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In this one-of-a-kind book/CD-ROM package, Ronny "Dr. Batch File" Richardson shows you how to harness the power of batch files under all the most popular operating systems: MS-DOS 6.2, PC DOS 6.3, Novell DOS 7, OS/2 Warp, and Windows. Richardson, today's leading writer on batch files, covers every aspect of writing keystroke-saving programs that can be used as they are or modified for virtually any file management chore. He unveils dozens of innovative batch file tricks and techniques you can use to make your work on the keyboard easier and more efficient.


In the past 30 years of reforming and opening up to the world,with the rapid progress of the national economy,Tongren Prefecture Public Library has developed rapidly.However,because the region is located in remote mountainous areas,its economic development is relatively slow.compared with the libraries inside and outside Guizhou province,our public libraries lag behind,which mainly lies in weak foundation,lack of funds,outdated equipment and low quality of service.On how to change this situation and speed up the development,this paper has some probe and put forward some views and suggestions.


Image inpainting has a wide range of applications in image processing. Exemplar-based technique can inpaint texture and structure regions simultaneously. However, the size of patch influences the result of inpainting. So far, there is no easy way to automatically determine the size of patch. Structure tensor can be used to determine priority, because it is able to determine the properties of a local area. In the paper, the size of patch is computed by structure tensor when adopting exemplar-based technique. To reduce blockiness, boundary constraints is added for searching for similar patches. The experiments show our proposed method can inpaint texture, flat, structure images. Adding boundary constraints can eliminate blockiness to a certain extent.


Click contract is a special way of making a contract on the Internet. As such contracts are made on the Internet, it is very difficult to adopt the present administration system and testimony rules to deal with the civil litigation involved in them. In a word, new legal rules must be made to meet the needs of the new contract form and enhance the advancement of the Internet business.


likelihood is recognised. This book focuses on culture in its broadest sense of people and their history, perceptions and life patterns, in this case placed in a desert environment. An overwhelmingly negative view of deserts is probably still held by most non-desert dwellers, who would view these places as generally hot, dry, threatening landscapes to be traversed and briefly viewed, but not to be lived in or enjoyed. Some would not immediately identify frozen landscapes like Antarctica as 'deserts'. For geographers, there will be regret at the lack of any maps in the book, the absence of locations for some illustrations, and tenuous links between text and illustrations in some sections. However the book is easy to read, lavishly illustrated, contains a wealth of stimulating information, and will hopefully encourage greater interest among the general public in those most fascinating and interesting of places, deserts.


A novel design of tunable band-stop filter is presented using MEMS technology. The MEMS bridge is used as the moveable structure to tune the frequency of the band-stop filter. The basic cell is designed on the coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. When the bridge is at up-state, the centre resonant frequency of the basic cell is 20.3GHz. When the bridge is at down-state, the centre resonant frequency of the basic cell is 23.44GHz. The 20dB bandwidth reaches 2.87GHz. Return loss is less than 0.5 dB in the stop-band. The band-stop filter is cascaded by three basic cells. It can be tuned from 23.4 to 18.2GHz, when the MEMS bridge is changed from up to down state.


This experiment research report,based on the theory of contemporary teaching design and educational technology,reflects the features of music teaching at college and shows the steps of teaching mode experiment,three teaching methods,two teaching media and two kinds of teaching contents.It makes an analysis and comparison on experiment data.It probes the theory concerned and obtains objective conclusion and report about experiment research work.


This study not only analyses the centres of research in Information Science (IS), including the migration of central topics and central countries, but also analyses the relationship between the shifting of centres of research and their transformation. In addition, this study explores the relationship between the formation of the centre of research and the academic influence of the country on IS itself. We collected 25,150 articles, including 313,293 references about citation analysis, from databases SCI-E and SSCI between 1977 and 2016 as our data source. The following findings were obtained through this study: the transfer (transfer time) of central research topics in the IS domain has accelerated, from 12 to 8 years between 1980 and 1990, to 6 to 4 years between 2000 and 2010, and to 3 years between 2011 and 2016. The number of central research topics has also grown, from one between 1997 and 2006, to two from 2006 to 2013 to three from 2013 to 2016. The geographical centres of IS research were the US and Britain between the 1970s and 1980s, but gradually migrated through neighbouring countries, and finally to Asia by 2000. China, which became the centre of research for IS in 2005 for the first time, has been ranked first since 2011. In addition, countries acting as centres of research enjoy not only a high output of literature but also great academic influence. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.


Article info: Received: 03 Jun 2020 First Revision: 10 Jul 2020 Accepted: 23 Oct 2020 Published: 01 Jan 2021 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC-By-NC license.


M and chloroplasts are believed to be the descendants of eubacteria that took up residence in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells billions of years ago. Both have since become obligate symbionts, but they retain genomes of their own, albeit much reduced in size, as well as the apparatus needed for gene expression, including organelle-specific ribosomes. Chloroplast and mitochondrial ribosomes have never been easy to work with because they are much less abundant than cytoplasmic ribosomes, and preparations uncontaminated by cytoplasmic ribosomes are hard to obtain. Nevertheless, it has long been evident that while chloroplast ribosomes are closely similar to those found in modern eubacteria, mitochondrial ribosomes have diverged a lot, and moreover, there is a lot of species to species variability. The first atomic-resolution ribosome structures to appear were all prokaryotic. From 2000 to ∼2015, the number of high-resolution structures available for the cytoplasmic ribosomes from eukaryotes was modest, and chloroplast and mitochondrial ribosomes were terra incognita. These gaps began to fill when the "resolution revolution" in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) got underway ∼2013, and we now have atomic-resolution cryo-EM structures for the cytoplasmic ribosomes from several eukaryotes, for chloroplast ribosomes (e.g., ref 1), and for three different kinds of mitochondrial ribosomes: yeast (e.g., ref 2), human (e.g., ref 3), and Trypanosoma brucei. The T. brucei structure, which was determined recently by Ban and his co-workers, is the subject of this commentary, and the data displayed in Table 1 show why it deserves attention. Compared to other ribosomes, it is gigantic, larger even than mammalian cytoplasmic 80S ribosomes [molecular weight (MW) of ∼3.8 × 10], and it is phenomenally rich in protein. When you look at images of this structure, you quickly realize that the small ribosomal subunit of the mitochrondrial ribosome from T. brucei (Tb-mit-SSU) is not so small. In most ribosomes, the molecular weight of the SSU is approximately half that of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU), but in these particles, the molecular weights of the two subunits are roughly equal. In addition, the Tb-mit-SSU is ∼92% protein by weight. Thus, instead of being an RNA assembly stabilized by proteins, like the SSUs and LSUs from all other ribosomes, it is a protein assembly slightly contaminated with RNA. Nevertheless, it retains the head, shoulder, and body organization typical of SSUs. The Tb-mit-LSU is somewhat less rich in protein than the Tb-mit-SSU, but it too is protein-dominated. Nevertheless, once again, its overall morphology resembles that of other LSUs. Crudely, it is a hemisphere, the (more or less) flat side of which contacts the SSU when the two subunits join to make a complete ribosome, and as usual, three protrusions extend from that surface. It is only when you look closer that it becomes apparent how profoundly this LSU has diverged from the eubacterial norm. The protrusion that in other LSUs consists of an RNA stalk capped with uL1 is made entirely of protein, and its central protrusion is also an all-protein assembly, instead of being a composite structure that includes 5S rRNA. (There is no 5S rRNA in these particles.) Finally, the RNA components of the two subunits are so positioned that when the subunits join to form a complete ribosome, a viruslike structure that consists of an RNA-rich core surrounded by a thick protein coat emerges. The rRNAs in these particles are radically reduced versions of those found in eubacterial ribosomes (see Table 1). Included in the little that remains are the components of SSU rRNA that support decoding and the parts of domain V of LSU rRNA that form the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome. Evidently, the Almighty has not yet figured out a way to dispense with them. The nucleotide sequence in the decoding region of the Tb-mit-SSU differs significantly from the eubacterial consensus but appears likely to function the same way. Little can be said about the three-dimensional structure of the PTC in these particles because it is so disordered that it can barely be seen in cryo-EM maps. The PTC is nowhere near as disordered in any of the other known ribosomes, but the implications of this difference in dynamics are completely obscure. This structure raises many questions. Why do the structures of mitochondrial ribosomes deviate so much from the eubacterial norm? Why is there so much variation from


Geographical condition in the south of Thailand stretches along both sides of the sea, causing coastal erosion problems. Especially at Chalathat Beach of Songkhla Province, problems caused by erosion are caused by many reasons. However, the rate of erosion is increasing every year. This research combines primary and secondary data to analyze coastal erosion trends using geographic measurement techniques using Google Earth Pro and Linear Regression to obtain a coastal erosion rate forecasting model that can forecast the area caused by the erosion of the coast of Chalathat Beach Songkhla Province in the next ten years. In 2032, the area of Chalathat Beach will be eroded by approximately 213,448.8232 square meters. This model can be applied to assess coastal erosion in the area nearby. In addition, this research is helping environmental agencies in coastal erosion assessments where they can assess the damage caused by coastal erosion and used for editing plans for long-term coastal erosion solutions.


