - is rooted in the apparent antinomy of the respective (direct) goals: fostering innovation through the attribution of exclusive/excluding rights on one hand, and preserving freedom of access to the market on the other. However, IPRs do not per se confer monopolies in economic sense, since they should typically allow the entrance of substitute products onto the market. Only in some circumstances is it possible for the market power enjoyed by IPR-holders to grow into a true foreclosure of third party competition, leading to a de facto monopolization. We argue that in such cases, not simply competition is hampered but also the dynamic process of innovation is at stake. Consequently, in such cases antitrust remedies should 'march in' to preserve the ultimate goals of both branches of law. In particular, focusing on the IT market(s), this paper will discuss whether and to what extent a right of access (typically in the form of a non-voluntary licence) to innovative 'creations' of information technologies protected by copyright or patents should be granted to third parties if the exercise of the excluding powers typically associated with IPRs would risk preventing those parties from operating as competitors on a related (downstream) market or even - more controversially - on the same market.


The use of Clebsch–Gordan‐type coupling coefficients for finite point groups is applied to the problem of constructing symmetrized N‐electron wave functions (configurations) for use by the Hartree–Fock SCF and CI methods of determining electronic wave functions for molecular systems. The configurations are eigenfunctions of electronic spin operators, and transform according to a particular irreducible representation of the relevant group of spatial operations which leave the Born–Oppenheimer Hamiltonian invariant. The method proposed for constructing the configurations involves a genealogical coupling procedure. It is particularly useful for studies of molecules which belong to a group which has multiply degenerate irreducible representations. The advantage of the method is that it results in configurations which are real linear combinations of determinants of real symmetry orbitals. This procedure for constructing configurations also allows for the identification of configurations which have no matrix el...


Objective:To appraise the value of diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction and the efficacy in differantiate acute from non acute cerebral infarction.MethodsThirty five patients with clinically diagnosed acute cerebral infarction were scanned with both conventional T 2WI and DWI.All the images were double bindly reviewed and compared.The abnormal high signal area of lesions seen on DWI were precisely located,and judged whether the avea of lesion seen in DWI was in agreement with the patient's symptoms and signs.The abnormal high signal seen on DWI was contrasted and observed with the images of FSE T 2WI.Results:Thirty five patients with clinically diagnosed acute cerebral infarction all showed abnormal high signal on DWI.Of the thirty five patients,three patients were scanned with MRI within six hours after the lesion came on,but the abnormal signal did not show on the conventional T 2WI.Tow patients were scanned within twelve hours after the lesion came on ,but it only showed slightly high signal in FSE T 2WI.Ten patients were scanned within twelve to twenty four hours after the lesions came on,the abnormal high signal demonstrated on both T 2WI and DWI.Twenty patients were scanned within twenty four to Seventy two hours after the lesion came on,and in eight patients FSE T 2WI demonstrated as multiple cerebral infarctions,which were proved to have only one abnormal high signal on DWI,The sensitivity and specificity of DWI in diagnosing acute cerebral infraction were both 100%Conclusion:[WT5"BZ]DWI is of higher sensitivity and specificity compared with T 2WI for diagnosing acute cerebral infarction and detecting early infarction lesions,which are difficult to be displayed on conventional T 2WI,and it can also differentiate acute from non acute cerebral infraction.DWI is of high accuracy and value in diagnosing acute cerebral infarction.


Abstract This investigation experimentally studied the penetration curve of particles that impact on a sintered stainless‐steel filter with various pore sizes, sampling flow rates and jet diameters. The penetration curves were compared to those with an aluminum foil substrate. Test data reveal that when the sintered stainless‐steel filter has larger pore sizes (100 µm or 40 µm), the particle penetration, P(%), is lower and the curve is less steep than that obtained from the aluminum foil substrate. The penetration curve of the sintered stainless‐steel filter with smaller pore size (5 µm) is close to that of the aluminum foil substrate. The dimensionless cutsize‐shift (the ratio of the dimensionless cutsize of sintered stainless‐steel filter to that of aluminum foil) falls as the pore sizes and the Reynolds number increase. Experimental data were then compared with theoretical results, and theory over‐predicted the dimensionless cutsize‐shift. Hence, a regression equation for the dimensionless cutsize‐shift is proposed by fitting the experimental data. The discrepancy between the experimental data and the regression prediction is within 4%. The regression equation can be used to predict the dimensionless cutsize for the size‐fractionated measurements of particles that impact on a sintered stainless‐steel filter with various sized pores and Reynolds numbers.


