We demonstrate a two-component detection of a coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance based on virtually imaged phased array (VIPA). After passing through a VIPA, the two coupling lights with different frequencies in the CPT experiment are separated in space and detected individually. The asymmetric lineshape is observed experimentally in the CPT signal for each component, and the comparison with the conventional detection is presented. The shift of the CPT resonant frequency is studied with both the two-component and one-component detections. Our scheme provides a convenient way to further study the CPT phenomenon for each frequency component.


The employment status quo of collegiate graduates in Liaoning Province is analyzed by using the latest data,and the causations of employment pressure of them are summarized from four aspects,namely,the government,colleges and universities,enterprises,and graduates.Through deep-seated studies on the employment policies of the government,the pattern of higher education,the employing concepts of employers,and the job-seeking concepts of graduates,countermeasures are brought forward to reduce the employment pressure of graduates from colleges and universities during the developing process of higher education in Liaoning Province,such as enhancing the overall regulation and control of government,accelerating the cultivating mechanism reform of colleges and universities,establishing the scientific and equitable concepts of employers,and transforming the traditional employment concepts of graduates,etc.


Bees feed on nectar and pollen, however these resources are often available to floral visitors during restricted temporal windows. The presence of temporal memory is an advantage, as foragers can save energy by scheduling their flight activity to coincide with peaks of nectar secretion in the flowers or at times of higher sugar concentration in the nectar. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to investigate whether Melipona subnitida has temporal memory, and evaluate whether it becomes more accurate over the days, and (ii) to determine whether the behavior of anticipating the offered resource presents intra-individual consistency in the behavior of foragers. The visitation of the bees was high before and during the opening interval of the food resource, but rare after the closing, suggesting that M. subnitida has the ability to memorize the time of availability of the resource, increasing the accuracy over the days, with bees anticipating their visits in relation to the time they discovered the resource, and the opening time of the resource. There was individual consistency in the behavior of food-anticipatory activity, with the presence of bees that consistently anticipated in relation to the opening time of the resource (inspectors) and bees that consistently did not anticipate (reactivated forager) . By anticipating the search for a resource, foragers allow the group to exploit it effectively, as they exploit it in the first hours of its opening, and foragers that never anticipate avoid unnecessary risks of predation and energy expenditure.


Assortment rotation—the retailing practice of changing the assortment of products offered to customers—has recently been used as a competitive advantage for both brick-and-mortar and online retailers. We focus on product categories where consumers may purchase multiple products during a season and investigate a new reason why frequent assortment rotations can be valuable to a retailer. Namely, by distributing its seasonal catalog of products over multiple assortments rotated throughout the season, as opposed to selling all products in a single, fixed assortment, the retailer effectively conceals a portion of its full product catalog from consumers, injecting uncertainty into the consumer's relative product valuations. Rationally acting consumers may respond to this structural difference by purchasing more products, thereby generating additional sales for the retailer. We refer to this phenomenon as the value of concealment and show that the retailer enjoys a positive and significant value of concealment under quite general conditions. However, we show that when consumers are forward looking, the value of concealment is context dependent. We present insights and discuss intuition regarding which product categories likely lead to a positive versus negative value of concealment. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.


The article deals with the use of proverbial and phraseological units. Although proverbs and phraseological units are lingual stereotypes originated in the course of long historical development, through their initial general semantics they can be easily adapted by means of transformations for designation of new objects and situations.


Current methods of socio-economic control region requires new approaches. There is a distinction between the concept of governance in past periods and in periods associated with the unstable development of the crisis. Therefore, marketing management should combine and integrate all kinds of management activities that are based on identifying and addressing the needs and interests of the society as a whole and individual social strata and groups, to stimulate useful new society needs and interests. The article discusses the use of the marketing approach to managing the region.


Despite decades of study, there are still many unanswered questions about cancer metastasis. One of these questions is about the origin of the tumor cells that give rise to metastases. The currently accepted models of cancer metastasis are inconsistent with some clinical observations of the natural history of cancer and its response to therapy, challenging our understanding of the nature of metastasis. Here, we coin a term 'cancer alloustasis' to describe the tumor that forms de novo in secondary sites, but is not originated from primary site derived cells. Moreover, we present a complementary hypothesis suggesting that the progenitors of alloustasis are distinct with those of primary tumors and the outgrowth of alloustases is promoted by primary tumors.


Abstract The COVID-19 era represented an important stressful event affecting population in many different ways, with important negative impact on social, working and relational life. Indeed, the home-isolation in addition to the high-level of distress given by fear of infection, has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological-consequences. Moreover, in order to guarantee a continuity of care, different measures have been applied among hospitals such as the implementation of teledermatology services. For these reasons, we implemented at our Dermatological-Clinic psychological video-consultations through our teledermatology-services. Herein we report our experience of 23 psychological-video-consultations, which led to achieve a significant reduction of DLQI (from 4.4 ± 3.9 at baseline to 1.6 ± 2.5 at week-4) in patients suffering from chronic skin conditions during the COVID-19 era.


Cash balances are at record levels and continue to grow. With balance sheets largely mended, cash flow improving, and the cost of capital rising, balanced decapitalizations can offer compelling economics: lower capital costs, higher returns, enhanced credit strength, and real intrinsic value. * Why Now? * How Much Is Too Much? * The Costs & Benefits of Excess Cash * How the Market Views Excess Cash * When Too Much Is a Good Thing * Optimal Capital Allocation


In this article, the inverse scattering problem (ISP) of recovering the matrix coefficient of a first order system of ordinary differential equations on the half-axis from its scattering matrix is considered. In the case of a triangular structure of the matrix coefficient, this system has a Volterra-type integral transformation operator at infinity. Such type of transformation operator allows to determine the scattering matrix on the half-axis via the matrix Riemann-Hilbert factorization in the case, where contour is real axis, normalization is canonical and all the partial indices are zero. The ISP on the half-axis is solved by reducing it to ISP on the whole axis for the considered system with the coefficients that are extended to the whole axis as zero.


If V(R) is the vertex sequence of a symmetric cycle R in the tope graph of a simple acyclic oriented matroid M on a t-element ground set, then the set min V(R) of minimal elements in the subposet V(R) of the tope poset of M, based at the positive tope, is a critical committee for M that votes for the base tope. We consider the sequence zR of poset ranks of the elements from the vertex sequence of R as a fragment of a signal with period 2t and relate the number of members of the committee min V(R) to the magnitudes of [t/2] components, with odd indices, of the discrete Fourier transform of the distance vector zR.


The Early Modern Period gave rise to 'humanism'; it also witnessed an unprecedented diversification of the concept that was at its very core, the human. The question of what defines the human became increasingly contested as new developments - the emergence of the natural sciences, the Reformation, colonial expansion - were undermining old certainties. The resulting multiplication of definitions of the human bears out the assumption that anthropology is a discipline of crisis, seeking to establish sets of common values and norms in situations when established authority finds itself under pressure.


The spectral and dynamic characteristics of surface energy states (SES) on a Si wafer are investigated by photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. The PA spectra were measured as a function of the wavelength and modulation frequency of the excitation optical beam by the PA spectrometer. The PA amplitude spectra of Si samples of various surface quality were studied at room temperature in the spectral range of the excitation optical energy beam from 0.7 to 1.5 eV and for various modulation frequencies. The difference in PA amplitude spectra of an as-received Si wafer and a Si wafer with a mechanically roughened surface for various modulation frequencies indicates the energy distribution and the dynamics of the SES. A change in the PA amplitude signal for various modulation frequencies indicates the temporal distribution of the SES for a fixed energy of excitation.


They are . . . the post-modern equivalent of jungles and mountains-citadels of the dispossessed and irreconcilable. A military unprepared for urban operations across a broad spectrum is unprepared for tomorrow.1 -Ralph Peters, "Our Soldiers, Their Cities" MORE AND MORE, military analysis and planning must include dealing with lawlessness and organized crime as criminal activity becomes a bigger security threat.2 Such activities often involve weapons proliferation, including black market trading of nuclear material; drug trafficking and other crimes linked to terrorism and insurgency; profiteering from illegal immigration; and exploiting areas in megacities where government control and services have eroded. Countering unlawful activities is not a new military mission, as American school children remember from President George Washington's response to the Pennsylvania Whiskey Rebellion of 1794.3 More recently and ominously, US soldiers confronted heavily armed urban criminals in the 1992 Los Angeles riot, where the 18th Street Gang, Bloods, Crips and other gangs were the principal antagonists.4 Events around the world demonstrate that crime is increasingly threatening democratic governments and their military establishments.5 Accordingly, the guidelines in our field manuals should address these new threats. In this article, military support to civil authorities is seen from the perspective of Brazilian military leaders charged with countering urban criminal guerrillas. Although they have their own cultural and constitutional particularities, the Brazilian experiences offer US military leaders some insights about the role of armed forces at the end of the 20th century. Restoring Govemment Control: Operation Rio Operation Rio was conducted November 1994 through January 1995 by the Brazilian armed forces to restore public order in Rio de Janeiro so the government could re-establish control and services.6 One of Operation Rio's main objectives was to make the city safer. "We wanted to prevent groups of criminals from continuing to hold the residents of Rio de Janeiro hostage . . . [and] . . . this objective . . . [was] achieved," said army Colonel Ivan Cardoso.7 The operation was an experiment employing the armed forces in an urban environment to support civil authorities. A modern city of 12 million people, Rio de Janeiro is a major cultural, political and trading center on the Brazilian coast. It was the capital city until 1961, when Brazil moved its capital to Brasilia, a newly constructed inland city. Today, Rio de Janeiro serves as the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro and continues to be important to the country. Rio is a beautiful city, but it is marked by extreme geographic and social contrasts. Its irregular topography, with mountains cascading precipitously to the ocean, has influenced its social organization. A wealthy social class resides along the beaches; the poor live nearby in favelas (ghettos or slums), built on the mountainsides.8 Because of the lack of government services, organized crime thrives in the favelas and is often aided by an unmotivated and ineffective state police force. Of the 600 or so ghettos in Rio, 20 or 30 lacked government control when Operation Rio began.9 Robertinho de Lucas, leader of the Third Command gang, exemplifies a number of gang leaders who dominate districts in northern Rio. Robertinho is famous for distributing food, medicine and money to slum dwellers as a form of social assistance in the areas he controls.10 His Third Command contends with the widely known Red Command and other gangs for influence and control in the favelas. These criminal gangs have established control over territories by winning over the slum populations. The situation has created criminal enclaves where modern and powerful small arms smuggled into Rio from other countries are used to repel the police. Often, the police are in cahoots with the criminal organizations. …


