In a recent retrospective study from Mayo Clinic, researchers demonstrated that intravenous contrast material was not associated with acute kidney


A plasma photocatalyst anion air deodorizing, sterilizing means, comprising an air delivery conduit, a main processor photocatalyst and activated carbon air filter, the air delivery conduit gas inlet, an air delivery conduit equipped with negative ion means a gas delivery conduit through the air input into the photocatalytic main processor, the main processor equipped with a photocatalytic air passage, the air passage is mounted at least one ultraviolet light pipe, ultraviolet light pipe is attached to the rear end is fixed Photocatalytic touch panel, the trailing end of the air passage activated charcoal filter in communication with the air, through an air activated carbon filter gas output. The present invention can process food waste each section and the air overflowing odors whole workshop for collection and disposal of the collected air continuously efficient killing harmful microorganisms, kill bacteria, viruses, degradation in air At this time, the discharged gas odor odorless, sterile, non-particulate solid, non toxic and hazardous materials and fresh and clean.


Objective. To designate the nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial pathogens among children and adults diagnosed with recurrent respiratory diseases residing in the Khabarovsk city during a four-year period.Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal and oral swabs obtained from 7,043 children and adults were tested using classical bacteriological methods. In order to grow "difficult-to-culture" microorganisms a columbian agar with addition of 5% defibrinated sheep blood, incubation in the atmosphere rich with CO2 (5%), bacteriological analyzer Vitek 2 Compact were used. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the identification of S. pyogenes.Results. A high level of nasopharyngeal pathogens carriage (47%) was detected. The most prevalent microorganisms were as follows: S. pneumoniae (47%), M. catarrhalis (30.4%), H. influenzaе (17.5%), S. pyogenes (5.2%). The age groups at risk were children aged 0–6 years for S. pneumoniae and children aged 7–12 years for S. pyogenes. An emerging trend it the level of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae observed in 2018 was followed by the increase of registered incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.Conclusion. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae imposes a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia and other pneumococci-associated diseases, predominantly in children.


This article responds to the call to alter current economic and social systems in light of COVID-19 by documenting initial efforts by a community-university partnership to build an inclusive economy. First, the effects of neoliberalism and oil extraction are examined to highlight the inequality that existed in Alberta long before the pandemic began. The paper then outlines four key areas of change: employment and training; social procurement and community benefits agreements; living wages; and basic income. It concludes with some initial learnings that may have resonance for others attempting to stimulate economic practices that distribute wealth more equitably.


In order to educe the fatigue crack propagation law under flight-by-flight spectrum,several experiments on CCT specimen made from aluminum alloy 7B04-T6 were tested under constant amplitude spectrum of two kinds of stress ratio and three kinds of flight-by-flight spectrum.The study educes parameters in Paris equation of stable crack growth range under constant amplitude spectrum.According to Paris equation the study educes fitting parameters of stable crack growth range under flight-by-flight spectrum in which the unit is block.The results indicate that the constant n in Paris equation under flight-by-flight spectrum is related to spectral intensity obviously which can reflects the spectral intensity of flight-by-flight spectrum.


Review(s) of: Gone Tomorrow: Australia in the 80s, by Humphrey McQueen, (Angus and Robertson, Melbourne, 1982), pp. 256, rrp. $8.95. Review(s) of: Australian Capitalism in Boom and Depression: Options for the 1980s, by Robert Catley and Bruce McFarlane, (Alternative Publishing Cooperative, Chippendale, 1981), pp. 249, rrp. $9.95. Includes endnotes.


The article is devoted to topical issues of formation of sustainable development in Ukraine. In this regard, the essence of sustainable development is revealed in the context of the place and role of the social sphere as its the leading factor. The structure and main components of sustainable development are revealed. The role in the process of sustainable development of the social sphere is noted, in particular, its components such as education, health care, culture, organized recreation. The analysis of relevant socio-economic indicators was performed. Particular attention is paid to identifying the problems of development of these components of the social sphere in the context of globalization and European integration. We prove that in these conditions serious changes occur with the main productive force, in particular, the growth of the educational and cultural level of workers of modern production. We emphasize the growth of the specific weight of mental activity.          The strategy of managing sustainable development processes is disclosed taking into account the factors influencing these processes. The attention is focused on the fact that the development of the social sphere contributes to the acceleration of the development of productive forces, the convergence of material and cultural conditions of life, predetermines significant changes in the system of social relations, which allows for sustainable development.          Considerable attention is paid to the formation of mechanisms to ensure the growth of the educational and intellectual potential of the country and the promotion of human health - the main productive force of society, as well as mechanisms that ensure the efficient use of resources, which contributes to the sustainable development of both the economy in general and the social sphere in particular.          Thus, it is important not only to ensure the growth of the social sphere, but also its effective use.


Motivated by the need to understand and simulate the ubiquitous experimentally-observed zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid structures, we theoretically investigate the tunnel conductance spectra in one-dimensional nanowires in proximity to superconductors in a systematic manner taking into account several different physical mechanisms producing zero-bias conductance peaks. The mechanisms we consider are the presence of quantum dots, inhomogeneous potential, random disorder in the chemical potential, random fluctuations in the superconducting gap and in the effective $ g $-factor with the self-energy renormalization induced by the parent superconductor in both short and long nanowires. We classify all foregoing theoretical results for zero-bias conductance peaks into three types: the good, the bad, and the ugly, according to the physical mechanisms producing the zero-bias peaks and their topological properties. Compared qualitatively with the extensive existing experimental results in the superconductor-semiconductor nanowire structures, we conclude that most current experiments are most likely exploring zero-bias peaks in the "ugly" situation dominated by disorder. We also study the nonlocal end-to-end correlation measurement in both the short ($ L\sim 1~\mu$m) and long ($ L\sim3~\mu $m) wires, and point out the limitation of the nonlocal correlation in ascertaining topological properties particularly when applied to short wires.


The invention relates to the use of an organopolysiloxane composition, shown before use in bi-component form (RTV-2), from room temperature vulcanizable self-adherent elastomer on the most varied substrates even after a heat treatment.


Abstract This article explores the way that discourses of smartness and whiteness are produced and reproduced in schooling. Using an approach grounded in narrative research, I explore the convergences and contradictions between my own educational autobiography and the representations of schooling found in my school pictures and yearbooks. In my analysis, I argue that white supremacy played an important role in the construction of my own story of smartness throughout my primary and secondary schooling experiences. I also argue that yearbooks form powerful "artifacts of smartness" (Hatt, 2011, p. 448) that can be used to interpret and interrogate personal experiences as well as larger societal discourses of smartness and whiteness in schooling.


This paper presents a technique based on the full-wave, two-dimensional spectral domain method and the distributed transmission line approach to analyze structures with a combination of conductor width and dielectric height variations. The technique is applied to a regular taper and the results are compared with existing models. A matched taper transition is then designed based on simultaneous variation of the conductor width and dielectric height such that their ratio is kept constant. The analysis of such tapers is carried out and compared to measured data. It is shown that significant reduction in the return loss can be achieved with such transitions over fairly wide, tunable frequency ranges. >


ABSTRACT Determining composition and structure of ant communities may help understand how niche opportunities become available for invasive ant species and ultimately how communities are invaded. This study examined composition and structure of an ant community from a tropical rain forest in Fiji, specifically looking at spatial partitioning and presence of invasive ant species. A total of 27 species was collected, including five invasive species. Spatial partitioning between arboreal (foliage beating) and litter (quadrat) samples was evident with a relatively low species overlap and a different composition of ant genera. Composition and abundance of ants was also significantly different between litter and arboreal microhabitats at baits, but not at different bait types (oil, sugar, tuna). In terms of invasive ant species, there was no difference in number of invasive species between canopy and litter. However, the most common species, Paratrechina vaga, was significantly less abundant and less frequently collected in the canopy. In arboreal samples, invasive species were significantly smaller than endemic species, which may have provided an opportunity for invasive species to become established. However, taxonomic disharmony (missing elements in the fauna) could also play an important role in success of invasive ant species across the Pacific region. Invasive ants represent a serious threat to biodiversity in Fiji and on many other Pacific islands. A greater understanding of habitat susceptibility and mechanisms for invasion may help mitigate their impacts.


It is very important to discriminate the disorder with organic change and the temporal dysfunction in the peripheral vestibular system, in diagnosing and treating patients with otogenic vertigo.For the observation of clinical features in each type of the organic and the functional disorder, 155 vertiginous patients with some abnormal findings in the so-called routine vestibular tests were classified into the disease-groups, and were evaluated statistically in terms of significant difference of the abnormality ratio in every routine test among the disease-groups.In organic peripheral disorders such as Meniere's disease, the abnormality ratio appeared with significantly higher frequencies in statokinetic test (as abnormal tilting and deviating), caloric test (canal paresis—CP) and hearing test (loss of labyrinthine type) than in functional vestibular disorders such as orthostatic dysregulation. Namely the discriminating point to the organic and the functional disorder was in these three test findings. And it appears that the most of patients with cervical vertigo can be ascribed to the temporal dysfunction type, whereas the caloric CP was rarely found in the patients.The observations take issue with the conception as the "otogenic vertigo" is treating as the organic disorder, and a lot of this kind of vertigo in which cervical nystagmus and/or a positive Schellong's test result are present stems definitely from temporal functional disorder in the peripheral vestibular system, so that the therapy should be directed not to peripheral vestibular system but to some primary factors influencing the system.


