Background: The study is devoted to the impact of a new coronavirus infection in combination with other diseases on the hospitalization outcomes. Features of mortality in the population during COVID-19 pandemic, including from blood circulatory system diseases, have been studied. However, there are few studies based on the large amount of data on the cases and outcomes of providing specialized hightech medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19.Objective: The analysis of impact of a new coronavirus infection on the outcomes of hospitalization for circulatory system diseases.Material and methods: Information about more than 350 thousand cases of hospitalization of patients with blood circulatory system diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed, of which in 1875 cases a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19 was established. The sources of information are the depersonalized registers of compulsory health insurance accounts. For assessment of the obtained data methods of descriptive statistics, simple (unweighted) arithmetic mean values, mean values, specific weights of indicator values, a mean square (standard) deviation from mean values were used. The analysis and descriptive part of the work were carried out by means of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software package.Results: The outcomes of hospitalization of patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were significantly worse than in other patients. Moreover, the frequency of lethal outcomes increases significantly in correlation with the age of patients and does not depend on the choice of treatment method – surgical or therapeutic.Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly complicates provision of medical care in conditions of the round-the-clock hospital for blood circulatory system diseases. The risks of surgical interventions for circulatory system diseases in combination with COVID-19 are as high as with the use of therapeutic technologies. It is necessary to unify the indications and contraindications to surgical treatment of conditions related to acute coronary syndrome in cases of the presence of such concomitant pathology as COVID-19.


The Vocabulaire Européen des Philosophies* deserves a warm welcome from everyone interested in philosophy and its history. While connoisseurs of philosophical lexicography will take particular delight in many of the work s̓ artful technical features and its often audacious solutions to some of the fundamental problems of the genre of philosophical dictionary, the significance of the Vocabulaire far exceeds such considerations. The work in many respects redefines the genre of the philosophical dictionary, reviving the cultural ambitions of both the medieval summa and such Enlightenment dictionaries as Bayle s̓ Dictionnaire historique et critique (1702). It defines philosophy s̓ past and its future prospects, as well as opening up new areas of research by suggesting unexpected links between existing problems and traditions of philosophy and between philosophy and its ʻnon-philosophical' others. Its cultural ambition ensures that it remains critical, never lapsing into the extremes of the uselessly monumental or antiquarian, respecting Bataille s̓ definition of the modern dictionary as beginning not with the meaning of words but with their tasks. Such a text – over fifteen hundred pages largely set in double columns scrupulously and programmatically respecting the idioms of the major European philosophical languages – is less to be read than to be lived and worked with. It provides a vast number of entries organized (and typographically distinguished) in terms of ʻuntranslatable' terms and their equivalents in the vernacular languages, meta-entries on languages and themes, and introductory short entries. The entries are historically rich, punctuated with shaded insertions of short essays on related themes, concluding with generous and useful bibliographies. With a work of such scale and ambition what follows can only be a provisional report on a few months of cohabitation, premissed upon admiration for the Vocabulaire s̓ achievement tempered by a certain curiosity concerning some of its limits and eccentricities. These may be functions of a necessarily partial reading – who could claim or want to claim to have read a whole dictionary? – but some of the omissions and oversights are striking, and, given the overall ambition of the work, worthy of reflection. One example of such a limit is the absence of an entry on the philosophical dictionary itself, crucial not only as a site for the debate and codification of philosophical idioms but also as a vector for the teaching and dissemination of philosophy. Book V of Aristotle s̓ Metaphysics is the earliest surviving example of the philosophical dictionary, organized in terms of concepts, although the genre as we know it is largely a product of the Enlightenment. In his study of the dissemination of Spinozist ideas – Radical Enlightenment – Jonathan Israel described the early Enlightenment dictionary as a vector for radical philosophy, ʻa philosophical engine of war which massively invaded the libraries, public and private, of the whole continent .̓ The subentry on lexicography in the entry on ʻLogos' is too general to help, unless of course the entire Vocabulaire be considered as a vast entry on this very question. Before pursuing further the dominant and inevitable trope of a dictionary review – repining over what is absent or excluded in its pages – it is necessary to pay unequivocal tribute to the extraordinary achieve-


Cataract is one of the major ophthalmic diseases worldwide which can potentially affect the performance of iris-based biometric systems. While existing research has shown that cataract does not have a major impact on iris recognition, our observations suggest that iris segmentation algorithms are not well equipped to handle cataract or post cataract surgery cases, thereby affecting the overall iris recognition performance. This paper presents an efficient iris segmentation algorithm with variations due to cataract and post cataract surgery. The proposed algorithm, termed as SegDenseNet, is a deep learning algorithm based on DenseNet. The experiments on the IIITD Cataract Surgery Database show that improving iris segmentation enhances the recognition performance by up to 25% across different sensors and matchers.


Titulo: INCENTIVE SYSTEMS: ADOPTION, DISCRETION AND PERFORMANCE RESUMEN: This dissertation deals with two issues in compensation contracting that have not received a lot attention in the management accounting "literature: the role of subjectivity in compensation contracting and the adoption and subsequent use of incentive systems. i start by examining how compensation contracting changes when supervisor discretion is introduced. subsequently, i focus on supervisor bias in subjective performance evaluation and study what causes supersvisors to bias performance ratings and how supervisor bias influences employee performance. I find several causes of supervisor bias, including employee performance and the financial position of the firm. The results also provide strong support for the prediction that supervisor bias affects not only current performance ratings, but also future employee incentives. In the last part, I analyze both the adoption and the subsequent use of an incentive system. I study what drives the adoption speed and to what exent early adopters use the system differently from late adopters. More specifically, I investigate whether, as predicted by institutional theory, late adopters only formally adopt the system but do not real1y use it, i.e., whether they 'decouple'. The empirical evidence indicates that economic determinants explain the early adoption of the incentive system, and that late adopters do not tie pay to performance to a lesser extent than early adopters do


In the context of sustainable development, there is a need to promulgate guidelines for urban planning which will consider the effects of the built environment on water resources. Our current work is a first step on the way towards Water-Sensitive Urban Planning (WSUP). It focuses on groundwater protection, and includes: a review of the state of knowledge regarding the effect of urban development on runoff and infiltration, assessment of these effects for the coastal aquifer in Israel, identification of relevant components of WSUP, preliminary practical proposals, and recommendations for further research.


Excerpt The highly favorable immediate effects of ACTH and cortisone in rheumatic fever were described by Hench et al.1soon after their first report of their effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. ...


Significance Why the brain is uniquely sensitive to hypoxia and which cells are involved is incompletely understood. Here we identify that, upon ischemic stroke, in endothelial cells and neurons the reactive oxygen-forming NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) causes breakdown of the BBB and neuronal cell death. This mechanism is unique to the brain and not found in other forms of ischemia in the body. Genetic deletion of either cell type (endothelial or neuronal) or pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 leads to a significant reduction of infarct volume and direct neuroprotection. This mechanism explains the unique vulnerability of the hypoxic brain compared with other organs and provides a clear rationale for first-in-class neuroprotective therapies in stroke. Ischemic injury represents the most frequent cause of death and disability, and it remains unclear why, of all body organs, the brain is most sensitive to hypoxia. In many tissues, type 4 NADPH oxidase is induced upon ischemia or hypoxia, converting oxygen to reactive oxygen species. Here, we show in mouse models of ischemia in the heart, brain, and hindlimb that only in the brain does NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) lead to ischemic damage. We explain this distinct cellular distribution pattern through cell-specific knockouts. Endothelial NOX4 breaks down the BBB, while neuronal NOX4 leads to neuronal autotoxicity. Vascular smooth muscle NOX4, the common denominator of ischemia within all ischemic organs, played no apparent role. The direct neuroprotective potential of pharmacological NOX4 inhibition was confirmed in an ex vivo model, free of vascular and BBB components. Our results demonstrate that the heightened sensitivity of the brain to ischemic damage is due to an organ-specific role of NOX4 in blood–brain-barrier endothelial cells and neurons. This mechanism is conserved in at least two rodents and humans, making NOX4 a prime target for a first-in-class mechanism-based, cytoprotective therapy in the unmet high medical need indication of ischemic stroke.


Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (P Germany. E-mail: christian.gollwitzer@ptb. LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 Institute for Reference Materials and Meas (JRC), European Commission, Retieseweg 11 Analytical Sciences, National Physical Labo Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sc Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, H † Electronic supplementary informa 10.139/c6ay00419a ‡ CG and MK performed and evaluated results and draed the manuscript. DB TEM measurements. HGI conceived t NanoChOp project. VK, CM, YR, and AS measurements, including a detailed un production of the test materials. MP an plain silica particles. All authors read and Cite this: Anal. Methods, 2016, 8, 5272


The extreme intraand inter-familial variability in the rate of progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has been recognized for many decades. However the cause of such variability remains obscure even considering the rapid progress made in understanding the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of the disease. It is likely to involve genetic, environmental and individual factors such as epigenetics in addition to the known and well-described genic and allelic effects seen in PKD1 and PKD2, the genes responsible for ADPKD. Individuals with a PKD1 mutation reach ESRF on average in their mid-50s. More prolonged renal survival is associated with mis-sense compared with loss-of-functions mutations. Mutations in PKD2 are associated with even greater renal survival with an average age of renal failure in the 70s. Whilst these genic and allelic effects are strong in ADPKD they do not help our understanding of the disease variability observed within single families with a presumably common causative genetic mutation. The contribution of genetic modifiers to disease variability has been assessed in several studies. In families with PKD1 mutations, genetic variation may account for 32–42% of the variance in estimated GFR (eGFR) before ESRD and 43–78% of the variance in age at ESRF. So far the genetic modifiers are unknown although variants in DKK3 have been implicated. Inconsistent results from small studies using candidate genes such as ACE have been disappointing. At a time when the promise of effective therapeutics may be able to be tangibly fulfilled within the medium to long term, a greater understanding of the causes of disease variability and how to predict long term outcomes is urgently required. Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ADPKD and the development of hypertension even independently of other markers of renal dysfunction. Absolute or relative diminution of nitric oxide (NO) production in ADPKD, its regulation by the protein product of the PKD1 gene, polycystin-1, have supported the possible role of NO production in contributing to ADPKD phenotypic variability. Whilst investigated and reported upon before, most studies looking at functional genetic variation in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) have also been limited to small numbers of participants where other factors that are known to predict disease severity such as underlying gene mutation or renal volume have not been assessed. These studies have therefore been considerably underpowered to detect even a modest effect size. As such, the question of whether genetic influences on NO production exert a disease modifier effect in ADPKD have not been convincingly or resoundingly answered. In recent issues two research groups have further explored the potential role for NOS3 to act as an ADPKD modifier gene. Ramanathan et al. investigated several SNP and polymorphisms in a south Indian cohort using a case control methodology which did not reveal such an association or modifier effect. Subsequently Xue et al. have undertaken a systematic review and meta analysis including the previous study. The results of 11 published studies across Asian, European, North American and Middle Eastern populations, suggested that one allele in a dominant model (A allele of 4b/a polymorphism, NOS3) is associated with increased ESRF risk, another in a recessive model conferred the opposite effect (GG allele of Glu298Asp variant, NOS3). Of further interest is that the later recessive model allele appears to exert its modifier effect in a somewhat gender dependent fashion. This finding is of interest for several reasons. First, a meta analysis of all available studies demonstrated statistically significant associations of different NOS3 variants with either accelerated or delayed renal progression in ADPKD. NOS3 is a biologically plausible candidate gene and this study appears to answer more convincingly than has previously been possible the question as to whether NOS3 variants exert a phenotypic modifier effect in ADPKD. Second, it further emphasizes that a large well-designed prospective case control study is still required to confirm these findings. Such a study is likely to be challenging. There is an absolute requirement for high quality genotype and/or phenotype data to control for known factors that influence disease severity and to provide better clinical end-points. Such end-points may be age at ESRF or alternatively new measures such as height or age adjusted renal volume. Third, these findings add further impetus to developing an international approach to understanding ADPKD by collecting prospective data on a large cohort of ADPKD patients and their family members. This approach has supported definitive studies in a wide range of other diseases, both monogenic and complex. Several large studies to identify modifier genes in ADPKD are already underway utilizing a Competing interests: AM is a recipient of an RBWH Foundation Research Postgraduate Scholarship, RACP Foundation Jacquot Research Entry Scholarship, past recipient of a Churchill Fellowship and ANZSN Travelling Fellowship, and has received a travel grant from Amgen. bs_bs_banner


Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.


Objective: Our aim was to validate the Turkish version of the 12-item form of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (T-ZBI-12) as an instrument to measure the caregiver burden in caregivers of patients with dementia in Turkey and to evaluate its reliability. Methods: A total of 90 caregivers of Alzheimer's patients with dementia from two outpatient clinics were included in the study. MMSE was used to determine dementia severity, and validity was examined using the correlation between the T-ZBI-12 and MMSE score. We used item-total correlations to check whether there was an item inconsistent with the rest of the interview. Results: The abbreviated scale (T-ZBI-12) is valid and reliable, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.92. All item-total correlations were significant (p<0.01). The results demonstrated good validity, with significant correlations between caregiver burden and dementia severity. Conclusion: T-ZBI-12 is reliable and valid for the assessment of dementia caregiver burden in Turkey.


A high efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for the production of aromatic and heteroaromatic β-nitroalcohols has been developed. This synthetic approach involves the condensation of an...


Nowadays research becomes important when its results are used not only in theory but it changes the practice. The mechanism of implementing theoretical findings in the sphere of their practical usage comes to the fore. Implementation traditionally is conducted through the material embodiment of pedagogical innovation, at the same time organising and holding thematic events gains its popularity. The experience of implementing pedagogical innovation through conducting a scientific and practical seminar is represented. The advantages of this format of presentation and verification of research findings' results are revealed: the presence of direct contact with a potential consumer of a research product; the possibility of its critical evaluation, making necessary timely adjustments for improvement, etc. The purpose, effectiveness, conclusions are revealed, the quintessence of which lies in the power of the specified thematic event, that is confirmed by the possibility of acquiring the skills of modern professional thinking by the seminar participants, the expansion of the range of scientific and experimental sites by researches. Nevertheless, it requires the creation of specific conditions: a detailed, simple, interesting presentation of the theoretical principles' essence, creation of problem-based situations, possibility to rely on participants' practical experience.


The invention relates to a portion capsule for producing a beverage, comprising a substantially truncated cone-shaped or cylindrical base element (2), which has a cavity (3) for receiving a beverage raw material, and to a membrane (4) closing said cavity, wherein a wall region of the base element comprises a plurality of grooves (15).


Gel-phase 195Pt NMR spectroscopy of dichloroplatinum peptide complexes attached to a solid support is described. The observed 195Pt chemical shifts of the support-bound platinum complexes are in good agreement with the solution-state 195Pt NMR spectra of the soluble and deprotected analogs. This non-destructive analytical method for on-resin-compound analysis was applied in the optimization of the solid-phase synthesis of the primary amine dichloroplatinum complex 6, which represents a new class of platinum complexes now available via solid-phase synthetic chemistry. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


Summary Under conditions of semi-deep water (51–100 cm) rice varieties with greater plant height produced more dry matter and grain yield as N fertilizer was increased from 0 to 20 and 40 kg/ha. The varieties which performed better in a situation of slow rise in water level to a depth of 120 cm could not survive a quick rise in water level owing to their lesser plant height and elongation ability. The loss of dry matter (dead and dried leaves) was also greater in varieties susceptible to deep water than varieties tolerant of deep water. With the increase in N fertilizer, there was increase in plant height, number of tillers, dry-matter production and grain yield. The loss of dry matter was less in crops given N fertilizer than in those not given N fertilizer. The varieties capable of producing higher grain yield in response to N fertilizer under semi-deep water did not improve their grain yield under intermediate deep water (15–50 cm). With increase in application of N fertilizer from 0 to 40 kg/ha the N concentration in grain increased. N concentration did not vary in straw under intermediate deep water, there was no definite trend in semi-deep water, and it was higher under conditions of semi-deep than intermediate deep water.


Thalassemia constitutes a form of anemia that has clear problems in relation tooral and dental health.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and severity of periodontaldiseases among patients with β-thalassemia major (βtm) at (6-12) years of age inBaghdad city in comparison to healthy control.Our study sample comprised 50 patients of both sexes were examined ,who wereattending the thalassemia center in Al-Karama Hospital .A similar number of healthycontrol matching with age and gender were involved .Plaque index of Silness &Löe (1964) and Calculus index of Ramfjord (1959) wereused to assess oral cleanliness (dental plaque and dental calculus respectively).Gingival index of Löe &Silness (1963) was used for recording gingival healthcondition.Results were generally observed a poor oral hygiene .Highly significant differencein means of plaque index (1.902±0.68, 0.9384±0.51) and gingival index (1.390± 0.94,0.840± 0.46) between βtm and control groups respectively, while not significant inmean of calculus index (0.470± 0.63, 0.3362± 0.42) between groups.The present study showed that most patients with β-thalassemia major wereaffected by gingivitis of moderate type (38%), while most of control of mild type(76%).


The reported research examines the level of environmental knowledge of Michigan State University students relative to the results of a biannual national study of the environmental knowledge of the general population of the United States. While the university students were found to possess higher levels of environmental knowledge than the general public, the students' overall environmental knowledge, on average, was deficient with only 66% of them receiving a passing grade. The findings suggest a positive correlation between academic level, field of study and environmental knowledge.


A method for determining the effective voltage battery, comprising: at predetermined time intervals detects a battery voltage; the number of statistical tests voltage within a predetermined voltage range; calculated count the number of changes with a battery voltage variation ratio; determining the ratio of the calculated The first peak point.


