This study aimed to explore the value of attending Executive Master of Business Administration program, research subjects by Ling Tung University students of EMBA, the 31 students of EMBA using a semi-structured interview by a one-to-one in depth laddering interviews, apply means-end chain theory through grounded theory summarized attributes, consequences and value of EMBA studying. The results show that "Lifelong Learning" and "Course Executive" are most of the elements to consider for the attributes; major studying consequences is obtain "knowledge" and "physical and spiritual growth"; "Warm relationships with others", and "self- respect" are the main value goal. The correlation among attributes, consequences and value by biggest gains is "Lifelong Learning" to "physical and spiritual growth" accounted for 81.7%. Howere "benefits of interpersonal", "physical and spiritual growth", "self-ability" create value for the main learning outcomes, that "benefits of interpersonal" bring the value of "Warm relationships with others" ,accounting for 90.3%. EMBA students of different identity its main core value is a "warm relationship with others". The study provide the personnel as choosing a school's considerations based, and let the university meet the learning needs of executives to develop EMBA education direction of university.


Observations from 18 near-bottom pressure sensors and 8 current meter moorings provide a characterization of the barotropic tides over the North Carolina continental shelf between Chesapeake Bay and Cape Hatteras. The largest tidal constituents in this region are the M2 (sea level amplitude 47 cm), N2 (11 cm), and S2 (10 cm) semidiurnal tides and the K1/P1 (7 cm) and O1 (5 cm) diurnal tides. The barotropic tidal currents are small, less than 3 cm s21, except for the M2 current which reaches 10 cm s21 at mid shelf. Cross-shelf currents increase linearly from approximately zero near the coast to a maximum over the mid and outer shelf. Alongshelf currents are nonzero near the coast and increase to roughly twice the coastal value over the mid and outer shelf. While bottom friction is weak over most of the shelf, in water depths of less than 10 m bottom friction results in a rapid phase decrease toward the coast in the semidiurnal alongshelf velocities. This phase difference is not observed in the K1/P1 alongshelf flow, possibly because diurnal wind forcing causes an opposing phase increase toward the coast. Alongshelf variations in tidal amplitudes and phases near the coast are much larger than expected based on variations along the shelf break inferred from basin-scale altimeter estimates. The shelf width in this region increases from 25 to 100 km over an alongshelf distance of about 150 km. Results from an analytic, flat-bottom, two-dimensional model indicate that widening of the shelf toward the north causes the observed alongshelf increase in the semidiurnal amplitude and phase, but does not explain alongshelf variations in the weaker diurnal constituents.


SUMMARY Marketing is no longer a sporadic activity undertaken on an ad hoc basis, but rather has become an integral component of every library's day-to-day operations. This article provides an overview of basic marketing principles and then examines effective marketing strategies and promotional techniques in an academic environment. While viewed within the context of the law school setting, a majority of the marketing activities discussed are equally applicable in other types of law libraries.


The road novel is inspired by the picaresque novel and the Bildungsroman. However, the German researcher Špela Virant notes that instead of contributing to the building of the protagonist's identity, the road novel which emerges in the postmodern era rather encourages the dissolution of the subject's identity. This can also be seen in the novel Par les routes by Sylvain Prudhomme. Here, tough, we are concerned with the progression of the subject's dissolution, focusing mainly on the factors that play a fundamental role in it. Our purpose is therefore to portray the dissolution of the hitchhiker's identity throughout the novel. The analysis showed that the road, the car and hitchhiking as well as the touristic character of the hitchhiker's travels are responsible for the dissolution of his identity. Hence, our analysis supports Virant's observation concerning the deconstructive character of the road novel.


The synthesis, characterization, and mesomorphic properties of a series of homologue compounds 1 derived from salicylaldehydes are reported. These compounds were characterized by 1 H, 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The phase behavior of these mesogenic compounds was characterized and studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarization optical microscope. All compounds 1 were found to be mesogenic, and the mesophases were dependent of the carbon length of the spacer group. The results indicated that all compounds with an even-carbon spacer (m = 2, 4, 6, 8) exhibited smectic C phases; however, all other compounds with an odd-spacer (m = 3, 5, 7) formed banana phases. The difference in phase behavior was attributed to the dependence of the molecular shape and/or geometry on the parity of the central spacer when considered in the all-trans-conformation. The formation of the mesophases was related to the optimized conformation of the compounds. The most stable optimized geometry was also simulated by the semi-empirical Spartan '04 version 1.0.0/AM1 method.


The aim of research reported in this paper was to design and manufacture in laboratory and semi-industrial conditions new classes of maraging and bainitic steels and to evaluate their ballistic performance by firing tests. Super-clean high-strength new generation maraging steels and high-carbon bainitic steels are intended for construction of composite armours protecting against piercing with small-calibre armour-piercing (AP) projectiles. Three grades of maraging steel with various strength and toughness level depending on applied heat treatment parameters and three grades of bainitic steel with microstructure consisting of carbides free nanolaths after various heat treatments were used for testing their protection ability. Effects of the tests of perpendicular firing with 12.7 mm armour-piercing incendiary projectiles of B-32 type at maraging and bainitic steel plates placed on RHA armour "witness" plate are presented in the paper. The results of investigations show that maraging and bainitic steels of hardness above 48 HRC and suitable microstructure could be used for construction of composite armours. Further research should be oriented towards improvements in production technology of new generation maraging and bainitic steel plates to increase their toughness at high hardness above 48 HRC.


In this paper, a feature extraction method called kernel Fisher's emotion pattern (KFEP) based on the kernel Fisher's discriminant analysis and spectral powers of multiple EEG rhythms is proposed for emotion recognition. An emotion-induction paradigm is designed for emotional EEG data collection, where a set of pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) are used as the emotion induction stimuli. Experimental results indicate that the KFEP feature performs better than the commonly used spectral power features. Our proposed KFEP achieves high classification accuracies of valence (78.49%) and arousal (81.93%).


For the first time an ionic liquid is observed to be appreciably miscible in dense CO2, up to about 7 mass%. The solubility in CO2 is more than one order of magnitude higher than for alkanes of similar carbon number. The investigated P–T phase behavior of four isopleths for the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride in CO2 shows a concentration independence of the isopleths for the investigated compositions similar to the known phase behavior of organic compounds such as adamantane, octacosane and squalane in supercritical CO2 at high pressures. Overall, the results demonstrate that a single-phased ionic liquid–CO2 solvent system for chemical synthesis is conceivable.


We have derived an analytical solution in low frequency using the idea of a fractional Laplacian equation. Fractional dimensional (FD) space has importance in describing the complex physics phenomena. Here, the Laplacian equation in spherical coordinated (r,θ,0) is expressed in fractional dimensional space using Gegenbauer polynomials. The analytical solution is obtained by the separation variable method. The general solution is a product of angular and radial solutions and is independent of ϕ due to azimuthal symmetry. The classical solution is retained by setting fractional parameter α=3. Further, numerical results are discussed for different values of α and compared with available literature.


This study provides a better understanding of the dynamics of knowledge and expertise in the context of public companies' compensation committees (CCs), through a focus on CC members' cognitive limitations. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, we mobilize the concepts of reflexive thinking and functional stupidity (Alvesson and Spicer 2012) to document and analyze CC members' difficulties and/or unwillingness "to use cognitive and reflective capacities in anything other than narrow and circumspect ways" (Alvesson and Spicer, 2012: 1201). Overall, our findings indicate that CC members, although being firmly committed to knowledge development and problem solving, are disinclined to mobilize three key aspects of cognitive capacity (i.e., reflexivity, meaningful justification and substantive reasoning) in the design of remuneration policies. Our study also shows that these cognitive limitations are fuelled by a multidimensional exercise of power, which we conceive of as a form of "stupidity management" (Alvesson and Spicer 2012). The latter aims to limit CC members' meaningful communicative action by constraining disruptive thinking and preventing critical issues from impacting committees' agenda and deliberations – all of this in the name of aspirational yet superficial forms of decision-making leadership in the boardroom. Our analysis also highlights the central role of compensation consultants as "stupidity managers", involved in the orchestration of the constraining of committee members' mind. Significant implications of these findings for research and policy-making are discussed.


Studies have demonstrated that cell phone use while driving can increase the risk of an accident. Although cell phones have become an essential business tool, recent lawsuits highlight the potential liability of employers for damages caused by employees using cell phones while driving on company business. Two key dangers associated with driving and cell-phone use are first the driver must take their eyes off the road while dialing or text messaging and second a driver's ability to concentrate on driving is severely impaired because they are so absorbed in their conversation. If an employer provides cell phones to their employees, or cell phone use is a necessary part of a job, that employer may be liable for claims arising from their employees' use of cell phones while driving. Even if employees are not officially on company business, or not even making a business call, employers may still be held liable if an accident involves a cell phone provided by or permitted by the employer. Employers may want to consider some of the following policies regarding employee cell phone use while driving to protect them from liability: * Prohibit employees from using cell phones while driving in states or territories where restricted by law. * Where cellular telephone use while driving is permitted by law, employers may still choose to prohibit use of cell phones for business purposes or may choose to allow employees to use cell phones while driving but only under the following conditions: Cell phones must be arranged for "hands-free" operation Employees may not text while driving Employees must refrain from placing outgoing calls while driving Incoming calls should be kept brief and limited to business discussions * Company owned cell phones may carry a sticker or warning that the use of the phone while driving is dangerous and should only be done where legally permitted and only in an emergency. * Employers should maintain documentation and written acknowledgements of their company policy from employees when issuing cell phones. Although an employer with a strong cell phone policy will legally be in a better position than the employer who has no policy, having a policy will not guarantee a company protection from liability for the negligent conduct of its employees while using a cell phone. If you need assistance with drafting a policy, seek guidance from a risk management professional. Laura Rickman, CPCU is a senior consultant at Albert Risk Management Consultants, Needham, Mass.


