The objective was the development of an efficient system for the micropropagation of the caper (Capparis spinosa L.), a woody shrub of great interest due to its products, its remarkable resistance to drought and its tolerance to high temperatures. In vitro cultures were first established through disinfection and seed germination. A scarification of these with concentrated H2SO4 (98% v/v) was necessary to break dormancy. Only 15% of the seeds germinated. Nodal segments were obtained from the germinated seedlings, which were cultivated in basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) semisolid added with benzyladenine (BA), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and metatopoline (MT), this in order to induce multiple sprouting. The best response was obtained with 2 mg L of these cytokinins, with an average number of well-differentiated sprouts per nodal segment of 3.6 with MT, 2.3 with BA and 1.5 with 2iP, this after 54 d of incubation. The combination of cytokinins with an auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid, was also tested. This combination improved the BA response, reaching an average of 3.2 sprouts per nodal segment. With the other cytokinins, it did not show a positive effect, maintaining very similar values with and without auxin. In addition to well-differentiated sprouts, masses or clusters of numerous small sprouts were generated, unsuitable for transfer to the rooting medium. These masses were transferred to RITA type temporary immersion bioreactors, where an average of 89 well-differentiated sprouts were generated per original explant, this in a medium with 1 mg L of BA with 2 min immersions every 6 h. The sprouts took root with an efficiency of 80% in the basal environment, generating welldifferentiated plants suitable for transfer to the ground. The survival already in the external environment of the plants generated in vitro was 85%, showing an apparently normal development already in ex vitro conditions.


ABSTRACT There are many prescriptive learning design models, which attempt to guide teachers to design for learning by taking advantage of digital technologies. This paper argues that more emphasis could be put on design for learning as an informed practice. Four principles are suggested: Designs for learning should be (1) informed by available, relevant and recent resources, (2) continuously reflected upon and evaluated, (3) iteratively improved, and (4) shared, while also emphasizing lessons learned. Teachers should be encouraged to address questions that encourage them to inform their designs for learning, such as: What is known about the learning activity that you are designing? How can resources and your previous experiences be used to inform the design? How can you evaluate the design in order to know how it can be improved? How can your designs and lessons learned be shared with others?


This article introduced that Taicang Jiang'cheng sewage treatment plant made the effluent from B standard level 1 up to A standard level 1 in《Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Emission Standards》( GB18918-2002),using coagulation and sedimentation + D-filter process. It also described the process theory,characteristics and the new parameters of D-filter process,providing technical resarch and practice reference for sewage treatment plant upgrading.


In this reflection paper, we argue, contrary to many positive assessments of the use of new technologies, data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) in mLearning, it is worthwhile to look again at the process and agency that comes from human teachers and that live teaching acts should be prioritized in the creation of mLearning courses. The mLearning community should re-evaluate how teachers are part of the "most irreplaceable aspect of education: inspiration." (Schrager and Wang, 2017). We will review existing trends in 21 century education that marginalize the role of the teacher and propose a new model that introduces the need for personable mobile learning to place teachers back into their primary role within communities of learners. If mLearning is going to be a dominant trend in 21 century education, it must resist technological determinism and a belief that learners on their own are to be primarily in control of their educational experiences. A model of personable learning restores teaching to its rightful place—as a both powerful source of connection among learners and at the center of any learning experience.


To explore the potentials of hybrid plasmonics, ultrasharp 90 degree bends and resonators based on silicon waveguide and hybrid plasmonic waveguides are simulated and analyzed. Experimental demonstrations of ring and donut resonators based on hybrid plasmonics are also presented.


Despite the significant increase in the area under rice in the recent years, the yield and productivity level of varieties is greatly affected by many pests and diseases. In India, bacterial leaf blight and rice blast are the two major diseases which cause significant yield losses. Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. The annual loss of rice yield caused by blast was 10 to 30%, estimated to be enough for feeding ≈60 million people. Breeding efforts have aimed to introduce blast resistance (R) genes into susceptible elite cultivars. However, resistant cultivars often remain effective for only a few years due to pathogenic variability of M. grisea. Therefore, breeding for cultivars that display broad-spectrum and durable resistance has become a priority in rice improvement programs throughout the world. In order to sustain the yield levels of rice varieties, it is highly inevitable to develop disease resistant varieties and it will be highly desirable to deploy genes conferring resistance to rice blast in elite rice varieties. In this context, in the present study, two varieties viz., Improved Samba Mahsuri (B95-1) and Swarna Sub1 have been introgressed with blast resistance genes viz., Pi1, Pi2 and Pi54 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Two donors, viz., BPT/LAC/TETEP for Pi1, Pi54 and B95-1/A51 for Pi2 were selected to introgress three major genes conferring blast resistance into one of the promising variety, Improved Samba Mahsuri. Swarna/LAC/TETEP (Pi1, Pi54) and Swarna/A51 (Pi2) were used as donors for introgression into the submergence tolerant variety, Swarna Sub1. During first season, separate crosses were affected between B95-1 x BPT/LAC/TETEP and Swarna Sub1 x Swarna/LAC/TETEP and resulting F1s were confirmed for their hybridity by using gene linked markers viz., RM224, RM206 for Pi1 and Pi54 genes respectively. The true F1s were then crossed with B95-1/A51, possessing Pi2 to produce inter-cross F1s in Improved Samba Mahsuri and the inter-cross F1s were also generated in Swarna Sub1 background by crossing with Swarna/A51. The derived ICF1s were confirmed by using RM224, RM527 and RM206 for Pi1, Pi2 and Pi54 genes respectively. BC1F1s were generated by crossing selected heterozygous IC-F1s with their respective parents and foreground selection was employed to identify the plants which are triple positives for target genes. Two best plants from BC1F1s derived from B95-1 and one best BC1F1 plant of Swarna Sub1 were selected by following strict phenotypic selection for the plant type; these best plants were again backcrossed with their recurrent parents to produce BC2F1 population. Among the 46 BC2F1 plants subjected to foreground selection by using gene specific markers in each background, triple gene positive, single best plants were selected based on strict phenotypic background selection and selfed to raise BC2F2 populations. Around 200 BC2F2 plants in B95-1 background, 150 in Swarna Sub1 were raised in the field and these plants were genotyped with gene specific markers, RM224, RM527 and RM206 for identification of homozygous dominant plants for all the three target genes. The plants homozygous for three genes, two genes and one gene were evaluated for agromorphological traits. 15 plants viz., ISM10-15-12, ISM10-15-16, ISM10-15-17, ISM10-1551, ISM10-15-77, ISM10-15-81, ISM10-15-101, ISM10-15-105, ISM10-15-109, ISM1015-119, ISM10-15-154, ISM10-15-167, ISM10-15-177, ISM10-15-180 and ISM10-15-195 are three gene pyramided plants and nine plants with Pi2+Pi54 viz., ISM10-15-32, ISM1015-42, ISM10-15-46, ISM10-15-86, ISM10-15-91, ISM10-15-103, ISM10-15-149, ISM10-15-176 and ISM10-15-1 in Improved Samba Mahsuri background. Whereas, eight plants viz., SS30-9, SS30-19, SS30-46, SS30-76, SS30-107, SS30112, SS30-131 and SS30-143 and nine lines for Pi2+Pi54 combination viz., SS30-24-25, SS30-24-58, SS30-24-73, SS30-24-77, SS30-24-110, SS30-24-111, SS30-24-113, SS3024-117 and SS30-24-134 are with three genes. The mean agronomic performance of three gene, two gene pyramided plants revealed that most of the plants with three genes showed superior performance for most of the characters coupled with similar/better grain type as that of their parents. The BC2F2:3 were phenotypically screened under Uniform Blast Nursery (UBN), following standard 0-9 scale (IRRI SES, 1996). Three gene pyramided plants of ISM and Swarna Sub1 are found extremely resistant with a scale of 0-1, followed by two gene (Pi2+Pi54) pyramided lines with 1-2 scale. On the basis of agro-morphological evaluation, grain type and resistant reaction three best lines viz., ISM10-15-119, ISM10-15-154 and ISM10-15-101, two gene (Pi2+Pi54) pyramided lines viz., ISM10-15-193, ISM10-15-42 and ISM10-15-32 were selected. Similarly, for Swarna Sub1, SS30-24-46, SS30-24-131and SS30-24-143 were best among the three gene pyramided lines and SS30-24-73, SS30-24-111, SS30-24-134 were best among two gene pyramided lines. Developed lines are of novel importance for durable resistance breeding and serves as a valuable source for present and future blast resistance breeding. These lines are need to be screened in hotspots with differential isolates in order to confirm their stability and durability of resistance.