This paper aims to analyze the statements of Bass & Riggio (2006) regarding criticisms of the transformational leadership style which is often considered elitist and anti-democratic. Is the Transformational Leadership style still relevant to today's increasingly dynamic era with the increasing complexity of the organizational environment. With the analysis model using literature study methods from several relevant journals, the results of the analysis show that there is still a strong relevance between transformational leadership patterns and the company's desire to innovate. Transformational leadership is able to maintain continuous and sustainable organizational innovation. Making organizations more agile is also discussed in this article as an antecedent of organizational innovation.


The demand for energy in South East Asia and the Pacific region has seen vast growth in gas exploration across the continent of Australia. With the approval of a number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facilities across the Australian seaboard, Arup Australasia has put its multi-disciplinary capabilities to full use in the delivery of a number of LNG Jetties in Gladstone, Queensland in a design and construct collaboration with contractor John Holland Group (JHG). One of the most vital elements of an LNG Jetty, both from a design and construction point of view, is the berthing dolphins. While the structural form may vary considerably across various project sites, this structure is consistent in functionality which is to resist the lateral forces associated with berthing and mooring of vessels. With the world's energy demands growing and sea going vessels increasing in size and volume for coal and LNG transportation, berthing dolphins are growing both in size and complexity in design. This paper presents the design and construction of berthing dolphin structures accommodating berthing and mooring of vessels of up to 220,000 m3 in capacity, which is the result of close collaboration between JHG and Arup.


Macrophage infiltration into colon cancer and amphoterin expression in cancer cells was examined in 42 human colon cancers invading the subserosa. The mean number of infiltrating macrophages was significantly higher in Dukes' B cases than in Dukes' C cases (p = 0.0065). Tumors with few infiltrating macrophages (macrophage depletion) were significantly more frequent in Dukes' C cases than in Dukes' B cases (p = 0.0014). No Dukes' C cases with relevant macrophage infiltration showed macrophage-cancer cell contact, whereas 5 Dukes' B cases showed such contact (p < 0.0001). In human colon cancer cells implanted in the cecum of nude mice, KM12SM (highly metastatic) tumors yielded less macrophage infiltration and more liver metastases than KM12C (low risk of metastasis) tumors (14 ± 3 vs. 78 ± 32 and 24 ± 6 vs. 5 ± 3 per liver, respectively). Amphoterin expression was detected at high frequency in both Dukes' B and C cases (p = 0.0684). In macrophage-depleted cases, amphoterin expression was significantly higher than that in non-depleted cases (p = 0.0015). To confirm biological effects of amphoterin on macrophages, an infiltration assay using the cell-layered Boyden chamber was done. Infiltration of PMA-treated U937 monocytes through the KM12SM cell layer was increased by pretreatment of KM12SM cells with amphoterin antisense S-oligodeoxynucleotide exposure. Moreover, extracted amphoterin inhibited PMA-U937 monocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, amphoterin may play an important role in the inhibition of macrophage infiltration into colon cancer.


This research designs and realizes a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter that reduces the current ripple, switching losses and increases converter efficiency. The size and cost can be reduced when the proposed converter is designed with the coupled inductor scheme. This paper describes a three-phase DC-DC buck/boost converter with the coupled inductor and ZVS soft switching operation under different inductor current conduction modes. Simulation and experimental results are employed compare the performance of the proposed three-phase bidirectional converter in the PV system under battery charge and discharge operating modes for energy storage systems.


New generation accelerators, such as future circular collider (FCC), require superconducting wires with non-copper <italic>J</italic>c of 1500 A/mm2 at 16 T and 4.2 K. Kobe Steel Ltd. developed Nb3Sn conductors with elemental addition to achieve the target <italic>J</italic>c for FCC. The effect of zinc addition to the copper matrix on the superconducting properties and mechanical strength of the distributed tin (DT) method processed Nb3Sn wire is studied. In the present study, the <italic>I</italic>c-strain characteristics were evaluated using Walters springs (WASP) at 16 T and 4.2 K to investigate the impact of copper (Cu) and brass (Cu-Zn) matrix on further <italic>J</italic>c improvement and mechanical robustness.


Human use and management of terrestrial resources significantly alter vegetation structure, function, extent, distribution, and species composition and change nutrient and hydrologic inputs. These vegetation, nutrient, and hydrologic variables are frequently critical inputs to most biogeochemistry models of global change. Recently, the U.S. Forest Service Southern and Northern Global Change Programs determined the need for a review and assessment of existing land use change models that include social drivers. We review and classify existing models using a classification scheme that arrays models along three-axes: space, time, and human decision-making. We use this classification scheme in part to present our findings and to assess future directions for incorporating social drivers in land use change models.


The national program to develop a trans-atmospheric vehicle has kindled a renewed interest in the modeling of supersonic reacting flows. A supersonic combustion ramjet, or scramjet, has been proposed to provide the propulsion system for this vehicle. The development of computational techniques for modeling supersonic reacting flow fields, and the application of these techniques to an increasingly difficult set of combustion problems are studied. Since the scramjet problem has been largely responsible for motivating this computational work, a brief history is given of hypersonic vehicles and their propulsion systems. A discussion is also given of some early modeling efforts applied to high speed reacting flows. Current activities to develop accurate and efficient algorithms and improved physical models for modeling supersonic combustion is then discussed. Some new problems where computer codes based on these algorithms and models are being applied are described.


Copyright © 2020. The Korean Academy of Oral & Maxillofacial Implantology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. OPEN ACCESS Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal cement space in the 3D printed 3-unit resin fixed partial denture. Materials and Methods: A model was fabricated for mandibular premolar and molar implant abutments. Forty resin prostheses were fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer. A cement space of 90 μm (CS 90) was given for 20 specimens and a cement space of 100 μm (CS 100) was given for 20 specimens. The groups of each cement space were divided into 10 groups by a layer thickness (50 μm and 100 μm) and a build orientation (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°). The prostheses were seated and scanned with micro-CT. Marginal, axial and occlusal gaps were measured and statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test (α = .05). Results: In CS 90 groups, marginal gap (MG) value was 88.43 ± 41.77 μm, mid axial gap (AX) value was 92.74 ± 58.43 μm, axio-occlusal angle gap (AN) value was 80.49 ± 56.97 μm and occlusal gap (OC) value was 166.75 ± 52.38 μm. In CS 100 groups, MG value was 69.12 ± 40.17 μm, AX value was 113.43 ± 64.20 μm, AN value was 92.99 ± 55.73 μm and OC value was 161.79 ± 50.40 μm. In CS 100 group, MG showed smaller value in comparison to CS 90 group (p < .05). Conclusion: For the SLA 3D printed 3-unit resin fixed partial denture, setting the cement space to 90 μm or less is not recommended due to the interference in seating.


Background: Eosinophilic asthma may be complicated by chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or eosinophilic otitis with subsequent hearing loss. Anti-IL5 treatment improves asthma in many patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. It is unknown whether in these patients symptoms of CRS or otitis are reduced following anti-IL5 treatment. Aim: To evaluate symptom scores of CRS and otitis in patients with severe asthma in the first 16 weeks of anti-IL5 treatment. Methods: In this prospective cohort study we included patients that started with anti-IL5 treatment (mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab). Severity of CRS, otitis and hearing loss was assessed using Borg scores at baseline and 16 weeks. Results: We included 31 asthma patients (61% adult-onset, 29% atopic, 65% with known CRS/polyposis, 83% on daily OCS). At baseline, 20/31 patients reported any level of symptoms (Borg>0) for CRS, 6/31 for otitis and 7/31 for hearing loss. After 16 weeks, in the total group ACQ improved by 0.8 points (SD=0.9, p 0.20). However, within patients with symptoms at baseline, there was a significant improvement in otitis symptoms (Borg score median (IQR) from 1 (0.5-7) to 0 (0-4), p=0.03) and a trend for less hearing loss (from 4 (0.5-5) to 1.75 (0-5), p=0.07). Conclusions: Despite good effect on asthma control, anti-IL5 treatment did not improve CRS symptoms, but had some effect on symptoms of otitis and hearing loss. These results question the role of IL5 in CRS inflammation and at the same time support the idea of eosinophilic otitis representing an additional phenotypic feature of severe eosinophilic asthma.


Results on tunable diode laser spectroscopy applications in analysis of human expiration are presented. Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled air of several non-smoking adults were measured with high sensitivity. Obtained CO contents slightly exceed atmosphere level and correlate with it. Simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were carried out using single diode laser generated at 4.7 microns. Dependences of their concentration in exhaled air on breath-holding time were investigated.


In clinical practice, fetal growth is confused with fetal size and it is common for «birthweight-for-gestational-age» standards to be described as «fetal growth charts», and a weight-for-gestation below some arbitrary centile to be referred to as «intrauterine growth retardation». The distinction between size and growth is critical. What the clinician needs to know is whether fetal growth has deviated from its normal progression


Using several typical intersubspecific hybrid rice combinations (IHRCs) and their parents as materials, their grain-filling characteristics and the reasons for poor grain plumpness were studied.


