Within the field of multilevel power conversion structures, the paper deals with analysis and improvements of the H-Bridge-based power conversion structure. This is considered as a novel basic cell generally applicable to voltage-supplied power converters. Its fundamental properties as a three-level PWM conversion block are analysed for better definition of the output coupling reactor design requirements. As shown according to reported analysis of H-Bridge cell operation, two flux components are inherent with the function of the coupling reactor. A more clear comparative evaluation of bookish and other prototype solutions is achieved. On the same basis, a new family of coupling inductor structures is comparatively defined and presented for the first time. The new family is characterized by hybrid iron-ferrite cores, as far as its effectiveness is related to the feasibility of good separation between the two different flux components. Drafts of different hybrid core implementations are reported and related to power rating, namely U-C and E-C core families. A prototype design of a power U-C hybrid core is presented, according to 30 kW automotive traction application. Proper experimental test procedures are reported to model the different secondary effects, as for iron and skin effect losses.


The extract which a barley will yield when made into malt is frequently estimated on the Continent by measuring the extract obtained from the barley; this has some disadvantages.* It is evident that, were it possible, isolation and weighing of the complementary fraction, the " spent grains " of barley, would be an equally satisfactory method but it would probably take as long. The carbohydrate regularity principle (L.R. Bishop and D. Marx (this Journ. 1934, 62) suggests that a quick modification is possible.


In the retail electricity market, retailers play a very crucial role. They exchange energy through the grid and serve the load demand. Encouragement to deploy more renewable energy sources and storage devices (R&SD) is giving an opportunity to the retailers to install their own distributed generators (DG). In such cases, a market framework must be designed to maintain the rational behavior of an electricity market. In this paper, a retail market simulation model is framed considering R&SD owned by retailers. Profit earned by all retailers is maximized individually, and loss is also minimized from a utility point of view. In this way, this problem can be designed in many ways. Two distinct algorithms based on mixed-integer conic programming are proposed here, depending upon the different solution approaches. The first algorithm is solved as a multi-objective optimization problem (OP) using $\epsilon$-constraint method. The second algorithm is solved as mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) model, which is converted into a single objective OP. A non-cooperative game theory approach is employed in this algorithm to satisfy the multiple objectives for different players (retailers). The proposed methodology is implemented on the 16-bus distribution test system to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Results of the proposed algorithms are also compared with the existing algorithm comprising no retailers.


Background BTZ is approved for the treatment of MM via either SC or IV administration. The observed non-inferior efficacy (overall response rate after 4 cycles) and tolerability with SC administration of BTZ as reported in relapsed/refractory MM (Moreau et al Lancet Oncol 2011) has the potential to impact treatment outcomes in the clinical setting. However, there is a paucity of comparative effectiveness data on SC vs IV BTZ as initial therapy in MM in clinical practice. The main objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the treatment outcomes in NDMM pts who received SC vs IV BTZ in the US community oncology setting. Methods NDMM pts aged ≥18 yrs who received BTZ-based treatment within the McKesson Specialty Health/US Oncology Network between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2012, and had ≥2 MM-related visits and ≥6 mos9 follow-up through Jul 2014, were evaluated. Data were collected via the iKnowMed electronic health records database and supplemented with medical chart reviews. Cohorts stratified by route of administration were matched 2:1 as the Moreau study, and by age, gender, practice region, and performance status. Chi-square analysis (categorical variables), t-tests/non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests (continuous variables), and Kaplan-Meier methodology were employed. Univariate and multivariate Cox models adjusted for clinically relevant covariates were used for associations between cumulative BTZ dose and treatment outcomes. Results 372 NDMM pts who received BTZ were included; 248 received SC and 124 IV BTZ. Similar baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were observed in the SC and IV groups (Table 1). Median BTZ treatment duration was 4.4 and 4.1 mos in the SC and IV groups, respectively (p = 0.21). Among pts receiving SC and IV BTZ, 10% and 13% had dose reductions in the first 16 wks (p = 0.41) and the median time to dose reduction was 49 d in both groups. While observed median relative dose intensities were similar between the SC and IV groups (1.0 [range 0.67-1.2] vs 1.0 [0.5-1.3]; p = 0.89), a higher median cumulative BTZ dose of 25.8 mg/m2 (1.3-208.6) was observed in SC pts, vs 22.9 mg/m2 (1.3-105.9) in IV pts (p = 0.08). When dichotomized by median cumulative BTZ dose (24.7 mg/m2), a numerically greater proportion of SC pts vs IV pts received the higher dose (52% vs 48%, p = 0.38). Higher cumulative dose was associated with longer PFS and better response rate at cycle 4 (12 wks) in multivariate analyses (Table 2). Treatment outcomes were comparable between SC and IV BTZ; 2-yr overall survival (OS) was 81% vs 78% (Fig 1); 2-yr progression-free survival (PFS) was 75% vs 70% (Fig 2). In 204 response-evaluable pts (of 372 in the overall population with a median follow up of 19.1 mos [range 0.1-30.1] in SC pts and 20.8 mos [0.3-30.8] in IV pts), complete response/very good partial response rate was 16% vs 22%. Documented rates of adverse events in the SC vs IV BTZ groups were 34% vs 28% neuropathy (p = 0.27), 13% vs 10% thrombocytopenia (p = 0.57), 10% vs 5% neutropenia (p = 0.09), and 25% vs 24% anemia (p = 0.87). Conclusions The observed non-inferior treatment outcomes between SC and IV BTZ in NDMM pts are consistent with findings from the phase 3 relapsed/refractory MM trial. In addition, SC vs IV BTZ was associated with a trend towards higher cumulative dose, which was associated with improved response rate and PFS. These findings support extended therapy for higher cumulative dosage and better treatment outcomes as demonstrated in a prior phase 3 clinical trial (Benboubker et al NEJM 2014). Disclosures Rifkin:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ma:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Harrell:McKesson Specialty Health: Employment. Zhu:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Dow:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment; Takeda: Equity Ownership. Niculescu:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Bonthapally:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment.


This paper describes how the quartz crystal microbalance can be used to estimate both the molecular area and percent ionization of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers composed of fatty acids. This is done by doing a series of depositions of a variety of fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic acid) onto the quartz crystal. The added mass decreases the vibrational frequency of the crystal. Relating the frequency change for each layer to the molecular weight of the fatty acid allows one to estimate the molecular area and the mass of any other inclusions in the multilayers. The method assumes that the different fatty acids have similar structure under the same deposition conditions. The assumption that the multilayers do not contain water allows the mass of the inclusions to be related to the mass of metal ions and thus to the percentage ionization of the fatty acid. The estimates of the molecular area and percent ionization, as determined using this procedure, are compared to data in the literature obtained by other techniques.


In spite of the advantage of Genetic Algorithm (GA), premature is one of the serious problems in practice. In this paper, an improved GA based on adaptive operators and immigrant method is studied to solve the premature problem, and a method to accelerate circulation is adopted. The simulating results indicate that the improved GA has the characters of high convergent efficiency and quality of solutions in large search space.


According to the dynamic performance evaluation indexes of the vehicle, combining the performance requirements of the electric vehicle which paper studied, choosing the motor parameters, transmission ratio and the battery parameters respectively.The vehicle model is established in the ADVISOR software, simulation analysis is carried out on the dynamic performance. Results show that the selected parameters conform to the requirements of the dynamic performance, matching is feasible.


584Background: Diarrhea occurs in ~50% patients with mRCC receiving VEGFTKIs, and is a common cause of VEGFTKI Rx dose reductions/delays/interruptions. Stool bacteroides level directly correlates with diarrhea in these patients on Rx with VEGFTKI (Pal SK, Clinical Cancer Research 2015, PMID:26152743). Hypothesis was that mRCC patients on incidental antibiotics (ABX) which also target stool bacteroides will have less diarrhea, leading to improved Rx compliance, and improved outcomes on VEGFTKI. Methods: A retrospective study of mRCC patients with MSKCC intermediate or poor risk mRCC on 1st line VEGFRTKIs between 2005-2017. ABX usage was categorized by ABX bacteroides sensitivity at anytime during Rx with 1st line VEGFTKI along with the total number of days on ABX. 1st line VEGFRTKI progression free survival (PFS) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: 145 patients with intermediate (n = 123, 85%) or poor risk (n = 22, 15%) mRCC on a VEGFTKI were identified. ABX were presc...


Even if we do not know with certainty whether COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular events, we need to incorporate this concern into our practice.


Cyclopropyltetrazole (C3tz) and its nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes [M(C3tz)6](BF4)2] were isolated and characterized by elemental analyses, electronic spectroscopy, molar conductances, magnetic susceptibilities and single-crystal X-ray analyses.


The relationship between the teacher and curriculum from the traditional thinking is apart,which the relationship between the teacher and curriculum from the generative thinking can transcend.The relationship between the teacher and curriculum from the generative thinking is "teacher as curriculum".The meaning of "teacher as curriculum" is following.On the one hand,teacher is a kind of important curriculum resource.On the other hand,teacher can create curriculum.And teacher can acts as tacit curriculum,generative curriculum,experiencing curriculum.