By using fixed-point theorem in cone, the existence of positive solutions of a nonlinear m-point boundary value problem is extablished, where f satisfies suplinear or sublinear condition.


In the present situation, law's Öffentlichkeit, or its principal "openness to the public," needs to be distinguished from its being the object of publicity as dominated by modern media. Law's public openness has historically been dependent on, and determined by, two theatrical modes of appearance: The theatrical-proper and the dramatic. Paradoxically, in both cases the jurisdictional "openness to the public" works not only through forms of visibility but also forms of invisibility. These two theatrical modes—and their dynamic play with visibility and invisibility—have been portrayed in works of art that have influenced the way general audiences imagine the law to work. These works also correlate with the different histories and public appearances and openness of the European and the Anglo-American systems of law. Historically speaking, the European system has been more theatrically inclined, in the context of a distinctly imperial trajectory that has been dominated by the desire to stage the law and to follow correct procedure. The Anglo-American one, by contrast, is more dramatically inclined, and has followed a distinctly anti-imperial trajectory—whether anti-royal or anti-state—influenced by the desire to stage trials in which peers determine the dramatic outcome. Although both systems are basically open to the public, they both work via a dynamic of protective invisibility. Yet due to current developments, the elements of invisibility in both systems tend to predominate over the elements of visibility. This suggests that both systems are moving toward a form of legal closure that is averse to the original theatrical and dramatic appearance and openness of law.


The genus Vaejovis C. L. Koch in the Mexican state of Sonora is reviewed, based on the examination of numerous specimens from United States collections. Four species are reported to occur there: Vaejovis spinigerus (Wood), V. confusus Stahnke, V. sonorue Williams, and V. decipiens Hofiann. Distributional information for all four species is updated, and a key is provided to facilitate identification. The subspecies V. spinigerus sonorensis Hofhann is synonymized with V. spinigerus. The record for V. gravicaudus Williams on Isla Tiburon (Williams 1980) is demonstrated to be a misidentification resulting from atypical variation in the closely related V. spinlgem, which is common on the island. A record for V. wawri Gertsch and Soleglad is considered the result of accidental introduction, because additional specimens have not been seen in the well-sampled Alamos area. It is suggested that the genus is probably more diverse than demonstrated here; several species from neighboring Arizona probably occur in Sonora, and new species may eventually be discovered in the poorly sampled interior. Introduction Scorpions of the genus Vaejovis from Sonora are very poorly known. HofFmann (1931) reported only Vaqjovis spinigerus Wood) from that state in his monograph on Mexican scorpions and described a new subspecies, V. spinigerus sonorensis from Bacerac in northeastern Sonora. He indicated that both subspecies occurred in Sonora, but gave no specific locality information for the nominal form. The next mention of the genus Vaejovis in Sonora was made by Williams and Hadley (1967) in describing the scorpiofauna of the Puerto Pefias- co area. They listed V. confusus Stahnke from inland and coastal dune communities at that site. Two other species listed as Vaqjovis, V. baergi Williams and Hadley and V. mesaensis (Stahnke), are now in the genus Parumtonus (Williams 1972).


Abstract The imminent availability of an effectively unlimited number of on-chip transistors is usher-ing in a new era of microarchitectural innovation. Future processor implementation trade-offs will continue to be governed by cycle-time demands, which will now be dominated byinterconnect latency rather than gate delays, as well as maximization of instruction through-put, but with decreasing regard for transistor count or chip area consumed. This paper intro-duces the Superflow microarchitecture paradigm, which employs a broad spectrum ofspeculative microarchitectural techniques designed to increase instruction throughput whilealleviating the detrimental effects of increasing interconnect latencies and deeper instructionexecution pipelines. These techniques are based on the weak dependence model, whichrelaxes the serialization constraints induced by the detection and enforcement of true datadependences by allowing them to be temporarily and speculatively violated to expose addi-tional instruction-level parallelism. Quantitative evaluation of the Superflow paradigm indi-cates potential IPC of 9.0 and 15.2 and realizable IPC of 6.7 and 9.0 for the SPEC95 integerand floating point programs, respectively, without recompilation or changes to the instructionset architecture.KEYWORDS: Microarchitecture, superscalar processors, speculative execution, value prediction


An essential disadvantage in application of the oversampling A/D converters in high-accuracy DC digital voltmeters are local peaks of quantization errors observed for some specific input signal values. Those peaks, connected with appearance of the specific sequences of output signals, called "correlation codes", considerably lowers effective resolution of the converters for particular values of stationary input signals. Methods of reduction of those peaks of errors by means of deterministic, self-subtractive dither signals, used in high-resolution digital voltmeter, build with a standard, commercially available sigma-delta converter are described in the paper.


Proposed ecological civilization is the requirement of China's economic and social development,but also the requirements of the times.Concept of ecological civilization for our country's economic and social development indicates a path of healthy and orderly development.Mastery of this road needs for the existing theoretical foundation to innovate environmental law,and on this basis,we should continue to establish and improve the institutional system,improve the legal system,and strengthen the institutional reform.Environmental law as an important part of the legal system,should make its own contribution to achieve ecological civilization.Changes in environmental law from the guiding philosophy of the change in legal principles,the future direction of development mode and then legislative and legal system,all reflect that the development of our country's environmental law has always been around the theme of ecological civilization.Although our country's environmental laws still have many deficiencies and defects,through continuous revision and improvement,combined with our country's actual situation of the political,economic,cultural and social condition,the appropriate legal system will continue to improve so that we can better protect ecological environment.


Objective  This study aims to determine the effect of using BSF maggot flour as a substitute for fish meal in feed on the value of feed consumption, HDP and egg weight in layer chickens..
Materials and Methods.  The research design used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment 1 (P1) in this study was a control treatment using factory feed. P2 Fish meal 20% with 80% basal feed; P2 Fish meal 15% with 5% BSFL (Maggot) flour and 80% Basal Feed; P3 fish meal 10% with 10% BSFL flour and 80% basal feed, and P4 fish meal 5% with 15% BSFL flour.
Conclusion.  The results of the observations showed that the use of maggot flour as a substitute for fish meal in the manufacture of feed did not significantly differ from feed consumption, HDP and egg weight of laying hens.


Meloidogyne exigua is widely distributed in Central and South America. Attacks cause general weakening of coffee (Coffea arabica) trees associated with a drop in yield. All traditional cultivars are susceptible to M. exigua. The recent identification of the coffee gene Mex-1 conferring resistance to M. exigua led us to investigate the phenotype of resistance with the objective to characterise histologically the coffee response to infection in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. Nematode penetration and development in resistant plants were reduced in comparison with susceptible plants. Resistance conferred by Mex-1 gene was strongly associated with a hypersensitive reaction-like phenotype.


The fabrication of highly reflective inorganic distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) from aqueous solutions of colloidal flakes is demonstrated. Our approach involves the deposition of compact or mesoporous TiO2–SiO2–TiO2 trilayers onto a patterned sacrificial layer. A subsequent etch-release of the patterned flakes into water results in a colloidal flake solution. Drops of this flake-containing solution are then deposited onto another substrate, where they self-assemble into stacks upon solvent evaporation. This method gives rise to high quality DBRs in a much quicker fabrication process compared to previously established methods and produces ordered DBRs of high reflectivity. Changing compact for mesoporous assemblies, the produced DBRs can be used for environmental refractive index sensing. The presented approach may open the way for the on-demand integration of stimuli-responsive DBRs into microfluidic and fiber-end sensing applications or allow the integration of highly reflective colloidal flakes with light emission and detection technologies.


The article makes an approach to the concept of charity in the written joannicos. Charity in san Juan belongs to the divine sphere. God as initiator, origin and fullness of charity. Love God, love God and love in God's name. In-Jn. 13.34 we find essential theology charity joannica summary. Charity for san Juan always requests a response: the redamatio. The inherent between believing and loving relationship.


This engrossing volume explores Down syndrome and disability in the cultural context of school. Some of the issues addressed include literacy and language, friendship, behavior, and the cultural construction of disability. The author ends with a call for the elimination of segregated schooling.


The results of examination of extensive collections of Epilachna Chevrolat (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) from China, housed at the Natural History Museum Basel and the Museum of Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou are presented. New distribution data of 33 species and detailed digital illustrations of external morphology and male genitalia of 20 poorly known species are included. Six new species: Epilachna bocaki, E. crepida, E. echinata, E. hamulifera, E. max, E. sichuana Pang et lipi ski spp. nov. are described. An updated list of 106 species of Epilachna recorded from China is also presented.


In order to improve the eco-efficiency at the end-of-life phase of consumer electronic products, comprehensive assessments should be made. To aim at minimal end-of-life treatment costs against maximal environmental recovery, within the technical limits of current and future recycling infrastructures, all relevant technical, economical and environmental aspects should be addressed. In this article a newly developed eco-efficiency concept is presented which makes it possible to execute ecoefficiency calculations on a range of technical, logistic, economical and policy issues, like the settings for shredding and separation processes, disassembly depth for products, and logistic changes at the collection stage. From this, it is shown that environmental recovery and economic recovery often go hand in hand. The example of cellular phone processing shows for instance that the "eco-efficiency over the product chain" can be improved, within the technical limitations of current recycling infrastructures, by separate collection, adjusted shredding and separation technology and selected design adaptations.


Person identification is possible through the biometrics using their physiological and behavioral characteristics such as face, ear, thumb print, voice, signature and key stock. Unimodal biometric systems face a range of problems, including noisy data, intra-class versions, small liberty, non-university, spoof assaults, and unsustainable error rates. Some of these drawbacks can be overcome by multimodal biometric technologies, which incorporate data from various information sources. In this paper we work on multimodal biometric using three modalities face, ear and foot to find the optimal results using fuzzy fusion mechanism and produces final identification decision via a fuzzy rules that enhance the quality of multimodalities biometric system.


Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Mammography is a widely used tool for breast cancer screening. Breast calcifications appear on mammograms as tiny white spots or grainy dots with a variety of clustering structures which may be time-consuming and difficult to identify by the human eye. Recent advances in multi-scale architectures have demonstrated strong feature representation for both large-scale contextual information and small-scale features. We hypothesized that the new architectures could be employed for classification of mammograms with breast calcifications and possibly for localization of breast calcification regions. In this study, we investigated different multi-scale architectures on 1,617 mammograms that contained only breast calcifications locally curated from our institution. Our best multi-scale attention network with hierarchical block-wise and layer-wise feature representation capability achieved an accuracy of 84.34% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 90.36%. Similar performance was observed across breast density categories. Our network simultaneously processes both craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of the breast providing class activation maps that were able to precisely localize breast calcification regions in a weakly supervised manner, indicating the benefits of strong feature representation through the multi-scale architectures.


In this qualitative study, we have chosen to examine how the Financial Assistance Unit works with preventive measures as to avoid that financial assistance is permitted to become a social heritage that runs in generations. The context of this study is based on interviews with social workers who have experience in the field. The collected materials have been analyzed based on the social learning theory as an attempt to understand how social legacy can be passed between generations. As a complement to the theory, we have also adressed the children's perspective in the analysis since the children are a big part of the study. This study demonstrates and confirms that long-term financial assistance may pass between generations. Further this study also shows how the preventive efforts for these families take place inside the Financial Assistance Unit.


In this paper a new authentication system using Finger Knuckle Surface is examined. This introduces a personal authentication system that can simultaneously extract and exploit Finger back Knuckle surface geometrical features. Unlike, existing work on hand and finger geometrical methods which mainly concentrates of features extraction and recognition, this methods experiments with subsets of extracted feature to achieve better performance by exploiting less number of features. This is achieved by the determination of hybrid convex curves from the finger back knuckle surface. From the identified feature curves, the subset of the features like Knuckle edge points and knuckle tip points were identified. From these identified contours, geometrical structures like tangents and secants were constructed to obtain feature information in terms of angle. This method reduces critical problems that arise due to the extraction of more number of features. Also reduces the computational complexity of the feature extraction and recognition process.


The role of large vortex structures in the evolution of a two-dimensional shear layer is studied numerically. The motion of up to 4096 vortices is followed on a 256 × 256 grid using the cloud-in-cell algorithm. The scaling predictions of self-preservation theory are confirmed for low-order velocity correlations, although the existence of vortex structures produces large fluctuations even in a simulation of this size. The simple picture of the shear layer as a line of vortex blobs, that merge pairwise thus thickening the layer, is not seen. On the contrary, the layer seems to thicken by the scattering of vortex structures of roughly fixed size about the midline. The size of the vortex structures does not scale with the layer thickness. A study of the entrainment of a passive marker shows that flow visualization experiments may have overestimated the size of the vortex structures. It appears that the finite area vortices have time to equilibrate between mergings, and the consequences of applying equilibrium statistical mechanics to their internal structure are explored. A simple model is presented which demonstrates how the size and separation of vortex structures may lock into a fixed ratio. This is precisely the type of mechanism that is needed to produce simple scaling in a flow that has initially several distinct length scales. A number of consistency checks on the numerical results are performed. In particular, the evolution of the same vortex configuration on two grids of different size is compared. This test showed that, although errors on subgrid scales do propagate to small wavenumbers, the dominant wavenumber of vorticity cascades back ahead of the peak in the error spectrum.


The past three decades witnessed the birth and growth of neurodynamic optimization which has emerged and matured as a powerful approach to real-time optimization due to its inherent nature of parallel and distributed information processing and the hardware realizability. Despite the success, almost all existing neurodynamic approaches work well only for convex and generalized-convex optimization problems with unimodal objective functions. Effective neurodynamic approach to constrained global optimization with multimodal objective functions is rarely available. In this talk, starting with the idea and motivation of neurodynamic optimization, I will review the historic review and present the state of the art of neurodynamic optimization with many individual models for convex and generalized convex optimization. In addition, I will present a multiple-time-scale neurodynamic approach to selected constrained optimization. Finally, I will introduce population-based collaborative neurodynamic approaches to constrained distributed and global optimization. By deploying a population of individual neurodynamic models with diversified initial states at a lower level coordinated by using some global search and information exchange rules (such as PSO or DE) at a upper level, it will be shown that distributed, global, and multi-objective optimization problems can be solved effectively and efficiently.


The rational use of the psychological effects can help headteachers promote the class management.This paper discusses the Weaknesses Exposed Effect,No-Trace Effect,Mirror Effect,Cask Effect,Success Strengthening Effect,Home Effect,etc.And it explores,combined with the current situation,the role psychological effects play in the class management,and concludes the great impact of psychological effects on the promotion of the class management.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide causing an estimated 700 000 deaths annually. Different types of treatment are available for patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer, including targeted biological agents, such as cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets EGFR. We have previously reported a study indicating multiple levels of interaction between metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP‐1) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling axis, which could explain how TIMP‐1 levels can affect the antitumor effects of EGFR inhibitors. We also reported an association between TIMP‐1‐mediated cell invasive behavior and KRAS status. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TIMP‐1 in CRC, we examined by transcriptomics, proteomics, and kinase activity profiling a matched pair of isogenic human CRC isogenic DLD‐1 CRC cell clones, bearing either an hemizygous KRAS wild‐type allele or KRAS G13D mutant allele, exposed, or not, to TIMP‐1. Omics analysis of the two cell lines identified the receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Kit, a proto‐oncogene that can modulate cell proliferation and invasion in CRC, as a target for TIMP‐1. We found that exposure of DLD‐1 CRC cells to exogenously added TIMP‐1 promoted phosphorylation of c‐Kit, indicative of a stimulatory effect of TIMP‐1 on the c‐Kit signaling axis. In addition, TIMP‐1 inhibited c‐Kit shedding in CRC cells grown in the presence of exogenous TIMP‐1. Given the regulatory roles that c‐Kit plays in cell proliferation and migration, and the realization that c‐Kit is an important oncogene in CRC, it is likely that some of the biological effects of TIMP‐1 overexpression in CRC may be exerted through its effect on c‐Kit signaling.


The Arctic grayling is truly Alberta's northern beauty, the "peacock" ofthe trout family, so thought ofbecause of the male's iridescent colouration, flamboyant dorsal fm, and spawning-ground displays. "Uniquely attractive, beautiful to look at, sporting to catch, this species has dechned significantly across its range because of its inability to cope well with man's encroachment" (McPhail and Lindsey 1970). Arctic grayling are found in many streams across northern Alberta. Over the past four decades, increased development and improved access have contributed to population declines. Past regulations have not sustained Arctic grayling populations in Alberta. The minimum-size hmit of 30 cm total length in effect firom 1987 to 1998 did not prevent the harvest of immature Arctic grayling. Most Arctic grayhng reach full maturity at four years of age and 33 cm total length. The daily catch limit of five Arctic grayling in effect fi-om 1970 to 1998, coupled with increased fishing pressure, has resulted in overharvest. Catch rates for Arctic grayhng have fallen well below 4-7 fish/hour, to less than 1 fish/hour at many stream, an indicator that Arctic grayling production is being limited by overharvest and habitat quahty. Arctic grayling populations in Alberta are classified in a vulnerable status~a term used to describe the status of a species of special concern in need of conservation measures to reverse long-term declines. Arctic grayling populations in the Northern East Slopes, Northwest Boreal and Northeast Boreal regions have similar patterns of growth, age-class distributions, age and size at maturity, catch rates and vukierable status. Therefore, a single approach to the regulation of sportfishing for Arctic grayling can be applied throughout the species range in Alberta. Alberta's Arctic Grayling Management and Recovery Plan is based on the mission statement, goals, objectives and guiding principles presented in the documentA Fish Conservation Strategy for Alberta (Fisheries Management Division 1997). The overall goal for grayhng management is: "To sustain the abundance and diversity of natural reproducing Arctic grayling populations and provide recreational and economic benefits to Albertans." Habitat maintenance, fish conservation and fish-use allocation are three components of the above goal. They are expressed as follows: Habitat Mainten^pe: • Restore and maintain the natural productive capacity of Arctic grayhng habitat, and where possible and appropriate, increase the amount of productive Arctic grayling habitat. Fish Conservation : • Restore and maintain the abundance, distribution and diversity of Arctic grayling populations through natural reproduction. Fish-Use Allocation : • Allocate the appropriate uses of Arctic grayling resources to achieve a range of optimal benefits that support the fish conservation goal. Sportfishing is by far the largest use of the Arctic grayling resource in Alberta. Therefore, new sportfishing regulations have been implemented in 1998 as part of the plan to recovery and sustain Arctic grayhng populations in Alberta.


