The theme of our work is centred on humanoid motion planning and balancing using evolutionary computational techniques. Evolutionary techniques, inspired by the Darwinian evolution of biological systems, make use of the concept of the iterative progress of a population of solutions with the aim of finding an optimally fit solution to a given problem. The problem we address here is that of asymmetric motion generation for humanoids, with the aim of automatically developing a series of motions to resemble certain predefined postures. An acceptable trajectory and stability is of the utmost concern in our work. In developing these motions, we are utilizing genetic algorithms coupled with heuristic knowledge of the problem domain. Unlike other types of robots, humanoids are complex in both construction and operation due to their myriad degrees of freedom and the difficulty of balancing on one or more limbs. The work presented in this paper includes the adopted methodology, experimental setup, results and an analysis of the outcome of a series of evolutionary experiments conducted for generating the said asymmetric motions.


Green grass jelly (Premna serratifolia L.) is a vine or coiled plant originating from Southeast Asia. Green grass jelly cultivation in Indonesia is still relatively low due to the difficulty of cultivating grass jelly plants, especially in terms of plant propagation. In general, propagation is done by stem cuttings. PGR that is often used is synthetic ZPT, one of which is Rootone F, but its use is less effective in terms of economy. it is necessary to substitute with ZPT derived from natural materials or from the use of household and industrial wastes such as coconut water, rice washing water, and tofu waste water. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soaking natural PGR in coconut water, rice washing water, and tofu waste water and to find out the best natural PGR ingredients for the growth of green grass jelly plants. This study used an experimental design used was a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of four treatments and was repeated five times so that twenty experimental units were obtained with 3 samples each, requiring 60 plants. P1=0.1 gL-1 Rootone F (positive control), P2=450 ml.L-1 young coconut water, P3=450 ml.L-1 rice washing water, P4=450 ml.L-1 tofu dregs water.


Results of radiation effects and annealing studies are presented for amorphous silicon solar cells from three manufacturers. Data scale well with ionizing dose in many cases for proton, x-ray, and electron irradiation. Significant long-term annealing occurs at room temperature. Results for small-area diodes are in reasonable agreement with findings for monolithic modules. Damage mechanisms in irradiated and illuminated devices are compared.


Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with several diseases including gastritis, gastric ulcer, pancreatic cancer and iron deficiency anemia. Different epidemiological studies reported controversial findings on the association between O blood group and H. pylori infection. This meta-analysis was conducted to verify the association between H. pylori infection and O blood group. Random-effects model was used to pool data on the association between H. pylori infection and O blood group in 18 selected studies. DerSimonian Liard statistic was used to estimate the effect size. Stability of the pooled estimates was assessed by sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed by using funnel plot and Egger's test. Fourteen of the 18 included studies reported no significant association between H. pylori infection and O blood group. Among ten reviewed studies which were conducted among dyspeptic patients, four showed statistically significant association. However, none of six studies conducted among asymptomatic patients demonstrated statistically significant association. The pooled effect size showed no statistically significant association between O blood group and H. pylori infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% CI [0.95, 1.48]). However, the pooled effect size under stratified meta-analysis turned to be statistical significant among studies conducted in dyspeptic patients (OR = 1.44; 95% CI [1.03, 2.01]). The analysis did not show statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and O blood group among all study participants. However, statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and O blood group was observed in a subset of studies conducted among dyspeptic patients. Caution should be made while interpreting the finding as the severity of dyspepsia is not standardized and different H. pylori strains were not taken into account.

 Key words: Helicobacter pylori, ABO blood group, O blood group, meta-analysis.


This chapter addresses the role of multimodal semiotic systems in teaching science through English as a second language. We argue that pedagogical concerns should focus on language and other semiotic choices that teachers use to scaffold their students' learning. Through an investigation of the inter-relationship of different semiotic systems (modalities), we are able to develop models of best practice that can help inform teachers. We consider two broad educational contexts: one that is becoming more prevalent, where it may happen that English is neither the primary language for the students nor for the teachers, as in Hong Kong, and one that is commonplace in places, such as Australia, where there is a large proportion of students with English as an additional language studying in a country where English is the predominant language. We use video data from two secondary science classrooms in these two contexts to analyse how the teachers provide multiple access points to meaning and how they scaffold the learners into the disciplinary literacy of science.


There are growing drilling challenges in the subsalt deepwater frontier area of the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the troublesome wells were drilled in salt with embedded rafted sediments, i.e. dirty salt. Salt's low density, negligible permeability, and ductile nature create a unique pore -fracture profile. A clean salt mass is usually driven down-dip by buoyancy. On the other hand, in dirty salt, the sediment's influx thrusts salt to creep down-dip. This leads to plowing the salt sediment interface and creates subsalt gouges. Moreover, thrust force causes principal (sigma1) and minimum (sigma3) stresses to exchange position. The rafted sediment embedded within the salt creates unanticipated excess pressure. The drilling tolerance window (FP-PP), should stay unchanged when penetrating clean salt. In dirty salt an unexpected increase of MW and possible additional casing seats are needed. Penetrating the fragile gouge zone at the salt's base with overbalanced mud leads to the complete failure of mud return, side track attempts and sometimes abandonment. In the cases of Jack vs. St. Malo and Atlantis vs. Hadrian wells, drilling challenges due to penetrating the dirty salt are exhibited. Jack and Atlantis encountered several hurdles whereas, St. Malo and Hadrian reached TD as planned with minimum challenges. Tracking salt's displacement and emplacement history, assigning the correct stress vectors and recognizing the rafted blocks on seismic semblances are important essentials that can help predict the drilling tolerance window (DTW) and better manage drilling in this frontier Salt Toe area. Introduction In the Gulf of Mexico Tertiary-Quaternary, geopressured sediments are mainly caused by compaction disequilibrium phenomenon. Sediment influx and compaction processes due overburden and salt imposition control this process. The presence of salt masses in a sedimentary column contributes to substantial changes in the pore pressure gradients in the host sediments above and below the salt layer. Salt's low density is responsible for retarding the overburden gradient below the salt and, conversely, enhancing it above the salt. The negligible permeability of salt creates a perfect seal and the absence of fluid within the salt body leads to negligible pore pressure. Moreover, salt's ductile nature generates a variety of structural styles that impact the stress orientation and magnitude. Therefore, the complex nature of the subsurface geopressure profile in salt basins represents drilling challenges when testing a subsalt prospect. In the subsalt plays, especially in the frontier salt toe area with a thick seawater column (> 5,000 ft), some of the main engineering challenges are:  Thick water column above the mud line (sea floor) leads to a substantial reduction in the vertical stress. Dual riser drilling was adopted for that.  Drilling through a thick salt body requires special mud chemistry and components  Creeping of shallow salt down-dip can creates slumps along the Sigsbee escarpment, which results in instability and damage to the bore hole and casing during and post operation. While the previously mentioned engineering challenges can be overcome with applying advanced drilling technology, the inherited geological related challenges are far from resolved. They most likely related to:  The embedded rafted blocks of sediments within the salt body, which have pushed down dip contemporaneous with the salt movement.  The gouge zone at the salt base – sediment interface, have created by the salt plowing the older sediments during the salt movement toward the deep basin.  The lateral salt thrust leads to create a lateral tectonic stress greater than the vertical overburden stress. This causes uncertainty in pre-drilling pore – fracture pressure predictions. While there is a great deal known about salt body delineation from geological and geophysical data, this article addresses the Gulf of Mexico Sigsbee salt toe related drilling challenges from a geopressure standpoint. . Definitions and concepts Geological setting The Sigsbee escarpment in the deep water represents the front belt (toe) of the allochthonous Jurassic Louann salt (Figure 1). It is a structural nappe that thrusts the underlying sediments (Rowan et. al., 1999)[1] and forms several structural traps (Chowdhury and Lopez-Mora 2004)[2]. Over a long time (Jurassic-Recent), the salt moved quite a distance from central Texas to the Gulf of Mexico Abyss. Salt buoyancy and influx of younger sediments are the driving AADE-16-FTCE-16 Drilling Challenges Related to Dirty Salt Selim Simon Shaker , Geopressure Analysis Services (G.A.S.) 2 Selim Simon Shaker AADE-16-FTCE-16 mechanism of this long journey. This process intermittently took place due to the immense sediment influx especially during the Pleistocene-Holocene Mississippi delta expansion. Figure 1: Location map shows the Sigsbee escarpment and the associated salt Toe trend. Green and pink are wells targeted Miocene and Wilcox respectively. A sediment drape usually overlays the salt nappe in the presence of nearby deposit feeders. On the other hand, in sediment starved skirt areas, salt can be seen creeping on the sea floor. The stress generated from the lateral movement of the salt creates a variety of compressional structural closures associated with thrust fault systems in the underlying Wilcox and Miocene sediments (Figures 1 and 2). These structural closures are the exploration targets of the new emerging deepwater exploration play. Figure 2: Seismic line at the Sigsbee salt toe shows the salt thrust represents the PS. Sediments buckled up because PS is greater than OB. OB represents the minimum stress (FP). Embedded rafted sediment blocks occasionally carried within the salt mass and moved down dip. This can generate excess pressure cells within the salt. Moreover, the salt plows the underlying sediment and creates a sheared zone of rubble (gouge) at the base of the salt. This causes excessive loss of circulation at the base of salt. . Geopressure Modeling Stress fields, in particular the principal maximum (σ 1 / PS) and principal minimum (σ 3 / Shmin / FP) stresses, determine the pore and fracture pressure envelopes in the subsurface sedimentary column. Principal stress dictates the progress of the pore pressure (PP), meanwhile fracture pressure (FP) represents the pressure breaching limit. The intrusion of salt within the sedimentary column impacts the magnitude of the maximum stress above and below the salt. Salt buoyancy (SB) usually acts upward and has the tendency to accelerate and decelerate the vertical overburden stress above and below the salt respectively. Therefore, the maximum principal stress (PS) is not necessarily represented only by the vertical weight of sediment, which known as the overburden (OB), but also by the addition of salt tectonic stresses (Figure 3). Therefore, calculating the principle stress (PS) as the overburden (OB) can lead to erroneous pore pressure prediction. It is observed that leak off tests (σ 3 / FP) above and within the salt is greater than the estimated OB. Moreover, within the salt body the pore pressure should drop to minimal due to the lack of porosity, permeability and fluid. The difference between FP and PP represents the drilling tolerance window (DTW) limits (Figure.4). Figure 3: Geomechanical model (on the left) shows the lowsalt density impact on the subsurface stress vectors. On right, a dynamic model shows the impact of sedimentation on supra and subsalt stresses. In the extensional mini salt basins, located between the Sigsbee toe and the Shelf edge, the magnitude and direction of the maximum stresses are controlled by sediment load, salt thickness, and salt emplacement-displacement history. Lower pore pressure gradient has been observed below the salt and a higher gradient above the salt barrier (Shaker 2008 a)[3]. However, in a compressional system, the lateral stress generated by the salt movement acts as the maximum principal St. Malo