The first scientific studies on the relation of Korean with the Altaic languages, especially Turkish, began in the 1920s. The first attempt to determine the connection of Korean with Altaic languages and its phonetic equivalence with those languages regarding its phonetic and stylistic structure was seen in the dissertation of B. D. Polivanov in 1917. The phonologically and morphologically comparative study of Korean and Altaic languages consists of "Remarks on the Korean Language" by Ramstedt in 1928. Despite Ramstedt's comprehensive study, the relation between Korean and other Altaic languages -Turkish, Mongolian, Tungusic- has not been entirely accepted. In this article, the case suffixes in Korean and Turkish are compared to further explore the cognateness of Korean with Altaic languages.


ABSTRACT Typha leaves are a rich source of fiber cables and these fibers can also be extracted by chemical retting method and these are easily bio-degradable, and eco-friendly. The main objective of present work is to assess the fiber characteristics such as FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and single fiber tensile properties by varying fiber extraction parameters. In the retting process, IR peaks clearly shows that there was a removal nonfibrous material (NFM). Using X-ray diffraction technique 67.61% crystallinity with a crystallinity index of 0.521 was observed. Fiber tips of SEM images confirm that by increase in chemical concentration and treatment time, there was more removal of NFM and fibrillation found. For the fiber extraction mainly two treatment particulars were varied i.e. sodium hydroxide (10, 20, and 30 gpl) and time (3, 4, 5, and 6 h). Out of various retting conditions, at 20 gpl with 4 and 5 h treatment time shows an excellent tensile strength of single fiber, i.e. 125 Mpa and 179.82 Mpa and 30 gpl with 4 hrs and 5 h observed moderate strength, i.e. 106.03 Mpa and 122.69 Mpa respectively.


The Affinity Laws for fans (and pumps) provide a way of determining new fan or pump speed given fan or pump performance curve data and a desired operating point (combination of flow rate and pressure) that does not fall on the curve. However, the affinity law calculations require using a point on the curve (hereafter referred to as the "basic point") to determine the new speed. Most references regarding the Affinity Laws do not give a clear description of the method for determining the "basic point", and improper selection of this point can affect the results considerably. This article describes the requirements for the "basic point," and presents an analytical solution to determine the "basic point" and the desired operating speed for the fan or pump to operate at the desired operating point conditions.


We developed new algorithm named RTM detecting seismic quiescence before large earthquakes. The RTM algorithm is a kind weighted parameter survey method, which taking into account region (R), time (T) and size of earthquakes (M) (Nagao et al., EPS, 2011). The most notable feature of the RTM algorithm is very sensitive to detect small change of seismicity. We applied the above RTM algorithm to 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake swarm and detected clear seismic quiescence in the western Kyushu Island. The seismic quiescence started at around beginning of 2015 and ended March 2016. The main shock of M7.3 occurred just the edge of seismic quiescence region. It is well consistent with the past examples (e.g. 1995 Kobe EQ). In the presentation, we would like to present the results of parameter search and robustness of the obtained quiescence. The figure shows the maximum of the seismic quiescence prior to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes. This study was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, under its Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program, and Resarch projects of Institue of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai university.


Stochastic frontier analysis with advanced methods.
In particular, it applies the approach proposed by Latruffe et al. (2017) to estimate a stochastic frontier with technical inefficiency effects when one input is endogenous.


The quantum phase space formalism proposed by Wigner is applied to radiation transport problems. It is shown that a generalization of the radiative transfer equation, which accounts for coherence effects, can be obtained within the second quantization formalism. A simplification in the case of stationary medium and slab geometry is considered and applied to low- and high-density plasmas. The obtained results indicate that spectra can be misinterpreted if the light's spatial coherence is neglected.


Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the surgical outcome of suture-free, glue-free limbal conjunctival autograft after pterygium excision. Design: This was a prospective, interventional, and hospital-based study. Materials and Methods: Forty eyes of 40 patients with primary pterygium were graded, and excision was performed by the single surgeon. To prevent recurrence-free LCAG was used with special surgical technique "subconjunctival resection of fibrovascular pteygium and cauterization of limbal base to destroy abnormal limbal cells along with resection of 7-mm pteygium." In this technique, we used patient's own blood as a bioadhesive. The eye was patched for 24 h postoperatively. Patients were treated with topical eye drop prednisolone acetate (1%) 1 drop six times per day with gradual tapering every week, eye drop moxifloxacin (0.5%) 1 drop four times per day, eye drop nepafanac (0.5%) 1 drop four times per day, eye drop carboxymethyl cellulose 1 drop six times per day, and carboxymethyl gel at night for 6 weeks. The outcomes were assessed regarding any recurrence, complication(s), and operative time at each follow-up visit on day 1, day 7, day 30, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: There were 30 males (75%) and 10 females (25%). The mean age of all the patients was −51.15 (51.15 ± 10.3 years), range 51–60 years. Cosmetic reason was the chief indication of surgery (11 eyes, 27.5%), followed by recurrent redness (nine eyes, 22.5%). There was no recurrence, and the most common complication was hemorrhagic graft (18 eyes, 45%). All grafts appear indistinguishable by 3 months and were free of symptoms. Average surgical time was 18 ± 2 min. Conclusion: (1) 8-mm LCAG with subconjunctival resection of fibrovascular pteygium and cauterization of limbal base to destroy abnormal limbal cells are very affecting in preventing recurrences. (2) Using patient's own blood as bioadhesive is associated with less postoperative discomfort, less postoperative time, and less complications.


Employees face and tackle financial decisions be it, savings, insurance or investment projects. Furthermore, financial instruments have become increasingly complex and individuals are presented with new and ever-more sophisticated financial products. Access to credit is easier than ever before and opportunities to borrow are plentiful. However, there is evidence that many employees are not well-equipped to make sound financial decisions. It is against this background that this study investigates determinants of financial literacy levels among employees of Kenya Ports Authority in Kenya.A sample of 500 employees was randomly selected to reflect the population of working class. Sampling was done using stratified multi-stage sampling to ensure that demographic and socio-economic considerations were represented in the population. A survey methodology was adopted with the design of self-administered questionnaires to capture the relevant information from the employees. Findings of the study suggest that the overall financial literacy level of the employees is low. Financial literacy levels gets affected by gender, age, education levels, other wealth factors and sources of information & financial advice, whereas it does not get affected by occupation status & type, and personal income. Recommendations made in this study will help employers and policy makers to devise appropriate strategies targeted at increasing the level of financial literacy amongst the population as well as provide sources of reliable financial advice. Keywords: Employees, Financial decisions, Financial education, Financial illiteracy, Financial literacy.


The rise in mortality of chronic conditions1 poses significant challenges to healthcare services and requires creative service solutions including palliative and end-of-life care for diverse population groups.2 High-quality care of incurable conditions and end-of-life states is a sensitive, demanding practice in which a balance is sought between the conflicting goals of prolonging life versus relief of suffering. In 2005, the Dying Patient Law was enacted in Israel to regulate end-of-life treatment and care. As a result of the new law, public awareness of this issue increased.3 This law determined that the only consideration in treating a dying patient should be the individual's wishes and suffering. Implementing this law, Maccabi HealthCare Services (MHS; the second largest HMO in Israel) offers a range of palliative care programs and end-of-life services to patients, including pre-hospice and hospice services. Pre-hospice care is provided to patients who do not meet the Law's definition of "dying patients." These patients are provided with follow-up care by an oncological nurse and consultations with a palliative specialist regarding a care plan, either in a hospital or home setting.


Background and objective: The relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetic nephropathy (T1DN) susceptibility/risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population is still controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with T1DN susceptibility and the risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population using the meta-analysis method. Method: A predefined literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies were performed to collect data from electronic databases. Results: Twenty-one articles were identified for the analysis of the association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with T1DN susceptibility and the risk of T1DM developing into T1DN in the Caucasian population. The ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with T1DN susceptibility and the risk of patients with T1DM developing T1DN in the Caucasian population. Sensitivity analysis according to a sample size of cases (< 100 vs ≥ 100) was also performed, and the results were also similar with the non-sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: The ACE I/D gene polymorphism was not associated with T1DN susceptibility and the risk of patients with T1DM developing T1DN in the Caucasian population. However, more studies should be performed in the future.


Objective To study the anti\|tumor effect of arsenic trioxide combining with cisplatin on the human hepatocarcinoma cells line QGY\|7701,and explore its mechanism.Methods Using MTT assay , flow cytometry and telomerase activiy detecting method etc. Results It was found that arsenic trioxide combining with cisplatin obviously increased the inhibitatory rates,apoptosis rate and inhibiting temolerase activity of the human hepatocarcinoma cells line QGY\|7701 than those of the corresponding individual drug groups. Conlusion Arsenic trioxide combining with cisplatin may obviously increae the anti\|hepatocarcinoma effect, its mechanism is mainly increasing the anti\|telomerase effect.


Using resource-based view and social exchange as theoretical foundations, this study attempts to examine: whether firms that are capable of providing more web functionalities are more likely to facilitate e-business diffusion, and whether firms with stronger partnership quality result in more mature e-business diffusion stages. Based on a survey of 170 IS managers from large organizations in Taiwan, this study uses one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's studentized range testing to investigate the research hypotheses. The empirical results show that different e-business diffusion stages (including initiation, implementation, and assimilation stages) can clearly be distinguished across web functionality (information, transaction, customization, and back-end integration) and partnership quality (partner interdependent, coordination, trust, and commitment). Based on the research findings, implications and limitations are then discussed for future possible research.