Different from the previous design strategy, herein, a cationic Ir(iii) complex ([(ptbi)2Ir(bisq)]Cl) with a small chlorine as the counterion was synthesized, which realized the formation of a solid film via a vacuum-deposition process. The white OLED, employing it as an orange-emitting layer, achieved excellent performances with a brightness of 50 122 cd m-2, a CE of 25.5 cd A-1, an EQE of 13.1%, accompanied by a low CE efficiency roll-off of 4.7%. These are the best results among evaporated cationic Ir(iii)-based white OLEDs reported so far.


This article analyzes the website slaveryfootprint.org, which purports to measure consumers' reliance on slave labor in the Global South by analyzing the users' consumption habits. The site offers neoliberal consumer solutions to "solve" the problem of what it terms modern-day slavery. I argue that the characterization of slavery on slaveryfootprint.org (and the process of de-fetishizing this labor) attempts to shore up a distinction between "free" and forced labor, but unwittingly illuminates the ambiguity of this divide. By understanding slavery as embedded in capitalism, I suggest that we can challenge slaveryfootprint.org's distinction between "free" labor and slavery, and in the process, the notion of "ethical" consumption.


This paper proposes the analysis and design of robust fuzzy control to nonlinear systems with time delay. The nonlinear system to be controlled, is studied in the context of Linear Parameters Varying (LPV) systems, it is partitioned into several linear sub-models of second order with time delay, in terms of transfer function, forming a convex polytope. Once defined the linear sub-models of the plant, these are organized into fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno (TS) structure. From the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) strategy, a mathematical formulation is defined in the frequency domain, based on the gain and phase margins specifications, to obtain robust PID subcontrollers in accordance to the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of the plant. Results for the robust stability conditions with the proposal of one Axiom and two Theorems are also presented.


In his keynote address to the International Forum on the Social Science – Policy Nexus held in Argentina and in Uruguay in February 2006, Alain Touraine stressed the dominance of capitalism within contemporary processes of global change. He argued that, as a result, the distance between the forces of global economy and the social and political universe has grown to such an extent that major social institutions have fragmented and splintered. Anis A. Dani's reply to Touraine expresses a more positive view of globalisation which, when account is taken of the diversity of regional impacts and perspectives, offers opportunities as well as challenges. In particular, the need for states to work together on issues of common concern may offer answers to many of the concerns raised by those sceptical of market-led globalisation.


In this note I consider the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field on the thermal motions of the particles in the solar wind in regions where collisions are unimportant and in particular, the ratio of the temperatures parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. For this purpose the interplanetary magnetic field may be taken as that of a split monopole and in this case the adiabatic invariant sin2 8/B, where 8 is the pitch angle of the particle and B the intensity of the magnetic field, is an exact integral of the equations of motion. For as PoincarC showed in 1896, a charged particle moving in the field of a monopole describes a geodesic on a cone having the pole as vertex (see Appendix). It follows that if the cone is developed into a plane, the path of the particle is a straight line and that in this plane the equations of the line is r sin8 = p, where r is the distance from the pole and p is the perpendicular distance of the pole from the line. Since also B = M/r2, where M is the strength of the pole, it follows that r2 sin2 8 = p 2 , a constant, or sin2 8/B is a constant (an exact relation). In considering the temperature of the solar wind parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, we require the mean square velocities in these two directions, and hence a knowledge of the distribution function. Let f (w, 8) represent the number of particles of one kind per unit volume with total velocity w in the interval (w, w+dw) and pitch angle 8 in the range (8,8+d8), then f satisfies Vlasov's equation


MANY CHINESE people may not be receiving cancer treatment when they need it because they do not have good access to health services or information in their native language, according to a study.


Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of inducing amorphous latent tracks in metallic materials by GeV heavy ion irradiation. In the present work, 0.880 GeV 238U beams have been used to induce ferromagnetic amorphous nanocolumns in nonmagnetic crystalline YCo2 films. The loss of crystallinity deduced by x‐ray analysis is in good agreement with the one determined by magnetic measurements. The Co magnetic moment in the columns is approximately equal to 1 μB, as in bulk amorphous YCo2, but the ordering temperature (150 K) is strongly reduced with respect to the bulk. Magnetization measurements reveal the nanocolumns to be single domain. A perpendicular anisotropy is observed in samples irradiated at the smallest fluencies, which is interpreted to be due to shape anisotropy. A progressive decrease of the anisotropy with increasing fluence is observed and qualitatively described in terms of dipolar interactions between columns. At low temperature, the coercive field reaches 650 Oe. A simple nonunifo...


The relevance of the study is due to the need to assess the economic efficiency of technologies created during the development of complex space systems, as well as the potential for their commercialization in the form of exclusive rights to intellectual property. For this, it is necessary, at an early stage of the project, to assess the trends in the scientific and technical development of the industry and analyze their conformity with the terms of reference for the project. In this paper, we propose a methodology for determining the complex predictive criterion for the potential for commercialization of created technologies. This criterion includes scientific, technical, time and cost indicators, which are determined on the basis of the analysis of patent information. A feature of the proposed technique is that with the help of fuzzy logic, it takes into account the unique nature of complex space systems and the lack of close technological analogues on the market.


Abstract The paper is concerned with the problems of repair check and diagnosis of states of N logic gates that realize, in working condition, a given Boolean function f(x1, . . . , xn). This problem is attacked by composing single-output circuits from the given logic gates and then observing the values produced by these circuits on various arbitrary input families of values of the variables. Arbitrary constant faults at the outputs of logic gates are admissible.Moreover, it is assumed that at most k gates are faulty, where k is a given natural number not exceeding N. It is required to minimize the number of circuits used to check the repair status and determine the states of all logic gates. It is proved that if f ∉ {x1& . . .&xn, x1V.. . ..Vxn, x̅1} and if k and N satisfy some condition, then 2k + 1 circuits are capable of checking the repair status of all the gates. If, additionally, the function f is nonlinear, then 2k + 1 circuits are sufficient to diagnose the states of all the gates.


Given a surface of positive genus with finitely many punctures, we classify the periodic points for the mapping class group action on the moduli space of complex special linear rank two local systems. For genus at least two, the periodic points correspond to the finite local systems. For genus one, they correspond to the finite or special dihedral local systems.


AbstractIn this work, the effect of addition of ZrO2 to TiO2 and catalyst geometry on photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite TiO2/ZrO2 was investigated. The traditional use of powdery photocatalyst for the degradation of organic compounds has post-treatment problems which means much higher time and costs. A novel method to minimize these problems is immobilization by insertion onto an inert substrate. Several geometries of TiO2–10%ZrO2 (T-10Z) nano-photocatalysts (powder, fiber, film, and network-shaped) were produced using different templates. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in water was examined using TiO2/ZrO2 composites and T-10Z geometries under UV irradiation. The T-10Z with a band gap of 3.10 eV showed higher degradation than the other composites. The degradation rate of the four geometries produced was in the followin...


Now a days, finding an available parking space can be considered as time and fuel consuming. Therefore, it may cause drivers to be frustrated; which will lead to inappropriate parking. This will lead to bad traffic around the parking space and may also lead to accident. That is why this project proposes an Intelligent Parking System that uses various sensors which will be based on an Atmega328 Application as interface to help book or view available spaces.This project will help solve problems mentioned by allowing users to view and select available space in the parking; which will Prevent users from driving around the parking for long. As a conclusion, this project will help in reducing the amount of time a driver has to spend around the parking just to find an available spot, reducing the amount of traffic around the parking and also reducing the bad parking around the parking space.