A coastal wave energy climatology is developed based on a 35-year wave observation record obtained by the US Army Corps of Engineers at the Field Research Facility in Duck, NC. Spectral wave data from coastal observation stations ranging 6m to 26m in depth have been transformed using non-linear artificial neural net modeling to fill data gaps in a multi-decade time series at 18-m depth. A depth-dependant full spectral calculation of wave power shows Hurricane Isabel (2003) as the storm of record for maximum hourly wave power. Annual total wave energies depict a 3-5 year cycle, such occurs with major atmospheric cycles such as El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation. There are no obvious long term linear trends in the annual results. A coastal storm event chronology shows that nor'easters are the most frequent energetic storms, however the most powerful storms of the 35-year record are Hurricane Dennis (1999) followed by Hurricane Sandy (2012) and extratropical storm Nor'Ida (2009).


The task of confronting the national debt is challenging, but it is quickly becoming unavoidable. The strategy that I propose here would help policymakers face the problem head on. By bringing the real issue into focus (the debt-to-GDP ratio), policymakers can set accurate, meaningful goals. By emphasizing economic growth, they can avoid creating a growth problem as they solve a budget problem. By being honest about the primary cause of the problem — entitlement programs — they can move to address issues that will only become more painful if we delay.


The evolution of the full repertoire of proteins encoded in a given genome is driven by gene duplications, deletions and modifications of amino-acid sequences of already existing proteins. The information about relative rates and other intrinsic parameters of these three basic processes is contained in the distribution of sequence identities of pairs of paralogous proteins. We introduce a simple mathematical framework that allows one to extract some of this hidden information. It is then applied to the proteome-wide set of paralogous proteins in H. pylori, E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and H. sapiens. For the majority of organisms it was found that the intra-protein variability of amino-acid substitution rates is best described by a Gamma-distribution with the exponent n~0.33. The stationary per-gene deletion and duplication rates were estimated in all of the above genomes and shown to systematically increase with the number of genes in an organism. It was also found that the deletion rate for recently duplicated proteins is several orders of magnitude higher than among more distantly related protein pairs. This is consistent with a scenario in which fresh duplicates had not enough time to significantly change their functional roles and thus are to a large degree disposable. The validity of our mathematical framework was further confirmed by numerical simulations of a simple evolutionary model of a fixed-size proteome.


It is shown within the framework of relativistic field models of the ..pi..N interaction that the instability of nuclear matter to ..pi.. condensation becomes stronger when the Fermi velocity tends to the relativistic limit. The results agree with Migdal's theory and point to the need for taking ..pi.. condensation into account in the Lee and Wick model for abnormal states of atomic nuclei.


