101 c-Myc Oncoprotein in Canine Mammary Tumors IntRoduCtIon MYC, the cellular homolog of v-myc is a well known proto-oncogene and the proteins it express c-Myc, L-myc and N-myc play different roles in cell cycle regulation (1). Among these different proteins the most important and extensively studied is c-Myc a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, which appears to be involved in embryogenesis, cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and has transforming potential (2). All these activities are governed by myc–max heterodimer formation in cells and its interaction with DNA E box element. Myc is an early response gene as its response is quickly attained following a variety of mitogenic stimuli (3). The c-Myc expression is undetectable or very low in the resting cell. Under the influence of growth factors or mitogenic stimuli there is rapid increase in the level of c-Myc which arouses the cell from resting phase to enter the G1 phase. This increased level lasts for a short period of time with a half life of 20-30 minutes. It is continuously produced during the cell cycle and then declines when cell the cycle is over and the growth factors are withdrawn (4). Normally the expression of c-Myc is low to absent and tightly regulated. The increase in the level of c-Myc induces apoptosis through p53-dependent and independent pathways which result in the release of cytochrome-c from mitochondria, the formation of the Apaf-1/caspase-9, the death effector complex and resultant cell death (5). Various research studies have suggested that aberrant expression of altered or mutant c-Myc prevents the cell from exiting the cell cycle resulting in the accumulation of abnormal undifferentiated precursor cells which are transformed and which ultimately may lead to tumor progression (6). Thus c-Myc may be considered as a potential target for anticancer drugs to impede tumor growth. The role of c-Myc has been studied in various tumors such as breast, cervical, head and neck, prostate, glioma and Immunolocalisation of c-Myc an Oncoprotein of Canine Mammary Tumors


We prove functional laws of the iterated logarithm for empirical processes based upon censored data in the neighborhood of a fixed point. We apply these results to obtain strong laws for estimators of local functionals of the lifetime distribution. In particular, we describe the pointwise strong limiting behavior of the kernel density estimator based upon the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator.


The publication of a special section on Southern Ocean GLOBEC is particularly timely given that the International Polar Year (IPY; http://www.ipy.org) began in March 2007. GLOBEC has two regional programmes which contribute as lead programmes to IPY: ESSAS (Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas, see page 47 for latest activities) and ICED (Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics; see Figure 1 and page 33) which is a follow-up to Southern Ocean GLOBEC.


This work aimed to study the biodegradation dynamics of plasticized cellulose acetate samples (etrols) with different content of plasticizers. Isophthalic acid dimethyl ester and orthophosphoric acid tributyl ester were used as plasticizers. The targets of the study also included assessing the effect of the plasticizers' content on the degradation rate. The biodegradability of plasticized cellulose acetate samples was assessed by measuring the weight loss after exposure to active soil. For the experiment, an active soil of the following composition was prepared: garden soil - 89 vol. %, distilled water - 10 vol. %, microbiological preparation "Tamir" - 1 vol. %. All etrols samples showed a tendency to decomposition in active soil. The rate of sample degradation varied significantly. The highest degradation rate in active soil was shown by a sample containing 16 wt. % tributyl phosphate and 22 wt. % dimethyl isophthalate, as good as ertols sample containing 8 wt. % tributyl phosphate and 14 wt. % dimethyl isophthalate. The expected decomposition time of these samples in the active soil for 90% is 599 and 732 days, respectively. Changing of dimethyl isophthalate content did not affect the degradation rate. Withal the content of tributyl phosphate in the etrols induced a significant effect on the samples' weight loss. The consequence of the plasticizers' content on the weight loss rate for 145 days of exposure in the active soil is described by the equation y=-4.76+1.25·Z 1+1.49·Z2-0.04·Z 1 2-0.086·Z22+0.000141 where Z1 is the content of dimethyl isophthalate, Z2 is the content of tributyl phosphate.


A highly divergent synthesis of α-fuco-, α-6-deoxy-allo-, α-6-deoxy-altro-pyranosides has been achieved. This route utilizes a Wharton rearrangement as part of a new post-glycosylation transformation strategy.


Background: The first-line combination chemotherapy regimens, FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, improved survival outcomes in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. However, there is no consensus therapy after failure of first-line chemotherapy. This objective of this study was to analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of subsequent chemotherapy in patients who failed first-line FOLFIRINOX. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving second-line chemotherapy after failure of FOLFIRINOX at Kosin University Gaspel Hospital from January 2013 to July 2020. Results: Sixty-three patients with advanced pancreatic cancer received first-line FOLFIRINOX, and 33 (51.7%) of those patients received at least one cycle of second-line chemotherapy. At the start of second-line chemotherapy, the median age of patients was 59 years (range, 31-79), and 54.5% (61 patients) was male. The second-line chemotherapy regimens included gemcitabine/ nab-paclitaxel (21, 63.6%), gemcitabine/erlotinib (6, 18.2%), and gemcitabine monotherapy (6, 18.2%). Of twenty-five patients who had measurable disease, only 1 patient (4.0%) achieved a partial response, and the disease control rate was 56% (14 patients). The median Overall Survival (OS) was 8.7 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 5.2-12.2), and the median progression-free survival was 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.7-4.8). The median OS from starting FOLFIRINOX was14.7 months (95% CI, 10.4-18.3). There was no significant difference of median OS between second-line regimens. Conclusion: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy had modest survival benefits in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after failure of FOLFIRINOX.


The Danish organic farmers' strategy of strategic cooperation with actors of the conventional food production chains is widely seen as a success story, not least in terms of volume and efficiency. On the other hand it has been claimed that this strategy would easily lead to a dissolution of the network forces that produce and reproduce the ideas and values of organic farming and thereby the forces that are developing the organic farming practice. The objective of this paper is to re-examine the surveys among the Danish organic farmers, conducted by Michelsen and his colleagues to examine whether the process we are witnessing is a process of enhancement or dissolution of 'Organic farming'. Michelsen finds a minor difference in attitudes toward organic and conventional farming between earlier and newly converted organic farmers, and he also finds that the motive for conversion still is environmental concern. When discriminating between full-time and part-time farmers the analysis in this paper shows a clear difference in attitudes towards conventional farming and arguments for conversion to organic farming. While full-time farmers converted before 1993, like their part-time colleagues, held strong negative attitudes toward conventional farming and rationalised their choice of conversion by environmental concerns, full-time farmers converted in 1997 did not hold critical attitudes towards conventional farming and mainly rationalised their choice of conversion from an economic position, while disagreement with conventional farming and the idea of better products were given no priority at all. The conclusion of the paper is that the re-examination supports prior findings: that newly converted organic farmers are no longer necessarily enrolled into the organic network.


Influences of irrigation with sugar refinery and alcohol fermentation wastewater treated with compound micro-organism preparations on the production of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). soil fertility, and heavy metal accumulation were investigated in Liuzhou, Guangxi, China. As the four experimental treatments, concentration of CODCr (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the wastewater was diluted to 300 (A), 500 (B), 1000 (C), and 1500 (D) mg L-1, respectively. Two controls, including no irrigation (ck1) and natural water irrigation (ck2), were included. After one season of irrigation with the treated wastewater, the yields of the sugar cane increased by 41.9-49.0% when compared to that without irrigation and by 0.5-5.0% when compared to that irrigated using natural water. Based on the tested parameters, the qualities of the sugar cane irrigated with the effluents were not significantly different from the controls. The soil pH, contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and heavy metals did not increase significantly after one season of irrigation, while the contents of available P and K in the soil were increased after irrigation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide PI3K protein kinase modulators, methods of preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of treatment, prevention and/or amelioration of kinase mediated diseases or disorders with them.SOLUTION: The present invention provides PI3K protein kinase modulators, methods of preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods of treatment, prevention and/or amelioration of kinase mediated diseases or disorders with them.SELECTED DRAWING: None


Total ionizing dose (TID) effects induced by different photon sources are studied in MOS devices. The dose factor (DF), defined as the ratio between dose deposition in dosimeter and actual dose deposition in MOS-sensitive oxides (SOs), is estimated using Monte-Carlo simulations of energetic photons striking simple device structures. An effective TID approach is proposed to account for both the real ionizing dose depositions in small volumes and the charge yield. This method is applied to a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology using three photon sources: the usual ARACOR and 60Co sources, which deliver several tens of kiloelectron volt photons and ~1.25-MeV photons, respectively, and a third facility named ORIATRON, a 6-MeV electron linear accelerator that produces photons on a wide energy spectrum. This topic, investigated intensively in the literature a few decades ago, is revisited in the context of several evolutions including: new radiation sources, novel simulation tools, and device scaling, which all impact ionizing dose deposition in microsensitive volumes of current electronic technologies. Dedicated numerical simulations demonstrate the importance of taking into account the entire stack of materials in order to get the most accurate estimations of TID in the SO. Descriptions of the back-end-of-line (BEOL) layers (especially when the technology uses copper), the polysilicon gate, the Buried OXide (BOX) (for SOI devices), but also of the substrate and package are mandatory in these simulations, since dose enhancement and/or backscattered photons can be a significant source of TID variation in the gate oxide. Also the package lid composition and its thickness can be major TID contributors. The results show that the use of a prefilter with lead and aluminum can optimize ionizing dose deposition