The authors featured in this department column share instructional practices that support transformative literacy teaching and disrupt "struggling reader" and "struggling writer" labels. A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 3 A Student's Perspective on Literacy Teaching and Learning: Starting a Conversation through Six Suggestions For this column, Myiesha (a recent high school graduate and first-year college student) partnered with Kate (a university researcher and teacher educator) to offer a student's perspective on practices that support transformative literacy teaching and learning. This studentdirected effort builds on previous contributions to this Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy (JAAL) department, which to date have addressed the topic of transformative literacy teaching from the perspectives of teachers, teacher educators, and educational researchers. Here, we foreground a student's perspective by presenting some thoughts in the form of six suggestions for secondary literacy educators to consider with their students. Our hope is that these six suggestions will serve as a catalyst for ongoing and critical conversations with students themselves about how to engage in transformative literacy teaching. The six suggestions include: 1. Learn from students 2. Prioritize relationships 3. Accept that not all students will be engaged 100% of the time 4. Be flexible and persistent 5. Celebrate individuality and originality 6. Understand reading to be emotional as well as intellectual We decided on these six suggestions after reflecting individually and jointly on a yearlong classroom collaboration where Myiesha served as a senior "literacy mentor" to ninth graders at her school. As part of this collaboration, Myiesha and eight other junior and senior mentors worked alongside their teacher to co-design and co-teach an exploratory literacy class for students who were in their first year at the high school. A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 4 These six suggestions reflect established trends in adolescent literacy research, particularly work that calls attention to both the potential for and obstacles to transformative literacy teaching (e.g., Alvermann, 2002; Christenbury, Bomer, & Smagorinsky, 2009; Hinchman & Appleman, 2017). While many of these suggestions may therefore be familiar to JAAL readers, in this column our intention is to make a unique contribution by grounding the suggestions in our shared experiences and by highlighting a student's perspective on them. Below, we explain each suggestion and include an example from the literacy class to illuminate it. We hope that readers of this column will share and reflect on these six suggestions in consultation with their own students, who will undoubtedly bring their own unique perspectives, opinions, and critiques to the ones we offer here. Six Suggestions for Literacy Educators 1. Learn from Students Our first suggestion involves extending the "teach" in "teacher" to all members of the classroom community. Literacy teaching and learning are reciprocal and fluid processes: teachers should learn from their students at the same time that their students learn from them. In other words, there should be many opportunities for students to be the teachers and for teachers to be the students. Individuals learn through and with each other in the pursuit of knowledge and experience. Literacy educators can facilitate learning by supporting and engaging with their students around these objectives. In the literacy class, we found that when adolescents and adults read and talked about books together, everyone had opportunities to expand their knowledge and their experiences with different kinds of texts. For instance, Kate was encouraged by Myiesha and other mentors to read texts that were initially outside of her experience and expertise (e.g., the Black Panther comic A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 5 book series). To do this, students in the class taught her new ways of reading that required attention to images and transitions in combination with words. 2. Prioritize Relationships Our second suggestion stems from the understanding that relationships are essential to literacy learning. As reciprocal processes, teaching and learning go hand in hand: when teachers and students genuinely care about and respect each other, they are willing to listen to what the other is saying and learn from each other, even (and especially) in cases of disagreement. This interpretation of teaching and learning as reciprocal is similar to the relationship between the sender of a letter and the recipient of that letter. As such, it has implications for literacy more generally. For instance, deep reading involves a connection and an exchange of ideas between the author and a reader. In the literacy class, Myiesha and Kate noticed that their relationships with other members of the class extended beyond the classroom. For example, Myiesha wanted to be sure that the ninth graders in her small group felt they could trust her. She and other literacy mentors did this by always making a connection when they saw their mentees, even if it was simply to say "hi" and "bye" when they passed in the hallway. Myiesha also made connections by sharing her own experiences as a high school student with the ninth graders. She sometimes offered advice and provided information related to those experiences, such as how to learn more about and apply to Upward Bound (a federally-funded education program to support high school students to pursue postsecondary education). One outcome of making connections was that her mentees understood that she trusted them, which she hoped would encourage them to trust her as a resource for choosing a book and talking about it in a real way. Another outcome was that A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 6 connections helped to build mutual respect so that her mentees were more willing to follow her lead and engage with classroom activities. 3. Accept that Not All Students will be Engaged 100% of the Time Our third suggestion entails acknowledging that some readers, some of the time, and for a variety of reasons, may wish that they were somewhere other than reading in your classroom. To contextualize this point, Kate notes that a large body of critical research has documented adolescents' experiences of disconnection and disengagement with literacy and learning in school and offered ideas for how the field of education might reframe its approach in an effort to disrupt this trend (e.g., Gee, 2003; Gutiérrez, 2008; Tatum, 2008). Myiesha further thinks it is important to point out that neither of us have ever met a reader of any age (and we include ourselves here) who is an engaged reader 100% of the time. If you are skeptical of our claim, we ask you to consider the following question: Since you began reading this article, how many times have you (a) stared out the window, (b) checked your phone or email, and/or (c) thought about something you need to do later on today? We do not make this point to suggest that distractions are a bad thing! Rather, our point is that they are a human thing. The following three suggestions—to be flexible and persistent, to celebrate individuality and originality, and to understand reading to be emotional as well as intellectual—represent our thoughts about how to address and work through this reality in partnership with students. 4. Be Flexible and Persistent Our fourth suggestion acknowledges that literacy teaching and learning involve an ongoing process of "trying on" something new: new ideas, new genres, and new identities. This means that if something isn't working for a particular reader, then the next step is to try something different. If that something different isn't working for that reader, try again! A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 7 In the literacy class, we found that one of the most powerful ways to engage readers was to encourage and support them to keep searching for a book that captured their interests and imagination, even if that meant abandoning certain books in the middle of reading them. For example, Myiesha, other literacy mentors, the teacher, and Kate all regularly consulted with ninth graders to assist them in finding books they enjoyed. In one case, Myiesha and another mentor helped to match a ninth grader with a book even after multiple other books had failed to capture his attention. Using his interest in sports as inspiration, they suggested that he try the book The Crossover by Kwame Alexander. The Crossover changed this student's perspective on reading in this context by speaking to a topic (i.e., basketball) about which he knew a lot and cared deeply. 5. Celebrate Individuality and Originality Our fifth suggestion is a reminder of the importance of understanding and engaging with readers as individuals and, relatedly, allowing for and celebrating originality. A reader is not an automated machine like Apple's Siri, inputting orders and fielding requests because that is what she is programmed to do. When it comes to literacy teaching and learning, one size does not fit all! What's more, something that comes easily to the teacher and certain students might not come as easily to others. In the literacy class, we both noticed a distinct turning point in the middle of the year, after Myiesha proposed to the teacher and other literacy mentors that the final project include a fan fiction option for readers who preferred to write creatively and, as Myiesha put it, "to their heart's desire." Initially, we defined fan fiction as writing alternative endings, but over time readers also wrote alternative beginnings and other re-imagined scenes from their books. As Myiesha regularly pointed out to the ninth graders, the fan fiction option was an opportunity for A STUDENT'S PERSPECTIVE ON LITERACY TEACHING & LEARNING 8 them to


The article contains the first edition of a hitherto unpublished Greek papyrus letter from the Collection of the Austrian National Library. The text dates from the late 6 th century of our era and is addressed to a comes Menas. The provenance of the text is unknown. Most probably it comes from the Arsinoite or the Hermopolite nome. The edition is accompanied by a detailed introduction to and commentary on the papyrus.


Acetaminophen, which causes acute liver min in humans and animals, has made useful inducer of hepatoxicity for studying hepatopreventive drugs. Injinhotang is known as one of the hepatopreventive drugs. However, its mechanism of recovery of hepatoxicity treated with acetaminophen is poorly understood. this study was performed to observe the antioxidative effect of injinhotang extract and its several combination groups. The results were obtained as follows:1. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in H2O2-Fe2+system, injinhotang have more effect than its components groups relatively. 2. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(the level of serum LPO, the level of hepatic LPO, catalase, GSH, GST), only injnhotang has a significant effect. 3. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, -GTP, ALP, LDH, b ilirubin), only injinhotang has a significant effect. These results suggest that injinhotang has the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.


Purpose Penetrating injuries of the hand and forearm may cause significant morbidity for a patient. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of initial examination of forearm lacerations and pre-operative examination and compare both to the actual findings on surgical exploration. We wanted to identify any factors which may influence the accuracy of the initial examination. Existing literature indicates that there are differences between initial and subsequent examination in terms of picking up injuries. Methods 65 consecutive patients with penetrating injuries to the hand/forearm were studied. The admitting casualty doctor/s completed an admission form indicating their findings on examination. Factors which may have hampered history taking and examination were noted on the form. The same form was filled in prior to surgery by one of the hand registrars after re-examining the patient prior to surgery. A separate surgical form was filled in by the surgeon indicating the actual findings at surgery. Results Our results show that as many as 40% of injuries are missed on examination initially by casualty officers but only 10% are missed on re-examination post admission. Factors such as alcohol intoxication and distracting injuries seem to play a role in the casualty examination being difficult. Conclusion Underlying injuries to structures in the forearm and hand are often missed on initial examination of lacerations involving the forearm and hand. Re-examination post admission of the patient is essential to avoid underestimating the extent and time of surgery required to treat the patient. Factors identified as possibly contributing to this are alcohol intoxication, distracting injuries and language problems in the casualty setting. NO DISCLOSURES