In 66 essays, reflections, articles, editorials, and comments culled from the last decade of his writings, the editor-inchief of MD "Medical News Magazine" and the "International Record of Medicine" presents a panorama of his views on medical history, esthetics, philosophy, science, and the humanities. Although the pageant is somewhat arbitrarily divided into eight groups with such titles as "The Tapestry of History," "The Philosophy of Medicine," "Through the Psychological Glass," and "The Artist's World," one may visit with this Renaissance man of today at any time or place. For the brief papers written in the rich, dramatic style of the romantic historiarn are displayed to inform informally, not to weight the mind. The scope of the volume, although broad is riot deep, although learned not scholarly. The author exhibits the glint of varied treasure without exploring or probing. Here one finds a heartwarming, nostalgic memoir to Santiago Ramon y Cajal, one of modern Spain's great medical teachers and experimentalists, alongside snapshot histories of public health, neurology, ophthalmology, and psychobiology. He also essays a chronicle on endocrinology, tracing the evolution of our knowledge of the adrenal gland. But Spain and psychiatry are the taproots of his thoughts and interpretations. He draws heavily on the culture of his motherland for his historical accountsDon Quixote and medicine, the story of a Spanish sorceress, among others-and equally on his specialty, telling of symbolism, physiodynamic therapies in psychiatry and biochemical aspects of that field of medicine. The roster includes a short story, "The Lives of Leonardo," which suggests the reason for Mona Lisa's smile-that it is the portrait of the artist himself, hiding the deep feeling that he might be master of the universe, but is held down by human limitation. To Marti, the true physician is a man of culture, of letters, of grace. This volume, from which one may pluck a pastille at will, is his invitation to become such a man. IRVING LADiMER


This paper traces the roots and foundations of the Urodynamics Society as a scientific urologic research society back to the postwar information explosion of the 1950s and 1960s. It describes the then‐separate islands of science and urologic practice which gradually became amalgamated through interdisciplinary and crossprofessional collaborations and networks, aided by generous government subsidies and wise university policies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 17:159–174, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The deterministic joint replenishment problem with multiple resource constraints is presented and its mathematic model is set up. On the basis of that, a full analysis is given of the relationship between decision variables T (basic cycle time) and kj (replenishment frequency of item j), then bounds on T and kj are obtained. A modified simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to search the optimal value within a much tighter range and the problem is effectively solved. The results of the example indicate that the algorithm can get a good solution and is applicable to larger problems.


: Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NO x trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NO x emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v / v ), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol. The low ignitability (quantified by cetane number) of the short carbon-chain alcohols leads to a higher proportion of premixed-type combustion, compared to diesel fuel combustion, thus increasing combustion noise and NO x emissions at low cylinder temperature operating conditions (low speed and torque). However, the higher heat of vaporization and lower adiabatic flame temperature of short carbon-chain alcohols overcome the effects of the higher proportion of premixed-type combustion, thus reducing NO x emissions, particularly at high cylinder temperature operating conditions. The high values of heat of vaporization of short carbon-chain alcohol fuel components and consequent reduction of in-cylinder temperature are responsible for high CO and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions, particularly at low cylinder temperature operating conditions (low load and speed). Results demonstrate that all tested alcohol/diesel fuel blends exhibit comparable benefits (reduction) on particulate matter (soot and soluble organic material) and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions, with a lower penalty in NO x and CO emissions compared to diesel fuel combustion. Furthermore, 1-propanol/diesel fuel blends exhibit lower acoustic emissions compared to ethanol/diesel fuel blends, under a similar renewable fuel component level. This is favored by a comparable level of oxygen content and the longer carbon-chain length of 1-propanol, compared to that of ethanol, enhancing polarity, cetane number and calorific value. It is thought that further fuel economy and emissions benefits with no detrimental effects on noise emissions and acoustic quality could be achieved by optimizing the alcohol level in the fuel blend, fuel additives and engine calibration, particularly injection settings, achieving a similar combustion profile to that of diesel fuel. However, this is out of the scope of this investigation and it is proposed for further studies.


The dependency of the smart grid is higher in terms of Wireless Sensors (WS) for flexible monitoring and control. Sensor nodes are required to sense, collect and process the real-time data and transfer it to the monitoring stations. Mostly, it is deployed in extremely rural areas where human access is limited making it vulnerable to cyber intrusion. In this paper, an easy, efficient and low memory usage program is proposed to detect False Data Injection Cyber Attack (FDICA) in very little time to protect the smart grid network. Each bus of the IEEE test system is represented by a connected graph node having a weight equal to 1. During FDICA the weight of the node changes and triggers the alarm if the change is below the predefined threshold value. MATLAB software is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method under different conditions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method detects the FDICA in minimal time increasing the resilience capability of the smart grid.


Embodiments provide a mobility management method of the present invention, a communication system and related equipment, wherein the mobility management method comprising: the mobile agent MA context and context-bound terminal; receiving a first location update request sent by the MA; based on the location update request and a first binding relation between the MA context and UE context, determining that the mobile terminal together with the MA. Using the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of location updates the entire system.


Under the equivalent load and the lateral earth pressure,the finite element method was used to analyze the integrated performance and opening conditions of the fabricated exterior wall,the stress distribution in cast-in-place piles,and the stress and strain distributions in the fabricated exterior wall.The research has discovered that the fabricated exterior wall may have small openings,the loading on the cast-in-place pile is rather continuously distributed,the stress in the pile shaft concrete is dominated by the compressive state to the tensile state along the direction of earth pressure on the pile,and the stresses on the top and bottom edges are rather concentrated.The results of this paper have an important significance for guiding the design and construction of similar fabricated walls.


The powerful picosecond master oscillator – power amplifier (MOPA) with double clad ytterbium doped tapered fiber as a buster amplifier has been demonstrated in the presented paper. The developed MOPA has 60ps pulses with 0.3mJ pulse energy and 5MW peak power.


Space charge behavior has been investigated in LDPE/MgO composite films including the different size of MgO particles with a diameter of several tens nm (nano) or a few mum (micro) when a dc high stress is applied to the sample at high temperature. It is believed that a positive packet-like charge is injected from the anode, and after that a negative packet charge is injected from the cathode. In the samples with relatively low content of MgO, the apparent velocity of positive packet-like charge in LDPE/MgO (nano) is faster than that in LDPE/MgO (micro) at a field of 150 kV/mm. Such generation of charges causes the enhancement of local electric field in the sample. However, almost no packet-like charge was observed in the sample with relatively high content of MgO irrespective of the filler size. It is considered that the addition of MgO filler to LDPE plays a role to reduce the enhancement of the electric field in the sample by suppression of both the positive and the negative charge injection into the sample.


Objective:To explore the effect of electric acupuncture and baclofen on the spasticity of stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Forty-eight stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.In both groups,the patients were orally administered with baclofen and subjected to routine rehabilitation training.Besides,the patients in treatment group were subjected to electric acupuncture.Modified Ashworth Scale and Barthel index were used to assess the degree of muscle tension and the activities of daily living(ADL) before and 60 days after treatment.Results:After treatment for 2 months,spasticity scores in treatment group were significantly reduced as compared with those before treatment and control group(P0.01).The ADL scores in the treatment group were obviously higher than those in the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The electric acupuncture and baclofen therapies could reduce spasticity of stroke patients and improve the ADL.


Drawing from the Bohmian formulation of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation, we present a self-consistent hydrodynamical method to describe electron dynamics in strong field light-matter interactions. Prototypical implementation is made for one-dimensional H atom embedded in short and intense laser pulses. The method provides very accurate electron densities and yields quantum trajectories that shed light on the electron dynamics, beyond the strong-field approximation.


In this paper, we described an ultrasonic airflow meter in a greenhouse using an acoustic reflection against a wall. The ultrasonic airflow meter is available for measuring the spatial mean wind velocity and direction, which consists of two sound probes and the wall of the greenhouse. Use of sound probes has advantage that the airflow accumulated along sound paths from a loudspeaker to a microphone is obtained in contrast to point measurements. The wind velocity and direction are calculated from time of flights (TOFs) of direct and reflected signals. The wind velocity and direction were measured in a greenhouse of 7.2 m × 29.0 m under factitious winds generated from two large electric fans located at the one side of the greenhouse. In addition, we detected air convection generated from two pairs of fans. These were measured every 20 seconds for 120 minutes. Regarding the measurement; by the proposed airflow meter and a reference; by a conventional one, their mean wind velocities were 0.12 and 0.15 (m/s), ...