DOF maglev nanometer precision micro-positioner and applications, mainly used in semiconductor lithography apparatus. The fine movement stage and the spider comprising four actuator two degrees of freedom. Each actuator comprises a two degree of freedom in the vertical polarization direction of the permanent magnet, the horizontal force and the vertical force of the coil of the coil, the permanent magnet is fixed to the end of the cross bracket, the vertical force and the horizontal force of the coil of the permanent magnet coils are arranged sides and below, and to maintain a gap with the permanent magnets; the spider in the vertical direction, and four permanent magnets polarized fine movement stage composition mover; horizontal and vertical force of the coil are fixed by the force of the coil bobbin, the composition of the micro- the stator of the mobile station; the base is fixed to a stator of the fine movement stage. Using two of said fine stage, two linear degrees of freedom and large stroke motor combination, may constitute the double wafer stage lithography machine positioning system. The present invention has a simple structure, a large driving force, light weight, no disturbance of the cable characteristics, easy to achieve high precision, high acceleration micro six degrees of freedom motion.


The quark spin densities related to generalized parton distributions in impact-parameter space and to transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions are reviewed within a light-cone quark model, with focus on the role of the different spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations of quarks. Results for azimuthal spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering due to T-even transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions are also discussed.


Sarıkum Nature Protection area, located in the west of Sinop Province with the registration of 'nature protection area' and declaration of 'grade 1 natural site area', has a wide variety of ecosystems in which lake, swamp, dune, terrestrial forest and floodplain forestland ecosystems change within short distances. The fact that the region has different life alternatives is very important in diversifying wildlife species. With this study, the rodent species that have distributed in the Sarıkum Nature Protection Area have been identified. Field works were carried out between September 2018 and November 2019. Most of the small mammals belonging to order of Rodentia were caught by live catch traps and identified. After the species identification the specimens in the traps were let out to the region which they were captured. In Sarıkum Nature Protection Area, a total of ten different rodent species belonging to 3 families, Sciuridae, Cricetidae and Muridae, have been identified. One species, Sciurus anomalus, which was one of the Sciuridae family species, could be directly observed. Remaining 9 rodent species were detected by using live catch traps. The most frequently caught rodent species among all was Apodemus mystacinus from Muridae family, with a percentage of 23%. The habitat type, where the largest number of rodent species were obtained and observed, were mixed plants and shrub land areas. All of the rodent species identified in Sarıkum Nature Protection Area were in LC (wide spread, low risk) category of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Identification of rodent species in Sarıkum Nature Protection Area contribute to mammalian biodiversity at the regional level and will enable species-based approach in subsequent studies.


There are important synergies between the trust of blockchain and that of trusts law.

This article critically examines the intersection between law and blockchain technology through an exploration of the notional impacts upon orthodox practices and principles of trusts law made by blockchain and other "disruptive" technologies, including smart property and the Internet of Things.


This paper explores how Danish citizens experience digital health
 data and how these in turn affect their understanding of digital health data and their
 self-understanding as a patient. Previous research on digital health data examines primarily
 opportunities and challenges as well as structural effects concluding that having access to
 one's medical data is generally beneficial for patients but also comes with literacy
 challenges. The aim of this research is to look deeper into personal experiences with
 digital health data in order to understand what is at stake when people become digitally
 mapped patients and how experiences of empowerment, independence, perplexity, and doubt
 intermingle when reading one's own health data. Taking a user's view, the paper draws
 theoretically on the concept of 'assemblage' understanding digital health data as a complex
 nexus of user-data relationships. The empirical analysis draws on 16 in-depth purposefully
 sampled interviews that have been coded thematically. The primary analysis shows that
 digital health data creates unique, deeply emotional experiences that lead towards a variety
 of existential questions. Combining the theoretical lens with the empirical analysis this
 paper contributes with what we call 'health assemblages' that highlight the emerging
 relationships and personal emotional attachments users make with their digital health data.
 In conclusion, it can be stated that seeing oneself mapped in data creates unique
 experiences, often challenging the self-understanding of the patient.


Objective:To investigate the role of TNFa,SP and VIP in the pathogenesis of asthma and analyze the relationship between these subjects with FEV1.0% in asthmatic patients.Methods:Peripheral levels of TNFa,SP and VIP were measured with radio immunol assay.Results:The levels of TNFa and SP in acute patients were significantly higher than those in remittent patients and controls,But the level of VIP was significantly lower.Compared with controls,there were difference in the levels of SP and VIP in remittent patients,the levels of TNFa and SP in acute patients were negtively related with FEV1.0%.Conclusion:These factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.the levels of TNFa and SP in acute patients were closely related with the state of the disease.There are alterent in some degree in the levels of SP and VIP in remittent patients,and it is necessary for us to treat patients in remission.


The degradation of metallic materials under the effect of the environment is defined as a corrosion process. Under the aggressive environment, corrosion leads to the formation of corrosion products. The use of inhibitor substance is considered as one way to protect the metal surface against corrosion. The inhibitor is chemically adsorbed py the surface of the metal and forms a protective thin film with inhibitor effect. The protection can also be achieved by a combination of inhibitor ions and metallic surface. The current work was evaluated using corrosion inhabitation of carbon steel in NaCl solution by carbimazole\Zn system. The ability of carbomazole as a good corrosion inhibitor is enhanced by the presence of Zn+2 when the concentration of carbomazole increased and this may be attributed to the protective film formed on the metal surface was withstand the continuous attack of corrosive ions. Also, the formation of complex Fe-carbomizole/Zn+2 linkages on the anodic sites of the metal surface during the immersion time may play a role in the improvement in adsorption of inhibiter system via coverage more area of the metal surface which reduced the exposure of anode sites to the corrosive media. By using Langmuir isotherm model to identify the inhibitor mechanism performance, the values of linear correlation coefficient were close to (1) suggested that the adsorption of the studied inhibitors follows Langmuir isotherm model. Generally, values of ΔGads up to -9.7 kJ/mol are attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface (physical adsorption), whilst those at -10.6 kJ/mol or a little more negative are consistent with chemical bonding of the inhibitor to the sample (Chemisorption).


This study examined the feasibility of the admittance-based method for detecting simulated damage in the bearing plate of a prestressed anchorage. The proposed method utilized the PZT (lead zirconate titanate) interface technique to acquire a strong admittance response from the anchorage. Firstly, the numerical feasibility of the method was demonstrated by detecting the presence of fatigue cracks and preload changes in a fixed–fixed beam-like structure. Next, the experimental verification was carried out using a lab-scale prestressed anchorage model. A PZT interface prototype was designed and surface-mounted on the bearing plate. The admittance response of the PZT interface was measured before and after the simulated damage cases of the bearing plate. Afterwards, a statistical damage metric, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) was used to quantify the change in the admittance spectrum and identify the damage's presence. It was shown that the experimental admittance response was consistent with the numerical simulation result in the same effective frequency band. Both the numerical and experimental results showed clear shifts in the admittance spectrum due to structural damage. The simulated damages in the bearing plate were successfully identified by the RMSD evaluation metric.


The sensation of a lump or mass in the throat, the 'globus sensation', is a very common experience at some time for a large proportion of the population. Globus is a condition associated with a multitude of symptoms. In some cases the globus sensation can be related to organic problems as reflux, or neurological or systemic diseases. However, in many situations, no specific aetiology or physiological mechanism can be identified. In these functional globus complaints, we find more or less hypertonic muscle behaviour, such as cricopharyngeal spasm. Globus is often associated with upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) hypertension and abnormalities in UOS relaxation. In most cases, palpation of the laryngeal/perilaryngeal area shows many hypertonic muscles (e.g. inferior strap muscles, sternocleidomastoid muscles), lateral immobility of the larynx and diminished spaces between the structures. If the diagnosis confirms serious hypertonicity in the pharyngeal constrictors, treatment often consists of myotomy or botulinum injection. This paper describes a new approach for this hypertonicity of the laryngeal area: manual facilitation. In this approach, techniques from manual therapy will be used to achieve direct and quick relief of tension in muscles.