Background: Nosocomial respiratory infections in the intensive care is one of the challenging issues, competing with other major causes of morbidity and mortality, that's why it needs to be studied thoroughly.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of colonization of respiratory tract by Gram-negative rods (GNRs) for critically ill patients in Baghdad teaching  hospital, and to determine antimicrobial resistance of the isolated strains.
Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on critically patients at the ICU/Baghdad teaching hospital during the period from December 2012-june 2013. thirty four  adult patients on mechanical ventilator  with endontracheal intubation or trachestomy,  were enrolled in this study, tracheal specimen were collected from all patients, and were cultured on various bacteriological media(blood agar, chocolate agar, macConky agar,saboroied agar) then incubated for various time. Drug resistance was examined with various antimicrobial drugs according to diagnostic microbiology guidelines.
Results: thirty four  adult patient(mean age 45years), 32 patients  yielded positive microbial growth on culture , infection rate= 94%, with gram negative infection show the highest rate of infection = 90% ,mainly acenitobacter baumanni about 44%,E.coli   35%, P.aeroginosa23%, K.pneumoniea20%, S.aureus11%, and monilia comprising 32% of infection. Many patients showed mixed infection pattern (more than one bacterial type). A.baumanni showed the highest resistance pattern (87%) was resistant to all types of antimicrobials and the sensitive one is only for one or two antibiotics.
Conclusion:  inappropriate and incorrect administration of antimicrobial agents in empiric therapies and lack of appropriate infection control strategies are leading   cause for opportunistic infection


Objective To find out the given factors that made the out-of-school adolescents vulnerability to HIV, and to supply evidence for more effective intervention strategy. Methods 260 out-of-school adolescents from a certain market in Beijing were investigated by questionnaires from September to October in 2005. Results About 6.9% adolescents answered all the 5 UNGASS indicators correctly,80.7% adolescents agreed the statement that "People living with HIV should be cared and supported", 69.8% adolescents had negative attitude towards the statement that "People living with HIV should be allowed to study or work". "The attitude towards HIV/AIDS related questions of adolescents" was interrelated to "Family welfare", "Harmonious parents","steady work" and "To access health services and supplies". "To access health services and supplies" was interrelated to "Skills to make rational decisions or to carry them out" and "To assert rights". Conclusion The main factors that made the out of-school adolescents vulnerability to HIV is the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and economic pressure on families affect their access to health services and supplies.Several approaches should be taken to help them to reduce the vulnerabilities to HIV.


We present experimental spatial mapping of optical force generated by the plasmonic mode confinement of a nanoantenna at 1550 nm. Maxwell's stress tensor method is used to simulate the force map and it agrees well with the experimental data.


Recent experiments have shown that using ethylene (acetylene) as carbon source to obtain graphene can dramatically decrease the defects in prepared graphene. However, the inherent mechanism with regard to reduction of defects is quite unclear. Herein, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we disclose the healing mechanism of the divacancy defect in graphene by ethylene/acetylene, i.e., (1) the chemisorption of the ethylene/acetylene, (2) the incorporation of the C atoms of the ethylene/acetylene into the defective graphene, accompanied by the adsorption of the leaving H atoms on the graphene surface, and (3) the removal of the adsorbed H atoms to generate the perfect graphene. The entrance adsorption step of ethylene/acetylene has a barrier of 28.8/25.3 kcal mol−1 and the eventual formation of graphene is strongly exothermal by 189.1/243.2 kcal mol−1. Considering that the graphene growth usually takes place at high temperature conditions, the healing of divacancy defects could be effectively realized in the presence of ethylene or acetylene molecule. Therefore, we propose that the good performance of the ethylene/acetylene-based graphene synthesis methods might be ascribed to the dual role of ethylene/acetylene, i.e., they can act as both the carbon source and as the defect healer.


This paper was published in De Economist, volume 159, number 3. The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com. The models and results however are in progress of further research and therefore comments are welcome. In this paper the impact of vocational interventions on the duration until reemployment of long term sick workers is studied, taking account of self-perceived health and other personal, health and vocational characteristics. We use a longitudinal dataset containing three waves of interviews with employees who were still on the sickness rolls nine months after calling in sick. We compare a semiparametric Cox model with a Weibull model to allow for unobserved heterogeneity. The results from these models are similar. They point to the importance of the set of accommodation and rehabilitation activities that employers and occupational health agencies employ and of a timely start of such activities. Their effectiveness shows that the series of reforms in sickness and disability schemes that were introduced from 2002 onwards have been quite successful.


Phoenix, AZ (US) A circuit includes a structure for inhibiting dendrite forma tion. The circuit includes a first electrode disposed within a (21) Appl. No.: 14/066,689 first area of the circuit, wherein the first electrode is config ured to be coupled to an ionic source that forms ions when a first electric potential is applied to the first electrode. The circuit also includes a second electrode disposed within a second area of the circuit. The second electrode is configured to receive a second electric potential that is less than the first (22) Filed: Oct. 30, 2013


The State of Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) produced a digital surface model (DSM) and an orthorectified aerial optical image mosaic (orthoimagery) of the Resurrection Bay watershed, surrounding the city of Seward in south-central Alaska. Aerial photographs and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were collected on August 13, 2015, and were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques to create the DSM and orthoimagery. All data are projected in UTM Zone 6 North (meters) using the NAD83 (2011; EPSG 26906) horizontal datum and NAVD88 (Geoid12A; EPOCH 2010.00) vertical datum. The project was part of an ongoing investigation of the impact of flooding, slope instability, and cryosphere hazards on infrastructure and public safety. For the purpose of enabling open access to geospatial datasets in Alaska, this collection is being released as a Raw Data File with an open end-user license. All files can be downloaded free of charge from the DGGS website (http://doi.org/10.14509/29824). The orthoimage is a three-band, 8-bit unsigned GeoTIFF file using LZW compression. The orthoimage has a GSD of 0.2 m per pixel, and the No Data value is set to 0. Variable lighting in the orthoimages may result from variable sky conditions during the time of data acquisition.


To verify if hypopressive exercises (HEs) can improve pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms equally or better than pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT).


Techniques from sparse control theory are proposed to approximate initial conditions for diffusion-convection equations. Existence and uniqueness of optimal controls are proven, and necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are derived. From these conditions the sparsity structure of the solutions is derived, which relates to identification of the sources to be reconstructed.


The present invention relates to an absorbent article (10) comprising a placed absorbent core (12) between the inner cover sheet (14) and the outer cover sheet (16). The article further comprises at least one disposal fastening means (18), the fixing means (18) is directly or indirectly coupled to the outer cover sheet (16). Disposal securing means (18) comprises a fixing element making it possible to secure the article to the structure to simplify the disposal after the article is used (20). Disposal fastening means (18) is covered by a material layer (22) having a surface area, the material layer (22) extends beyond the disposal fastening means (18). Material layer (22) are either attached to an integral part of the outer coversheet (16), or forms the integral part, concealed disposal securing means (18) when not in use there. Material layer (22) is from the outer coversheet (16) and removable to expose for use disposal securing means (18).


Body weights at birth, 90 days, 180 days and 1 year of age were analysed in 620 calves, the offspring of sires of the Friesian, Jersey and Simmental breeds, and of dams of three indigenous zebu breeds, namely Barka, Boran and Horro, at four diverse locations in Ethiopia. Breed of sire, breed of dam and location all significantly affected weight. Progeny of Friesian and Simmental sires were similar in weight but both were heavier than the progeny of Jersey sires, their weight being, respectively, 25·0,24·9 and 21·2 kg at birth; 88·0, 84·6 and 74·9 kg at 90 days; 151·7, 150·6 and 135·4 kg at weaning at 180 days; and 220·6,224·8 and 193·3 kg at 365 days. Barka crosses were heaviest and Horro lightest. Mean weight for progeny from Barka, Boran and Horro dams was, respectively, 24·0, 24·6 and 22·5 kg at birth; 85·2, 83·8 and 78·5 kg at 90 days; 149·6, 148·0 and 140·1 kg at 180 days; and 233·7, 208·1 and 196/9 kg at 365 days. Dam breed × location interaction was significant except at birth, and sire breed × dam breed and sire breed × location interaction were significant at 90 days of age. In a comparison of Friesian and Simmental, the Friesian sires interacted relatively more favourably with the Barka dams, and the Simmental with the Boran. The Jersey was also relatively better with the Boran crosses, compared with either the Barka or the Horro crosses. By 1 year of age Jersey crosses were at a relative (but insignificant) advantage in body weight at the hottest location.


Objectives To investigate the in vitro susceptibility testing of terbinafine and itraconazole administrated solely and in combination against 54 strains of dematiaceous fungi.Methods CLSI M38-A guideline was applied.The media containing the fungi in the concentrations of(0.4~5)×106 cfu/ml were incubated at 35℃ for 5~7 days.The MIC endpoint was determined as the first concentration of antifungal agent that reached 100% inhibition of growth compared with the growth control.The FIC index less than 1 denoted synergy;1≤FIC2 indicated additive;FIC=2 denoted indifference,and that more than 2 was taken to be antagonistic.Results The GMs(geometrical mean)of MICs(minimum inhibition concentration)of terbinafine alone administration were 0.198 μg/ml,0.372 μg/ml,0.215 μg/ml,0.456 μg/ml in Fonsecaea compacta,F.pedrosoi,Cladosporium carrionii and Phialophoa verrucosa respectively,and the GMs of itraconazole alone administration to four species of fungi as above were 0.232 μg/ml,0.323 μg/ml,0.186 μg/ml and 0.315 μg/ml.The GM values of terbinafine or itraconazole in combination were lower than those when administrated alone.The total percentages of synergistic activity,additive activity and antagonistic activity activity for terbinafine and itraconazole was 29.6%,68.5%,1.9% respectively.Conclusion The combination of terbinafine and itraconazole revealed synergistic and additive against most of the dermatiaceous fungi.