This paper describes a model-based height controller for a one-legged hopping robot. Equations of motion in one dimension (i.e. vertical) are developed. These equations are solved and numerically integrated to produce an actuator command that allows the robot to regulate its apex height. Within limits, the resulting control is effective for lateral hopping as well. I . INTRODUCTION Thehoppingmachineconsideredin thispaperis likeapogo-stick;it hasasmallfoot anda leg spring.Unlikeapogo-stick whichusesamechanical spring,thespringfor thehopperis pneumatic. The controller is basedon Raibert's three-partcontrol system[1]. Raibertcontrolledhoppingheight by delivering a specifiedthrustvalueduringstance.This paperdescribesa model-basedheightcontrollerthatallows a wide rangeof apex heightsto beselectedandachieved. As shown in Figure1, a hoppingcycle consistsof four phases.Therearetwo flight phases, ascentanddescent,andtwo stancephases,compressionandextension. The heightcanbe changedby settingthe leg to an appropriatelengthduring descent.Changingtheleg lengtheffectively changestheair springconstant.In this way, energy canbeaddedto or removed from thesystemto changetheapex height. Proportionalcontrol hasbeenusedto regulatehoppingheightin simulation[2]. For the MonopodII robot,an adapti ve energy feedbackcontrollerwasusedto controltheapex energy andthustheapex height[3]. A discreteclosedform trajectorymodelwasusedto controla bow leg hopper[4]. Model parameterswereexperimentally determinedwith a leastsquaresfit to asetof recordedtrajectories. A simulationof a vertical hoppingmachinewascontrolledusinga near-inversediscrete-timemodel [5]. Time-varying or unknown parameterswere estimatedwith a recursi ve least-squaresparameterestimator . Becausethe model was able to updateitself in this way, the controllerwasmuchlesssensiti ve to modelingerrorsandevenabruptchangesin physical parameters. I I . CONTROLLER TableI definesthephysicalparametersof thehopper , TableII definesstatevariablesof thesystem,andTableIII defines thesubscriptnotation.Superscriptsof " denotethe " th hoppingcycle. A diagramof thehopperis shown in Figure2. The leg stroke,hip offset,andmassparametersaresimilar to thoseusedby Raibertfor his planarhopper . A one-dimensional modelis developed,but is usedfor lateralaswell asverticalhopping.At hoppingspeedsunder1 #%$'& , theleg stayswithin 15 degreesof vertical,soit is hypothesizedthattheone-dimensional modelis adequate. After thehoppertransitionsfrom extensionto ascent(lift-of f), theheightcontrollerusesthemeasuredvelocityof thebody just beforelift-of f ( ( )+* ,./ ) to calculatetheappropriateactuatorsettingfor theleg. At apex, theleg lengthis setto this value, andheld at this valueuntil touch-down. During stance,no active actuatorcommandsareused;it behavesasa passi ve air spring.If thecontrollerfunctionedproperly, thehoppershouldlift-of f againandreachthedesiredapex height. A. Initial Ascent Theflight phasescanbe describedwith simpleballistic equations.First the initial apex heightmustbe calculatedusing thevelocity justafterlift-of f andthelift-of f height. Fig. 1. Phasediagramof ahoppingcycle. Fig. 2. Verticalhoppingmachinein flight. Thebodyis not shown. 0 gravitationalacceleration 13254 6578#9$ & : ; * viscousleg friction <+4 =?>@$ & ACB DFE distancefrom hip to bodyc.m. =54 =G<H# IKJHL M maxleg length =54 N'6 <H# #%O sprungmass 654 PCQ <3" 0 #SR unsprungmass =54 N N'<3" 0 T E areaof piston UV4 257XWY7 =[ZV\K#]: ^`_ nominalpressureof upperleg chamber UV4 =aWb7 = :K" ^dc TABLE I PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE HOPPER. I leg length( # ) ) heightof bodyc.m. ( # ) ( ) bodyverticalvelocity ( #9$ & ) e O springconstant( >gfh# ) TABLE II VARIABLE DEFINITIONS. At lift-of f theleg is at full extension,sothelift-of f heightof thebodyis ) ikj3l I JmL Mon A B DpE 4 (1) Now theapex canbecalculatedto be ) * JHL M l 1 q ( )[* ikj rts : N 0 n ) ihj 4 (2) However, thevelocity just beforelift-of f canbemeasuredmoreaccuratelythan ( )+* ikj r on therealmachine.This is because of the particularsensorschosen.The leg lengthis measuredby a linearpotentiometer , andthe vertical accelerationof the bodyis measuredby anaccelerometer . During stance,thelinearpotentiometermeasurement canbedifferentiatedto obtain ( ) . During flight or stance,theaccelerometer measurement canbeintegratedto obtain ( ) . Experimentswith thesensorshave shown thatthelinearpotentiometer doesnotexhibit high-frequency noise,while theaccelerometer is subjectto biasanddrift. Conservationof linearmomentumallowsusto accountfor theinelasticcollisionbetweentheupperleg'smechanical stop andthepistonattachedto thelower leg ( ) * ikj r lvu # O #SO n # R`w ( ) * ikj / 4 (3) B. Initial Descent Equations1 and2 areusedto calculatethetouch-down velocity ( ) * x y ,.l 1{z N 0}|~) * x`y ,.1 ) * JmL MG 4 The problemnow arisesthat ) * x`y ,.cannotbe determinedexactly. The touch-down heightdependson the leg lengthat touch-down, which is exactly what we aretrying to calculate.In orderto approximate) * x`y ,., the leg lengthsettingfor the previouscycle is used ) * x`y ,.€ I * ,.n ACB DFE 4  A touch-down '"ƒ lift-of f n immediatelyafter 1 immediatelybefore A desiredvalue TABLE III SUBSCRIPT DEFINITIONS. C. Compression and Extension Thestancephaseis morecomplex, becausethreeforcesaffect themotion: gravity, friction in the leg, andthe leg spring force # O A ( ) A  l e O I…1 ; * A I A  n # O 0 (4) wherethespringconstant e O l T E†^ O I JmL M . Sincethefoot doesnot move relative to thegroundduringstance,thevelocity of thebodycenterof massis equalto the rateof changeof leg length A I A  l ( ) 4 (5) Equations4 and5 canbecombinedto produceanequationof motionfor compressionandextension A I A ( ) l ( ) ‡‰ˆ J ˆ‹Š 1Œ Ž}  J ˆ n 0 4 Sincethe desiredconditionwe aresearchingfor is the leg lengthat touch-down, the integrationsfor compressionand extensionproceedbackwardin time. For extension,theinitial velocity is ( ) * x`y ihj / , andthefinal velocity at minimumextension is 0. Theinitial leg lengthis IKJHL M . Integratingovervelocityproduces I * x`y J Dk' . For compression, the initial velocity is 0, andthe final velocity is ( ) * x y ,.. The initial leg lengthis I * x`y J Dh' . Integratingover velocityproduces I * x`y ,.. It is notnecessaryto performseparateintegrationsfor compressionandextension;they canbecombinedinto one.All that remainsis to determinetheinitial conditions. D. Final Ascent Thedesiredvelocityafterthefinal lift-of f canbecalculatedfrom thelift-of f heightanddesiredapex ( ) * x`y ihj r l z N 0}|~) ikj 1 ) * x`y JmL M  where) ihj is calculatedagainusingEquation1. By rearrangingEquation3, we canagaincompensatefor the inelasticcollision at lift-of f, this time going backwardsin time to find thevelocity just beforelift-of f ( ) * x`y ikj / l u #SO n # R # O w ( ) * x`y ikj r 4 Now thatwe have the initial conditions,the integrationcanproceed.This integrationyields the leg lengthsettingto be used. E. PD Controller In thesimulation,aPD controlleris usedto commandtheleg lengthto thedesiredposition ' l 1 e@" | I 1 I  1 e@" ( I where ' is the leg forcecommand,and e " and e " areproportionalandderivative gains.Valuesfor e " and e " usedin thesimulationsare1300.0>@$ # and50.0 >@$ | #%$'&  , respecti vely. Acknowledgments TheVortex physicssimulationtoolkit developedby CM Labswasusedfor thesimulationsdiscussedin this paper .


The Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) system was developed by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) in 2009 for measuring the thickness of ice sheets in polar regions. This radar system was first used on-board the NASA DC-8 aircraft as one of the primary sensors for Operation Ice Bridge (OIB). The radar is a highly sensitive system operated in an environment of unknown electromagnetic interference (EMI) conditions. Therefore, various precautions were taken to mitigate the effects of EMI to ensure successful radar measurements and sufficient electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This paper provides an overview of MCoRDS focusing on its EMC and performance.


The Marine Shoreline Design Guidelines is one of a series of guidance documents being developed by the Aquatic Habitat Guidelines (AHG) Program.Guidelines developed in the AHG program employ an integrated approach to marine, freshwater, and riparian habitat protection and restoration. That is, they seek to protect and restore the structure and function of whole ecosystems by striving to consider projects in their landscape and watershed contexts. Development of guidance documents and underlying scientific surveys has involved broad participation from academic, public, and private sector practitioners, planners, and regulators. This guideline contains: 1. the geomorphic setting of Puget Sound; 2. stewardship; 3. site assessment; 4. coastal processes assessment; 5. alternatives assessment; 6. passive management techniques; 7.1 beach nourishment; 7.2 large wood; 7.3 reslope-revegetation; 7.4 bulhead removal; 7.5 hard armour; 8. monitoring 9. research and development Case studies (25 cases)


Combinatorial auctions have been suggested as a mean to raise efficiency in multi-item negotiations with complementarities among goods as they can be found in procurement, energy markets, transportation, and the sale of spectrum auctions. Since 2008 the Combinatorial Clock Auction (CCA), a twostage auction format has been used in many countries. [8] tested CCA in the lab and found out that the efficiency of CCA was relatively low, since bidders tended to submit too few bids. To reduce bidders' complexity concerning evaluating lots of bundles, we simplified the bidding language without losing efficiency. Hereby, we used the knowledge of super-additivity and the fixed descending complementarity type of our value model. In lab experiments, we tested the two phases of the CCA auction, namely the Combinatorial Clock + (CC+) auction and a sealed bid version, with the simplification separately. Both formats yielded in higher efficiency and revenue than the CCA.