Dr. DENCH cited the case of a young girl who had nystagmus to both sides. The caloric test was negative. The nystagmus and the vomiting persisted, and he was convinced that the trouble was in the cerebellum. He operated and found around the sheath of the auditory nerve a cerebellar abscess. Dr. KERRISON, in closing the discussion, said that in diffuse snppurative labyrinthitis the hearing was probably always lost, though cases of circumscribed labyrinthitis had been recorded in which considerable hearing-power remained. Referring to Dr. Dench's report of a case of labyrinthine suppuration in which useful hearing remained, Dr. Kerrison said that the functional examination of such patients without the use of Barany's noiseinstrument was sometimes misleading. He cited a case under his observation in which the patient appeared to hear various sounds with the sound ear tightly closed with the finger, but could hear absolutely nothing with Barany's noise-instrument in the sound ear. With reference to Dr. Goldstein's case, in which the nystagmus appeared only after fifteen minutes of continuous irrigation, Dr. Kerrison thought that this could hardly be regarded as a caloric reaction, since after fifteen minutes of irrigation with either hot or cold water the different parts of the semi-circular canal system would probably have reached a uniform temperature. Dr. Norval Pierce had alluded to the occasional difficulty in the caloric test in determining whether an observed nystagmus was really due to the irrigation. Dr. Kerrison suggested that such a doubt might be easily settled by using alternately hot. and cold water, which should reverse the direction of the nystagmus. This, however, was apt to induce nausea and vomiting.


Many years ago, I blush to recall, I published some arguments against the existence of all sorts of commonly supposed entities against rocks and desks, plants and planets, stars and salt shakers, human brains and bodies, and, perish the thought, against us human thinking experiencers, including even the one who's me.1 By contrast, now I'm trying to develop, in a book I've been long writing, a humanly realistic philosophy, wherein my existence, and yours, has the status of a quite undeniable philosophic datum.2 As it seems to me now, certain trying ideas then deployed in such nihilistic reasoning may bear importantly on the question of what sort of a humanly realistic view we should adopt. These are ideas to the effect that, where I'm apt first to think that there's just this one human body, "my body," seated in just this one chair, "my desk chair," there are, more accurately, many billions of human bodies, each seated in many billions of chairs. And, where I'm first given to believe that there's just one healthy active brain, "my brain," promoting someone's mentality, there may be many billions of brains, each of them largely overlapping so many of the others, and each serving, quite equally, to promote a thinking, experiencing and choosing human being, or human self. Maybe each brain promotes the very same mind, or self, as do each of the others, in which case there's just one self promoted (rather redundantly?) by them all; or maybe each promotes a numerically distinct conscious individual, in which case many billions of experiencers may be, in my situation, simultaneously promoted. Right now, these remarks should seem no better than cryptic comments; but, in the course of this essay, their import should become clearer. These trying ideas might provide, I'll be suggesting, much force against the Scientiphical View that each of us is a highly complex wholly physical thing, with each of our powers just some sort of (physically derivative) physical power or, on a less popular versions of Scientiphicalism, each of us is epiphenomenal on, or supervenient on, a highly complex wholly physical thing.3 And, they might also provide much force


Although uncertainties appear in almost every analysis or simulation, they are often not considered or described explicitly. Especially in complex models they can become very large. The neglect of describing them can lead to an unjustified confidence in the results. In this paper we present a plan for developing a complex model in which we explicitly describe the occurrence and propagation of data uncertainties. For this model we will examine the relationship between socio-demographic conditions and the amount of emergencies in an urban area. We will further estimate the future development of the socio-demographic conditions. These findings will serve as a base for a district-wise prediction of emergencies. We will identify possible sources for uncertainty and introduce first ideas to deal with them. Our aim is to make a statement of the uncertainty of the model's result.


this course would be prejudicial to the patient. Otherwise the patient can, within seven days, exercise this right; and the fresh justice is to see the patient and report to the Commissioners, thus reopening the whole question of his insanity, disturbingly, in the mind of the lunatic, and placing the certifying medical men in a position liable to misunderstanding and unduly vulnerable. A constable, relieving officer, or overseer of a parish, knowing of a non-pauper and non-wandering alleged lunatic, but one who is not under proper care and control, or who is cruelly treated or neglected by those in charge of him, shall, on oath, inform the justice specially appointed under the new Act, who may visit the alleged lunatic if he thinks well to do so, and, whether he visit him or not, shall direct two medical men to visit him and certify their opinion as to his mental state; and the justice, if satisfied that the alleged lunatic is a proper person to be placed under care, may order his removal to an asylum, etc., or may detain him and suspend execution of the order of removal for fourteen days, or may allow a friend to take care of him. But the removal cannot take place in opposition to a medical certificate of unfitness of the alleged lunatic for removal. The reception order holds good for fourteen days, or, if its execution is suspended by a medical certificate, as just stated, it becomes renewed in effect for three days after a reversing medical certificate of fitness for removal has been obtained. The certificates accompanying the reception order under which patients are to be received under care are not to be signed by persons in any way interested in the payment to be made for these patients, or by the near relatives of such persons. Neither of the persons signing the medical certificates in support of a petition for a reception order shall be the father or father-in-law, mother or mother-in-law, son or son-in-law, daughter or daughter-in-law, brother or brother-in-law, sister or sister-inlaw, or the partner or assistant, of the other of them. Every medical certificate shall be evidence of the facts therein appearing, and of the judgment therein stated to have been formed by the certifying medical men on such facts, as if the matters therein appearing had been verified on oath. Hitherto medical men have had the right, under definite statutory regulations, to receive one insane patient (" single patient ") into their private houses without obtaining a licence for the reception of lunatics. It is now enacted that the Commissioners may, under some circumstances, allow this number to be increased; this, however, if carried into effect, may bear unfairly on medical men who have gone to the trouble and expense of obtaining a licence for the reception of two or three lunatics into their private houses, and probably of altering those houses as required by the licensing authority. After May 1st next, no pauper can be sent to an asylum, etc., -under order of a clergyman and relieving officer, a method which has hitherto been in use. Where a pauper lunatic is taken charge of by relatives, with an allowance for his maintenance, the district medical officer shall visit and report on him, quarterly, at a fee of 2s. 6d., in addition to the fees now paid under 16 and 17 Vict., c. 97, s. 66. A medical visitor of private asylums shall receive sich remuneration as the justices for the county or borough for which he is a visitor may approve. Under the new Act the duties of medical officers of workhouses will be somewhat complicated, and no doubt a full code of in-structions will be issued for their use before next. May. There is not time to state the provisions of the Act on these points here. They are given at p. 745 of the JOURNAL of September 28th.


Knop and Schierreich [AAMAS '23] recently introduced a novel model of refugee housing and specifically asked for the computational complexity picture of the following variant. Given a topology modelled as an undirected graph, a set of inhabitants, a number of refugees $R$, an assignment of inhabitants to houses of the topology, and an upper-bound for every inhabitant, find a set $\pi$ of unoccupied houses of size $R$ intended such that the number of refugees in the neighbourhood of every inhabitant is at most its upper-bound. If such a set $\pi$ exists, we say that the instance admits an inhabitant-respecting housing. In this paper, we show that the existence of inhabitant-respecting housing is not guaranteed even under several further restrictions of the upper-bounds. Then, we focus on the computational complexity of deciding whether inhabitant-respecting housing exists. To this end, we provide tractable algorithms for several restrictions of the topology. We complement these results with appropriate hardness results and running-time lower-bounds. Furthermore, we introduce a relaxed (or approximate) version of the inhabitant-respecting housing, where we allow at most $t$ upper-bounds to be exceeded.


This invention relates to a carrier comprising more than 10% water, at least one amphiphilic oil, at least one polyol selected from glycols and C 2 -C 4 ether-oxide derivatives of a C 2 glycol to C4 alkyl, and at least one common solvent for water and oil, selected from primary alcohols and glycols C5-C7. This support is a transparent or translucent fluid, homogeneous and stable although containing no surfactant or stabilizer. The support according to the invention may especially be used in a topical action composition containing sensitive active to external factors and / or water, such as dihydroxyacetone, vitamin C or enzymes. These assets are stable in such a support. The composition obtained can be used in particular for cosmetic and / or dermatological skin, including the scalp.


Follette, Duckworth, Introduction to the Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Retraumatization. Zayfert, Cognitive Behavioral Conceptualization of Retraumatization. Kudler, A Psychodynamic Conceptualization of Retraumatization. King, Liberzon, Neurobiology of Retraumatization. Schumn, Doane, Hobfoll, Conservation of Resources Theory: The Central Role of Resource Loss and Gain in Understanding Retraumatization. Bonow, Follette, A Functional Analytic Conceptualization of Retraumatization: Implications for Clinical Assessment. Courtois, Retraumatization and Complex Traumatic Stress: A Treatment Overview. Alexander, Retraumatization and Revictimization: An Attachment Perspective. Kuhn, Hoffman, Ruzek, Multiple Experiences of Combat Trauma. Iverson, Monson, Street, Dual Combat and Sexual Trauma During Military Service. Papa, La Bush, Multiple Traumas in Civilian Casualties of Organized Political Violence. Ghimire, Follette, Revictimization: Experiences Related to Child, Adolescent, and Adult Sexual Trauma. Fruzzetti, Lee, Multiple Experiences of Domestic Violence and Associated Relationship Features. Duckworth, Iezzi, Shearer, Retraumatization Associated with Disabling Physical Injuries. Batten, Naifeh, Controversies Related to the Study and Treatment of Multiple Experiences of Trauma. Duckworth, Follette, Conclusions and Future Directions in Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Retraumatization.