Support vector machine (SVM) is a new sort of machine learning method based on structure risk minimization (SRM) principle, which has high generalization capability. Many problems with small samples, nonlinearity or high dimension in pattern recognition could be solved by the method. In this paper, the traffic data on freeway were taken as research objects and an information fusion algorithm based on SVM about freeway incident detection was proposed. A SVM was trained and tested using the data obtained from the simulation under the condition of incident and non-incident. Compared with the multi-layer feed forward neural network (MLF) algorithm trained with the same data, the simulation results showed that the SVM offers a lower misclassification rate, higher correct detection rate and lower false alarm, and it can improve the detection performance


A novel structure of the near-field communication (NFC) antenna design for a tablet PC is proposed. This tablet PC has a narrow border and full metallic back-cover. A miniaturized loop antenna design is achieved by attaching ferrite sheets on both sides of the loop antenna. The ferrite sheets may reduce eddy currents induced on the adjacent metallic back-cover by the loop antenna to improve the communication range of the NFC. Only the edge of the tablet PC allows the antenna to radiate due to the full metallic back-cover. Thus, the NFC antenna needs to be narrow to be installed on the edge of the tablet PC. Therefore, we propose a miniaturized NFC antenna with the dimensions of 41.5 (L) × 7.5 (W) × 0.45 (T) mm3 only. Simulated magnetic field distributions are consistent with measured voltage distributions. This design has a good communication range more than 6 cm in front of the touchscreen panel and reaches 2 cm over the other side above the metal back-cover.


This paper presents a novel parallel image matching algorithm based on the local entropy difference vector (LEDV). Spatial information is introduced into the definition of image entropy and a thresholding operation is employed to limit the contribution of a mismatching block to the matching result. The proposed approach confirms the robustness of the LEDV to irradiation distortion, geometric distortion, local noise interference and occlusion, coupled with the transform of image entropy definition to make it suitable for parallel processing, can lead to good matching result, which is validated by experiments on a variety of images in natural environment.


The charge transport in 2,4,6-tris(thiophene-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazene based octupolar molecules is studied. The effect of structural fluctuation on charge transfer integral and site energy is included while studying the charge transfer kinetics through kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The charge transfer kinetic parameters such as rate coefficient, dispersive parameter, disorder drift time, mobility, and hopping conductivity are studied for both steady state (Δe = 0) and non-steady state (Δe ≠ 0). It has been found that the hopping conductivity depends on the charge transfer rate and electric permittivity of the medium. The disorder drift time (St) is acting as the crossover point between adiabatic band and nonadiabatic hopping charge transfer mechanism. The calculated hole and electron mobilities in 2,4,6-tris[5-(3,4,6-trioctyloxyphenyl)thiophene-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazene (1b) and 2,4,6-tris[5′-(3,4,6-tridodecyloxyphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophene-5-yl]-1,3,5-triazene (2) are in good agreement with experimental results. Th...


Ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBL) are a major threat to graft survival and a major cause of recipient morbidity after liver transplantation (LT). The nonanastomotic strictures that are typical of ITBL can cause severe biliary obstructions that require interventions such as biliary stent placement and even retransplantation in up to 15% of LT recipients. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of ITBL in recipients, with the incidence rising up to 30%. It is thought that the prolonged period of warm ischemia in DCD underlies the unrepairable injury to the biliary tree that predisposes patients to ITBL. However, the recognition of immune-related risk factors such as ABO-incompatible LT and recurring primary sclerosing cholangitis suggests a multifactorial etiology and complicates our understanding of the pathophysiology of ITBL. Several histological studies have described the association of cholangiocyte injury and peribiliary vascular injury at the time of graft preservation with the development of ITBL after LT. Necrosis of the bile duct arterioles is believed to cause an insufficient regenerative capacity for damaged cholangiocytes by the peribiliary glands. In addition, a reduced blood supply from the portal vein, which is responsible for approximately 40% of the blood flow through the common bile duct, has been shown to contribute to ITBL. However, the invasive character and the risk of interobserver variability in histological grading make tissue biopsies less ideal for a fast, noninvasive, and objective assessment of the diffusely spread biliary injury seen in ITBL. Therefore, developing early noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ITBL is of increasing interest. At the time of LT, fast and noninvasive measurements of sensitive and specific biomarkers could be helpful in quantitatively assessing the degree of biliary injury in marginal grafts susceptible to ITBL. Recent work from our research group has shown that cholangiocyte-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in graft preservation solutions before LT are predictive of ITBL. These findings suggest that the release of miRNAs by cholangiocytes is adjusted in response to biliary injury at the time of graft preservation, even before the liver is actually implanted into the recipient. Indeed, miRNAs are emerging as novel biomarkers that possess several useful features, including cell-type specificity, sensitivity, and stability. In particular, extracellular miRNAs, whose presence has been demonstrated in a wide variety of body fluids, have become attractive candidate biomarkers for minimally invasive or noninvasive detection of cellular injury. miRNAs derived from hepatocytes, for instance, are already elevated in the serum of recipients during episodes of acute cellular rejection well before a rise in transaminases can be detected. Moreover, extracellular miRNAs are more resistant against ribonuclease activity than longer messenger RNAs at room temperature or after repeated freezethaw cycles.


Decisions for investment, buying and selling of asset depend upon its market value. Issues arise in arriving at the actual value of the asset as well as computing the rate of returns from it. The value of assets and in turn property gradually reduces on the account of its use and with age. This reduction in the value is essential to be computed to arrive at exact estimate of current worth of the asset. Numbers of methods to compute depreciation are available. It is required to make appropriate choice of method and arrive at optimum cost of depreciation and value in turn. This can be achieved by comparing the available methods. The present study attempts to analyze applicability of available methods and compares their advantages and disadvantages.


Associated with each bounded convex set K in n-dimensional euclidean space En is a point s(K) known as its Steiner point. First considered by Steiner in 1840 (6, p. 99) in connection with an extremal problem for convex regions, this point has been found useful in some recent investigations (for example, 4) because of the linearity property 1 Addition on the left is vector addition of convex sets.


The utility model relates to a fastening device of a transformer iron core, in particular to a fastening device of a transformer D-typed iron core. Aiming at above problems, the utility model provides a fastening device of a D-typed iron core which not only resolves of unsafe hidden trouble of loose iron core ground strips, but also can inhibit product noise. The fastening device of the D-typed iron core comprises a supporting plate (1) and an iron core (5), and is characterized in that a thread hole (2) is arranged on the supporting plate (1), a fastening piece (3) is arranged on the thread hole (2), and a step-layered pressed wood (4) is arranged between the supporting plate (1) and the iron core (5). By utilizing the above technical scheme, the fastening device of the D-typed iron core resolves problems of unsafe hidden troubles of the loose ground strips inserted on the top yoke iron core, and noise increase of products caused by loosely clamping of the top yoke iron core.


The Hon Justice Catherine Branson at her farewell ceremony spoke on the topic of the administration of civil justice. According to her efficient and effective case management is dependent in significant ways on the co-operative frankness of legal practitioners with the court.


As an important means of internal control of nationalized enterprise, ensuring the securety of nationlized captical and in-creasing its in value, and supervising and improving the truthfulness of accounting information, system of accounting appointment has been experienced widely and spreaded actively in our country. This article will dislluss about system of accounting appointment, so as to strengthen the understanding to it.


This study is being conducted to evaluate the effects of Phase Change Materials (PCM) on thermal comfort in buildings in Reunion Island. Experimental and numerical approaches are used to determine the criteria for the integration of bio-based PCM. A full-scale platform is divided into two rooms, where a layer of PCM is applied to one surface of the test room. Results show that the application of PCM delays the temperature rises and its maximum is reduced by up to 4 degrees. Finally, the experimental results are compared to those of a Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTS) program to evaluate the ability of such programs to predict the thermal behavior of the building with and without PCM.


In this thesis, we study practical aspects of the design and implementation of high-speed infrared links for wireless indoor data networks. We begin by examining an experimental non-directed optical link for short-range, indoor data transmission at 50 Mb/s. The system uses on-off keying (OOK) with decision feedback equalization, and achieves low bit-error rates in the presence of intersymbol interference, background light noise, and shadowing, with a range of 2.9 m in a skylit room. The system and its components are characterized, and compared to theory. We also examine systems of fixed channel reuse for base stations in an indoor infrared wireless communication system. The following techniques are compared: time-division multiple access (TDMA) using OOK or pulse-position modulation (PPM), frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) or quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and code-division multiple access (CDMA) using OOK with direct-sequence spreading by m-sequences or optical orthogonal codes (OOCs). We define a parameter $\gamma$, the signal-to-noise ratio for unit optical path gain, which is proportional to the square of the transmitted average optical power. Using measured path-loss data, it is found that, in a system using hexagonal cells and a reuse factor of three, for cell radii above 3 m, TDMA with OOK or 2-PPM, and CDMA using OOCs, all require approximately the same $\gamma$ to achieve a worst-case BER of 10$\sp{-9}$ within a cell. TDMA with 4-PPM results in a 6-dB decrease in the required value of $\gamma$. All other systems require an increase in $\gamma$ of at least 5 dB over TDMA using OOK. In the noise-limited regime, the required value of $\gamma$ decreases in inverse proportion to $N\sp2$ for TDMA schemes, and inversely with N for FDMA and CDMA schemes. For cell radii below 3 m, cochannel interference dominates the systems using TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA with an OOC, resulting in an irreducible BER above 10$\sp{-9}$ at cell radii below 1.5 m. CDMA with m-sequences does not develop an irreducible BER, making it the only choice for cell radii below 1.5 m.


