Genomic instability is a driving force in tumor development that can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, such as defective chromosome segregation or inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair pathway. Although B-cell lymphomas are associated with chromosomal translocations deregulating oncogene expression, a mechanism for genome-wide instability during lymphomagenesis has long not been described. We have reported that the somatic hypermutation process (SHM), which normally targets the immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) and BCL6 genes in germinal center (GC) B-cells, functions aberrantly in >50% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Pasqualucci et al., Nature412:341, 2001). As a consequence, multiple somatic mutations are introduced into the 5′ region of genes that do not represent physiologic SHM targets, including known proto-oncogenes such as PIM1, PAX5, RhoH/TTF and cMYC. To further define the extent of this phenomenon, termed aberrant somatic hypermutation (ASHM), and to identify additional hypermutated loci of possible pathogenetic significance in DLBCL, we screened 113 genes for the presence of mutations affecting their 5′ sequences (≥1.3 Kb from the transcription start site, the target region for SHM) in 10 DLBCL cell lines. Fifteen genes (13.3%) were found to harbor a significant number of mutations (p


The six papers in this special issue address various research challenges in the reliability-related areas including optimization, software reliability and measurements, network reliability, software quality, semisupervised learning, Bayesian approach, statistical anomaly detection, flooding attacks, genetic algorithms, multistate systems, system redundancy, service reliability, multiparadigm modeling, heuristic algorithms, and grid and distributed computing. The selected papers are briefly summarized.


A short-arc orbit technique was developed, and a very precise and efficient tool for regional orbit determination with a rigorous error budget is proposed for analyzing the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) and ERS 1 missions. The purpose is to be able to determine very accurately, in some conditions, the local orbit, with a very small error in the radial direction, using satellite laser ranging data. A precision at the level of 2 cm is obtained. With this it was possible to cross validate all the different orbit determination techniques as well as the results of the altimeter calibration, showing the great progress made with the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission. After that the T/P mean sea profiles were computed and improved with high accuracy, thanks also to the short-arc orbit technique. As a result, a combined mean sea surface using TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS 1 data has been computed with crossover difference techniques, the T/P mean sea profiles serving as reference. Fine structures of the mean sea surface have been evidenced. Using this combined mean sea surface, the ERS 1 altimeter calibration was performed over the Mediterranean, again using the short-arc orbit technique. The result is in good agreement with the previous ones (−41.6±7 cm). Finally, the T/P mean sea profiles were computed for different seasons and compared with a yearly averaged mean sea surface. Variations of about 15 cm are evidenced, associated notably with the thermal expansion between fall and winter. The short-arc orbit technique appears to be well suited for monitoring very accurately the temporal variability of the Mediterranean Sea at a subcentimetric level.


Clustering is one of the fundamental problems in data mining. Various objective functions, like k-means, k-median, k-mediod have been applied to solve clustering problems. While all these objectives are NP-Hard in the worst case, practitioners have found remarkable success in applying heuristics like Lloyd's algorithm for this problem. The following question then becomes important: what properties of real-world instances will enable us to design efficient algorithms and prove guarantees for finding the optimal clustering? We consider the case of multiplicative perturbation stability. Stable instances have an optimal solution that does not change when the distances are perturbed. This captures the notion that optimal solution is tolerant to measurement errors and uncertainty in the points. Semi-supervision allows us to have an oracle O which answers pairwise queries. We design efficient algorithms which solve problems of multiplicative perturbation stability using a noisy oracle model.


Introduction: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant tumor that is believed to arise from the olfactory epithelium in the vault of the nasal cavity. Neoangiogenesis plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and progression of malignant solid tumors and this process is controlled by angiogenic growth factors. A number of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been shown to be expressed in neuroblastic tumors. In hypoxic conditions, VEGF expression is regulated via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a and bcl-2. Activation of the VEGF receptors (VEGF-R1/R2) by VEGF promotes neoangiogenesis in various malignant tumors. Methods: Expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, and bcl-2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in a series of 19 olfactory neuroblastoma samples. Data were correlated with microvessel density, proliferative activity, and apoptosis in the specimens, and survival analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic value of the examined factors. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed robust expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, VEGF-R1/-R2, and bcl-2 in ONB. A significant positive correlation between the expression levels of VEGF and bcl-2 was found. Expression of both factors was associated with microvessel density of the tumors. Survival analysis did not reveal any prognostic significance for the tested factors. Conclusion: Expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, VEGF-R1/-R2, and bcl-2 may play a functional role in ONB pathogenesis. Our data suggest that bcl-2 regulates VEGF expression, and both factors may promote angiogenesis in ONB. Thus, these factors represent potential targets for antiangiogenic treatment strategies in the therapy of ONB.


The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been widely used in aircraft applications due to the motor advantages like high speed operation, simple construction, no windings on rotor. But high torque ripples and acoustic noise are main disadvantages. The current hysteresis chopping control is one of the important control methods for SRM drives. These disadvantages can be limited using the hysteresis or chopping current control. This control strategy makes the torque of SRM maintained within a set of hysteresis bands by applying suitable source voltage. This paper introduces two hysteresis control modes; hard chopping and soft chopping mode. The SRM drive system is modeled in Simulink model using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v4i3.6210


Combined with one tunnel works and based upon analysis of requirements on breakthrough survey the estimation of breakthrough error is summarized,at the same time outside control survey and inside control survey are studied,in order to receive good effect in control survey of tunnel,which accumulate good experiences for control survey of long tunnel.


Subjective halitosis is a chronic disorder and cannot ea sily be identified or measured by objective methods. The patients complaining with subjective halitosis usually refer to dentists, yet they reject to psychiatric consultations. One of its cause is Olfactory Reference Syndrome (ORS) which can be of anxiety, obsessional or delusional. ORS patients usually refer to others' behaviors; people's closing their mouth, coughing and touching their nose, opening window, turning faces to another side to protect themselves all give signs as to emitting malodor which patients misinterpret. This paper reports a 23-old female who suffers from halitosis since 3 years which is diagnosed as ORS and treaed with Clomipramine.


This paper presents the system level considerations and analysis of an ultra-low power RadioFrequency (RF) front-end. A completed mathematical model is derived based on system, circuit and technology parameters to prove the validity of choosing high frequency bands with gigabits per second data rate and simple modulation scheme, e.g. 60 GHz with 1-Gbps data rate and On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation to achieve ultra-low energy per bit. Beamsteering technique is proposed to achieve the minimum power optimization and improve the communication quality, too. Index Terms — 60 GHz, Ebit, Ultra-Low Power, OOK, Beamsteering.


A brief review of the discussion by Australian regulatory reform agencies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) about the overregulation and the disincentive for people to become directors due to the potential liability and the lack of general defences, is presented. The existing economic environment naturally places all directors under greater pressure for accountability.


Objective To forecast the epidemic situation of scarlet fever in China by using the theory of Zeng-Ding phenomenon,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the scarlet fever outbreak.Methods The incidence data of scarlet fever from 1987-2011 in China were analyzed,with the extrapolation model constructed to predict the scarlet fever in 2012.Results Correlation analysis showed the coefficient was negative(R=0.33,P=0.05) between the monthly cumulative percentage and predictive ratio of increase to decrease in incidence rate at the best cut-off point.The model prediction was good,and the accordance rate was 71% by comparing with the actual line.It is propted that the epidemic of scarlet fever in 2012 would show a downward trend.Conclusions Based on Zeng-Ding phenomenon,the trend of next year could be predicted by using the incidence data of scarlet in the previous year to provide a theoretical evidence for prevention and control of scarlet fever.


The Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) was not designed to illuminate the sexually dimorphic mental mechanisms posited by evolutionary theories. Its results are therefore open to competing interpretations. Measures designed to tap the thought processes surrounding sexual experience generate findings that are more compatible with evolutionary than with social structural theory.


Interest in spin effects has been growing recently due to their possible applications in spin based electronics and as means of information storage in quantum computing. Consequently, relaxation and decoherence of confined spins are intensely researched. The case of an electron confined in a quantum dot (QD) has been thoroughly studied theoretically, including phonon-assisted processes [1, 2], while exciton spin has been experimentally investigated [3], but only some decay channels have been examined theoretically. Three relevant phonon-assisted processes have been identified so far. One is a transition to dark states due to carrier–phonon interactions and the spin–orbit coupling [4]. The other two include a transition between bright states [5] and a transition to dark states [6, 7] and are caused by the interplay of the Bir–Pikus Hamiltonian and the short-range exchange interaction. In this paper, we study the processes resulting from the interplay of the Bir–Pikus Hamiltonian and the short-range exchange interaction. Apart from


Music spectrograms typically have many structural regularities that can be exploited to help solve the problem of decomposing a given spectrogram into distinct musically meaningful components. In this paper, we introduce new variants of the non-negative matrix factorization concept that incorporate music-specific constraints.


Since wind power has been extensively connected to the grid,voltage stability problems gradually appear.This paper introduces the online voltage stability pre-warning system based on power quality management system for the local grid.The system,on the basis of the integration of multi-source,provides real-time stability target value and pre-warning information of the local grid and automatically reports the area with weak stability.Practice proves that this system meets the needs of the normal running of power network.


The invention relates to a file index storage method. The file index storage method includes following steps: when receiving a data block index of a file, to be stored, judging whether an index master record corresponding to the file is associated with an extension record; when judging out that the index master record is not associated with the extension record, establishing a plurality of extension records associated with the index master record if the length of a data segment of the index master record reaches a preset threshold value; storing a data block index stored in the data segment and the data block index to be stored in the corresponding extension record. The invention further provides a file index storage device. The file index storage method and the file index storage device can improve storage efficiency and access performance of a file index.