The equations of state and axial moduli of the CaBO 3 perovskites (B=Zr,Sn,Ti,Ge) and CaFeO2.5 with the brownmillerite structure have been determined using high-pressure, singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. The bulk modulus-specific volume relationship for the Ca-perovskites is nonlinear, with CaSnO 3 and CaZrO 3 displaying anomalous stiffening (higher bulk moduli) than previously reported and predicted [1,2]. The axial moduli of the a- and c-axes decrease steadily by ∼30% from the least-distorted of the Pbnm perovskites, CaGeO3, to the most distorted, CaZrO 3 , while the b-axis shows little change. The net result is a threefold increase in the anisotropy of the axial moduli of CaSnO 3 and CaZrO 3 (∼21%) relative to CaGeO 3 and CaTiO 3 (∼4-8%). The bulk modulus of CaFeO 2.5 falls significantly below the trend for the stoichiometric perovskites. The introduction of 1/6 vacancies on the oxygen positions softens the perovskite structure by 25%.


Although the introduction of distributed generation (DG) in a distribution system improves the power quality of power system, it increases the fault current level reducing voltage at point of common-coupling (PCC). Hence, there is a need of improving fault ride-through (FRT) capability to avoid sudden tripping of DG units from the utility grid during voltage sag in a faulty condition. This paper provides an overview of distributed generation and its impact on distribution system operation. The novel feature of this paper is to study a new concept called FRT requirements and various methods for enhancing FRT capability.


High-power 660-nm AlGaInP laser diodes with a small aspect ratio for beam divergence were successfully fabricated with a window mirror structure. The real index-guided structure was adopted from an investigation into internal loss dependence on the beam divergence in the perpendicular direction. A device with the aspect ration of 1.65 for the beam divergence of 10/spl deg/ and 16.5/spl deg/ in the parallel and perpendicular directions has demonstrated a kink level of 160 mW and maximum light output power of 180 mW, which was limited by thermal saturation. These laser diodes have operated reliably for more than 1500 h at 60/spl deg/C with a light output power of 90 mW under pulsed condition with a width of 100 ns and frequency of 5 MHz. High-power operation and a small aspect ratio were thus achieved, simultaneously.


The Languages, Myths and Finds project, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, ran in the years 2013-14, coinciding with the British Museum's international exhibition Vikings: Life and Legend. The aim of the project was to encourage conversations between specialist university academics and advanced research students in Old Norse and Viking Studies, and local communities around Britain and Ireland who were interested in knowing more about their Viking heritage. The communities chosen for the project were Cleveland, Dublin, Isle of Lewis, Isle of Man and Munster. Five small teams of academics and students were chosen to work with each community by developing and researching topics most suited to that locality, as identified in dialogue with the community. These booklets are the products of the research done by those teams together with the local partners, especially during field trips to the localities in the spring of 2014. The full set of five booklets can be viewed on the project website, http://languagesmythsfinds.ac.uk, where there is also further information about the project.


This study analyzes the link between the ownership of property deeds (registered) and real estate markets in parts of the city whose origin was either informal or illegal. By doing so, it raises questions about international assumptions and finds paradoxes in the way the popular land market operates. The methodology used is both quantitative and qualitative. The conclusions show that in unconsolidated settlements, ownership of title deeds increases property value. Title deeds do not however, increase the predominance of formal property markets. On the contrary, the tendency to engage in informal transactions regarding rent and buying and selling continues to exist.


Hypertension is a representative chronic disease in Korea. The prevalence is high and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease for coronary artery disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. Prevention and management of hypertension is important to reduce the prevalence and mortalit...


Francis Bacon. By Perez Zagorin (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998) xvi + 286 pp. $29.95, £19.95 Francis Bacon: The History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Edited by Brian Vickers (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 1998) xlv + 284 pp. £40.00 cloth


Of 8 dithiourethanes and 4 dithiocarbamates tested for antimicrobial activity against 22 microorganisms, 6 had expressed fungistatic activity, 3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (I) [30670-17-8] and Na N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate [128-04-1] having the greatest effect. Only I and 3-oxobutyl N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate [30538-01-3] had antibacterial activity, and none inhibited Yoshida sarcoma growth in rats or sarcoma 180 growth in mice. The corresponding dithiocarbamic acids, alpha ,beta -unsatd. ketones, and beta -ketones of the inactive dithiourethanes had increased fungistatic activity, whereas those derivs. of the active compds. were generally less effective. Cysteine-HCl [52-89-1], thioglycolic acid [68-11-1], and particularly bovine serum decreased the fungistatic effectiveness of the active compds. The antimicrobial properties of dithiourethanes depend on a complex interaction of different mechanisms, e.g. release of dithiocarbamic acid and alpha ,beta -unsatd. ketone, and acyl ethylation by dithiourethane.


In order to share formal semantic among aviation information systems, this paper proposes a method for constructing common semantic platform(SP4IAIS), on which the interfaces of aviation information systems and message be transmitted between them can be interpreted under unified ontology. Firstly, by comparing structure of concept definition with normal form deriving from different ontologies, plenty of term pairs satisfying inclusion relation can be extracted from Descartes set of terms set of distributed ontologies. Then according to those terms pair, a concept lattice is built to represent the fused ontology as the shareable semantic platform. Compared with existing methods, SP4IAIS is a platform with full formal semantic, so can facilitate to composition and communication of aviation information systems automatically. Furthermore, the integrated semantic environment builds a foundation for mining relations among these distributed aviation information systems so as to analyses the reasons of flights delay and optimize the airline management.


National Volunteer Week, an annual challenge and opportunity for all of us to engage with our communities, is April 6-12 this year, and recent data suggest that this could be a good opportunity to re-commit ourselves to rising to the many challenges these communities currently face. [excerpt]


The ability to attract and assess the quality of potential mates is critical for reproductive success, but few studies examine coincident multimodal sensory cues used for reproductive signaling within a single species. Here we examined acoustic, visual, and chemical signaling used by male African cichlid fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) during reproduction. Dominant males produced pulsed sounds in tight association with visual courtship displays where their bodies quivered vigorously in close proximity to a female. Sound production always occurred with visual courtship displays, but not all body quivers were associated with sound, which supports the hypothesis of intentional acoustic communication. Peak frequency of courtship sounds decreased with increasing male body size, possibly providing females with an honest signal of quality. Male chemical signaling, visualized as urine pulses, was higher in the presence of gravid compared to non‐gravid females, but did not occur during any specific acoustic or visual...


Integration of external signals and B-lymphoid transcription factor activities orchestrate B cell lineage commitment through alternating cycles of proliferation and differentiation, producing a diverse repertoire of mature B cells. We used single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics to characterize B cell development. Our analysis revealed unique transcriptional signatures that refine the pre-B cell expansion stages into novel pre-BCR-dependent and pre-BCR-independent proliferative phases. These changes correlate with unexpected dynamic and reciprocal changes in expression of the transcription factor EBF1 and the RNA binding protein YBX3, that are defining features of the pre-BCR-dependent stage. Using pseudotime analysis, we further characterize the expression kinetics of different biological modalities across B cell development, including transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their associated receptors. Our findings reveal the underlying heterogeneity of developing B cells and point to key developmental nodes linked to B cell transformation.


Due to the changes of modern consumption patterns, brand has become a very important factor in consumption ehavior. Enterprises are also gradually aware of the importance of establishing their own brands. Whether a brand is successful or not represents the reputation, the culture, and the effect of management of a company. In general, a brand stands for the competitiveness of an enterprise. The research studies the purchase intentions of consumers when brand image, brand awareness, and involvement come into influence. Convenience sampling was used in this research 260 questionnaires were delivered in Taichung and Taipei and among which 235 were valid. Data was analyzed and verified by structural equation model. The following are the results of analysis: (1) Brand awareness has significant effect on brand image. (2) Brand image has significant effect on purchase intentions. (3) Brand awareness has significant effect on purchase intentions. (4) Brand image partially affects consumers'purchase intentions through the mediator of involvement. (5) Brand image partially affects consumers' purchase intentions through the mediator of involvement. (6) Brand image fully affects consumers' purchase intentions through the mediator of brand awareness. (7) Different consumer characteristics have partial differences on brand image, brand awareness, involvement, and purchase intentions. Based on research results, it is suggested that enterprises should build well-know brand awareness first in order to establish good brand image. In addition, providing complete product information according to characteristics of consumers of different ages will stimulate their purchase intentions.


Prediction and clustering are two fundamental and important problems in the analysis of social network. Most existing work are based on unsigned network which regards all the relationships as nonnegative proximity. However, employing these work directly on signed network is not obvious. In recent years, some approaches have been proposed for prediction and clustering of signed network. Based on those work, this paper presented a uniform framework to address both unsigned and signed network and predict relationships through mining in the latent feature space. In this paper, we first review the classical link prediction model, then propose our enhanced model which introduced embeddedness as parameters of objective loss function and the experiments yield higher accuracy. We then further employ the spectral analysis for clustering the signed network after link prediction is done. A serial of experiments which covered both functionality and performance was designed to test out model and the results show that out model improved both accuracy and performance.


This historical study analyzes the transformation of the concept 'adolescence' in post-war Vietnam (1975–2005) and its implications for social work. Government-regulated media documents show that the concept of adolescence has undergone three phases corresponding to the three political-economic shifts in Vietnam over these decades: adolescents as miniature communists (1975–1986); adolescents as growing youths characterized by romantic sentiments, puberty, and identity search (1986–1995); and adolescents as the newly coined 'teen Viet' and vanguards of capitalist consumption (1996–2005). Social work with Vietnamese adolescents and families must consider the impact of these conceptual shifts on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of corresponding adolescent cohorts.


This short essay is an introduction to Emmanuele Morandi streams of research, which aimed at recreating a new connection between social sciences and metaphysics, empirical research and moral reflections. After a brief introduction, the kind of anthropological critical metaphysical realism fostered by Morandi is outlined. The third paragraph addresses some foundational aspect of his social ontology; lastly, the complex distinction between social, political and economic spheres will be presented.