It is a main direction of industrial application that manipulator performs grasping task in task space and combines obstacle avoidance planning. This paper presents an improved RRTConnect path planning algorithm IRRTC based on dynamic constrained space and admittance control. The sliding constraints on the Cartesian position space is used to search for the reachable path of the traction robot by the algorithm. For orientation control, a priori path is formed by artificially given constraint interval, and then the dynamic admittance control is modified by using the end grasping load moment estimated by the joint torque sensor of the manipulator as the constraint. At the same time, the algorithm designs a local escape algorithm based on the current state and target state of the robotic arm, which overcomes the problem that the traditional RRTConnect and RRT cannot escape the local minimum. The simulation and experimental results of the Xmate3 redundant manipulator show that a feasible path can be quickly searched based on constraints and local escape strategies, and a relatively optimal trajectory can be planned based on the original path by the optimized path and also meet the constraints. Within 3S, the average planning success rate is increased to over 90%, and without time constraint, the success rate is 100%, the efficiency is higher than other algorithms. Because the admittance control is used in conjunction with the joint torque feedback to maintain the dynamic correction of the end orientation, which improves the stability of the manipulator. The algorithm can be artificially designed to solve the obstacle avoidance and task constraints in disorderly grasping.


This paper presents an overview and rationale for a systematic, multidimensional, theory-driven model of consultation for the school psychologist based on the Teacher Variance approach. Teacher Variance, a combination of five theoretical approaches to preventing, diagnosing, and remediating misbehavior, suggests a solution for the treatment of teacher resistance. The model is a logical combination of predominate theories of personality and behavior, including behavior/cognitive, biophysical, psychodynamic, humanistic, and ecological systems. These orientations are utilized when appropriate in relation to the teacher's preferred approach and when supported by empirical research. Following a description of the model and a brief overview of teacher attribution, case studies are presented illustrating the power of a flexible orientation for school psychologists to employ when conducting school-based consultation. (Contains 59 references.) (Author/JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Treatment Integrity and Satisfaction Using the Teacher Variance Approach: A Multidimensional Method for Dealing with Teacher Resistance by Irwin A. Hyman Kris Winchell Timothy C. Tillman U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


This article reviews prison crowding research. In the first section, the legal, political, and social context of prison crowding is evaluated. The second section explores the relationship between crowding and violence. It is argued that most prison crowding studies do not investigate intervening mechanisms that may account for a relationship between crowding and violence, if and when a relationship is found. Furthermore, it is suggested that one reason for the inconsistency in the results of such studies is that researchers have failed to examine the proximal causes of violence as well as the formal mechanisms prison administrators use to control or limit violence. In the third section, I reexamine the evidence on the most consistent finding in the crowding and health area, that dormitories are associated with higher illness reporting rates than are other types of housing. I conclude that this finding is probably an artifact of selection bias. Furthermore, illness reporting is the result of a complex set of circumstances that is affected as much by psychological and sociological causes as by the health status of the inmate. Despite the prevailing sentiments about the harmful effects of crowding, there is little consistent evidence supporting the contention that short- or long-term impairment of inmates is attributable to prison density. The purported consistency of findings is challenged in the fourth section. One reason for the lack of consistency may be that researchers have failed to consider management interventions under periods of high confinement and have failed to account for conditions other than crowding that affect inmate debilitation.


In this paper,the performance,application scope and productive conditions of the high viscosity building paint sticky powder were discussed.The development of building decorative trade would provide a good chance and the high viscosity building paint sticky powder would replace the poisonous,harmful and poor quality paint sticky.


The performances of a wideband passive repeater including two broadband antennas and a coaxial line are analyzed both from full-wave electromagnetic simulations and measurement data over 1.6 GHz bandwidth centered at 4 GHz. For carrier signal level lower than the detection threshold, the use of passive repeater can significantly improve the reliability of the wireless link.


This paper provides an overview of theoretical texts and critical essays which enable students to contextualize twentieth century anglophone literature and understand the key concepts, preoccupations and motifs of this literary period. Students are introduced to some seminal works in the field of literary theory and cultural studies, such as those written by Roland Barthes, Louis Althusser, Frantz Fanon, Aime Cesaire or Terry Eagleton. In addition, essays written by Seamus Heaney and Adrienne Rich are included in the syllabus, with a view to representing these poets' explicit poetics and making their poetry more accessible to students. The paper represents briefly each of these texts, while also discussing how they may be applied to the study of literature.


This paper presents ideas for design, implementation and results of creation of computerised seminatural simulators of the different heterogeneous objects. The presented approach extends well known solutions for object simulators creation using the program generation technique. Simultaneous co-design of the control system and the simulator is explained as well. Both stand-alone and distributed objects and control systems are included in the presented work. Examples of different implementation of the presented approach are presented.


Most stars previously identified as Maunder minimum stars are old stars evolved off of the main sequence. Analysis of activity measurements from the California and Carnegie Planet Search program stars and Hipparcos parallaxes implies that the canonical age-chromospheric activity relation breaks down for stars older than ∼ 6 Gyr when activity is calculated from Mount Wilson S values. Stars only 1 magnitude above the main sequence exhibit significantly suppressed activity levels which have been mistaken for examples of Maunder minimum behavior.


dated, later in the second century. If these four stones are indeed of the same date, then it follows that RIB 2054 cannot date to late in the reign of Hadrian, since there is no occasion then for rebuilding west of Benwell. It therefore seems improbable that the turf wall west of Milecastle 54 was rebuilt in stone late in Hadrian's reign. Since it is unlikely that that rebuilding was delayed to late in the second century, it probably dates to c. A.D. 158. Probably II Augusta was involved in restoring the stone wall in the area west of Benwell, after the gap in occupation occasioned by the advance into Scotland under Antoninus Pius, as well as in rebuilding the final stretch of turf wall west of Milecastle 54 at the same time. The comparatively elaborate style of decoration of all four stones would certainly fit this date in the reign of Pius very well. Even more elaborate decoration appears on some stones from Benwell itself set up by II Augusta. These are RIB 1341, 1342, and I344. All feature the Capricorn and Pegasus, while the second and third record work by coh. II and coh.X respectively. It is not unreasonable to suggest that these stones may also belong to a quite extensive rebuilding in and to the west of Benwell fort, in or about A.D. 158. The same date may be appropriate for the dedication RIB 1330, which records (in the reign of Pius) a centurion of II Augusta, M. Liburnius Fronto. At the same date, A.D. 158, and a little further west, VI Victrix was involved in rebuilding: RIB 1389 records such activity in that year, and the use of REF(ecit) is quite explicit. After the advance into Scotland under Pius, it would appear that much of the Wall in the sector from Benwell to the west was demolished, and extensive rebuilding was required at the time of the re-occupation of Hadrian's Wall as a frontier line in A.D. I58. Why this should be is unfortunately not clear. But it seems very likely that RIB 1388, recording rebuilding by coh.X of VI Victrix, and RIB 1385, 1390, and 1391, recording rebuilding by Cohorts IV, VIII and X of XX Valeria Victrix, all belong to the same date.


The feedback signal gained is rather weak when measuring the inner temperature of a rotator by non-contact way. And sometimes this signal is interfered with some other low level signal else. In order to show the temperature correctly, a method of judging true feedback signal by the use of phase detecting was introduced in this paper.


Objective To explore the prognostic factors of patients with stage Ⅲ breast cancer.Methods 260 stage Ⅲ breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed.The prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model.Results The 5-year survival rate was 52.5%,neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC),regimen of NAC,differentiation of the tumor,vessel infiltration,hormone receptor status and endocrine therapy after operation were relevant to the prognosis of stage Ⅲ breast cancer in univariate analysis(P0.05).In multivariate analysis,the independent prognostic factors included carcinoma cell differentiation,NAC,efficacy of NAC,hormone receptor status(P0.05).Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for patients with stage Ⅲ breast cancer.Patients with poor differentiated carcinoma,negative hormone receptor should also receive combined modality postoperative treatment.


In current hypercompetitive markets, customer satisfaction is one of major requirements that enable
the company to generate some benefits to their business. This is also including the relationship with
the customers as a good foundation for the creation of loyalty and repeat purchase of customers.
However, the customer requirements are much more technically complex than in consumer market,
especially in service sector. On the other hand, the analysis of importance and performance assumed
on Kano method to measure customer satisfaction also lead to misleading the implications of
customer satisfaction since some scholars use this technique into symmetric and linear relationships
between attribute level performances. In this study, we poposes the approach on how to find the
priority improvement or the most significant element required for improvement based on Kano
method as a measurement basis ; using Kano manipulating graph, ranking level, and then a
simplification approach toward the graphs to enable the priorities / significant element required for
improvement determined and justified. To justify the approach proposed, some trials carried out in
service companies as the case of study.


"Rhyme" is one kind of external form, and more of an intrinsic spirit. QIN Guan Ci embodies "rhyme" from the perspective of feeling for the external things and way of expressing it: rhyme caught inside the heart of the poet and it is elusive and enthralling; agile rhyme which is, expressive and connotative. However, the "rhyme" of QIN Guan Ci still has the characteristics of a "declining rose", and if compared with that of LI Qingzhao, a better interpretation can be reached.