For mobility and portability reasons, written communication devices are getting smaller and physical keyboards are replaced with virtual or on-screen one (PDA, pocket pc, GPS, etc.). Text entry has become a tiring job for people (ordinary and motor disabled people) because of the low entry speed. A list of predicted words can be presented to reduce the number of clicks to complete the word. However, these techniques present a disadvantage: consider the situation where the word the user wants to enter is not presented in the list. He has then to continue his writing manually. The prediction system narrows the possibilities in order to display the wanted word. In this paper we present a new interaction technique in which the user can select a substring of the word. The user clicks on any letter, and the substring to this letter is inserted in the text. We also present the experiments carried out to compare our system to the classical list.


Abstract A study of two long-lived Florida anvils showed that reflectivity >20 dBZ increased in area, thickness, and sometimes magnitude at the midlevel well downstream of the convective cores. In these same regions electric fields maintained strengths >10 kV m−1 for many tens of minutes and became quite uniform over tens of kilometers. Millimetric aggregates persisted at 9–10 km for extended times and distances. Aggregation of ice particles enhanced by the strong electric fields might have contributed to reflectivity growth in the early anvil, but is unlikely to explain observations farther out in the anvil. The enhanced reflectivity and existence of small, medium, and large ice particles far out into the anvil suggest that an updraft was acting, perhaps in weak convective cells formed by instability generated from the evaporation and melting of falling ice particles. It is concluded that charge separation must have occurred in these anvils, perhaps at the melting level but also at higher altitudes, in o...


FIELD: chemical industry; metallurgy industry; compositions for removal of corrosion products from the surfaces of the zinc-coated and cadmium plated carbon steel details. SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of the chemical treatment of the zinc-coated steel and the cadmium-plated steel details in the process of their reconditioning. The composition contains (in g/l): the hydrochloric acid - 50-100, urotropine - 40-50, the aminoacetic acid - 3-5, the mixture of polyethyleneglycol ethers of the highest fatty alcohols of the structural formula R-O (CH 2 CH 2 O) n H, where R - the residual of fatty alcohol, n - in the average is equal to 20, 0.5-1, silicon oxide - 150-200, the water - up to 1 l. The technical result of the invention is the simultaneous effective removal of the corrosion products of zinc-coated and cadmium-plated surfaces and the base metal - the carbon steel without etching of its surface, assurance of the satisfactory adhesion of the protective coatings at their reconditioning, the feasibility to use the composition for treatment of the large-size details. EFFECT: the invention ensures the simultaneous effective removal of the corrosion products of zinc-coated and cadmium-plated surfaces and the base metal - the carbon steel without its etching, assurance of the satisfactory adhesion of the protective coatings at their reconditioning, the feasibility to use the composition for treatment of the large-size details. 1 ex, 2 tbl


We present a new class of averaging lemmas directly motivated by the question of regularity for different nonlinear equations or variational problems which admit a kinetic formulation. In particular they improve the known regularity for systems like γ = 3 in isentropic gas dynamics or in some variational problems arising in thin micromagnetic films. They also allow to obtain directly the best known regularizing effect in multidimensional scalar conservation laws. The new ingredient here is to use velocity regularity for the solution to the transport equation under consideration. The method of proof is based on a decomposition of the density in Fourier space, combined with the K -method of real interpolation.


Publisher Summary Failure in compression of fiber composite laminates with an open hole is by the initiation and growth of a microbuckle from the edge of the hole. The geometric inhomogeneity induces fiber rotation under increasing applied load; deformation localizes within a band and a microbuckle is initiated. The microbuckle then propagates in a stable manner for 2–3 mm and the component fails at a higher load than the initiation load. This process in carbon-epoxy and carbon-PEEK laminates was compared to an equivalent crack containing cohesive stresses. It is a crack bridging analysis that predicts the size of the buckled region as a function of the applied load, with the local stress supported by the buckled fibers decreasing linearly with the closing displacement of the microbuckle. The model is able to predict successfully the effects of hole size and lay-up upon the compressive strength and has been incorporated into a user-friendly computer program. Tests had been performed to obtain both the laminate un-notched strength and the compressive energy release rate associated with fiber microbuckling, which are required as the model's input. From a design point of view, it is desirable to predict these laminate properties from the mechanical properties of the fibers and the matrix and from the lay-up geometry.


Carbene complexes of Fe0 and Os0 have been prepared by treating the appropriate carbonyl anions with 2-chloro-N,4-dirnethyl-1,3-thiazolium, 2-chloro-N-methylpyridinium, and 2-chloro-N-methylbenzo-1,3-thiazolium tetra-fluoroborates. Treatment of [M(CO)4{[graphic omitted]}](M = Fe or Os) with triphenylphosphine affords [M(CO)3(PPh3){[graphic omitted]}]. The osmium complexes [Os(CO)4{[graphic omitted]}] and [Os(CO)4{[graphic omitted]}] on protonation yield cationic species [OsH(CO)4{[graphic omitted]}]+ and [OsH(CO)4{[graphic omitted]}]+, respectively. Analogous methylosmium cationic complexes have been prepared by treating the neutral carbene complexes with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate.


Traditional fixed pricing mode limits the accepted number of users and traffic flows in networks. This results in low profits for operators. By applying appropriate pricing strategies, wireless radio resources can be utilized more adequately, and promising improvement of operation profits can be achieved. In this paper, a dynamic pricing strategy for delay tolerant service aggregation multicast in wireless networks is proposed. With this strategy, client behaviors are well adjusted by differentiation of prices, and the congestions in peak-traffic periods can be well relieved, leading to increments of operators' profits. Simulation results show that our proposed dynamic pricing scheme outperforms existing pricing schemes, with regard to service rejection rate and operation profits.


A coupling means (40) for releasably coupling with an eyepiece (14) of an endoscope (10) includes a plurality of retaining claws (42) which are arranged and formed to an edge in the holding position (15) an eyepiece (14) form-locking to maintain, and which are deflected from their holding positions, and a locking means (46) for positively holding the holding claws (42) in their holding positions. The locking device (46) has a thread (47) which engages with one end connected to the holding claws thread (44), so that rotation of the locking means (46) about a rotation axis (49) with a displacement of the locking means (46) relative to the holding claws (42) in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation (49) is associated.


Abstract Foreign language (FL) teachers, like most other teachers, are increasingly likely to experience conflict in their classrooms, which makes language teaching - an enormously complex process - yet more demanding. FL teachers need to know practical approaches to conflict prevention and resolution that are compatible with effective learning, but they often lack this knowledge, which necessarily affects their teaching quality and results. This often leads to teachers blaming students and to (even more) frustration on both sides. This article describes a 2 year project funded by the Austrian federal government in which FL teachers provide learning opportunities for difficult children which enable them to become action researchers in their lessons themselves, thus changing traditional patterns of teacher-pupil interaction. It stresses the importance of using ecosystemic methods that seek to include the pupils' perspectives, and discusses two examples of classroom action research modules that stem from this need.


High-dispersion spectra in the near-infrared region of the F-type star Procyon (a CMi, F5 IV-V) were obtained and the absorption lines of eight light elements, including phosphorus P and potassium K were analyzed with ATLAS9 model atmospheres. The LTE abundance was found to be solar for N, Mg, Al, Si, and P, which is consistent with previous studies in the visible region. However, two Cl lines, triplet lines of OI at A7771-5 A, and the resonance line of KI at A7699 A are fairly strong; their estimated LTE abundances are greater than the solar values by more than 0.2 dex. These discrepancies are discussed in terms of non-LTE line formation.


Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of topically applied fluoroquinolones for experimental Pseudomonas or Serratia keratitis. Methods. Bacteria were injected intrastromally (10 3 colony forming units [CFU]). From 16 to 22 hours post-infection (PI), a single topical drop of moxifloxacin (Vigamox ®, 0.545%), levofloxacin (Quixin™, 0.5%), ofloxacin (Ocuflox ®, 0.3%) or ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan ®, 0.3%) was applied every 30 minutes. At 23 hours PI, corneas were cultured quantitatively. Results. For Pseudomonas keratitis, untreated eyes contained 7 log CFU/cornea and antibiotic-treated eyes demonstrated a = 5-log reduction in CFU/cornea (p = 0.0001). Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin therapies were not significantly different from each other (p = 0.67). For Serratia keratitis, untreated eyes contained 7 log CFU/cornea whereas treated eyes had a = 2-log reduction (p = 0.0001). Moxifloxacin therapy proved most effective (p = 0.001). Conclusions. Overall, moxifloxacinwas the most effective of the four fluoroquinolones in reducing CFU/cornea in the rabbit model of Gram-negative keratitis.


Two experiments were conducted to test several questions regarding very young children's (6–24 months) learning (i.e., simple action imitation and word learning) from video. Specifically, this study tested the video deficit, which is the tendency for infants and toddlers to learn significantly more effectively from live information than they do when identical information is presented on a screen. First, the video deficit was explored using two different tasks. Overall, the pattern of results was similar for action imitation and word learning. Specifically, the video deficit was present for both simple action imitation and for word learning in the middle cohort, but not present for younger and older children. Second, there was some mitigation of the video deficit from seeing socially meaningful actors for action imitation; however for word learning the effect only approached significance. Third, repetition helped children learn words more effectively, especially for the youngest and oldest cohort; however, repetition did not help for simple task imitation.


In order to alleviate the narrowband interference (NBI) to ultra wideband (UWB) systems, we propose two non-linear UWB chirp waveforms based on the arctrigonometric and archyperbolic function in this paper. The proposed UWB pulses can obtain good performance in NBI suppression. Both of the two chirp pulses require only the time domain processing because of the inherent relationship between the frequency domain and the time domain. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the direct sequence pulse binary amplitude modulation (DS-BPAM) UWB systems with the proposed chirp waveforms can achieve excellent NBI suppression performance and outperform the linear chirp waveform based UWB system significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

(In this paper, we propose two novel non-linear chirp UWB waveforms, atan chirp and asinh chirp, based on the arctrigonometric and archyperbolic function. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed UWB waveforms in NBI suppression at any single frequency band.)


Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and affects 50% of patients with SLE. Racial differences in incidence and prevalence have been well documented worldwide. In Australia, higher incidence and prevalence of SLE had been previously reported in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Australians compared with non‐Indigenous Australians.


Many countries in the world begin to attach great importance to the utilization of the unconventional gas. In some areas, tight gas, Coalbed methane (CBM) and shale gas have came into commercial development. The unconventional gas resources are very abundant in China. They developed rapidly in recent years, and some progress has been made. CBM in Qinshui Basin has been commercially developed successfully. Shale gas resource is also very abundant and has a good development prospect. Besides, the gas hydrate has a great potential in resources.


It is with great sadness that I note the passing of Thomas Shuler Shaw, a member of our Editorial Board. A knowledgeable and indefatigable bibliographer, specialist in documents, author and reviewer, librarian and educator, he will be missed by the profession as a whole. We were made richer for his presence, by his ideas, his efforts and humanism, and—although the pace of life sometimes diminishes our immediate awareness of such virtues so unassumingly given—we were indeed fortunate that our lives coincided with his. I will personally miss him more than words can express. As I said so many times to Tom as we parted company at ALA Conferences, "Thank you for your time…. So long."


Through diagnostic test and questionnaire, this paper attempts to investigate the phonological competence of non-Eng-lish majors in military academy. The causes for weaknesses are further discussed and suggestions are also proposed for English pho-nological teaching.


Objective: The talus is the most proximal of the tarsal bones that establish the connection between the leg and foot, supporting the body weight and allowing it to be distributed distally. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the morphometric measurements of talus.
Methods: A total of 87 dry talus (51 left, 36 right) were examined. We have classified the tali according to their facets. In addition 16 parameters were measured including, anterior-posterior length (APL), transverse width (TW), sulcus tali length (STL), sulcus tali width (STW), sulcus tali depth (STD), trochlea length (TTL), trochlea width (TTW), medial articular facet width (MAFW), medial articular facet height (MAFH), lateral articular facet width (LAFW), lateral articular facet height (LAFH), sulcus for flexor hallucis longus muscle width (FHW), sulcus depth (FHD), talar head height (THH), talar head width (THW) and talus height (TH).
Results: Most of the tali were in type B2 (75.9%). We have measured APL 54.46±4.81 mm, TW 40.54±3.35 mm, STL 19.44±2.58 mm, STW 5.98±1.20 mm, STD 5.96±1.55 mm, TTL 32.91±3.01 mm, TTW 28.25±3.11 mm, MAFW 29.62±3.37 mm, MAFH 13.53±1.64 mm, LAFW 27.61±3.35 mm, LAFH 25.70±2.57 mm, FHW 7.26±1.66 mm, FHD 3.35±1.00 mm, THH 26.22±3.10 mm, THW 24.96±3.47 mm and TH 30.70±3.14 mm.
Conclusion: Knowing the normal anatomy of the talus is important in preventing possible complications during surgical interventions applied to this area.


In this paper, we propose a novel framework of style transfer matrix (STM) learning to reduce the writing style variation in handwriting recognition. After writer-specific style transfer learning, the data of different writers is projected onto a style-free space, where a writer independent classifier can yield high accuracy. We combine STM learning with a specific nearest prototype classifier: learning vector quantization (LVQ) with discriminative feature extraction (DFE), where both the prototypes and the subspace transformation matrix are learned via online discriminative learning. To adapt the basic classifier (trained with writer-independent data) to particular writers, we first propose two supervised models, one based on incremental learning and the other based on supervised STM learning. To overcome the lack of labeled samples for particular writers, we propose an unsupervised model to learn the STM using the self-taught strategy (also known as self-training). Experiments on a large-scale Chinese online handwriting database demonstrate that STM learning can reduce recognition errors significantly, and the unsupervised adaptation model performs even better than the supervised models.


The various promotion countermeasures such as solidification, carbonization, and the creation of cement materials have been considered to existing treatment methods such as incineration and the creation of composts, since direct landfill was prohibited for encouraging the recycling based on the sludge treatment on land. The Main objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of co-incineration for MSW (municipal solid waste) and SS (sewage sludge) through the quantitative supply of sewage sludge. In this study, optimum water content to operate normally incinerator is 85%. In order to increase the workability of sewage sludge, it is necessary to supply properly water. In the case study of sites, optimum water content is 87% due to the water evaporation. Therefore, it was found that the water content up to 87% would be reached the stable operation of co-incinerator on the mixture of municipal waste solid and sewage sludge.


The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is considering the deployment of fixed scour-monitoring instrumentation as part of a systematic response to the problem of scour around bridge piers. Within a larger study of the efficacy of and the problems to be encountered with such instrumentation, a project was undertaken in which two different types of scour monitoring devices were installed on piers at two different sites near Purdue University. The two devices, one based on a magnetic collar on a rod driven into the streambed, the other based on a sonar or acoustic principle, were developed with funding by the Federal Highway Administration and National Cooperative Highway Research Program, and their use is being actively promoted by these agencies. This report is divided into three main sections. First, in Chapter 2, the devices are described and their principles of operation are briefly outlined. Deviations from the standard configuration are highlighted. In Chapter 3, the installation procedure followed is described, and a report of the important events during the course of the field component of the project is given generally. The procedure for downloading the field data collected is briefly dealt with, together with a description of the format of the data collected. A sample of the data so far obtained forms the basis of the discussion in Chapter 4 of the performance of the scour monitoring devices. The important conclusions gained from the field study as well as the questions still open are summarized in Chapter 5. The devices do show promise as being effective for continuously monitoring the local scour around a bridge pier. The long-term survivability of the monitors in the Indiana stream environment, where woody debris is prevalent with no countermeasures taken, remains still to be proven.


In this paper, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are deploye d for multi-objective Pareto optimal design of Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type n ural networks that have been used for modelling of a nonlinear system. In this way, GAs w ith a specific encoding scheme is firstly presented to evolutionary design of the generalized GMDH-type neural networks in which the connectivity configurations in such networks are not limited to adjacent layers. Multi-objective GAs with a new diversity preserving mechanism are secondly used fo r Pareto optimization of such GMDH-type neural networks. The important conflicting objectives of G MDH-type neural networks that are considered in this work are, namely, Training Error (TE), Predict ion Error (PE) and Number of Neurons (N) of such neural networks. It is shown that the obtained nond minated Pareto points are inclusive of those which can be found using Akaike's Information Crite rion (AIC) for both training and prediction errors .Moreover, an important trade-off can be discovered by such Pareto optimum approach to the design of GMDH-type neural networks which helps a designer to select a network compromisingly.


1098-4402= During the last decades, photocathode rf guns have been proven to be successful for providing very high quality electron beams required for vacuum ultraviolet and x-ray free-electron lasers. Beam dynamics simulations show that the electron beam quality in a rf gun depends strongly on the beam dynamics in the vicinity of the cathode. Therefore, the injection process plays a significant role in the beam performance. Several codes are available to simulate the beam dynamics in the gun. They are able to track the beam under the influence of external fields and space charge forces, but details of the emission processes are still missing in these simulations. In photocathode rf guns, the electron beams have a high charge density. Especially during emission from the cathode, the electrons have a very low velocity and experience high longitudinal space charge forces counteracting the applied accelerating field. Because of the space charge field, some part of the electrons emitted from the cathode might move backward to the cathode where they can produce secondary electrons. A high electric field in the gun cavity, on the other hand, generates a large amount of dark current. If the field-emitted electrons from the cathode or any other surface inside the cavity hit the cathode, secondary electrons can be produced as well. For a detailed understanding of the electron beam and dark current in a rf gun, simulations including a model of the secondary electron emission are necessary. In this paper, a simple model is discussed with an application to the beam dynamics at high emission phases in rf guns. Detailed simulations have been done in comparison to measurements at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen. The primary electrons which are photoemitted from the cathode and the secondary electrons which are produced by the primaries at the cathode could be clearly distinguished in measurements and simulations.


The lower than expected mail response to the 1990 [U.S.] Decennial Census fits the general pattern of difficulty experienced recently in survey research to collect data from an increasingly reluctant public. The National Opinion Research Center through a joint statistical agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census conducted a household survey the Survey of 1990 Census Participation to measure a variety of knowledge attitude behavioral and other characteristics that might be used to account for respondents self-reports of census mail response. Emphasis in this paper is on multivariate models that account for the separate contributions of a number of factors affecting response to the census. (EXCERPT)


While acknowledging the contributions of the neo-institutional thinking in sustainable water management, this paper challenges the inadequate understanding of institutions in shaping human action in water consumption and financing. Strong belief in the efficiency of new formal institutional arrangements by active process of institutional design and crafting in pursuit of optimal resource management fails to consider the social impact on, and the cultural influence of, the public's perception of sustainable use of water. This paper also shows that over-reliance on legal regulations can create disincentives. Downplaying the socially-embedded institutions undermines the effectiveness of bureaucratic institutions. The case study of England and Wales casts doubt on the universal application of the design principles for disregarding social and cultural contexts.


While successfully used in measuring the thermal properties of solid material,such as bulk samples and thin films,3ω method is seldom applied to the fluid.Due to its good performance,the 3ω method is tried to measure the thermal conductivity of the fluid in this paper.Using the home made device,the relationship between the 3ω voltage and the heating frequency is obtained by Lock-in Amplifier,thus the thermal conductivity of the fluid is calculated with the least square fit method.From the results of 10# transformer oil and deionized water,the error is limited to 5%,which indicates the definite feasibility of the experiment.


Mythology in ancient India is abundant with complex content and gradually combines with religion in the process of civilization.The reason for this is the natural way of economic production;the way of thinking of human life being in a highly harmony with nature;and the influence of geography,religion,and social environment.