Three Lewis acid catalysed reactions used in a synthesis of the tricyclic core of the marine anti-inflammatory pseudopterosins are reported; the reductive cleavage of an oxirane with inversion, the cyclisation of an α-hydroxy ketenedithioacetal to an arene, and a stereoselective annulation using an allylic sulfone as the electrophile.


In order for students to use the natural numbers in ordinal aspect, we do the activity "The Train" with 5-6 year old children. The activity consists of a student who must communicate by writing the position of an object. The object is hidden in one of the carriages of a train. The classmate has not seen where that object has been introduced. The strategy for winning the game is counting and using of ordinal numbers, in the creation of the message and in its interpretation. We analyze the implementation of this strategy by the children, the results and how to carry out the process of communication with families when developing these activities in the classroom.


Many factors influence knowledge intensive service enterprises to develop service innovation.After analyzing deeply the influence factors impacting service innovation in knowledge intensive service enterprises,the paper presents the viewpoint that service innovation consists of three innovation driving forces: external innovation driving force,internal innovation driving force and the driving force of human resources.The paper extracts the elements belonging to each of the three innovation driving forces.At last,applying the method of expert opinion and AHP,the paper determines the proportion of all innovation driving forces and elements,in order to identify the key innovation driving forces and elements which promote the knowledge intensive service enterprises to develop service innovation.


This introductory text guides audiological scientists and ENT registrars in training through to a practical knowledge of clinical applications of the audiological care of children at each stage of development. It covers screening, early diagnosis of hearing impairment, associated conditions, aids and evaluation. For this second edition, the book has been expanded and updated to take account of new techniques that have been introduced in recent years. A new chapter on cochlear implants in children is included. Throughout, the text incorporates examples of ways in which microchip technology has been harnessed to benefit paediatric audiology.


Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are a global health problem due to its serious complications, along with oxidative stress were shown to contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of beneficial effect of Lcarnitine in healthy and streptozotocin (STZ) Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced diabetes mellitus and hypertension in rats. Results showed that diabetic hypertensive (DH) rats had significant increase in the level of plasma glucose, malondialdhyde (MAD), cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), urea, creatinine, and the activity of serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT) as to normal control rats. While, blood glutathione (GSH) content and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide level (NO), were significantly lowered. Supplementation of Lcarnitine for 6 weeks improve plasma glucose, lipids, liver and kidney functions, In addition, both normal healthy rats and DH rats treated with Lcarnitine showed increase in blood GSH and SOD activity and serum nitrate level (stable product of nitric oxide NO) as compared with healthy control and DH respectively. Histopathological and immunochemical study of heart confirm the biochemical results. It was concluded that administration of L-carnitine reduces or delays oxidative stress in diabetic hypertensive rats.


The transformations of the visual narrative come from preoccupation with the aesthetics of the artistic form and the creative presence of the artist, and the centrality of the system's discourse and its reference to the discourses of shattering the fixed meaning, demolishing the centrals and dissolving connotations in an infinite continuous movement in the sense of shifting to new imagined and potential structures closer to the assumption and the possibility of a reality that cannot be represented because it is a structure hidden behind Phenomena, so the dismantling and reshaping of reality takes place through the imagination, which may be parallel to reality or alternative to it, but it differs in its manifestations and may give us something else from knowledge, self-awareness, criticism of reality, and understanding of the world, so there is a new tendency is the tendency of rejection and rebellion, which confirms according to its own system its rejection of the public, Also, technology sought to create a new reality in which the subject contradicts the subject.


[Abstract] Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial root crop in the tropics. Within 24-72 hours of harvest the storage roots deteriorate rapidly, thereby necessitating their prompt processing or consumption. Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava storage roots is the result of a rapid oxidative burst, which leads to discoloration of the vascular tissues. The various fluorogenic probes available for in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging could reveal complex spatial and temporal dynamics in plant tissues. Fluorescence measurement of PPD became widely used assay for ROS. Most of the ROS probes passively diffuse across cell membranes localize in the mitochondria, and exhibit fluorescence. Due to its high sensitivity to ROS and ease of loading and detection, the Dihydrorhodamine123 probe has been widely used in plants to monitor ROS accumulation in response to various stimuli and range of developmental processes.


Saguinus geoffroyi, a small neotropical primate that ranges from the Chocó region of Colombia along the Pacific coast of Panamá to the eastern side of the Azuero peninsula. They are known to be a disturbance tolerant species and are mostly found in secondary growth and forest edges where understory growth is moderately dense. They have 3 main food sources: insects, small fruits and exudates (plant saps), which are located in different layers of the forest, although the composition of these may change depending on the season. This study attempted to determine the common food resources, foraging time and location of a population of Geoffroy's tamarins living within Parque Natural Metropolitano, a secondary, tropical dry forest located within the Panama City Metropolitan area. A combination of instantaneous and focal scans was used to record behavior, location and food resources. During 13 days of observation, 23 detection events occurred, for a total of 9.267 hours. The average number in each group was 4.47±1.92 individuals. There was a significant difference in the time at which the groups were observed at different sites (df=5, p=0.04232). A significant difference between the frequency of activities was found (d.f.=2, p=0.0101). Comparison of wet and dry season use revealed a greater presence in the southern, lowland regions of the park during the dry season. Foraging time represented the smallest portion of time spent, which aligned with observations found in other studies. Because of increasing urbanization, conservation of species, especially those that are known to be tolerant of habitat disturbance, need to be better understood for future conservation efforts of protected areas located within urban areas. Future studies are recommended to further understand habitat and resource use of this species.


THE s tudy of the chemistry of the flavones, the great group of naturally occurring colouring matters, was originated by Piccard 1 who isolated a yellow pigment, chrysin, from the leaf buds of the poplar (Populus pyramidalis Salisb., P. nigra Linn., P. monilifera Ait.), which contained chrysin to the extent of 0.5 per cent. On the basis of degradative and synthetic experiments Kostanecki 2 assigned to ehrysi n the constitution of a 2-phenyl-5:7-dihydroxybenzo-7-pyrone (I). 2-Phenyl benzo-F-pyrone or flavone, the parent member of the series, has been found in nature as the meal or farina which occurs on the leaves, stalks and seed capsules of many varieties of Primula, e.g., P. pulverulenta, P. Japonica (Muller 8) ; its synthesis had already been accomplished by Feuerstein and Kostanecki. 4 Since 1873 numerous derivatives of flavone, having different numbers of hydroxyls or methoxyls or both in different positions of the molecule and in the form of glykosides, have been ~solated from the roots, stems, barks, fruits, flowers and leaves of various medicinal and other plants ; to cite a few baiealein (II) from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, quercetagetin (III) from the fowers of Tagetes patula, tricin (IV) from ' K h a p l i ' wheat and rhamnetin (V) from the husks of Persian berries. Due to the wide O O O OH C_ ? F \


Background While the neighborhood effects literature is rich in its investigations of the association between residential context and health, theoretical and methodological challenges remain (for reviews, see Chaix et al. 2009; Cummins et al. 2007; Diez-Roux 2001; Picket and Pearl 2001; Sampson 2012). Notwithstanding significant improvements in the ability of researchers to detect place effects on health, very little is known about how exposure to the many contexts in which individuals conduct their daily lives (e.g., where they work, shop, seek healthcare) alters the impact of residential conditions on physical and mental health. Existing evidence of neighborhood effects has been rather inconsistent, often yielding weak and mixed results across a variety of health outcomes (Browning and Cagney 2002; Cagney and Browning 2004; Robert 1998). A continued focus on the neighborhood of residence may have contributed to these weak findings, as individuals' exposure to extralocal neighborhoods and activity spaces may suppress the influence of local conditions (see Crowder and South 2008; Inagami et al. 2007; Crowder et al. 2011).


Wiring systems in swimming pools are, by their very nature, liable to be damaged by external agents, more than other structures. When designing a swimming pool, it is therefore necessary to follow, point by point , all the provisions established in the CEI reference standards.


Appearing in the scientific literature in the second half of the twentieth century, the term "artificial ground" currently does not cover the entire range of geological formations associated with human activity. The authors of the article proposed a classification of artificial grounds, as well as put forward a number of considerations for strength tests of special group of artificial grounds – the equivalent materials for laboratory modeling.


Data at several load test sites on full-scale foundations are needed by researchers in the reliability calibration to develop accurate and economical simple geotechnical design methods (LRFD implementation) and by designers to evaluate and improve the geotechnical design for production foundations in their projects. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) developed the Deep Foundation Load Test Database (DFLTD) comprises of 1307 load tests. This database is still the most comprehensive databases for load tests that is considered by researchers in the development of other foundation load test databases. FHWA recommends that individual State Departments of Transportation (State DOTs) to consider new load tests in their projects and to compile the load test data appropriate to their local conditions/needs in a database. The main objective of this paper is to help State DOTs and researchers review and benefit from the existing foundation load test databases and results and develop their own local quality foundation load test databases. This paper initially describes the application of foundation load test databases. Then, it describes the development, contents, recognized limitation and distribution of the DFLTD. The contents and use of other foundation load tests databases and compiled results of load test results are also described. Finally, recommendations for the development of local quality foundation load test databases are presented.