Introduction. Creating favorable conditions for the development of lactic acid microorganisms is one of the main factors in obtaining high-quality fermented products. The cycle of their life directly depends on the amount and composition of carbohydrates in plant tissue. Since a significant part of carbohydrates is consumed at the initial stage of fermentation process, additional fortification is needed. The research objective was to study the development rate of lactic acid microorganisms during the fermentation of plant substrate with a modified carbohydrate composition.
Study objects and methods. The research featured model medium based on white cabbage of the Parus variety. The medium was fermented with different strains of lactic acid microorganisms: at the first stage of fermentation – Leuconostoc mesenteroides, at the second stage – Lactobacillus casei VKM 536, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM B-578, Lactobacillus brevis VKM B-1309, and their paired consortia. The initial plant material was subjected to grinding and removal of native microflora for the development of target lactic acid microorganisms, then inoculated with L. mesenteroides. The target lactic acid microorganisms were introduced after the first stage of fermentation with simultaneous adjustment of the carbohydrate composition.
Results and discussion. The technology included modes of controlled two-stage microbial transformation of plant raw materials using modification of the carbohydrate composition of the substrate. A number of experiments made it possible to select the optimal composition of the consortium and establish the optimal fermentation time at the main stage of microbial processing. When the plant substrate was fermented by the consortium of L. casei + L. plantarum with an increased carbohydrate component, the decrease in the concentration was quite small: after 5–30 days, the decrease in the concentration of microorganisms did not exceed one order of magnitude, which was insignificant at an initial concentration of eight orders of magnitude. In other consortia, the decrease in the concentration of microorganisms was more pronounced.
Conclusion. The fortification of the vegetable substrate with carbohydrates made it possible to maintain the concentration of lactic acid microorganisms at a level comparable to the concentration at the time of inoculation. The concentrations of microorganisms varied slightly in both monocultures and their paired consortia during the entire main fermentation stage of the model medium with a modified carbohydrate component. By the end of the main fermentation stage, the concentration of microorganisms did not fall below 107 CFU/g. Therefore, the resulting system "microflora – substrate" proved to have probiotic properties. The study can be used to develop new technological modes of controlled step-by-step fermentation of plant raw materials in order to improve the quality indicators of the final product.


Objective Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal movements, phonations, and tics, but an accurate TS diagnosis remains challenging and indeed depends on its description of clinical symptoms. Our study was conducted to discover and verify some metabolite biomarkers based on nontargeted and targeted metabolomics. Methods We conducted untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) for preliminary screening of potential biomarkers on 30 TS patients and 10 healthy controls and then performed validation experiments based on targeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-MS (UHPLC/MS/MS) on 35 TS patients and 14 healthy controls. Results 1775 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), fold-change analysis, T-test, and hierarchical clustering analysis (adjusted p value <0.05 and |logFC| > 1). TS plasma samples were found to be differentiated from healthy samples in our approach. Furthermore, aspartate and asparagine metabolism pathways were considered to be a significant enrichment pathway in TS progression based on metabolite pathway enrichment analysis. For the 8 metabolites involved in this pathway that we detected, we then performed validation experiments based on targeted UHPLC/MS/MS. The t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine potential biomarkers. Ultimately, L-arginine and L-pipecolic acid were validated as significantly differentiated metabolites (p < 0.05), with an AUC of 70.0% and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusion L-pipecolic acid was defined as a potential biomarker for TS diagnosis by the combined application of nontargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis.


In this manuscript, the authors quantify the impact of capillary rise and water vertical recirculation on yield through simulations with the software SWAP. The model is calibrated for maize, grassland and potato over several years and places throughout the Netherlands. In order to isolate the respective impact of capillary rise from the groundwater, and water recirculation, the simulation boundary condition is modified from average fluctuating groundwater ("Ave") to free drainage ("FDrc") to free drainage with no upward water recirculation at the lower limit of the root zone ("FDnc").


We zoom in on the internal structure of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (LF QPO) often observed in black hole binary systems to investigate the physical nature of the lack of coherence in this feature. We show the limitations of standard Fourier power spectral analysis for following the evolution of the QPO with time and instead use wavelet analysis and a new time-frequency technique – Matching Pursuit algorithm – to maximise the resolution with which we can follow the QPO behaviour. We use the LF QPO seen in a very high state of XTE J1550−564 to illustrate these techniques and show that the best description of the QPO is that it is composed of multiple independent oscillations with a distribution of lifetimes but with constant frequency over this duration. This rules out models where there is continual frequency modulation, such as multiple blobs spiralling inwards. Instead it favours models where the QPO is excited by random turbulence in the flow.


We describe a new method for the solution of the ideal MHD equations in special relativity which adopts the following strategy: (i) the main scheme is based on Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, allowing for an arbitrary accuracy of order N+1, where N is the degree of the basis polynomials; (ii) in order to cope with oscillations at discontinuities, an "a-posteriori" sub-cell limiter is activated, which scatters the DG polynomials of the previous time-step onto a set of 2N+1 sub-cells, over which the solution is recomputed by means of a robust finite volume scheme; (iii) a local spacetime Discontinuous-Galerkin predictor is applied both on the main grid of the DG scheme and on the sub-grid of the finite volume scheme; (iv) adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) with local time-stepping is used. We validate the new scheme and comment on its potential applications in high energy astrophysics.


America is now facing an unprecedented level of loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is unlike anything we have witnessed in our lifetimes. The staggering number of deaths holds devastating implications for our mental health. Research has shown that grief resulting from the death of a loved one to COVID-19 is more intense, prolonged, and debilitating than grief stemming from most other causes. These painful feelings of grief are often accompanied by other powerful emotions, including guilt, anger, and fear about what lies ahead. In addition, Americans continue to struggle with the difficulties brought about by the pandemic, such as profound disruptions in our daily lives and insecurity about work, housing, and food. For many, the stress associated with the pandemic has been pervasive and unrelenting. It has taken an enormous toll on our health, our relationships and our feelings of safety and security.


The vibration increased suddenly during the normal operation of the gas turbine in cogeneration plant. The subsequent disassembly showed one blade of compressor 5th stage fractured and many downstream blades were damaged. The OEM redesigned and replaced the 5th blades already, because the 5th blade failure had occurred before. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope inspection of the blade which had the same indication by the non-destructive test showed the forging defect at the same location with the fractured blade. The forging defect might be induced by the insufficient removal of surface crack and scale or foreign object inclusion in the process of hot forging. The defect existed at the highly stressed area and the crack initiated at the point. And the crack propagated by the high cycle fatigue and fractured finally. This paper describes the root cause analysis and countermeasures for the gas turbine compressor blade damage of the cogeneration plant.


The recent Audit Commission report A Spoonful of Sugar was grim reading.1 The report suggested that nearly 1100 people died last year in England and Wales as a result of medication errors or adverse reactions to medicines and that the number had increased fivefold in just 10 years. This alarming increase may be an overestimate inflated by changes in defining and reporting causes of death and cannot all be attributed to a true deterioration in prescribing. However, studies elsewhere also hint at high rates, 2 3 although the definitions and data have been questioned.3 The Audit Commission failed to distinguish clearly between medication errors, inevitable adverse reactions, and potentially preventable adverse reactions. Since strategies for minimising each are different, we need data that tell us where problems lie.