Motivated by the effectual use of temporal information in speech recognition, we investigate the effectiveness of the temporal dynamics of the spectral sub-band centroid (SSC) fingerprints for audio fingerprinting. The SSC, which is known to be a robust audio fingerprint against various distortions, does not involve any temporal dynamics. Here, the temporal dynamics are defined as the difference between two neighboring SSCs. The robustness of the temporal dynamics against various distortions were compared to that of SSCs. The system using temporal dynamics showed similar performance to that using SSCs in various distortions except for time-scale modification and linear-speed change. This is to be expected since these distortions change the time correlation of an audio. In our experiment, the concatenation of SSCs and the temporal dynamics outperformed each of the individual fingerprints. This suggests that the SSCs and the temporal dynamics provide information which is mutually supplementary.


Typically, the sublethal effects of exposure to environmental contaminants are assessed by measuring the responses of one, or few, biochemical or physiological systems within organisms. An individual's survival potential, however, is determined by the integrated phenotypic response of all its systems working in concert. This concept is illustrated here by reviewing the repertoire of responses at several levels of organization (from the molecular to the behavioural) available to the common shore crab,Carcinus maenas(L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda), during exposure to water-borne copper. Behavioural responses may include avoidance reactions, changes in feeding and mating behaviour, as well as altered locomotory activity. Physiological responses are manifest as alterations in iono- and osmoregulation, circulation and respiration. Cellular responses are reflected in ultrastructural changes, lysosomal alterations, induction of metallothionein and stress proteins, and alterations in the activity of enzymes. Particular attention is focused on the integrated response of the gill since it represents the primary target for water-borne contaminants. It is concluded that to gain a holistic view of the impact of chemical exposure on organisms, the simultaneous measurement of numerous biological variables in a multi-system approach is required. This permits the determination of intra- and inter-specific variability in the repertoire of responses of organisms to chemicals (and other stressors), enabling potential impacts on populations and communities to be better assessed.


EXAMPLES General stress test for a non-contact memory input / output (I / O) interface. Embodiments of the memory device comprises elements coupled to the system dynamic random access memory (DRAM), the system element comprising: a memory connected to the DRAM interface, the interface including a driver and a receiver; memory controller for controlling the DRAM ; and timing stress testing logic for testing the I / O interface.


The subject of the study is to establish the relationship between the cognitive properties of persons authorized to accept legally significant decisions and the results of their activities. The possibility of measuring the instantaneous level of intuitive abilities in representatives of legal professions has been empirically proven. The authors consider in detail the possibilities of using digital tools to create tools that allow quantifying the level of physical intuition in various focus groups. The target audience was employees of the investigative committee, lawyers and civil servants of the supervisory authority. Special attention is paid to the identification of indicators - criteria of intuition, depending on the direction of activity, work experience and gender identity of respondents, determining the result of a legal decision made by the subjects of professional activity. The main conclusion of the authors is the necessity and possibility of developing a program for measuring intuition and testing it among officials who make legally significant decisions, which made it possible to establish the influence of cognitive abilities on the result of this activity, determine the mechanism of intuition, predict the effectiveness of legal decisions. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the development of digital tools (on the example of databases), which forms the basis of empirical testing of theoretical hypotheses that the quantitative measurement of the average level of instant intuitive abilities using digital technologies is important in assessing the adoption of a legally significant decision. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the lack of scientific and evidentiary developments devoted to the study of intuition and the mechanism of its influence on the subjects of legal activity.


ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: Objective: To identify the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its sensitivity to various antibiotics in patients of chronic suppurative otitis media. Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of ENT, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan from January 2011 to October 2011. Patients with unilateral or bilateral active chronic suppurative otitis media attending the out patient clinic were included in the study. All the patients were evaluated through detailed history and clinical examination. Pus samples were collected from the discharging ears and sent to the Microbiology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan for culture and sensitivity studies. Results: Results: Results: Results: Results: From the clinical specimens of 220 patients enrolled in the study, microbiological culture was yielded from 198(90%) specimens. Out of total 198 cultured isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 96/198(43.65%) cases. Drug sensitivities pattern showed that tazocin (piperacillin/tazobactum) had highest sensitivity 96 (100%) while gentamicin had lowest sensitivity 48 (50%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Conclusion:


Three equations as rendered are tautologous and six are not tautologous, with three of those as contradictions. The definition of Being-for-itself in so called State 3 is a contradiction. Subsequently the main results for Stages 4, 5, and 6 are not tautologous. We conclude that this refutes Hegel's dialectical method, and in only one variable.


For the frequency response analysis of acoustic field with random and interval parameters, a nonintrusive uncertain analysis method named Polynomial Chaos Response Surface (PCRS) method is proposed. In the proposed method, the polynomial chaos expansion method is employed to deal with the random parameters, and the response surface method is used to handle the interval parameters. The PCRS method does not require efforts to modify model equations due to its nonintrusive characteristic. By means of the PCRS combined with the existing interval analysis method, the lower and upper bounds of expectation, variance, and probability density function of the frequency response can be efficiently evaluated. Two numerical examples are conducted to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach. The results show that the PCRS method is more efficient compared to the direct Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method based on the original numerical model without causing significant loss of accuracy.


Konkan tractor mounted elevator is a semiautomatic harvesting mechanism recommended for harvesting mango and coconut orchards upto 12 m to 14 m tree height by Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist:- Ratnagiri:- 415712. The mechanism is developed with financial support of Coconut Development Board, Ministry of Agriculture Government of India. The stability analysis of KONKAN Tractor Mounted Hydraulic Elevator was carried out to see the stability of elevator at various load condition and angles. The objective of undertaking this study was to increase stability of the proposed machine and avoid the overturning of the elevator bucket at maximum load and at maximum reach position. The results of stability analysis were considered while the design, development and fabrication of refined tractor mounted hydraulic elevator for coconut harvesting. The stability analysis of tractor mounted hydraulic elevator was carried out by using digital weighing bridge with capacity of 60 tonnes having conn...


Mine chemical polymer known for its high quality,efficient characteristics can be uesd to consolidate coal and rock in solving the mining face sinking and the roof safeguard,the roadway reinforcement and the surrounding rock solidification under the unfavorable geological conditions.Emphasize the characteristic and performance of mine polyurethane,also introduce its development progress at home and abroad.Provide some corresponding improvement measures after analyzing its disadvantage.


Nonlinear effects occurring on the propagation of supersonic waves in a superconductor are considered. A kinetic equation for quasi-particle excitations in the field of a strong sound wave is derived by a technique similar to the Keldysh technique. It is shown that for long-wave sound (the wavelength of which is much greater than the electron mean free path) the nonlinearity parameter is the ratio of the characteristic electron-wave interaction energy to the Fermi energy. In the case of shortwave sound momentum nonlinearity occurs which is similar to that known for a normal metal and which is due to capture of part of the excitations by the sound wave field. Allowance for this mechanism may be important, in particular, in studies of the gap anisotropy by acoustic methods. A specific nonlinear effect is considered which is manifest in the appearance of a phase gradient-of the order parameter near the sample in which intense sound is propagating. The possibility of observing the effect is appraised. (auth)


Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices were adapted to a tactual format, thus making possible the insightful solution of the test items without the use of vision. In order to determine the validity of this test as a measure of intelligence in blind children, tactual Progressive Matrices scores of 115 blind students were correlated with WISC Verbal Scale IQ scores, academic achievement, and chronological age. Subjects ranged from 6 to 15 years of age, and all had a 99 per cent or greater loss of visual efficiency. The tactual test correlated with validity criteria in a positive and significant manner. Kuder-Richardson reliability of the tactual Progressive Matrices was found to be adequate in children age 9 years and older. It was concluded that this test shows promise as a non-verbal intelligence test for the child of 9–15 years of age, but that further development is necessary before it can be considered a useful supplement to the standard tests used with the blind.


Increasing the yield and nutritional value of faba beans is one of the main objectives of the common bean cultivar improvement programs due to its contribution to terminate protein deficiency malnutrition in developing countries and raising the income level of smallholder farmers. In this study, the technological quality of bean seeds from twenty-four genotypes were evaluated (twenty germplasm and four improved cultivars (Misr 1, Giza 429, Giza 716, Giza 843). The results showed a significant diversity in the Egyptian bean germplasm in their quality traits compared to the control cultivars and indicated that the genotypes had a high hydration coefficient that ranged between (98.6-112.4%). While most of the genotypes for cotyledons to hull ratio met the commercial criteria that ranged between (7.41-6.41%). Twenty genotypes had the highest total soluble solids (6.90-11.78%) and were superior to the control cultivars. The seeds chemical composition analysis showed that the genotypes differed in their composition such as protein (26.65 to 30.72 %.), carbohydrate (58.00 to 62.25%), tannin (70.67 to 157.45%), phenols (35.23-51.02 %), and moisture (9.15 to 10.45%).