A high energetic oxidizer N-oxides of 3,3'-azo-bis( 6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine)( DAAT O3. 5) was synthesized via the two-step oxidation reactions of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide / trifluoroacetic anhydride,using 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as starting material. T he total yield of DAAT O3. 5w as 53. 1%. Its structure w as characterized by FT-IR,N M R and elemental analysis. T he reaction mechanism for H2O2/( C F3C O)2O oxidation w as studied. T he optimum conditions of the reaction w ere determined as: 3,3'-azobis( 6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine)( DAAT) /( C F3C O)2O / H2O2= 1 /12. 5 /11( molar ratio),reaction time,20 h and reaction temperature,20 ~ 25 ℃. T he thermal behavior of DAAT O3. 5w as studied by DSC and T G-DT G. R esults show that DAAT O3. 5has an exothermic decomposition peak at 254. 6 ℃,indicating a better stability. T he main properties of DAAT O3. 5w as tested and follow ed as: density 1. 840g·cm- 3,friction sensitivity 100%( 90°),impact sensitivity 100%( 10 kg,25 cm).


1. Pure swards of perennial ryegrass (Loliwn perenne cv. Melle) as a primary growth (May), trimmed primary growth (early June) and regrowth (late June), and white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) as a mature primary growth (July) and vegetative regrowth (August), were grazed by twelve Friesian steers (mean body-weights throughout experiment 152–231 kg) at daily allocation rates of forage which provided dry matter (DM) intakes ranging from 28 to 36 g/kg body-weight). 2. Total nitrogen contents of the three ryegrasses declined with season (37–20 g/kg DM), but in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibilities were relatively constant (0.76–0.79). The clovers had higher N (average 366 g/kg DM) and lower fibre and water-soluble carbohydrate contents than the grasses, and in vitro OM digestibilities of 0.70 and 076 respectively. 3. Duodenal digesta samples were obtained, using a portable sampling apparatus from the animals grazing the pasture, and estimates of the flow of nutrients into the small intestine were derived using two indigestible markers which were continuously infused into the rumen using a portable infusion apparatus. Forage intakes were calculated from estimates of faecal output of indigestible OM and the predicted in vivo OM digestibilities of the forages consumed. Coefficients of variation for OM flow to the small intestine and OM intake were 11.8 and 10.9 % respectively. 4. The apparent digestion of OM in the rumen ranged from 722 to 741 g/kg digestible OM intake and from 681 to 711 g/kg digestible OM intake for the grass and clover diets respectively. Substantial losses of ingested N before the small intestine were measured on all diets except the regrowth ryegrass. Losses were 0.30 and 040 g/g N intake on the primary growth ryegrass and the regrowth clover respectively; N contents were 37 and 39 g/kg DM respectively. 5. Comparison of the values obtained at pasture with that obtained when similar diets were offered to housed cattle (Beever et al. 1985) indicated that combined relations relating duodenal OM and non-ammonia-N (NAN) flows to OM and N intakes respectively could be established for each diet. For two diets (primary-growth grass and regrowth clover) the relations were curvilinear; for the remaining diets, the derived relations were linear. 6. The effects of forage species, stage of maturity and variations in the stem: leaf ratio in the grasses, on nutrient supply in grazing animals are discussed, and a combined relation for all grazed and harvested forages examined in this and in a previous study reported by Beever et al. (1985) is established. The relation Y = 1.430 - 0.0169X (r072, residual sd 0.140). where Y is NAN flow/N intake (g/g) and X is N content in the crop (gfkg OM), indicates that net losses of N across the rumen will occur on diets which contain more than 25.5 g N/kg OM. 7. Possible limitations in the techniques available to measure nutrient digestion and supply in grazing ruminants are discussed.


This paper presents a new control technique to regulate the capacitor voltage in cascaded multilevel inverters. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single dc power source with the remaining n − 1 dc sources being capacitors, which can achieve an effective role on harmonic elimination while generating the ideal output voltage. This paper focuses mainly to achieve an effective capacitor voltage regulation, and the effect of power factor on capacitor voltage regulation with the Phase shift modulation. The main advantages of this paper are to eliminate the harmonics, high-quality output power due to its high number of output levels. It shows hope to reduce the voltage ripple of the capacitors, which leads to higher power conversion efficiency with equal power distribution, reduces the initial cost, and complexity hence it is apt for industrial applications. Simulation work is done using the MATLAB software and experimental results have been presented to validate the theory.


Genomic instability underlies various diseases including cancer. The maintenance of
genomic stability requires accurate replication of the genome, proper segregation of
duplicated DNA to progeny cells, and the capacity to respond effectively to DNA
damage. Early sections of this thesis focus on the response to DNA double-strand
breaks (DSBs) within compact regions of chromatin (heterochromatin). Here,
methodology was optimised for monitoring the repair of site-specific DSBs within
regions likely to be enriched for heterochromatin. This system was exploited to examine
the function of the Artemis endonuclease in heterochromatic DSB repair. Later sections
focus on factors involved in DNA replication and the response to replication stress.
Among the various mechanisms involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) to
replication stress, the licensing of excess origins of replication has been proposed to
safeguard against replication failure. Here, the impact of diminished origin licensing
capacity on the response to replication stress was compared in tumour and non-tumour
cell lines. I present findings demonstrating that depletion of origin licensing factors
causes hypersensitisation of tumour-derived but not non-tumour cell lines to replication
stress-inducing agents. Further, combining diminished origin licensing capacity with
depletion of the tumour suppressor, p53, or overexpression of the c-Myc oncogene
impairs viability under conditions of replication stress in non-tumour fibroblasts. These
findings suggest that tumour cells have a greater reliance on origin licensing capacity,
raising the possibility that licensing factors might represent suitable targets for drugbased
cancer therapy. Factors involved in replication origin licensing have also been
implicated in the establishment of heterochromatin. Here, I examined higher-order
chromatin structure and the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DDR in cells from patients
harbouring mutations in origin licensing factors. Findings from these studies provide
evidence for the first time that origin licensing complex (ORC)-deficient Meier-Gorlin
Syndrome (MGS) may be classified as a disordered chromatin syndrome.


Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) proliferates in its environment due to its reproductive success. Each member of the species is able to efficiently self-fertilize and lay offsprings during the adult stage. The organ responsible for reproduction is the somatic gonad, which includes the gonad arms, the spermatheca, the uterus, and the vulva. Fertilization of oocytes is carried out by the spermatheca. Previous works have demonstrated that HLH-29 transcription factor expresses in the spermatheca. The transcription factor interacts with other genes and proteins, allowing communication between the spermatheca and the gonad arm to fertilize. Mutants missing the hlh-29 gene have ovulation defects. This suggests that HLH-29 is important in the animal's reproductive ability by ensuring normal spermatheca function, and loss of the transcription factor hinders the animal's ability to effectively reproduce. To better characterize reproductive roles of HLH-29 in the spermatheca, my project attempts to rescue these mutants by introducing a foreign transgenic HLH-29::CFP reporter gene that expresses only in the spermatheca. The transgenic gene is expected to return the reproductive capabilities of the animal back to normal. Here, I report on my initial characterization of the spermatheca and somatic gonad phenotypes of transgenic animals.


Abstract : This report describes teh program undertaken for the further development, assembly, and testing of the XM36E1 Fuze Setter. The program included the fabrication, test, and delivery of three First Article Acceptance Sample (FAAS) and 10 preproduction units that are designed to set the XM587E2/ XM724 Electronic Time Fuzes from 0.2 to 199.9 s in 0.1 s increments. Latest design changes incorporated in the fuze setter system include: revision of the battery charging circuit to vary charging current over the operating temperature range and provide a charging indication, design and development of a remote probe and coil cable to ease setting of fuzes in various field configurations, redesign of the fuze setter carrying-case assembly to allow packaging of these latest accessory additions, and other minor modifications such as revision of the pulse-width checking circuit, and evaluation of display readout window material. Basic design features and requirements were maintained, such as setting in less than 1 s, display readout of set time, battery-powered operation, low battery indication, and interrogating capability.


Description Very small microbat without noseleaf and with tail more or less fully enclosed in interfemoral membrane; six upper and six lower cheekteeth on each side; ears funnel-shaped; pelage frizzled; upper canine not grooved; FA: 34.1 (32–36) mm; dorsal pelage dark brown with conspicuous frosting; posterior margin of interfemoral membrane without comb-like fringe of bristle-like hairs; inner upper incisor bicuspid; outer lower incisor unicuspid. Sexes similar. pelage dense, woolly, frizzled (many hairs with hooked tips); middorsal pelage ca. 9 mm. Dorsal pelage greyish-brown to dark brown with silvery sheen and silvery or straw-coloured frosting; hairs blackish or dark brown, many with a silvery or straw-coloured tip. Ventral pelage paler brown; hairs greyish-brown or blackish-brown, usually with a pale brown or fawn tip but some with a whitish-silvery tip. Head high-domed; muzzle long, pointed, partly hidden by facial pelage. Eyes minute. Ears widely separated, dark brown or blackish, comparatively and relatively short for a vespertilionid (39 [33–44]% of FA); deeply emarginated below tips. Tragus long (58 [53–64]% of E), tapering, curved outwards; base with small triangular lobule over a shallow emargination (Figure 153e). Wings blackish or dark brown; pelage extending with scattered hairs to dorsal surface of forearm, third digit, thumb, tibia and tail. interfemoral membrane dark brown; posterior margin with sparse hairs but no comb-like fringe of hooked, bristle-like hairs. Tail 107 (92–131)% of HB. Skull delicate; braincase high-domed; rostrum narrow; frontal region sharply angular to plane of rostrum. inner upper incisor comparatively long (cf. K. cuprosa), bicuspid (with secondary cusp reaching ca. half to two-thirds height of main cusp) and taller than outer incisor. Outer upper incisor unicuspid or weakly bicuspid, the main cusp attaining the height of secondary cusp of inner incisors. Anterior upper premolar slightly higher than middle premolar but both much smaller than the posterior premolar. inner and middle lower incisors tricuspid. Outer lower incisor unicuspid, cingulum not distinctly raised on both sides of main cusp and therefore does not appear cup-shaped. Lower premolars subequal in size.