In a large-scale sensor network individual sensors can be compromised to inject bogus sensing reports. While SEF can filter out the outfield false reports, it is incapable of detecting the in-field compromised nodes, which may collect sufficient number of keyed message authentication codes (MAC). An in-field attack proof mechanism is presented in this paper. The MAC delivery mechanism makes the MACs follow the direction of increasing signal strength, and the skipping out mechanism helps the MACs walk out of the compromised nodes. As the report is forwarded, each node along the way verifies the correctness of the MACs probabilistically and drops those with invalid MACs. As the in-field compromised node is prevented from gathering enough MACs, the report generated by it can be detected and dropped en-route. Analysis and simulation show that IAP can drop bogus reports injected by an in-field compromised node in many cases.


The Associative Dataaow Architecture (ADARC) combines features usually associated with either VLIW or with dataaow ar-chitectures to achieve an eecient exploitation of the instruction-level parallelism of numerical algorithms on a modular, scalable, parallel hardware with distributed memory. While the ADARC architecture does not favorize any nal implementation considering the complexity of the used functional units, this paper focuses on a realization which is similar to VLIW-based processors. ADARC extends the synchronous issuing of operations in VLIWs to an asyn-chronous mechanism allowing arbitrary execution times and diier-ent issuing times of the simple instructions out of one VLIW. This new sequencing method is eeciently supported by an intelligent in-terconnection network performing transport triggering mechanisms using associatively controlled switches as routing elements.


In recent years archaeologists have asserted the value of social media for achieving goals such as 'shared authority' and the 'empowerment' of various communities. These assertions often resemble techno-utopian discourse. However, it is essential to critically consider these assertions with reference to the important studies emerging from the fields of new media studies and Indigenous and collaborative archaeology, which have particularly emphasised the need for a greater awareness of sociopolitical contexts. Informed by this literature, this paper surveys some of the emerging and established uses of social media by archaeologists and museums, and proceeds to introduce factors that challenge the broadly positive discourses about the impact of social media on various communities. It also highlights the need for short- and long-term impact studies.


The study identified and analyzed the relationship between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and markers of oxidative stress in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) without somatic pathology and with bronchoectatic disease.
 90 patients with CGP were examined, which were divided into two groups: patients with CGP without somatic pathology (n=40) and patients with CGP with comorbid pathology in the form of bronchiectatic disease (n=50). Somatically healthy persons with intact periodontal disease (n=40) were examined as a control group. Enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total superoxide dismutase (total SOD) of all three types — Cu/Zn-SOD + Mn-SOD + Fe-SOD) in oral fluid.
 In patients with CGP observed intensification of oxidative stress expressed in an increase in oxidation products of lipids and proteins, as well as a decrease in antioxidant protection. Greater intensification of the process of oxidative stress and deeper changes in periodontal tissues were detected in patients with CGP with bronchiectatic disease. According to the results of correlation analysis, statistically significant, positive relationships of different strength between changes in the level of MDA, AOPP, total SOD and CBCT parameters in patients with CGP, both without somatic pathology, and with bronchiectatic disease were revealed.
 The revealed interrelations evidence of the influence of the intensification of the process of oxidative stress on a condition of periodontal tissues at patients with CGP. The strength of the identified relationships between most of the indicators characterizing CB CT deep periodontal lesions was greater in patients with CGP with bronchiectatic disease.


The most frequent manifestation of postpartum infection is endometritis, the frequency and severity of which are directly dependent on the duration of labor, the characteristics of the labor act and the duration of the anhydrous interval [2-4]. In the pathogenesis of postpartum endometritis, a large role belongs to the violation of the contractile activity of the uterus [1]. Therefore, for the prevention of postpartum endometritis, a number of authors recommend the use of uterine contractions in the first days of the postpartum period [5, 6].


We report a rapid approach to build three-dimensional spatial-temporal Jacobians via the Monte Carlo method for absorption and scattering perturbations. A photon "replay" approach was implemented for both voxel- and mesh-based MC simulations.


PURPOSE: To compensate the delay between transmitted data and data received by a hub by delaying the start of cycle generation by a node. CONSTITUTION: A write painter 320 is reset with cycle reference sent from a node. Therefore, an FIFO 320 begins to be filled at the same time with reception from the node. A read pointer 330 commands the downloading of the FIFO 310 to a buffer 132. The read pointer 330 is reset with internal cycle reference of the hub. Therefore, the data loading to the buffer 132 is started once the buffer 132 is emptied. Consequently, the delay between the start of data reception from the node and the start of the hub internal cycle is compensated.


ABSTRACT— Sixty middle‐aged urban women with a major depressive episode (DSM‐III) diagnosed in a community survey were compared with those 400 participants of the study who had no history of major depression. There were no significant differences between groups regarding most childhood demographic variables such as grade of urbanization, social class, school education, size of sibship and ordinal position. The subjects with major depression and especially those with melancholia had experienced parental loss before age 17 significantly more often than had the controls. This difference dealt only with parental divorce and other separations but not with parental death. There were no significant differences regarding parental death between melancholics, non‐melancholic major depressives and controls.


We present algorithms to self-heal reconfigurable networks when they are under attack. These algorithms reconfigure the network during attack to protect two critical invariants. First, they insure that the network remains connected. Second, they insure that no node increases its degree by more than O(log n). We show both theoretically and empirically that our algorithms can successfully maintain these invariants even for large networks under massive attack by a computationally unbounded adversary.


Components missing, which is common at the beginning of a clause in Chinese, is usually discussed as zero anaphora in discourse analysis. However, this paper views it from the viewpoint of the syntactic relation between P-clauses(punctuation clauses). Thus, the paper proposes the concepts of P-clauses and the syntactic relation between P-clauses, designs a visual way to indicate the relation-indented new-line representation, and discovers the formal properties of the relation, including the collocation conditions of the relation types, the stack structure law and the limit of extension and return of the stack structure level.


Ultrathin carbon films were grown on different types of metallic substrates. Free‐standing foils of Cu and Ni were prepared by electroforming, and a pure Ni film was obtained by galvanic displacement on a Si wafer. Commercial foil of Ni 99.95% was used as a reference substrate. Carbon films were grown on these substrates by chemical vapour deposition in a CH4‐H2 atmosphere. Obtained films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The XPS at grazing collection angle was used to determine the thickness of carbon films.


The aim of this research is to know the Philosophy Science and Education. The kind of the research is Library one in Samarinda. The human and philosophy have correlation with a life closely. The human has mind and many needs to fulfill the want which bears the philosophy thinking. The results of the research are (1). The philosophy is not only the play of the mindset but also has a function in the human living. (2). Philosophy is the matter scientiarium which has born may. The suggestions are To face many phenomenas the human is claimed to be sensitive to the development of the era so he or she have to have intellectual towards them .


Abstract During the last years many scholars analyzed the development of entrepreneurial education and the factors that affect the entrepreneurial decisions. This paper analysis the entrepreneurial motivation of the students from three engineering undergraduate programs from University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca. The research method was the survey based on questionnaire. A total number of 208 questionnaires were validated for future investigation. The results reveal that the majority of the students would like to start their own business when they will graduate. The main reasons mentioned were self-assertion, financial independence.


In this paper, questionnaire surveys on the special education school teachers work pressure, the pressure in response to the way the relationship between burnout and work to Taipei in a special education school teachers targeted, effective sample of 100 people, 95 percent recovery rate. Application of one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis and other statistical methods. The major findings are as follows: 1. Teachers work as a whole more than moderate pressure to the workload of social support and greater pressure. 2. Teachers in the face of pressure, the main way in response to solve the problem, followed by yield and leisure activities, at least, is the use of emotion regulation, or of evading the problem. 3. Teacher burnout overall level below the middle, then lower the individual achievements of emotional exhaustion and inhuman. 4. Teacher background factors, the pressure on women than men; age above 40 years of age to work less stressful; education degree, master's degree are greater than the pressure; teaching years to 16 years less than the pressure; years of special education to 11 years less than the pressure; teachers and mentors in the work load is greater than the pressure on the sense of teachers and peripatetic teachers and Chief Executive; to teach in other stages to the work of teachers in central pressure; to teach the reasons for the The school is greater than the pressure in line with those persons interested in the ideal; 0 number of children the issue of teachers in students the pressure is greater than the number of children for more than two teachers. 5. Professional knowledge and skills, student problems, workload, social support and the overall issue of work pressure and yield a positive correlation; and avoid the whole issue of work pressure showed a positive correlation. 6. Yield problems and emotional exhaustion, inhuman, and low personal accomplishment, on the whole showed a positive correlation burnout. 7. Teacher stress and job burnout showed a positive correlation between overall. 8. Yield stress and burnout issues have predictive power.


This study used secondary analysis of data from two studies of expressive writing about stressful relational events to first describe the relations of word use to social-cognitive maturity of role-taking using Feffer's Interpersonal Decentering scoring system and then to test hypotheses about active processing of relational information versus event closure. This scoring system for imaginative Thematic Apperception Test stories was adapted for expressive writing protocols and related to proportions of cognitive and emotional words used, relationship characteristics, and the subjective experience of writing. Relational events included relationship breakups (including divorce), loved one's illness or death, and abuse. Decentering maturity was positively correlated with cognitive and insight words and with positive emotion words in both studies' narratives, and also with self-rated experiences of emotional intensity in the low closure group only. Gender differences were consistent with gender theories applied to relational stressors.