Hierarchical copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures (NSs) with caterpillar-like morphologies were facilely integrated onto a highly flexible conductive woven textile substrate (CWTs) by a drop-casting approach. Initially, the CuO NSs were synthesized via a simple and green wet-chemical method in 30 min and the obtained colloidal solution of CuO was easily dropped onto well-cleaned CWTs. By virtue of their interesting structural features, the caterpillar-like CuO NSs on CWTs were employed as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors and their electrochemical properties were investigated in 1 M KOH solution. Additionally, a small portion of redox-additive potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) was added to the 1 M KOH solution, which led to efficient enhancement of energy storage performance with superior cycling stability for the caterpillar-like CuO NSs on CWTs. Furthermore, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (SC) with CuO NSs on CWTs and activated carbon with an operating potential window of 1.5 V simultaneously exhibited excellent energy density and power density values. Such a simple and low-cost approach to easily construct metal oxide nanomaterials on flexible textiles with redox-additive electrolyte may be useful for several potential applications in high-performance energy storage devices.


Zika virus is named for the Zika Forest in Uganda and was first discovered in 1947 in primates. The first human cases of Zika virus infection were detected in 1952. From about 1960–1980, human infections occurred across Asia and Africa, although infections were typically mild with limited symptoms. The first major human outbreak occurred in Micronesia in 2007. Zika was linked to a neurological disorder (Guillain-Barre syndrome, or GBS) during a 2013–2014 outbreak in French Polynesia. In May 2015, the first human cases were reported in Brazil and a link to GBS was also reported. Other symptoms of Zika infection include rash, fever, conjunctivitis and joint pain. Only approximately 20% of infected individuals experience clinical symptoms (http://www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/symptoms.html). Brazil reported an association between Zika viral infections and microcephaly in October 2015. Microcephaly is a disorder in which the head of a newborn child is disproportionally small relative to the body. It may result from a variety of chromosomal and environmental causes, including drug, alcohol, or radiation exposure and prenatal infections (rubella, herpes simplex, and likely Zika virus) (Merck Manual, 2016). As of August 3, 2016, evidence of mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in 68 countries and territories and 14 countries or territories have reported microcephaly and other central nervous system (CNS) malformations associated with Zika virus.


This industial tugstic acid is treated with ammonia yielding ammonium tungstate solution(NH_4)_2WO_4, which is evaporated to get the resulting materials called ammonium paratungstate-APT. The first evaporated ammonium paratungstate is thermal decomposed, which will change the feature that does not solute in the ammonium. The resulting materials are treated with the ammonium again and finally evaporated. Repeating it once or twice, we will get the highly-purified yellow tungsten oxide(WO_3).


The bulk of the English county health authorities, 30 out of the total 50, recorded the registration of 21-40% of the eligible children ; in seven counties 41-50% were registered, the highest figures being those returned by the Soke of Peterborough (50%), North Riding of Yorkshire (49%), and Northumberland (48%). Three counties registered 11-20% of those eligible, and ten counties 10% or under. The lowest were Worcester (1%), Somerset (3%), the Kesteven division of Lincolnshire (4%), Nottingham (6%), and Berkshire and Shropshire (each 7%). London's figure is 31%. In the English county boroughs 47 out of the 77 making returns recorded registration rates of 21-40%; five rates of 41-50%; and one, Exeter, a rate of 52%, the highest in England. The other high rRte was from York (50%). At the other end of the scale, eleven boroughs had rates of 11-20%, and 13 of 10% or under. The lowest rates were recorded by Bootle (1%), Birkenhead and Smethwick (each 2%), Sunderland (3%), South Shields and Worcester (each 4%), Portsmouth (5%), Dudley, Southport, and Wallasey (each 6%/), and Bath (7%). Wales shows, on average, a higher registTation rate than England. Eleven of the 17 local health authorities had rates of 31-50%, and two higher, Carmarthen 55% and Glamorgan 52%. The next highest rates were from Cardiff (50%), Cardigan (48%), and Pembroke (47%). The lowest rates from Wales-but well above the English experience -were those from Anglesey and Flint (each 16%) and Caernarvon (19%). Scotland had the highest percentage registration of all. Of the 31 county health authorities only two (Caithness 13% and Renfrew 15%) had returns of less than 20%, and only four others in the range 21-30%. Eighteen Scottish counties registered 51-80% of those eligible, and four exceeded this figure-namely, Midlothian (91%), Sutherland (88.5%), Peebles (83.9%), and Banff (83.7%). The average for the Scottish county authorities is 57%. The 24 large burghs in Scotland, with an average of 28.6%, approximate closely to the figure for the whole of England and Wales (29%). Here the highest figures were from Dunfermline (76%), Ayr (70%), Arbroath (68%), and Hamilton (63.6%). The lowest returns were from Clydebank (3.3%), Kirkcaldy (4.5%), Port Glasgow (7%), Dumbarton (12%), and Aberdeen (15%). Acceptances from Edinburgh and Glasgow were 37.4% and 19.6% respectively.


This project investigated the use of two types of thermoplastic pipes, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Poly-vinyl Chloride (PVC), as cross-drains under highways. Pipes ranging from 0.3 m (12 in.) to 1.5 m (60 in.) in diameter were evaluated under deep fills, minimum cover, and construction loads. In addition to a comprehensive literature review, an analytical study into the allowable fill heights for thermoplastic pipes and a field study to observe the installation and performance of the pipe in service conditions were conducted. Based on the study findings, recommendations regarding how and when thermoplastic pipe should be installed are provided.


Using a task network computer simulation previously developed by the U.S. Army to investigate workload conditions in a command and control center, this project developed new methodologies to use computer simulations to predict conditions for optimal human performance. By using an experimental design to interrogate the model to see what the decision makers in the work team deemed to be important, predictions were made about how the work domain could be optimized for the most efficient human performance. An augmented fractional-factorial design was developed that allowed an analysis of the main effect for each independent variable along with predictions of higher order components that might exist in each main effect. A major study finding was the extent to which battalion commanders focused their attention on establishing and maintaining situational awareness during combat operations and the need to present information to the commander in a way that supported rather than detracted from situation understanding.


Background and Study Aim: Taekwondo is a martial art of high intensity with rapid and repeated blows that require a rapid energy demand. Supplementation of vitamin B6 can be used aiding the release of glucose and its acute effects on fighters are still scarce. The aim of this study was knowledge about the effect of supplementation with vitamin B6 in the performance of athletes during the taekwondo kicks bandal tchagui protocol. Material and Methods: In this study were included five taekwondo athletes, and they received vitamin B6 or placebo. After 30 minutes, these athletes passed by a protocol of kicks bandal tchagui comprising two rounds with 1 minute. We analyzed the amount of kicks, minute ventilation, blood glucose levels and cardiovascular responses. Results are expressed as mean and standard deviation. We used the Student t-test for independent samples, considering a significant difference when p<0.05. Results: There was an increase of kicks (15 kicks, ~6%) in the minute ventilation (9.6 ml/kg/min, ~9%) and blood glucose (16 mg/dL, ~15%) supplemented with the situation vitamin B6. Conclusions: The data from this study suggest that vitamin B6 might be assisting in both the performance of athletes of taekwondo and the availability of glucose for energy compensation for the year, and thus aid in performance.


This paper covers the design and development processes of a prototype for an audiotactile installation with the aim of enhancing the music experience of hearing impaired people. The prototype consists of a wooden structure with cantilevered beams globally excited with two tactile transducers, so that people lying on the prototype can feel different vibrating bars at different positions of their body. The installation was designed as a first prototype for an exhibition in the Museum of Art and History of Geneva, Switzer-land. In order to optimize the music perception through vibration sensing, the frequency response of the prototype was designed using numerical simulation. Once the prototype was built, vibration measurements were performed in order to assess its behaviour. A perception test with participants was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the structure. The evaluation shown that the music experience was enhanced in the participants, a well as significant body distribution-dependency in the frequency response of the structure vibration.


The internal arcing faults in the metal-enclosed switchgear may cause serious damage to the equipment and fatal injury to personnel. To simulate the fault arcs based on appropriate calculation methods can not only shorten the development period of arc resistant switchgear, but also save the development cost. The mathematical model to simulate and compute the pressure rise due to the internal arcing fault is described in this paper. The effects on pressure rise resulting from some factors such as fault currents and the size of pressure release vents are investigated via a test model and tests. The results of computation and of measurement during the tests are compared and agreed well. Therefore, this simulation software is helpful to the design of new arc-resistant switchgears. For instance, if the mechanical strength of an enclosure is known by test or by calculation using FEM software such as ANSYS, then the minimum area of the pressure relief vent or the maximum fault current which the enclosure could withstand can be achieved by using our simulation software with short calculation time. The method is also described in this paper.


An optical system has been interfaced to a commercial Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer to facilitate laser microprobe mass spectrometry. The system allows a 266‐nm laser beam to be focused and directed onto a specimen surface near an ICR trap plate. Reflected light is used to view the specimen in a reflected light microscope mode. Spatial resolution of the reflected light microscope, and laser microprobe spot diameter are 5–8 μm and are limited by the working distance of the objective lens. A novel specimen translation mechanism was constructed which overcomes difficulties associated with positioning a specimen in a high magnetic field. An interface system based on an IBM PC‐AT was developed to coordinate experimental sequences between the ICR and laser.


on 45 predictor variables that are related to delinquency. These variables are measures of five types of neighborhood conditions-disrupted families, socioeconomic squalor, socioeconomic contrasts, density of the late teen-age population, and concentration of underprivileged minority groups. NYU's new IBM 7090 computer is being programmed to find out how each factor-and every combination of the 45 factors-contributed to delinquency in New York City neighborhoods in 1950, 1958, and 1960. This part of the study alone will be


This study was aimed at the numerical and experimental modeling of water flow during collision between water and vertical screw turbine blades with different cross sections (i.e. Darrieus, spoon, and airfoil). ANSYS Fluent was used to model water flow under tidal currents in a flume, and mesh independence was ensured after the selection of appropriate geometry. The collision problem was then solved in the transient state, and results on the momentum and power generated by different inlet velocities and different blade cross sections were analyzed. The findings showed that torque and turbine power increased with increasing inlet velocity. Subsequently, a turbine was experimentally created, with cross sections drawn in the numerical model and tested under the same conditions as that imposed on the model. Installing a multimeter on the turbine enabled the generation of turbine power in different dimensions. The resultant power increased with rising turbine dimensions. After obtaining the numerical and experimental results, the value of the output power of the turbine was validated. The validation indicated a 7% difference in output power between the numerical and experimental results, indicating acceptable accuracy.