There are several reasons why drug errors might have risen (see box). In addition, human error is most likely when inexperienced and overworked staff, in a stressful environment, struggle with unfamiliar …


Interface IP are an integral part of systems-on-chips (SoC) that include mobile, automotive, or networking applications and are primarily used for transmitting data over a physical medium between a host and device. The mixed-signal nature of the IP makes verification a challenging task, requiring special considerations for digital and analog sections. This paper describes a robust mixed-signal verification technique using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM).


Student Researcher: Samone Able, Ocean Lake High School; Virginia Beach, Virginia Mentor: Alan Shuldiner, MD, University of Maryland, School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland Elevated levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke. Recently, sequence variants in the proprotein converstase suntilisin/kexin type 9-serine protease gene (PCSK9) have been identified and found to be associated with plasma levels of LDL cholesterol. PCSK9 is a secreted enzyme of the serine protease family and is expressed most abundantly in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. Overexpression of PCSK9 or the mouse orthologue in the livers of mice results in a marked reduction in LDL receptors, which is the main pathway for the removal of LDL from the plasma, and a corresponding increase in circulating LDL cholesterol levels. For this study, we hypothesized that variants of PCSK9 are associated with LDL levels in the Old Order Amish population. In order to test the hypothesis, we chose specific variants to genotype in the Old Order Amish population. Using hapmap, a scientific website that lists specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we were able to capture the variation in the entire gene. We refer to these common SNPs as tag SNPs. We selected eight tag SNPs from this database based on linkage disequilibrium, as well as minor allele frequencies ..05. TaqMan was the method used to genotype these eight tag SNPs in the PCSK9 gene. This method uses different probes that detect specific alleles within the sequence. For each of the eight tag SNPs genotyped, the results were displayed as three clusters: one representing homozygotes for the common allele, one for the heterozygotes, and the third for the homozygotes for the rare allele. The eight tag SNPs of PCSK9 gene were not found to be associated with fasting low-density lipoprotein levels in the Amish. There were, however, two SNPs, rs10888897 and rs557435, which were associated with triglyceride levels following the consumption of a high fat diet. The results indicated that common SNPs within PCSK9 may play a modest role in lipid metabolism. BACKGROUND


Abstract The method described in this paper is based on the removal of volatile organic ingredients of the compound by heating in a current of purified nitrogen and, on the subsequent combustion of the carbon black to carbon dioxide, which is collected and weighed. The effect of the adsorptive nature of the carbon black has been studied, and the volatile components of many of the standard grades of carbon black used in the industry have been determined under the experimental conditions used.


The thermal behavior of epoxy resins used for electronic materials as laminates and moulding compounds bearing phosphonate substructures as new fire retardants was investigated at 400, 600, and 800 8C. While the phosphorus species are converted at higher temperatures to P4O10, at lower temperatures a transesterification reaction occurs that results in the formation of a cyclic phosphonic ester 1 and homologues. Independent synthesis of 1 allowed the final elucidation of its molecular structure, and its spectroscopic, structural, and toxicological features.


The paper is based on report of a committee which produced by the Japanese National Committee for TC28.In this paper,current construction of tunnels in Japan is introduced,including shield tunneling and NATM methods.New earthquake-resistant designs for the tunnels after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake are also introduced.


Along with the enterprise informationization acceleration, the scale and complexity of network application also continue to increase. Intranet security problem is the very important link in the security system. We have to solve the intranet security problem by planning the intranet resources, Standardizing the the intranet behavior, preventing the intranet information revelation and constructing the effective security management strategy, thus the entire network system's security can be assured.


The method by stamping punch cylindrical and tapered die. According to the invention, the blank 12a is subjected to one (or more) between a stamping die 31 with a frustoconical inner wall and a cylindrical punch 30, of the clamping means 32 being moderate pressure to the metal, by deforming the shape of the matrix. Application for manufacturing can body sheet "double reduction". (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


In this paper, we analyse various topologies of multiple antenna systems in radars. The results are presented by means of a novel detection theoretic approach to track the detection capability of radars. The new detection approach is more tractable than conventional 'probability of detection analysis' and is based on modelling of radar target as a modulator in an analogous communication system. This method is called the analogous communication system for a radar (ACSR) and quantifies 'detection' as being inversely proportional to bit error rates (BER) of the resulting communications channel


In the analysis of familial data there has been some confusion regarding the best estimator of the parent-offspring correlation and/or regression. Rather than rely on simulation evidence, we examine explicit formulae for the bias and mean squared error of four (asymptotically unbiased) estimators: the pairwise correlation and regression coefficients, the sib-mean regression coefficient, and the ensemble estimator. In terms of bias, it is shown that the ensemble estimator is a better estimator of the interclass correlation than the pairwise. In terms of mean squared error, the pairwise correlation is, on balance, the best estimator, certainly when the intraclass correlation is less than about .3: this "watershed" value has been observed by other workers in simulation studies, and varies from about .3 for families with a low mean number of progeny to about .1 for those with a high mean number. An explicit expression for the "watershed" value is obtained in terms of the arithmetic mean, the harmonic mean, and the variance of the family size distribution.


bonding of their O-H group [9]. They are polar and self-associated liquids. The dipolar association of alcohols decreases when they are mixed with aromatic hydrocarbons due to some specific intermolecular interactions between the alcohol and an aromatic hydrocarbon [10, 5] Precise analysis of water content in the mixture of alcohol product are required in the brewery or chemical industry. Some sophisticated technique such as Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography is too expensive to be used in less developed areas for researches. These techniques require experts to operate them and constant power supply is also required to analyse impurity contents of a sample. Therefore the construction of a simple and yet reliable equipment for the analysis of contents of a liquid is of paramount importance [11]. This report is concerned with the viscosity and thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures using an innovative technique constructed for the analysis of purity of water mixtures. The main aim is to show that the technique can be employed for teaching and research purposes and to determine some thermodynamic properties that cannot be directly measured experimentally. Abstract: The analysis of some thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures was reported. The properties of methanol-water mixture, ethanol-water mixtures such as; density, viscosity, activation energy, enthalpy and entropy were evaluated. These parameters were investigated at different temperatures and constant atmospheric pressure using an innovative technique designed and constructed for the purpose of analysis of water-mixtures in solutions. The activation energy of water, methanol, ethanol, methanol-water mixture and ethanol-water mixture were 14.49±0.17, 9.05±0.11, 14.92±0.21, 12.17±0.21 and 14.73±0.09 kJ.mol −1 respectively. The corresponding enthalpy and entropy of the liquids were also calculated from the experimentally determined parameters.