The present invention relates to a protective film formation method and the composition of the plasma display panel, to thereby prepare a protective film which is formed on the dielectric layer in the liquid phase at the substrate manufacturing process of the PDP to reduce the manufacturing costs of the formed protective film by enabling the coating to form It can be so. In particular, the protective film improves the adhesion of the liquid and minute refined uniformity and the surface of the protective film so as to have, by an acid, and this reason will have the effect that the PDP discharge characteristics improve. The present invention for achieving this is, after the solvent and then adding a MgO powder to the dispersing agent mixture subjected to milling to obtain a first solution, the coupling agent (titanate, zirconate, an aluminate, a silane) in solvent mixture subjected to milling and is characterized in that for forming the protective film it then subjected to milling and mixing with a second solution obtained sikimeuroseo the first solution coated on the dielectric layer of the upper substrate. PDP, the protective film, the coupling, agent, a binder, a titanate, zirconate, an aluminate, a silane


The dissertation by Marianne Harbo Frederiksen revolves around certain drivers of innovation with a main focus on product innovation. The dissertation takes as its point of departure the fact that going for innovation can be a risky business, as many firms experience difficulties turning their innovation efforts into successful products. In that connection, recent research has shown that higher performing firms have new product strategies directing and integrating their entire new product development much more often than less successful firms. This means that the chances of success increase when managers establish objectives and, hence, it indicates the need for overall management of intra-firm innovation activities.


Background There are few recent large cohort epidemiological studies that analyse the clinical profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who require biological treatment, as well as pharmacological survival and reasons for the suspension of these treatments.Abstract AB0900 – Table 1 N 383 Basal radiological involvement Age at PsA (years), mean (SD) 45.9 (14.5) Erosive arthritis (%) 33.1 Male sex, n (%) 203 (53) Mutilating arthritis (%) 1.9 History of psoriasis (%) 84.8 Sacroiliitis (%) 21.2 Nail involvement (%) 46.3 Syndesmophytes (%) 5 Dactylitis (%) 32.9 Immunity Enthesitis (%) 36.9 RF positive (%) 6.3 DAS-28 (ESR), mean (SD) 3.5 (1.46) ANA positive (%) 14.5 CRP mg/L, mean (SD) 8.11 (15.9) HLA B27 positive (%) 14.1 ESR mm/h, mean (SD) 20.3 (19.2) Treatment Comorbidities NSAID (%) 96.7 Dyslipidemia (%) 34.2 csDMARDs (%) 84.8 AH (%) 20.9 bDMARDs (%) 32.3 Obesity (%) 28.2 CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; AH: arterial hypertension; RF rheumatoid factor; ANA: anti-nucleotide antibodies; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; csDMARDs: conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; bDMARDs: biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Objectives To describe the clinical, demographic, epidemiological and radiographic characteristics of patients with PsA in our centre, as well as pharmacological survival and reasons for the suspension of different biological treatments. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with PsA treated between 1985 and 2015 at a University Hospital with a referral area of 8 50 000 inhabitants. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging data, as well as patients' clinical and medical treatment records. Results The main characteristics of the cohort are summarised in table 1: Approximately one third of patients with PsA (32.3%) required treatment with a biological drug during the course of their disease. The most frequently prescribed first-line drugs (89.5%) were tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFi). During the course of their disease, 27 (21.9%) patients who started biological treatment received a biological drug other than TNFi. Of the 124 patients who started treatment with a biological DMARD, more than half (65, 52.8%) required a change to a second drug, and of these, 27 (41.5%) changed to a third, with up to 7 different biological drugs required in one case. The mean survival time for the first bDMARD was 42.8±42.3 months, with secondary failure the most frequent cause of treatment change (37.8%), followed by adverse effects (27.1%) and primary failure (18.9%). The adverse effects registered were: 20% infections, 20% appearance of neoplasms, 5% allergic reactions and 55% other causes. Conclusions PsA presents a similar distribution by sex and is usually diagnosed at around the age of 50, having been preceded by cutaneous involvement. PsA is an entity of considerable severity and up to a third of patients will require biological treatments during its evolution. More than half of them will receive a second biological treatment. The retention rate of each drug varies but tends to decrease with each drug change. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Objectives: This study aims to identify the difficulties that nursing and medicine students encounter in communicating with patients and perceptions of the characteristics of difficult patients. Methods: The study was conducted with 583 students (359 nursing students and 224 medicine students) in Akdeniz University Antalya School of Health and Faculty of Medicine. The data were obtained using the form "Difficult Patient Perception by Nursing and Medical Students and Identification of Difficult Patient Communications" and the "Communication Skills Inventory" form. Results: 75.8% of the nursing students and 92.0% of the medical students were found to encounter difficult patients, and "the non-communicative patients" were identified as difficult by both the nurse and medical student groups. The average general communication skill scores for the nursing and medical students on the Communication Skills Inventory were 118.27±13.29 and 117.55±10.48, respectively. The students were found to have difficulty communicating with difficult patients and need further communication instruction. Conclusion: Communication courses in the health education curriculum should be reorganized and become applied courses in order to facilitate communication between students and patients.


An improved SERRS substrate for use in an improved analyte detector is provided by depositing a Raman enhancing surface on, or within, a porous 3D support matrix made of a solid support material. The support material is arranged to have a Raman dye distributed within the volume and the response to illumination of the dye is enhanced as a result of the dye being distributed within the volume and proximate to the Raman enhancing surface, which is also distributed within the volume.


Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks ( N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups ( N = 25). Reporting an instance of discrimination corresponded with an acute decline in psychological wellbeing (higher negative affect, anxiety, and depression), consistent with previous work. However, this effect did not carry forward to later assessments during the same day or the following day as expected. Instead, positive affect temporarily increased in the hours following experiences of discrimination. Qualitative focus groups revealed social support, emotional reflection and processing, and feelings of taking action as important factors contributing to this bump in positive affect.


The enhancement of speech degraded by nonstationary noises and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions is a high demanding but challenging task. We present a robust and effective single channel speech enhancement algorithm under the framework of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Considering the sparse property of speech and low-rank property of nonstationary noise, a new formulation for NMF based speech enhancement algorithm is proposed, in which we factorize the data matrix into two nonnegative sub-matrices with the constraints of speech sparsity and low rank of nonstationary noise to guarantee the effectiveness representation of the speech components from their corrupted version by nonstationary noise. As a result, a novel multi-constraint NMF speech enhancement (MC-NMFSE) algorithm is derived accordingly. Intensive experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the MC-NMFSE algorithm and demonstrate its improvement against nonstationary noises.


G. A method of fatigue life prediction of welded Gd chassis frames is presented. The method is based on auto spectre of the excitation, a modal response model, calculations of level crossing G& distributions in the frequency domain and constant amplitude fatigue testing of structure parts. HjtW


Abstract : Phenanthrene was purified by zone-refining methods and the resistivity of the material was determined as a function of temperature. A discontinuity in the resistivitytemperature curve was observed at about 68C for both compressed polycrystalline pellets and single crystals, and this discontinuity was intensified in the purer portions of the material. Various possible explanations are discussed. Attempts to zone-refine low- and high-density polyethylene resulted in a brittle material which cracked on cooling. No segregation of impurities was observed. Electron irradiation of both silicon and selenium solar cells indicated that silicon cells are more resistant to radiation damage than selenium cells. Carrier removal in silicon appears to be responsible for the radiation induced fluctuation in the base resistance and emitter efficiency of silicon transistors. (Author)


This article compares a capital market in which prices are set by a single expected utility maximizing investor with a market in which the expected utility maximizing investor owns only a part of the wealth, the balance being held by an investor who follows a portfolio insurance strategy. Comparative values for the market risk premium, the cost of insurance, the market volatility, and the level of interest rates are computed for different levels of portfolio insurance. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ozagerl sodium combined with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods Chose 200 cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction occurred within 72 hours,and divided the numbers of strokes of the patients' names by 4.Then in accordance with the remainders,which may be 1,2,3 and 0,assign the patients into 4 groups,namely A,B,C and D.Conventional treatment for group D;In addition to the conventional treatment,intravenous infusion of edaravone was applied to group C,intravenous infusion of ozagerl sodium was applied to group B,and combined intravenous infusion of edaravone and ozagerl sodium was applied to Group A.A course of treatment lasted for 14 days.All conditions of the four groups were scored by CCS and BI before and after treatment.Results According to CCS and BI,all groups had made improvements in varying degrees.Group A made a better improvement than B and C(P0.05),while B and C made better improvements than D respectively(P0.05).From the efficacy perspective,there was significant difference among the efficacies of four groups and efficacy of group A was the best(P0.01).Conclusion Ozagrel sodium or edaravone has a good effect for acute ischemic stroke,while early combination of the two is better than each alone.