A technology demonstration of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) was aimed to improve the production after bringing new variety in to cultivation in Vijayapur district of Karnataka. Studies were carried out to assess yield and economics of a new variety, TS-3R at the farmer's field under cluster front line demonstration (CFLD) for two years (2018-19 to 2019-20). Among two varieties TS-3R recorded significantly higher yield (11.91 q ha-1) as compared to local variety Gulyal (9.33 q ha-1). Similar trend was observed for growth and yield parameters. The highest gross returns and BC ratio of Rs. 88308.5 ha-1 and 3.42, respectively were realized with TS-3R variety as compared with local variety Gulyal.


With the development of mobile communication technologies and the popularity of relating devices, GSM network-based intelligent systems have been used more and more widely. Most existing intelligent systems have built on mobile platforms, but those systems don't provide any facility that could save time and energy. But people suffer from lack of time and energy to buy essential needs like medicine, etc. and they like to communicate to the supplier to get confirmation instantly before leaving home or office to collect the same. So, in society, it needs to give alignment without going on field. This chapter copes this problem using wireless database searching scheme using GSM technology, which is very useful in smart cities, where cell phone is an essential part of living. The system receives information from outsiders and customers through GSM modem database searches of all the suppliers connected in a common server and sends the result through short messages independently to the customer showing the availability.


EDITORS, Ethnicity, age, gender, dietary patterns (vegetarian/eggetarian/non‐ vegetarian) and lifestyle(s) (tobacco usage/active or passive cigarette smoking/tobacco consumption; alcohol/substance abuse) are emerging as significant predictors of gastrointestinal/hepatic malignancies, mor‐ bidities and mortalities in ethnically disparate susceptible populations worldwide with substantial financial burden in patients of differential socioeconomic strata.1,2 The recently published article by Heydari et al in GastroHep provides critical research insights in cost‐effective man‐ agement of Gilbert's syndrome in 'at‐risk' genetically susceptible pop‐ ulation.1 This well‐designed cohort‐based study had stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria with 176 unrelated infant and children ≤12 years old receiving Ceftriaxone for ≥7 days; adherence to ethical clinical re‐ search with written informed consent of eligible participants added to overall study quality with appreciable sample size/statistical power (≥80%). Moreover, accurate biochemical, genetic analyses with sophis‐ ticated bidirectional Sanger‐based sequencing of promoter and exon1 regions of UGT1A1 gene and robust, bias‐free statistical data analyses with relevant adjustments of confounders led to meaningful, technically sound, error‐free results with definitive conclusions. The findings revealed that 80 participants (45.5%) were female and the remaining (n = 96; 54.5%) were male, with 16.5% partici‐ pants presenting with abnormal gall bladder conditions after receiv‐ ing Ceftriaxone; precise biotransformation enzymatic sequelae in gender‐based subgroup stratification should be further explored by investigating genetic variants in UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferse/iso‐ forms with subsequent immunodiagnostic imaging‐based magnetic resonance/computed tomography modalities in subsets with signif‐ icant Ceftriaxone‐related adverse effects/toxicity. In patients with TA7/7, and Gly71Arg (G/A) genotype (ie Gilbert's syndrome) preva‐ lence of biliary sludge and stone was significantly higher than controls (P = 0.008 and 0.05 respectively); however, TA7/7 genotype played significant role in increasing relative risk (3.3 time's normal population), suggesting that aberrant UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase (ie Gilbert's syndrome) had a pivotal role in drug adverse effects. Allosteric en‐ zyme subunit(s)‐based co‐operativity pharmacokinetic/pharmcody‐ namic‐modelling coupled with biomarker‐based pharmacogenetic/ genomic research would certainly strengthen our current understand‐ ing of the pharmacological basis of Ceftriaxone in genetically heterog‐ enous patient population subsets with adverse drug‐related toxicities. Future multicentric, pharmacogenetic studies with metabolomics and cell‐based assays would provide further clinical insights in cost‐effec‐ tive management of Gilbert's syndrome globally for eventual design of clinically validated predictive biomarkers and safe, patient‐friendly Ceftriaxone drug‐dose treatment protocols/regimens with significant reduction in drug‐related adverse effects (biliary and renal stones or sludge). Moreover, genetic variants in interrelated metabolic/bio‐ chemical signalling cascades/molecular regulatory networks including Toll‐like receptors/Wnt‐Frizzled/Autophagy‐Microtubule Associated Light Chain Protein (I/II)/Ceramide/Sphingolipids/Necrosis/High Mobility Group Box‐1/ Apoptosis/Transforming Growth Factor/Smad, etc may be investigated in pooled multiethnic study cohorts in robust, multicentric epidemiological genetic association studies for precisely dissecting the intermediary lipid mediators in Gilbert's syndrome.


Had it not been for chemistry in science we may have still may deprived of many products around us used in everyday life. Research in the field of chemistry has made us aware of electrons, radio activity, atomic theory and so on. Most of the significant invention in chemistry, which are resultants of a chemical reactions are finally some kind of chemical substance. Securing these data is of high importance. Several techniques are used for this purpose DNA steganography is promising due to its high storage capacity. In this paper we propose encryption of chemical compounds using DNA steganography with graph domination as a tool for encryption.


ABSTRACT In the competitive Higher Education environment, it is no longer sufficient for special collections to rely on the "uniqueness" of a collection as its unique selling point—it must be supported by a service and strategic plan that is both proactive in anticipating the demands of future researchers and responsive to current researchers' changing needs. Edinburgh University's Centre for Research Collections (CRC) is addressing this challenge for the first time in a coordinated manner, employing a suite of research methods that allow staff to take an evidence based approach to service development and strategic planning. These include ethnographic observation, structured surveys, object-based learning initiatives, comprehensive data interrogation, and active engagement with the University's academic schools. This article examines how these approaches have been utilized in the development of CRC services, and its benefit to long-term planning.


For single-phase grounding on the load side of 380 V PC bus in a 1 000 MW unit of power plant,burnout accident of potential transformer(PT) occurs.It is found after a detailed analysis of the accident that the grounding ways of LV auxiliary power system are different for 1 000 MW,and 600 MW or 300 MW unit,where the former applies small current grounding system via resistance grounding,while the latter generally adopts large current system via direct grounding.Therefore,the PT burnout accident is caused by improper selection of equipment,and equipment selection of large capacity unit should depend on actual situation.


Aimed at the problem that the present potato digger has the large operating resistance and the digging shovel's lower ability of separating potatos from soil,the fence-like digging shovel was designed.The operating resistance was selected as experimental target,with three-factor quadric orthogonal regression composite experimental design,the length of the shovel,the distance between fence and fence,the shovel face angle was obtained.The optimum parameters when operating resistance of digging shovel was minimum was obtained as follows,the length of the shovel was 48.13 cm,the distance between fence and fence was 5.37 cm,the shovel face angle was 30.3 °.The important order of the parameters influencing the operating resistance was as follows,the shovel face angle,the length of the shovel and the distance between fence and fence.


We consider a stabilization problem for a coupled wave equations on an exterior of bounded domain with interior stabilization. Under a geometrical control condition (BLR condition ), for any initial data in the energy space, we show a result of exponential stability in odd dimensional case and polynomial stability in the case of even dimension.


Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common oncological disease in women in the world. The aim of study is to investigate the frequencies of mutations in BRCA1 5382insC (rs80357906), CHEK2 1100delC (rs555607708) and BLM c.1642 C>T (rs200389141) genes and their relationship with the phenotypic features of BC in 104 young age women.
Materials and methods. We studied 104 young age women with breast cancer. Typing of mutations BRCA1 5382insC, CHEK2 1100delC and BLM c.1642 C>T genes were performed by real-time PCR followed by melting analysis.
Results. The BRCA1 5382insC mutation was detected in 9.6% of BC patients. The BRCA1 5382insC mutation was correlated with the lack of expression of estrogen receptors (χ2 = 18.48, d(f) = 1, p < 0.0001), the HER2/neo tumor receptor (χ2 = 5.61, d(f) = 1, p < 0.02). The BRCA1 5382insC mutation was more often in the "triple negative" BC (χ2 = 17.42, d(f) = 3, p < 0.001). Luminal A subtype of disease was observed the predominantly in non-carriers of the mutation BRCA1 5382insC (sporadic breast cancer). The founder mutations in the CHEK2 1100delC and BLM c.1642 C>T genes were absent in young age women with BC.
Conclusion. Our results confirm the high significance of detecting the BRCA1 rs80357906 mutation in young age women with BC for optimization of treatment tactic and for early diagnosis of BC.


1 C‐protein is a major component of muscle thick filaments whose function is unknown. We have examined for the first time the role of the regulatory binding domain of C‐protein in modulating contraction and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in intact cardiac myocytes. 2 Rat ventricular myocytes were reversibly permeabilised with the pore‐forming toxin streptolysin O. Myosin S2 (which binds to the regulatory domain of C‐protein) was introduced into cells during permeabilisation to compete with the endogenous C‐protein‐thick filament interaction. 3 Introduction of S2 into myocytes increased contractility by ∼30%, significantly lengthened the time to peak of the contraction and the time to half‐relaxation, but had no effect on [Ca2+]i transient amplitude. 4 Our data are consistent with increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity when there is reduced binding of C‐protein to myosin near the head‐tail junction. 5 We propose that the effects of introducing S2 into intact cardiac cells can be equated with the consequences of selectively phosphorylating C‐protein in vivo, and that the regulation of contraction by C‐protein is mediated by the effects of crossbridge cycling on the Ca2+ affinity of troponin C.