The hour will come when we will stand alone before God with no place to hide, no room to rationalize, and no excuses to offer for our weaknesses and sin. We will stand in a searing light, naked and exposed, and all we ever did, good and bad, will stand with us in that light. That prospect, however vaguely felt, makes for a dark corner in every person's mind.


India' by Seshadri is not just a rhetroical article but an interesting review of the situation regarding the study and research of political science found in our country. There is a strong indictment of the political scientists in general who have not been able to rise to academic heights to which their peers in other disciplines in social sciences have risen and Seshadri pleads for a value oriented study of political science in India. In the last articl'e of this volume 'Political Science at the University of Delhi: Past, Present and Future' Bains makes some useful comments on the status of the discipline in general in India and at the University of Delhi in particular. He pleads for a more rational and unbiased approach to the development of the discipline in all its facets and streams and makes some tangible suggestions for improving the teaching of and research in the various sub-fields of political science, viz., political theory, comparative politics, Indian politics, public administration, international politics, and area studies. This book which adds to the scar.ty literature on political science in transition is most welcome. -HEM NARAYAN AGRAWAL


To discuss whether we have credible estimations about historical surface temperature evolution since industrial revolution or not, present study investigates consistencies and differences of averaged surface air temperature since 1900 between the multiple data sources: Hadley Center Climate Research Unit (HadCRU4) surface air temperature data, ECMWF 20 Century Reanalysis data (ERA20CR), and NCEP 20 Century Reanalysis data (NCEP20CR). Averaged surface temperatures are obtained for the global, polar (90S∼60S, 60N∼0N), midlatitude (60S∼30S, 30N∼60N), tropical (30S∼30N) region, separately. From the analysis, we show that: 1) spatio-temporal inhomogenity and scarcity of HadCRU4 data are not major obstacles in the reliable estimation of global surface air temperature. 2) Globally averaged temperature variability is largely contributed by those of tropical and midlatitude, which occupy more than 70% of earth surface in area. 3) Both data show consistent temperature variability in tropical region. 4) ERA20CR does not capture warm period over Arctic region in early 1900s, which is obvious feature in HadCRU4 data. Discrepancies among datasets suggest that high-level caution is needed especially in the interpretation of large Arctic warming in the early 1900s, which is often regarded as a natural variability in the Arctic region.


This study examines the accounting mechanisms linking the widespread mandatory adoption of IFRS in 2005 to valuation, liquidity, and analyst outcomes of adoption. I partition adopter firms into treatment groups based on changes in both reporting quality and cross-country accounting comparability around adoption, and study the relative importance of the two financial statement characteristics in explaining the economic effects of adoption. I find that firms with a larger improvement in comparability have better economic outcomes following adoption relative to other adopters. This result holds for tests of firm valuations, liquidity and analyst properties. Moreover, this result holds regardless of how reporting quality changes around adoption. In contrast, improvements in reporting quality around adoption appear to have only a second-order effect that is generally limited to valuation effects for those adopters with concurrent improvements in comparability. These results are robust to alternative design and variable specifications. Finally, I continue to find these results for samples restricted to countries with weaker pre-adoption institutional environments and countries that did not initiate pro-active financial statement reviews, indicating that strong institutions and regulatory improvements are not driving the results.


Psychosis is characterized by a diminished ability of the brain to distinguish externally driven activity patterns from self-generated activity patterns. Antipsychotic drugs are a class of small molecules with relatively broad binding affinity for a variety of neuromodulator receptors that, in humans, can prevent or ameliorate psychosis. How these drugs influence the function of cortical circuits, and in particular their ability to distinguish between externally and self-generated activity patterns, is still largely unclear. To have experimental control over self-generated sensory feedback we used a virtual reality environment in which the coupling between movement and visual feedback can be altered. We then used widefield calcium imaging to determine the cell type specific functional effects of antipsychotic drugs in mouse dorsal cortex under different conditions of visuomotor coupling. By comparing cell type specific activation patterns between locomotion onsets that were experimentally coupled to self-generated visual feedback and locomotion onsets that were not coupled, we show that deep cortical layers were differentially activated in these two conditions. We then show that the antipsychotic drug clozapine disrupted visuomotor integration at locomotion onsets also primarily in deep cortical layers. Given that one of the key components of visuomotor integration in cortex is long-range cortico-cortical connections, we tested whether the effect of clozapine was detectable in the correlation structure of activity patterns across dorsal cortex. We found that clozapine as well as two other antipsychotic drugs, aripiprazole and haloperidol, resulted in a strong reduction in correlations of layer 5 activity between cortical areas and impaired the spread of visuomotor prediction errors generated in visual cortex. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that a major functional effect of antipsychotic drugs is a selective alteration of long-range layer 5 mediated communication.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of simulated transportation and packaging materials by providing simulation vibration of 50 rpm for time duration of 3 and 6 hours on physico-chemical properties of ber fruits cv. Umran during transportation and storage under ambient conditions. The total soluble solids, TSS: acid ratio and organoleptic rating first increased and then decreased with increase in duration of storage. The TSS, TSS: acid ratio and ascorbic acid content decreased with increased duration of vibration. The acidity of the fruits first decreased and then increased with increase in period of storage. The minimum losses were observed in the fruits given simulation vibration for 3 hours and stored in CFB boxes whereas, maximum losses were noted in fruits given simulation vibration for 6 hours and stored in nylon netted bags. Packaging of fruits in CFB boxes was found most effective in reducing all the losses and keeping the ber fruits more healthy with high consumer acceptability as compared to other two types of packages used.


This work objective is to find the technological conditions for the intensification of yeast growth in the gradient-continuous yeast cultivation process. Experiments on four sequential yeast chemostats (connected into a battery) demonstrated broad possibilities to influence the metabolic activity of yeast and the alcohol production depending on the content of molasses introduced into the second, third and fourth yeast generators. Adding the molasses according to the 3:2:1 scheme in quantities, which are sufficient to achieve the initial concentration of solids of 26.5 g/100 cm 3 to the end of the process resulted in high accumulation of yeast in the medium (up to 99 g/dm 3 ). It is demonstrated that the highest ratio of economic effect of biomass synthesis from molasses sugars (88 g/100 g) is achieved when molasses is added according to the 1:2:2.5 scheme and the initial solids concentration in the medium is near 12 g/100 cm 3 .


An organic-inorganic NLO single crystal was grown using conventional and slow cooling method or ATR (Assembled temperature reduction method). Properties of as grown crystal were tried to modify using swift heavy ion (Au3+) of various fluences ranging from 1013 ions/cm2, to 1014 ions/cm2. Dielectric property of orthorhombic crystal was studied. It was noticed that, as ion fluence increases the dielectric constant of as grown material also increases. Hardness of the undamaged and swift heavy ion irradiated crystals was studied. It was concluded that the ability of resistance of deformation of swift heavy ion implanted crystal increases with increase of ion fluences. Thermal studies were carried out and it was observed that irradiated crystal exhibits increased thermal stability with increase of ion energy and this was owing to decreased degree of crystallinity.


In order to interpret the paleoclimatic record stored in the air enclosed in polar ice cores, it is crucial to understand the fundamental lock-in process. Within the porous firn, bubbles are sealed continuously until the respective horizontal layer reaches a critical porosity. Present-day firn models use a postulated temperature dependence of this value as the only parameter to adjust to the surrounding conditions of individual sites. However, no direct measurements of the firn microstructure could confirm these assumptions. Here we show that the critical porosity is a universal constant by providing a statistically solid data set of μm-resolution 3D X-ray computer tomographic measurements for ice cores representing different extremes of the temperature and accumulation ranges. We demonstrate why indirect measurements yield misleading data and substantiate our observations by applying percolation theory as a theoretical framework for bubble trapping. Incorporation of our results does significantly influence the dating of trace gas records, changing gas age–ice age differences by up to more than 1000 years. This will help resolve inconsistencies, such as differences between East Antarctic δ 15 N records (as a proxy for firn height) and model results. We expect our findings to be the basis for improved firn air and densification models, leading to lower dating uncertainties. The reduced coupling of proxies and surrounding conditions may allow for more sophisticated reinterpretations of trace gas records in terms of paleoclimatic changes and will foster the development of new proxies, such as the air content as a marker of local insolation.


An electrophysiology catheter (2) includes a handle (4) and a catheter shaft (6) having a flexible tip portion (22) with one or more electrodes (26, 28). A radial deflection wire (42) connects the tip portion to a first manipulator (10) at the handle to radially deflect the tip portion to a curved shape. A multifunction wire (60) extends from a second manipulator (11) at the handle to the tip portion. The second manipulator slides the multifunction wire longitudinally to position the distal end (64) of the multifunction wire along the multifunction lumen (38). The distal end of the multifunctional wire and the multifunction lumen are configured to provide interfering torquing surfaces (68, 70) so that when a third manipulator (12) rotates or torques the proximal end (62) of the multifunctional wire, the torquing force exerted between the interfering torquing surface causes lateral deflection of the radially curved tip portion. The catheter is constructed so that lateral deflection of the radially deflected tip portion is totally or at least substantially in-plane lateral deflection.