Monodisperse ZnxCd1-xS spheres were successfully fabricated with a high yield by a facile hydrothermal route.The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy.The results indicate that all the prepared samples have the same hexagonal wurtzite phase and exhibit good size uniformity and regularity.Degradation of rhodamine-B(RhB) was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of ZnxCd1-xS samples.Zn0.4Cd0.6S possessed the best photocatalytic activity and exhibited high stability during the reaction.


seismic waves locations; ABSTRACT: This paper employs the notion of fragility to investigate the seismic vulnerability of bridges subjected to spatially varying support motions. Fragility curves are developed for four highway bridges in California with vastly different structural characteristics. The input in this analysis consists of simulated ground motion arrays with temporal and spectral nonstationarities, and consistent with prescribed spatial variation patterns. Structural damage is quantified through displacement ductility demands obtained from nonlinear time-history analysis. The potential use of the 'equal displacement' rule to approximately evaluate displacement demands from analysis of the equivalent linear systems is examined.


The present research work entitled "The Structure of Kokborok" is the descriptive study of Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Unakoti District (earlier known as North Tripura District) of Tripura state in Northeast India. Kokborok belongs to the Bodo-Garo (Benedict, 1972) group of Tibeto-Burman family of languages, and is spoken mainly in the state of Tripura and in some parts of Assam and Bangladesh. Kokborok is officially recognized language and it is taught in schools in the State of Tripura.


SS-AGR-320, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by Yoana Newman, Joao Vendramini, Lynn E. Sollenberger, and Ken Quesenberry, describes this warm-season perennial grass that is well adapted to flatwoods sites in Florida — history and released cultivars, yield, nutritive values, animal performance, planting, management, utilization, and insects and plant diseases. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, August 2009.
SS-AGR-320/AG330: Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima): Overview and Management (ufl.edu)


This study builds from LeClerc et al.'s (1989, 1994) work on foreign branding effects, but it does so in the context of a developing East European country; as in the case of Turkey. The purpose of this exploratory research is to examine consumers' attitudes towards products with foreign brand names and also to assess the impact of foreign brand names on the purchasing decision making. In the data collection phase of the study an in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 participants in the city of Ankara, Turkey. The results show that products with foreign brand names elicit more positive consumer attitude than products with national brands. Overall, the findings suggest that consumers prefer to purchase products with foreign brand names for a variety of reasons which including quality, reliability, functionality and prestige. The results have important implications for domestic and foreign manufacturers with regards to the consumer-side effects of their decisions on branding strategies and on their competitive foreign branding decisions.


Drug availability and dose information for children were assessed by detailed scrutiny of each drug entry in the Data Sheet Compendium 1978 and the British National Formulary 1976‐78, and by evaluation of data supplied by the manufacturers from which their dose recommendations were derived. The use of two‐thirds of the drugs is limited by disclaimers and inadequate dose information, and for most of the other drugs, the basis on which dose recommendations are made is inappropriate. The limited availability of drugs suggests that more studies on the clinical evaluation of drugs in children are urgently required, and that paediatric clinical pharmacology should be developed as a speciality in Britain.


In this article, the optimal attitude tracking control problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is investigated in the presence of actuator faults and uncertain perturbation. First, based on reinforcement learning and robust control theory, the robust learning-based optimal controller is designed. Then, according to the learning-based control strategy, the fault-tolerant control is further reconstructed to suppress the influence of actuator fault. Finally, the stability analysis based on Lyapunov is given to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. Simulation results verify the practicability of the designed controller.


| This study was conducted to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of levofloxacin in male rats. It was carried out on fifty four of the albino male rats, they were divided equally into three main groups and orally dosed levofloxacin and assigned as, the first group was dosed with the therapeutic dose 7.5mg/kg/bw, the second group was dosed with the double therapeutic dose 15mg/kg/bw, the third group was dosed with distilled water and became a control group. The three groups were divided into three subgroups equally according to dosing period of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 1 week after discontinuation of dosing. Collection of blood and scarification of group animals were done at the end of each period. The results showed, that there were no significant P>0.05 differences in both the micronuclei assay and in chromosomal aberration among the experimental groups, while the results of both nuclear division index and mitotic index showed, a significant P<0.05 decrease in their values in both dosed drug groups after the fourth week of the dosage compared to other treated periods and control group. The results of the comet assay showed, varying of results with significant P<0.05 decreases in both treated groups compared to the control group.We concluded that levofloxacin is a cytotoxic but not genotoxic agent.


ARTICLE INFO Thermosyphon are a great prospect towards cooling of high heat dissipating electronics. The implementation of a compact Thermosyphon for cooling of control panels is being presented in this paper. The Thermosyphon involves three components in a loop: an evaporator with a boiling enhancement structure, adiabatic section at the centre and condenser. Experiments will be done to assess the effects of working fluids and of system inclination on the performance of the Thermosyphon. The Thermosyphon selected for application is a one inch (25.4) mm diameter and 500 mm length designed to dissipate 65 to 80 watt from the application. The working fluid will be various ethanol – methanol mixture in 60-40%, 70 -30 % by volume. The method of testing being that the heat load be applied to the Thermosyphon by two band heater of 60 watt capacity and the condenser section being cooled by water jacket with coolant pump and flow control arrangement. The testing of the Thermosyphon in either case will be done orientation of the Thermosyphon at inclination of 0 0 , 30 0 , 45 0 respective to study the effect on heat transfer ability of the system. Expected outcome from the study is to and Effect of Mixture of Ethanol-Methanol as a Working Fluid on Heat Transfer so also the effect of angle of inclination of Thermosyphon on heat transfer ability (watt) in either cases of


A virtual organisation is a network of legally independent organisations and/or individuals that produces products and/or services based on a common business understanding. The characteristics of today's new, virtual organisation forms are that they are dynamic, networked, distributed, flexible, collaborative and innovative, and driven by information technology. Yet the challenge is to scientifically determine which organisation as a subject employs a virtual form and which not. The answer to this question is decidedly complex as most organisations have some virtuality elements that are more expressed than others. Therefore, it is usually only possible to determine how virtual a single organisation is in certain aspects. In this paper we investigate and present all published virtual organisation models that are publicly available in world literature. As none of the available models proved to be applicable for the research into virtual organisations we would like to conduct, we decided to develop a new model for assessing an organisation's virtuality. The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with the design of the new model, which is the framework for our ongoing research.


© 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Fereshte Soltani and S.Mahdi S.Kolbadi., Investigating the Relationship between Frustration about the Gap between Current and Desired Situation with the Desire to Override the Law and Anti-Socialism. Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(13), 824-832, 2014 INTRODUCTION Lack of cooperation and aggression to the rights of others in our community, in many cases is the effect of failure. Nowadays our people face with political, social and economic failures and other types of failures more than ever. Aggression can be considered as an inner desire and relish to rape, assault and destroy people or things and failure is the mood that occurs in us when we encounter an obstacle in fulfilling our goals or needs. The reaction which is often caused by failure is aggression [5]. American sociologist Merton in analyzing of crime problems and distortions proposed the famous theory of Social Structure and anomalies in 1963 offered [4] that is not irrelevant to the theory of frustration-aggression. Merton seeks to prove the assumption that social construction exerts pressure on individuals to conform people with the society but this pressure acts toward incorforming rather than conforming and in this situation the deviant behavior of individuals and groups increases, not because of instinctive tendencies but because of Natural human response to social conditions to social conditions. Cultural construction of society place people in front of the unit objectives and codifies some rules for achieving these goals as legitimate rules, but since legitimate means are not equally available to all, this will cause failure and despair among people and can cause deviant behaviors [3].In fact, each person according to magnified social advantages in the community, visualize favorable conditions for himself. Also, this person has an idea of his current situation. Nothing will go wrong, as long as a person considers the ways to achieve his 825 Fereshte Soltani and S.Mahdi S.Kolbadi, 2014 Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13) August 2014, Pages: 824-832 optimum ready and but if he does not think so and blames someone else for this deprivation a challenge will start between he and society. Michelle Asbestos in employing the term 'loser' means the same when he says: as long as people are satisfied with the realization of their objectives through social accepted means, balance exists between these two aspects of social reality. But when there is no proportion between ends and means, in the case of no moral or ideological obstacle on the way to balance the legitimate demands of the people, those who see themselves as the permanent 'loser' of this social game can attack the rules of the game. This study aims to evaluate frustration level in individuals and its impact on the willingness of individuals to override the law and anti-socialism on one hand and hope for the future on the other hand. This study examines the following four hypotheses: •There is a relationship between the gap of current and desired situation and tendency to override the law. •There is a relationship between getting frustrated about the gap between current and desired situation, stance toward society and way of communication with people. •There is a relationship between getting frustrated about the gap between current and desired situation and hope for the future. •There is a relationship between hope for the future and tendency to override the law. Methodology: The statistical sample consisted of 400 men and women living in Gorgan, Iran in 2013 and multi-stage sampling method was used in which the population are selected according to the hierarchy (the larger units to smaller) from a variety of units [2]. So from among 61 districts of the city, 20 were selected randomly in different parts of the city to cover the geographical location and style of living. In each district different blocks were identified and in each block some houses were selected randomly. Using Cochran's formula, the number of samples was set as 380 people. To increase the reliability and reduce the sampling error, the number was increased to 400. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The individual evaluation of the gap between the current and desired situation: The individual evaluation of the gap between the current and desired situation was assessed through the asking the first question of the Table (1) that where respondents find gap between whatever they are and whatever they wanted to be. The results are given in Table (1): Table 1: the frequency distribution of gap between current and desired situation variable. Very much Much Somewhat Little Very little None Amount Item P er ce n t