In this research, we studied the performance of a wide variety of wheat ecotypes in arid and semiarid environments region of Iran. To evaluate the performance of the wheat we studied variables including changes in dry weight of stem, leaves, spike and dry matter remobilization from these organs as well as grain yield and harvest index. We evaluated the responses of sink and source to several treatment methodologies. The performance of the photosynthesis transport mechanism before and after treatments for two core categories in wheat genotypes were studied. To further evaluate performance we analyzed the water-soluble and alcohol-soluble carbohydrate volume in the stem with two methodologies. The results showed significant relationships between increasing severity of drought stress and a decrease in grain yield for various genotypes and an increase in sink limitation. Moreover, dry matter remobilization also decreased to a greater extent. Additionally, the results show that in an arid environment drought stress causes the transportation mechanism to malfunction. Outcomes show that under drought stress grain yield will be more confined and therefore the soluble carbohydrate will reside and accumulate in the stem and transpiration to spikes will be slowed down dramatically.


The neuropeptides kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1) and RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (also known as GnIH; encoded by Rfrp) are potent stimulators and inhibitors, respectively, of reproduction. Whether kisspeptin or RFRP‐3 might act directly on each other's neuronal populations to indirectly modulate reproductive status is unknown. To examine possible interconnectivity of the kisspeptin and RFRP‐3 systems, we performed double‐label in situ hybridisation (ISH) for the RFRP‐3 receptors, Gpr147 and Gpr74, in hypothalamic Kiss1 neurones of adult male and female mice, as well as double‐label ISH for the kisspeptin receptor, Kiss1r, in Rfrp‐expressing neurones of the hypothalamic dorsal‐medial nucleus (DMN). Only a very small proportion (5‐10%) of Kiss1 neurones of the anteroventral periventricular region expressed Gpr147 or Gpr74 in either sex, whereas higher co‐expression (approximately 25%) existed in Kiss1 neurones in the arcuate nucleus. Thus, RFRP‐3 could signal to a small, primarily arcuate, subset of Kiss1 neurones, a conclusion supported by the finding of approximately 35% of arcuate kisspeptin cells receiving RFRP‐3‐immunoreactive fibre contacts. By contrast to the former situation, no Rfrp neurones co‐expressed Kiss1r in either sex, and Tacr3, the receptor for neurokinin B (NKB; a neuropeptide co‐expressed with arcuate kisspeptin neurones) was found in <10% of Rfrp neurones. Moreover, kisspeptin‐immunoreactive fibres did not readily appose RFRP‐3 cells in either sex, further excluding the likelihood that kisspeptin neurones directly communicate to RFRP‐3 neurones. Lastly, despite abundant NKB in the DMN region where RFRP‐3 soma reside, NKB was not co‐expressed in the majority of Rfrp neurones. Our results suggest that RFRP‐3 may modulate a small proportion of kisspeptin‐producing neurones in mice, particularly in the arcuate nucleus, whereas kisspeptin neurones are unlikely to have any direct reciprocal actions on RFRP‐3 neurones.


Abstract The Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment offers a sound theoretical basis for many areas of applied psychology where the focus is on the interaction between people and their environments. Suggestions for future development of the theory include assessing the reinforcing potential of work and nonwork environments simultaneously, the application of facet theory ideas to develop behavioral measures of active and reactive modes of adjustment, and the use of alternative ways of conceptualizing and testing the correspondence component of the theory.


It is supposed there was certain regional deviation in censorship, which caused comprehensive influence on text -reading materials-, inside the Japanese Empire. Demonstrating this point of view, through the unique conceptions-'jurisdiction' and 'limits of the possibility of representation in each ju...


Engagement is becoming one of the more popular concepts in various social sciences including psychology, organizational behavior, human resource management, and of course public relations. Even though engagement is applied in several areas of public relations, it is most commonly explored in connection to internal communication. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the growing body of research exploring the relationship between internal communication satisfaction (as a part of internal communication) and employee engagement. Principally we wanted to test the relationship between the eight dimensions of internal communication satisfaction and three employee engagement dimensions.


With the objective of determining the effects of silvicultural management on regeneration and growth of mismanaged Arundinaria alpina stands, an experiment was conducted in the Choke Mountain, northwest Ethiopia. Eight soil and plant management techniques that comprise soil loosening, selective thinning and removal of old stumps were splited on two levels of organic fertilizer and applied on one hectare communally owned bamboo stand. Effect of the treatments was observed from data collected in 2009 and 2010 rainy seasons. The number of recruited culms of previous years (2007 and 2008) which had intermittent protection from human and livestock interference was also quantified employing culm age determination techniques. Result of combined analysis of 2009 and 2010 indicated that soil loosening combined with selective thinning and removal of old stumps resulted in culm recruitment of 13,750 plants ha-1, i.e. 37% higher than the control plot. This treatment combination decreased shoot mortality by 61% less than the control and increased culm recruitment by 40 % more than the control plot during the 2009 shooting season. Culm diameter and height of individual culms recruited in 2009 and 2010 showed increasing trend across the two years. Comparison of culm recruitment of previous years with recruitments after treatment application indicated that with improved management, including protection from interference, culm yield of communally owned bamboo stands can be maximized by 158-589%.

Key words: soil loosening, selective thinning, highland bamboo, silviculture, Yushania alpina


Globally the challenge to meet the increasing energy demand is on with the application of gamechanging technologies to maximize recovery from proven reserves in mature assets. Production studies have shown that some Niger delta fields have heterogeneous reservoirs with low to fair recovery factor derived in most cases by software simulations without adequate field acquired reservoir parameters before embarking on the secondary development plan for such reservoirs. Failures recorded in most secondary recovery strategies for heterogeneous reservoirs are accountable for lack of in-depth studies of the reservoir characteristics. There is a direct relationship between reservoir recovery factor and the petrophysics of the reservoir. A sand body in the field can exhibit variable petrophysical changes at different positions in the field. Therefore optimum secondary recovery plan for such reservoirs are designed with the combination of field acquired (not simulated) petrophysical data (porosity and permeability), the environment of deposition, special core analysis and formation evaluation studies. This study emanates from the recently developed project in a field in Niger delta. Original Research Article Udoinyang et al.; JGEESI, 23(4): 1-9, 2019; Article no.JGEESI.50264 2


—Enterprise financial risk analysis aims at predicting the future financial risk of enterprises. Due to its wide and significant application, enterprise financial risk analysis has always been the core research topic in the fields of Finance and Management. Although there are already some valuable and impressive surveys on enterprise risk analysis from the perspective of Finance and Management, these surveys introduce approaches in a relatively isolated way and lack recent advances in enterprise financial risk analysis. Due to the rapid expansion of the enterprise risk research area, especially from the Computer Science and Big Data perspective, it is both necessary and challenging to comprehensively review the relevant studies. This survey attempts to connect and systematize the existing enterprise financial risk studies, i.e. to summarize and interpret the problems, methodologies, spotlights and applications of enterprise financial risk analysis in a comprehensive way, which may help readers to have a better understanding of the current research status and ideas. Unlike previous surveys, this paper attempts to provide a systematic literature survey of enterprise risk analysis approaches from the fields of Finance, Management, as well as Computer Science, which reviews more than 300 representative articles in the past almost 50 years (from 1968 to 2022). In particular, we first introduce the problems of the types, granu- larity, intelligence and evaluation metrics of enterprise financial risk, and summarize the representative works in terms of them perspectively. Then, we compare the analysis methods used to learn enterprise financial risk, and summarize the spotlights of the most representative works. Finally, the applications of enterprise risk analysis are also briefly introduced. Our goal is to clarify current cutting-edge research and its possible future directions to model enterprise risk, aiming to fully understand the mechanisms of enterprise risk generation and contagion and its application on corporate governance, financial institution and government regulation.


The 0.20%-0.38% radial-shrinkage of the thin-wall pipes made of 18Ni Co-free maraging steel after heat treatment was studied with hardness test,micrographs observation,and X-ray diffraction analysis.The results show that the microstructure of the material after hardness spinning presents texture patterns,the grains are stretched and arranged in certain orientation,and corresponding hardness values are increased.After solution treatment,grains are refined and resume to normal state,most of the residual stresses are eliminated.During the aging process,certain amounts of reversed austenite are formed.At the same time,dispersed strengthening phase is precipitated.The analysis indicates that the main reasons for the radial shrinkage are caused by elimination of the residual stress resulted from deformation and the reversed-austenite and other microstructure changes accompanying with precipitation are significantly contributing to the radial shrinkage.


During the past several years, many radars (Moskowitz, 1973; Larson et al., 1976) have observed the distinct and interesting features associated with the Gulf Stream and its boundaries. Some of these Gulf Stream radar features are small scale, with dimensions comparable to and slightly greater than long gravity waves. Other features are larger, with dimensions much greater than the length of long gravity waves. This study describes radar cross-section variations within the Gulf Stream and just outside, seen with a 'scatterometer' type measurement. The significant features of these radar cross-section data were that the Gulf Stream always had a higher cross section per unit area (interpreted here as a greater roughness) than the water on the continental shelf. Also, a steep gradient in cross section often was seen at the expected location of the western boundary. There also were longer scale (10–20 km) gradual fluctuations within the stream. These roughness variations are correlated with the surface shear stress that the local wind imposes on the sea. By using the available surface truth information regarding the wind speed and direction, an assumed Gulf Stream velocity profile and high-resolution ocean surface temperature data obtained by the very high resolution radiometer on board a NOAA polar-orbiting satellite, profiles of sea surface stress were calculated for comparison with radar cross-section data. This study demonstrates that the measured radar cross-section variations are correlated with computed surface stress and that both surface-air temperatures and surface winds are important factors in determining surface stress and radar cross section.