More than half a century has elapsed since the establishment of the first collective agricultural community in Israel, the Kibbutz.' Sufficient time has passed for a second generation to be born in these collective communities, to grow to maturity and adulthood, and to produce and raise a third generation. Moreover, a sufficient period of time has elapsed for the second generation, born within the collective movement, to evaluate its own ideological position within the movement and to reach a decision (1) whether to remain within the movement, either by continuing the growth and development of the particular settlement into which they were born, or by participating in the establishment of a new collective pioneer outpost somewhere near the borders of Israel, or (2) whether to leave the collective movement altogether and raise their children in a semi-collective (e.g., Moshav) or noncollective (the city or the Moshavah) social environment.2 Those Kibbutz born Zabras (Israeli born) who have chosen to remain within the move-


Many researchers claim that during last several months the political situation in the country has changed. Political apathy and reluctance to participation in politics have been replaced by political and street activity, demonstrated even by people who have traditionally been far from politics (young people, people with the above average income level). And at the same time we should notice that actually no explicit changes (decline) of the situation happened. People going out to the meetings at prospect Saharova, Bolotnaya square in Moscow demonstrated unwillingness to bear with the situation, first of all its political side (We should notice that people didn't express any economical demands contrary to Greece for example). And the old claim heard from V. Tsoi in 90-s "We are waiting for changes" has again become actual for many citizens of our country. People's attitude towards political power has changed, and results of the research confirm it. In the project Political mentality, the power unit was analyzed. Compared to the power evaluation during Putin's period negative evaluations of the modern power increased significantly: 54% of the respondents expressed their negative opinion and only 10% were positive Many researchers of public opinion say that currently data of the quantitative polls do not quite reflect the real picture because the ratings of Putin and Medvedev are quite stable. As the results of our research show the evaluations of the regime are not that favorable, it is accused of not being able to solve the problems that the society is facing at the moment, corruption, irresponsibility (not fulfillment of the promises), being detached from the people. This excessive criticism is a quite dangerous trend. People are not ready to go out to the rally/ protest but they are interested in situation to change.


The harmonious enterprise has such characters of the democracy monocracy,justice and harmony,stabilization and safety,comity and order,credit and friendly and spirit civilization.The content of the harmonious enterprise include such harmony with person and ownself,person and person, person and post,person and system and person and circumstance etc.


In real projective geometry of triangles two problems of collinear points are discussed. The problems differ only from the running through the vertices of a given triangle ABC. Resolving the problems we find two cubic curves kS and kT . Affine specialization leads to the circumscribed Steiner ellipse about the triangle ABC and shows us this ellipse in more general surroundings. Euclidean specialization leads to Steiners three-cusped hypocycloid.


Synthesis and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) bearing a 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) substituent on an NHC framework were performed. The treatment of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-imidazole (1) with 1-bromo-2,4-dinitrobenzene or methyl triflate afforded imidazolium salts 2a·HBr or 2b·HOTf, respectively, which were corresponding precursors of NHC ligands 1,3-bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene (2a) and 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene (2b). Rh and Au complexes—RhCl(2a)(cod) [3a (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene)], RhCl(2b)(cod) (3b), RhCl(2a)(CO)2 (4a), RhCl(2b)(CO)2 (4b), and AuCl(2a) (5a)—were synthesized using 2a·HBr and 2b·HOTf. IR, NMR, and crystallographic analysis of the Rh complexes demonstrated that the DNP substituent remarkably decreased the σ-donating ability of the carbenic carbon and increased the π-accepting ability. In addition, IR spectroscopy of Rh dicarbonyl complexes revealed that the average CO stretching frequency of 2a was equal to that of PPh3. Au compl...


As we all know, Husserl's phenomenological intuitions, reductions and the revolutionary consequences resulted from them once shed light on Heidegger's questioning of "Sein" and once again illuminated the French way to "differance" and "the absolute Other". I would like to say that the energy and potentiality contained in the thoughts of Husserl has not been exhausted. If we apply phenomenology to the interpretation of Chinese traditional culture, a special vision will be displayed. But we must be careful not to plunge into the kind of simple comparative research. We the researchers, who have our own life-world, should be added to the study as a special dimension. That is to say, the phenomenological thoughts of Husserl, which is available for comparison, will first experience some kind of transfiguration. That will probably lead to an unpredictable conclusion after applying the phenomenology transformed, which means the stratification of Husserl's "Idee" in this paper, to the traditional culture, which is located on Laozi's "Dao". 1. The phenomenological stratification of Husserl's "Idee"


Executive Summary This paper will evaluate the potential application of Remote Viewing (RV) techniques to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). Specifically it will look at how RV can be used to support intelligence and counterterrorism operations. The paper will rely primarily on declassified government documents on the Stargate program. Stargate was the collective name for advanced psychic functioning or Remote Viewing experiments and programs that were undertaken for twenty years. Its purpose was to create a trainable, repeatable and as much as possible, accurate method of psychic intelligence gathering. By reviewing these documents, this paper will attempt to determine if remote viewing can be a useful tool in fighting modem jihadi terrorists.


In third world countries such as Mexico the media web site has grown in two main streams. Firstly in association with big companies (most of them global) and secondly as local portals in combination with the main national media companies. Due to this fact it seems to be necessary to study the mexican web development from a political economy point of view in order to explain our national web development. In the one hand I will describe –as a first approach— the expansion of companies which are mainly dedicated to offer services as e-mail, chats, sales, consulting, news finances. In the other hand those locally originated web sites that were created as the consecuence of the expansion and technological modernization of national media companies whose principal product was initially different from the commercial web aims.


An abscess is a localized collection of pus in a pathological space lined by granulation tissue. The first known use of the term "abscess" was in 1615.[1] The term "abscess" has been derived from the Latin, abscessus, literally, act of going away.[1] An abscess is formed from tissues broken down by white blood cells (leukocytes) in response to inflammation. The incidence of cutaneous abscess in general practice is believed to be significant but is not well reported.[2]


praefectura fabrum, which he correctly reads in connection with the parallel development of Roman institutions; on the other hand, he points to the political function that characterised the post as an instrument of civic integration, which appears to have been underrated in previous scholarship. Among the various problems and issues that the book raises, one seems especially important: the close connection between (minor) administrative roles and political connections, which should be constantly kept in mind when studying the multifaceted bureaucratic apparatus of the Roman empire.


Exploding white dwarfs are a key yardstick of the cosmos, but how does gas spiraling onto their surfaces make these stellar corpses blow up?


Polymer films containing nematic liquid crystal microdroplets are useful for light modulation devices. Light scattering in these films is controlled by applied electric fields. These films were produced by cooling solutions of polymer in the isotropic phase of liquid crystal to temperatures below the clearing point (the nematic-phase-to-isotropic-phase transition temperature). In this process, sizes of microdroplets were regulated by controlling the rate of cooling. The relationship between the microdroplet size and electrooptical properties was investigated experimentally and theoretically.


Introduction. Visibly enlarged facial pores are familiar dermatologic concerns. Macrofocused ultrasound energy without visualization (MaFU-WV) showed efficacy in facial tightening and an improvement in skin textural irregularities which opened the potential of the positive effects in reducing the appearance of facial pores. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of MaFU-WV in tightening facial pores. Methods. This was a prospective, single-blinded pilot study. Thirty-four Thai subjects with enlarged pores received a single treatment of MaFU-WV using a 2.0 mm transducer on bilateral malar areas of the face. Primary outcome measures included the pore count, pore volume, and pore index measurements using an instrument with a camera for image acquisition and software for analysis of skin. Secondary outcome measures incorporated two blinded dermatologists' evaluation of clinical photographs and the subjects' perception of improvement in their facial pores using a 6-point scale. Measurements were taken at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month after treatment. Results. The pore count significantly decreased from baseline to 6 month after treatment (

 p

 <
 0.001

 ). Pore volume was significantly lowered from baseline to 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment (

 p
 <
 0.05

 ). The pore index was likewise significantly reduced from baseline in every visit (

 p
 <
 0.05

 ). The majority of photographic evaluations by blinded dermatologists were scored as a 1–25% pore minimizing effect across nearly all follow-up visits. On the other hand, patient satisfaction kept improving until the end of the study at 6 months. No adverse events occurred throughout the conduct of the study. Conclusion. Macrofocused ultrasound energy using a 2 mm transducer is a safe and effective treatment for facial pore tightening. The trial is registered with registration number: TCTR20220719001.


The study of value depends on the exploration of want and practice.The want of human is the headspring,motivity and start of all activities of subject.The want of human is essentially different from that of creature for its objectivity,sociality and historicity.It is various,complicated and developmental.The want of subject is the reason for value to form while value is the unification between want of subject and property of object.Value originates from and develops in the practical activity to meet want of human.Practice is the foundation of value and its function in value relations is to make subject and object interact each other and to generate value and produce new value.Value is the headspring of the initiation and creativity,and designates the aim of practice and enriches the selectivity of practice.The relation between want,value and practice is a dynamic and developing cycle system.


We report the temperature-pressure-magnetic field phase diagram of the ferromagnetic Kondo-lattice CeTiGe$_3$ determined by means of electrical resistivity measurements. Measurements up to $\sim$ 5.8 GPa reveal a rich phase diagram with multiple phase transitions. At ambient pressure, CeTiGe$_3$ orders ferromagnetically at $T_\text{C}$ = 14 K. Application of pressure suppresses $T_\text{C}$, but a pressure induced ferromagnetic quantum criticality is avoided by the appearance of two new successive transitions for $p$ $>$ 4.1 GPa that are probably antiferromagnetic in nature. These two transitions are suppressed under pressure, with the lower temperature phase being fully suppressed above 5.3 GPa. The critical pressures for the presumed quantum phase transitions are $p_1$ $\cong$ 4.1 GPa and $p_2$ $\cong$ 5.3 GPa. Above 4.1 GPa, application of magnetic field shows a tricritical point evolving into a wing structure phase with a quantum tricritical point at 2.8 T at 5.4 GPa, where the first order antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition changes into the second order antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition.