Headline The Rectus Femoris (RF) is one of the most important muscles in sports which require repetitive kicking; this would include any of the football codes including Rugby, Australian Rules Football (AFL) and in particular Soccer where it has consistently presented as one of the most injured muscles since epidemiological data started to be collected. Quadriceps injuries typically make up 7% of the total injuries sustained by an elite soccer team during the course of a season with RF injuries making up the vast majority of those injuries (1). During a recent season our shared club sustained an unusually high number of RF (Eight) injuries whilst simultaneously sustaining a historical low number of Hamstring injuries (Five) which goes against the published data of Hamstring > Quadriceps.(1) It is beyond the scope of this paper to present reasons as to why there would be such a switch in the number of Hamstring and Quadriceps injuries within a season and there is nothing to suggest that the events are related. Whilst there are some similarities in terms of injury mechanism when comparing Hamstring and RF injuries which occur during high speed running or deceleration the majority of RF injuries occur during kicking and occasionally when sprinting whereas the majority of Hamstring injuries occur during sprinting and occasionally during stretching or kicking. The purpose of this paper is to re-visit the RF in terms of its unique anatomy and suggest reasons as to why the structure of the muscle contributes to its susceptibility to injury, to


Abstract. A new genus (Triassiphaeodina gen. nov.) and two new species (Medusetta japonica sp. nov. and Triassiphaeodina niyodoensis sp. nov.) of Late Triassic (Rhaetian) phaeodarian Radiolaria are described from a phosphatic nodule found in mélange rocks of the Northern Chichibu Belt, Shikoku, Japan. The Rhaetian age of the nodule and of the phaeodarian new taxa is based on co-occurring Polycystina Radiolaria, including Bipedis acrostylus Bragin, Livarella densiporata Kozur and Mostler, Fontinella primitiva Carter, and Ferresium sp. A of Carter (1993). This finding shows that phaeodarian Radiolaria were already represented in Late Triassic oceans, with morphologies similar to those known in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, from which they have previously been reported. The new taxa described herein represent the oldest known phaeodarian fossils.


We discuss some results and conjectures related to the existence of the non-nilpotent motivic maps $\eta$ and $\mu_9$. To this purpose, we establish a theory of power operations for motivic $H_{\infty}$-spectra. Using this, we show that the naive motivic analogue of the unstable Kahn-Priddy theorem fails. Over the complex numbers, we show that the motivic $T$-spectrum $S[\eta^{-1},\mu_9^{-1}]$ is closely related to higher Witt groups, where $S$ is the motivic sphere spectrum and $\eta$, $\sigma$ and $\mu_9$ are explicit elements in $\pi_{**}(S)$.


The resource utilization of iron tailings is of great significance for all countries in the world. Considering the particle composition and physicochemical characteristics of iron tailings, fiber and lime were used to modify iron tailings. The fiber content was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%, and the lime content was 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. Through a direct shear test, the shear stress displacement (τ-δ) curves and shear strength of modified iron tailings, under the action of a 0 freeze-thaw cycle and 1 freeze-thaw cycle, were tested. As statistics have shown that there are uncertainty factors associated with direct shear tests, the shear strength index cohesion c and internal friction angle φ of the modified iron tailings were analyzed using the Monte Carlo method. The results show that the τ-δ curve of the fiber-modified iron tailings is a hardening-type curve and that of the lime-modified iron tailings is a softening-type curve. In the direct shear tests, the main uncertain factors are the specimen diameter, vertical force, and horizontal force. The diameter of the sample obeys a normal distribution, and the vertical and horizontal forces obey a uniform distribution. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation show that both c and φ obey a normal distribution. Under a 95% confidence condition, the effect of fiber on the cohesion on iron tailings is obvious, but the effect on the internal friction angle is not obvious. However, the values of c and φ of the iron tailings are clearly improved by lime. Additionally, the iron tailings modified by a fiber content of 1% and those modified by a lime content of 8% have the best frost resistance.


The relationship of differences in life history traits among genotypes to competitive ability is not well known for most clonal plants. It has been hypothesized that genetically identical clones will compete more intensively than genetically distinct clones. The perennial grass Amphibromus scabrivalvis, which produces basal corms and cleistogamous seeds enclosed by leaf sheaths, exhibits pronounced clonal growth via rhizome and ramet production. In a controlled greenhouse experiment, clones of four genotypes of this species were grown under three regimes: alone in the absence of competition, paired with a clone of the same genotype (intraclonal competition), and paired with a clone of a different genotype (interclonal competition). There were differences in some biomass measures and in ramet and corm production among the four genotypes grown in the absence of competition. All genotypes showed a significant reduction in total biomass under both intra- and interclonal conditions, indicating that competition had occurred. For three of four genotypes, biomass allocation to corm increased under competition, while allocation to cleistogamous seeds was constant or increased slightly. Although some genotypes in specific interclonal combinations were less affected by competition than in intraclonal combinations, there was no support for the contention that the effects of competition were more intense for genetically identical clones.


A Gray map over Z_p/(u~m-1) is defined, and the Gray map is proven to be an isometry. Moreover, if G is a generator matrix of a code C over Z_p/(u~m-1),then a generator matrix of (C) can be obtained. A necessary and sufficient condition for the Gray image of quasi-cyclic code to be cyclic is given.


The Second School on Cosmic Rays and Astrophysics was held in Puebla, Mexico, on August 30 to September 8, 2006. It included subjects like experimental techniques, primary spectrum and composition of cosmic rays, high‐energy interactions, gamma ray astronomy, neutrino astrophysics, cosmic ray detectors, etc. I present a very short review of some of the lectures given there.


is followed by an example of how one boy in an early childhood classroom demonstrated task commitment while developing his ~~tt~dj book-making skills. This story serves as a context for discussion , of the strategies the teacher in the child's classroom used to jj~~~~~t strengthen task commitment for all of the children. Following ~~~~~t the example, we discuss specific teaching strategies in relation to


Underwater noise produced by ships has been becoming an increasing issue. A dominantly con- tributing noise source is a ship propeller. Therefore, it is important to predict the propeller noise at the propeller design stages. This study applied the acoustic analogy based on Ffowcs Williams equa- tion for the prediction of the marine propeller BPF noise. A marine propeller BPF noise is inves- tigated experimentally as well as numerically. Propeller BPF noise measurement and propeller cav- itation observation tests are performed in the KRISO medium size cavitation tunnel. Numerical pre- diction schemes of marine propeller BPF noise are presented together with the noise measurement method. Propeller BPF noise predictions and experiments are performed under the various propeller operating conditions including non-cavitating and caveating conditions. Numerical and experimental results are compared and analyzed. It is shown that numerical prediction results are generally in good agreement with the measured data.


I OF THE TWO terms "dialectical materialism" and "scientific materialism" the former is the more familiar. -Among philosophers today, "scientific materialism" is sometimes used as a synonym for "physicalism." In contemporary discussions of materialism it can even be employed to refer to the so-called identity thesis, which identifies every mental state or event with some material state or event.' In the nineteenth century, however, it was not uncommon to encounter "scientific materialism" as a label for a metaphysical stance allegedly based on the findings of natural science. Here the intent was to formulate a specific credo, comprising philosophical, ethical, and even political components. While it is true that science and particularly medicine have provided materialists with factual ammunition against their opponents throughout history, most of the time the bond between philosophical materialism and natural science has not been clearly delineated. The connection between the two largely has been a loosely defined mutual sympathy. It is conceivable, for example, that Marx and Engels could have permitted their brand of materialism to be called scientific; namely, scientific in their own, dialectical understanding of the term.2 As a result of Engels' claim that socialism had become a science with Marx,3 the phrase "scientific socialism" has earned a place within the history of thought. Given Engels' concern with demonstrating the dialectics of nature through natural science, it is not difficult to imagine that he also might have labeled Marx's materialism scientific, in which case what G. V. Plekhanov later dubbed


Intravenous injection of some antihistaminic agents causes apnea through a reflex mechanism similar to that of veratridine. There are drug-sensitive receptors in the lungs causing inhibition of breathing.


Agro-waste management generates worries to most developing countries and the menace needs to be curbed to reduce pollution. This study investigated the Proximate and Physicochemical composition of Oil Palm Empty fruit bunch. Samples collected were oven dried, grinded and analytical methods were carried out adopting AOAC 2005 (Association of official Analytical Chemists) test methods. The proximate analysis of the EFB revealed it to be a poor source of lipid (3.75 ± 0.01) but with a high fibre content (67.0 ± 1.19). The results showed concentrations of ash (6.87 ± 0.11), carbohydrate (12.3 ± 0.95), moisture (5.13 ± 0.24) and protein (4.87 ± 0.01). The physicochemical characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch is reported that pH had mean of 5.81±0.22, while temperature, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity, nitrate and sulphate had mean of 28.14 ± 0.02, 5.09 ± 0.02, 53.15 ± 0.03, 26.61 ± 0.015, 19.97±0.03, 14.65 ± 0.05, and 4.94 ± 0.02 respectively. More so, phosphate had mean of 17.55 ± 0.04, while ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, magnesium and calcium had mean of 0.04 ± 0.01, 2.86 ± 0.01, 1.58 ± 0.02, 2.55 ± 0.02, 1.05 ± 0.01 and 3.77 ± 0.01 respectively. The Proximate and Physicochemical composition of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in this study demonstrates the efficiency of utilizing and application of this byproduct in various processes to help combat waste management issues in the environment. was poured into a clean conical flask of 250 ml capacity, 3 grams of digestion catalyst was also added and the Empty fruit bunch was heated to digest the content from black to sky- blue colouration. The digest was cooled to room temperature and was diluted to 100ml with distilled water. The second stage involves distillation. Diluted digest of 20 ml was measured into a distillation flask and the flask was held in place on the electrothermal heater or hot plate. The distillation flask was attached a Liebig condenser connected to a receiver containing 10 ml of 2% boric acid indicator. 40mls of 40% of sodium hydroxide was injected into the digest became strongly alkaline. The mixture was heated to boiling and the distilled ammonia gas via the change from purple to greenish as ammonia distillate was introduced into the boric acid. For the third stage being titration, the distillate was titrated with a standard O.1N hydrochloric acid solution back to purple from greenish. The volume of hydrochloric acid added to effect this change was recorded as titer value.