Clinical study to assess the effi cacy of intrauterine administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, a drug Filstim) in patients with a thin endometrium (< 7 mm), resistant to traditional treatments was performed. The study included 38 women with endometrium thickness < 7 mm, aged 35 to 46 years who received human chorionic gonadotropin. Women in this group were held all programs fertilization in vitro . Patients were randomized into two groups. 25 women was administrated Filstim, 13 women the standard endometrial preparation was performed using etenilestradiol, pentoxifylline, sildenafi l citrate. Clinical pregnancy was evaluation criteria. The results showed that G-CSF promotes thickening of the endometrium. Pregnancy in the group of Filstim occurred in 8 (32%) women. In the control group only in one (15%) women. The authors concluded that G-CSF use is a promising new method for solving the problem of resistant thin endometrium. However, further randomized control studies are needed to confi rm the eff ectiveness of this method


The oil-based drilling fluid is applied to shale gas drilling in Jianghan Oilfield.in order to reduce the environmental pollution of the waste oil-based drilling fluid,the composite agent for the recovery of the diesel oil in the waste oil-based drilling fluid is developed,and it is composed of demulsifier OPP of 1%,coagulant PAC of 800 mg/L and flocculant PAM of 800mg/L.The parameters of the diesel oil recovery technology are optimized,and the optimal technological parameters are demulsification temperature of 55~60 ℃,demulsification time of 60 min,centrifugal rotational speed of 3000 r/min and centrifugal time of 5 min.Under the optimal technological parameters,the recovery rate of the diesel oil in the waste oil-based drilling fluid reached to above 90%.The quality of the recycled diesel oil reaches to the standard of-10# light diesel oil in GB252-2000 and-10# motor diesel oil in GB/T19147-2003.The performance of the oil-based drilling fluid prepared with the recycled diesel oil is the same as that of base oil drilling fluid.


Response surface methodology can be used to construct global and midrange approximations to functions in structural optimization. Since structural optimization requires expensive function evaluations, it is important to construct accurate function approximations so that rapid convergence may be achieved. In this paper techniques to find the region of interest containing the optimal design, and techniques for finding more accurate approximations are reviewed and investigated. Aspects considered are experimental design techniques, the selection of the 'best' regression equation, intermediate response functions and the location and size of the region of interest. Standard examples in structural optimization are used to show that the accuracy is largely dependent on the choice of the approximating function with its associated subregion size, while the selection of a larger number of points is not necessarily cost-effective. In a further attempt to improve efficiency, different regression models were investigated. The results indicate that the use of the two methods investigated does not significantly improve the results. Finding an accurate global approximation is challenging, and sufficient accuracy could only be achieved in the example problems by considering a smaller region of the design space. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective

To evaluate the employment of the reusable laparoscopic hysterectomy clamp, Sinha's pedicle clamp (SpeC), in addition to intracorporeal suturing and/or endoloops during laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Design

A study of 21 laparoscopic hysterectomy procedures carried out between January 1995 and March 1996.

Interventions

A total of 52 pedicles were secured using clamps. We used 5-mm curved clamps (right and left), with a ratchet locking mechanism to secure the grip, for all the vascular pedicles while performing a laparoscopic hysterectomy. The pedicles were then ligated with endoloops using no. 1–0 Vicryl on a curved body needle. The clamp was then gently released as the endoligature or suture was tightened.

Conclusion

We are convinced that using clamps for laparoscopic hysterectomy would be safer than bipolar desiccation and the use of endo-staples and would avoid major urological and haemorrhagic complications.


Seeking truth is an activity for people to know the world and search for truth. Being pragmatic is an activity for people to transform the world and realize their values. Seeking truth and Being pragmatic combines organically truth and value, which realizes the dialectic unification of truth and value. To be a person seeking truth and being pragmatic, one must be pragmatic while seeking truth so as to realize the unification between truth and value in theoretical innovation and practical innovation.


Abstract : This report describes that Penetrating and Blunt (PEBL) injury-coding system, jointly devised by the Biophysics Branch and the Maryland Institute of Emergency Medicine. The code is based on the H-ICDA system. (Hospital adaptation of the International Classification of the World Health Organization). The PEBL code allows the inclusion of: (1) precise location of an injury including distinguishing parts of an organ; (2) dimensions of the injury; (3) detailed bone injury; (4) limited physiological responses; and (5) a special category describing hemopneumothorax. Both penetrating and blunt injuries can be coded by this system. The code facilities estimations of mortalities and medical workloads.


Abstract The Badak Field is located on the East Coast of Kalimantan approximately 40 Kilometers South of equator and 120 Kilometers North East of Balikpapan. It is part of Kutai Basin which includes the Mahakam river delta. It was discovered in January 1972 by drilling and testing Badak-1. Intensive development from 1972 to 1977 resulted in developing approximately 7 TCF gas reserves. These gas reserves were used to justify building the two train Bontang LNG Plant. The Plant was put on stream in June, 1977 and currently has a liquefaction capacity of 600 MMCF/D As of March 1978, 43 wells have been drilled including one dry hole. The majority of wells are dually completed. The 42 wells include 34 gas completions and 25 oil completions for a total of 59. Reservoir pressure range from 1590 to 5165 psi with temperature range between 129 and 276°F. Porosities between 14 and 32 percent and Water Saturation of 18-50% are present in various reservoirs in the field. Sixty Eight plus reservoirs are present between 3,700 and 11,000 Feet. Proved reserves are estimated at 7 TCF gas in place and some 108 MMSTB proven oil in places in 16 oil reservoirs. Current production is just over 600 MMCF/D, which is delivered to the Bontang LNG Plant. The 11,500 STB per day condensate and 10,700 STB per day of oil production are delivered to Santan Terminal for loading on.


At the present time simulation modeling is the popular tool for solution of problems of inspection of functionality and trial of the main modes of satellite control. The main task of this article is study of operation of motion control system of satellite under the influence of perturbing factors of space environment and control forces with the help of simulation modeling. In this regard the works on the development of simulation models of satellite control systems was carried out by home specialists in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which will allow to create the local scientific and technical basis for the development of motion control systems and navigation systems with the account of the latest achievements of science and technology.


An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) plasma source intended for future lithography applications is presented. The plasma source efficiently emits EUV light around 13.5 nm with 2% bandwidth. Debris mitigation and collector systems are successfully implemented to achieve a focused beam of debris-free EUV photons that can be used in EUV lithography.


Anitibiotics viz cefrtiaxone, cefaclor, Cefoperzone, Rifamcine, Chloramphenicol, Streptocycline and Bactronol, and bioagents viz., Trichoderma koningii, T. lingnorum T. viride; T. hamatum, T. hurzianum were tested against xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae by dual culture and multidisc rings techniques. Maximum inhibition zone was observed due to the treatment of cefoperzone (22.23%), while minimum with streptocycline (12.23%). Similarly maximum inhibition zone was observed due to the bio-agent Trichoderma hamatum (17.6%)followed by T. harzianum (16.42%).


: The effective implementation of curriculum ideology and politics depends on how to optimize the teaching design and realize the goal of morality education while organically combining knowledge imparts with value guidance. This paper takes Describing Jobs and Job Responsibilities project teaching of "Comprehensive Business English" as an example to explore the natural integration of ideological and political education in the teaching design, specific implementation and practical effects of output-oriented method (POA), and discusses how to improve English language skills and promote students to establish good professional values in the process of business English teaching, so as to effectively realize the organic integration of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability cultivation to improve the teaching effect.


Sir, We read the article by Stedenfeldt et al., evaluating the geometrical properties of episiotomy and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS), with interest. We would like to compliment the authors for their work, which addresses an important clinical question that has a significant impact on women globally. However, we would like to discuss some points with a view to clarifying the message intended. Firstly, Stedenfeldt et al. compared their result, of an association between a scar episiotomy angle <15 and OASIS, with that of Andrews et al., who found an association between a suture angle of 26 and OASIS. In justifying this comparison, the authors refer to the study by Kalis et al., suggesting a 12 episiotomy angle shrinkage at 6 months after delivery. However, this is potentially misleading because Kalis et al. reported a mean angle shrinkage of 12 when comparing incision and scar angles, and not suture and scar angles. Furthermore, the authors extrapolate evidence from studies investigating the angle shrinkage of mediolateral episiotomies, and use it to support their findings concerning healed lateral episiotomy. In our opinion, the validity of this argument is moot because it does not take into account the effect that the site of incision and the repair technique might have on tissue healing. Secondly, the authors reported no difference between the mean episiotomy angles of their cases and controls. However, they identified a statistically significant association between OASIS and the episiotomy length (e), depth (b) and distance of the starting point of incision to the posterior fourchette (d). In clinical practice, e, angle of incision (a), d and its timing are the only primary independent characteristics considered by the accoucheur. In contrast, b is a secondary variable determined by the other parameters, as stated by the authors in the discussion. Therefore, in our opinion, presenting the additional variable b for consideration by the operator is of limited clinical value. Interestingly, the impact of the primary independent parameters on b can offer a plausible explanation for the difference in the risk association between the angle of incision and OASIS in lateral, compared with mediolateral, episiotomy. In a lateral episiotomy, increasing a, d and/or e could increase b. However, in mediolateral episiotomy (where d = 0), b is only determined by a and e. Hence, changes to a affect b more markedly in mediolateral episiotomy. Finally, we recognise that one major limitation for the authors in discussing their findings is that all other studies addressing episiotomy characteristics and risk of OASIS investigated mediolateral episiotomy. We believe both types of incisions have inherent critical differences in the type of structures cut, the mechanism of unloading the perineum and in the repair technique; hence, data from episiotomyrelated studies should be interpreted in the context of the type of episiotomy performed. j


The projective synchronization between the different chaotic systems is investigated based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The nonlinear feedback controllers are designed through constructing a Lyapunov function. The chaotic systems are synchronized by adjusting the feedback gain coefficients. This method can be applied for identical systems. Numerical simulations show that the synchronization method works well. Keywords-Projective synchronization, Chaos , Lyapunov function, Nonlinear feedback


Motivation is an important factor in the development of gifted
students. There are several motivational methods that are based
on the intrinsic motivation of students. One of these methods
is the motivational excursion to research center. An example of
such appropriate research center suitable for the excursion is
CERN in Switzerland. Study presents the motivational efficiency
of excursion to CERN. Research methods are questionaire and
design-based research.