The rapid economic development has enhanced the national strength and improved people's living standards while it also caused confusion in education values. The author tries to look back to different views of human nature in the west and in China, together with the corresponding educational ideas; to expound the most original and fundamental teaching beliefs Chinese people should hold.


This article describes and compares three area frame estimators used for agricultural surveys and shows the importance of sampling and nonsampling errors to both economists and statisticians Comparisons among the estimators are based on their applicability, sampling efficiency, and susceptibility to nonsamphng errors The weighted segment estimator has the widest applicability and highest precision, but it also has important nonsampling errors This article also discusses research conducted to evaluate and reduce the nonsampling errors


The PtNi nanoalloys have been synthesized with 3-4 nm average size by aqueous solution using flower extract (Kigelia Africana) as reducing agent and used as an effective electrocatalytic nanomaterials due to their combined properties associated with both the metals. In this work, a single step method has been performed to assemble PtNi nanoalloys with tunable compositions (Pt/Ni atomic ratio) under microwave irradiation with 300 W and max 280 psi for 8-10 min. The size and compositions with crystanality of as prepared PtNi bimetallic nanostructures have been confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), DLS and AFM techniques. The cyclovoltammeter study has revealed the better catalytic activity for ethanol redox by PtNi as nanocatalysts. Here we have used a simple and environmentally benign approach with scale-up synthesis for energy storage applications in the place of pure platinum due to its high cost and rare availability.


In recent years, increasingly more patients are receiving immunoglobulin infusions. This is due to better recognition of antibody deficiency, as reviewed elegantly in the current issue of IMAJ by Etzioni [1], and to the appreciation that such treatment reduces life-threatening infections and chronic lung damage [2]. Furthermore, the improved survival of patients with immunodeficiency and the immunomodulatory effect of immunoglobulin, which is beneficial in different chronic immune-mediated diseases, have resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients receiving regular immunoglobulin infusions. However, this has led to several problems. Although most patients require infusion only once every 4 weeks, and modification of preparation methods have allowed higher immunoglobulin concentration and faster infusion rates, many patients lose time from school or work with each treatment [3]. The cost to the health system has risen substantially, particularly due to the associated costs of hospital-based care. This prompted the establishment of an optional "self-infusion Ig administration at home" in some countries [4]. Several studies have indicated that after appropriate training many patients are able to continue IVIg treatment at home, without an increased incidence of side effects or adverse reactions [5]. In parallel, subcutaneous administration of Ig has been evaluated [6,7]. Small portable pumps usually infuse SCIg through a fine 25-G butterfly needle into the subcutaneous tissue in the thighs, buttocks or abdomen. If sufficient subcutaneous tissue is available 10 ml are injected at each site, while 5 ml are infused in areas with poor subcutaneous tissue [3]. More than one site may be used simultaneously. The initial trials with SCIg kept a low infusion rate of 1±3 ml/hour [8]. Further studies have indicated that a rapid (10± 40 ml/hr) SCIg infusion at high concentration (16%) is possible [9]. IVIg is used as replacement therapy in patients unable to produce adequate immunoglobulin due to primary or secondary immune deficiency [2,10]. Monthly IVIg infusions have also been shown to improve the clinical status of patients with different autoimmune, rheumatologic and neoplastic diseases, possibly due to the immunomodulatory effect of immunoglobulin [11±15]. SCIg has been given only to patients with primary antibody deficiencies, initially to those who experienced an anaphylactic reaction to IVIg [16] or with a difficult intravenous access route. It has been evaluated in pregnant women [17] and in children with antibody deficiency [3,18]. In the latter population, the low volume of SCIg that is given may overcome the increased risk for thromboembolic events associated with IVIg administration in neonates, related to the hyperviscosity state that is common in these patients [19]. Up to 87% of patients treated with SCIg experience some form of tissue reaction at the infusion sites at least once. Local swelling and soreness at the infusion site are reported by 66% of patients, while redness or itching occurs in less than 50% [20]. Rapid infusions (up to 40 ml/hr) are also safe and are not associated with increased adverse effects [21]. Abrahamsen and colleagues [22] reported that therapy with SCIg for up to 6 years with over 1,100 infusions among patients with immunodeficiencies was feasible and safe with no systemic adverse reactions. A pivotal study among 165 patients who received more than 33,000 SCIg infusions documented only six episodes of moderate systemic reactions, none of which required treatment such as adrenaline, hydrocortisone, etc. [20]. This is considerably less frequent than the rate of moderate or severe reactions associated with IVIg or intramuscular immunoglobulin infusions. Several studies have shown that SCIg is at least as effective as IVIg in achieving adequate plasma levels of IgG and IgG subclasses [3,23], although it may take up to 6 months until the desired IgG levels are reached [24]. Furthermore, SCIg treatment in pregnant women results in normal total IgG and IgG subclass levels in cord blood [17]. Recently, a crossover study showed that there was no difference in the frequency or severity of infections over a one year period among patients with primary antibody deficiency syndrome when treated with SCIg or IVIg [25]. A small study has shown that SCIg given every 2 weeks achieved serum IgG levels similar to those with other replacement regimens (Hammastrom, Stockholm, 2000, personal communication), which may make the administration of SCIg even more appealing to some patients. SCIg infusions are associated with considerably more needle punctures and possibly increased discomfort, as compared with IVIg, particularly in children. Several studies have assessed the satisfaction of patients and families with SCIg. The majority of families reported less inconvenience as compared to IVIg treatment, less discomfort to the child, and reduced school or work time loss [3]. There was also improved health-related function and self-rated Editorials


Aleochara bilineata Gyll. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) adults feed on eggs and larvae of cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), and might be used to control this pest. We undertook tests in a Y‐tube olfactometer to determine if infochemicals are involved in the food foraging behaviour of A. bilineata adults and to precisely determine the potential sources of stimuli. A. bilineata adults oriented toward the stimuli from both the food‐plant of the prey (rutabaga: Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.) and the prey‐plant complex (rutabaga infested by cabbage maggot larvae), but adults significantly preferred the effluvia of infested to uninfested rutabaga in a choice test. The sources of infochemicals in the infested rutabaga were the cabbage maggot larvae themselves and their frass. However, in a choice test adults preferred the effluvia of the larvae to that of the damaged rutabaga from which those larvae were obtained. It is not expected that a generalist predator uses precise herbivore‐derived signals in food foraging activity, but the preference of A. bilineata adults for the larval volatiles over frass volatiles may reflect the dependence of this species on dipteran pupae for reproduction.


J-resistance curve of ductile material is important to describe the ability of a crack structure or material to resist fracture. Experimental and theoretical methods are developed to obtain J-resistance curve of metallic material. However, there are rare reports to predict J-resistance curve directly by tensile test on ductile materials. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to predict the J-resistance curve for metallic material. Based on a new method, true stress-strain curve up to failure of ductile material is obtained. Thus, fracture threshold in different constrains are calculated using different kinds of specimens. A simple logarithmic-relationship between σ1f and σ*f (Yao-Cai criteria) is proposed. The new fracture criterion and full-range constitutive relationship are then used to describe the fracture behaviour near the crack tip. Stress triaxiality and critical fracture first-principle stress around crack tip are obtained. Therefore, fracture procedure is divided into two parts: crack tip blunting and steady crack growth. The relationship of J-integral and crack growth amount R is established respectively according to the blunting line equation and HRR stress field. The predicted results for test specimens (CT, SENT, CIET) with different initial crack length of the A508-3 steel coincide well with the test results. The results show that stress triaxiality at crack tip is a typical characteristic feature following the constraint effect and the Yao-Cai criteria is recommended for the fracture threshold of ductile material.


The proximity of a reef to a tropical cyclone path is the simplest means of estimating the potential for disturbance (that is, physical damage from waves) at that reef. Calculated for cyclones that tracked across a sample of reefs spanning much of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) from 1910 to 1999, such proximities provide a preliminary history of cyclone disturbance in that region for which spatial and temporal trends can be examined. As the long-term dynamics of cyclone disturbance affect the structure and function of coral reef communities, the disturbance regime can be used to consider whether the current state of coral communities (as measured in 1999) represents that which was present over the entire time series, and whether the frequency of cyclone disturbance across the GBR is high (limited recovery time between events) or intermediate (variable recovery time between events) in nature. This analysis reveals that for more than half of the GBR, the latest major disturbance occurred less recently than normal for the time series (current communities had more time for recovery than usual) and that these disturbances are generally intermediate in frequency. However, because many factors other than distance affect the potential for disturbance, these results represent a first step towards characterising the nature of cyclone disturbance across the GBR.


[LnL3][Ln = La or Eu, L = N(SiMe3)2] reacts with Ph2PH to give [LnL2(PPh2)] with elimination of HL. The reaction is most rapid for Eu, slower for La, and immeasurably slow for Y. Reaction of [LnL3(Ph3PO)](Ln = La, Eu, or Y) with Ph2PH gives [LnL2(PPh2)(Ph3PO)], and is more rapid than the reaction between [LnL3] and Ph2PH. These extremely air-sensitive products have been characterized by n.m.r. spectroscopy (1H or 31P).