Abstract : The research hypothesis on which our project is based is that there is a genetic contribution associated with increased risk for developing diabetic complications, specifically diabetic-nephropathy. That identifying SNP markers linked to this phenotype will enable improved prediction ultimately leading to advances in the prevention of this severe life threatening disease. The final aim of the entire project will be to provide a means to genetically test military personnel and families for their risk for developing diabetes and its complications. Before collecting samples from military personnel, we set out to demonstrate proof of principle by recruiting diabetics and their family members, who were visiting our Diabetes Clinic and the satellite clinic in Johnstown, and analyzing their specimens. Aim A.1 of the project is to build a prototype Research Sample Repository to receive, catalog, and store DNA, serum and urine samples from diabetics and their relatives to allow efficient HLA typing and mapping of genes promoting diabetes-associated complications, with particular emphasis on diabetic nephropathy initially, and then on retinopathy and finally on neuropathy, to compound them in an efficient predictive protocol for type 1 diabetes. Sub-Aim A.1.1 uses index cases to ascertain, recruit and prepare DNA for all appropriate members of families in which diabetic end-stage renal disease has occurred. Sub-Aim A.1.2 is to determine whether diabetic-nephropathy is linked to any of the proposed candidate genes. Aim A.2 of the research is to use proteomic analysis of specimens from complications affected patients and, by comparing them with diabetic patients without complications, to identify possible biomarkers for evaluating likelihood and/or severity of an individual's risk for developing diabetic complications and eventually propose possible lines of preventive treatments.


Gastrointestinal perforation is a common cause of acute abdomen due to peritonitis. The etiology and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal perforations is varied and can range from a small prepyloric perforation that is relatively clean to transection of small or large bowel with spillage of contents in peritoneum with gross contamination. Some of these are more common than others. Here we present 6 cases of rare perforations presenting to us in the casualty, their management and postoperative course in hospital. Methods: We will be assessing the cases of patients, their history, clinical presentation, radiological imaging who presented with acute abdomen secondary to bowel perforation and were intraoperatively diagnosed to have a rare pathology and assess the management and postoperative outcomes. Results: In this case series, 5 rare cases of GI perforations are highlighted including rare cases of posterior gastric perforation, DJ transection, jejunal transection, jejunal perforation, large mesenteric tear and sigmoid colon perforation. All these cases required a different approach in managing intraoperatively. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal perforation is a common cause of acute abdomen and requires emergency surgical intervention. CT imaging has become a fundamental part of the preoperative evaluation and can determine site and cause of perforation.Gastrointestinal tract perforations can occur due to various causes, and most of these perforations are emergency conditions that require early recognition and timely surgical treatment the mainstay of treatment for bowel perforation is surgery. Atypical presentation of perforation can be a challenge to surgeons andshould be prepared to deal with it.


The total tourism revenue in 2000-2012 is selected as the indicator,by means of range,standard deviation,relative range and relative coefficients of variation to calculate for the tourism economic absolute and relative differences in western region,by using Theil index to decompose the western region,calculating region and area difference and the ratio which contributes to the overall difference respectively. The results show that the absolute difference of tourism economic in the western region is gradually expanding,the relative difference is gradually reduced; northwest area difference is the main factor causing the difference. Then calculating the correlation coefficient between tourism resources,transportation convenience,the level of economic development and domestic tourism and inbound tourism revenue by correlation coefficient method,the results indicate that there is a significant correlation between them.


Background. It is unknown whether long nocturnal (6–7 times weekly 6–8 hours) hemodialysis (NHD) is better than frequent short hemodialysis ('daily', quotidian hemodialysis, QHD). Methods. A Dutch NHD pilot study ('Nocturne') started in December 2001. We can now evaluate effects of 4 months NHD in 14 patients. Baseline dialysis frequency was 3.5 or less (3.13 ± 0.23, M ± SD) in group A (n = 8), and 4 or more (5.0 ± 0.89) in group B (n = 6), weekly dialysis time was equal in both groups. Results. Single pool Kt/V, being higher in group B at baseline, increased in both groups (A: 3.1 ± 0.8/week to 9.5 ± 2.3, B: 3.8 ± 1.0 to 10.9 ± 4.1). Baseline nPCR, being higher in group B, increased in both groups (A: 1.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/week to 1.4 ± 0.3, and B: 1.2 ± 0.5 to 1.8 ± 0.5). Baseline albumin was higher in group B, and increased in group A (39.6 ± 3.7 g/l to 43.2 ± 1.5), not in B (41.4 ± 2.3 to 42.8 ± 2.3). Target weight increased only in group A (71.8 ± 10.5 kg to 75.3 ± 11.9), not in B (71.4 ± 25.5 to 71.3 ± 26.7). NHD resulted in normophosphatemia in both groups despite phosphate supplementation and cessation of phosphate binders. PTH decreased in both groups (A: 40.6 ± 38.0 pmol/l to 14.4 ± 11.7, B: 35.6 ± 37.7 to 22.4 ± 41.5). In both groups, pre- and postdialysis mean arterial pressure decreased (A: 106.8 ± 7.9 mmHg to 94.4 ± 12.1 and 97.3 ± 9.5 mmHg to 86.3 ± 8.2, B: 102.2 ± 28.4 to 89.4 ± 9.5 and 90.3 ± 26.8 to 82.7 ± 12.9). Antihypertensives were discontinued or markedly reduced. Fatigue, insomnia, prurigo, restlessness, appetite, physical condition, working ability and quality of life (SF36) improved significantly in both groups. Conclusion. This small pilot study suggests that phosphate and PTH control, blood pressure, uremic symptoms and quality of life improve when conventional hemodialysis or QHD patients switch to NHD. Nutritional parameters improve only in the previously conventionally treated group.


This thesis reports the synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent emitters for the application in organic light-emitting diodes. Thereby, the focus lies on their chemical degradation behavior in order to gain a deeper knowledge of the prevalent mechanisms, responsible for materials- and therefore device-deterioration.
Chapter 1 summarizes recent advances, but also the occurring problems in the elucidation of manifold chemical degradation pathways proceeding in a working OLED device. Starting with a short overview of the chemical mechanisms themselves and the analytical techniques used for their investigation, the gained insights are discussed for all groups of functional materials present in a device. Commonalities in their degradation behavior are highlighted. The observed products, in combination with the results of quantum chemical calculations, shed light on the type of bonds, structural features or electronic states that are unfavorable. Implications on the structural improvement of the materials are drawn and backed by literature examples.
Chapter 2 reports the fast derivatization of the prominent emitting lead structure tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Ir(ppy)3 via a combinatorial approach. Post-modification of a bromo-functionalized precursor is achieved by palladium catalyzed C-C and C-N coupling reactions. Through the establishment of a chromatography based screening-setup, complex libraries of up to ten structurally diverse derivatives can be separated and the individual complexes identified, photophysically characterized and evaluated in terms of their photostability. Interesting effects of the substitution pattern on the emission properties could be observed, like the dual emission of some heteroleptic complexes. A comparison of the obtained quantum yields with those of literature known complexes revealed that the introduction of flexibility into the system must not necessarily cause a decrease in the luminescence efficiencies. The finding implies that dendritic ligand structures, which are known for their improved solubility, preserve good quantum efficiencies if the rigidity of the emitting core is retained. Photodegradation studies on the complexes showed interesting general tendencies of the degradation behavior under the influence of oxygen, and a deterioration of these complexes via their excited state can be deduced.
Adhering to palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions, we tried to broaden the pool of combinatorial derivatization protocols by developing a suitable C-O coupling procedure. Chapter 3 reports the tested synthetic pathways. Performing Buchwald-Hartwig couplings, the most dominant side reaction is the hydrodehalogenation of the brominated precursor, due to the assumed very slow reductive elimination step in the catalytic cycle. Nevertheless a catalytic system could be identified, yielding moderate conversion, which acts as starting point for the further optimization of reaction conditions. With the intention to perform C-O bond formations according to a Chan-Lam protocol, tris(5'-pinacolatoboron-2-phenylpyridine)-iridium(III) was successfully synthesized. Although no conversion of this complex with aryl alcohols could be achieved yet, this derivative shows potential for the application in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions with arylhalogenides. Compared to the protocol presented in Chapter 2 this "inverse" strategy, allows for a greater variation of substituents as arylhalogenides are synthetically easier accessible and cheaper than boronic acids.
Back to our efforts to gain a deeper understanding on the degradation behavior of phosphorescent emitters, Chapter 4 provides the results of irradiation experiments on four well-known iridium complexes. The influence of different solvents as well as oxygen on the complex stability was studied by determining the degradation rates and identifying deterioration products of each compound. The detrimental effect of halogenated solvents on the complex lifetimes could be observed and degradation pathways, induced by singlet oxygen reactions or excited state mechanisms, were identified. In this chapter it is shown, that the degradation of these materials proceeds in a very complex way as several mechanism can interlock.
In Chapter 5, finally the focus was changed towards platinum complexes as emitters in OLED applications. New tetradentate, phenylpyridine based ligand systems were successfully synthesized. The respective complexes show emission in the green to turquoise region, depending on the electronic character of the substituents. The detrimental character of fluorine substituents could be observed in the significantly decreased quantum efficiencies as well as lower photostabilities in solid films. Nonetheless, this new class of tetradenate platinum complexes exhibits photostabilities comparable to the prominent stable, green emitting Ir(ppy)3. A device performance equal to that of Ir(ppy)3 render the fluorene bridged complex 6,6'-(9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(2-phenylpyridine)-platinum(II) a promising representative of phosphorescent platinum(II) emitters for OLED-applications.