In 2001, a Canadian national study examined the perspectives of childcare directors and parents on the care of mildly ill children in childcare (Polyzoi et al., 2001). A survey was conducted to examine how 328 childcare facilities (centers and family childcare homes) and 742 parents cope with providing care for children with mild illnesses (cold, flu, ear infections,chicken pox, conjunctivitis, etc.). This article briefly compares the preferences of childcare directors and parents for selected models of care for mildly ill children as determined by the 2001 national study. It also examines, in detail, the issues and concerns raised by parents and directors in the qualitative portion of that national study, using grounded theory.A multi-faceted approach is suggested by the data – with involvement of all stakeholders including employers, government, unions, media, parents, and the childcare community – to help alleviate the work-family stress associated with the care of mildly ill children.


We have studied the thermal conductivity κ and electrical resistivity ρ of UPd 2 Al 3 single crystal in the temperature range between 0.36 K and 70 K in magnetic fields up to 5 T. At high temperatures, the thermal conductivity is dominated by phonons. Below the Neel temperature T N =14.5 K, κ shows an enhancement compared with the extrapolated behavior from the higher temperature than T N , which is associated with the steep decrease of ρ. This suggests the increase of the electron contribution to κ below T N due to the decrease of the magnetic scattering. The temperature dependence of κ does not show an anomaly at T c and shows a T 2 behavior below 1 K, which suggests that the superconducting gap in UPd 2 Al 3 vanishes along lines on the Fermi surface. κ in magnetic field shows clearly a larger decrease below T c than above T c with decreasing temperature, which is very different from the temperature dependence of κ in zero magnetic field.


Background Objectives To examine the expression of surface markers on lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 36 patients with active RA (mean disease duration 8,8 years, mean age 54,8 years) and 18 normal subjects. The patients were treated with NSAIDs, DMARDs and prednisolone. Fluorescent flow cytometry on FACScan (Becfon Dichinson) was used to assess the expression of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD11b, CD16, CD18, CD20, CD25, CD26, CD50, CD54, CD56, CD71, CD95, HLA-DR antigens. Results The expression of CD16 antigen on peripheral blood lymphocytes was elevated as compared with healthy volunteers (16,5 ± 1,7% vs 11 ± 1,5%, P = 0,03). The percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD95 antigen was higher in patients treated with NSAIDs (n = 24) as compared with controls (32,9 ± 3,6% vs 25,6 ± 2,9%, P = 0,05). The expression of CD 95 antigen correlated with expression of antigens ÑD26 (r = 0,77), CD71 and CD25 (r = 0,6). Conclusion Lymphocyte phenotype in RA patients is characterised by the increased expression of CD16.


Offender profiling aims at generating information of an offender based upon the crime committed and the goal is to be an adjunct in the crime invesigation process. The aim of the study was to exami ...


We suggest an alternative mechanism for optical tunneling, based on subwavelength waveguides at cut-off. Such novel setup for enhanced transmission is only weakly dependent of the channel length and geometry, including arbitrary abruptions and bends.


Imperative sentences express the meanings of commands,requirements,requests and persuasions.Using imperative sentences in advertisements is seemingly an FTA to the audience whereas there exist a great many imperative sentences in them.Therefore the pragmatic principles and strategies employed by the advertisers in choosing imperative sentences among the others from the perspective of negotiability of language are discussed.The analysis reveals that the advertisers' flexible use of the listener-model of politeness and certain grammatical strategies are the main cause of imperative sentences achieving success in advertisements.


An important concentration of peculiar agricultural and technological elements has been detected in the Hispano-Roman territory. Some of them are integrated in the agricultural technology of the Empire and some other will become a differentiating sign of the Hispano-Roman technology. In the specific case of the processes of wine and oil production, there is a big number of this kind of 'variations', and, as we will later see, some cases have an important capacity of being spread all over the rest of the Empire. Both the use of the cylindrical rotary mill used for the oil grinding and its identification with Columela's mola olearia (also mentioned by Cato as mola hispaniense) and the oldest known application, at that time, of the screw mechanism in the beam presses in the southern Peninsula represent the most significant and distinguishing technological elements in the wine and oil production in Hispania. But also we can find other secondary elements, which were not as spread as the first ones, as the use of opus spicatum surfaces and double back reinforcements in the oil mills in the Baetica and the use of the system of 'taissons' for fixing the wine presses in the Tarraconensis. In a more general way, it is also found the use of oil decanting based on the mechanical treatment of the oil waste and the existence of a specific vinification container in the Hispanic area, according to Varro.


Today's commercial and military aircraft require significant manpower to provide operational readiness and flight safety. Aging aircraft fleets are much in need of new and innovative health-monitoring methods to prevent catastrophic failure and reduce life-cycle costs. The key needs for characterizing in situ structural integrity characteristics of corrosion and barely visible impact damage (BVID) to determine "damage susceptibility" must be addressed. This article presents a new concept for onboard real-time monitoring using conductive polymer sensor array technology.

Keywords:

Aircraft;
Civilian;
Sensing locations;
Sensor development;
Antennas


Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to study the magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Sr$_{1-x}$Ba$_{x}$MnO$_3$, with focus on $x=0.5$, under isotropic volume expansion/compression and biaxial strain. Our results indicate that, unexpectedly, Ba substitution alters the electronic structure in a way that, at fixed lattice parameter, notably enhances the interatomic magnetic exchange interactions. However, increasing Ba-content also causes a volume expansion which tends to weaken these interactions, leading to a net effect of weakly suppressed magnetism, as observed in experiments. The ferroelectric properties, on the other hand, are found to be less affected by changes in the electronic structure and can largely be understood in terms of the volume expansion caused by Ba-substitution. The calculated electric polarization as a function of biaxial strain in Sr$_{1-x}$Ba$_{x}$MnO$_3$ for $x=0$ and $x=0.5$, shows that the difference between the two is mainly due to differences in the magnetic order at certain strain values, accompanied by enormous magnetoelectric coupling.


Elaborated the relationship between the geological factors of the composite petroleum system. Think three pond lake basin in up, middle and under three petroleum system. Petroleum system in monophyletic more storage period accumulation, composite oil, oil and gas from Permian LuCaoGou group, has early indosinian movement and the yanshan movement in the late two critical moment (mainly the former), system filling ability, the main reservoir of Permian LuCaoGou group and the, from the Jurassic system of high efficiency, resource density is big, is the main petroleum system; Petroleum system in oil and gas from the Triassic koizumi groove group, late yanshan movement period for the critical moment, duration of system from the late Triassic to the end of the age, in the white save time since late in the white world, oil and gas are mainly distributed in the sag Triassic source rock maturity, on the longitudinal is focused on the Jura.


We study the problem of key generation for secure many to many communications. The problem is raised by the proliferation of large scale distributed file system supporting parallel access to multiple storage devices. Our work focuses on current Internet standards for such file systems, i.e. the parallel Network File System (pNFS), which makes use of Kerberos to establish parallel session keys between client and storage devices. Our review of the existing Kerberos-based protocol has a number of limitations: (i) a metadata server facilitating key exchange between clients and storage devices has heavy workload which restricts the scalability of the protocol; (ii) the protocol does not provide forward secrecy; (iii) metadata server establish itself all the session keys that are used between the clients and storage devices, and this inherently leads to the key escrow. In this paper, we propose a variety of authenticated key exchange protocols that are designed to address above issues. We show that our protocols are capable of reducing up to approximately 54% of workload of a metadata server and concurrently supporting forward secrecy and escrow-freeness.


To meet the needs of practice, a new way to auto-evaluate computer graphics is proposed to navigate the process of evaluation with a middle language in which the interpreter work out conclusion to the evaluated graph according to the process described by middle language.


THE REAL JESUS: THE MISGUIDED QUEST FOR THE HISTORICAL JESUS AND THE TRUTH OF THE TRADITIONAL GOSPELS. By Luke Timothy Johnson. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996. Pp. viii + 182. $22. Johnson, whether he intended it or not, has once again proved the truth of Albert Schweitzer's claim that "there is no historical task which so reveals a person's true self as the writing of a Life of Jesus." His short book is long on accomplishment. The opening chapters expose the work of the Jesus Seminar and evaluate recent attempts at historical reconstructions of the life of Jesus. Here J. unmasks the cultural agenda that has driven these attempts and the misunderstanding of historical knowledge upon which they rest. J. is direct and pulls no punches. The heart of the book raises important questions about the relationship of history to faith and the false assumption that the latter depends on the former. History, properly understood as a rich human endeavor, an interpretative mode of human knowing, is the product of intelligence and imagination. History, however, has its limitations and is more at home in the realm of probability than certitude. Historians can make assertions about the life of Jesus and his ministry, but they cannot reconstruct the historical Jesus. The real Jesus is a living person not an historical reconstruction, and the real object of faith cannot be determined by history. That need not lead to total skepticism about making any historical claims about Jesus. In fact, J. isolates 17 historical points about Jesus that he has gleaned from the New Testament and ancient nonChristians writings that mention Jesus. For all the strength of J.'s treatment of the relation of history to faith, I must admit some disappointment over the lack of a fuller discussion of the continuity between the two. That criticism notwithstanding, this is an important book that will be a help to scholars and pastors alike. ALAN C. MITCHELL, S.J. Georgetown University, D.C.


Advances in semiconductors and developments in machine learning [1] have led to versatile multimedia applications with semantic processing abilities. Real-time applications, such as face detection, facial-expression recognition, scene analysis [2] and object recognition [3], have become indispensable functionality for Consumer Electronic (CE) products. To deal with complicated video-processing algorithms for multimedia content analysis, many powerful processors have been reported [2–5]. Although these processors can speed up video-processing tasks with massively parallel processing elements, they only focus on the feature-extraction parts, and there is no specialized hardware to support different kinds of advanced machine-learning algorithms, which require extensive computations. In this paper, a Semantic Analysis SoC (SASoC) that accelerates video processing and machine learning simultaneously, is developed to meet the demands of the near future.