Although the state-of-the-art object detection methods, which depend on region proposal algorithms to hypothesize object locations, have achieved high detection accuracy, it still struggles in small-size object detection. In this paper, we present a novel method with a multi-scale and multi-tasking region proposal method to effectively detect small object. In the proposed method, multi-scale features and high-level features are employed to locate object position and identify object category, respectively. The main contributions of the proposed approach are two-fold: (1) A simpler way is used to improve the accuracy performance of small object detection, instead of the complex image pyramids and the complex combination framework, and make the object detection task more flexible. (2) Based on multi-scale and multi-tasking approaches, object location information in low layers and object semantic information in deep layers are made fully advantage respectively. The experimental results on the PASCAL VOC dataset show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the art object detection accuracy.


In this study, traditional child plays were examined in the scope of child culture and their impacts on the child development. The first part of the study includes the compilation of traditional children's plays which have different contents and are played in different regions of Turkey. The second part consists of examining the aspects of these plays related to child development. In order to reach traditional children's plays, research articles / books / proceedings and the reviews made by independent researchers and the Ministry of Education in Turkey were examined. A total of 51 plays were selected according to nine different criteria based on the socio-cultural approach. The criteria were geographical region of the play, number of players, gender of players, age of players, timing of the play (day, night, weekday, weekend, etc.), the play space, tools used in the play, the rules of the play and the way to play. Moreover, the impacts of the plays on child development were examined in six different fields of child development: physical, social, moral, emotional, cognitive, and sexual. The main concern in this part was to be able to describe behaviours related to a particular development objectively. In analyses, the first step was to create the first general categories and subcategories from the data. With these categories, an initial analysis form was compiled. Then the form was revised and evaluated by three experts in terms of content validity. By using the revised form, the analysis was made by three coders. Inter-coder reliability was calculated as 0.87. The results showed that plays were played outside the home, in mixed groups, and mostly by using objects such as stones and sticks found in nature. It also seemed that play was considered as a leisure activity which is more suitable for the early age children and used mostly for supporting the development or improvement of physical skills.


A Monte-Carlo method is used to model track formation during slowing down of an electron with an initial energy of 1 MeV in pure liquid water, the dynamics of the spatial distribution of the primary radiolysis products, and the inhomogeneous kinetics of chemical reactions within a track. Five degrees of ionization and the production of five singlet excited states of water, as well as collective excitations of a plasmon type, are taken into account. The calculated yields of ion and radical pairs before the onset of chemical reactions were 5.24 pairs/100 eV of e{sup -}. . H{sub 2}O{sup +}, 1.98 of OH . . H, and 0.77 of H{sub 2} . . O, while the yields of the radiolysis products from water after completion of the reactions in the centers were 2.92 of e{sub aq} per 100 eV, 3.5 of H{sub 3}O{sup +}, 3.02 of OH, 0.64 of H, 0.73 of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, 0.46 of H{sub 2}, and 0.58 of OH{sup -}. 18 refs., 3 figs., 7 tabs.


A major study of nearly 90,000 female nurses in the U.S. finds that low-fat diets seem to have no effect in preventing breast cancer. The study, conducted by Walter C. Willett, Frank E. Speizer, an...


Abstract The study investigated the impact of personality traits on intrapreneurial behavior. Data was collected from 306 employees working in higher education institutions. Structural equation modeling technique was utilized with the help of SmartPLS software. The findings of the study revealed a positive association of extroversion, openness to experiences and emotional stability with intrapreneurial behavior, while a negative impact of conscientiousness, agreeableness on intrapreneurial behavior was recorded. The findings of this study have several implications in the context of HEIs. To enhance the intrapreneurial behavior in the higher educational institutes, the management of the institutions should take positive steps to ensure that employees have personality traits which have shown a significant impact on the intraprenuerial behavior in this study. One strategy top management could consider is that, at the time of recruitment, preference should be given to candidates with higher levels of extroversion, openness to experience and emotional stability. However, among all the traits, the most indicative marker is extroversions followed by emotional stability. Therefore, hiring employees with high levels of extroversion and emotional stability could facilitate more intraprenuerial behavior, which ultimately, will help improve the performance of HEIs. This study with its focus on the micro level foundations of intrapreneurial behavior is one of the first studies in the domain of intrapreneurship.


Effects of light,temperature,GA3 solution and NaNO3 on germination of B.falcatum L.seeds were investigated.The callus of B.falcatum were obtained by young stem and leaves.The results indicated that the optimum temperature for seeds germination was 20℃.Seeds germination rate in light conditions was higher than that of in dark.GA3 had no much impact on seeds germination.Seeds germination rate in the nitrate of soda solution soaking for 12 hours was higher than soaking for 24 hours.The callus induced from stems and leaves showed light yellow and light green,slow-growing respectively.


The aim of the study is to reveal the complication of the flow process of a steam-jet by using the simulation software package (FLUENT). The paper is able to analyze the flow phenomena inside the steam-jet when its throat length was varied. It is found that the entrainment ratio remains unchanged when the throat length is varied. It is also found that the shocking position moved closer to the exit of the vacuum pump and the critical back pressure of the steam-jet pump increased with the elongation of the throat.


We consider a model of two competing species of Lotka--Volterra type with diffusion (migration), where the spatial domain is an arbitrary finite graph (network). Depending on the parameters of the ...


SOUTH-WESTERN BRANCH. .AN intermediate meeting of this Branch was held at the Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, on October 21St, the President, Dr. HUGH MONTGOMERIE, being in the chair. About ffty members were present. Confirmation of Minutes.-The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. Dr. Harper, of Barnstaple. The recommendation -of the Branch Council (a meeting of which had been held just before)That the Branch sympathise deeply with Dr. Harper, of Barnstaple, on the occasion of the death of his wife, and that the Honorary Secretary be 4nstructed to forward a letter of condolence, was carried unanimously. Blections.-The Council's recommendation That Dr. Henry Davy, of Exeter, be elected a Vice-President of the cranch, and that Dr. Gordon, of Exeter, be elected a permanent member of the Branch Council, was carried unanimously. Communications.-Mr. P. H. STIRK for Mr. J. DELPRATT HARRISshowed a case of Diffuse Molluscum Fibrosum, and read notes of the case.-Dr. MONTGOMERIE read notes of a case of Malignant Endocarditis (with specimen).-Mr. WOOLCOMBE for Mr. PAUL SWAIN read notes of two cases of Tumour .of the Bladder removed by suprapubic incision.-Dr. RUSSELL 'COOMBBE read: (I) Notes of a case of Sarcoma of the Inferior Maxilla; (2) notes of a case of Oxalate of Lime Vesical Cal.culus: attempted lithotrity: extraction by lithotomy.-Dr. POLLARD read notes of some cases illustrative of the Open-air Treatment of Consumption at Torquay, and showed charts.Mr. P. H. STIRK for Mr. DELPRATT HARRIS showed some Skia.graphs of the cases of Healthy and Diseased Tissues.-Dr. IONTGOMERIE showed a series of sections of the Temporal Bone, illustrating the structure of the tympanic cavity, mas'toid antrum, etc.-Mr. LUCY showed specimens of: (i) Meckel's Diverticulum causing Intestinal Obstruction; (2) Tubal .Abortion.-Dr. BUSHNELL showed specimens from the South Devon Hospital prepared by the Kaiserling-Jores method: <I) Epithelioma of Tongue; (2) Tuberculous Kidney; (3) ystic Bronchocele. Annual Dinner.-Tea arid coffee were served before the meeting, and at 6.30 the annual Exeter and South-Western medical dinner was held at Pope's New London Hotel, Exeter. Cards of invitation had previously been issued by the Dinner OCommittee to the members of the Branch. About forty sat down to dinner under the presidency of Dr. A. D. HUNT, and a most enjoyable evening was spent.


A heat shielding material and method for manufacturing thereof is provided. The method for manufacturing the heat shielding material, includes: providing a tungsten oxide precursor solution containing a group VIII B metal element; drying the tungsten oxide precursor solution to form a dried tungsten oxide precursor; and subjecting the dried tungsten oxide precursor to a reducing gas at a temperature of 100 DEG C. to 500 DEG C. to form a composite tungsten oxide. The heat shielding material includes composite tungsten oxide doped with a group I A or II A metal and halogen, represented by MxWOy or MxWOyAz, wherein M refers to at least one of a group I A or II A metal, W refers to tungsten, O refers to oxygen, and A refers to a halogen element. The heat shielding material also includes a group VIII B metal element.


The outcome of motor neuron disease (MND) in Japan was analyzed using questionnaires based on 768 cases. There was a significant relationship between duration of disease and age at onset, type of disease, degree of hyperreflexia, and cerebrospinal fluid protein level. The sex of the patients appeared to be related to the mode of progression in MND cases with more than 5 years of survival, although overall survival curves were similar for males and females. Geographic factors had no effect on prognosis.


Experiment was carried out under field condition at Main Agricultural Research Staion, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka, S. India) to evaluate efficacy of different biorational approaches against chilli fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Among different schedules, the Nimbecidine-Nimbecidine-Spinosad-Garlic Chilli Kerosine Extract-Spinosad treatment was effective against H. armigera by recording least larval infestation and fruit damage. With respect to dry chilli yield, RPPrecorded highest yield (4.44 q/ha) with maximum net return (Rs. 13767/-). While, biorational schedule involving Nimbecidine-Nimbecidine-Emamectin benzoate-Neem oil-Emamectin benzoate was the next better intervention with higher net return (Rs. 12127/-).