In the present paper we are concerned with integration of functions with values in mixed topological spaces. The theory of Lebesgue integral on a general measure space has been extended to the case of functions taking their values in Banach spaces by Birkhoff [1], Bochner [3], Pettis [17] and others [12]. These vector integration theories have been extended further to the case of locally convex spaces by Phillips [18] and Rickart [20]. Mixed topological spaces form an important class of locally convex spaces. These spaces have many interesting properties and are very abundant. The mixed topological structures often appear in various problems from analysis as well as the theory of partial differential equations, and it is expected that the theory of integration in mixed topological spaces is not only significant from the theoretical point of view, but also it has considerable practical applicability. A mixed topological space is a locally convex space (£, τ) equipped with a bornology on E. A subset B of E is called a ball in E if it is an absolutely convex subset which does not contain a nontrivial subspace. By a bornology on E we mean a family 0b of balls in E with the four properties below: (a) 0b is a covering of £, (b) λB e Λ for B e 0b and λ > 0, (c) for B, C e Λ there exists D e J with B + C c D, and (d) if B e 0b and C is a ball contained in B then C G 0b. If in particular there exists a countable subfamily {Bn} of 0b such that any element B e 0b is contained in some Bn, then 0b is said to be of countable type. To the locally convex space (£, τ) there corresponds a bornology 0bτ called the von Neumann bornology on E that is the family of all τ-bounded, absolutely convex subsets of E. In this paper we restrict ourselves to a bornology 0b on E satisfying the compatibility condition


The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of riveted joints in composites materials. Static tensile test method was used. In the test one type of glass fabric was used (Interglas 92140) from which two types of composite samples were prepared. In each sample the same type of fiber with the same fiber orientation – 3 layers - was used. The samples had dimensions of 100×100 mm and thickness of approximately 1 mm. The composite probes were located in a metal frame with a screw connection which was made of screws with nominal thread pitch M5. Screws were tightened with constant torque. It was to provide an axial force to the sample during the tensile test. The frame was placed between cross-bars of tensile machine INSTRON 8516. The samples were stretched at a speed of 0.05 mm/s at a distance up to 15 mm. During the tensile test displacement of the samples and pull force were registered. Depending on the fibre orientations and the value of feed force, damage models were described. On the basis of the results the possibility of usage of aluminium rivet nuts connections in composite materials was determined.


The quaternary ammonium salt 1-alkylcycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one afforded1-alkylamino-7-alkyliminocycloheptatriene on heating with alkali. However, treatment of this salt with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide at room temperature gave a ditropyl ether derivative. Action of active methylene compounds on the ammonium salt in the presence of sodium ethoxide yielded 6-substituted derivatives, which were easily dehydrogenated to the corresponding heptafulvene derivatives. As an example, the reaction of 2-oxo-1, 3-dibenzyl-1, 2-dihydrocycloheptimidazolinium chloride with ethyl cyanoacetate afforded 6-[cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-1, 3-dibenzyl-3, 6-dihydrocycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one, which was dehydrogenated to 6-[cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene]-1, 3-dibenzyl-3, 6-dihydrocycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one on heating with ethanol. This reaction made it clear that the quaternary ammonium salt has tropylium ion structure. Such reaction occurred also I case of 2-phenylcycloheptimidazole methiodide. The quaternary ammonium salts of 2-amino-and 2-methylthiocycloheptimidazole afforded 1-alkylcycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one on treatment with acid.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.6, no.1, p.352 (1991). A reliability-based-design methodology previously proposed by the authors for application to transmission line structure foundations is extended to laterally load drilled shafts. The results of a statistical analysis performed on four analytical models for predicting lateral load capacities of drilled shafts are discussed. A lognormal PDF is suggested for the ratio of measured to predicted ultimate capacity. It can be concluded that a particular foundation design methodology can only be used in practice with confidence after it has been calibrated against a large database of full-scale load tests. The statistical analysis also shows the economic impact of conducting more detailed subsurface investigations on the design of the foundations. An application example for the design of a straight drilled shaft embedded in homogeneous soil and subjected to an overturning moment load is presented. >


Graphene quantum dots were modified on hexagonal tubular carbon nitride to form a composite photocatalyst by freeze‐drying technology. With an optimum loading amount of 0.15 wt % GQDs, the composite photocatalyst exhibits an improved visible‐light photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution (112.1 μmol h−1) that is about 9 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride. During the photocatalytic reaction, graphene quantum dots play a photosensitizer role and an electron reservoir, which can extend the visible‐light response of the photocatalyst, decrease its band gap, and improve the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. The graphene quantum dots can also absorb the long‐wavelength light and then emit the shorter wavelength light based on its upper transfer luminescence properties, which also contribute to the utilization of visible light. This finding demonstrates that the graphene quantum‐dot modification is a promising method to improve visible‐light photocatalytic activities for traditional photocatalysts.


During the summer of 1992, growth and some physiological parameters of four native plant species occurring in a coastal grassland in The Netherlands, were studied after reduction of solar UV irradiance using different cut-off filters. Biomass production, morphology and photosynthesis of all species tested were unaffected by the different treatments. Litter production of Plantago lanceolata was increased in the absence of the total UV waveband, indicating a possible role for this waveband in plant senescence. Depletion of the total UV waveband from sunlight resulted in alterations in biomass allocation in Calamagrostis epigeios and Urtica dioica while no changes were observed in P. lanceolata and Verbascum thapsus. In C. epigeios an increase in the specific leaf area was observed, whereas in U. dioica root weight per total plant weight was decreased resulting in an increase in the shoot/root ratio. Both photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigment concentrations were altered by the different filter applications. When compared to control plants receiving full sunlight, depletion of UV-B resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll concentration in U. dioica leaves, this however did not affect photosynthetic rate. The presence of UV-B radiation enhanced the UV-absorbance of leaf extracts of all species except P. lanceolata. Optical characteristics of the leaves were also changed. Both the quantity (P. lanceolata and U. dioica) and the quality (all species) of radiation transmitted by the leaves was affected by the different treatments.


Changes in vertical mixing in hypersaline Mono Lake, California, are described for the onset, persistence, and breakdown of meromixis, 1982 through 1990. In 1982 and 1983 exceptionally large runoff led to a 2.6-m rise in surface elevation and the onset of meromixis. Chemical stratification accounted for a density difference between 2 and 28 m of 1.2-1.5 x 1O-2 g cm-3 in 1984; the midsummer density difference between 2 and 28 m due to temperature was -0.5 x 10 -2 g cm -?. Salinities ranged from 77 to 98 g liter-'; sodium, chloride, sulfate, and carbonate are the major ions. The flux-gradient heat method corrected for solar heating was used to calculate vertical mixing during the period from April to October. The eddy diffusivity at the thermocline ranged from molecular to 26 x 10. 6 m2 s- ' and averaged 3.4 x lo-" m2 s-l. Eddy diffusivity was found to regress on Nr, the Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared, to the -0.58 power, suggesting turbulence is generated by local shear rather than large-scale processes.


The present study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of January, 2007 to December, 2007. Urine samples were collected from 86 dyspeptic patients undergoing upper Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) endoscopy to determine anti- H. pylori IgG antibody by an ELISA method. Gastric biopsy tissues were tested for culture, rapid urease test and HE ELISA; GIT; IgG. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8463 BJMM 2011; 4(1): 14-17


OBJECTIVE
To study the influence caused by the different intervention opportunity and frequencies in treatment chronic sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery.

METHOD
Eighty patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps were divided into group A and group B randomly. First postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery was taken in one week after operation, a week one time at first and second month, two weeks one time at third and fourth month, one month one time after fifth month, in group A. First postoperative management of functional endoscopic sinus surgery was taken in two weeks after operation, two weeks one time at first and second month, one month one time from third month to fifth month, two month one time after sixth month, in group B. The nasal middle meatus mucociliary transport rate (MTR) was measured by saccharin method at third month, sixth month and twelfth month, the rate of epithelialization was measured at third months and the efficiency rate was measured at twelfth months after operation.

RESULT
All results were no significant difference.

CONCLUSION
Appropriate extended postoperative management time and decrease intervention frequencies were not influence the therapeutic effect of endoscopic surgery for chronic sinusitis and/or nasal polyps.


Background:Because the aquaporin (AQP) 5 promoter −1364A/C polymorphism is associated with altered AQP5 expression, this association could have an impact on key mechanisms in sepsis, such as cell migration, activity of the rennin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS), and water transport across biologic membranes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the AQP5 promoter −1364A/C polymorphism is associated with increased 30-day survival in severe sepsis. Methods:In a prospective study, adults with severe sepsis (N = 154) were genotyped for the AQP5 promoter −1364A/C polymorphism. The clinical endpoint was 30-day survival. Kaplan–Meier plots and multivariate proportional hazard analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between genotypes and clinical outcomes. Results:Thirty-day survival was significantly associated with AQP5 −1364A/C genotypes (P = 0.001). Survival rates were 57% for AA genotypes (n = 90) but 83% for combined AC/CC genotypes (56 vs. 8, respectively). Multivariate proportional hazard analysis including sex, age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, body mass index, necessity for continuous hemofiltration/dialysis, concentrations of plasma angiotensin II, serum aldosterone, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 as covariates revealed the AQP5 −1364A/C polymorphism as a strong and independent prognostic factor for 30-day survival. In this analysis, homozygous AA subjects were at high risk for death within 30 days (hazard ratio, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.47–8.80; P = 0.005) compared with AC/CC genotypes. Conclusion:The C-allele of the AQP5 −1364A/C polymorphism is associated with increased 30-day survival in patients with severe sepsis. This finding suggests the importance of variations in expression of AQP5 channels in severe sepsis.