Preserving object detections and maintaining continuous, uninterrupted tracking routes of moving objects is a difficult challenge in long-distance imaging through a turbulent medium that extremely degrades the video. We introduce a new method for the continuous tracking of moving objects in such conditions. First, a number of steps are applied, including global video stabilization, reduction of local oscillations, and finding spatio-temporal "suspicious sections" in the video that may contain moving objects. This phase produces a 3D point cloud that represents suspicious moving objects. Subsequently, the possible routes in the cloud are analyzed, producing the final routes. A comparison to the current standard shows an improvement in the object tracking stability.


ABSTRACT The current study was devoted to evaluate the concentration of acrylamide among different food products based on subgroups such as type of product, country, and analytical methods with the aid of a meta-analysis. Additionally, the impacts of the human development index (HDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) on acrylamide concentration were discussed using a meta-regression analysis. In this context, some of the international databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were screened up to 1 September 2019. The meta-analysis of 47 articles including of 230 studies showed that the order of overall rank correlated with average acrylamide concentration in foodstuffs (based on the proposed categories in the original articles) was Potato-based food (740.33 µg/kg) > Fried foods (328.65 µg/kg) > Breakfast cereals (263.27 µg/kg) > Coffee (234.54 µg/kg) > Chocolate (233.68 µg/kg) > Baby infant foods (156.30 µg/kg) > Bread (133.12 µg/kg) > Biscuit (116.42 µg/kg) > Dessert (109.27 µg/kg) > Cake (75.65 µg/kg) > Cereal-base foods (59.48 µg/kg) > Nuts (20.38 µg/kg). The liquid chromatography (LC) based methods followed by gas chromatography (GC) (with derivatization) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) are the most popular analytical techniques used in acrylamide quantification. Also, with decreasing in GDP as well as the HDI rankings, a significant increase in the concentration of acrylamide was underlined demonstrating a significant effect of socio-economic parameters on acrylamide concentration. In conclusion, the highest acrylamide concentration is observed in potato-based products which can be correlated with their high acrylamide's precursor's content especially free asparagine. Graphical abstract


Total station could build square sample plot.At first reference point and the traverse are set to survey the location(X,Y,Z)of trees by total station and lens.Then with the Chinese fir artificial stand in Huangfengqiao Forest Farm,Hunan,as the research subject,S0 is set as the chief site in the plot,then S1,S2,S3 are set as the first class site,at last,all the survey data are taken to generate plot map.The result shows that the survey data and the real data are the same.So the branch line control measure method is an efficient way in the forest survey.


BACKGROUND
Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) have become a primary concern in evaluating long-term effects of treatment in pediatric oncology. Thyroid carcinoma has proven to be a common SMN.

METHODS
In a multicenter study involving 58 hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 18 of 239 (7.5%) SMNs documented following first malignant neoplasm (FMN) in childhood were thyroid carcinoma.

RESULTS
The age at diagnosis of FMN ranged from 1 to 15 years. Eleven patients were female. Six children had survived Hodgkin disease, seven acute leukemia, two Ewing sarcoma and three various other tumors. Fifteen of the 18 patients had been treated with radiotherapy to the head and neck region. The time interval between treatment and diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma ranged from 4 to 19 years (median 8 years). The carcinoma was papillary in 17 cases and follicular in one. Eleven patients had metastases in the regional lymph nodes at presentation.

DISCUSSION
Radiotherapy appears to be an important risk factor in secondary thyroid carcinoma, but it does not explain all cases. The current data are remarkable for the large proportion of patients who received only prophylactic cranial irradiation for ALL and for the three patients who received no irradiation to the head and neck region. Genetic determinants and chemotherapy must also be considered.

CONCLUSIONS
Regular thyroid examination should be included in the long-term follow-up of survivors of childhood malignancy.


AIMS
This paper reports secondary data analysis of associations between psychological distress and health behaviors among Cambodian Americans.

METHODS
Data are from baseline assessments from a diabetes prevention trial. All participants met criteria for depression and were free of diabetes. Participants (n=191) completed surveys, a food frequency assessment, and wore sleep and physical activity actigraphy devices for 7 days. A factor analysis of symptoms of post-traumatic stress, baksbat (a Cambodian culture-bound syndrome), depression, and anxiety yielded a single factor named 'psychological distress'. Multivariate models controlling for psychotropic medications were run for the following outcomes: sleep actigraphy, self-reported sleep, physical activity actigraphy, self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and substance use.

RESULTS
For actigraphy, higher distress was associated with lower moderate/vigorous physical activity and higher mean variability of 24-hour total sleep time. Higher distress was also associated with worse self-reported sleep quality as indicated by standard, and culturally-specific, sleep indicators. Higher distress was also associated with lower use of food labels, lower carbohydrate consumption, and higher alcohol consumption as a coping mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS
Interventions to mitigate diabetes risk in high-distress populations may benefit from strategies to decrease psychological distress. The sequelae of complex trauma may transcend discrete psychiatric diagnoses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Based on various advantage of reproducible geothermy thechnology,it analyzes the direct economic benefit of the reproducible geothermy from cost-saving and investment of mechanical equipment.At same time,it presents the social and environmental benefit of the reproducible geothermy so as to increase the positivity of the reproducible geothermy technology.


Specific data on different musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study will be presented in this1–,3 and future issues of the journal.4–,9 MSK disorders are the second most common cause of disability worldwide, measured by years lived with disability (YLDs), with low back pain being the most frequent condition.10 Disability due to MSK disorders is estimated to have increased by 45% from 1990 to 2010, in particular osteoarthritis (OA), and is expected to continue to rise with an increasingly obese, sedentary and ageing population.10 The GBD study represents a huge and important effort that involves researchers and experts from different disciplines and countries with new statistical tools that provide us with valid information about the prevalence and burden of MSK disorders.

The specific conditions and disorders that will be addressed in this and forthcoming issues are low back pain, occupationally related low back pain, neck pain, OA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, low bone mineral density and other MSK conditions. Osteoporosis was not considered a disease in the GBD study, but bone mineral density was included in the global …


The pricing and optimization of inventory system are studied with discount rate in the finite time horizon under the assumption that the demand rate is the decrease function of the sale price. The mathematical model is built and iterative method of optimal ordering cycles and optimal sale price is given. At last, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the inventory model. The feasibility of inventory model is explained in the practical problem.


Over 15 million epilepsy patients worldwide do not respond to drugs. Successful surgical treatment requires complete removal, or disconnection of the seizure onset zone (SOZ), brain region(s) where seizures originate. Unfortunately, surgical success rates vary between 30%-70% because no clinically validated biological marker of the SOZ exists. We develop and retrospectively validate a new EEG marker neural fragility. We validate this new marker in a retrospective analysis of 91 patients by using neural fragility of the annotated SOZ as a metric to predict surgical outcomes. Fragility predicts 43/47 surgical failures with an overall prediction accuracy of 76%, compared to the accuracy of clinicians being 48% (successful outcomes). In failed outcomes, we identify fragile regions that were untreated. When compared to 20 EEG features proposed as SOZ markers, fragility outperformed in predictive power and interpretability suggesting neural fragility as an EEG fingerprint of the SOZ.


Water resources utilization and regional eco-environment are influenced by annual stream-runoff distribution,to some extend,the change of which reflects the human activity and the climate change.In this paper,the index of unevenness,complete adjustment coefficient,runoff-concentration degree,runoff-concentration period and variation were defined and calculated according to gauge records of monthly runoff of Longchuan main hydrologic stations during 1954~2001.The result showed that the unevenness index and complete adjustment coefficient of Xiao Huangguayuan station and Chuxiong station were in negative trend and the changing tendency was quite-similar;compared with the fitting curves,the decreasing tendency of the unevenness index,runoff-concentration degree of Chuxiong station appeared more obvious than that of Xiao Huangguanyuan station;there was no obvious change in runoff-concentration period,which of Chuxiong station came earlier than that of Xiao Huangguayuan station.


In this paper, we propose a simple but effective texture learning network to improve the shadow detection. It is based on an interesting observation. We found shallow networks perform better than deeper networks on the task of shadows detection. It suggests shadows may be more correlated with basic textures, like harder colors, than deep semantic information. Because shadow and non-shadow areas on the same ground may share similar textures, we need to find the best boundary between them. In this paper, we propose a novel hard-negative mining module to extract different texture patches that are supposed to be the hardest patches to distinguish between shadows and non-shadows. We also design an end-to-end trainable structure to integrate the texture features with deep semantic fully convolutional networks. The texture learning module is lightweight and the end-to-end structure makes it possible for our module to help other detection tasks. Results on a variety of ablation experiments confirm the improvement brought by our texture learning module. Moreover, the final detection model achieves a state-of-art detection accuracy on most benchmarks.


A low mode-dependent-loss scrambling-type 6-mode multi/demultiplexers (mode scramblers) together with the design methodology is proposed for mode-division multiplexing system. The condition for achieving low mode-dependent-loss characteristics is discussed through two-type of mode scramblers.


PurposeThe demand for second-hand clothing has risen rapidly in the past few years. Yet, the understanding of the motivations of consumers buying second-hand clothing is very limited. The purpose of this study is to propose and empirically test an integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour and the theory of consumption values to explain consumers' intention to buy second-hand clothing.Design/methodology/approachData (n = 290) are collected from consumers in Malaysia and analysed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsResults of this study show that attitudes towards second-hand clothing, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, moral norms, and perceived behavioural control have a significant positive influence on consumers' intention to buy second-hand clothing. Furthermore, emotional value and environmental value are found to have a significant positive influence on attitudes. However, no support is found for the positive influence of social value and epistemic value on attitudes.Originality/valueThe study confirms that the integrated model is useful in explaining consumers' intention to buy second-hand clothing. Furthermore, this study also provides some valuable suggestions to practitioners.