As mobile devices become increasingly smarter and more powerful, so too must the engineering of their software. User-interface driven system testing of these devices is gaining popularity, with each vendor releasing some automation tool(s). We feel that these tools are inappropriate for amateur program- mers, an increasing fraction of the app developer population. We present MobiGUITAR for automated GUI-driven testing of Android apps. MobiGUITAR is based on observation, extraction, and abstraction of the run-time state of GUI widgets. The abstraction is a scalable state-machine model that, together with test coverage criteria, provides a way to automatically generate test cases. We apply MobiGUITAR to 4 open-source Android apps, automatically generate and execute 7,711 test cases, and report 10 new bugs. A number of bugs are "Android-specific," stemming from the event- and activity-driven nature of Android.


Preface Goethe and Wittgenstein Criticism without theory Wittgenstein's romantic inheritance Arnold and the socratic personality The dissolution of goodness: Measure for Measure and classical ethics Lamarque and Olsen on literature and truth The definition of 'art' Poetry and abstraction Larkin's 'Aubade' Bibliography Index.


Poster: "ECR 2014 / B-0600 / Gender and age aspects of hippocampal anatomy in MDD patients compared to healthy volunteers using methods of MR morphometry" by: "T. Rostovtseva, R. Ezhova, N. Ananyeva; St. Petersburg/RU"


Limited training in the use of Information Resources has been introduced in the curricula of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences since 2003. In the academic year 2008-2009 a structured course in Library and Information Sciences has been integrated in the curriculum of the first bachelor in Biomedical Sciences, preparing a research career. The aim of the course is digital literacy. Beside the theoretical teaching, e-learning and self-learning techniques (portfolio, chat box, wiki), were used to learn technical competences in word processing, presentation software and spreadsheet. Search strategies were intensively trained in smaller groups in the PC-room. This paper summarizes the examination results of 138 students coming directly from middle school (K12-level, after secondary school). Three components were separately graded: theoretical knowledge by oral interrogation; technical competences using portfolio and a spreadsheet application; search strategy by a literature task, almost identical to the search exercises instructed during the semester. For the search strategy a paragraph of a text was chosen to formulate context-sensitive research questions, one to be selected and answered using a factual database, another to be answered using three different bibliographic databases. The student had full access on his PC to lecture notes, digital library and the internet. Strict instructions were written on the first page of the examination folder. 66 % successfully passed the theoretical oral part, 81 % the spreadsheet exercise. Portfolio was satisfactory in 92 %. Literature searching, however, was less successful: 43% of the students were unable to distil correct research questions from the text. The choice of index terms from a standard thesaurus (MeSH, Medical Subject Headings, which is the structured thesaurus from NLM - National (US) Library of Medicine) was successful in 68%. Only 25% of the students made the correct choice for factual or bibliographic databases, depending on the question, and 25% of the students correctly used the three bibliographic databases, exactly as written in the instructions. Limits were poorly used to make a selection of the best possible hits, mainly language, recent years of publication and subject. Limitation by publication type was selected by as few as 19%. The bad performance in the search tasks can be explained by poor basic literacy and by lack of critical reading training. The low number of students capable to phrase correct questions, and the failure in choosing the right database, despite the access to teaching material and explicit instructions, reflects poor reading capability and lack of critical and integrative senses. To become digital literate and to take profit of the power of digital technology in learning, basic literacy is more important than technical competences. The overemphasis on digital software in middle school programs, neglecting basic literacy and critical text analysis skills, might become a negative factor in the use of present powerful data and information resources and explain the sometimes disappointing results of digital learning.


Background: Despite the significant clinical benefit in hemoglobin A1c reduction, diabetes applications (apps) use is low. The goal of this study was to assess app usability based on the heuristics of intuitive designs and the Theory of Self-Determination on motivation. Diabetes apps were evaluated by clinicians and patients for motivational properties that target patient needs to learn blood glucose trends and patterns (competence), to personalize choices to change (autonomy) and to connect with healthcare providers (feel related). Method: Two top-rated Android apps, mySugr and OnTrack, underwent evaluation by four clinicians (three physicians and one diabetes nurse educator) and 92 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes on insulin. Each app was tested for seven diabetes-related tasks including data entry, analysis, report view options (by the day of the week and by meals), and report email. Clinicians evaluated if the app violated Nielsen9s Ten Heuristics on user-friendly designs. Both clinicians and patients completed a questionnaire on the ease of use - System Usability Scale (SUS). Results: OnTrack and mySugr target two behavior needs important for motivation in diabetes self-management. App usability was suboptimal to low. Clinicians rated an "F" for mySugr (15 ± 5) scoring Conclusions: Commercially available diabetes app usability was marginally acceptable to unacceptable according to clinicians and patients. Future diabetes app design needs to target patient motivation and incorporate key heuristic principles to provide self-tutorials, enhance graphical or screen views, and eliminate error-prone conditions. Disclosure H.N. Fu: None. T. Adam: Stock/Shareholder; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc. J.F. Wyman: None. Funding Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Sigma Theta Tau International-Zeta Chapter


In present study, various extracts using different solvents such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and
ethanol were subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Ethanolic extract showed the
highest activities in all antioxidant studies such as DPPH scavenging, ABTS scavenging and nitric
oxide methods but it is comparatively weaker than standard drug ascorbic acid. In vitro antidiabetic
activities were performed by using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition in both method ethanolic
extract showed highest activity, but the standard drug acarbose showed more potent than all other
extracts. The highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract may be due to the highest
content phenols and flavanoids. Therefore, the ethanolic extracts contains potent antioxidant and
antidiabetic compounds their isolation will help the invention of a new potent drug for the treatment
diabetes and oxidative stress.


This paper describes an optimum equalized read channel for a 6300 BPI (2385.8 bits per cm) moving head disk file, the ISS/Univac 8434 disk drive. The system uses the standard MOD-11 interface and employs defect skipping which masks up to 3 media defects on any track. A new run-length limited code is employed. Its efficiency is 50% higher than the standard MFM. The data rate of the system is 1.26 MBytes/sec. The equalization is a method of spectral shaping to COS4Kf in the frequency domain. The theory behind this spctral shaping has its origin in communication theory. This equalization is discussed relative to several system parameters and functions and is shown to be optimum for each of these. Disk files have historically employed equalization in the write channel (prewrite compensation). The disadvantages of this method are discussed.


This paper investigated the layered manganese dioxide with hydrate () deposits onto nitrogen-containing carbon nanotube (CNxNTs) as a hierarchical electrode for an energy-storage device. The dense and entangled CNxNTs were directly grown by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) on a carbon cloth (CC), and subsequently used as a current collector. By controlling the pH value of KMnO4 precursor solution, and incorporating nitrogen into CNTs as a reducing agent, the MnO2 thin layer was uniformly fabricated on the CNxNTs at room temperature by using a spontaneous reduction method. The role of incorporation nitrogen is not only capable of creating active sites on the CNT surface, but can also donate electrons to reduce to MnO2 spontaneously. From the measurements of cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic charge/discharge, MnO2/CNxNTs/CC composite electrodes illustrated excellent specific capacitance of 589.1 Fg−1. The key factor for high performance could be attributed to the thin-layered MnO2 nanostructure, which resulted in the full utilization of MnO2 deposits. Hence, the hierarchically porous MnO2/CNxNTs/CC electrodes exhibited excellent capacitive behavior for electrochemical capacitor application.


The traditional heating wall is still beneficial to most rural residents to keep warm in China,which has been used thousand years ago.Based on the principle of energy conservation,and the finite element numerical simulation method,the temperature distribution of two formal heating walls will be calculated and analyzed.The research will be concluded that the heating wall with inner PCM can release heat in the intermittent heating moment and reach the goal of time-delay and energy-saving,the indoor temperature fluctuation can be reduced also.The new kind of heating wall will imply a great remarkable of economic benefit.


AbstractExposure trials in different water supplies have been carried out using copper tubes having various degrees of carbon contamination in the bore. On exposure to a water that supports pitting, the electrode potential of highly-contaminated tubes increases to a value greater than the critical potential for pitting. On the other hand, tubes abrasively cleaned with iron or alumina grit to reduce the carbon to a low level have potentials less than the critical value. Experiments were carried out in which uncleaned tubes were transferred from a water that supports pitting to one that does not and vice-versa. The results lead to the conclusion that in a water that does not support pitting, cathodic polarisation occurs to such an extent that the electrode potential never exceeds the critical value for pitting, even in the presence of considerable carbon contamination.