CHI Zijian,gives a vivid picture of the life of heroine——CHENG Jinlan in "Picture of Heliu",from a unique famine perspective.Chi Jinlan,as a traditional woman,was greatly influenced by the philosophy of "dominant male and subordinate female".She has dependent personality and view of virginity.In addition,the traditional idea of "harmony" is also a factor for her losing self.CHENG's tragedy of love and marriage is the tragedy of masculine power,as well as the traditional view of marriage.


Background
 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease with multiple prognostic indicators of outcomes to conventional treatments; including age, cytogenetic risk, and presence of genomic abnormalities (NPM1, TP53, FLT3 and IDH1/2). Additionally, overexpression of BCL-2 is a predictor for poor response to chemotherapy and can lead to therapeutic resistance in AML (Campos et. al. Blood, 1993). Venetoclax (Ven), an oral selective BCL-2 inhibitor, in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMA) or low dose cytarabine (LDAC), was recently approved for treatment naive patients (pts) with AML who were not fit for standard induction therapy on the basis of two phase 1b/2 studies (DiNardo et.al, Lancet Onclogy, 2018; Wei et.al., J Clin. Oncol., 2019). Here, we present clinical outcome results from the phase 1b/2 study populations in subgroups defined by molecular markers and correlations with BCL-2 family expression.
 Methods: The data cut-off dates were 31-Aug-2018 (VEN+HMA study M14-358, NCT02203773) and 22-Aug-2018 (VEN+LDAC study M14-387 NCT02287233). Pt responses were assessed according to the IWG criteria for AML (Cheson et.al., J Clin. Oncol.,2003). The presence of AML associated mutations (NPM1, IDH1, IDH2, TP53 and FLT3) were determined centrally in bone marrow aspirates (BMA) at baseline. BCL-2 (BCL2) gene expression was defined centrally by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using the deltaCt (ΔCt) method. BCL2 expression normalized to a reference gene (2-ΔCt) was evaluated for pts with > 50% AML blasts in baseline BMA (median 75%; range 50-99%). The composite complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi) rate, overall survival (OS), time to first response (TTR), and duration of response (DOR), and BCL-2 gene expression were correlated with presence of baseline molecular markers.
 Results:
 Data from 209 pts who received Ven 400 mg or 600 mg in combination with either HMA or LDAC are reported here. The median age was 74 years (range: 61-90 years) and 61% (n=127) were male (Table 1). Of the 167 pts with centrally assessed molecular markers, IDH1 or IDH2 mutations were detected in 25.7%, NPM1 mutations in 15.6%, TP53 mutations in 22.2%, and FLT3 mutations in 18.0% pts. Pts may have more than one of these mutations (i.e co-mutations of NPM1 and IDH1or IDH2, NPM1 with FLT3, or NPM1 with TP53) identified in baseline BMA. The CR/CRi rates were 83.7% for pts with IDH1/IDH2 mutations, 84.6% for pts with NPM1 mutations, 59.5% for pts with TP53 mutations, and 53.3% for pts with FLT3 mutations (Table 2). The median OS was not reached (NR) for pts with IDH1, IDH2 or NPM1 mutations, while the median OS for pts with detectable TP53 mutations or FLT3 mutations was 8.9 mos and 12.4 mos respectively.
 The remissions (CR or CRi) were rapid (median TTR between 1.1 mos to 1.8 mos) for each group (Table 2) and durable responses were observed for pts with IDH1, IDH2, NPM1, or FLT3 mutations (median DOR was either NR for IDH and NPM1 and 19.9 mos for FLT3). Pts with TP53 mutations are known to have poor prognosis and the DOR in this cohort was 5.6 mos. The median time on study was 11.6 mos (range: 0.3-44 mos).
 The range of BCL2 mRNA expression (2-ΔCt) in bone marrow blasts was 0.03 to 2.93, with a median of 0.86. The Cox hazard ratio for OS was 1.06, p=0.8565 based on BCL2 above the median (> 0.86 2-ΔCt). The multivariate analysis included age, cytogenetic risk, AML type (primary vs secondary) and trial (M14-387 vs M14-358). Albeit not statistically significant and small sample sets, pts with either IDH1 or IDH2 mutations (N = 21) tended to have higher BCL2 expression (median 2-ΔCt 1.1 ; range 0.19 -2.93) while pts with TP53 mutations (N = 7) had lower levels of BCL2 expression (median 2-ΔCt 0.55; range 0.03 - 1.27). Determination of baseline expression of other family members (BCL2L1, MCL1, BCL2A1, BCLw, NOXA, etc) is ongoing and additional univariate and multivariate analyses will be presented at the meeting.
 Conclusions: These analyses demonstrate that VEN + HMA or LDAC has efficacy across multiple molecular markers in AML. This activity is rapid and durable, and is observed across different levels of BCL2 expression in AML blasts.

 Chyla: Abbvie, Inc: Employment, Other: Stock or options. Harb:AbbVie Inc: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Mantis:AbbVie Inc: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Riehm:AbbVie Inc.: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Ross:AbbVie: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Sun:AbbVie: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Huang:AbbVie Inc: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Jiang:AbbVie Inc.: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Dail:Genentech: Employment, Equity Ownership. Peale:Genentech Inc.: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Potluri:AbbVie, Inc.: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options. Hayslip:AbbVie Inc: Employment, Other: Stock/stock options.

 Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that is FDA-approved in some indications. This presentation will focus on venetoclax for treatment in acute myeloid leukemia, which is not an approved indication.


This thesis examines the probability that a French Canadian woman born between 1700 and 1749 and married had at least one birth in her forties, taking into account her particular individual profile, family characteristics and historical context. Our analyses confirm that among the 14,727 Quebec women at risk of pregnancy between the ages of 40 and 49, 62% of them gave birth after the age of 40. Tangible differences are recognized in the probability of bearing children after age 40. Our results suggest a positive association between late maternity and several life course characteristics: a first union between the ages of 20-24 years, a spouse of the same age or younger, a continuous union (non-fractured by the death of a spouse) before and after 40 years, the survival of the previously-born child and a family history where her mother and at least one of her sisters gave birth over the age of 40. In addition, we observe a decrease of the proportion of Quebec women giving birth past 40 over time, especially among female cohorts giving birth after 1765. Furthermore, we found a negative association between an urban place of birth and late maternity. Perhaps the deterioration of general living conditions in the late 18 century, correlated with recurrence of infectious diseases, lack of hygiene and insalubrious environments explains the decreasing chances of giving birth at elevated ages. Our results attest to the importance of contribution of French Canadian women to the phenomenon of natural fertility at older ages. Our exploratory study also provides useful insights on contemporary late childbearing, currently a hotly debated topic.


1. Men and Ideas 2. Waiting for the Steamroller 3. The End of the Promise 4. The General Staff and Russia 5. Russian Desires British Capabilities 6. The Petrograd Conference 7. Between the Revolutions 8. Conclusion


Computer and mobile games playing is the most well known wellspring of excitement for individuals of all ages, however overabundance playing in these amusements causes negative results spoke to by computer games dependence. Computer games enslavement is considered as a standout amongst the most critical research field which got much consideration these days and pulled in numerous columnist and specialists to expound on and think about it top to bottom. Albeit numerous observational reviews had been drafted in this field so as to gather and investigate information identified with that field, the issue is there is a missing of clear conclusions and results in this field. The fundamental target of this exploration is to build up a poll that aiding in measuring the level of computer games enslavement for understudies in Jordanian colleges. The survey, which utilized as a part of this exploration expects to discover the relationship between each of social issue, troubles in time administration, issues in organizing life`s exercises, and radical play with computer game addiction. 780 polls were appropriated to understudies from Jordanian college's understudies' general public. The information gathered from the respondents demonstrated the accompanying www.ijoscience.com 2 there is a huge relationship between each of the accompanying of social issue, troubles in time administration, issues in organizing life`s exercises, and unbalanced play with computer games fixation. At long last the specialist proposes methodology for understudies for battling computer game habit.


Many telecom operators are attracted by the prospect of deploying energy-dense lithium-ion batteries but at the same time are aware of the large-scale recalls of laptop computer batteries and reports of problems with lithium metal polymer batteries in telecom outside plant applications. The publicity associated with such incidents is inevitably highly negative for both the battery manufacturer and the operator.


We are developing a far field gain and antenna factor estimation method for broadband antenna standards. We have already proposed a method for estimating the free space antenna factor of broadband antennas using a time-domain analysis and a pulse compression technique. However to estimate the antenna factor and gain, we are using fixed antenna distance. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method for determining the antenna distance at each frequency that to estimate the far field antenna factor. Our proposed method is based on the techniques of a time domain analysis and a time-frequency analysis using a short time Fourier transform. In the case of a super broadband antenna, the difference between far-field antenna factor and the estimated antenna factor using our proposed method is less than 0.1 dB at 10 m antenna distance and less than 0.2 dB at 3m antenna distance in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 250 MHz.


A theory for the systematic minimization of the total cost of an N simple span deck and girder, highway bridge structure is presented. Dy namic Programming, a mathematical technique applicable to the optimiza tion of serial systems is the method employed in developing the model and its solution. The geometric allocation of total bridge length into N spans (decisions concerning individual span lengths), and the selec tion of structural components for each of the spans are implemented simultaneously. For this reason, the set of optimal decisions generates a bridge design of minimum overall cost. All parameters which affect bridge structure economics, collectively or individually, can be readily incorporated in the mathematical model. The set of parameters includes, but is not restricted to, bridge geometry, types of super-structure and sub-structure components, material types and strengths, soil and ter rain conditions and construction costs. The optimization procedure resulted in an algorithm suitable for computer programming. An extensive computer program was developed to implement the optimization method. The optimization theory and the algorithm are independent of design procedures. Thus, no particular method of structural design for individual bridge components was em phasized. The computer program is modular and any recent or established structural design procedure can be incorporated with minimum program ming effort. The program is capable of generating several optimum bridge structures based on the user's specification of input data.