In June 1990 a US cable TV drama A Private Matter addressed the emotional pain a woman from Scottsdale Arizona endured when a newspaper made publish her decision to abort a deformed fetus in 1962. She was a local TV personality who hosted an educational program for children. She had taken her husbands thalidomide pills early in her pregnancy. Later she learned that thalidomide was linked to serious deformities in infants. Her physician suggested she terminate the pregnancy and arranged for an abortion at a Phoenix hospital even though abortion was illegal then in Arizona. Before the procedure she spoke to a newspaper reporter who promised anonymity to inform other women about the drug. A reporter from a competing newspaper looked through court documents allowing the woman to have an abortion to reveal her identity. This act placed her and her family in legal and ethical chaos. This forced her to go to Sweden to abort the fetus which had no legs and only 1 arm. The drama did not center around abortion but instead addressed privacy media intrusion and abortion and drugs. The TV networks believed the story too controversial to air since in 1989 NBC lost US$1 million in advertising revenue from airing the movie Roe vs. Wade. The 1991-92 season of a weekly network drama Murphy Brown took a chance and had the unmarried pregnant star struggle with her options yet she did not mention the word abortion. Antiabortion groups argue that TV almost always have women who experience an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy choose abortion. They want the characters to consider that the child deserves to live. A spokes person for the Center for Population Options contends that TV viewers appreciate dramas that deal with difficult issues in a responsible manner. TV networks also shy away from other controversial issues including AIDS date rate child abuse domestic violence and substance abuse.


Shown in columns in this Excel spreadsheet are (1) Cell identifier; (2
 & 3) X and Y coordinates for the centroid of each grid cell, using the
 California Albers (EPSG:3310) coordinate system; see
 http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/3310/ ; (4) Observed species
 richness; (5) Observed redundancy (1 - [richness / number of specimens]);
 (6) Observed weighted endemism (1/number of cells occupied by a species,
 summed across all species in a cell); (7) Observed corrected weighted
 endemism (WE/cell richness); and (8) Number of randomizations with a CWE
 score lower than observed; 950 and above is considered significant. All
 calculations and indices are from the Biodiverse software package (Laffan,
 S.W., Lubarsky, E. & Rosauer, D.F. (2010) Biodiverse, a tool for the
 spatial analysis of biological and related diversity. Ecography. Vol 33,
 643-647) — http://shawnlaffan.github.io/biodiverse/


By using of the method of multiplierenlargement,the paper establishes many convergence theorems of МамелоВ operators to approximate any unbounded continuous functions defined on whole real axis,and gives general conclusions,therefore generalizes many important theorems of reference\+\{\}.


Introduction CLL, SLL and cMBL are considered to be part of the same spectrum of clonal expansions of CD5+ B cells. Clinically, the transition from one to another of these forms over time is a well recognized event. Diagnostic criteria to separate these disorders have been proposed (IWCLL, 2008; WHO, 2008). Aim To compare presenting and evolving features of three groups of patients with cMBL, Rai 0 CLL or SLL and to ascertain the usefulness of current diagnostic criteria for these disorders. Patients and Methods Retrospective study of clinical, biologic and evolving characteristics of patients diagnosed with cMBL, Rai 0 CLL or SLL according to current criteria (CLL: ≥5x10 9 clonal B cells/L in peripheral blood; SLL 9 /L clonal B cells with lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, cytopenia or disease-related symptoms; cMBL 9 clonal B cells with no signs or symptoms). Results Baseline characteristics of the patients are shown in the Table. Median age was 68 years (range, 24-94) and 57% of patients were males. Out of 1,093 patients, 79 had cMBL (7.2%), 522 Rai 0 CLL (48%) and 94 SLL (8.6%). Overall, adverse biomarkers such as high LDH ( p p p p p= 0.002) , +12 ( p= 0.02) and 11q- ( p= 0.01 ) were significantly more frequent in SLL. In subgroup analyses, the only difference between cMBL and Rai 0 CLL was a higher proportion of cases with mutated IGHV in cMBL ( p=0.008 ). Furthermore, when SLL was compared to Rai I to IV CLL no differences were observed (data not shown). The actuarial risk for transformation from cMBL or SLL to CLL was 4.2% and 4.4 % per year ( p =0.5), respectively. Median TTFT was significantly shorter in the SLL group (12 m.) than in Rai 0 CLL (174 m.) or cMBL (244 m.) ( p p= 0.028). Multivariate analysis of 695 patients (cMBL/Rai 0-CLL/SLL) revealed four variables independently correlated with shorter TTFT: diagnosis of SLL vs. Rai 0 CLL vs. cMBL (HR 2.28; p= 0.008), high ZAP70 (HR 4.08; p p= 0.001) and increased serum B2M levels (HR 1.54; p = 0.031). Importantly, however, when the multivariate analysis was restricted to patients with cMBL and Rai 0 CLL, variables correlated with TTFT were the clonal B-cell count (HR 3.76; p=0.01 ), ZAP70 (HR 3.31; p p=0.02 ). FISH cytogenetics, IGHV mutational status , NOTCH1 or SF3B1 mutations were not included in the analysis because of missing data. Conclusions Disparities in biologic and clinical features of cMBL, CLL and SLL mainly reflect the different tumor burden in this spectrum of CD5+ monoclonal B cell disorders. In this study, the transformation rate from either cMBL or SLL to CLL was around 4% per year. As a result of differences in tumor mass, the need for therapy was shorter in SLL than in Rai 0 CLL and cMBL, and the overall survival poorer. Biologically, the only consistent difference between cMBL and Rai O CLL was a higher proportion of mutated IGHV in cMBL. Clinically, however, no differences in median survival were observed. Moreover, the clonal B cell count was the most reliable predictor of disease outcome in both cMBL and Rai 0 CLL. Therefore, the distinction between cMBL and Rai 0 CLL seems hardly justified. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objectives: To explore the clinical features and diagnosis,treatment of throat syphilis,to call the attention of clinical otorhinolaryngology doctors against the disease,in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Methods: 100 cases of syphilis treated in our laboratory from January 2010 to January 2014 were summarized and analyzed. Results: The symptoms of the vast majority include: throat congestion,tonsil surface with white pseudomembrane,easy to erase,tongue palatal arch,pharyngeal arch palate,uvula mucosa with white pseudomembrane; about one fourth had submandibular lymph nodes; the majority of patients did not have damage in the skin and genitalia; a few patients were with scrotum and double palm purple rash,scaling plantar erythema,rash torso.Ulcers or rash parts were mainly in the posterior pharyngeal wall. In the result of rapid plasma reagin circle patch test( RPR),6 patients were negative,the rest titers 1:16,while the Treponema pallidum gelatin agglutination test( TPHA) results were all positive. HIV screening results were negative. 21 patients were allergic to penicillin,of whom nine were treated with oral erythromycin therapy,and the remaining 12 were treated with ceftriaxone. The remaining patients were treated with long- acting penicillin therapy. After treatment,the throat symptoms of all patients completely subsided,with pharyngeal mucosa lesions returned to normal. In the RPR screening a month after treatment,74 were negative and 26 cases positive but titers decreased. In the RPR screening three months after treatment,95 cases were negative. Conclusion: Otolaryngology doctors should pay more attention to patients with pharyngeal mucosa lesions of syphilis as the first symptom. Doctors can diagnose throat syphilis based on history,clinical features and serological examination. Therefore,doctors should have sufficient knowledge of the disease to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.


Over the past several years, concerns about hydrocarbon emissions from the regenerator vent in glycol dehydrators has become a significant issue. This paper illustrates the prediction capabilities of PROSIM® for analyzing these concerns. First, the paper illustrates that predictions made by PROSIM compare favorably to data from the API Glycol Reboiler Emissions Work Group. Next, PROSIM shows that while a significant amount of non-aromatic VOC emissions are released in the flash separator, a small fraction of BTEX emissions are evolved at normal conditions. PROSIM indicates that over-circulation does not enhance dew point depression, but will cause a nearly linear increase in the amount of BTEX compounds emitted from the unit. Next, various contactor pressures are analyzed which show that higher emissions result from lower pressure units due to the increased amount of water that must be absorbed. Finally, a comparison between DEG and TEG facilities with similar circulation rates indicates that approximately 30-40% more BTEX emissions occur when using TEG than DEG.


Objectives: Protein binding decreases antibacterial activities as the free fraction only crosses membranes thus reaching intracellular targets. However, serum components may also increase antibacterial activities. Therefore, the effect of serum proteins on activities of s-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones was examined. Several preparation- and cultivation-conditions were examined as some preparative methods like freeze-thawing of sera may cause artifacts. Furthermore, previous studies have indicated that data may vary depending on the endpoints studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to avoid an impact of methodological factors on the data generated and to analyse the activities of the study drugs by examining different static- or dynamic endpoints.
 Methods: Bacteria were grown in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI), plus 50% of either fresh inactivated, pH 7.2, or fresh inactivated- , pH 7.2 or 8.2, frozen inactivated-serum, pH 8.2 as compared to BHI without any supplementations, pH 7.2 or 8.2, and BHI plus 45 g/L albumin. MICs of faropenem, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were determined and kill-kinetics were recorded following exposure to constant or fluctuating drug concentrations simulating serum pharmacokinetics of the agents. Kill-rates and areas under the bacterial kill curves were calculated.
 Results: Albumin and inactive serum increased MICs and reduced kill-rates of the agents studied in conformity with their protein binding, whereas active serum increased the activities of the agents. MICs and kill-rates did not change in parallel. The impact of protein binding in decreasing order was: MICs>kill-rates in time-kill experiments>kill-rates in kinetic-simulations. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones but not s-lactams were more active at an alkaline- than neutral pH. Use of frozen sera caused alkalinization of media, thus generating artifacts.
 Conclusions: The impact of serum proteins on antibacterial activities is strongly dependent from three factors: the methods applied to prepare the serum pool, the incubation conditions, and the enpoints studied.