Papia Sengupta's Language as Identity in Colonial India: Policies and Politics provides a rich analysis of the central role played by British colonialism in politicizing language and the subsequent emergence of India's (plural) nationalism. The book also addresses conceptual and normative matters about the need for, and benefits of, recognizing people's linguistic identities and linguistic diversity. Sengupta forcefully argues against the monolingual and monistic understanding of the nation and makes a compelling plea for pluralism, both as a frame to understand India and as a desirable aspiration. Chapter one provides a theoretical framework presenting language as inextricable from identity and understanding. Drawing on philosophical contributions from Plato to Humboldt and Herder, Sengupta argues that languages encapsulate meaning systems, values, and the aspirations of people. In chapters two and three, Sengupta traces the evolution of linguistic issues during pre-colonial to colonial times in Bengal and other regions of India. Chapter two places an emphasis on education policy, particularly the first language controversy in India between Anglicists and Orientalists around the 1813 Charter for Education. The victory of the Anglicists resulted in English gaining the normative attributes associated with power, status and upward mobility, while a belief was implanted in many Indian minds about their inferiority. In chapter three, the author presents the main argument of the book:


Text clustering and classification has been studied at large in machine learning literature. For clustering text, topic modeling algorithms are statistical methods to discover unseen structures in archives of documents. Equally important, Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have been successfully applied for classifying text without knowing information about syntactic and semantic aspects of a language. In this paper, we utilizes both clustering and classification algorithms to organize and classify topics from final project reports. In clustering task, we examine two techniques, that are Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) functioning as a unigram model and LDA supported by a Skip-gram model. Our results show each topical distribution of words found by the techniques are truly representing keywords from every topic; to elaborate, skipgram model that works hand in hand with LDA are suitable to acquire topical words from the final report topics. For our classification task, we analyze the application of ConvNets, artificial neural nets with ReLU activation functions, and traditional algorithms. Concretely, our findings suggest that selecting parts of a report that contains essential information is very important for ConvNets to learn. Additionally, traditional algorithms is more preferrable than neural nets-based algorithms if the size of dataset is less than 20,000; as a result, our traditional algorithms, specifically Ridge classifier, PassiveAggressive, and Support Vector Machines outperform neural nets-based algorithms significantly.


Speech processing in adults relies on precise and specialized networks, located primarily in the left hemisphere. Behavioural studies in infants indicate that a considerable amount of language learning already takes place in the first year of life in the domains of phonology, prosody, and word segmentation. Thanks to the progress of neuro-imaging, we can move beyond behavioural methods and examine how the infant's brain processes verbal stimuli before learning. These studies reveal a structural and functional organization close to what is described in adults and suggest a strong bias for speech processing in these regions that might guide infants in the discovery of the properties of their native language, although no evidence can be provided as yet for speech specificity of such networks.


Abstract Loss, trauma, grief, and suffering are a normal part of a therapist's work. In the business of caring for people, therapists are often least trained in practice of self care. Sometimes the best trained professionals become tired, fatigued, ineffective and even iatrogenic. This column reflects on the vulnerability of therapists, how therapists may become aware of their own personal reactions to the stories of the lives of the people they work with, as well as their friends and family. The author also shares some common ways to recognize when one becomes fatigued as a professional and how to prevent from 'burnout.'


Objective To investigate the Bank of cesarean myomectomy is feasible.Methods In recent years,20 cases of cesarean section intraoperative myomectomy cases and childbirth without complications,pregnant women over the same period 20 cases were analyzed.Results There were the operative time and blood loss and hospital stay was no significant difference(P0.05),20 cases of cesarean myomectomy intraoperative pathological specimens of patients were uterine fibroids.Conclusion Cesarean section intraoperative myomectomy is feasible.


This paper provides historic data through 2009 on the number and percentage of nonelderly individuals with and without health insurance. Based on EBRI® estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau's March 2010 Current Population Survey (CPS), it reflects 2009 data. It also discusses trends in coverage for the 1994-2009 period and highlights characteristics that typically indicate whether an individual is insured. The percentage of the nonelderly population (under age 65) with health insurance coverage decreased to 81.1 percent in 2009. Increases in health insurance coverage have been recorded in only four years since 1994, when 36.5 million nonelderly individuals were uninsured. The percentage of nonelderly individuals without health insurance coverage was 18.9 percent in 2009, up from 17.4 percent in 2008, and its highest level during the 1994-2009 period. These trends are due to job losses resulting from the recent recession and slow economic recovery, fewer workers being eligible for coverage, and more workers with coverage dropping it. Employment-based health benefits remain the most common form of health coverage in the United States. In 2009, 59 percent of the nonelderly population had employment-based health benefits, down from 68.4 percent in 2000. Public program health coverage expanded as a percentage of the population in 2009, accounting for 21.1 percent of the nonelderly. Enrollment in Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program increased, reaching a combined 44.1 million in 2009, and covering 16.7 percent of the nonelderly population, significantly above the 10.5 percent level of 1999. Individually purchased health coverage was unchanged in 2009 and has basically hovered in the 6-7 percent range since 1994. 2009 is the most recent year for data on sources of health coverage. Unemployment in 2010 averaged 9.7 percent between January and August and reached a high of 9.9 percent in April. As a result, the nation is likely to see continued erosion of employment-based health benefits when the data for 2010 are released in 2011. Fewer individuals will be working, which means fewer individuals with access to health benefits in the work place, and coupled with uncertainty about the economy, the future of job security, and prospects for health reform, an increasing number of workers are likely to forego coverage when it is available. In addition, COBRA subsidies that were meant to stem the erosion in employment-based coverage expired during the summer of 2010.


This paper presents an analysis of a resonant microstrip ring containing a small reciprocal discontinuity. The equivalent circuit parameters of microstrip discontinuities can be measured accurately with this inexpensive arrangement by observing the shift of the ring resonances. Measurements of the inductance of such cylindrical metallic obstacles are compared with theoretical values obtained with a variational method.


Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the ability of the peach fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) to tolerate the lack of some food components (water - sugar - protein). These tests performed in three groups. 1- Continuous feeding (from emergence till death). 2- Feeding for the first 24 hours after emergence. 3- Feeding for the second 24 hours after emergence. Each group composed of the following treatments: sugar only feeding, protein only feeding, water only feeding,  sugar and water feeding, sugar and protein feeding,  water and protein feeding, sugar solution (10%) feeding and protein solution (5% buminal) feeding .in addition to two control treatments, Complete starvation and complete meal composed of water, sugar and protein. Results revealed that for the three feeding groups, sugar was the most significant component in the diet and its absence led to obvious reduction of fly life span. Presence of sugar, either alone or in combination with water or protein or even as a 10 % solution, compared to the sugar – free treatments, followed by water comes in the second rank (either alone or in combination with sugar or protein), and protein (either alone or in combination with water or sugar or in the form of 5 % solution) is the least significance.


Integrated Dispatching and Control System (IDCS) is an inevitable outcome of power grid dispatching automation as it develops to a certain stage, it provides important technical support for the construction of state grids integrated operation system. This paper firstly analyzes system construction and application status of IDCS, then summarizes existing problems and studies key technologies of IDCS from the aspects of improving systems intellectualization, security, rapidity and user-friendliness. Meanwhile, the developing foreground of IDCS will be conducted, expecting to provide some beneficial thoughts for relevant research and development.


The implementation of student credit loan system is an inexorable choice of the country to ensure university students from poverty stricken families to accomplish their studies. However, the system is impeded by the poor credit of some students. It is an urgent task to strengthen credit education, make credit laws and set up a personal information system of the loan student. Meanwhile, the remission of part or even all of the loan should be allowed concerning the actual condition of the poor students.


OBJECTIVE To identify the pharmacognostic character of Embelia laeta.METHODS The identification of origin,morphological identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were carried out.RESULTS The wall of the cork layer was thickened as celluliform.Endodermal cells were small and contained brown substances,In the ray of which round oil cells were found in the ray.Secreted cavity was found in the stems and leaves,and glandular scales were visible in the surface of leaves.Brown block,oil cell,crystal-sheath fiber,square crystals of calcium oxalate and glandular scales were observed in the powder.The determinations of flavonoid were positive and the spot of rutin was observed in TLC identification.CONCLUSION The results can be used to identify and exploit Embelia laeta.


Introduction Nutritional grouping is a herd management strategy that provides different diets to different groups of lactating cows to better fulfill their nutrient requirements. Hence, it can be beneficial by saving feed costs, improving productivity, improving herd health, and decreasing nutrient emissions to the environment (Cabrera and Kalantari, 2016). Total mixed rations have become an industry standard for feeding management. For example, 58% of Wisconsin and Michigan dairy farms used the same TMR for all lactating cows (Contreras-Govea et al., 2015). When feeding only 1 TMR diet, it is usually formulated for high-producing cows to ensure these cows reach their full milk production potential (Weiss, 2014), which results in overfeeding lower-producing cows (Cabrera and Kalantari, 2016). A strategy to relieve this problem is adopting nutritional grouping with more precise diets, which will result in financial advantages due to the better-tailored diet to the cow requirements in a group even when it could require more capital management and labor costs (VandeHaar, 2011). Within this context, Kalantari et al. (2016) studied by simulation modeling the economic efficiency of nutritional grouping in 5 Wisconsin commercial herds. This paper is an adapted excerpt of that study highlighting its practical results.


Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review. Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years. Results. The development of periodontal dysbiosis occurs over a period of time, which slowly turns the symbiotic association of the host and microbe into a pathogenic one. This review examines the current paradigm of periodontitis progression, which calls into question the traditional concept of a disease induced by several particular periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.