Five evidence-based guidelines met the eligibility criteria for this report. Of the 5 guidelines, 2 provided recommendations on rheumatology practice, 1 on stroke, 1 on oncology, and 1 on digital innovations for all areas of health; none of them focused on primary care specifically. Three were developed in the context of COVID-19.
While all 5 guidelines were informed by a systematic literature search, some specific recommendations were based on expert consensus, given the absence of literature on the respective topics. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, where available, were generally assessed to be low across the guidelines.
The evidence-based guidelines provided recommendations across various aspects of virtual care delivery including population considerations, patient conditions, and the types of care that can be offered virtually. They also provided recommendations on when to offer or discontinue virtual care, on patient privacy, and on staff training. One guideline provided a recommendation on fees and reimbursement.
Multiple evidence-based guidelines stated that virtual care should complement rather than replace in-person care, and that virtual care should only be implemented when adequate resources and personnel are available and patient privacy can be secured.


Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate patients' perceptions of changes in health related quality of life (HRQoL) over a twelve week period following third molar surgery. Methods: Health related quality of life measures, New 15D © , was administered to the study group prior to surgery. Standardized surgical and analgesic protocols were employed. Patients kept a diary of changes in life quality each postoperative day for seven days and they were contacted four and twelve weeks following surgery. Results: One hundred and six patients participated in this prospective study. HRQoL measure identified a significant deterioration in quality of life in the immediate postoperative period, during the first week (P<0.05). However, there was an improvement in HRQOL compared to preoperative status four weeks (P<0.05) and twelve weeks (P<0.05) postoperatively. Conclusions: The study concludes that there were significant improvements in quality of life following third molar surgery. However, in the immediate postoperative period patients experienced deterioration in HRQoL. Patients with symptomatic rather than asymptomatic third molars were more likely to benefit, in terms of improvement in quality of life, from third molar surgery. Keywords: Quality, life, third molar, surgery. Running title: What impact has third molar surgery


Allergic diseases including asthma towards a Th2 predominant phenotype have risen considerably in prevalence in the last 50 years,and allergic rhinitis,atopic dermatitis and asthma are by far the most common chronic diseases affecting children worldwide.A concomitant rise in autoimmune disease such as type 1 diabetes and disseminated sclerosis suggests a defect in immunoregulation,rather than a reduction in T-helper type 1 immunity.Recent studies suggest that diverse populations of regulatory T cells(Treg)play an important role in regulating T-helper type 2(Th2)responses to allergens,maintaining functional tolerance.Regulatory responses appear to be compromised in allergic individuals but may be reconstituted to some extent with specific allergen immunotherapy.This paper reviews Treg and in childhood asthma and allergy.


SINGING IS AN ENJOYABLE ACTIVITY for many individuals. Some love singing. Some make a career through singing. Singing, both individually and in groups, entertains the self and the public. How ancient is the relevance of singing in human society? How unique and multifaceted is the contribution of singing to everyday life? In this article, we will discuss some literature from evolutionary theories, brain studies, and music therapy that underline the importance and uniqueness of singing in the evolution of human society.IMPACT OF SINGING ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSince before the appearance of the first homo sapiens, singing has been an important social activity. As described by Charles Darwin, "when we treat of sexual selection we shall see that primeval man, or rather some early progenitor of man, probably first used his voice in producing true musical cadences, that is in singing."1 Darwin emphasized singing in the context of courtship and group oriented purposes. He discussed how animal singing often takes place to express a feeling that the group will be able to interpret as a sign of danger or a sign of triumph.Evolutionary musicologist Joseph Jordania discusses the power of singing as an "audio-visual intimidating display" to intimidate enemies.2 He claims that the first forms of music, especially drumming, vocalizing, and dancing started with hominids, to generate a sense of power and successful outcomes about battling and hunting. Jordania emphasizes the universal importance of monophonic and polyphonic singing, which he analyzes from a cultural viewpoint. Both Jordania and Darwin propose that singing preceded and determined the formation of language.3Jordania and Darwin both underline the concept of singing as expressing emotions and events in the moment, and guiding the origin enhancing communication with complex patterns. Jordania states that between homo erectus and homo sapiens, communication evolved from vocalization to more complex oral communication. New cognitive abilities developed and words emerged, causing singing to lose its "initial survival value."4 Singing continued as a dominant expression of emotions, while speech carried more cognitive messaging. Richman felt singing gave humans a sense of "social cohesion and solidarity" not possible in speech.5SINGING AS A FORM OF COMMUNICATIONSome scholars argue that music originated from singing.6 Darwin believed humans made the first sound through "involuntary and purposeless contractions of the muscles of the chest and glottis... [which] may have given rise to the emission of vocal sounds."7 He discussed the creation of melody as the "relative association of the sounds that all the essentially characteristic effects which are summed up in the phrase 'musical expression' depend."8 How all of this happened was a very lucky coincidence for singers, but may still be a mystery.Similar to Darwin's theory of the evolution of vocalization, Victorian anthropologist Herbert Spencer explained that vocal sounds in hominids originated from a muscular contraction in response to pleasurable or painful feelings. Spencer emphasized that "the different qualities of voice accompany different mental states, and that under states of excitement the tones are more sonorous than usual."9 Spencer described various qualities of voice and emotional states. He described anger as accompanied by a metallic ring, or the emotion of grief as reaching a chanting quality. Some of the adjustments of expression led emotional sounds to develop into more melodically complex vocalizations that can be compared to early forms of singing. Perhaps early singing could have represented a closer step to more complex forms of communication, such as speech.Vocalization, pitch, loudness, and other singing elements appear to be interactive factors in communication. Some scholars believe that the importance of pitches originated when hominids needed to call one another and their sound needed to cover a large distance. …


The various afferent pathways terminating in the thalamus of the marsupial phalanger have been investigated with the Nauta techniques, with a view to determining the extent of overlap and convergence of these pathways. If this had proved to be extensive, it would have lent support to the views of some authors that, in primitive and generalized mammals, the relay nuclei are in the process of differentiating out of a single archetypical, multi‐modal nucleus.


An online virtualshop system is developed by using of Internet,ASP SQL Server technology. The paper describes the function and design method of the system, including visiting database, programming, analyzing key technology and disposing data source.