Using local texture analysis based approach to make script recognition need fine quality text image,but global texture analysis based approach doesn't need so.A recognizing method for script recognition is introduced on the basis of the analysis of Chinese and English texture features.It is a global texture analysis based approach using gabor filters,and use SVM to make script recognition.The experimental results are very promising.


The optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectra of binary uranium compounds U{sub 3}X{sub 4} (X=P, As, Sb, Bi, Se, and Te) with the Th{sub 3}P{sub 4} crystal structure, and the ternary UCu{sub 2}P{sub 2} compound are investigated from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac LMTO band structure method and density-functional theory in the local spin-density approximation (LSDA). The electronic structure is obtained with the LSDA, as well as with the so-called LSDA+U approach which contains an explicit Coulomb interaction {ital U} for localized orbitals. Within a bandlike description of the 5f electrons, excellent agreement with the measured MO spectra is obtained for U{sub 3}P{sub 4}, U{sub 3}As{sub 4}, and UCu{sub 2}P{sub 2}. The origin of the Kerr rotation in the compounds is examined. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Validation of the second-generation Olympus colonoscopy simulator for skills assessment. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 952–8. 12 Koch AD, Haringsma J, Schoon EJ, de Man RA, Kuipers EJ. A second-generation virtual reality simulator for colonoscopy: validation and initial experience. Endoscopy 2008; 40: 735–8. 13 Datta V, Mandalia M, Mackay S, Darzi A. The PreOp flexible sigmoidoscopy trainer. Validation and early evaluation of a virtual reality based system. Surg Endosc 2002; 16: 1459–63. 14 MacDonald J, Ketchum J, Williams RG, Rogers LQ. A lay person versus a trained endoscopist: can the PreOp endoscopy simulator detect a difference? Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 896–8. 15 Mahmood T, Darzi A. A study to validate the colonoscopy simulator. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 1583–9. 16 Sedlack RE, Kolars JC. Validation of a computer-based colonoscopy simulator. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57: 214–8. 17 Hassan I, Osei-Agymang T, Radu D, Gerdes B, Rothmund M, Fernández ED. Simulation of laparoscopic surgery – four years experience at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital Marburg. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008; 120: 70–6. 18 Maschuw K, Hassan I, Bartsch DK. Surgical training using simulator Virtual Reality. Chirurg 2010; 81: 19–24. 19 Maagaard M, Sorensen JL, Oestergaard J et al. Retention of laparoscopic procedural skills acquired on a virtual-reality surgical trainer. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 722–7. 20 Sedlack RE. Validation process for new endoscopy teaching tools. Tech Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 13: 151–4. 21 American College of Surgeons education division. Technical Skills Education Surgery. http://www.facs.org/education/ technicalskills/faqs/faqs.html (accessed 31 October 2011). 22 Fresh Tissue Supplies. http://www.cdrex.com/fresh-tissuesupplies-limited-4468578.html (accessed 22 November 2011). 23 Europa. Animal By-Products Not Intended for Human Consumption. http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/food_ safety/animal_nutrition/f81001_en.htm (accessed 22 November 2011). 24 VELP scientifica. Heating Magnetic Stirrers. http:// www.velp.com/en/family/6/Stirring_line/26/Heating_ magnetic_stirrers/ (accessed 22 November 2011). 25 Storm Case. http://pelican.com/ (accessed 22 November 2011). 26 Cook Medical. AcuSnare . http://www.cookmedical. com/esc/dataSheet.do?id=5773 (accessed 22 November 2011). 27 Covidien. http://www.valleylab.com/product/es/genera tors/ez-over.html (accessed 22 November 2011). 28 Donohoe CL, Sayana MK, Kennedy MT, Niall DM. European working time directive: implications for surgical training. Ir Med J 2010; 103: 57–9. 29 Hochberger J, Maiss J. Currently available ex vivo models. Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am 2006; 16: 435–49.


The antihepatotoxic effects of Garcinia kola on ethanol-induced liver dysfunction was investigated in albino rats. The rats were categorized into three groups: group 1 received 10% (w/w) Garcinia kola supplemented feed, drinking water mixed with 15% ethanol. Group II received feed without Garcinia kola and drinking water mixed with 15% ethanol. Group III served as control and were fed on normal feed and clean drinking water. All the animals were fed for two weeks and later sacrificed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined by standard laboratory methods. The results showed that Garcinia kola supplemented feed significantly lowered the AST and ALT activities when compared to the control group animals (p < 0.05), thus indicating the amelioration of the hepatotoxic effects of ethanol by Garcinia kola.


The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate and to identify risk factors of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii among internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan with home obstetric history. A total of 387 blood samples were collected from internally displaced infected women with the help of a comprehensive filled data form. To determine levels of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii Infection, all blood samples were qualitative and quantitative analyzed using Immune chromatographic and Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) technique. Among 387 blood samples, the total numbers of reactive samples observed were 341 (88.11%) and non-reactive samples were 46 (11.88%). Of 341 (88.11%) reactive samples, the highest ratio 168 (49.26%) was reported for the co-infection of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella, followed by 76 (22.28%) for Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii combined. In reactive samples, the highest ratio of IgG was noted in order of CMV 22 (64.70%), Rubella 21 (67.74%) and Toxoplasma gondii 16 (72.72%), followed by IgG+IgM and IgM only. Regarding age-wise distribution, the highest ratio 144 (90.56%) of total reactive samples of Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii was reported in the 25-32 years old group of individuals. Similarly, the highest ratio 53 (48.18%) and 60 (41.66%) of co-infection among reactive samples for Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella was observed in 18-24 and 25-32 years old group. Further, the highest ratio of 100 (40.32%) of risk factors was observed in infected patients who were exposed to a poor hygienic environment and 57 (44.18%) of infected patients had complications of Severe UTI followed by others. Hence, it was revealed that Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Toxoplasma gondii infection was most prevalent in internally displaced women of District North Waziristan, Pakistan. Therefore, an urgent base prophylactic approaches should need to be addressed to reduce the risk of the spread of disease in this locality.


the end of 1524. Although Bugenhagen published several treatises on the sacrament, his role in the eucharistic controversy is rarely acknowledged, and so these translations are particularly welcome. Second, Bugenhagen's discussions of monasticism and marriage are important sources for the study of Lutheran ideas about women, gender, family, and sexuality. His 1529 treatise What One Should Think About Monastic Life was written especially for nuns, who had few options for support besides marriage once they left the cloister. He wrote On Marriage Matters in 1539 to supplement Luther's book of the same name. In it Bugenhagen discussed adultery and desertion (an unofficial means of ending a failed marriage), both topics that Luther did not address in his treatise. Despite their lack of editorial apparatus, then, these translations are a valuable contribution to our understanding of the Wittenberg Reformation. They are all the more important because the critical edition of Bugenhagen's works has only recently begun. The Selected Writings is therefore the easiest way for English-speaking readers to become acquainted with the career and thought of this influential Wittenberg reformer. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Amy Nelson Burnett Lincoln, Nebraska


The clinical landscape for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has completely altered since the arrival of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib around 1999, in the United Kingdom especially after the drug was approved in various clinical settings by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) from 2003 onward. More recently, several second generation (2G) TKIs have become available and have received NICE approval in most clinical settings. The side effect profile of TKIs is generally excellent. Nowadays, serial measurement of the BCR-ABL1 transcript level is central to managing CML in the UK and other countries with comparable health care systems. Over 90% of patients diagnosed in chronic phase today can expect a normal life span and are more likely to die of something unrelated to CML or its treatment. There is a resultant sense that CML is sorted, many organisations that fund leukaemia research are focussing on other disorders and it is difficult to get funding for new clinical initiatives in CML. Despite this upbeat picture there are several issues in everyday CML management, partly because of the choice between five TKIs and also as many patients are cared for in centres that see relatively few CML patients. This has prompted several sets of recommendations on CML management from international groups. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recently published their fourth set of recommendations, derived from 34 panel members from 14 countries (four outside Europe). These define patients' responses to treatment as optimal (treatment should continue unchanged), failure (treatment should be changed) or an intermediate category called warning (treatment should be carefully considered for continuation or change), based on serial BCR-ABL1 transcript levels (or metaphase cytogenetics). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) CML guidelines were derived in a similar manner from 28 haemato-oncologists in the United States. These use a similar three-way traffic light (red/yellow/green) categorisation of serial responses, but a BCR-ABL1 International Scale (IS) value of ≤1% at 12 months of treatment and beyond is sufficient for the green category, whereas a level of ≤0 1% at this timepoint is required for the optimal category in the ELN recommendations. Patients whose molecular monitoring becomes stuck after 12–15 months of treatment between 0 1% and 1% therefore require no treatment change in the United States, but 'should be carefully considered for continuation or change' according to ELN. There are also other lesser differences between these two sets of recommendations. Why therefore is another set of guidelines, the subject of this commentary, needed from a panel of 15 leading UK CML experts? The UK may differ from other countries in that CML care is spread across ~140 National Health Service hospitals (some of which see less than five new cases per annum) where treatment is free-at-the-point-of-use; other factors may include the regulatory role of NICE, the generally excellent rapport with primary care settings and the care for younger patients entirely by paediatric haemato-oncologists. Reliable molecular monitoring of BCR-ABL1 is available nationwide from ~22 UK NHS laboratories all reporting to an IS baseline and participating in a well-run quality assurance scheme, integrated with that of European colleagues. The present guidelines, the latest in a series of British Society for Haematology (BSH) guidelines, are therefore welcome. They set out sensible practical recommendations for initial diagnosis and first-line management, which differ little from existing ELN and NCCN recommendations. Almost all clinical data on CML treatment with TKIs have been obtained from trials restricted to patients aged 16–18 upwards at diagnosis. The ELN recommendations are stated as primarily intended for use in adult patients, and the NCCN guidelines do not address differences in management for children. A particularly welcome aspect of these new guidelines is therefore information on how the management of paediatric patients differs from that of adults. For first-line treatment, the guidelines state that imatinib will suit most patients, thus endorsing what is de facto *Correspondence: Prof Richard E. Clark, Room 150, 1st Floor Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. E-mail: email@example.com commentary