In 1994, a prohibition against ethnic discrimination was introduced in Swedish law. Since then, the Labour Court has adjudicated ethnic discrimination in working life only in 40 cases and the employer has only been convicted in two cases. This represents a very low approval rate, which differs significantly from the general courts' approval rate. The Labour Court has received extensive criticism on how it applies established legislation and, in particular, the special burden of proof rule.

The purpose of my thesis has been to analyse how effectively the prohibition against ethnic discrimination in working life is. In order to achieve this purpose, I have examined and analysed the law, and in particular the special burden of proof rule and its application.

In my thesis, I have used "Judgments in Discrimination Caces 1999-2009. A preliminary study. "(Preliminary study) and SOU 2016: 87" Better protection against discrimination "(investigation). The preliminary study has analysed judgments in discrimination cases from the Labour Court and the general courts for a period of ten years. The analysis has shown significant differences between the general courts and the Labour Court when it comes to the approval rate and application of the special burden of proof rule. According to the preliminary study, the burden of proof rule is being applied as a presumption rule by the general courts, while the Labour Court applies it as a rule of shared burden of proof. The investigation has also conducted an analysis of judgments in discrimination cases from the general courts and the Labour Court. Unlike the preliminary study, the investigation has analysed judgments that have been adjudicated between year 2009 and 2015. The investigation reveals a lower difference in the approval rate between the Labour Court and the general courts than in the preliminary study. According to the investigation, the Labour Court has now the same view on the application of the burden of proof rule as the general courts, thus as a presumption rule. Furthermore, the investigation states that the differences that have been observed between the court categories, are not related to the application of the burden of proof rule, but rather to the fact that the discrimination cases are more complex in the Labour Court and that the court does not apply the special burden of proof.

In my analysis of case law, I have brought up legal cases that have been announced before the year 2009 as well as after. In the analysis, I have found that the Labour Court circumvents the application of the burden of proof rule and imposes low demands on the employer.

The preliminary study and the investigation suggest different solutions to address the problems that have been observed. One of the proposed solutions is the introduction of a Discrimination Board. The Discrimination Board could help more people, including those who are not members of a union, to bring their own action and get a case-by-case review. This would mean that the issue of ethnic discrimination in working life will be tested more often.


The and the Potential Strategic at Enterprise The points of view of various domestic scholars concerning the definition of the term of «change» are considered, the concepts of the enterprise poten tial, potential of changes and potential of strategic changes at enterprise are analyzed. Necessity of formation of potential of strategic changes as a basis of development of enterprise is substantiated. A classification of types of potential of strategic changes depending on the methods of changes is suggested, methods for evaluating the potential of strategic changes are con -sidered. A conceptual scheme of formation of strategic changes potential is elaborated, which defines: types of potential of strategic changes, methods and models of evaluation of potential of strategic changes, stages of forma tion and instruments for development of potential of strategic changes. The potential of strategic changes is the basis of materialization of enterprise's ability as to development and is considered as an aggregate of possibilities for transition of the enterprise from the current status to a qualitatively new one, that is provided by using material, financial, innovative, informational,


The self-consistent relativistic Thomas-Fermi theory of heavy positive ions with N electrons and nuclear charge Ze is shown to lead to a chemical potential fi which has the scaling property p =Z4/3F(N/Z;~/Z2/ 3), with E = a2Z2, a being the fine structure constant. Combining this with the Layzer-Bahcall expansion for the total energy E(Z, N), namely,


The dietary habits of 12 women who attempted or committed suicide were studied. The result shows their ascorbic acid intake was significantly lower compared with the subjects in the control group. A conceivable explanation is that these women had somehow raised tissue levels of vanadium, and their ascorbic acid intake was not adequate enough to deal with depression due to excessive vanadium, resulting in attempted or committed suicide.


The purpose of this study was to determine the Implementation of the Gallery Walk Cooperative Learning Method in Improving Student Science Learning Outcomes at the Muhammadiyah Guidance Center in Kampung Bharu Malaysia. This research is a qualitative research. This research was carried out by the Muhammadiyah Guidance Center in Kampung Bharu Malaysia. The types and sources of data are in the form of Primary data and Secondary data. Primary data obtained directly through interviews. Secondary data is research supporting data such as documents, activity results reports, through words and actions from research informants and research subjects related to the Implementation of the Gallery Walk Cooperative Learning Method in Improving Student Science Learning Outcomes. Data collection techniques in this study are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are several things that are done by science teachers in implementing the Gallery Walk Cooperative Learning Method in Improving Student Science Learning Outcomes at the Muhammadiyah Guidance Studio Kampung Bharu Malaysia, namely implementing planning before carrying out science learning using the Gallery Walk method for students in the Studio Guidance of Muhammadiyah Kampung Bharu Malaysia. Furthermore, the implementation of the Gallery Walk method is going well, this is evidenced by the smooth science learning activities carried out in class. And the evaluation of the application of the Gallery Walk method in learning science has gone smoothly because it is in accordance with the planning and implementation


After a trial of the therapeutic complex including extra high frequency electromagnetic field in 154 patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma high efficacy of EHF-therapy was stated in the above diseases.


Spatial information is considered as the key information in many computer vision tasks including visual tracking. We attempt to use spatial information to get essential knowledge of the tracking targets in videos. Adapting to the geometry variations of the objects, the deformable convolutional networks (Deformable ConvNets) show the successful exploitation of the potential of spatial information. Through investigating the work of Deformable ConvNets, we propose the offset-adjustable deformable convolutional network for tracking. Provided with the offset adjustability technique, our network is able to have a good grasp of spatial information for the tracking objects. An appropriate target localization method is crucial to efficient tracking. One novel region proposal network with Siamese structure is designed to propose the candidate target regions and plays a vital role in promoting the effectiveness and efficiency of our model. We test our method on widely-applied OTB2015 and VOT2017 benchmark datasets. The experimental results show our method realizes state-of-the-art effects and achieves great improvement in comparison to other trackers.


Many locomotion tasks on real, complex terrain are poorly modeled as deviations from limit cycles of steady state running. As obstacles become larger and larger relative to leg length, every step is novel and challenging: the leap onto a ledge in Fig. 1 is quite unlike any running step. We seek to organize and systematically reduce this space to a finite set of dynamic transition "words" in order to enable dramatic outdoor transitional behaviors. For moreinformation: Kod*Lab Disciplines Electrical and Computer Engineering | Engineering | Systems Engineering Comments BibTeX entry @@inproceedings{johnson_dw_2013, title = {Robot Parkour: The Ground Reaction Complex & Dynamic Transitions}, booktitle = {Dynamic Walking}, year = {2013}, author = {Aaron M Johnson and D E Koditschek}, month = { June} } This work was supported by the ARL/GDRS RCTA project under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-10–2−0016. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers/659 Robot Parkour: The Ground Reaction Complex & Dynamic Transitions Aaron M. Johnson and D. E. Koditschek


This paper studies the e¤ects of cross-border patient mobility on health care quality and welfare when income varies across and within regions. We use a Salop model with a high, middle and low income region, where, in each region, a policy maker chooses the level of health care quality that maximises welfare subject to costs being …nanced by general taxation. In equilibrium, regions with higher income o¤er better quality, implying that the high (low) income region imports (exports) patients and the middle-income region both imports and exports patients. Assuming DRG-pricing, we …nd that a reduction in mobility costs has generally heterogeneous e¤ects on regional health care quality and welfare, with low and middle income regions being vulnerable to adverse e¤ects of cross-border health care liberalisation. We also show that higher income inequality in a region might have negative spillover e¤ects on quality provision in other regions because of cross-border patient mobility. Keywords: Patient mobility; Health care quality; Income inequalities; Regional welfare. JEL Classi…cation: H51; H73; I11; I18 The paper has bene…ted from being presented at the European Health Economics Workshop 2015 in Toulouse. We are grateful for comments by Christoph Schottmüller. yDepartment of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Helleveien 30, N-5045 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: email@example.com. zDepartment of Economics, University of Brescia, Via San Faustino 74b, 25100 Brescia, Italy. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. xCorresponding author. Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. E-mail: email@example.com. {Department of Economics/NIPE, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; and Department of Economics, University of Bergen. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


The study was conducted in 2022 with a sample of 100 respondents. The Red gram respondents were divided into three farms groups marginal, small and medium (27, 13, 10 in Maruti and 27, 14 and 9 in Charu variety), respectively. Marketing cost of Maruti and Charu variety was Rs.760/qtl and Rs.780/qtl in channel I, and Rs.1190/qtl in channel II. Marketing margin was Rs. 600/ha in channel I and Rs.950/ha and Rs.930/ha in channel II. Price spread was Rs. 1360 and Rs.1340/ha in channel I and Rs. 2140/ha and Rs.2110/ha in channel II respectively. Marketing efficiency of Maruti and Charu was 6.55 and 6.1 in channel I and 6.85 and 6.75 in channel II. Producer's share in consumer's rupee in Maruti and Charu variety was 84.74% and 83.36% in channel I and 75.60% and 75.55% in channel II, respectively. Major constraints during marketing of red gram was lack of storage, high commission charge, delay payment etc.