In this poster, we firstly put forward to an effective anomaly detection method based on TCM-KNN (Transductive Confidence Machines for K-Nearest Neighbors) algorithm to fulfill DDoS attacks detection task towards ensuring the QoS of web server. The method is good at detecting network anomalies with high detection rate, high confidence and low false positives than traditional methods, because it combines "strangeness" with "p-values" measures to evaluate the network traffic compared to the conventional ad-hoc thresholds based detection and particular definition based detection. Secondly, we utilize the new objective measurement as the input feature spaces of TCM-KNN, to effectively detect DDoS attack against web server. Finally, we introduce Genetic Algorithm (GA) based instance selection method to boost the real-time detection performance of TCM-KNN and thus make it be an effective and lightweight mechanism for DDoS detection for web servers.


The Patau syndrome is a rare autosomal trisomy, characterized by the fetal malformations involving the central nervous system, among others. The phenotype of Patau syndrome causes impact on families by the vulnerability and involvement in the child's life by changing the lifestyle, emotional balance and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to investigate the literature, empirical studies of the syndrome, related to the development, and describe the clinical of a child with that diagnosis, female, with 04 years and 11 months, relating to maternal level of overload. The evaluation of the development was instrumented by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and overload by Bourden Interview Scale. The results showed damage in all areas of development, with relevance for communication and autonomy. The absence of high overload was suggestive of that family support may have mitigated the impact of care and reflected positively on the caregiver quality of life. Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim1*, Belisa Brisola Brito Prado2, Sylvia Maria Ciasca3, Maria Valeriana Leme de Moura-Ribeiro4 and Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica5 1Neuropsicóloga, Doutora em Ciências Médicas, Docente do Depto de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP) e da Pós graduação do Hospital de Reabilitação em Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC-USP), Endereço: R. Bandeirantes, no 9-60 Apto 61 Centro Cep 17015-012 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil 2Psicóloga, Especialização em Neuropsicologia aplicada à Neurologia Infantil, Centro de Reabilitação Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. 3Neuropsicóloga, Livre Docente em Ciências Médicas, Docente do Depto de Neurologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade de Campinas (FCM/Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil. 4Neurologista Infantil, Titular em Neurologia Infantil da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. 5Fonoaudióloga, Doutora em Ciências da Comunicação, Docente do Depto e do Programa de Pós graduação em Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. *Address for Correspondence Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim, Neuropsicóloga, Doutora em Ciências Médicas, Docente do Depto de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP) e da Pós graduação do Hospital de Reabilitação em Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC-USP), Endereço: R. Bandeirantes, no 9-60 Apto 61 Centro Cep 17015-012 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, Tel: 55-14-32358232; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Submission: 26 February, 2016 Accepted: 14 March, 2016 Published: 19 March, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Tabaquim MdLM, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Reviewed & Approved by: Dr. Roberto Maniglio, Clinical Psychology, University of Salento, Italy Case Report Open Access Journal of Neurology and Psychology development advances and the life expectancy of the child. Searching the literature about the Patau syndrome, 151 studies in PUBMED and 6 in SCIELO, described in the last 10 years, were found. Using the key words "Patau syndrome and cognition", one study was found [18]; using the key words "language", "speech", "motor", "child development", no studies were found. Using the key words "Patau syndrome and family", 12 articles in English were found. Of these, only 5 relate the experiences of parents dealing with the disorder [1923], two of these are accounts of personal experiences [19,22], and the rest relate ethical aspects, prenatal diagnosis and family findings. The term "caregiver burden" has been used to refer to physical, psychological or emotional problems that generally are experienced by the relatives of people that have dependencies, caused by deficiencies, disorders and limitations [24,25]. Understanding the "caregiver burden" refers to objective and subjective concepts [26,27]. The objective burden is determined by the frequency of assistance and supervision of the caregiver in the daily care of the dependent, whom concrete demands involve the excess of tasks, supervision Introduction The Patau syndrome, also known as Trisomy 13, is a genetic disorder which is characterized by multiple fetal malformations, involving the central nervous, cardiovascular and urogenital systems, among others [1-6]. It refers to the disjunction of the chromosomes during the anaphase 1 of meiosis, resulting in 24 gametes chromatids. It is the third more frequent autosomal trisomy, although considered a rare syndrome [7,8]. The major detected malformations of the central nervous system were holoprosencephaly, cerebellar changes, corpus callosum agenesis and hydrocephalus. Nonetheless, there are other factors that indicate this syndrome [1,9,10]. The clinical findings show that, from 50 to 80% can show apnea and tremors, microphthalmia, cleft lip and palate, polydactyly, congenital heart disease, epicanthic fold, deafness, micrognathia, excess skin on the neck or short neck, capillary hemangiomas, long and hyperconvex fingernails, retroflexible thumbs, flexion deformity of the fingers, single palmar crease, halucal standard tibial strap, prominent calcaneus, hypotonia, plus many other findings also described [5, 9,10]. Only 5% of the cases survive more than three years [11], and on literature, there are few described cases of children that survive beyond that age [4,12-16]. The Patau syndrome phenotype affects the families. The birth of a child with chromosomal abnormality is a critical and remarkable event in the family routine because of the vulnerability and involvement of diseases and chronic conditions that compromise the child's life by changing the lifestyle, emotional balance and interpersonal relationships [17]. Dealing with the low life expectancy is a stressing event for the family, which has a big interest regarding the prognosis, Citation: Tabaquim MdLM, Prado BBB, Ciasca SM, Moura-Ribeiro MVLd, Lamônica DAC. Adaptive Behavior and Family Burden in Patau Syndrome: Case Report. J Neurol Psychol. 2016; 4(1): 5. J Neurol Psychol 4(1): 5 (2016) Page 02 ISSN: 2332-3469 of behaviors, financial difficulties and disturbances in their routine and social life. The subjective burden is determined by the level of discomfort felt by the caregiver when exerting his role in care and concerns with the dependent, being related to the universe of feelings concerning present and future, dealing with problematic situations, feelings of loss, guilt, shame, powerlessness and helplessness. In the traditional family setting, the woman still has a predominant role taking care of the house and children [28]. For Pimenta et al. among the possible factors that influence the male parent involvement, can be highlighted the motivation, which would be the desire of involvement (based on the involvement with their own parents); habilities and availability (needed in the care of children); and support (approval of that involvement by the family and social group) [17]. On the above, this study aims to verify the adaptive behavior and family burden of a Patau syndrome case in a 4 years and 11 months old girl, with literature review on topic.