Reform, as opposed to revolution, is an iterative process. It is also non-linear. You may not be getting it right the first time. At least not completely right. The authors of this article had the privilege and the pleasure of being invited to advise on the police reform process in the Republic of Armenia from 2014 through 2017 (the introduction of a form of 'community policing' had been announced in 2012 but failed to gain traction in the interim). In close cooperation with the then OSCE Office in Yerevan (OiY) and obviously the Armenian authorities, and at times the EU and US representatives, the authors – after taking inventory of existing policies, laws, directives, and regulations, and analysing them in light of internationally recognized good practice -- designed and delivered instruction programs for police officers at different levels, including leadership. In parallel, and as part of a 'two-pronged' approach, they contributed to structuring and informing an enabling political (parliamentary) process, including civil society organisations, in close cooperation with the then chairman of the Standing Committee on Defense, National Security and Internal Affairs of the National Assembly, Mr Koryun Nahapetyan, though the police force at the time was still kept close to the presidency. The authors feel encouraged by and welcome recent steps taken by the Pashinyan government to reanimate the police reform process in the RA. It is understood that police reform necessarily is an ongoing process of reflection and implementation on the one hand, structured by focussed phases of more intense political fact-finding and operational structuring on the other. In this article the authors share their observations from the days of their own involvement with added insights on the later evolution of police reform and practice.


Devastating forest fires in Brazil's Amazon rainforest, one of the most important biomes for Earth's climate balance, have captured the world's attention in 2019 and 2020. Foreign governments, non-governmental organizations, and institutional investors pressured Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to act and control the situation. Within this context, institutional investors threatened to divest from companies potentially linked to the wildfires and to sell government bonds, creating a divestment movement. Against this background, this article shows that Bolsonaro's responses varied for each of the groups criticizing the handling of the environmental situation. It is argued that the Brazilian government adopted a more conciliatory tone and took more concrete actions when responding to institutional investors' demands, compared to the responses for foreign governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Based on fifteen in-depth interviews conducted in 2021 with professionals involved in this divestment case, the paper concludes that institutional investors played a key role in Bolsonaro's winning coalition and electoral aspirations. Moreover, the shortage of financial capital due to the COVID-19 pandemic created further incentives for Bolsonaro to avoid conflicts with institutional investors. KEYWORDS: Divestment; Amazon Rainforest; Wildfires; Investors; Climate Change; Brazil; Politics


Abstract In this contribution the uncertainties of a biological process model are taken into account explicitly to calculate optimal process trajectories. For this purpose, the initial condition and the uncertainties of the model parameters are described by a weighted sum of normal distributions. Such a so-called Gaussian mixture density (GMD) approximation is propagated through the nonlinear process model to calculate a second order approximation of the statistical properties of the planed process trajectory. A Value@Risk primary objective is used to obtain an optimal process design procedure in presence of uncertainties. In an extensive simulation study a descriptive fermentation process model is used to compare the classical trajectory planning with the robust design approaches. Here, different degrees of approximation complexity and the influence of the weighting factor in the Value@Risk dual objective criterion is investigated.


Besser, Erin D. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2016. Exploring the Role of Feedback and its Impact within a Digital Badge System from Multiple Perspectives: A Case Study of Preservice Teachers. Major Professor: Timothy J. Newby. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine the role feedback plays within the instructional process, and how students are using feedback to inform their course work within Digital Badge contexts. Educators are looking toward Digital Badges as a way to increase student engagement (Abramovich et al., 2013; Glover & Latif, 2013), develop mastery with critical concepts (Mehta et al., 2013), and reduce gaps in student knowledge (Bowen & Thomas, 2014; Guskey, 2007). Feedback is emphasized as a critical component (Bloom, 1968, 1976; Guskey, 2007; Kluger & DeNisi, 1996; Slavin & Karweit, 1984). Instructors need to be able to not only display characteristics of a good instructor, but understand the functions (Balzer et al., 1989; Butler & Winne, 1995) and dimensions (Yang & Carless, 2013) of feedback, and then be able to deliver effective feedback (Nicol & Macfarlane‐Dick, 2006). Participants in this study included 78 students and 2 instructors from a large Midwestern public university. Data included instructors' assignment feedback provided to students and students' online surveys consisting of open-ended questions about the nature and value of instructional feedback within a Digital Badge system. Analysis of the


Treatment of triisopropylsilyl enol ethers with PhIO/TMSN3/TEMPO (cat.)–45 °C results in 1,2-bis-azidonation, which appears to occur through a radical addition process; the 1-azido group can be replaced by carbon nucleophiles such as allyl, methyl, cyano, acetylene and acetonyl.


Nowaday, it is a great challenge to design the Energy storage system (ESS) with the renewable energy (RE) resources in the distributed energy systems. The intermittent nature of energy makes that the RE resources are unstable energy resources and becomes very difficult to use in the house level environment. In this paper, we consider a distributed power flow system (DPFS), which consists of uncontrollable power generators, unpredictable usage of power loads, and multiple ESSs, in which their different combinations of logical power connections to minimize the energy loss. We propose a multiple load power flow assignment (MPFA) with load shifting algorithm to deal the logical power connection via single ESS or multiple ESSs to mitigate the possibility of energy loss reduction and to improve the energy efficiency of DPFS in the smart home domain. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the energy loss in winter and summer seasons. Numerically, the proposed MPFA algorithms with load shifting algorithm can reduce more energy loss by about 11.4% and 13.8% during winter and summer, respectively. Our numerical results also show that the highest energy loss is in spring compared to other three seasons.


This chapter summarizes the empirical literature that uses a spatial analysis framework in production economics. This literature takes advantage of the spatial dimension of the data to capture the spillover effects of neighboring production units. In the first three sections, we outline standard spatial extensions of the neoclassical production models aiming to measure knowledge spillovers, the effect of network inputs and economies of agglomeration. The next three sections outline the literature that on one hand examines returns to scale and productivity growth from both internal and external inputs, and on the other hand summarize the spatial econometric techniques used in frontier analyses of firms' production. The last section includes a set of final remarks regarding the application of spatial econometric techniques in production analyses.


A salient adaptive carrier recovery with a multi-order Digital Phase-Locked Loop (DPLL) based on Kalman filtering is presented in this paper. Using optimal loop gain sequence, that is Kalman gain sequence, for various optimization criteria, the proposed DPLL achieves fast phase acquisition and low phase jitter. The loop gain sequence optimized under the Least Squares (LS) criterion shows enough phase tracking capability under severe fading and can be used for mobile communication applications. Finally, the multi-order DPLL allows robust stability and bandwidth control and achieves zero phase offset.


Open access publishing (OAP) aims to provide complete and free electronic access to scientific research articles [1]. Such access may be achieved via (1) open access journals (i.e., journals permitting free access to online content), currently around 2% of the total corpus of articles in science, technology, and medicine [2]; or (2) self-archiving on institutional or personal Websites, which provides free access to postor preprint manuscripts. In addition to universal access to scientific knowledge, the OAP model may result in considerable savings for libraries [3] and the potential benefit for authors of greater exposure to their works. However, to date, citations to OA journals have only slightly increased compared to subscription-based journals [4]. With respect to funding, nearly 20% of OAP articles have been produced by charging authors (or indirectly, their organizations) through so-called ''publication fees'' or ''author fees'' [2]. The success of such journals greatly depends on authors' willingness to submit their research to such journals despite publication fees ranging between $350 and $1,000 USD. It is unclear whether authors, especially first-time and social science authors, are reluctant to back OAP journals because the journals are not considered sufficiently prestigious or because the authors consider the costs involved too high [5, 6]. Moreover, the ''author pays''


In the past decade there have been a series of articles on the status of Triple, Quadruple and N-Tuple Helices. In responding to the most recent of these from Leydesdorff and Lawson Smith (2022), this article examines the respective status of the Triple and Quadruple Helix as the scientific basis of the Research and Innovation Strategies related to Smart Specialisation (RIS3) and as the foundation of the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP). In conducting this examination, the article draws attention to the strengths of the Triple Helix Model, the communication overlay, fourth selection environment and associated ecology of the meta-stabilisation it posits not as the Quadruple Helix, but N-Tuple helices of a higher-order policy model. That policy model which stands high in terms of the status it commands as a regime governing the transition to a next-order system. To a next-order system whose governing regime commands this heightened status as the model policy for nation-states to adopt in sustaining the economic growth of regions.


Art education in normal university must pay attention to elementary art education reform to improve education and teaching quality and cultivate art teachers with international horizon, strong competitiveness, creativity, critical thinking abilities and individualized development. Through elementary art education reform and professional studies of art education in normal university, the author has proposed the following viewpoints: adjusting curriculum provision, adding new courses suitable to elementary art education reform; conducting reforms on teaching methods and means; valuing cultivation of research-oriented teachers; strengthening guidance and management of social practice courses and improving their social adaptation abilities; paying attention to the cultivation of students' humanistic spirit and aesthetic accomplishment; valuing the uniqueness of art teaching and leaning theory and exerting its unique functions; strengthening the awareness of lifelong learning.