List of original publications .............................................................................. 1 List of abbreviations ......................................................................................... 3 1. Review of the literature .............................................................................. 6 1.1 Features of neuronal transmission .................................................. 6 1.2 Synaptic plasticity ........................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Hebbian synaptic plasticity ........................................................ 9 184.108.40.206 Short-term synaptic plasticity ................................................. 9 126.96.36.199 Long term synaptic plasticity ................................................. 11 184.108.40.206 Spike timing dependent plasticity......................................... 17 1.2.2 Homeostatic synaptic plasticity ................................................ 18 1.3 Neuronal plasticity ......................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Timeline of plasticity ................................................................. 19 1.3.2 Tools to trigger iPlasticity .......................................................... 21 188.8.131.52 Environmental enrichment ................................................... 21 18.104.22.168 Fluoxetine .............................................................................. 22 220.127.116.11 Ketamine and isoflurane ....................................................... 23 1.3.3 Features of iPlasticity ................................................................ 24 126.96.36.199 Role of BDNF and TrkB ........................................................ 24 220.127.116.11 Role of extracellular matrix ................................................... 26 18.104.22.168 Disinhibition as a mechanism of iPlasticity .......................... 27 18.104.22.168 Role of Neurogenesis ............................................................. 28 126.96.36.199 iPlasticity and behavior ......................................................... 28 2. Aims of study ............................................................................................ 32 3. Materials and methods ............................................................................ 33 3.1 Experimental animals ................................................................... 33 3.2 Drug treatment .............................................................................. 33 3.3 Behavior ........................................................................................ 34 3.4 Lentivirus production (study i) ..................................................... 35 3.5 Stereotactic injections (study i) .................................................... 36 3.6 Western blotting (study iii) ........................................................... 36 3.7 Imunohistochemistry (study i, ii) ................................................. 38 3.8 Electrophysiology (study iii, iv) .................................................... 39 3.9 Data acquisition and statistical analysis ....................................... 40 4. Results ...................................................................................................... 42 4.1 iPlasticity in pathology (study i, ii) ................................................... 42 4.1.1 Fear erasure depends on BDNF in amygdala (study i) ............. 43 4.2 iPlasticity in health (study i, iii, iv) ................................................... 44 4.2.1 Flx induces iplasticity in naïve mice (study i, iii) ...................... 44 4.2.2 Flx facilitates synaptic plasticity (study iii) ............................... 45 4.2.3 Isoflurane iPlasticity (study iv) ................................................. 47 5. Discussion ................................................................................................ 49 5.1 Flx as an antidepressant ................................................................ 49 5.2 Mechanisms of flx iPlasticity ......................................................... 52 5.2.1 Flx and structural plasticity ....................................................... 52 5.2.2 Flx and synaptic plasticity ......................................................... 53 5.3 Isoflurane iPlasticity ...................................................................... 58 5.4 Specific vs common features of Flx and isoflurane iPlasticity ...... 59 6. Conclusions .............................................................................................. 61 7. Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 63 8. Bibliography ............................................................................................. 65


Based on the fiber optic measurement technology,an experimental prototype was established for gas turbine dynamic gap detection.The system composition was described in detail.A novel probe was designed,the corresponding compensation project was put forward and the key technology of prototype was studied.The experimental results showed that the fiber optic sensor system could implement the vane dynamic gap measurement in a bad,high temperature and speed environment.


Thoracolumbar injuries presenting in a delayed manner are uncommon, and their etiologies are varied ranging from missed injuries, wrong initial management, and delayed presentation for treatment. While improvements in healthcare awareness and delivery systems worldwide have improved the acute management of spinal injuries, the diagnosis and management of delayed spinal injuries remains a challenge to the treating physician regarding intraoperative difficulties, perioperative complications, and subsequent rehabilitation. Sequel of delayed presentation such as neurological deficit, spinal deformity, capsular contractures, muscle wasting, pulmonary and urinary tract infections and pressure sores have a significant bearing on the outcomes of management of delayed spinal trauma. Indications for surgical management include axial pain, neurological deficit, and kyphotic deformity. Management options include anterior corpectomy and fusion, combined anterior posterior surgery, and an all-posterior spinal decompression and deformity correction.


"What is the upshot of these remarks?"
 First of all they stress the importance for medical science of open minded observation—of "watching and wondering." This basic scientific method is still too often looked down upon by those blinded by the glamor of apparatus, by the prestige of tests, and by the temptation to turn to drugs . . ."
 Medical science and practice meet with a growing sense of unease and lack of confidence from the side of the general public. The causes are complex, but at least in one respect the situation could be improved: a little more open mindedness, a little more collaboration with other biologic sciences and a little more attention to the body as a whole and the unity of body and mind could substantially enrich the field of medical research.


Censuses were the only source of information about fertility levels and differentials until recently. The first national probability sample that interviewed in the U.S. on questions of fertility did not take place until 1955; second and third studies were conducted in 1960 and in 1965. Such studies have been carried out in the developing countries also. The average completed family size for the developing regions is about 5.3-5.5 children; in the developed regions it is less than 3. In terms of the concept of desired family size people in developing countries want more children than in industrialized countries. However they no longer want large families. Knowledge of contraceptives is greater among men than women well-educated than less-educated etc. Male methods of contraception are used far more than the female methods. The problems of interpreting replies to attitudinal questions are also discussed in terms of the questions of validity and reliability of survey data.


A key challenge to tomorrow's real-time 3D rendering engines has been the memory bandwidth barrier, which limits how fast an image can be painted onto image memory. Another has been the floating point throughput that limits how much world coordinate data can be mapped to the screen. Other traditional challenges remain. The 3D engine must be small, modular, and affordable so it can be integrated into tomorrow's vision systems easily. Ways to overcome these barriers are being developed by implementing novel 3D renderer prototypes on a new "software breadboard." The breadboard, implemented in C and VHDL, permits rapid evaluation of promising concepts using off-the-shelf models and high level structures. The breadboard, being developed under the auspices of Wright Laboratory, will help determine which functions should be implemented using ASICs. Breadboard benchmarks and associated analyses show that a single card, capable of rendering useful real-time "out-the-window" scenes, is feasible today. The "software breadboard" is being used to design tomorrow's real-time 3D renderers.<<ETX>>


The aim of the research is to assess the practical relevance of time-based strategies: in what economic sectors is time-based competition observed and what consequences do such strategies have on freight transport volumes? The paper describes the approach chosen to investigate the problem. A macro model is presented for decomposing freight transport figures; explanations for the macro transport trends are found using case study research. The case study interviews are constructed around three basic elements: logistics chain analysis; stated preference experiment on the choice for a transport service; and stated adaptation experiment providing knowledge about conceivable and practical reactions to future transport policy initiatives. During spring 1999, interviews with logistics managers of 33 large food manufacturing firms were conducted.


This paper presents the localization of a quad-rotor system using a camera for indoor application. To localize the quad-rotor system with a camera, several practical issues are addressed. Firstly, radially distorted images by a convex lens should be corrected. Secondly, markers are used to detect the position and the heading angle of the system. Lastly, position with respect to different heights should be calibrated. Experimental studies confirm the localization based on a vision system.


A separation surface set storage part stores information defining a plurality of separation surfaces which separate a feature space into at least one known class region respectively corresponding to at least one known class and an unknown class region. Each of the at least one known class region is separated from outside region by more than one of the plurality of separation surfaces which do not intersect to each other. A data classification apparatus determine a classification of a classification target data whose inner product in the feature space is calculable by calculating to which region of the at least one known class region and the unknown class region determined by the information stored in the separation surface set storage part the classification target data belongs. A method and apparatus for data classification which can simultaneously perform identification and outlying value classification with high reliability in a same procedure are provided.


the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, both above and below the umbilicus, was 0.68 (p < 0.01) and 0.75 (p < 0.01), respectively. Mean (SD) width of the rectus muscle was 1.0 cm (0.1) and correlated with BMI (r ¼ 0.29; p < 0.05). The accuracy of placement of levobupivacaine is shown in Table 1. Discussion The results of this study suggest that, with respect to RSB in adult patients, improved accuracy and a reduction in potential complications are best achieved using US guidance. A fascial plane lying at a variable distance above the anterior layer of the rectus muscle was commonly observed. Blind puncture of this fascial plane may be wrongly interpreted as that of the anterior layer of the rectus sheath muscle. US guidance may also be useful in improving the accuracy of other regional techniques normally reliant on LOR through fascial planes.


Past studies of plate driving forces have concluded that the forces due to subducted slabs in the upper mantle and those due to the thickening of the oceanic lithosphere are the principal driving forces. We reexamine the balance of driving forces for the present-day and extend our analysis through the Cenozoic, using an analytical torque balance method which accounts for interactions between plates via viscous coupling to the induced mantle flow. We use an evolving mantle density heterogeneity field based on the last 200 Myr. of subduction to drive plate motions, an approach which has proven successful in predicting the present-day mantle heterogeneity field. We find that for plausible upper mantle viscosities the forces due to subducted slabs in the Cenozoic and Mesozoic account for in excess of 90% of plate driving forces and those due to lithospheric thickening for less than 10%.


A broadband dynamic transducer is used to apply a continuous acoustic excitation at the lips for purposes of measuring the vocal tract area function. A pair of closely spaced microphones inside the tube that conveys this excitation signal is used to resolve forward and backward going acoustic wave components. The reflection coefficients of the vocal tract are obtained by a migration operator which transforms wave components measured at the lips into the equivalent causal response to a finite duration wavelet incident at successive depths into the vocal tract. The accuracy of this measurement technique is influenced by (1) the bandwidth limit imposed by the separation of the microphone pair, (2) the stability of microphone gain, and (3) the sensitivity of the microphones to structure borne vibrations. The combined influence of these limits on accuracy is determined experimentally by making acoustic measurements of the area functions of epoxy molds made to the dimensions of vowels derived from Fant's x‐ray ...