s Shervais, J.W., Hanan, B.B, Vetter, S.K., 2003, Chemical Stratigraphy of Basalts From the 5000' Borehole NPRE/WO-2, Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Evidence for Mixed Asthenosphere-Lithosphere Sources. Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V32H-03. Vetter, S.K., Hanan, B.B., Shervais, J.W., 2003, Basaltic Volcanism of the Bruneau-Jarbidge Eruptive Center and its Surroundings, Southwest Idaho: Chemical Evidence for Multiple Mantle Sources. Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract V31E-0979. Shervais, J.W., 2001, Intermediate Depth Drilling of the Snake River Plain in Support of EarthScope: Tracking the Yellowstone Plume (?) Through Space and Time; Earthscope Workshop Abstracts: Making and Breaking a Continent, 429-433. Figure 1. The SRP sub-populations (Bruneau-Jarbidge and INEL core) define linear arrays in 207Pb/206Pb208Pb/206Pb space between plume sources represented by the common plume component C (Hanan & Graham, 1996) and SCML mantle sources of varying age (Mesozoic – Archean). Published data for Yellowstone (Doe et al., 1982), CRB, and Saddle Mountains are shown for comparison (Tatsumoto and Snavely, 1969; Church, 1985; Chamberlain & Lambert, ; Hooper and Hawkesworth, 1993; Carlson, 1984). The open circles represent SRP crustal xenoliths (Leeman et al., 1982). The 4.57 Ga geochron is shown for reference. Summary of Research Projects 8 Shervais, J. W., S.K.Vetter, B.B. Hanan, J.J. Mcgee, S. Matthews (1999) Origin And Evolution Of The Western Snake River Plain, Idaho. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31/4, A55. Shroff, G., Shervais, J.W., Mcgee, J.J., Matthews, S., Vetter, S.K., Hanan, B.B. (1999) Plio-Pleistecene Basaltic Volcanism In The Western Snake River Plain, Mountain Home, Idaho: Structural And Stratigraphic Relations. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31/4, A55. Cooke, Mathew F. And Shervais, John W. (1999) Stratigraphic Controls Of Basaltic Volcanism On Groundwater Recharge And Conductivity In The Central Snake River Plain, Idaho. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31/4, A8. Vetter, S.K., Shervais, J. W., B.B. Hanan (1999) Pre-Lake Idaho basaltic volcanism in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho: The Mountain Home AFB Geothermal Corehole. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31/4, A59. Matthews, Scott and Scott Vetter, (1998) Methods for understanding voluminous basalt flows in the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, Louisiana Academy of Science meeting Feb 1998 Matthews, Scott, Scott Vetter, John Shervais, and Barry Hanan (1997) A Petrologic Transect of the Snake River Plain: Evidence of Dynamics of Mantle Plumes and Continental Basalts. GSA Central Section, El Paso, Tx. Hanan, B.B., Vetter, S.K., Shervais, J.W. (1997) Basaltic volcanism in the eastern Snake River Plain: Lead, Neodymium, Strontium isotope constraints from the Idaho INEL WO-2 core site basalts. Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A298. McGee, J., Shervais, J. (1997) Flotation Cumulate in a Snake River Plain Ferrobasalt: Petrologic Study of a Possible Lunar Analogue. Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A136. Matthews, S.H., Vetter, S., Shervais, J. (1997) Geochemistry of Banbury basalts, King Hill area, southern Idaho. Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A364. Shervais, J., Vetter, S., Hanan, B. (1997) Shaking the Plume's Tail: Basaltic Volcanism in the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A300. Shroff, G., Shervais, J. (1997) Surface Geology of the Mountain Home Area, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho. Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A364. Vetter, S., Shervais, J. (1997) Basaltic Volcanism of the Bruneau-Jarbidge Eruptive Center, Southwest, Idaho. Geol. Society America, Abstracts w/Programs, 29/6, A298. Geologic Mapping Eight USGS 7.5' quadrangles , all located in the Mountain Home area of Idaho, were mapped as part of this study: Mountain Home North, Mountain Home South, Teapot Dome, Crater Rings, Crater Rings SW Crater Rings SE, Reverse, and Cinder Cone Butte. Six quadrangles were mapped in the Shoshone area in 1998 and 1999 with USGS EDMAP funding (Dietrich, Dietrich Butte, Owinza, Owinza Butte, Star Lake, and Shoshone SW). In the Mountain Home area, the resulting composite map spans 30' of longitude (W115 ̊30' to W116 ̊0') and 15' of latitude (N43 ̊0' to N43 ̊15'), encompassing about 450 square miles (1,170 square kilometers). All of these map products have been prepared digitally using the GIS system MapInfo, which is fully compatible with ArcInfo and complies with Federal GIS standards. All of the completed maps will be assembled for publication by the Idaho Geological Survey as Technical Reports at 1/24,000 scale; the Mountain Home 30'x15' maps will also be compiled for publication as a Map Series map at approximately 1/50,000 scale. In addition, portions of quadrangles were mapped in the Mount Bennett Hills area as part of the Centenary College RUI effort: Deer Heaven Mountain 7.5', Dempsey Meadows 7.5', King Hill 7.5', Hog Creek 7.5', Davis Mountain SW 7.5'. Graduate Student Research: Meghan Zarnetske Continental Volcanism in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, M.Sc. Thesis, in progress, 2004. Ruth Hobson Remote sensing of basaltic volcanics, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho, M.Sc. Thesis, in progress, 2004. Matthew Cooke Petrology, Geochemistry, and Hydrology of basaltic volcanism, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho, M.Sc., 1999. Scott Matthews Petrology and Geochemistry of plume-related basaltic volcanism, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho, M.Sc., 2000. Summary of Research Projects 9 Island Arcs and Accreted Terranes The formation of island arcs and their accretion to continental margins is the most fundamental process forming continental crust since the Archean. I am currently studying the formation and evolution of accreted arc terranes in two main areas, the Carolina arc terrane in the southern Appalachians, and the Kohistan arc terrane of NW Pakistan. I have also been involved in projects examining arc rocks in other parts of the world, including the Sierra Nevada Foothills of California and the Greater Caucusus Mountains of southern Russia. The Carolina Terrane and a related Neoproterozoic Arc Complex Beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain, South Carolina: The Savannah River Site Terranes The hinterland of the Southern Appalachians, which lies SE of Grenville basement exposed in the Blue Ridge province, comprises a complex mosaic of exotic terranes of uncertain provenance. These terranes include (from NW to SE) the Inner Piedmont, the Carolina terrane (including the Carolina slate belt), and the Raliegh belt. Further to the SE, crystalline basement of the Laurentian margin is largely concealed beneath several kilometers of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks, commonly referred to as the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The distribution and geologic history of this hidden crystalline basement can be inferred only on the basis of limited exposures at the margins of the Coastal Plain onlap, aeromagnetic lineaments that define basement trends in the subsurface, and core data from wells that penetrate basement. Over the last 35 years more than 8000 meters of basement core has been recovered from 26 deep wells at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site. This core provides the only known exposure of basement terranes that lie SE of the Carolina terrane in central South Carolina, beneath Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Core from these wells, along with structural trends defined by aeromagnetic lineaments, allow us to define four distinct units within the basement beneath the Coastal Plain: (1) the Crackerneck metavolcanic complex, (2) the Deep Rock metaigneous complex, (3) the Pen Branch metaigneous complex, and (4) the Triassic Dunbarton basin series. The Crackerneck Metavolcanic Complex underlies the NW quarter of the site. It is dominated by intercalated mafic greenstones, felsic tuffs, and lapilli tuffs, all metamorphosed under lowermost greenschist to subgreenschist facies conditions. The Deep Rock metaigneous complex consists of two units: the Deep Rock metavolcanic suite and the DRB1 metaplutonic suite. The Deep Rock Metavolcanic Complex comprises mafic to felsic metavolcanic rocks that have been metamorphosed under middle to upper amphibolite facies conditions. The DRB1 metaplutonic suite includes hornblende diorites, hornblende quartz diorites, and tonalites. Rocks of the Deep Rock metaigneous complex were metamorphosed under upper greenschist to lower amphiblolite facies conditions. The Pen Branch metaigneous complex also consists of two units: the Pen Branch Metavolcanic suite (amphibolites, garnet amphibolites, and garnet-biotite schists, all metamorphosed under upper amphibolite to lowermost granulite facies conditions), and the PBF Metaplutonic suite. The PBF Metaplutonic suite were originally granodiorites metamorphosed under upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies conditions, but many metaplutonic rocks of this suite have undergone extensive hydrothermal alteration under greenschist facies conditions, during which potassic fluids infiltrating along fractures replaced calcic feldspar with K-feldspar, causing severe depletion of CaO and Sr, addition of K2O and SiO2, and coloring the rocks bright pink. All of the metaplutonic and metavolcanic rocks have calc-alkaline fractionation trends, consistent with formation in active, subduction-related arc terranes. Reported crystallization ages of ≈619 Ma (Deep Rock Metaigneous complex) to ≈626 Ma (Pen Branch Metaigneous complex), however, show that these rocks do not correlate with accreted arc rocks that lie closer to the Grenville margin (Carolina terrane) because the latter are too young (≈535 to 570 Ma). The Crackerneck Metavolcanic complex may however, correlate with rocks of the Carolina Slate belt (Persimmo


Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in whiplash injuries is usual. The author describes the mechanism of this joint dysfunction and the physiopathology of tinnitus and associated balance disorders.


By investigating thoroughly the tunable behavior of coupled modes, we highlight how it provides new means to handle the properties of spin transfer nano-oscillators. We first demonstrate that the main features of the microwave signal associated with coupled vortex dynamics i.e. frequency, spectral coherence, critical current, mode localization, depends drastically on the relative vortex core polarities. Secondly we report a large reduction of the nonlinear linewidth broadening obtained by changing the effective damping through the control of the core configuration. Such a level of control on the nonlinear behavior reinforces our choice to exploit the microwave properties of collective modes for applications of spintronic devices in novel generation of integrated telecommunication devices.


This paper work is aimed to give a comprehensive view about the links between computation regarding data hierarchy through data cubes and data mining. The paper discusses the possibilities of hierarchical data computation, data mining and knowledge discovery. In this paper data mining algorithms are analyzed and the extracted knowledge is represented using On Line Analytical Processing cubes systems. The performance of the computational techniques and the ability to interpret it is have taken with vital importance. Also the resulting proposals have presented to be easy to understand. This is where the data cubes computational techniques come into picture as they satisfy the today's requirements.


approved: Redacted for privacy Andesitic and rhyolitic magmatism was active during the midTertiary (Early Miocene) of the Ash Peak area, southeastern Arizona. Andesitic magmas of similar composition both preceded and followed the lowand high-silica rhyolitic magmas. The changes from andesitic to rhyolitic and back to andesitic volcanism is postulated to be the result of local variations in the tectonic regime. Parental basalts formed by either processes of subduction or extension may have ascended through the crust at differing rates in response to the tectonic regime. Under pre-extensional and postextensional conditions, parental basaltic magmas may have ascended slowly relative to extensional conditions. Loss of heat would induce crystallization of the basalt and drive the composition toward intermediate compositions. Elevated abundances of trace elements in the andesitic rocks suggest that the fractionating magma underwent cycles of fractionation punctuated by replenishment of parental basaltic magma. Extensional tectonic conditions may have allowed the parental basaltic magmas to ascend rapidly to the crustal level at which they became bouyantly compensated. They may then have acted as sources of heat and volatiles for the partial melting of the crust to produce parental rhyolitic magmas similar in composition to biotite rhyolite. Crystal fractionation models provide a reasonable representation of the observed petrochemical abundances of the later rhyolites. Petrochemical abundances of the rhyolites suggest that the suites of biotite rhyolite to biotite tuff/crystal-rich rhyolite to Ash Peak Glass follows a crystal Fractionation trend. The crystal-poor rhyolites are modelled by mixing parental magma into the Ash Peak Glass magma chamber followed by crystal fractionation. Porphyritic rhyolites were modelled as hybrid magmas formed by the mixing of either biotite rhyolite or upper andesite magmas with crystal-poor rhyolites and compensating for the observed phenocryst assemblage. Abundances and patterns of trace elements in ore and gangue minerals of gold-silver-carbonate-silica and carbonate-manganese oxide epithermal vein deposits of Ash Peak suggest that they crystallized from a common hydrothermal fluid. The fluid is proposed to be an aqueous phase that separated from the biotite rhyolite magma. Oxygenated meteoric waters increasingly depleted the hydrothermal fluid of Ce as it ascended to higher levels. Magmatism and Mineralization of the Ash Peak Area, Arizona: Petrochemical Interpretations


In the process of unconventional emergency management, undoubtedly, grasping the real-time change of event harmfulness and the evolution trend can help decision-making and disposal. A computable event state trend monitoring model ESMM is proposed. Based on the real-time scenario in the process of the outbreak, disposal and recovery of event, the model extracts the information related to event harmfulness and judges the evolutionary trend of event by real-time evaluating the change of harmfulness of event disposal sequence and the difference between the decision-making goals and the actuality. The experiments show ESMM is operable model change and trend monitoring of real-time assessment of event harmfulness.


A dual gold/silver-catalyzed cascade C(sp3)-H alkynylation/iminoauration of 2-substituted pyridines with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents for the synthesis of indolizines is described. This novel reaction involves the formation of an alkynyl Au(III) species, a dual gold/silver-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization, and a subsequent iminoauration process. A number of indolizines bearing diverse functionalities were prepared in good to excellent yield. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction was efficiently conducted.