This paper focuses upon the links between trade and the environment, and the use of trade policies to address environmental degradation. The relation between international trade and the environment cannot be adequately understood in terms of a simple analysis of when trade measures should or should not be used to deal with environmental problems. A range of other underlying issues must also be considered. This paper provides a brief overview of several of these issues, based on the papers that were prepared for this volume. In addition to the papers themselves, the material presented here draws on discussants' comments and the proceedings of the World Bank's trade and environment symposium. The discussion in this paper is organized around six thematic headings. The first of these covers trade and environmental policy links. The sections that follow analyze the relationship of environmental quality to: industrial location, competitiveness, economic growth and trade liberalization, the political economy of environmental policy making, and international cooperation on the environment. The thematic headings help to order the wide range of issues that are relevant to the relationship between trade and environment, although it will be obvious from the discussion that all these issues are closely linked.


State-of-the-art microscopes cost thousands of dollars, posing challenges to third world hospitals and secondary schools. Additionally, there is a growing problem of "e-Waste", where consumers throw away old pieces of technology to buy newer models. The rare, valuable, and hazardous materials used in those technological devices pollute the environment when thrown in landfills, and could cause harmful effects on human, plant, and animal health. The overall goal of this project was to up-cycle old computer parts to make a cheap, open source microscope to address these issues. Optical drives are designed to be very precise, in order to "read" data from very small spaces on CDs/DVDs. There is an objective lens to change the angle of the laser, and a very precise stepper motor to slowly change the position of the laser assembly to read different parts of the CD/DVD. These principles were applied to modern microscopy in order to construct a microscope for a couple hundred dollars, as opposed to thousands. Such a prototype is being constructed, and samples will be placed to view magnified images to test the viability of the microscope. After completion, all instructions and software will be uploaded to GitHub for cloning and open use. This will allow for greater access to microscopy for students and for those in developing countries.


The standard operation of the General Internet Signaling Transport
(GIST) Protocol uses a path-coupled message routing method (PC-MRM) to
find nodes interested in signaling message exchanges. This
specification proposes an Explicit Signaling Target Message Routing
Method (EST-MRM) to allow for transmission of signaling messages to
explicit targets. While the PC-MRM implicitly addresses signaling
nodes by an interception method, the EST-MRM allows to explicitly
address signaling nodes.


PURPOSE: Space-time processing for multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication systems is provided to process signals to be transmitted from various antenna in order to improving the capability of a receiver that extracts these transmitting signals from the received signals, regardless of some correlation in a MIMO system. CONSTITUTION: The number of bit streams that is transmitted simultaneously is adjusted, e.g., reduced, depending on the level of correlation, while multiple versions of each bit stream, variously weighted, are transmitted simultaneously. The variously weighted versions are combined to produced one combined weighted signal. The receiver processes the received signals in the same manner as it would have had all the signals reaching the receive antennas been uncorrelated. The weight vectors may be determined by the forward channel transmitter using the channel properties of the forward link which are made known to the transmitter of the forward link by being transmitted from the receiver of the forward link by the transmitter of the reverse link or the weight vectors may be determined by the forward channel transmitter using the channel properties of the forward link and the determined weight vectors are made known to the transmitter of the forward link by being transmitted from the receiver of the forward link by the transmitter of the reverse link. The channel properties used to determine the weight vectors may include the channel response from the transmitter to the receiver and the covariance matrix of noise and interference measured at the receiver.


Provide an advanced noise estimation method. The noise estimation method comprising: calculating motion compensation information of the input picture at a first resolution; calculating motion compensation information of the input picture at a second resolution; and, based on the first resolution and the motion compensation information motion compensation information at the second resolution, estimating the noise input screen.


Wireless communication has occupied the vast area of research in 21st century and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been emerged as one of its superlative outcomes. Accurate deployment of sensor nodes and Base Station (BS) is one of the obligatory factors for efficient wireless communication in WSN. This paper proposes a Java® based desktop application tool for simulating and visualizing the behavior of the sensor network concurrently. This tool allows user to personalize various system parameters like number of sensor nodes, area of deployment, nature of node placement, positioning of base station, etc. by their own choice. This simulator is embedded with some Energy Efficient Routing Algorithms (EERAs) for enhancement of its effectiveness. Users can examine their own networks using EERA and judge its effectiveness. This tool has been designed for general purpose applications where all parameters are customizable and independent of application. Users can bias the simulator in an uncomplicated way prior to the starting of the simulation in accordance to the application demand. Visualization of data-link, high customizability and short initial setup time are the key features of this application.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: invention deals with devices based on organic light diodes. The concept of the invention is as follows: a device on organic light diodes comprises a substrate, the first electrode, arranged above the head, an organic layer arranged above the specified first electrode, including the first area comprising an organic radiating material, and the second area comprising a transparent material, the refraction ratio of which is less than the coefficient of substrate refraction, at the same time the specified second area adjoins the specified first area in the direction parallel to the specified first electrode, and the second electrode located above the specified organic layer. EFFECT: invention provides for increasing efficiency of light release in devices based on organic light diodes. 15 cl, 21 dwg


Abstract It is of special interest in connection with the structure of rubber as well as that of all natural products of high molecular weight that two basically different viewpoints exist, and that both have been supported by experimental investigations. Both these concepts concerning the constitution of rubber are discussed in the following paper. I. The Constitution of Rubber According to Pummerer Pummerer defends the correctness of the basic concept of Harries "that a parent rubber hydrocarbon exists, which as a result of some condition tends to association and as a result gives the impression of a rubber of gigantic molecular weight. The question of whether this point of view is justified is of the greatest interest to colloid chemistry. The tendency to association may depend upon various factors, for example, upon the state of saturation, upon the size, or even upon the form of the molecules". Pummerer expresses similar ideas, as does Bergmann about the constitution of polysaccharides and albumins. ...


The bit-split sort is a new sorting algorithm. In order to make students better understand the algorithm, this paper, using the advantages of the powerful graphical interfaces provided by C++ Language, designs and realization dynamic demonstration program of bit -split sorting algorithm. Program learners will better understand the principles and the implementation of the sorting algorithm.


Screening ultrasound paired with mammography improved breast cancer detection in high-risk women, but the combination also caused a spike in the number of false positives, according to an update to the American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6666 trial. These results may render ultrasound less attractive than MRI in this patient population.


This paper aims to develop an operational concept and requirements for initial en route Free Flight using a simulation model of the Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center. The results of simulation studies of proposed implementation concepts are summarised and infrastructure requirements to transition from the current ATC system to mature Free Flight are specified. The transition path to Free Flight envisioned in this paper assumes an orderly development of technologies based on requirements derived from these studies. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology and initial results in deriving airborne and ground-based requirements for cooperative development of the future Air Traffic Control system.


A communication apparatus comprising: a transcoder for receiving and transmitting communication signals, the transcoder being connected to a packet-based configured to deliver and receive the communication signals to and from the transcoder network; and wherein the transcoder includes: one or more voice processors that encode and decode the communication signals; and a control processor configured to control access of the one or more voice processors to the packet based scheme according to a selective queuing network.


Abstract : This project was concerned with the use and further development of the "linear sampling method" for determining the support of an anomaly in a piecewise constant background medium from measured electromagnetic scattering data. The main accomplishments were: (1) the development of the mathematical theory of the linear sampling method for Maxwell's equations in the three-dimensional anisotropic media; and (2) the numerical implementation of the linear sampling method for a three-dimensional scalar problem of locating buried orthotropic objects in the earth.


A 25-year-old woman was presented with
vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain
commencing 2 days after intrauterine device (IUD)
insertion who gave a vaginal birth to her third child
37 days ago. Uterine perforation was detected during
laparoscopic surgery and IUD device was extracted
from the abdominal cavity.


The configuration,control mode and control algorithm for the molten steel level control system,which uses Co60 as a(radioactivitive) resource,for the CSP continuous casting mould at Zhujiang Steel Co.are described in the article.


Frequency synthesizer is an important part in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). With rapid development of micro electronics technology, Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) becomes possible. Application of DDS to NMR spectroscopy has been successful, but it is generally limited to low frequency range. In order to solve the difficulty, we studied and designed a frequency synthesizer, which involves multiple DDS chips running in parallel.