W ith the help of 3D geometrical data from CT scanning as well as computer software for placement planning or provision, guided safe and precise implant placement has become possible based on the available bone volume. However, predictions of the initial implant stability and stress distribution through the implant after integration are also important. Since multislice CT (MSCT) data have not only geometrical information but also bone quality information based on Hounsfield units (CT value), it is theoretically possible to select an implant placement site with a high CT value to obtain good initial stability as well as create a 3D finite element model for deciding the length and diameter of an implant in relation to stress distribution in a given clinical case. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the possibility of utilizing CT bone density data for predicting the initial implant stability and stress around integrated implants with an overdenture abutment using actual clinical data.


The paper offers an analysis of the interview data collected in the project "Politics and everyday life: Three years later" in terms of three main topics: attitudes to the political sphere, change of social system, and the democratic public sphere. The analysis focuses on ambivalences expressed in the responses which, under the surface of overall disappointment and discontent, may contain preserved results of the previously achieved "social learning" and their positive potentials. The main objective was to examine to what extent the processes of political maturation of citizens, identified in the 2002 study, have continued. After pointing to a number of shifts in people's views of politics which generally do not contradict the tendencies outlined in 2002 (such as deemotionalization and depersonalization of politics, insistence on efficiency of public officials and on a clearer articulation of positions on the political scene), it is argued that the process of rationalization of political culture has not stopped, but it manifests itself differently in changed circumstances. The republican euphoria of 2002 has been replaced by resignation, with a stronger individualist orientation and a commitment to professional achievement.


Neural Networks (NNW) were used to tag the inclusive ! K 0 S X decay at the Z 0 energy. Two feed-forward NNW's were trained with the back propagation algorithm, to select respectively Z 0 ! + ? events and K 0 S ! + ? decays. They were used to process the data collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP in 1993. The selection eeciency and purity achieved with the NNW at each step of the analysis were compared with those obtained using linear cuts.


Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluatethe use of oral health services (OHS) and relatedfactors in municipalities with more than 100,000inhabitants in Maranhao, Brazil. It was a popu-lation-based sample including 1214 children and1059 adults. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimatedby hierarchical Poisson regression in accordancewith Andersen's theoretical model. Over 91% ofchildren and 71.9% of adults had not used theOHS in the six months prior to the interview. Ofthose who did, 48.5% were attended in the Uni-fied Health System (SUS). Preventive were morefrequent than curative procedures. In childrenand adults, predisposing, facilitating and need-based factors explained the use of OHS. Childrenaged >2 years (PR=5.29), with greater schoolingof the head of the household (PR=2.37), e"6 pre-natal visits (PR=1.69) and dental treatment needs(PR=9.54) were associated with greater use of theOHS. In adults, use was associated with greaterschooling (PR=2.26), economic class A/B(PR=1.38), self-perceived health as good/very good(PR=1.72) and need for treatment (PR=18.25).The use of the OHS is neither universal nor equi-table and there are deficiencies in comprehensivecare, as few people use the more complex services.Fewer prenatal visits appear to be a predictor ofnon-use of the OHS by children.


Coastal storms and climate observations have been compiled for east coast Australia from records going back to European discovery (1770) and settlement (1788). The 200 year record incorporates a wide range of indicators and observations on climate change, climatic variability and coastline response. While early 1800's records are indicative, records from the mid 1800's are more reliable and blend into climatic observations commenced in late 1800's. Analysis over centuries allows longer term climate change trends to be differentiated from climate variability. The study demonstrates the variable and oscillating nature of coastal climatic events over years and especially decades (climate variability). Despite multi-decadal oscillations of climate and coastal response, an underlying long term erosion trend is indicated by loss of inshore sediment and a retreating inland storm face cut into stranded late Pleistocene dunes. The trend of a slowly rising sea level is attributed to climate change.


Abstract Given the previously established, social, economic, and healthful benefits of nearby nature in local environments, we argue that the provision of publicly funded street trees as a positive...


Kohlenberg's second order sampling allows a bandpass signal to be sampled at the theoretical minimum rate of 2 times the bandwidth. The theoretical minimum sampling rate is impractical in the sense that any engineering imperfections in the implementation will cause aliasing. In this paper, second order sampling at above the theoretical minimum rate is studied, a guard-band will be included between the positions of the shifted spectrum components. Finally a simplified reconstruction formula for second order sampling is derived, and comparisons to Kohlenberg's second order sampling and uniform bandpass sampling theorem are also given in this paper.


We propose to model the evolution of the interface defect density, induced by the hot-carrier-injection, during stress time for n-MOSFET transistor. This interface defect density is modeled by a spatial and temporal gaussian distribution centered close to the extremity of the channel near the drain. The gaussian Parameters (standard deviation and maximum) vary according to the stress. The stress generated defects leads to the degradation of the threshold voltage. The analysis of the threshold voltage evolution with stress time allows us to handle informations on the device performances degradation. The mathematic expression is simple so that the present model is suitable for circuit simulator.


Processing conditions determine both the morphology and the carbon black (CB) distribution in con- ductive polymer composites (CPCs). Good control of these parameters is essential to obtain reproducible electrical properties. We found that for extruded tapes of poly(buty- lene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly(olefin) (OLE)-CB blends, an increase of both processing temperature and screw speed leads to a significant decrease of resistivity. This shift factor, more important with PBT/poly(ethylene)-CB than with PBT/poly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate)-CB, is attributed to viscosity variations of all compounds. A decrease of viscos- ity promotes CB aggregation at the PBT/OLE interface and creates larger conductive channels by coalescence. Never- theless, the CB concentration effect appears predominant compared to the morphology effect to explain resistivity variations. This interesting finding can be used either to improve reproducibility of electrical properties or to adjust electrical properties without changing CPC formulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2151-2157, 2004


This paper studies the problem of parameter learning in graphical models having latent variables, where the standard approach is the expectation maximization algorithm alternating expectation (E) and maximization (M) steps. However, both E and M steps are computationally intractable for high dimensional data, while the substitution of one step to a faster surrogate for combating against intractability can often cause failure in convergence. To tackle the issue, the Contrastive Divergence (CD) learning scheme has been popularly used in the deep learning community, where it runs the mean-field approximation in E step and a few cycles of Markov Chains (MC) in M step. In this paper, we analyze a variant of CD, called Adiabatic Persistent Contrastive Divergence (APCD), which runs a few cycles of MCs in both E and M steps. Using multi-time-scale stochastic approximation theory, we prove that APCD converges to a correct optimum, where the standard CD is impossible to have such a guarantee due to the mean-field approximation gap in E step. Despite of such stronger theoretical guarantee of APCD, its possible drawback is on slow mixing on E step for practical purposes. To address the issue, we also design a hybrid approach applying both mean-field and MC approximations in E step, where it outperforms the standard mean-field-based CD in our experiments on real-world datasets.


This is a frank, courageous and aggressively toned book on the importance of family relationships in mental health and illness. The subtitle, Diagnosis and Treatment of Family Relationships, and the organization of sections on Theoretical, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects give some notion of its scope. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY is credited with earlier publication of a key paper, &dquo;The Principles of Shared Responsibility for Child Rearing&dquo;, which is now adapted for this volume. From a still earlier paper, &dquo;The Family as a Social and Emotional Unit&dquo;, appearing in 1937, to the present, Dr. Ackerman has held unswervingly to this course useful to social psychiatry. As he states, in these days of increased interest in ego psychology, group dynamics, and theory of interpersonal communication (p. 302), there is now more reason for optimism among those holding such views. We all know of the difficulties of dealing successfully with a patient's problems if family diagnosis and treatment are overlooked. We are beginning to realize that in a total biosocial viewpoint, one goes beyond the individual (and even the family) to a consideration of all the stress-producing social and cultural factors influencing the family and individual relationships. The final chapter on &dquo;Values, Family Structure and Mental Health&dquo;, although it is one of the shortest, is therefore one of the best; it points ahead even beyond the central substance of this book to the larger variables, social and cultural, which will have to be used in defining the types of family structures, or, to borrow from Ackerman's earliest paper on the topic, the kinds of &dquo;social and emotional units&dquo; found in specific societies.


Three new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, wilsonianadilactones A-C (1-3), together with twelve known ones, i.e., 4-15, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. Their structures were established by means of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and compound I was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic diffraction. Compounds 1-3 showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity with EC(50) values of 23.5, 55.5, and 66.4 mu g/ml, respectively.


Mobile cellular communications revolutionized in communication system applications. The present mobile cellular communication networks normally often suffer from poor penetration and reception in certain areas, like indoor and apartments in turn decreasing quality of service. The main backbone of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE)- mobile network is internet. In order to reduced the traffic and enhance data rates, femtocell can be used to improve wireless coverage over a small area, especially in indoor and urban environment. Femtocell is a small cellular base station that connects to a broadband Internet connection. The major technical challenges of femtocells are cross-tier, Intra-tier and user equipment interference, quality of service, handover operation and spectral accuracy. The predominate issue is cross-tier interference constituting macro cell and femtocell networks constitutes the greater portion of interference in terms of adjacent channel interference. In this paper, Interference levels in reception of heterogeneous LTE Network by using two different path loss models are investigated. Signal to interference ratio and the throughput are estimated The trade-off between selections of Femto or Macro BS link by the User Equipment (UE) is examined by considering number of walls and penetration losses of Computer Block (7 floors, 10 walls), KL University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India. It is found that that model-2 is better in Interference mitigation and path loss estimation compared to model-1.