Objective: To determine the trends in burn admissions, and aetiology, severity and mortality of patients admitted to the Burns Intensive Care Unit of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from May 2009 to April 2016 (7 years). Methods: Patients' data used in this longitudinal and retrospective study were accessed from the records of the Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit. Processed data were depicted in tables and figures as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate analysis and Pearson's rank correlation were used in comparing relevant groups. Data analysis was conducted using Excel version 2013 and SPSS version 17.0. Results: A total of 681 patients, with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1.0, were analysed. The average annual incidence was 97.28 with a progressive decline in incidence. Mortality rate was 24.2%. Majority of the patients were children less than 10 years (43.5%) with scalds as the main aetiology in this group. Open flame was the major aetiology of burns (49.9%). Majority of the patients spent less than 10 days on admission (67.1%). Mean total body surface area was 30.54%. There was correlation between TBSA and disposition, total body surface area and aetiology and number of days in the Burns Intensive Care Unit, total body surface area and aetiology, and aetiology and number of days in the Burns Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions: Children below 10 years were the main victims. There was a shift from scald to open flame burns in this current study. Mean total body surface area and mortality rate have increased. There is urgent need for prevention campaign of flame burn and first aid education on intensive burns.


Optical data storage provides a remarkably inexpensive yet high-quality platform for the distribution of large amounts of digital data. This article describes the end-to-end process of this distribution. Detailed information on each major generation of optical storage including compact disk (CD), digital video disk (DVD), and BluRay disk (BD) is presented and the variations within each family are described. Finally, a summary of current research on fourth-generation optical storage is given.

Keywords:

optical data storage;
optical disk;
compact disk (CD);
digital video disk (DVD);
bluray disk (BD);
CD-ROM;
3-D optical data storage


This investigation focused on the differences in reported personal adjustment problems between freshmen students who made a congruent college major choice and students who made an incongruent choice. Personal adjustment was defined operationally with the Mooney Problem Checklist. Congruent and incongruent college major choice groups were defined operationally using the Vocational Preference Inventory. In the analysis of variance of the adjustment scores, the interaction term involving congruence of major choice and sex and the test for the main effect of sex were not significant. The test for the main effect of congruence was found to be significant. Subjects who had made a congruent college major choice reported fewer personal adjustment problems when compared to subjects in the incongruent group.


This paper examines Eagleton's assertion for revolutionary faith in opposition to the liberal humanism whose ignorance of faith in God yields a...


To investigate chromosomal aberration and HPV18 E6,HPV18 E7 proteins expression in human embryonic esophageal epithelial cells transfected with HPV18 DNA during immortalization and malignant transformation. The karyotype characteristics of immortalized cell line H5E973 with malignant inclination (part cells of its passage 61 showed malignant transformation) and tumor cell line LTPA both from human embryonic esophageal epithelial cell transfected with HPV18 DNA were analysed with G banding method of metaphase spreads. Immunohistochemistry method detected HPV18 E6 and HPV18 E7 proteins expression of the two cell lines. (1) Hypotriploidy was dominant in the two cell lines,and the modal number moved right slowly with the increase of passage in H5E973. Chromosome gain of 12,14,17,20 and loss of chromosome Y often occurred; (2)In the two cell lines,there was complex chromosomal structural aberration mainly relating to chromosomes1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,19 and 21; (3)HPV18 E6,HPV18 E7 proteins expression were positive in H5E973 passage 20,85 and LTPA passage 74,but was the strongest in H5E973 passage 85. [Conclusion] (1)Chromosomes of esophageal epithelial cells were greatly unstable and displayed complex numerical and structural aberration during immortalization and malignant transformation; (2)The expression elevation of HPV18 E6 and HPV18 E7 proteins seemed to be more conspicuous in transformation process from immortalization to malignance.