Secretary General Jiang Ze-min puts forwards the important theory of "Governing the country with ethics", which advances the ethics construction to a new height as the strategy of governing the country, and also furthers the enrichment and deepness of Socialism ethics construction.Therefore, implementing the important theory of "Governing the country with ethics" is the inner requirement of the ideology and ethics construction of the students in colleges and universities in the new era, staffs engaging in the construction of ideology and ethics should take great efforts in seeking after the new ways of the ideology and ethics construction of the students in colleges and universities.


1Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Piacenza, Italy; 2Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, and Centre for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; 4Imperial College London, London, UK; 5Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; 6Monash University, Sydney, Australia; and 7University of Warwick, Coventry, UK


A review of the studies on the nature of literature and the arts in the first decade of the new millennium reveals that the methodology has shifted from dogmatism to pluralism.Chinese scholars have also raised certain basic questions in order to figure out explicit answers,which include the correlation between arts and cognition,morality,ideology and culture,and political background.Similarly,the famous American philosopher Kendall Walton has also attended to the issues regarding the nature of literature and the arts and proposed his Three Principles for Aesthetics to address speech Aesthetics-What,Why and Wherefore.The principles are helpful for the improvement and promotion of the studies on the nature of literature and the arts in China.


The effects of extrusion temperature and post extrusion holding time, microwave heating, and gamma irradiation on antioxidants and lipid composition in rice bran were studied. Post extrusion holding time had no apparent effect on rice bran stability. Increased holding times reduced (p < 0.05) total vitamin E. Oryzanol concentration was lower (p < 0.05) only with 6 min holding time. Inactivation of lipolytic enzymes was obtained by extrusion temperatures of 120, 130, and 140°C. Increased extrusion temperatures reduced the retention of vitamin E and oryzanol during storage. An extrusion temperature of 110°C provided the highest retention of vitamin E and oryzanol during storage although FFA level was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the other extrusion temperatures from 105 to 375 days. There were no significant (p > 0.05) decreases in individual vitamin E vitamers until 4 min microwave heating. After 8 min heating, individual E vitamers decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with exposure time. There was no significant increase (p > 0.05) in FFA level by 24 weeks of storage with microwave heating for 12 min. Microwave heating for 4, 8, and 12 min did not provided adequate inactivation of lipolytic enzymes. Total vitamin E loss was between 7 and 37% during microwave heating and a further 75-80% reduction occurred during storage.


Introduction of automatic fare collection (AFC) system allows vehicles to travel smoothly and brings benefits such as traffic jam relief, automotive exhaust gas suppression, and energy conservation. On toll roads in the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, traffic jams are chronic during the morning and evening rush hours. To solve the problem, the introduction of an AFC system has been planned. A 2-month trial operation of the AFC system developed and manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was carried out for the North Klang Valley Expressway, which is a part of the main expressway running through Malaysia. On the North Klang Valley Expressway, tolls are applied by means of a closed system, with the toll fare calculated according to length of section vehicle has traveled (from entry to exit). For this trial operation, one set of AFC equipment was installed on both the entry and exit lanes at the Subang toll plaza and the Jalan Duta toll plaza. A read/write type electronic tag was applied with prepaid credits. The toll fare is deducted from the prepaid credits in the memory of the electronic tag. The tags were distributed to 1,800 normal users. The service time for non-AFC vehicles and for AFC vehicles was measured at the exit lane to evaluate the reduction of traffic congestion due to the AFC system introduction. This report presents a technical outline of the system and the abilities of the AFC system.


A number of system applications at millimeter wavelengths have low local oscillator (LO) power requirements in addition to good noise performance. For instance, the replacement of Klystrons by a combination of solid state sources plus frequency multipliers at millimeter wavelengths has a strict LO power requirement. The barrier height φBis the important diode parameter in that it determines the local oscillator power required to bias the Schottky diode into its non-linear region. Schottky barriers to InP exhibit a low barrier due to the fact that the Fermi level is not pinned in the center of the energy gap. However, the development of reliable Schottky barriers to InP has been hampered by the large leakage current Schottky barriers to InP have exhibited. In the present paper, we report on a low barrier height, low leakage current Schottky barrier to InP. The InP Schottky barrier diodes fabricated have exhibited low noise figure at 36 and 94 GHz and require exceptionally low local oscillator power. The metallization scheme consisted of TiW sputtered at 200 W rf power. These diodes were processed with a 5 µm diameter active area on n-n+InP layers. At 36 GHz a noise figure of 6.5-7.0 dB resulted at LO power of .5 mW. At 94 GHz the noise figure of 8.0 dB required a LO power of only 0.75 mW.


We use pulsed-laser irradiated plasmonic substrates to deliver membrane impermeable macromolecules to HeLa cells with 80% efficiency and 90% viability.


In a new series of articles, Dr Stephanie Thornton tackles the mental health crisis, with a focus on practical steps schools can take to support pupils. Here, she discusses the scale of the problems and the reasons behind them


How to design a streetlight energy-saving device by single chip computer is introduced technology.It detects the operation of the street lamps by ATT7028 chip through controlling the stalls of different voltage at quarter-hour in a certain area to complete a street lamp voltage of intelligent control in full consideration of fluctuations in voltage power grid.It gives consideration to the energy-saving effect in the low power consumption in the premise of the street lamps′normal lighting.Energy-saving effect of the system is also analyzed.At the same time,the lights are connected to the control room and the intelligent management is realized by carrier-current devices.


Since urban society is a dynamic, complex, and uncertain system, it cannot be expected to be planned with a purely rational approach and based on linear processes. In this research, urban planning scenarios in the municipality have been investigated. The purpose of this research is practical and survival. Also, the scope of the present analysis includes 68 municipalities of Tehran and Alborz provinces. In the present study, firstly, effective indicators of municipal planning were determined and then, using the DEMATEL method, the indicators were grouped into three groups of effective, impressible and two-side indicators. Finally, according to the determined indicators, the proposed scenarios were presented in four scenarios based on uncertainty in reliability, productivity, financial resources, information and cost


The Creation of the Stand for Calibration of Digital Images for their Further Vectorization In recent years there was a large technological and engineering revolution in the field of the digital photo that led to considerable improvement of quality of digital cameras and pictures. Improvement of quality of the image is combined with depreciation of cameras depending on the present prices of the special equipment applied in geodesy. As a result, we as engineers had an opportunity to use digital cameras as the geodetic measuring tool. Now, to increase the efficiency of surveying quality and geodetic shootings, it is necessary to use new methods and technologies of shootings and their processing. One of the most perspective methods is shooting with digital cameras, which allows to refuse expensive special devices. To study errors of optical systems, the analysis of research in this direction, theoretical justification of process of measurement, we created the stand for calibration of digital pictures (big plans of mining operations) by means of digital cameras for the purpose of their further vectorization.


The aim of this study is to assess the impact of capital structure on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and it considers variables Long term debt to Asset(LTD/TA),Short term debt to total Asset (STD/TA) and Total debt to total Asset (TD/TA) of capital structure and financial performance which was proxy by Return on Asset(ROA). The study sourced secondary data using a convenient sampling technique based on the availability of data as at the period of the study. These data were obtained from annual financial report of the five sampled Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria covering a period of 2009 -2018. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistic (i.e. mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistic (i.e. Pearson correlation and regression analysis). The results of the analysis reveals that STDTA (β= 0.936554, p 0.05) has insignificant positive impact on ROA. Therefore, the study summarily recommends that stakeholders of, deposit money banks in Nigeria should use more of short term debts portion of capital structure, the manner of utilizing the resources while expanding the banks and the amount of investment on fixed asset to the ratio of short term debt should be given keen considerations. On this note,  investors must pay more attention to the capital structure mix of DMBs  before investing in them.


Objective To discuss the effect of patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) after caesarean operation on secretion of breast milk and recovery of stomach and intestines function of the mothers.Methods One hundred mothers who have received Caesarean operations were evenly randomized into 2 groups:PCEA group and control group(regular intramuscular injection for analgesia).The milk secreting time,recovery of bowel sound,and anus exhaust time were observed and compared between the 2 groups.Results Milk secretion time was earlier in PCEA group than in the control group(P0.01);the bowel sound and anus exhaust time were similar between the 2 groups.Conclusion PCEA can promote the secretion of breast milk,which allows the babies to receive earlier breast feeding;meanwhile,PCEA has no influence on the recovery of the mothers' intestine functions.


Rail grinding is an essential measure for the maintenance of railway infrastructure, and the machined surface integrity of rail material plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, stability and service performance of the railway network. In this paper, an electroplated diamond grinding wheel was employed to re-profile the rail surface. Meanwhile, single-factor experiments on the form grinding of rail material were designed and carried out by virtue of the self-developed rail grinding platform under dry grinding condition based on proper machining parameters. The effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness, subsurface micro-hardness, plastic deformation, and surface morphology were investigated, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the surface roughness and subsurface micro-hardness increase with the increase of feed speed and grinding depth, while decrease with the increase of wheel peripheral speed. The thickness of subsurface plastic deformation layer and the degree of plastic flow increase with the increase of grinding depth, and the thickness of subsurface plastic deformation layer ranges from 7 μm to 14 μm with the change of grinding depth.