This paper describes a joint project between the University of Idaho and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratories (INEEL) which addresses solutions to the problem of surviving malicious intrusions in networked computer systems. A new approach to survivability is proposed, that consists of a survivability architecture and run-time attack detection, both based on attack signatures. An o -line derivation process generates the attack signatures, which are then used in a bottom-up fashion as an aid to harden the system using methods and algorithms found in restrictive distributed fault-tolerant systems based on the principles of redundancy. Thus, the focus is shifted from intrusion avoidance and detection, to guaranteeing that critical functions survive even in the presence of intrusion. At run-time, malicious acts can be masked, while intrusion detection using attack signatures is used for attack recognition.


Diet induced inflammation is affecting the incidence and progression of many chronic disease conditions. Lifespan has historically increased, but not healthy lifespan (healthspan). In the USA, lifespan has decreased for 3 consecutive years, and projections are that new generations of children may be the first ones to have a shorter lifespan compared to their parents. Over 90% of Americans over age 65 are affected by at least one chronic degenerative conditions, with unsustainable implications also for health care costs, which at $3 Trillion, already represent 18% of USA GDP. Recent results from our group and from others indicate that cell based therapies, nutritional and lifestyle intervention could have a profound impact on disease progression. Eight year follow-up on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of intrapancreatic Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) infusions indicate a significant decrease of chronic complications related to diabetes disease progression and recent results from pilot clinical trials indicate that nutrients and supplements could impact disease susceptibility and progression, including but not limited to dietary fatty acids, polyphenols, anti-oxidants and vitamin D3. Incidentally, MSC, Omega3 and vitamin D3 share immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Omega 3 levels are also inversely associated with all-cause mortality and low vitamin D levels are associated with higher mortality in diabetes.


The article considers the calculation of the main design parameters of a geothermal air cooling system in livestock premises, which, unlike traditional systems, do not use fossil fuels to generate heat. They simply take energy from the soil, while, as a rule, electricity is used only for the operation of fans, compressors and pumps. The purpose of the study is to reduce energy consumption when creating the technologically necessary temperature and humidity conditions in premises by using the cold of the earth's strata. The calculation of the heat exchanger installed inside the livestock premises is reduced to the choice of design and energy parameters of the surface heat exchanger of the cooling unit, as well as to the determination of the flow rate of water passing through the heat exchanger. Water cooling is done in a heat exchanger buried vertically in the soil (the so-called probe). The probe is a plastic pipe lowered into the well and filled with a special filling with good thermal conductivity. The article presents the calculation of the probe length, since this parameter of the heat exchanger-probe is the main parameter of the installation.


Like many people who ought to have known better, I chose to commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of America's most famous military disaster by taking my family to see Jerry Bruckheimer's execrable movie Pearl Harbor (2001). It wasn't a complete waste of time. About halfway through, we got our money's worth. The audience, eyes glazed like a franchise doughnut after slogging through ninety minutes of possibly the least interesting love story in cinema history, was rewarded with a battle sequence that ranked among the wildest ever filmed. The fact that the navy permitted director Michael Bay to blow up ten actual warships while recreating Japan's surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet headquarters contributed immeasurably to the scene's visual impact, but Bay deserved some credit, too; his skill at orchestrating epic disaster spectacles, already demonstrated in Armageddon (1998) and Bad Boys (1995), was once more in evidence, and stood in customary contrast to his ineptitude with dialogue and character development. One image in the attack scene was genuinely haunting, as rescuers attempted to cut through the hull of the capsized battleship Oklahoma with an acetylene torch; several hands reached up through the narrow incision made by the torch, groped frantically, and then went limp as water levels rose within the ship and the trapped sailors drowned. For a moment, Pearl Harbor succeeded in making its title something more than a cliche. But then screenwriter Randall Wallace spoiled everything-at least for the historians in attendance-by having the character of Danny (played by Josh Hartnett) bark into a telephone: "I think World War II just started!" That asinine line underscores a key point in Emily S. Rosenberg's book A Date Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory: "for most Americans, the historical narrative of World War II often begins with the Pearl Harbor attack, establishing American military action as reactive and defensive" (p. 15). Obviously, the citizens of other belligerent nations do not share this historical narrative. As Rosenberg notes, "[t]he attack on Pearl Harbor ... is


The Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae has been used for many years as a medicine in the therapeutic in Brazil. However, the pharmacological action still under evaluation by many research centres. The aim of this study is stablish, based in clinical trials, the real properties of Maytenus ilicifolia.


The nonrandom clustering of galaxies and clusters of galaxies has attracted increasing attention in the past 40 years. The mathematical tests and criteria used to distinguish between an observed distribution and a Poisson, i.e., random, statistically uniform distribution, are outlined. The observational evidence for (and against) hierarchical clustering of galaxies and clusters on various characteristic length scales A from 0.1 Mpc to at least 100 Mpc, is reviewed. Some cosmological implications and possible origins of the clustering spectrum are discussed. Key words: galaxies - clusters of galaxies 1. Introduction 2. Subclustering: pairs and multiplets (A 0.1 Mpc) 3. Small-scale clustering: groups and small clusters (A 1 Mpc) 4. Statistical principles 5. Index of dumpiness and dispersion-subdivision curves 6. Correlation techniques and power spectrum analysis 7. Galactic absorption effects A. Average effects B. Fluctuation effects 8. Medium-scale clustering: large clusters, cloud complexes, and superclusters (A 10 Mpc) 9. The distribution of rich clusters A. The Zwicky Catalog B. The Abell Catalog 10.Large-scale clustering and density gradients (A 100 Mpc) 11.Galaxy clustering and the density-radius relation 12.The spectrum of clustering and its origin


Position Over the last few years, the researchers and practitioners have realized the clear need for rule bases to be distributed and interoperable over the web to realize their true potential. It is our position that, in order for this to happen there needs to be efforts in several different fronts simultaneously. This document lists some high level requirements in several of the areas that we believe require further efforts.