Abstract In this paper we introduce a new version of ENO (essentially non-oscillatory) shock-capturing schemes which we call weighted ENO. The main new idea is that, instead of choosing the "smoothest" stencil to pick one interpolating polynomial for the ENO reconstruction, we use a convex combination of all candidates to achieve the essentially non-oscillatory property, while additionally obtaining one order of improvement in accuracy. The resulting weighted ENO schemes are based on cell averages and a TVD Runge-Kutta time discretization. Preliminary encouraging numerical experiments are given.


This essay introduces the concept of 'historical violence' in the lives of young Filipinos, especially those who are unemployed and referred to locally as the istambay (on standby) phenomenon. Drawing on the work of José Rizal, a nineteenth-century Filipino social thinker and activist, the essay offers a dialogue between the past and present locating the istambay phenomenon in the colonial experience of a nation. It argues for the necessity of historicizing violence, and recognizing the violent effects of colonialism, in order to understand and challenge stereotypes such as those regarding young Filipinos' attitudes toward work. Historical accounts demonstrate how colonization continues to affect life stages such as youth. Rizal's narratives of sustainability, precolonial history, and globalization are linked to current sociologies of youth, religion, and public policy.


When planning a power plant it is important to consider requirements on the maximum admissible noise, as well. After completion of the plant it often shows that the sound pressure levels aimed at in the planning will be exceeded, although the individual aggregates that were ordered comply with the applicable standards and guidelines for the determination of the sound power levels. The reason for exceeding these levels may be found in the noise transmission and the mutual influence of power plant components among each other. These aspects are not covered by the applicable measurement standards. For some chosen power plant components, e. g. fans, compressors, pumps, steam and gas turbo-sets, valves and gears, it will be described how there noise is radiated into other plant components. It will be discussed in how far this partial noise is dealt with in the respective measurement standards. The information elaborated by the VGB Working Group Larmminderung helps to formulate noise control warrantees.


This paper proposes a method of investigating the intentional structure of dialogue discourse as a means of literary style marking. to accomplish this, a classifactory system of five logical functions of language is postulated: the Logical function, the Practical function, the Poetic function, the Expressive function, and the Ceremonial function. Random sampling and tests of significance were used to investigate the proportional frequencies of occurrence of these sentence functions in selected texts: Camus's L'Etranger, La Chute, and La Peste. Results obtained by this inquiry show that the different language functions vary significantly in proportional use in the three novels in question. an analysis of such stylolinguistic data sheds light on the underlying semantic structure of literary discourse, and on the compositional and stylistic design of the author's message. Each author will be found to have his or her own characteristic range of varying proportional occurrences of the different language functions which, it is shown, corroborate or refute impressionistic notions of character.


In Indonesia, the prevalence of diarrhea is highest among children under five. Economic factors and maternal knowledge are, in this case, significantly related to diarrhea incidence, and the latter substantially defines self-medication measures taken for acute diarrhea treatment. The research was intended to determine the extent to which socioeconomic conditions and diarrheal knowledge formed comprehension of such treatment. For this purpose, it employed a cross-sectional study with 504 research subjects, namely, mothers of children under five in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of items on socioeconomic details (education, employment, income), diarrheal knowledge, and relevant self-medication knowledge. Afterward, education and post-test were conducted using the same list of questions. Analytical techniques were carried out to identify how significant socioeconomic characteristics determined knowledge of diarrheal disease and self-medication.Results showed that, socioeconomically, a large proportion of research subjects attained secondary to tertiary education (76%), were unemployed (71%), and earned low income (62%). Educational attainment was found to be significantly related to levels of knowledge of diarrheal disease and self-medication (p < 0.005), but employment status and income were not (p > 0.005). Analysis results also indicate a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between the level of knowledge of diarrheal disease and that of diarrheal self-medication. Overall, socioeconomic status (i.e., level of education) and diarrheal knowledge is significantly related to diarrheal self-medication knowledge.


Abstract In this present paper, an investigation has been performed to find out the combination of input process parameters for induction hardening of AISI 1045 steel component based on desirability function. To enhance the mechanical properties of steel components using induction hardening process, quality responses like effective case depth (ECD) and hardness values are analysed for different combinations of medium frequency power, feed rate, quench pressure and temperature in a selected range. The experimental trials are conducted, based on the design matrix obtained from the rotatable central composite design (CCD), with the help of an induction hardening station equipped with a 150 kW power converter. A significant regression model is also developed to predict these quality responses using response surface methodology (RSM). To establish desirability index in a multi-response process like induction hardening, a new approach has been devised. This approach i.e. selection of both, heating and quenching parameters proved significant, which is considered as one of the major contribution of presented research work. A non destructive evaluation technique, based on dynamic response, is also developed which will further combine with optimization strategy to develop an innovative quality assurance system for industrial induction hardening process.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a removable data storage cartridge (10) flat carbon steel shutter for (20), said shutter, its appearance, abrasion resistance, durability and corrosion resistance comprising a first coating (32) to increase. In addition to the first coating, the shutter also includes to reduce corrosion caused by ambient moisture in the atmosphere, the vapor corrosion inhibitor (34). To increase the stiffness, increase the band width of the curved portion.


This chapter explores parents' practical efforts to realize the promise that the believe digital technologies hold for learning –at home, at school and in extracurricular activities-- in the present and for the future. Our fieldwork contrasts the values and imaginaries of three extracurricular digital learning sites, bringing together the voices of educators and parents to understand how each conceives of the learning potential associated with digital technologies. Somewhat unexpectedly, although the chosen learning sites vary considerably in resources, each tends to underplay the importance of parents in scaffolding children's digital interests and, through a series of minor but significant barriers, to disconnect parents from their children's learning.


Evaluate the differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) burden between patients with ischemic resuscitated, ischemic refractory VT/VF OHCA events and N/STEMI.


Abstract Chroniochilus sinicus L. J. Chen & Z. J. Liu, a new species, is described for the Orchidaceae from Yunnan, China, and accordingly the genus Chroniochilus J. J. Sm. is first reported from China. The new species differs from the allied species C. virescens (Ridl.) Holttum by having much larger leaves (7–10 cm), much longer inflorescences (to 18 cm), tiny bracts, and a cordate-conical lip constricted in its upper portion, with side-lobes 3.5–4.5 mm long.


In Mediterranean countries, the incidence (per 100 000 per year) of Type 1 diabetes in children aged under 15 years shows wide variation from country to country, ranging from 2.45 in Macedonia to 34.4 in Sardinia. By interacting with environmental factors such as diet, toxins or viral infections, the HLA plus non‐HLA genes of susceptibility or resistance to Type 1 diabetes so far identified are the strongest determinants of the disease as far as incidence, age at onset and sex ratio are concerned. The distribution of these genes in the Mediterranean region is still not completely known.


This paper examines different eyetracking artifacts that were generated by cognitively disabled individuals as they were exposed to a series of websites which had similar content but different design factors. It is an extension of previous work, undertaken to determine if eyetracking data might further explain web usability findings relating to these individuals. The websites were presented to users who were suffering from different types of cognitive disabilities on which they performed a series of search tasks. The websites were scored by a heuristic defining the impact of the design factors on each website to create a difficulty spectrum that allowed the websites to be split in two groups, difficult and easy. Eyetracking artifacts from the users were compared against the difficult and easy website groups to see if there was any difference in user eye behavior. Differences in user activity related to saccades and information search were found to be significant.


We are staff nurses in a small community hospital in Northumberland with no on-site library facilities apart from a few journals and copies of Nursing Standard.


The aim of this paper is to introduce and study BiHom-Poisson algebras, in particular Non-BiHom-Commutative BiHom-Poisson algebras. We discuss their representation theory and Semi-direct product. Furthermore, we characterize admissible BiHom-Poisson algebras. Finally, we establish the classification of 2-dimensional BiHom-Poisson algebras.


This dissertation explores the role of the EU agency Frontex in the EU border regime. Contrary to the mainstream formulation in academic research which views that Frontex is a mere tool of EU member states and did not change the intergovernmental cooperation, this dissertation has pursued the agency's potential in bringing integrative effect on the regime. To this aim, this dissertation has used the sociological institutionalist approach as it provides a theoretical basis for defining the EU border regime and explaining the nature and mechanisms that Frontex has exercised to influence the regime.

By looking at Frontex's activities in mobilisation of state border agencies, promotion of common standards and producing risk analysis at external borders, this research has found that Frontex has had integrative effects on the regime with certain limitations. Empirical analyses have shown that a set of procedures and mechanisms that Frontex has developed have increased the participation of state border agencies in EU's border guard activities, which implies the shift of the initial intergovernmental cooperation to a more structured form of cooperation. It has also found that, although the outcome has been unevenly spread in Europe, Frontex has acted as an agent of transfer in promoting common standards for border guard training curriculums and automated border control systems. Moreover, Frontex has effectively transformed the politically defined "risks" at the EU's external border to measureable terms at an operational level, which has enabled the classification of the EU member states. This dissertation has observed the effect of the agency's risk analysis in the policy makers' decisions.