Linguistic aspects of subjectivity in song translation (in the light of Wojciech Młynarski's works and self-referential remarks) The article discusses the manifestations of subjectivity in the translation of songs created by Wojciech Młynarski, one of the best-known Polish songwriters of the second half of the 20th century. His personalized translation strategies have been presented on examples of Polish translations of the lyrics written by Irving Berlin, Vladimir Vysotsky and Bobby McFerrin. The analyses have shown that Młynarski gave absolute priority to three aspects of translation: prosodic equivalence; equivalence of intentional meaning (pragmatic equivalence) and comparability of the recipients' aesthetic experiences. Wherever possible, the translator sought equivalence at the lexical-semantic level or at the imaging level, for example, he searched for lexemes or idioms that would evoke a picture similar to the original. However, if it was impossible to reproduce literal meanings or images in the target language, he focused on the three priorities listed above, leaving the other aspects of the original song in the far background.


A network system for motor vehicles with at least two differently structured sub-networks (N1, N2, N3), which have a data connection, characterized in that the switching layers of the at least two differently structured sub-networks (N1, N2, N3) is the same in construction.


A solid state switch is required to pass very high current densities, J, upon demand. Electrical access to the switch is through ohmic contacts which interface the device to the external circuit. Thus, accurate characterization of these contacts is essential in the design of the switch. Most work to date has centered around the electrical characteristics of switches, in particular the resistance R, and a reduction in joule (J2R) heating. In this paper we consider both the electrical characteristics and the thermal stability of the ohmic contacts on the operation of solid state switches. Thermal stability is important due to the inherent heating of the switch during its on time. Further, some applications will place switches in environments requiring operation at high temperature. The paper describes the present status of ohmic contacts to GaAs and InP.


Objective
To compare the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BGC-823 cells after transfected with small interfering RNA of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-1β) and investigate the effect of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) on the regulation of GLUT1, PKM2 and VEGF in gastric cancer.

Methods
Small RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence BGC-823 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIFs, GLUT1, PKM2 and VEGF were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting.

Results
The mRNA (0.372±0.097) and protein (0.351±0.041) expression of HIF-1α was lower than in empty plasmid group (0.980±0.115 and 0.520±0.030) and blank control group (1.000±0.000 and 0.478±0.062) after infection with RNAi, the differences were all statistically significant (F=50.358, P=0.000; F=10.931, P=0.010). The mRNA (0.391±0.091) and protein (0.293±0.031) expression of HIF-2α was lower than in empty plasmid group (0.980±0.115 and 0.520±0.030) and blank control group (1.000±0.000 and 0.430±0.056) after infection with RNAi, the differences were all statistically significant (F=72.416, P=0.000; F=9.016, P=0.016). The mRNA (0.383±0.091) and protein (0.323±0.038) expression of HIF-1β was lower than in empty plasmid group (0.987±0.100 and 0.445±0.059) and blank control group (1.000±0.000 and 0.457±0.040) after infection with RNAi. The differences were all statistically significant (F=78.273, P=0.000; F=7.636, P=0.022). The mRNA (GLUT1: 0.721±0.067, 0.833±0.059, 0.493±0.067; VEGF: 0.711±0.057, 0.826±0.054, 0.793±0.068) and protein (GLUT1: 0.263±0.072, 0.303±0.042, 0.198±0.057; VEGF: 0.391±0.049, 0.451±0.054, 0.473±0.086) expression of GLUT1 and VEGF was all decreased after silencing HIFs (HIF-1α, HIF-1β, HIF-2α) when compared with empty plasmid group (mRNA: 1.046±0.094, 1.039±0.092; protein: 0.391±0.064, 0.690±0.066) and blank control group (mRNA: 1.000±0.000, 1.000±0.000; protein: 0.438±0.055, 0.707±0.040) and the differences were all statistically significant (VEGF mRNA: F=35.232, P=0.000; GLUT1 mRNA: F=15.364, P=0.000; VEGF protein: F=8.150, P=0.003, GLUT1 protein: F=17.109, P=0.000). The levels of VEGF decreased the most obvious when transfection with HIF-2α siRNA, while the levels of GLUT1 decreased the most obvious when transfection with HIF-1α siRNA. The mRNA (0.611±0.036) and protein (0.351±0.047) expression of PKM2 was all decreased after silencing HIF-1α when compared with empty plasmid group (1.037±0.197 and 0.731±0.057) and blank control group (1.000±0.000 and 0.737±0.043), the differences were all statistically significant, (F=12.480, P=0.007; F=60.403, P=0.000). Whlie only mRNA (0.793±0.067) decreased after silencing HIF-2α, the differences were statistically significant (F=12.480, P=0.007). The protein changed a little (0.675±0.030, F=1.211, P=0.373), and both mRNA (0.980±0.115) and protein (0.641±0.076) had no significant change after transfection with HIF-1β (F=0.144, P=0.869; F=2.404, P=0.171).

Conclusion
The results suggest that HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-1β are all involved in regulating GLUT1 and VEGF. HIF-1α pathway plays a major role in regulating PKM2 and HIF-2α may regulate PKM2 in transcription level.

Key words:
Gastric cancer; Hypoxia-inducible factors; Pyruvate kinase M2; Glucose transporter 1; Vascular endothelial growth factor


Observes that the widespread use of the World Wide Web for educational purposes creates many opportunities for reusing learning material. However, many factors are involved that may decrease the amount of actual reuse that occurs. Presents a theoretical model of these factors, one of which is the physical layout of learning objects. Approaches this problem by separating the layout of learning objects from their content. This is achieved by describing the content in the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and the layout in the eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). The architecture of a prototype is presented showing how this technology can be used in an online learning environment.


In this paper we introduce some fully nonlinear second order operators defined as weighted partial sums of the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix, arising in geometrical contexts, with the aim to extend maximum principles and removable singularities results to cases of highly degenerate ellipticity.nn


A flexible film is provided to minimize a warpage phenomenon caused by a difference of thermal expansion coefficients and interfacial stress by making a flexible film with electrical interconnection simultaneously function as a substrate and a wire. A flexible film(110) has a first region, a second region and a plurality of conductive patterns. The first region functions as a substrate on which a semiconductor chip is to be mounted. The second region includes a plurality of divided portions, elongated from the first region. The plurality of conductive patterns are elongated toward the first and second regions. A first end of a part of the conductive pattern elongated toward the first region is electrically connected to an external connection terminal, and a second end of a part of the conductive pattern elongated toward the second region is electrically connected to the semiconductor chip. Each conductive pattern includes a first sub pattern and a second sub pattern. The first sub pattern has the first end, elongated toward the first region. The second sub pattern has the second end, extended from the first sub pattern and elongated toward the second region. The plurality of conductive patterns can be surrounded by an insulation thin film having its upper and lower surfaces. The semiconductor chip can be mounted on the upper surface of the insulation thin film, and the external connection terminal can be attached to the lower surface of the insulation thin film.


Rapid growth in international students studying in the UK has resulted in focus being placed upon the international student experience at all stages of the academic cycle. Particularly relevant is the pre-arrival stage, where the increased number of students from different countries means it is hard to provide comprehensive pre-arrival support to all new students. Traditional in-country pre-departure briefings are no longer financially or logistically viable and do not provide adequate support to all. This project aimed to develop a new approach to pre-arrival support, in the form of an 'online pre-departure briefing'. This would utilise both social and multi-media resources and could be adapted to work in other institutions. Measures were identified for gauging the success of the project, including data analysis, student feedback and student participation and the data was used to identify areas of strength and weakness and make recommendations for further improvements to either the current or adapted models.


Graph based semi-supervised learning (GSL) method runs slowly because of the need of much time to construct a neighbor graph. This paper presents a hash graph based semi-supervised learning (HGSL) method, which can search neighbors by locality sensitive hashing function and efficiently reduce the time for GSL to construct a neighbor graph. Image segmentation experiments show that HGSL has an improvement of 0.47 % in average segmenting accuracy, and can greatly reduce the segmenting time, e.g., it takes about 28.5 % of the time for GSL to segment an image with size of 300 × 800.


Background the average cos number of serv Methods: Th Information rel was done on v consult number Results: De rather than the significantly (P significantly hi were significan Conclusion: form and provi controlled with


SUMMARY. Objectives . To assess the incidence of fetal anomalies by ultrasound as the indication for termination of pregnancy (TOP) in the tertiary fetal anomaly screening center. Methods. A routine 18–20 weeks anomaly scan was offered to all pregnant women. Prenatal invasive procedures including chorionic villous sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentesis were performed when indicated. After diagnosis of fetal anomaly, the couple was counseled by multidisciplinary medical team concerning the management options, place and method of TOP. Results. A retrospective study was conducted between 2003 and 2009 at Feto Maternal Unit of the Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar. Elective TOP for fetal anomaly was offered and accepted by 117 women (114 singleton and 3 twin pregnancies) at gestational age ranging between 6 and 29 weeks. There were 96026 registered births during the study period. The rate of termination of pregnancy was 11.1 per 10,000 registered births. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 15.7±4.6 gestational weeks (GW) and at TOP it was 17.3±4.8 GW. The majority of TOP were performed because of central nervous system (CNS) defects (29.1%), multiple malformations (20.5%), and chromosomal abnormalities (18.8%). Trisomies 21 and 18 were the leading indications among chromosomal anomalies. Chorionic villous sampling was done in 55.6%, and amniocentesis in 44.4% of patients. TOP methods were as follows: vaginal misoprostol in 59.8%, misoprostol and curettage in 36.8%, and only curettage in 3,4%. Post evacuation morbidity was not diferent. Conclusion. Improvements in diagnostic ultrasound with prenatal diagnostic procedures have resulted in early diagnosis and clear indications for TOP in our patients. False positive indications for TOP were not noted in the population during investigated period.