This paper presents and evaluates the Brentanian theory of association of ideas. The topic of association usually brings to mind British Empiricism, which is often thought to have a monopoly on the matter. Brentano, however, adopts an original, alternative account of association. He argues that all cases of association can be placed under a single general law, that of "habit". His explicit account of the topic is rather brief; however, his most faithful pupil, Anton Marty, thoroughly developed his master's views. Marty presents Brentano's account of association in detail, and endeavours to defend it against rival theories, notably those which hold that the laws of "similarity", or of what is called "redintegration", are able to explain all cases of association. First, the paper presents the information found in Brentano himself on association of ideas. Then, it turns to Marty to analyze his developments of the Brentanian view. Finally, the paper evaluates Brentano and Marty's account by tackling some objections that it may face.


Juvenile delinquency is the result of negative self-concept. Self-concept is essence of personality. To Study the effect of Pragya Yoga and Parnakarshana Pranayama on self-concept level of juvenile delinquents, this prospective study was done on juvenile delinquents of Chhattisgarh, India. For this study, permission was obtained from the superintendent of Juvenile Care Home, Raipur-Chhattisgarh, India. A total hundred (N=100) participants were selected by experimental control group design. 14 to 18 years juvenile delinquents were selected for this study. In this study, to measure self-concept level, the self-concept scale constructed by Dr. R.K Saraswat was used. All participants were divided in two groups, an experimental group (N=50) and a control group (N=50). The groups were divided in such a way that there was no statistical significance difference in baseline mean between both the groups before the start of the study. The practice of Pragya Yoga and Pranakarshana Pranayama was done regularly for 45 days by the experimental group. The result showed that Pragyayoga and Pranakarshana Pranayama treatment lead to to significant improvement of self-concept of juvenile delinquents (p<0.01) indicating utility of these Yogic practices in Juvenile delinquency.


In this paper, the authors address the production planning problem for the pharmaceutical manufacturer that has developed a new drug. The pharmaceutical supply chain is composed of pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors. As the demand for a new drug from the downstream sites of the pharmaceutical supply chain is uncertain, random variables are not suitable for this case, and triangular fuzzy variables are instead used to model the uncertainty of the demand from downstream sites. A production planning, decision-making model based on the possibility theory is developed to determine the production plan for the manufacturer to minimize the cost and maximize the fill rate of orders from downstream sites. An example of the pharmaceutical supply chain is used to illustrate the proposed approach.


Fractional gastric analysis has for its purpose the determination of the evolution of gastric digestion. The necessity for such extended technic is justified by the fact that gastric digestion is marked by a series of constantly changing phases, so that it may now be definitely stated that an examination of any single phase of the digestive curve gives no information as to what has preceded or what will follow that phase. The most marked changes may occur in comparatively short intervals, so that findings at one period may be doubled or tripled at another period. The main point, however, is the essential fact that gastric digestion is the response of the organ to a definite stimulus, which, in health, evolves in a perfectly methodical and coordinated manner, and in disease evolves with every possible variation. In order, therefore, to interpret gastric disease, we must study the elements governing the response


We have studied the heavy fractions and the light ones of the Permian detrical materjals which are found just under the base of Buntsandtein, and so tbey are afected by the pretriasic alteration we have obteined sorne results about the characteristic of Ihese alteration, and tests aboud the results of the heavy minerals tecnic and the light fraction in the study of paleosoil and pa leoalteration.


This paper will propose standard methodologies for analyzing common lithographic data in three areas: photoresist contrast curves, swing curves, and focus-exposure matrices. For most data types, physics-based algebraic equations will be proposed to fit the data. The coefficients of these equation will offer physical insight into the meaning and nature of the data. The equations will be fit to the data using standard non-linear least-squares fitting algorithms with standard statistical test for removing data flyers and options for weighting the data. Analysis of the resulting curve fits will provide important information about the data. For the case of contrast curve data, the curve fits will yield resist contrast and dose-to-clear results. For swing curves, the swing ratio, period and the positions of the minimums and maximums will be provided. For focus- exposure data, process windows will be generated based on resist profile specifications. These process windows will then be analyzed by fitting rectangles or ellipses inside the window and determining the resulting exposure latitude/depth of focus trade-of. By specifying the desired exposure latitude, for example, the depth of focus and the best focus and best exposure to yield this maximum depth of focus will be calculated. Multiple process window overlaps can also be analyzed.


Interval-valued linguistic variables are efficient tools to express the decision makers' uncertain qualitative judgments. Considering the application of interval-valued linguistic variables, this paper proposes an interval distance measure, which is then used to define interval-valued linguistic interval distance measures by combining the 2-tuple linguistic representation model. To reflect the interactions between elements in a set, three correlative interval distance measures on intervalvalued linguistic variables are proposed. Meanwhile, several models designed to obtain the optimal weighting vector are constructed. After that, an approach to pattern recognition and to multi-attribute decision making with interval-valued linguistic information is developed. Meanwhile, associated examples are offered to demonstrate the concrete application of the proposed procedure.


Confronting some of the most heated issues in the literary academy, Harold Fromm charges that the critical practices dominating the liberal arts over the past two decades have subordinated literature to unethical ends. In the hand of some feminists, Marxists, new historicists, African-Americanists and others, Fromm says, literature is a commodity over which exclusive, self-aggrandizing interests are struggling for monopolistic control. Beneath an aura of revolutionary virtue, these critics are as entrepreneurial and politically self-centred as the capitalistic and patriarchal systems they denounce. Their goal, says Fromm, is less often genuine reform than power and success in the academy. Although Fromm grants some brilliantly radical thinking has been taking place on the humanities, he is concerned nonethless that literature itself is being devalued. Power-seeking cultural critics have alienated actual and potential audiences for the arts, readers no less intelligent than they, by disparaging the idea of literary value in the interests of political correctness. Most previous to Fromm - for it often serves no higher purpose than career advancement - critics have denigrated aesthetic pleasure and the enlargement of human experience as motivations for reading. In their place critics offer impossibly tendentious theories as a means of cornering their share of the academic market in ideas. Once literature is devalued to the role of political instrument, Fromm warns, the cultural rationale for its creation and appreciation disappears, and literary study becomes a pseudo-social science. Central to Fromm's detailed discussions of individual theorists and critics are his readings of what he calls the ethical subtexts of their writings. These subtexts, he says, can undermine the professed intentions of critics by betraying in them the same vices they castigate in others. In these subtexts Fromm finds suggestive evidence that much of the current ideological/literary enterprise is highly compromised by priestly resentments like those unmasked by Nietzsche.


In the process of the development of the database for Lushan Mountain Geopark and the WEBGIS system for Hebei geoheritages,the authors adhered to the principle that the database should be manipulated and viewed as a web-based encyclopedia(WIKI)system.On such a basis,people can simultaneously edit the database very easily.The system has created two WEBGIS services based on MAPGIS-IMS and FLASH.With the merits of the two techniques and the integration of remote sensing and GIS technologies,the system can provide information service for governments and tourists and supply geological background information to scientists.


Tunicate larvae have a non-reproductive GnRH system with multiple ligands and receptor heterodimerization enabling complex regulation. In the Ciona larva, one of the gnrh genes, gnrh2, is conspicuously expressed in the motor ganglion and nerve cord, which are homologous structures to the hindbrain and spinal cord, respectively, of vertebrates. The gnrh2 gene is also expressed in the proto-placodal sensory neurons, which are the proposed homologue of vertebrate olfactory neurons. The tunicate larvae occupy a non-reproductive dispersal stage, yet the roles of their GnRH system remain elusive. In this study, we investigated neuronal types of gnrh2-expressing cells in the Ciona larva and visualized activity of these cells by fluorescence imaging using a calcium sensor protein. Some cholinergic neurons as well as dopaminergic cells express gnrh2, suggesting that a role of GnRH in the control of swimming behavior. By contrast, none of the gnrh2-expressing cells overlap with glycinergic or GABAergic neurons. A role in the motor control is also suggested by correlation between activity of some gnrh2-expressing cells and tail movements. Interestingly, gnrh2-positive ependymal cells in the nerve cord, known as a kind of glia cells, actively produced Ca2+ transients, suggesting that neuroendocrine signaling occurs in glia cells of the nerve cord.


Raman spectra are reported for single crystals of the organic salt KTCNQ (potassium tetracyanoquinodimethane) and its deuterated analogue. Intensities of intramolecular and intermolecular (phonons) vibrations exhibit strong variations at the phase transition temperature associated with a dimmer–monomer transition. A simple model is presented to interpret and correlate these results with previously observed ir intensity anomalies in this and other organic semiconductors.


Designing policies to contribute to the sustainability of water resources requires an appropriate understanding of the use of the different sources of water and their determining factors. This work analyses the determinants of the demand for water captured underground for the industries (self-supply) in an urban environment with availability of water from the municipal network (publicly-supply). We apply a hurdle model using microdata for companies located in Zaragoza (Spain). We observe that self-supplied and publicly-supplied water are substitutes, so pricing policies focusing only on the latter have limited effectiveness for water conservation, confirming the need for integrated management. The variable cost of self-supply does not determine groundwater demand since there is no a groundwater volumetric tariff in Spain.


In order to solve the problem of femoral head segmentation on 3D CT volume data in computer aided medical diagnosing system,a fully automatic approach based on adaptive Graph Cuts was presented.In this approach,the femoral heads are located using hierarchical Hough transform according to their shape,and then the parameters and the shape constrains needed by the adaptive Graph Cuts algorithm are automatically set up and finally the segmentation could be completed without any interaction by the user.The experiments show that the new approach is quite robust and accurate and its accuracy can reach up to 95%.The segmentation system can be put into practical use after carrying out the integration.