These findings conclude that, although it is still of a hybrid nature that has derived from contradicting elements between state-centric and supranational forces, Frontex has certainly changed the regime towards integration. In this context, this dissertation has enriched the understanding of institutional and organisational dynamics in a EU policy field and the role that EU agencies can play in it.


We derive accurate proper motions of the CH3OH 12 GHz masers toward the W3(OH) ultra-compact (UC) H ii region, employing seven epochs of VLBA observations spanning a time interval of about 10 yr. The achieved velocity accuracy is of the order of 0.1 km s−1, adequate to precisely measure the relative velocities of most of the 12 GHz masers in W3(OH), with amplitude varying in the range 0.3–3 km s−1. Toward W3(OH), the most intense 12 GHz masers concentrate in a small area toward the north (the northern clump) of the UC H ii region. We have compared the proper motions of the CH3OH 12 GHz masers with those (derived from literature data) of the OH 6035 MHz masers, emitting from the same region of the methanol masers. In the northern clump, the two maser emissions emerge from nearby (but likely distinct) cloudlets of masing gas with, in general, a rather smooth variation of line-of-sight and sky-projected velocities, which suggests some connection of the environments and kinematics traced by both maser types. The conical outflow model, previously proposed to account for the 12 GHz maser kinematics in the northern clump, does not reproduce the new, accurate measurements of 12 GHz maser proper motions and has to be rejected. We focus on the subset of 12 GHz masers of the northern clump belonging to the "linear structure at P.A. = 130°–140°," whose regular variation of LSR velocities with position presents evidence for some ordered motion. We show that the three-dimensional velocities of this "linear distribution" of 12 GHz masers can be well fitted considering a flat, rotating disk, seen almost edge-on.


Measuring Foreign Language Learning Aptitude. Polish Adaptation of The Modern Language Aptitude Test By Carroll and Sapon This article sets itself two main aims. The first is to describe the rationale behind the decision to adapt for Polish learners the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) by Carroll and Sapon (1959), rather than to develop a new measure. The reasons behind the decision are discussed in the context of the relevant individual differences (ID) research in Poland and the need for a reliable and theoretically valid measure of foreign language (FL) aptitude for L1 Polish is articulated. The other aim is to describe the development, piloting and initial validation of the Polish MLAT-based adaptation of a new measure of FL aptitude. Two methods of test adaptation (translation and paraphrase) are discussed and justified with relation to the current project. It was decided that all four components of FL aptitude, as proposed by Carroll (1981), would be represented in the Polish adaptation of the MLAT. The piloting was done on approximately 200 secondary school learners aged 19, while the data for the initial validation study, in the form of second language (L2) English proficiency test results as well as simple measures of motivation, length of study, social background and others, came from ca. 250 subjects, aged 18-22.


A food processing line is comparatively vulnerable to contaminants, whether through inattentive workers and employees or from the processing machines made largely out of steel or from raw materials that are contaminated themselves. Any of these risks can affect quality resulting in poor hygiene or even can put customer health in danger. Millimeter-wave imaging plays a significant role in many fields such as security inspection and medical diagnostics. Moreover, millimeter wave instruments are useful in detecting objects behind and inside visibly opaque barriers such as, concrete walls and plastic boxes. We describe a millimeter wave imaging system that uses a one-dimensional detector in combination with a single pixel mask in order to acquire two-dimensional images out of buried objects inside a bread. Our system can be used to detect metals and salty substances for bread quality control and defect detection. The system uses 60 GHz center frequency to image the target in transmission mode which utilizes a heterodyne sub-harmonic receiver placed in a bi-static configuration


Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In the United States alone OA affects more than 30 million adults. Several risk factors for OA are well studied, still, there are no therapies to prevent OA. Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a possible risk factor for OA. However, the current literature shows inconsistent results and most of these studies do not address the molecular changes associated with this effect. In addition, most of these studies do not account for changes in body mass index, a well‐known risk factor for OA. In the present study, we first aimed to determine if diabetes is indeed a risk factor for OA, independently of body mass index. Next, we examined diabetes‐related molecular changes in the mouse cartilage knee joints that could contribute to OA. We hypothesized that diabetes would promote OA. Sixteen weeks old streptozotocin‐induced diabetic male mice were assessed for OA and molecular changes in the knee cartilage joint. Cartilage degeneration measurements of the knee joint show a mild OA phenotype in the diabetic group, characterized by proteoglycan loss, when compared to the control group, suggesting that diabetes can moderately promote OA. However, diabetes does not intensify post‐traumatic osteoarthritis induced by a non‐invasive tibial compression injury model. Changes in cartilage knee joint gene expression by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) identified 519 up regulated genes and 645 down regulated genes differentially regulated between diabetic and non‐diabetic animals. This includes known regulators of cartilage and bone remodeling genes such as Col11a2, Col27a1, Mmp28, Adam33, Bglap, Ctsk and Acp5. Our findings suggest that diabetes can be a risk factor for OA, and we identified differential expression of genes that might contribute to the enhanced OA phenotype observed in the diabetic group. This study provides the first account of cartilage knee joint gene expression changes related to diabetes and the risk of OA. Understanding the relationship between diabetes and OA and the molecular changes associated with this can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.


Understanding factors that impact tissue oxygen extraction may guide red blood cell (RBC) transfusion decision making in preterm infants. Our objective was to assess the influence of enteral feeding and anemia on cerebral and mesenteric oxygen saturation (Csat and Msat) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE and mFTOE) over the entire time course of RBC transfusion.


Social scientists continually stumble on the question of how to define modern society. Such definitions are necessarily both theoretical and political in the way that they put together different elements of an explanation. This paper considers the competing claims of two paradigms – that of industrial (and post-industrial) society and capitalism. It argues that the concept of capitalism is superior to any version of the industrial-post-industrial society argument. But theories of capitalism which focus on private property, markets and competition by themselves fail to deal with the role of states and force in constituting the modern world. To understand the nature of organisations within global system, therefore, we need a fuller understanding of the nature of capitalism.


This study was carried out to develop the propagation system using in vitro induced- microtubers of yams (Dioscorea alata L.). Effects of kinds of media, mineral composition, sucrose concentration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%), photoperiod (0, 8, 12, 16, 24h), and growth regulators (NAA, IAA, ZR, JA-Me, ABA) on the development of microtubers, roots, and shoots in nodal stem segment cultures of D. alata L. were evaluated. Microtuberization in nodal stem segment occurred on all the media supplemented with growth regulator and sucrose. Among basic media, 1/2MS medium was the best in microtuber induction. NAA was shown to be the most effective among the growth regulators. Optimal NAA concentration was 1mg/l. The microtuberization was the highest at the concentration of 6% sucrose. When the nodal stem segment were cultured under darkness, the tuberization was increased markedly compared to those cultured under light condition. It was also noticeable that the culture in medium with NAA produced only microtubers and roots, but no shoots, in nodal segments. In this study, the optimal medium composition for microtuberization in nodal stem segment was found to be 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l NAA and 6% sucrose under dark condition at .


Abstract: The presence of high levels of heavy metals in anaerobic fermentation residues is a major obstacle to the resource utilization and urgent research for removal of heavy metals in the biogas slurry is needed. The handling of large-scale residue slurry and safely returning to field urgently needed constructive suggestion. The contents of heavy metal elements in the residue of anaerobic digestion processes of the wastewater and waste of the piggery were mainly investigated. The contents of heavy metals in the original fluid and the centrifugal solution were determined in this study. They included elements, such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Mn, and Se, which were compared with the existing standard including the irrigation water quality standards (GB5084-2005), comprehensive discharge standard of sewage (GB8978-1996) and water-solubility humic acid fertilizer quality standards (NY1106-2010). The preliminary data suggested that both the heavy metals before and after centrifugation were in excess of the standards to some degree and the exceeding standard rate declined ignificantly after centrifugation. The absolute contents of heavy metals after centrifugation declined significantly compared with that before centrifugation. Those ratios are 91.8%, 73.2%, 47.6%, 94.5%, 93.5%, 59.4%, 95.8%, 100% for Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn,Pb, respectively. A descriptive statistics as well as a correlational analysis showed that there existed strong correlation among Cu, Pb, and the total suspended solids (TS). Meanwhile, significant correlation was found among TS, Cd, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, and Mn at 0.01 level. The data and the analysis above provided the theoretical and experimental support for the removal of heavy mental mainly characterized by the removal of TS. According to the comparison between contents of heavy mental conversed from large amount nutrients and corresponding standard (NY1110-2006), only as was found beyond standard. It was feasible
to apply biogas residues after centrifugation as water-solubility fertilizer due to the fact that As had low accumulation efficiency in soil and plants.
Keywords: fluid biogas residue, heavy metals, distribution, correlation, fertilization
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20130604.005
Citation: Ma J Q, Zhu H G, Fan M. Distribution of heavy metals in pig farm biogas residues and the safety and feasibility assessment of biogas fertilizer. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2013; 6(4): 35-43.