Adoption of online banking has been studied in detail with respect to theories of consumer behavior, yet the adoption of Internet banking still provides an attractive area of research. A new wave of research supports the importance of understanding consumer behavior within the perspective of resistance, and attempts to address the theoretical knowledge gap between technology acceptance and adoption. In this respect, this research examines the factors that inhibit people to adopt and use Internet banking as a complementary financial service. An abductive investigation based on the grounded theory methods has been used. Findings suggest that the important factors which slow the adoption of Internet banking were the lack of information about the service, and the satisfaction with the existing alternative that individuals are currently using (bricks-and mortar, ATMs, and mobile banking). Other influential factors are highlighted. Implications for academicians and practitioners are discussed.


Abstract. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) can be a high-demand crop for the production of biodiesel, an alternative biofuel similar to conventional diesel. The objective of the work has been to optimize the method of obtaining biodiesel from a "green technology" process, directly splitting the seeds of three macerated castor varieties, without prior extraction of the oil with n-hexane as is traditional. Also using low-cost heterogeneous basic catalysts, friendly to the environment. It has been shown that it is feasible to obtain biodiesel as an eco-fuel from castor beans directly, without prior oil extraction with the consequent saving of n-hexane solvent and the non-use of sodium hydroxide. It is feasible to substitute methanol for ethanol (less toxic and cheaper), and as a novel aspect, the use of BaCO3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, not reported in any reference of those consulted. Yield percentages ranging between 31% and 45% were obtained, comparable to those obtained from previous oil extractions. It was concluded that of the three varieties of castor bean evaluated, the variety HG-A-1 (collected in Atotonilco el Grande, Municipality of the State of Hidalgo) classified as IBEA type, is the one that presents the best results. Keywords: Barium carbonate, Castor oil, Eco-fuel, Ethanol, Seed.


A revised terrane map is presented for the Scandinavian Caledcnldes. and an outline is given of the principal suspect and exot ic terranes and terrane -complexe s identified outboa rd from the Baltoscand ian miogeocline. The outermost part of the Baltoscandian continental margin is itself suspect , in the terrane sense. since the true palaeogeographical location s of rocks now represented in the Seve and serey-seuano Nappes, while inferred, are not known. The orogen -internal exotic terranes embrace the oceanic/eugeoclinal elements of the Caledonides, represented by the magmatosed imentary assemblages of the Koli Nappes, including ophiolite fragments and island arc products. Even more exot ic terranes occur in the highest parts of the tectonostratigraphy , including units which are thought possibly to derive from the Laurentian side of lapetus .


This article discusses research on time perception published by three women (Beatrice Edgell, Josephine Nash Curtis, and Mary Sturt) active in the early years of the 20th. Century. Edgell (On time judgment, Am. J. Psychol., 1903) was involved in psychophysical studies on the perception of brief durations, in the tradition of Vierordt and other mostly German authors. Curtis (Duration and the temporal judgment, Am. J. Psychol., 1916) provided detailed reports of introspections from participants performing timing tasks, in the manner of her supervisor, Titchener. Sturt (via the article by Oakden & Sturt, The development of the knowledge of time in children, Br. J. Psychol., 1922, an article by Sturt herself, Experiments on the estimate of duration, Br. J. Psychol. 1923, and her book The Psychology of Time, 1925) was involved in extensive developmental studies on the understanding of everyday time concepts, such as years, months, and dates, as well as other work involving variations in time judgements as a function of different conditions, such as when receiving painful stimulation.


Aluminium and their alloys readily react with air to form surface oxides and films. If they become entrained in a casting, they form double oxide film defects that reduce the mechanical properties of the component. It is important to determine the nature and behaviour of the films formed, so that defects can be avoided or their internal gas volumes reduced. The reaction of common additions and impurities that may be present in aluminium alloys were melted at 750 °C in air and nitrogen, to determine thickness, composition and structure of possible films that may form in a defect. The effects of molybdenum were also investigated.
It has also been suggested that oxides formed on aluminium alloys may act as heterogeneous nucleation points for solidification. Spinel containing copper layers were manufactured by electro-codeposition, and added to commercial purity aluminium to test its potential as a grain refiner. It was compared with non-refined aluminium and aluminium refined with standard Tibor refiner. The lattice parameters of oxides formed were also compared with that of aluminium to ascertain their potential as nucleation centres. The results are discussed in this work.


A Hybrid Pneumatic Power System (HPPS) has been developed for several years with the major aim of reducing the vehicle fuel consumption, environment pollution and enhancing the vehicle performance as well. Comparing with the conventional hybrid system, HPPS replaces the battery's electrochemical energy with a high-pressure air storage tank and enables the internal combustion engine (ICE) to function at its sweet spot. Besides, the HPPS, which effectively merges both the high-pressure air flow from the storage tank and the recycled exhaust flow from the ICE, thereby increases the thermal efficiency of the ICE and transforms the merged flow energy into mechanical energy using a high-efficiency turbine. This paper focuses on the major research process into HPPSs, including overall dynamic simulation and experimental validation. By using the simulation tool ITI-Sim, this research demonstrates an experiment which can be operated precisely according to the requirements of various driving conditions under which a car actually runs on the road in accordance with the regulated running vehicle test mode. HPPS is expected to increase the performance of the entire system from 15% to 39%, and is likely to replace the traditional system in the coming years.


Catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase (C23O) from a new phenolic compound degrader Thauera sp. K11 was purified and characterized. The native form of the enzyme was determined as a homotetramer with a molecular weight of 140 kDa, and its isoelectric point was close to 6.4. One iron per enzyme subunit was detected using atom absorption spectroscopy, and the effective size of C23O in its dilute solution (0.2 g L−1, pH 8.0) was 14.5 nm. The optimal pH and temperature were 8.4 and 45 °C, respectively. The addition of Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ could improve the enzyme activity, while Ag+ was found to be a strong inhibitor. C23O was stable in alkali conditions (pH 7.6–11.0) and thermostable below 50 °C. The final purified C23O had a sheet content of 53%, consistent with the theoretical value. This showed that the purified catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase folded with a reasonable secondary structure.


This paper proposed the design of low power Multiply and Accumulate (MAC) Unit utilizing the techniques of Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics that have been adjusted to enhance performance. The speed of MAC depends incredibly on the multiplier. The work has demonstrated the proficiency of UrdhvaTriyagbhyam– Vedic method for duplication which strikes a distinction in the real procedure of augmentation itself. Low power is the most basic issues in today's ASIC design, as the component size is downsized. Henceforth there is a critical requirement for power improvement. Clock gating is a standout amongst the most exquisite and great techniques for diminishment of dynamic power, significant supporter in all out power utilization of any VLSI circuit. Contrasted with ordinary conventional multiply and accumulate we embraced versatile hold based clock gating for decrease of clock power of gathering of registers utilized of intermitted storage.


The load of antibiotic resistance has been prevailing worldwide which is deteriorating health and human development. Antibiotics also called antimicrobial are the wonder drugs used to act against the microbes.


This chapter presents a five-stage empirical strategy. It first details how core variables, including prewar military inequality and battlefield performance, were constructed. Second, the chapter provides simple descriptive statistics about the relationship between military inequality and the various measures of battlefield performance. Next, it subjects two different measures of military inequality to a series of statistical tests to examine the strength of this association. Afterward, the chapter uses matching and a two-control group comparison to investigate how shifts from low to high inequality, and from medium to high inequality, affect battlefield performance within a reduced sample of most similar belligerents. Finally, this chapter considers the fate of leading alternative explanations, which receive almost no empirical support within the expanded Project Mars universe.


The objective of this study is to provide a framework to aid physicians in identifying early respiratory ailments as well as provide a means of monitoring medication compliancy for both the patient and physicians. To aid physicians identify abnormal sounds during auscultations such as crackle, this work proposes a multimedia approach in the form of audio display (AD) to enhance crackle sounds produced in respiration. This work utilize a two step AD approach in which the crackle sound is first separated from the rest of the vesicular sound and then either sonified or audified. To aid in monitoring use of medication this work proposes an environmental sound analysis (ESA) framework to autonomously quantify adherence to medication. This work employed traditional audio features to extract meaningful discriminatory information to identify the inhaler sounds from the environment with the aid of maximum relevance and minimum redundancy algorithm and the hidden markov model.


Purpose: To investigate the potential effects of chemotherapy on pain empathy in breast cancer patients and the neural correlates in an Event-Related Potentials (ERP) study. Methods: Twenty-two breast cancer patients were evaluated with a pain empathy task during recording of ERP before and after chemotherapy. Pictures depicting people in pain or in neutral emotions were presented to the participants, who were to determine whether the person felt pain (pain task) or to identify the affected side of the body part (laterality task). Primary Outcome: Compared to the baseline (before chemotherapy), patients showed lower scores in empathic concern and higher scores in personal distress on the Chinese version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C) after chemotherapy. In both pain and laterality tasks, there was no significant differences in the response time before and after chemotherapy. However, patients showed a lower accuracy rate after than before chemotherapy. Further, the peak amplitude of N1 and P2 was significantly higher and lower, respectively, after as compared to before chemotherapy. Results: The results suggested pain empathy impairment in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. The deficits may be related to altered N1and P2 components of the ERP.