Groups of F344 and Wistar rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of N‐hydroxy‐3,2′‐dimethyl‐4‐aminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐DMAB) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight with a 1‐week dietary pretreatment with ethinyl estradiol (EE), and this regimen was repeated 10 times at one‐week intervals. Additional groups were given N‐OH‐DMAB 10 times without the dietary EE pretreatment. The total experimental period was 60 weeks. Carcinomas and atypical hyperplasias of the prostate developed in 8 (42%) and 16 (84%) of 19 F344 rats without the dietary EE treatment and in 1 (6%) and 7 (39%) of 18 rats with the EE diet, respectively. No prostatic tumors were found in Wistar rats, although atypical hyperplasias were observed in 6 of 18 rats with and 4 of 8 rats without the EE supplementation. Tumor yields in other organs were extremely low, resulting in good survival of the animals. A comparison of the results with those obtained for DMAB suggests that intraperitoneal administration of N‐OH‐DMAB in F344 provides a better induction method for models of prostate carcinogenesis.


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a condition that is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and worsens with time. Worldwide, cigarette smoking is the most commonly encountered risk factor for COPD, although in many countries, air pollution resulting coal dust or from the burning of wood and other biomass fuels has also been identified as a COPD risk factor. COPD is a heterogeneous disorder that encompasses traditional clinical entities such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis (S Drivas et al., 2007, BJ Make, et al., 2010). The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD (JB Soriano et al., 2017) a collaborative effort from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; and the World Health Organization, defines COPD as a usually progressive disease with airflow limitation / progressive dispnoea/ that is not fully reversible and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases.Patients with COPD present with a variety of clinical findings, including elements of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (RJ Halbert et al., 2003, R Perez Padilla et al., 2005, KR Chapman et al., 2006 ). Although COPD and asthma are both associated with airflow obstruction and inflammation of the lung and airways, asthma-related airflow obstruction is more reversible and the disease course is more variable than with COPD (AD Lopez et al., 2006, As Buist et al., 2007, TJ Wilt et al., 2005) Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to determine the role and relationship between occupational coal dust exposure and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease /COPD/ in exposed workers. This study is done in the Institute of Occupational health in Obiliq, Kosovo.


Click-through rate prediction has been widely used in recommendation system, search engine optimization, advertising and other fields. Traditional machine learning methods such as LR, FM, and GBDT require a large amount of artificial feature construction processes and only learn the linear relationship between features. With the rapid development of deep learning in natural language processing, computer vision, many studies such as DeepFM, PNN, and Wide&Deep, apply DNN models to Click-through rate prediction estimation. In this work, I use the modified deep interest network (DIN) for the click-through rate prediction task. The mixed loss is proposed as the training loss to fit the DIN model. Attention mechanism is improved according to different input features. I evaluate proposed deep interest network model on Taobao ad click data. Results show the model has superior performance than other deep learning methods. Experiments show that the modified DIN model is effective for the Taobao advertising data click-through rate prediction task.


AM "thankful for Mr. Eliot." If my endeavor to be objective in appraising this controversial play has led me to false emphasis, I then Mr. Smith's interpretation may, I hope, provide the antidote. Although I have re-examined T h e Cocktail Party several times in the many months which have elapsed since I wrote my interpretation, my writing about this important play was not an immediate response either to seeing it in the theater or studying it in reflective mood. I must admit that for several years T. S. Eliot as a literary critic has been for me a guide. However much I may have failed to follow his precepts and examples, I have felt his influence deeply. Hence in the brief time allotted to me for writing a rejoinder to Mr. Smith's stimulating critique, I offer three pertinent quotations from Mr. Eliot's article, "The Social Function of Poetry," appearing in T h e Adelphi, July, 1945; originally delivered as an address, "Le r6Ze social des poites," in Paris, May, 1945:


Combining the the results of A.R. Meyer and L.J. Stockmeyer "The Equivalence Problem for Regular Expressions with Squaring Requires Exponential Space", and K.S. Booth "Isomorphism testing for graphs, semigroups, and finite automata are polynomiamlly equivalent problems" shows that graph isomorphism is PSPACE-complete.


Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently report elevated anger. Information processing biases may underlie this finding. We examined the effects of worry (n = 51) and anger rumination (n = 50) inductions, relative to relaxation (n = 49), on information processing biases associated with GAD and trait anger using an experimental design. We also examined whether participants who met diagnostic criteria for GAD via self-report (n = 41) exhibited greater negative information processing styles than less anxious individuals (n = 109) following the mood inductions. Participants completed tasks assessing threatening interpretations of ambiguous situations and hostile and benign attributions of ambiguous intent. There were no differences in information processing across the three conditions. However, GAD analogues demonstrated greater threatening interpretations and hostile attributions than their less anxious counterparts, regardless of experimental condition. This suggests that GAD symptoms relate to both threatening interpretation and hostile attribution biases.


Oxymatrine, a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Aiton, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and atherosclerotic effects, but the molecular mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates an important role of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether oxymatrine attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury, an in vitro cell model of atherosclerosis, by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and elucidate the role of the sirtuin (SIRT)1/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in this process. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were detected by CCK-8 assay and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was detected using a ROS assay kit. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined using commercial kits. The inflammatory cytokines levels were measured by ELISA and protein expression was monitored by western blot analysis. The results revealed that oxymatrine alleviated ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Concurrently, oxymatrine inhibited ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in HUVECs, as evidenced by the significant decreases in the expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in HUVECs. In addition, NLRP3 siRNA transfection efficiently suppressed ox-LDL-induced pyroptosis and HUVEC injury. Furthermore, oxymatrine promoted SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway activation in HUVECs subjected to ox-LDL treatment, and SIRT1 deficiency induced by SIRT1 siRNA transfection abolished the protective effect of oxymatrine against ox-LDL-induced injury. SIRT1 siRNA also mitigated the oxymatrine-induced decreases in ROS generation and MDA content, and the increases in MMP as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in HUVECs. Moreover, SIRT1 siRNA transfection blocked the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Collectively, these results indicated that oxymatrine may attenuate ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.