The paper deals with the phenomenon of critical friendship in relation to my experience of doing action research on the use of new technologies at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Slavonski Brod in the academic year 2009/10. It analyses the role of my critical friends and their influence on my research. Special attention is given to the emotional side of critical friendship.


In order to evaluate the performance of the modification on inlet manifold in an engine,the CFD simulation method was used to simulate air flow in inlet manifold system.By comparing flow resistance coefficient,flow coefficient and air flow rate coefficient,a final modification design was determined.The results indicate that turbulence in bend pipe was the major factor affecting the flow loss.Therefore,the cross section of bend pipe was designed as oblate shape,and the inlet cross-section of manifold was increased while its radius was also increased at the same time.The results demonstrate that the flow resistance and flow rate after optimization were superior to that of prototype machine.


Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) is a medicinal plant popularly known as "wild basil" widely used in traditional medicine. The plant has numerous compounds, and eugenol is the major constituent of its essential oil and likely responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity and the potential mechanism of action of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of O. gratissimum L. (OEOg) against standard strains of Candida. The following experiments were performed: determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), determination of the effect of exposure time to OEOg; evaluation of the modulating effect of OEOg in antifungal (ATF) activity for clinical use; determination of the effects of the OEOg on different growth phases of Candida spp; determination of crystal violet (CV) uptake and the microculture of yeast technique. OEOg showed good antifungal activity against Candida, being able to reduce microbial growth during 24 hours of contact and also the number of viable cells at all stages of growth. OE positively modulates the activity of ketoconazole for C. tropicalis ATCC 13803. Increased uptake of CV and also the inhibition of Candidavirulence factors were also observed, which indicates the occurrence of damage in the cell envelope. These findings, coupled with the low toxicity of OEOg on human erythrocytes, indicate that "wild basil" is a promising plant for the development of a new drug with a potential activity to treat fungal diseases.


1. Introduction. Ingrid Granne, Lorraine Corfield . 2. Consent in adults. Ingrid Granne, Lorraine Corfield. 3. Consent in children. Ingrid Granne, Lorraine Corfield. 4. Refusal of medical treatment. Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 5. Negligence: the duty of care. Ingrid Granne, Lorraine Corfield. 6. Negligence: the legal standard of care. Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 7. Negligence: causation. Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 8. Confidentiality. Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 9. Withholding and withdrawing life sustaining treatment. Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 10. Research. Lorraine Corfield, Ruth Wilkinson, Ingrid Granne. 11. Organ transplantation, organ retention and post-mortem examinations. Ruth Wilkinson, Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne. 12. The healthcare professional and the human rights act. Ingrid Granne, Lorraine Corfield. Index


Hydroxlamine effect on the determination of dissolved oxygen by the azide-modified Winkder method and polarography has been studied. It was found that hydroxylamine interference on the dissolved oxygen by the azide-modified Winklet method can be eliminated completely by using permanganate. An inexpensive and convenient polarograph device was constructed. Dissolved oxygen in an air-saturated 0.1 F KCl solution undergoes, independent of hydroxylamine concentrations a two-step irreversible reduction at the dropping electrode the produced in the first step is reduced to O in the second. Two waves of equal size result, the first with a half-wave potential (E1/2) at about -0.13 V and the second at about -0.91 V (vs. SCE).


. Aerosol–cloud interaction is the most uncertain component of the overall anthropogenic forcing of the climate, in which cloud droplet number concentration ( N d ) sensitivity to aerosol ( S ) is a key term for the overall estimation. However, satellite-based estimates of S are especially challenging, mainly due to the difficulty in disentangling aerosol effects on N d from possible confounders. By combining multiple satellite observations and reanalysis, this study investigates the impacts of (a) updraft, (b) precipitation, (c) retrieval errors, and (d) vertical co-location between aerosol and cloud on the assessment of S in the context of marine warm (liquid) clouds. Our analysis suggests that S increases remarkably with both cloud-base height and cloud geo-metric thickness (proxies for vertical velocity at cloud base), consistent with stronger aerosol–cloud interactions at larger updraft velocity for midlatitude and low-latitude clouds. In turn, introducing the confounding effect of aerosol–precipitation interaction can artificially amplify S by an estimated 21 %, highlighting the necessity of removing precipitating clouds from analyses of S . It is noted that the retrieval biases in aerosol and cloud appear to underestimate S , in which cloud fraction acts as a key modulator, making it practically difficult to balance the accuracies of aerosol–cloud retrievals at aggregate scales (e.g., 1 ◦ × 1 ◦ grid). Moreover, we show that using column-integrated sulfate mass concentration (SO 4 C) to approximate sulfate concentration at cloud base (SO 4 B) can result in a degradation of correlation with N d , along with a nearly twofold enhancement of S , mostly attributed to the inability of SO 4 C to capture the full spatiotemporal variability of SO 4 B. These findings point to several potential ways forward to practically account for the major influential factors by means of satellite observations and reanalysis, aiming at optimal observational estimates of global radiative forcings due to the Twomey effect and also cloud adjustments.


The existing problems of eco-environment in Chongqing city, such as soil erosion, pasture degradation, forest shrinkage, water pollution, natural disaster, environment quality problem in rural area, environmental quality in submerged area, and so on, are analyzed on the basis of the eco-environmental status of Chongqing city in recent years. From the aspects of economy guarantee system, policy guarantee system and technique guarantee system, the basic countermeasures to strengthen management, enforce the laws,implement key projects, coordinate population, resource and environment, develop regional economy, etc. are proposed to protect and build the eco-environment of Chongqing city.


This essay expounds the significance of strengthening the team construction of student applicants for Party membership in colleges and universities,analyzes existing major problems,and probes into the issue in the aspects of Party membership enlightenment education,educational training,contact cultivation,practical training and evaluation.


Stereotypes about gender and emotional expression tend to be imprecise and misleading. They fail to acknowledge situational, individual, and cultural variations in males' and females' emotional expressiveness. They also tend to generalize across emotional intensity and frequency, as well as across different modalities of emotional expression, e.g. verbal vs. behavioral modalities. Moreover, they tend to exaggerate the extent of gender differences in emotional expression. I argue that when gender differences in emotional expression do occur, they can be traced to social processes such as dissimilar gender roles, status and power imbalances, and differing socialization histories of males and females. These processes may predispose some males and females to express emotions differently in some cultures and in some contexts. To support this argument, I present data from two studies, one showing that the amount of time fathers spend with their children relates to the gender stereotypic nature of their children's emotional expressiveness; and the other showing that gender differences in emotional expressiveness are culturally specific in a sample of Asian international, Asian-American, and European-American college students. Finally, I note the potentially destructive limitations imposed by stereotypes on males' and females' interpersonal functioning as well as on their mental and physical health.


This paper explored value chain analysis of cassava production in Zaria Local Government of Kaduna State studying all the chain actors (Producers, Processors and Marketers). Primary source of data collection was adopted through administration of questionnaires and One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that most chain use crude implements and machines at their respective level and also use poor means of transportation and financial constraints. The study concluded that Cassava is one of the important and prominent staple crops cultivated by Kaduna State farmers; the farmers' involvement in cassava farming is not just to provide food for themselves but also with the aim of selling. The result of this study from both the descriptive statistics and ANOVA F-test fully suggested that the value chain analysis of cassava production is indeed significant at a larger scale even Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State. It is thus, concluded that Kaduna people should not hesitate to involve in stepping up the production of cassava since its value chain is very significant in the State Zaria Government Area. And recommended that government should provide improved varieties of cassava should be made available for these people carrying out the production, if not free, should be at the lowest possible cost, provide adequate infrastructure and support them financially.


Background: The prognosis for patients with ovarian tumours is greatly improved by prompt and accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this research was to determine the reliability of ultrasound for distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian tumours using colour doppler and histological analysis. Materials and Methods: Radiologists at MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital in Kishanganj, Bihar, gathered data in a prospective study. Over the course of a year, a total of 102 patients with adnexal masses were reviewed; however, only 50 patients with ovarian masses who met the inclusion criteria underwent sonographic evaluation. Colour Doppler with defined parameters and indices replaced grayscale transvaginal and transabdominal sonography. The final diagnosis was based on histological analysis, and it was compared to the results differentiated on sonographic and colour Doppler tests. Grayscale ultrasonography was found to have a sensitivity of 52.92 percent, a specificity of 78.58 percent, a positive predictive value of 66.59%, and a negative predictive value of 67.85 percent for identifying cancer in ovarian masses in this investigation. The current study successfully distinguished malignant from benign tumours using a combination of grayscale and colour flow finding, with a sensitivity of 80.74%, specificity of 94.56%, PPV of 90.84%, and NPV of 84.3%. The results of the current study show that the preoperative identification of benign and malignant ovarian masses using colour and spectral analysis significantly increases sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. When compared to grayscale (B mode) USG, the combination of Doppler and USG proved to be more effective.


Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADC) require channel matching in terms of offset, gain, and sampling clock skew to achieve best data conversion performance. Conventionally, correction of skew mismatch is realized with analog delay lines, making it challenging for high-speed ADC designs to achieve fine delay resolution over wide tuning range while maintaining low clock jitter. Digital skew correction allows greater flexibility than analog solutions, but is hindered by a significant hardware footprint. This paper demonstrates digital filter-based timing skew correction approach suitable for on-chip implementation. In a 10-bit 8-channel TI-ADC the proposed structure corrects mismatch magnitudes up to 0.12 sample period across 0.9 Nyquist band while requiring only 65% hardware of similar architectures of equivalent performance. The presented digital circuit uses reduced combinational paths and operates at a clock rate of single ADC channel, making it applicable for digitally-assisted high-speed TI-ADCs.


Purpose: the systematization of modern strategies for regulating the motor activity of preschool and school-age children. The criteria for assessing motor activity taking into account the individual characteristics of children and sociocultural conditions are considered. The adaptive strategy of regulation of the motor activity of a growing person in modern educational space is substantiated. Material: 10 theses and more than 80 papers published in specialized journals of Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus were analyzed. In the article is used quantitative approach, which has research and descriptive character. This approach includes methods for examining documents. The identification of studies over the past 50 years has been carried out. The analysis of normative program-methodological materials, educational standards, exemplary educational programs and the results of their own research was carried out. These studies substantiated various approaches to regulating and forming positive dynamics of motor activity in preschool and school-age children. Results: Three strategies for regulating motor activity were identified: biological, value-social and biosocial (adaptive). Their compliance with the level of scientific and methodological knowledge and domestic experience is established. The limiting factors have been established and ways of transforming the system of physical education at different levels of education have been concretized. The modern adaptive strategy of regulation of the motor activity of preschool children and younger schoolchildren is substantiated. The expediency of its introduction into the educational process is shown. This creates a favorable environment for the physical development of children. Conclusion: The adaptive system for regulating motor activity should take into account: the interests and opportunities of children at all levels of the educational system; regional sports traditions; sociocultural and climatic conditions. It is extremely important to recreate the playing space of childhood. This contributes to the formation of an active position in relation to the physical culture of the individual.


In recent years, microstrip antennas have met commercial requirements. The advent of wireless applications requires a compact antenna, easy to manufacture. The goal of the project is to develop a microstrip monopole antenna for RFID tag applications that reduce size. The purpose of this antenna is to operate at 2.4 GHz. Due to its low-profile, a microstrip monopole antenna was chosen as a design model for the project.CST Microwave studio 2015 has been used to simulate the design of antennas for preliminary design purposes. This can be recognized as being unique to the advantages of the antenna. . The proposed antenna was etched on an FR4 substrate with an overall size of 40 mm × 17 mm × 1.6 mm. The successful implementation of the modified ground plane allows the miniaturization and provides excellent performance. The performance of an antenna shows agreement between both simulation and measurement results.


A simple, inexpensive and miniaturized solid phase microextraction method using a syringe mountable filter as a substitute for batch and column techniques was developed for rapid extraction and determination of copper ions (Cu2+). Activated carbon cloth (ACC), modified with the ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4MIM][PF6], was used as sorbent. The modified ACC was packed on mountable membrane filter in a plastic syringe system. The surface modification, elemental composition and characterization of ACC were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The sample solution treated with a complexing reagent, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, was drawn into the syringe filled with IL-ACC and dispensed manually. Then the Cu2+ complex sorbed on the IL-ACC was quantitatively eluted by drawing and dispensing of different concentrations of acids. The influence of different variables on the extraction efficiency, including the concentration of ligand, pH, sample volume, eluent type, concentration and volume, and interfering ions was investigated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In order to validate the developed method, a certified reference material (CRM) of human serum (Sero-M10181®) was analyzed, which indicated a non-significant difference in the experimental and certified values. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of Cu2+ in serum samples of hepatitis B patients and healthy controls.


The Iris network for helioseismology has operated since 1989. We present tables of solar p-mode frequencies for observations taken during the four summer seasons from 1989 to 1992. This analysis uses the technique of maximum likeli- hood tting and a 2 model for the probability density function of the spectrum. The simultaneous tting of odd and even pairs of peaks strengthens the identication of the ' = 3 eigenmodes and improves the error bars on the 0 2 group. The frequen- cies are in good agreement with other observational results and with theoretical values for the D0 and the parameters of the asymptotic approximation. A decrease of 0:25 0:12 Hz is seen between the 1989 and the 1992 data sets. The change is associated with the decrease of solar activity and is comparable with results of previous studies.


Ridges are observed on epitaxial graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Atomic resolution imaging reveals that they are in fact bulged regions of the graphene layer, occurring as a result of bending and buckling to relieve the compressive strain. Furthermore, their length, direction, and distribution can be manipulated, and new ones can even be created by the tip–surface interactions during STM imaging. The lower limit of terrace size for ridge formation is estimated to be ∼80 nm, and nearly ridge-free graphene film can be obtained on vicinal 3.5° miscut substrates.


Bacteriophage F V10 is a temperate phage, which specifically infects Escherichia coli O157:H7. The nucleotide sequence of the F V10 genome is 39104bp long and contains 55 predicted genes. F V10 is closely related to two previously sequenced phages, the Salmonella enterica serovar Anatum (Group E1) phage e 15 and a prophage from E. coli APEC O1. The attachment site of F V10, like those of its two closest relatives, overlaps the 3 0 end of guaA in the host chromosome. F V10 encodes an O -acetyltransferase, which modifies the O157 antigen. This modification is sufficient to block F V10 superinfection, indicating that the O157 antigen is most likely the F V10 receptor.


Summary We examined thegeneral practice treatment of67 patients diagnosed asasthmatic. Compliance with treatment waspoorinone-third ofpatients with severeasthma. Inhaled steroids wereunder-prescribed andourfindings suggest thatsomesevere asthmatics arereceiving less thanadequate therapy.


Reconstruction of an undersampled signal is at the root of compressive sensing: when is an algorithm capable of reconstructing the signal? what quality is achievable? and how much time does reconstruction require? We have considered the worst-case performance of the smoothed ℓ0 norm reconstruction algorithm in a noiseless setup. Through an empirical tuning of its parameters, we have improved the phase transition (capabilities) of the algorithm for fixed quality and required time. In this paper, we present simulation results that show a phase transition surpassing that of the theoretical ℓ1 approach: the proposed modified algorithm obtains 1-norm phase transition with greatly reduced required computation time.


A total of 18 cross-border CO 2 transport and storage infrastructure projects applied for the status as a "Project of Common Interest" (PCI) or "Project of Mutual Interest" (PMI, in cases of projects involving non-EU countries), covering 17 EU Member States and 4 non-EU countries. These projects collectively show tremendous potential for making a European CO 2 transport and storage network a reality, enabling large-scale European industrial decarbonisation. Putting into place the necessary infrastructure to transport and permanently store industrial CO 2 emissions is an important step in ensuring European industrial competitiveness in light of asymmetric international climate ambition, and in particular following the recent U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. However, more efforts are still needed to fully decarbonise European industries in line with the EU's 2050 net-zero target. Overall, 17 of the 18 PCI/PMI candidate projects contribute towards significant emission reductions in European industries, in Bellona Europa's view. Awarding the projects highlighted in green with PCI/PMI status would help embed CCS in European decarbonisation discussions as well as help industries gain considerable technological know-how related to CCS. These projects have the potential to lower the cost of the technology paving the way towards economies of scale necessary for the large-scale deployment of the technology currently hindered by persistent market failures. We


An X-ray diffraction analysis in situ has been performed on ytterbium metal thin films condensed on amorphous substrates. An energy-scanning X-ray diffraction technique is used. The principle and the particular conditions for utilization of apparatus are described. Under the conditions, one observes in the temperature range 77 to 340 K the coexistence of the h.c.p. (2H) and f.c.c. (3C) phases. The observation of 10.0 and 10.1 h.c.p. and 200 f.c.c. lines is discussed in terms of stacking faults and coherent domains. The deposits were made at different temperatures and annealed and quenched. Electron microscopy and diffraction observations were made on single crystals. The 2H et 3C phases can be seen coherently intergrown as microdomains.


(Brazilian Annals of Dermatology andSyphilography), J. Ramos e Silva, in an article entitled"Chemotherapy of leprosy; its current status", wrote:"Many have been the valuable findings over the pastyears that have brought great advances to chemother-apy of leprosy; it seems, however, that the cycle ofminute questions which will undoubtedly lead tooptimal amelioration of the means currently knownor bring about strictly specific novel means is not yetclosed".