In 2004 the SEC began requiring mutual funds to include the dollar amount of fund fees in shareholders reports. Before that, funds reported returns net of fees and didn't disclose fees separately. This natural experiment allows me to study the impact of separate reporting of fees on the level of fund fees. I find that average retail fund fees decreased by 27 basis points during the five-year period after the change in this rule, compared to the five-year period before the change. This reduction in fees was much higher for funds with higher fees and more volatile returns. I also find that fund investment became more sensitive to fund fees after 2004. These findings support the narrative that reporting of mutual fund fees separately in dollars made fund fees more salient and helped increase fee awareness among the investors, which, in turn, forced mutual funds to decrease fees.


Planning of strip layout is one of the important activities of progressive die design in sheet metal industries. The optimum and economical die design mainly depends on the design of strip layout. Many methodologies are used to determine optimum strip layout, but there is no literature available for strip-layout simulation. Petri net is one of the most suitable methodologies for simulation of strip layout. In this article, two research contributions are described (1) to apply the visual Petri net to simulate the sequential workstations in the strip layout of part and (2) to integrate the parametric design of strip layout and simulation using Petri-net technique. To demonstrate the present research contribution, two case studies are also discussed.


Landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) is the key technology in landslide monitoring, warning, and evaluation. In recent years, a lot of research on LSP has focused on machine learning algorithms, and the ensemble learning algorithm is a new direction to build the optimal prediction. Logistic model tree (LMT) combines the advantages of decision tree and logistic regression, which is smaller and more robust than ordinary algorithms. The main aim of this study is to construct and test LMT-based random forest (RF) and selected ensemble learning algorithms including bagging and boosting algorithms to compare their performance. Firstly, taking the county of Ziyang, China, as the study area, through historical reports, aerial-photo interpretations, and field investigations, 690 inventory maps of landslide locations were constructed and randomly divided into the 70/30 ratio for a training and validation dataset. Secondly, considering geological conditions, and landslide-induced disease and its characteristics, 14 landslide-conditioning factors was selected. Thirdly, the variance-inflation factor (VIF) and tolerance (TOL) were used to analyze the 14 factors, and the prediction ability was calculated with information-gain technology. Ultimately, the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to verify and compare model performance. Results showed that the LMT-RF model (0.897) was superior to other models, and the performance of LMT single model (0.791) was the worst. Therefore, it can be inferred that the LMT-RF model is a promising model, and the outcome of this study will be useful to planners and scientists in landslide sensitivity studies in similar situations.


The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges to the global community, reinforcing the role of public health in society. The main measures to combat it had (and still have) a huge impact on the daily lives of citizens. This investigation aimed to identify and monitor the population's perceptions about how it faced this period and the impact on health, well-being, and daily life. In this study, we describe the main trends observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health status, confidence in the capacity of the health services to respond to the pandemic, and the use of health services by participants. The online survey collected responses from 171,947 individuals ≥16 years of age in Portugal, over a period of 15 weeks that started on 21 March 2020. Participants could fill the questionnaire once or weekly, which enabled us to analyse trends and variations in responses. Overall, 81% of the respondents reported having felt agitated, anxious, or sad during the COVID-19 pandemic; 19% did not experience these feelings. During the confinement period, the proportion of participants feeling agitated, anxious, or sad every day/almost every day ranged between 20 and 30%, but since the deconfinement this proportion decreased. Around 30% reported having more difficulty getting to sleep or to sleep all night; 28.4% felt more agitated; 25.5% felt sadder, discouraged, or cried more easily; and 24.7% felt unable to do everything they had to do, women more frequently than men. Overall, 65.8% of the participants reported feeling confident or very confident in the health services' capacity to respond to the challenges associated with the pandemic, and this confidence increased over time. Concerning the people who needed a consultation, 35.6% had one in person and 20.8% had one remotely, but almost 44% did not have one due to cancellation by the service (27.2%) or their own decision not to go (16.3%). At this unusual time in which we find ourselves and based on our findings, it is essential to continue monitoring how the population is facing the different phases of the pandemic until it officially ends. Analysing the effects of the pandemic from the point of view of citizens allows for anticipating critical trends and can contribute to preventative action.


IN A previous communication 1 evidence was presented to the effect that fasciculations in voluntary muscle have their site of origin not in the anterior horn cell but at the myoneural junction. This evidence consisted of the demonstration of continued fasciculations during pharmacologic block of the appropriate peripheral nerves or nerve roots and of the alteration of the frequency of fasciculations by drugs acting at the myoneural junction. Subsequently, Denny-Brown 2 mentioned the disadvantages of pharmacologic block and indicated that this type of block could not be considered absolute in the physiologic sense, for the drug employed need not affect all the fibers in a given nerve to the same degree nor could the interference with transmission of sensory or voluntary motor stimuli permit one to conclude that all impulses were blocked. For these reasons, confirmatory evidence for our previous premise regarding the site of origin of fasciculations was sought.


This problem set is designed to accompany, Federal Income Taxation, 6th. The problems are organized to correspond with the chapter and section headings of the text and, in general, the solutions can be found within the material presented in those sections text and the Code and Regulations. However, the problems can be used with any text on this subject. The primary text is also supported by a comprehensive Teacher's Manual.


We use different particular classes of axially symmetric Szekeres Swiss-cheese models for the study of the apparent dimming of the supernovae of type Ia. We compare the results with those obtained in the corresponding Lemaitre-Tolman Swiss-cheese models. Although the quantitative picture is different the qualitative results are comparable, i.e., one cannot fully explain the dimming of the supernovae using small-scale (∼ 50 Mpc) inhomogeneities. To fit successfully the data we need structures of order of 500 Mpc size or larger. However, this result might be an artifact due to the use of axial light rays in axially symmetric models. Anyhow, this work is a first step in trying to use Szekeres Swiss-cheese models in cosmology and it will be followed by the study of more physical models with still less symmetry.


Purpose: To evaluate the short-term changes in tear film dynamics with non-invasive infrared imaging measurement before and after cataract surgery as a pilot study. Methods: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients without preoperative dry eye were enrolled in this study. Non-invasive keratograph tear break-up time (NIK-TBUT) and non-invasive keratograph tear meniscus height (NIK-TMH) were measured before and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after cataract surgery using a keratograph. Results: The mean patient age was 64.47 ± 10.28 years, and 78.95% were female. Although the mean postoperative 1 day NIK-TBUT-first value was not significantly different from the preoperative value, the mean postoperative 1 week and 1 month NIK-TBUT-first values were significantly lower than preoperative values (p < 0.05). The postoperative 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month NIK-TBUT-average and the NIK-TMH values were not different from preoperative values. Conclusions: Our study showed that cataract surgery can lead to tear film instability. And it is important to determine the long-term outcomes of surgery and whether NIK-TBUT and NIK-TMH correlate with slit lamp examination tear break-up time (SLE-TBUT) and slit lamp examination tear meniscus height (SLE-TMH). J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2017;58(4):395-400


The invention relates to a transformation method for an orthotropic steel bridge deck. According to the technical scheme, the transformation method for the orthotropic steel bridge deck includes the following steps that a measuring scheme of a main control point of a whole bridge of an old bridge structure is formulated, and therefore the whole line form of the old bridge structure is obtained; secondly, a measuring scheme of control points of all segments of the old bridge structure is formulated, and main control sizes of all the segments of the old bridge structure are obtained; thirdly, a position scheme of existing holes, existing splice plates and existing support plates is formulated according to the types and sizes of existing holes, newly-formed holes and/or construction site assembled and drilled holes which need to be used in matching and connecting a novel structure and the old structure; fourthly, the precast orthotropic steel bridge deck is connected with the old bridge structure through angle steel bolts. According to the transformation method for the orthotropic steel bridge deck, a measuring control method of a system is used for effectively obtaining the deformation characteristics of the old bridge structure, the practical line form of the oil bridge structure is simulated, so that a manufacture line form of the newly-manufactured structure is determined, matching and installing of the new structure and the old structure are achieved, the difficulty in installing and erecting on a construction site is lowered, and installation efficiency is improved.


Health Research Journal; Volume 1, Issue 3, pages 151-157 Predictors of the Situation of Ergonomic Computer Users Based on the Trans Theoretical Model Hassan Reza Alipour Abdoli , Hormoz Sanai Nasab , Firouz Valipour , Mojtaba Sepandi 3 1 Department of Education and Community Health, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author: Hormoz Sanai Nasab, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-91222710330, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective To study the clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), possible causes and effective treatment in young and middle aged patients. Methods 78 cases of young patients of the risk factors, clinical and biochemical characteristics, treatment, complications were retrospectively analyzed and were compared with 129 cases of hospitalized elderly patients with myocardial infarction at the same period. Results Smoking, alcoholism in young and middle aged group was higher than elderly group(P 0.05). Coronary angiography showed that single vessel diseases were more in the young group, and multi-vessel diseases were more in the elderly group(P 0.01). Complications of thrombolysis group patients were more than PCI group (P 0.01). Prognosis was better in young and middle aged group than in elderly group. There were obvious incentives before the occurrence of diseases in young and middle aged group. Conclusions As clinical features and risk factors of acute myocardial infarction are different in the young from the elderly, prevention and treatment focus on different methods. PCI treatment is a safe and reliable method. For young and middle aged persons with risk factors, carrying out extensive health education and active improvement of the way of life can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.