The work of Francois Place is at the intersection of documentary and fiction, of historical or geographical reality and the imaginary. Traveler of time and space, the French artist has the gift of taking his readers of all ages through his lines, strokes, and colors into parallel universes. In turn, illustrator, author, and novelist, Place also has the genius of rethinking the very concept of children's picture books.

Born in 1957, to a schoolteacher mother and a mosaic artist father, Francois Place spent his childhood in Ezanville, a small town located about 20 kilometers north of Paris. He was eleven years old when the Place family moved to Touraine where his grandparents lived. Francois pursued his secondary studies at Tours. With a literary baccalaureate in hand, he left the Valley of the Loire in 1974, and undertook three years of advanced study in Paris, at the Ecole Estienne, a school of advanced studies for the arts and graphics industries. After graduation, he started out in business communication, publishing and advertising. In 1983, he began illustrating at Hachette, collaborating on the "Bibliotheque Rose" collection, where he participated in republishing the works of the Countess of Segur. For Hachette Jeunesse always and for "Le Livre de Poche" collection, he worked with Henriette Bichonnier and Roselyne Morel. In 1985, he met Pierre Marchand, editor at Gallimard Jeunesse, who noticed his drawings for youth. His career as an illustrator seemed to skyrocket from this point. Gallimard entrusted him with the illustration of a series of five documentaries for the "Decouverte Cadet" collection, having as a subject the discovery of the world, the great conquerors, explorers and navigators.


In this paper an outline is given of a characterization among the Peano spaces (i.e., among the compact, locally connected continua) of those spaces that are locally euclidean in dimension 3. A characterization of the 3-sphere among Peano spaces has been given by R. H. Bing [l ] and it is his result together with the notion of a "columnar partitioning" that enables one to characterize the locally euclidean spaces. Briefly, a partitioning of a space S is a finite collection of mutually exclusive connected open sets whose union is dense in S. A sequence Gif G2, • * • of partitionings of a space is called a decreasing sequence of partitionings if d+i is a refinement of Gi (i.e., an element of Gi+i is a subset of some element of Gi) and the maximum of the diameters of the elements of Gi approaches 0 with 1/i. A partitioning is regular if each of its elements is the interior of the closure of this element. A necessary and sufficient condition that a Peano space X be a topological 3-sphere is that one of its decreasing sequences of regular partitionings have the following four properties: (1) The boundary of each element of Gi is a simple closed surface. (2) If the boundaries of two elements in UG* meet, the intersection is a 2-cell. (3) The intersection of the boundaries of three elements of Gi is 1-dimensional at each of its points. (4) If g is an element of Gi-i and F(g) its boundary (g — X if i = 1), then the elements of Gi in g may be ordered gi, • • • , gn so that


A constructive procedure to obtain superintegrable deformations of the classical Smorodinsky–Winternitz Hamiltonian by using quantum deformations of its underlying Poisson sl(2) coalgebra symmetry is introduced. Through this example, the general connection between coalgebra symmetry and quasi-maximal superintegrability is analysed. The notion of comodule algebra symmetry is also shown to be applicable in order to construct new integrable deformations of certain Smorodinsky–Winternitz systems. Published in Superintegrability in Classical and Quantum Systems, edited by P. Tempesta, P. Winternitz, J. Harnad, W. Miller Jr., G. Pogosyan and M.A. Rodŕıguez, CRM Proceedings & Lecture Notes, vol. 37, American Mathematical Society, 2004 1 2


Mythology, as time goes, has derivations of the similar motif, being modified by both social changes and one who introduces it, this phenomenon...


Bandung city has culinary tourism varying and scattering in various locations. The growth of restaurants in this city increases every year, thereby causing tight competition in restaurant business. Therefore, the decrease in repeat purchase is one of the effects of tight competition. This study aims to identify and examine the strategy of increasing repeat purchase by using SWOT and PEST analyses in restaurant companies in Bandung to assess the change of environment and make a new strategy of increasing repeat purchase. This study used qualitative method, as well as primary and secondary data. Primary data sources were obtained through nonparticipant observations and interviews of restaurant staff and customers in Bandung. Secondary data sources were obtained on the basis of previous research results, journals and books related to the study topic. Results show that restaurant companies in Bandung can apply certain strategies, especially the quality control and optimisation of technology. Strategies that can increase repeat purchase are word-of-mouth strategy, optimisation information technology and customer relationship strategy.


A modification of an anamorphic scaling correlator previously proposed for character recognition is presented. The modified correlator allows the detection of characters of different sizes in an input through movements, following a linear dependence with the character size, of only the two last lenses of the system. Experimental results are shown.


Objective: The currently existing techniques in ordinary hematology laboratories do not allow for definitive diagnosis of alpha thalassemia carrier status. The objective of this study was to optimize a polymerase chain reactionbased method for the detection of the most common two-gene deletional alpha thalassemia of South East Asia type mutation. The detection of hemoglobin Barts hydrops fetalis, homozygous for this mutation, was also performed. Methods: Patients were selected upon reduced blood indices (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume). Assessment of iron status and HbA2 measurement were carried out to exclude iron deficiency and/or beta thalassemia carrier status. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out and the amplification products were electrophoreses using agarose gel. Results: A 195 bp DNA fragment associated with the SEA deletion was successfully amplified as well as a 314 bp DNA fragment representing the normal chromosome. Conclusion: The PCR described here allows rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of alpha thalassemia carriers with South East Asia type mutation and can be used for prenatal detection of hydrops fetalis caused by this mutation as well as for large population screening.


It is often difficult to treat for elbow contractures by malformation of bones. We planned a mobilization of elbow with using three‐dimensional full‐scale bone modeling. We found it was effective to use it in preoperative planning because we could recognize the elements of contractures in every deformity.


A bright idea: Mg/ZnO nanoparticles that exhibit bright, stable photoluminescence both in colloidal dispersions and in the solid state are formed by doping Mg(II) ions into ZnO nanoparticles by sonochemical synthesis. The changes in their band gaps and luminescence properties rely on the defect concentrations inside the ZnO nanoparticles; these concentrations are determined by the Mg/Zn molar ratios (see picture).


Once again, it is truly a pleasure to see the target article featured in this annual special European Personality Reviews section. And again, this is not least because the young author has persisted through the long and arduous review process I imposed on him. It is also because of the thoughtfulness the article displays about much of the 'conventional wisdom' about what we often should be doing in measuring personality and its influences on life outcomes. This is only reinforced by that of the many up-and-coming young personality psychologists as well as that of the longer-standing members of the personality psychology community who have commented. The field needs the steadying influence offered by the latter's long experience dealing with the always-incomplete associations among theory, measurement techniques and the empirical data those measurement techniques generate. This serves to minimize the cycles of rediscovery of long-before-realized practical and conceptual realities to which psychology in general and personality psychology in particular seem to be subject. It is especially encouraging to see this emerge in colleagues who have taken conceptual stands in the past that could not clearly be supported by the practical measurement and empirical data realties. And it is similarly encouraging to see that many younger commenters have appreciated many of these realities already. This is probably the best way to maximize using previously invented 'wheels', rather than clumsily doing without them until they get 'reinvented'. The target article was inspired for its author by his own increasing realization that quite a few recently published papers outlining studies of personality's contributions to life situations and health statuses that have considerable social and mental-health relevance had relied for their claims on direct behavioural-content overlap between individual item content in the personality trait scales and the behaviours or status outcomes of interest. As he had first-authored several of these papers, believing at the time that he was being faithful to his conceptual and technical training, this unleashed something of a crisis of confidence in his training that took him awhile to work through enough to produce this clearly written expression of the field's need to appreciate that, if direct content overlap is all that links personality to outcome in our measuring system, we cannot claim this as evidence that the broader latent trait the behavioural item is intended to reflect has actually contributed to the outcome's emergence. Though he did first-author several of the recent papers that have reported studies for which this was the basis of the authors' claims of personality contributions to outcomes, he was far from the only one. This suggests that others may need to suffer similar crises of confidence, as being in the position of not seeing this problem is primary 'stuff' fueling psychology's reinvention-of-wheel cycles and 'replication crisis. The target article author's 'crisis of confidence' is far from over. As he stated rather directly in both the article itself and his rejoinder, much of what the article addresses questions the reality of personality as latent traits that have power to contribute to life outcomes in the manner many if not most theories propose and many personality psychologists assume and in particular as he himself had been trained to assume. Yet the author directly avoided offering any answer to this question. Like many of us, this is because he does not yet have any answer to this question for himself, but accepts that our trait measures do have practical use if treated appropriately within their measurement scope. The field does need to address this question directly, but one step towards doing this was taken in this target article and the comments it generated. I can only hope it is inspiration for more. Wrestling with such 'crises of confidence' is never psychologically easy. At one level, it is the difference between Piaget's assimilation and accommodation. Under Piaget's theory, accommodation creates a 'stage shift' to a higher level of development that does not occur with 'mere' assimilation. At another level, it takes emotional and cognitive courage to grapple with such a crisis, especially when doing so means back-pedalling publicly on stands taken in previously published work and challenging tenets one believes one learned from one's more-experienced and wiser elders while one is young and still building one's own standing in the field. The target article's author has displayed this courage impressively, and this is another very encouraging indication for the field. I can only hope others will do likewise. The field is burdened with many persisting but very tenuous claims, as its 'replicability crisis' amply demonstrates.