This paper is dedicated to cabling on virtual braids. This construction gives a new generating set for the virtual pure braid group [Formula: see text]. We define simplicial group [Formula: see text] and its simplicial subgroup [Formula: see text] which is generated by [Formula: see text]. Consequently, we describe [Formula: see text] as HNN-extension and find presentation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. As an application to classical braids, we find a new presentation of the Artin pure braid group [Formula: see text] in terms of the cabled generators.


Research on similarity between user's query and web resource in search engine has been a very important issue on page ranking algorithm.The semantic architecture among terms are used to establish by HowNet,mining user's retrieval interest and a novel kind of term semantic similarity calculation is proposed,the similarity calculation between user's query and web resource could be acquired through web segmentation iteratively.The experimental results show that the improved algorithm could acquire a high precision rate and first-page hitting rate compared with traditional algorithm.


Splice steel tube and method for connecting a pile of steel tube and a column of steel pipe using the same. # A method for connecting a pile of steel tube and a column of steel pipe using a pipe socket of steel according to the present invention may include preparing the steel pipe joint including a joint supporting part covering a top end surface of the pile of steel tube; inserting a plurality of parts of splicing insert extending downwardly from the support portion splice and having a plurality of notches splice in a lower end portion thereof and a plurality of fasteners which are installed in the support portion splice; inserting splice joint notches steel tube in an upper end of the steel pipe pile; assembling the steel tube column in the support portion splice; and fixing the steel tube column and pile steel pipe using the plurality of fasteners from the splice holder.


Gompf proposed a conjecture on Cappell-Shaneson matrices whose affirmative answer implies that all Cappell-Shaneson homotopy 4-spheres are diffeomorphic to the standard 4-sphere. We study Gompf conjecture on Cappell-Shaneson matrices using various algebraic number theoretic techniques. We find a hidden symmetry between trace $n$ Cappell-Shaneson matrices and trace $5-n$ Cappell-Shaneson matrices which was suggested by Gompf experimentally. Hinges on this symmetry, we prove that Gompf conjecture for the trace $n$ case is equivalent to the trace $5-n$ case. We confirm Gompf conjecture for the special cases that $-64\leq \textrm{trace}\leq 69$ and corresponding Cappell-Shaneson homotopy 4-spheres are diffeomorphic to the standard 4-sphere. We also give a new infinite family of Cappell-Shaneson spheres which are diffeomorphic to the standard 4-sphere.


Because the Fox-Li diffraction integral iteration method is not suitable to calculate transverse-mode fields of a resonator with big Fresnel number, the tansfer matrix method is used for analysis of the eigen modes of an optical resonator. The process of this method is as follows: from the Collins Formula, the diffraction integral equation of a resonator is obtained and transformed to the finite-sum matrix equation. Finally, the transverse-mode distribution and loss of the resonator can be calculated by use of the eigen function and eigen value of the matrix. In this paper, the transfer matrix method is discussed, and the precision of the method is control. It is shown from the simulated results of a general confocal resonator that numberical results by use of the transfer matrix method are accord with that of the intergral iterative method, and the convergence problem of the intergral iterative method can be overcome and the analysis of laser resonators can be met by the transfer matrix mothod, as long as the calculation precision is reasonably controlled.


Eucalyptus sideroxylon was first introduced to China from Australia. This species has special morphological characteristics that make it a desirable tree for use in ornamental and garden applications. A study on the survival rate of E. sideroxylon cuttings involving different substrates, different rooting hormones and different concentrations of rooting hormones was made in order to identify the best treatments for vegetative propagation of this species using rooted cuttings. Results obtained showed that the hormone and the optimal concentration of this was 100 mg?L-1 ABT and the optimal substrate was peat with perlite. When a media comprising yellow soil + sand was used, NAA provided higher rooting percentages. Cutting propagation of this species in China could be used to provide the basis for further exploitation and utilization of this species as an ornamental resource in the future.


A new method for the analysis of self-heating temperature rise in multi-finger transistor structures is described. The method is based on a normalization of coupling in a predictor multi-finger structure, which is then applied to other structures in the normalized domain. Predicted results for normalized maximum temperature rise a variety of multi-finger structures are compared to analytic and numerical thermal simulation and found to be within 5%, making the method very useful for fast exploration of a design space.


We prove that if we consider p : Y → X to be an unbranched Riemann domain between two complex spaces with isolated singularities, X is Stein and p is locally q-complete with corners, then Y is q-complete with corners.


The anhydrous crystallization of an alkali basalt from the Azores was studied at 1 atm. total pressure and under $$p(O_{2})$$'s constrained by three gas mixtures: $$CO_{2}, CO_{2}/CO = 10 and CO_{2}/CO = 2$$. The effects of oxidation are to (1) increase the stabilities of spinel and clinopyroxene and to decrease those of olivine and plagioclase, (2) promote the crystallization of magnesioferrite-rich spinel and acmitic pyroxene, and (3) cause nepheline normative liquids to become saturated and oversaturated with respect to silica.


The proposed work describes the designing of PWM Modulator with increase reliability by triple modular redundancy with spare arrangement. The design, the synthesis, and the implementation of pulse width modulation (PWM) with increase reliability in Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The contribution of this proposed work will be the development of PWM Modulator in Xilinx Integrated System Environment (ISE) CAD tools and the VHDL modeling is used in the design process of PWM. The project develops high frequency PWM generator with increase reliability architecture on FPGA. The resulting FPGA frequency depends on the target FPGA speed grade and the duty cycle resolution requirements. In most industrial application due to the need of design integration in control systems, FPGA based PWM controller is advantageous over the other controller systems like microprocessor, microcontroller and so on. As geometries shrink and device counts multiply, opportunities abound to do incredible things within the confines of a single chip i.e. FPGA.


Protein synthesis and secretion in mouse uterine glands during the peri‐implantation period were studied, by both light and electron microscopic autoradiography, after the in vivo administration of tritiated leucine (3H‐leucine) and proline (3H‐proline). Light microscopic autoradiography revealed that the time course of synthesis and secretion of labeled proteins was constant during days four, five, and six of pregnancy. Labeled material could be detected in the glandular lumen by 45 minutes after administration and in higher concentrations by 90 minutes after administration.


Antitumor agents of a new structural type are reported. A number of cyanines with mono-, di- and tricyclic nuclei, merocyanines and oxonols have been i. p. screened for antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. Among these compounds, monomethin-, trimethin- and pentamethincyanines having naphthothiazole, naphthoxazole and benzindole nuclei resulted in a significant prolongation of the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Replacement of the conjugated chain system between the terminal two nuclei with a saturated aliphatic chain produced a marked decrease in the antitumor activity. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.


Background: The orthopaedic out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital plays a crucial role in the health care system as it attends to a large number of patients. The goal of the study is to observe the etiological patterns of common issues that prevail in an Orthopaedics OPD of a hectic tertiary care hospital, which could in turn help to understand the distribution of illnesses in a particular geographical area.Methods: Analysis of 1605 patient records was carried out from the period July 2020 to December 2020, to assess the orthopaedic out-patient load and prevailing diseases. Initial medical records of the patients were analyzed and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS software version 1.0.Results: The primary diagnosis of patients visiting the orthopaedic OPD during the Covid-19 period are observed to be as follows: acute and chronic back ache (27.29%), arthritis (26.23%), joint stiffness (10.03%), ligamentous sprains (9.84%), neck-related problem (6.92), tendinopathies and enthesopathies (6.60%), non-specific body aches (5.11%), post-operative follow-up (4.05%),bone fractures (2.37%), soft tissue injuries (0.93%), and neuropathies (0.62%).Conclusions: The study presenting the overview of diseases prevailing in an orthopaedic OPD in a tertiary care center could help in formulating better prevention and treatment strategies to overcome such medical conditions irrespective of the presence of a pandemic.


Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential tools for summarizing and communicating evidence and have become increasingly important in health care. Traditional narrative reviews may use informal, unsystematic and subjective methods to search for, accumulate and interpret information. This is often collected with a specific hypothesis in mind, without critical appraisal and summarized with an accompanying convenient narrative. Although narrative reviews may be conducted by people with expert knowledge, it may be the case that this expertise and experience can bias the authors and make them focus on a subset of studies based on preference, availability or author selection. In that case they would not be objective in assessing the literature and evidence. In contrast, a systematic review is defined as a review of the evidence based on a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select and critically appraise relevant primary research, and to extract and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review. Virtually all journals now adhere to certain standards and recommendations for systematic reviews. The Quality of Reporting of Metaanalyses (QUOROM) Statement, developed in 1996 and published in 1999, was conceived as a reporting guidance for authors reporting a meta-analysis of randomized trials (Moher et al., 1999). A revision of these guidelines, renamed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), addresses several conceptual and practical advances in the science of systematic reviews (Liberati et al., 2009; Shamseer et al., 2015). The PRISMA Statement has focused on randomized trials and meta-analyses of the selected studies and consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram, in which the process of screening and selecting studies is summarized. It can be downloaded through the link www. prisma-statement.org. In this and the past issue of the Journal, a number of systematic reviews are published, illustrating the value of reviews, but also the challenges they have to face (Huang et al., 2015; Saltzman et al., 2015; Stockton et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015). Meta-analysis of randomized studies is rarely a viable option in hand surgery research, given that randomized trials are infrequent. Much information is contained in studies of lower methodological quality. Thus other study designs, including non-randomized studies, quasi-experimental studies, interrupted time series or even retrospective studies, can be included in systematic reviews. The authors must ensure that their methods are reported with adequate clarity and transparency to enable readers to critically judge the available evidence and replicate or update the research. This challenge is illustrated by the article 'Clinical outcomes of proximal row carpectomy versus four-corner arthrodesis for post-traumatic wrist arthropathy: a systematic review' (Saltzman et al., 2015): only one prospective randomized trial could be identified and the selection of studies was extended to include retrospective studies. Although the authors aimed at analysing data in studies in which the pre-operative demographics were not significantly different in the treatment groups, this was not always possible, e.g. preoperative motion was statistically significantly better in the group that underwent proximal row carpectomy. Even more important, in some of the source articles, cases were unevenly selected in the treatment groups: the fourcorner fusion group could contain cases with midcarpal joint arthritis, making this group obviously different from the group selected for proximal row carpectomy. The selection of studies must – to a certain extent – be restrictive concerning the quality of their methods, but other limitations may also be relevant. In the systematic review on total wrist arthroplasty (Yeoh and Tourret, 2015), the search was restricted to the last 5 years. In the context of wrist arthroplasty, this is rational: there is no need to include articles of mainly historical value, starting with Themistocles Glück in 1890 and proceeding with implants that are no longer in use, or only have a short follow-up period. In that context, the minimum criterion for the follow-up period (12 months) used in both studies on arthroplasty is surprising, especially as implant survival was considered a key outcome measure. A strong point may also be not restricting the search to articles written in English, especially not in a European journal. In the systematic review on ulnar impaction syndrome, it is stated that there were no restrictions regarding language and that the authors of articles not written in English were contacted for translation. This is truly systematic in the spirit of the PRISMA-statements! Likewise, the meta-analysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) About systematic reviews 573151 JHS0010.1177/1753193415573151Journal of Hand SurgeryEditorial research-article2015


Design details are given for a stable optical pointing telescope for radio astronomy. The telescope is a 100 mm f/15 refractor with the objective glued to a ring of three blade flexures, an insulated and vented Invar tube mounted on flexures, and an axially symmetric camera mount. For a pair of identical telescopes, the rms differential pointing stability is 0.1′′ hr-1 over 2 hr, 0.05′′ day-1 over 3 days, 0.03′′ K-1, and 0.1″ after a 90° change in elevation.


The invention provides a sound synthesizing apparatus, a sound processing apparatus, and a sound synthesizing method. The sound synthesizing apparatus includes a waveform storing section which stores a plurality of unit waveforms extracted from different positions, on a time axis, of a sound waveform indicating a voiced sound, and a waveform generating section which generates a synthesized waveform by arranging the plurality of unit waveforms on the time axis.


The authors distinguished problems of professional training of graduate students for pedagogical activity and there were presented ways of their solution.


This article examines the influence of financial knowledge and personality traits on risky borrowing behaviors among Iranian respondents. A proprietary dataset was used in this study. Logistic regression results indicated that numeracy and knowledge of the time value of money were negatively associated with two of the three risky borrowing behaviors (borrowing more than $1500 USD and use of rent-to-own). Conscientiousness was negatively related to the same two borrowing behaviors. Neuroticism negatively influenced use of payday lending. The article concludes with financial education policy suggestions for Iran and directions for future research.


The use of high voltage [above 200V] electronic IGBT drives is increasing. To avoid destructive SEB of high voltage devices in the atmospheric neutron radiation environment, derating is recommended. The EPICS method is used to investigate actual IGBT and diode voltage stress margins for 2 manufacturers, both below and at SEB


A dual-band (DB) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) six-port front-end implemented in MIM technology is presented. The six-port front-end circuit consists of three DB quadrature couplers and one Wilkinson power divider. It operates in two frequency bands centered at 4.2 GHz and 5.2 GHz


In an attempt to increase the specificity of a gel-diffusion technique in stephanuriasis, whole swine serum and extracts of excretory glands from Stephanurus dentatus were fractionated by densitygradient ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation coefficients of extract fractions 1, 3, 5, and 7 were 2.7, 3.4, 7.2, and 14.4 S as compared to 3.4 and 8.0 S of the whole extract. Only the extract fractions from the top half of the gradient formed precipitin lines with serum from noninfected animals. All the extract fractions from the gradient, however, formed lines with serum from infected animals although there was some separation of antigens. Pressure filtration of fraction 1 of the excretory gland extract also achieved some separation of antigens. None of the precipitins in the density-gradient fractions of serum of infected and noninfected swine were macroglobulins. Tromba and Baisden (1960) first reported on the use of a gel-diffusion test in experimental infections with Stephanurus dentatus. They expanded this study to include naturally infected animals and a larger number of experimentally infected animals (Tromba and Baisden, 1963). These studies revealed two limitations in the gel-diffusion technique that militated against its use as a diagnostic tool: (1) the serums of infected animals were not positive during the whole course of infection, and (2) the serums of noninfected animals formed two lines (serums of infected animals formed five to seven lines). In subsequent work, attempts were made to prepare a more specific antigen and to eliminate the reactions with serums from noninfected animals. Using a biological method of purification, Tromba and Baisden (1964) dissected worms and prepared extracts of organs in the hope that they contained more specific antigens than the whole worm extracts. This study showed that, with serums from infected animals, extracts of the excretory glands gave lines of the same classifications as did the whole worm extracts. Unpublished experiments showed that these extracts also reacted with serums from noninfected animals in the same manner as whole worm extracts. Using a chemical method of purification, Baisden and Tromba (1963) found that DEAEcellulose chromatography separated some of the proteins in whole worm extracts but did not separate the specific antigens. In unpublished experiments, using the same method, these workers found that the antigens reacting with serums from noninfected animals fell into one fraction from the chromatographic column. Another possible purification method was ultracentrifugation. This possibility rested on the finding that serums from noninfected animals formed precipitin lines close to the serum wells in the diffusion technique, indicating either that the antigens were small or that the antibodies were macroglobulins. In either event, the specificity of the technique could be increased. For if the antigens were small, they might be separated from the large ones by ultracentrifugation. If the antibodies were large, they might be inactivated by mercapoethanol, a reducing agent which cleaves macroglobulins (Kunkel, 1960). The present study was, therefore, undertaken on the molecular size of the reactants in swine serum and in extracts of the swine kidney worm excretory gland. The size estimates were furnished by density-gradient and analytical ultracentrifugation. To confirm the size estimates and to explore a potential purification method, a pressure filtration study was also made on one density-gradient fraction from an excretory gland extract. Received for publication 27 April 1964.


Objective
To observe the clinical efficacy of locking plate in the treatment of old distal radius fracture.

Methods
From January, 2010 to March, 2016, 38 cases of old distal radius fractures were treated with volar or dorsal locking plate. They were 17-77 years old, with a mean age of 51.1. According to AO classification, there were 16 cases of type A, 10 type B, and 12 type C. 27 cases were operated by volar approach, and the other 11 cases by dorsal approach.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 57.1 months (15.6 to 90 months). According to Cooney wrist score standard, the results were excellent in 21 cases, good in 12, and fair 5 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 86.8%.

Conclusion
The malunion of old distal radius fracture significantly affects the wrist joint function. The treatment should focus on restoring the anatomical angle of the distal radius and the articular surface smoothness. Active rehabilitation exercises after operation can promote the functional recovery of wrist joint.

Key words:
Distal radius fracture; Old fracture; Internal fixation; Locking compression plate


The institutional dependence of the cultural industry in its growth is investigated through an analysis of the cinema as a specific sector of the cultural industry. The influence of social and economic factors on the supply of the Brazilian film market is discussed. Collected data analyze the impact of social and cultural capital on the supply of movie theaters of the film industry in the Brazilian states. Results show that institutional factors are important to define the national film supply and therefore the implementation of public policies for the sector is viable from the social and economic points of view.


Diluted samples of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 with SiO2 were prepared by calcination of the MCM-41 molecular sieve soaked in precursor solutions with various concentrations (0.1, 0.05 and 0.005 mol/l). The diluted samples from the 0.1, 0.05 and 0.005 mol/l solutions showed ferromagnetic behavior in temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility below ≈300, ≈250 and ≈100 K, respectively. The electron binding energy of the La 3d5/2 main peak of the diluted samples from the 0.1, 0.05 and 0.005 mol/l solutions were 835.7, 836.0 and 837.4 eV, respectively, and were larger than that of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 bulk sample (834.2 eV). Reduction in intensity of the La 3d charge-transfer satellite was more pronounced for more diluted sample. The Mn 2p3/2 main peak of all the diluted samples remained at 642.2 eV, which is larger by 0.6 eV than that of the bulk sample (641.6 eV). The charge-transfer peak energy in the optical absorption spectra was the same (2.3 eV) for all the diluted samples, and the energy was larger by 0.4 eV than the bulk one (1.9 eV). The dilution caused localization of charge carriers within the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 lattices isolated by the insulator. Suppression of charge flow between the isolated La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 lattices resulted in the enlargement of the La 3d electron binding energy and the decrease of the La 3d charge-transfer satellite peak intensity, and also the lowering of the ferromagnetic ordering temperature.