Objective To investigate and analyze the causes and emergency treatment of spontaneous oral hemorrhage. Methods140 cases of patients with spontaneous oral hemorrhage were selected as the subjects. The causes of bleeding were analyzed from the aspects of medical history, clinical examination and laboratory examination, and symptomatic treatment was given to the patients. Results In this group, 111 cases of spontaneous oral hemorrhage(79.28%) were caused by local factors. Among them, 69cases were caused by gingivitis, the bleeding rate was significantly higher than that of other factors(P0.05); 18 cases(12.86%)were caused by periodontitis, 20 cases(14.29%)by tooth extraction, 4 cases(2.86%)by bad repair body, 1 case(0.71%) by gingival neoplasm; 29 cases(15.57%)by concomitant systemic diseases, including 3 cases(2.14%)of thrombocytopenia, 2 cases(1.43%)of leukemia, 17 cases(12.14%) of hypertension and 7 cases(5.00%)of liver cirrhosis. Disposable thorough hemostasis in 136cases(97.14%). Conclusion Spontaneous oral bleeding is caused mainly by gingivitis, but attention should also be paid to systemic diseases induced bleeding. Timely local tamponade and application of systemic hemostatic drugs can effectively stop the bleeding.


Leicester Square Apartments near Covent Garden, London. Book these serviced apartments at the lowest price online or by phone with Check-in-London.com - London Accommodation Specialists.


A new CLIC main-linac accelerating-structure design, HDS (Hybrid Damped Structure), with improved highgradient performance, efficiency and simplicity of fabrication is presented. The gains are achieved in part through a new cell design which includes fully-profiled rf surfaces optimized to minimize surface fields and hybrid damping using both iris slots and radial waveguides. The slotted irises allow a simple structure fabrication in quadrants with no rf currents across joints. Further gains are achieved through a new structure optimization procedure, which simultaneously balances surface fields, power flow, short and long-range transverse wakefields, rf-to-beam efficiency and the ratio of luminosity to input power. The optimization of a 30 GHz structure with a loaded accelerating gradient of 150 MV/m results in a bunch spacing of seven rf cycles and 32 % rf-to-beam efficiency.


The transmission of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) occurs mainly via breast‐feeding, sexual intercourse and blood transfusions. After transmission, the HTLV‐1 infection is predominantly maintained by cell‐to‐cell infection and clonal expansion; however, the details have not yet been clarified. To investigate how HTLV‐1 infected cells act in an environment without an effective immune reaction, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers were inoculated into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/γcnull (NOG) mice, which have immunological dysfunctions of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and NK cells. Human mononuclear cells including both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to have infiltrated into various organs, including the liver, kidney, spleen and lung, when the mice were sacrificed 1 month after inoculation. The copy numbers of HTLV‐1 provirus detected in the tissue‐infiltrating human cells were much higher than those in the original PBMCs from the carriers. The expression of HTLV‐1 mRNA was demonstrated in the tissue‐infiltrating cells by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Inverse‐long polymerase chain reaction showed that the pattern of HTLV‐1 proviral integration was different from that of the original carrier and that it varied among NOG mice inoculated with PBMCs from the same carrier. These results suggest the selective proliferation of particular clones of HTLV‐1 infected cells in NOG mice. Alternatively, transmission and new integration of HTLV‐1 from infected cells to noninfected cells might have occurred in an environment without an effective immune reaction. The NOG mouse is considered a good animal model for the patho‐physiological study of HTLV‐1 infection with immunodeficiency. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


1. Considering the sensitivity of BC and PM concentrations to the near-surface meteorological conditions (i.e. 10-m wind speed, 2-m temperature), I would expect to see a short evaluation of the performance of the CAIRDIO and COSMO models for these variables (can be added as supplementary material). Such an evaluation will allow the reader to have confidence in the ability of the CAIRDIO and COSMO models to correctly predict the nearsurface atmospheric forcing and consequently the BC and PM concentrations. Moreover, it could also enhance discussion/explanation of model results for the selected stations.


The FEED ontology is an ontology for oro‐pharyngeal muscles and behaviors (http://code.google.com/p/feedontology/). The FEED ontology is an outgrowth of the Feeding Experiments End‐User Database (FEED, http://www.feedexp.org), a multi‐species mammalian database that includes EMG, bone strain, bite force, sonomicrometry, and kinematic data collected during feeding behaviors. FEED utilizes a controlled vocabulary of terms for mammalian feeding muscles and feeding behaviors. The FEED ontology contains classes that refer to anatomical structures, behaviors, and other entities involved in feeding, each of which is given a unique identifier and an explicit definition that is interconnected to other entities by logically defined relationships. These logical definitions make explicit the semantic underpinnings of comparative anatomy. Many of the classes have been merged directly into Uberon (Mungall et al., 2012. Genome Biology, 13(1), R5), a large, multi‐species anatomy ontology. The structure enables connections and queries across the FEED and other ontologies with which it is integrated, such as GO (Gene Ontology), and MA (Mouse Anatomy), as well as to the FEED database itself, and it contributes to the growing framework of ontologies and databases for organizing and analyzing biological data across disciplines and domains.


The transport sector has been identified as one of the highest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in Trinidad and Tobago owing to the increase in the number of vehicles and the inherent traffic congestion. The vehicles are mainly fuelled by conventional fuels with relatively few being alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), primarily in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. This research explores the current situation with the development and adoption of AFV technology in Trinidad & Tobago. In Trinidad, the natural gas supply is already well-established, refuelling stations are in operation and up to 18 original equipment manufacturer CNG vehicles are available on the market, supplemented by the option of vehicle conversion. The opposite is true for electric vehicles, with only one recognized dealer offering electric vehicles and public charging stations, and only one related market incentive in effect. Despite the number of initiatives geared toward CNG development, the 2018 vehicle conversion targets have not been realized and it would require a very aggressive approach to achieve those figures by 2020. The authors have identified the key impediments to successful attainment of the targets. They note that few of the ongoing fiscal incentives, measures or pilot projects by the government ministries that are associated with renewable energies are directly linked to the transportation sector. Additionally, since measures of effectiveness for sustainability are not being monitored, the country cannot adequately determine its progress towards sustainability. The authors propose measures towards achieving sustainable development in transportation and to overcome the constraints of data availability, perceived barriers to AFV adoption and the notion of affordability over sustainability.


Changes in the amount of chlorophyll(Chl),malondialdehyde(MDA),and soluble sugar(SS),and the activity of three antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,and CAT)were investigated after treatment with different NaCl concentrations.Salt tolerance was evaluated by fuzzy subordination methods.The results showed that with increasing salt concentration:(1)The total chlorophyll content of the Fengqiu safflower decreased gradually,while for the other safflowers,the content increased initially and then decreased.(2)The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and soluble sugar(SS)enhanced significantly,and the soluble protein content initially increased,and then decreased.(3)The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of Heze safflower and Chuan safflower were significantly higher at 50 mmol/L salt concentration than that of the control,after which they declined.The others showed a constant decrease.With salt concentration increasing,the peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activity of all species initially increased and then decreased.(4)Using the fuzzy subordination method,the salt resis-tances of the six species decreased in the order of Fengqiu safflowerHeze safflowerChuan safflowerBozhou safflowerYunhong No.3Xinjiang safflower.


A challenge experiment was carried out which comprised six treatment groups each consisting of 12 individually housed piglets. Each group received one of the following pelleted diets: 1) Basal Diet (BD; Negative control); 2) BD + Yeast product (Positive control, 2.5 g/kg diet); 3) BD + Product SW 7 (25 g/kg diet); 4) BD + Product SW11 (25 g/kg diet) 5) BD + Sesame seed expeller (25 g/kg diet); 6) BD + Thyme/Carvacrol (Origanum spp.; 1.0 g/kg diet). The choice of the products used in the first five treatment groups was based on the results of an in vitro study by Becker et al. (2006), and comprised a range of the in vitro adhesion capacity to E. coli K88+ from high to low. The Thyme/Carvacrol treatment was carried out on request of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. This challenge experiment showed that there was a substantial difference in effect of several plant products in the diet on response of E. coli infected pigs


The generic optimal estimation method (OEM) developed by Rodgers [1976, 1990, 2000] for solving atmospheric data inversion problems has been successfully developed to retrieve vertical profile information of NO3 from zenith sky spectroscopic measurements of column abundance made through sunrise. The technique has been shown to be robust and yields profile information to an altitude of 20 km. The rapid photolysis of NO3 at dawn ensures that a time series of column density measurements provides significant vertical information. The method has been extensively tested and a thorough error analysis was performed. The largest source of error arises from the undersampling of the column density through sunrise, the so-called smoothing error. The measurement errors and uncertainties in the forward model are also significant. Although a simple forward model involving only photolysis of NO3 during sunrise is able to successfully map the retrieved profile onto the column density measurements on some days, on other days systematic errors arise in the retrieval. These can be accounted for by either increased cloudiness or thermal decomposition of N2O5 in polluted boundary layer air, both effects extending the lifetime of NO3 through sunrise. The technique allows NO3 profile information to be retrieved in a variety of conditions over an extended period of time in a reliable and consistent manner.


This judgment summarizes the notes of the parliamentary investiture, as a very personal and face-to-face act. It is personal, because the candidate can only act for himself, not through third parties; it is face-to-face, because the parliamentary debate can only take place at the seat of Parliament. Only when the actors share the same scenario, does arise the communication between them, the debate, sharing gestures and expressions. The simple image of theperson who speaks many kilometers away does not generate debate, just simple transmission of the message. Such is the peculiarity of the parliamentary debate, which requires human contact, irreplaceable at the moment.The Court thus emphasizes the importance of the communicative process that must be given in the investiture. A debate, without a candidate present, breaks the structure of parliamentary communication, which must always be based on the idea that the participants are gathered in the same place, or if it is preferred to say otherwise, the important thing now is the act as experience: the experience of being together in the same time and place.