This paper examines Cuba in the context of broader global realities affecting the lives of the vast majorities. Using the UN Millennium Development Goals data as a base, the study traces the historical and ideological underpinnings which determine the indicators displayed by Cuba in terms of material well being. It also applies a comparative approach with other Latin American countries to contrast overall direction and impact of policies taken during times of crisis, as a measure of the actual orientation of a given government and the guiding vision for the practices it pursues and implements. A Changing Cuba in a Changing World, the title for this conference, provides the only accurate framework for assessing Cuba's complex and often contradictory realities. It is in the context of those defining the world at large, that the realities specific to Cuba can became ultimately significant. What are the most salient features of the changing world and of a changing Cuba? What are some determining factors shaping them? In the case of Cuba, the supporting evidence for my assessment stems from a two-fold empirical base: 1) Indicators and statistics provided by major international organizations, and 2) direct observations and tracking of data made possible by years of leading a program of cross-disciplinary research conducted in Cuba by Tufts graduate students in fields ranging from health, education and the environment to culture and governance. This work has allowed me broad exposure to multiple spheres of Cuban society as well as to specialized scholarly and technical literature combined with and tested against direct observation of actual practices in situ. Although I have also compiled a wealth of incidental evidence, I rely, for my assessment, only on data with enough prevalence as to constitute distinctly significant patterns. As for the broad and overarching state of the changing world, I base the assessment on the most reliable and far reaching corpus of demonstraChanging Cuba/Changing World A Contribution to the Assessment of a Changing Cuba ble data available today: The one compiled by the UN under the Millennium Development Goals initiative. Articulated in 2000 and adhered to by the UN signatory countries, the MDG initiative has undertaken the most comprehensive tracking of key aspects of human development and well-being starting with 1990 data periodically updated, and with targets set to be reached by 2015. All UN derived international programs (i.e. United Nations Development Program and Human Development Index) and organizations (i.e. UNESCO and World Health Organization) as well as a myriad of NGOs and national and local official agencies, ministries and institutions currently feed the data base for the MDG's broad set of statistics and indicators. Even acknowledging the potential distortions and insufficiencies inherent in the compiled results -and their interpretation through filters not exempt from partisan readingsthe body of evidence amassed so far comprises one of the most revealing pictures of the state of the world, its inhabitants, and its environment, and points to realities hard to ignore. What are the most salient features of today`s changing world as projected through that evidence? Representative sample facts from the MDG: 80% of the world's population lives in the "developing" world. 46% of the world's population lives in extreme poverty (income of $1.08 p/day). Half of the world's population in the "developing" world lacks access to basic sanitation. 200 square kilometers (equivalent to the size of Paris) of forested areas in the "developing" world are lost every day to logging and other economic activities. 1 in 3 of the world's urban dwellers lives in slum conditions (inadequate sanitation, clean water supply, living space). 98% of those severely affected by natural disasters between 2000 and 2006 live in the "developing" regions. What are the most salient features in today`s changing Cuba? Representative sample facts: In 1998 the WHO awards Cuba "Health For All" medal for topping the "Healthy Life Expectations" index among non 1. The 8 areas under scrutiny are: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger; achievement of universal primary education; promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women; reduction of infant mortality; fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; reduction of maternal mortality; ensuring environmental sustainability; developing global partnerships for development (http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/) 2. www.un.org/docs/summit/2005/MDGBook.pdf 296 Changing Cuba/Changing World industrialized nations. In 2001 The World Bank praises Cuba for topping most poor countries in outstanding welfare benefiting the population. In 2003 the Food and Agriculture Organization praises Cuba as one of the few countries seriously pursuing the fight against urban and rural poverty. In 2006 the World Wild Life Fund cites Cuba as the only country in the world demonstrating significant achievement in sustainable environmental development. In 2007 the UN MDG shows that the infant mortality index of 5.3 p/1000 live births places Cuba among 30 countries in the world with best indicators, and second in the Americas after Canada. The latest UN Human Development Index Report (2007-2008) places Cuba in the highest of the three human development categories, a rank it now shares with the industrialized countries (51 among 70 nations in that category). The report also places Cuba as first in the world in the category measuring relationships between economic means and capacity for human development. What is Cuba, and what in its evolving process can account for the achievements that are in such marked contrast with more generalized world conditions? The question is inevitable, and some key pointers to sharpen the focus and to place Cuba in proper context will admittedly simplify—yet not distort—complex realities. Cuba is a poor and underdeveloped country in Latin America, a region which, after Sub-Saharan Africa, displays the world's widest gap between wealth and poverty. The underlying conditions generating such gap are not new but have been fixed, in their primary form, by the realities of its colonial past and the resulting rigid, hierarchical and quasi-pyramidal social structure allowing the exercise of economic, cultural, and socio-political power from a narrow top of select minority rule over a broad base of marginalized majorities. The end of colonial rule in the 19 century signaled, for all Latin American countries—Cuba included—little change in that overarching social structure beyond a transfer of guard for the sector exercising control at the top. The historic siphonage of the region's wealth towards the development of hegemonic countries, accomplished first via direct colonial domination and later with the mediation of local ruling elites profiting from the arrangement, proved to be effectively served by this vertical social configuration. It is only in the 20 century that this historic status quo becomes significantly challenged through social revolutions (Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua), national liberation movements in many counChanging Cuba/Changing World 297 A Contribution to the Assessment of a Changing Cuba tries, and the ballot (Guatemala, Chile, and most recently, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia). Cuba's 1959 revolution is the only one which has succeeded in consolidating and, so far, sustaining a different status quo. Far from being imported from abroad, its foundational thrust lies deep in Cuba's own history and its long and uniquely radical struggle for national independence, emancipation, and social justice going back to the 19 century, and to Jose Marti's vision of a "Cuba Libre." What were, from the start, the Revolution's most salient features? The course over the past 48 years has been mixed, and the retreats as numerous as the advances, yet two foundational pillars remain evident: 1) The Revolution is fiercely nationalist. That means that at every turn and critical juncture it has placed Cuba's interests above those of other countries, thus radically subverting the colonial and neo-colonial status quo by which the national wealth serviced predominantly the growth and development of more powerful countries with direct or indirect hegemony over the region. Clear evidence of this is the impossibility for foreign owned enterprises and interests to operate in Cuba except under contract with and strict control of the Cuban state. This characterized the terms under which Soviet and Eastern European enterprises were present in Cuba before 1990, as well as all foreign investment ventures starting with the Special Period until the present, in spite of the marked differences in the nature of the relationship in each of these two phases. Cuba's Foreign Investment Law mandates that all foreign ventures operate in partnership with the Cuban state, and be barred from owning Cuba's national resources, including land. It also gives national institutions and organizations (spanning the Confederation of Cuban Workers to the Ministry of Environmental Policy) control over terms and practices of production, profit allocation, salaries and work conditions. A very different picture, indeed, from the way in which foreign interests operate in most of Latin American countries, where the recently revived historic struggle for asserting a measure of sovereignty over national resources in several of them (Bolivia and Ecuador, the latest ones) points to centuriesold unresolved problems of dependence and subservience, in spite of (or, perhaps, because of) current globalization and "free-trade" agreements. 2) The Revolution is also radically oriented towards the defense and preservation of the interests of the majorities over the minorities thus 298 Changing Cuba/Changing World effectively turning the historic pyramidal structure on its head. It placed at the front the interests o


that all these questions deserve further analysis and research. Overall, the book is a refresher on the applicability of the dependency theory in the analysis of international relations between the Latin American and Caribbean regions and China. Its main strength is the overview of the these countries' political behaviour through the lens of China's political and economic approach. As Stalling points out, the book is not intended to answer all questions regarding relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Rather the book sets a foundation for the application of dependency mechanisms in individual countries' relations with China. This is necessary during an important time of China's increasing global influence and the shift in the dependency of developing countries on China. The book is not only recommended for college students majoring in international relations and political science, but also a good read for anyone interested in relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean.


The karyotype analysis of four Lilium species,L.rosthornii Diels,L.tsingtauense Gilg,L.pumilum DC.and L.regale Wilson,were studied in the experiment.The results indicated that the karyotype of L.tsingtauense was 3A,that of others were 3B.The karyotype formula was 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+2sm+6st+12t for L.rosthornii,2n=2x=24=8m(4SAT)+2sm(2SAT)+14t for L.tsingtauense,2n=2x=24=2m(2SAT)+6sm(4SAT)+4st(4SAT)+12t for L.pumilum,2n=2x=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm+6st+14t for L.regale.As·k% was 81.68%,76.09%,80.34%and 82.26% respectively.The karyotype of L.rosthornii and L.tsingtauense was domestic reported for the first time.


The article identifies the need to monitor the socio-economic consequences of the digital transformation of economic sectors and sectors of the social sphere in the context of key directions of the country's development. The paper summarizes the possibilities of monitoring the consequences of digital transformation, taking into account the approved National Program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation", which is being implemented by monitoring the development of the information society and a number of other tools for statistical accounting of information. The authors identified the problems of statistical monitoring of the consequences of digital transformation for the economy and assessing the gross value added of the digital sector, and also refined the algorithm for calculating the contribution of the gross value added of the digital sector to the gross domestic product.