For the composite glass box girder, the generalized Bayesian objective function of elastic constants of the structure was derived based on layered shell element theory. Mechanical performances of the composite glass box girder were solved by layered shell element method. Combined with quadratic parabolic interpolation search scheme of optimized step length, the adaptive Powell's optimization theory was taken to complete the stochastic identification of elastic constants of composite glass box girder. Then the adaptive Powell's identification steps of elastic constants of the structure were presented in detail and the adaptive Powell's identification procedure was accomplished. From some classic examples, it is finally achieved that the adaptive Powell's identification of elastic constants of composite glass box girder has perfect convergence and numerical stability, which testifies that the adaptive Powell's identification theory of elastic constants of composite glass box girder is correct and reliable. The stochastic characteristics of systematic responses and elastic constants are well deliberated in generalized Bayesian objective function. And in iterative processes, the adaptive Powell's identification is irrelevant with the complicated partial differentiation of the systematic responses from the layered shell element model to the elastic constants, which proves high computation efficiency.


EXAMPLE1. Top in at random shuffle. Consider the following method of mixing a deck of cards: the top card is removed and inserted into the deck at a random position. This procedure is repeated a number of times. The following argument should convince the reader that about n log n shuffles suffice to mix up n cards. The argument depends on following the bottom card of the deck. This card stays at the bottom until the first time (TI) a card is inserted below it. Standard calculations, reviewed below, imply this takes about n shuffles. As the shuffles continue, eventually a second card is inserted below the original bottom card (this takes about n/2 further shuffles). Consider the instant (T,) that a second card is inserted below the original bottom card. The two cards under the original bottom card are equally likely to be in relative order low-high or high-low. Similarly, the first time a h r d card is inserted below the original bottom card, each of the 6 possible orders of the 3 bottom cards is equally likely. Now consider the first time T,-, that the original bottom card comes up to the top. By an inductive argument, all (n l ) ! arrangements of the lower cards are equally likely. When the original bottom card is inserted at random, at time T = q,-, + 1, then all n! possible arrangements of the deck are equally likely.


"Ultrasene" typically contained 57 wt % branched paraffins and cycloparaffins, 40 wt% n-paraffins, 3 wt% aromatics, and less than 0.1 wt% olefins. The n-paraffinic fraction from "Ultrasene" was stable to chemical and radiolytic degradation, whereas the combined branched paraffinic and cycloparaffinic fraction, and the aromatic fraction, were significantly less stable. (auth)


This study uses unobtrusive measures of the narcissism of chief executive officers (CEOs)—the prominence of the CEO's photograph in annual reports, the CEO's prominence in press releases, the CEO's use of first-person singular pronouns in interviews, and compensation relative to the second-highest-paid firm executive—to examine the effect of CEO narcissism on a firm's strategy and performance. Results of an empirical study of 111 CEOs in the computer hardware and software industries in 1992–2004 show that narcissism in CEOs is positively related to strategic dynamism and grandiosity, as well as the number and size of acquisitions, and it engenders extreme and fluctuating organizational performance. The results suggest that narcissistic CEOs favor bold actions that attract attention, resulting in big wins or big losses, but that, in these industries, their firms' performance is generally no better or worse than firms with non-narcissistic CEOs.


The thesis of this research project is that the music of Frank Bridge (1879-1941) is characterised by recurring effects that are disproportionately appealing to familiar listeners, and that these effects have had a significant impact on the shape of his critical reception. Two types of effect are described, which arise respectively out of genre and hierarchical structure, and are suggested by selected reviews of Bridge's music.
The composer's treatment of genre is presented as subtle, complex, and misleading, creating what this thesis defines as generic misdirection, suggestions of genre within a musical work that act to veil a more fundamental and counter-generic aesthetic. These features are linked to the historical generic sensitivities of interwar British listeners, and potential effects on the listening experience are described. Similarly, the musical structures of Bridge's later works are shown to be deceptively simple, partially veiled behind an appearance of complexity that arises out of surface features of lesser importance. This effect is argued to possess an ongoing significance for listeners, a likely influence on the experiences of present-day hearers of Bridge's music.
These effects are presented as an important part of understanding Bridge's history and music, relevant to its dissemination and scholarly understanding. They also provide valuable new insights into the role of genre and structure in music listening, reception, and composition, and for the developing relationship between criticism and new music.


............................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 6 Hypothetical framework.......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 7 Expected results ...................................................................................................................... 8 PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER I .............................................................................................................................. 10 1. History of the formation and development of the Kosovo Police Service ........................ 10 1.1. Number of graduates .................................................................................................. 10 1.2. Gender representation in the Kosovo Police .............................................................. 11 1.3. National affiliation of graduates ................................................................................. 11 1.4. Categorization by age ................................................................................................. 12 1.5. Field training program for members of the KP .......................................................... 12 CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................. 14 2. The organization of Kosovo's Police ................................................................................ 14 2.1. General Police Directorate ......................................................................................... 14 2.2. Regional Police Directorates ...................................................................................... 15 2.3. Local Police Stations .................................................................................................. 15 2.4. Actions of the Police of the Republic of Kosovo ....................................................... 16 2.4.1. Duties and powers of the Police .......................................................................... 18 2.4.2. General duties of the Police ................................................................................. 18 2.4.3. Police powers ....................................................................................................... 19 2.4.4. Appropriateness and proportionality ................................................................... 19 2.4.5. Police Officer's duty to enforce lawful orders and to refuse illegal orders ......... 20 2.4.6. Identification of persons and items ...................................................................... 20 2.5. Preconditions necessary for successful leadership in the police ................................ 21 2.6. Planning and preparation for leadership in police ...................................................... 25 2.7. Political neutrality of police ....................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................................... 33 3. The main forms of administrative control in the police organization ............................... 33 3.1. The nature and importance of control ........................................................................ 35 3.2. Control of the work of police organization ................................................................ 35 3.3. Types and forms of administrative control of the police activity ............................... 39 3.3.1. Operational control .............................................................................................. 39 3.3.2. Tactical control .................................................................................................... 40 3.3.3. Strategic control ................................................................................................... 40 3.4. Alternatives for the implementation of the strategic plan .......................................... 40 3.5. Control division according to time ............................................................................. 43 3.5.1. Prior control ......................................................................................................... 43 3.5.2. Interim Control .................................................................................................... 43 3.5.3. Final control ......................................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER IV ........................................................................................................................... 44 4. Internal administrative control .......................................................................................... 44 4.1. Internal Control .......................................................................................................... 45 4.2. Control authority within the police organization ....................................................... 45 4.3. The control from the superiors through levels ........................................................... 46 4.4. Directorate of Professional Standards (disciplinary procedures for police staff) ............... 46 4.4.1. Initiation of disciplinary proceedings .................................................................. 48 4.4.2. Internal Disciplinary Commission ....................................................................... 49 4.4.3Authorities for treatment, examination, pronouncing and recommendation of disciplinary measures are: ............................................................................................. 50 4.4.4. Commission of complaints and bonuses ............................................................. 50 4.4.5. Office of the Internal Auditor .............................................................................. 50 4.4.6. Measures for serious disciplinary offenses for employees of KP ....................... 51 4.4.7. Control by the prosecution .................................................................................. 52 4.4.8. Trade union control ............................................................................................. 53 CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................................ 55 5. Administrative external control......................................................................................... 55 5.1. Parliament control ...................................................................................................... 56 5.2. The Parliamentary Committee on Internal Affairs ..................................................... 58 5.3. Control of the judiciary .............................................................................................. 60 5.4. Control of the executive power .................................................................................. 61 5.5. Police Inspectorate of Kosovo (PIK).......................................................................... 63 5.6. Control by the Ombudsman ...................................................................................... 69 5.7. Control from the community (public opinion) ........................................................... 70 5.8. Control from the media .............................................................................................. 73 CHAPTER VI ........................................................................................................................... 78 6. Principles and techniques of control ................................................................................. 78 6.1. Control must be conducted on the basis of laws, functional duties and responsibilities defined in bylaws............................................................................................................... 78 6.2. Control must be conducted on the basis of the objectives and panned tasks ............. 78 6.3. Control must be conducted at the right time .............................................................. 79 6.4. Control must be objective........................................................................................... 79 6.5. Control must be correct .............................................................................................. 79 6.6. Control techniques ...................................................................................................... 80 6.6.1. Individual control of the police employer ........................................................... 80 6.6.2.Institutional control............................................................................................... 81 6.6.3. Control for the use of power ................................................................................ 82 6.6.4. Financial control .................................................................................................. 82 Resume ...................................................................................................................................... 84 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 87 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 88 Literature .


Theprevalence ofdentalanxiety andthe association between dental anxiety andpersonality traits wereexamined inapopulation-based sampleof895US urbanchildren, from5to11years ofage,fromlow-income families. Dental anxiety wasreported bythechild using the DentalSubscale (DS)oftheChildren's FearSurvey Schedule, andbehavioral problems andpersonality traits wereevaluated byparent report ontheChildBehavior Checklist (CBCL). MeanDSscores were31.1(SD=10.3) for boysand34.3(SD=11.0) forgirls. CBCLscore meanswere 33.3(SD=23.2) forboysand28.5(SD=19.1) forgirls. The hypothesized relationship between DSandCBCLscores in this population wasnotdemonstrated.


When ,we use the theory of cone and maximum to give the sufficient condition of the existence and uniqueness of positive solution of second order differential equation with boundary problem.