Employment Law Center and theUniversity of California, Hastings College of Law, SanFrancisco (Ms Center); George Washington UniversitySchoolofPublicHealthandHealthServices,Washing-ton, DC (Dr Davis); Department of Psychiatry, Univer-sity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Dr De-tre);DepartmentsofMedicine,Epidemiology,andHealthPolicyandManagement,JohnsHopkinsSchoolofMedi-cine, Baltimore, Md (Dr Ford); Department of Educa-tion, Research, and Development, University of Cali-fornia Medical Center, San Diego (Ms Hansbrough);American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and De-partmentofPsychiatry,NewYorkMedicalCollege,NewYork(DrHendin);AmericanCancerSociety,Atlanta,Ga(Dr Laszlo); Office of the US Surgeon General, Wash-ington,DC(DrLitts);DivisionofNeuroscience,Depart-mentofPsychiatry,ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCen-ter,NewYork,NY(DrMann);CommitteeforPhysicians'Health, Medical Society of the State of New York, andDepartmentofPsychopharmacologyatAlbanyCollegeof UnionUniversity,Albany(DrMansky);thePayneWhit-neyClinic,JoanandSanfordI.WeillMedicalCollegeofCornellUniversity,NewYork,NY(DrMichels);Depart-ment of Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Minne-sota Medical School, Minneapolis (Dr Miles); Alfred I.duPontHospitalforChildren,Wilmington,Del,andJef-fersonMedicalCollege,Philadelphia,Pa(DrProujansky);WesternPsychiatricInstituteandClinic,UniversityofPitts-burghMedicalCenter,Pittsburgh,Pa(DrReynolds);andNationalSuicidePreventionResourceCenter,Newton,Mass,andDepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofChi-cago Medical School, Chicago, Ill (Dr Silverman).


Tadpoles of Amietia ruwenzorica (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) were collected in the Ruwenzori Mountains, Uganda(identified by DNA barcoding). The ventrally directed enlarged oral disc with a high number of labial tooth rows (LTRF9(4)/9(1)) and the narrow tail with robust caudal musculature characterise them as stream-dwellers. We name this mor-photype the 'common or standard type of stream-adaptation', because special additional adhesive organs are missing in A. ruwenzorica. The uniserially arranged oral teeth of the spoon-shaped type with 16 to 18 cusps per tooth are known fromother anuran larvae, especially from pyxicephalids. The buccal morphology resembles generalized tadpoles with some re-strictions and all features of a suspension-feeding pyxicephalid larva are present in A. ruwenzorica. This leads us to theconclusion that tadpoles of this species are suspension-feeders scraping periphyton off the surface and ingesting bottomand deposit particles. Histopathological and scanning electron microscopy investigations demonstrated the presence of theamphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in part of our material resulting in signs of chytridiomycosis indicated by the loss of labial teeth and by corrosion of jaw sheaths.


Superconducting coatings in the system Bi‐Ca‐Sr‐Cu‐O were deposited on alumina substrates by plasma spray methods. The coatings were superconducting in the ''as‐sprayed'' condition and improved with heat treatment. The best results were for coatings with resistivity values near 10 mΩ cm at room temperature and zero resistance at 96 K. The coatings had a magnetic transition near 80 K, with a weak diamagnetic signal up to 112 K. Superconductivity in the coatings was associated with two distinct phases, one of which was not identified. Scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and magnetic measurements were used to characterize the coatings.


Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in India by contributing about 10% of total pulse production (Anonymous 2018). It can be cultivated in all seasons, but most of the area is under irrigated conditions. India produces about 1.5 to 1.9 million tonnes of blackgram annually from about 3.5 million hectares of area with average productivity of 555 kg/ha (Anonymous 2018). In Tamil Nadu, blackgram is one of the valuable crops among the pulses grown under both irrigated and rainfed situations. Recently, the area under winter blackgram is also increasing in Tamil Nadu due to higher demand in the market. It occupies an area of 0.354 million hectares with a production of 0.259 million tonnes and productivity of 731 kg/ha (Anonymous 2018). Severe competition by weeds especially under high rainfall, high temperature, and high humidity is the major reason for the low productivity. The weeds reduce blackgram yield as high as 66% (Singh et al. 2017). Most of the farmers are adopting hand weeding twice which consumes huge labours, time, and is also less economic under high rainfall conditions. Blackgram is very sensitive to weed infestation especially during the first four weeks of its growth period (Randhawa et al. 2002). Pre-emergence herbicides control weeds only upto a short period and thereafter late-emerging weeds start competing with crops. Therefore, the best alternative to mitigate crop-weed competition right from the early stages of the crop is either the use of preemergence and early post-emergence herbicides alone or in sequence. Keeping the above aspects and constraints in view, this experiment was undertaken to study the efficacy of sequential application of preand early post-emergence herbicides in blackgram under irrigated conditions.


With the deepening of our higher education revolution, debt financing becomes an inevitable choose to resolute the lack of capital in universities and colleges. The debt financing increases the education input and brings the development opportunity to the universities and colleges, but at the same time, it makes many difficulties to the normal operation, so there is some venture of the debt financing. Aimed to these venture, we should utilize the human - oriented index to control the debt scale and guarantee the teaching quality based on the higher education's sustainable development.


The physical mechanisms governing sound attenuation by foliage, stems, and ground are reviewed. Reflection of sound energy is found to be the primary mechanism. In addition, new experimental results are discussed that help to quantify the psychological effect of a plant barrier on perceived noise level. Listeners judged the loudness of noise transmitted through hemlock trees and through a minimal fence barrier to differ by as much as 7 dB even though the sound level at the listener was the same.


A variety of sources, including writing samples and videotapes of' writing,sessions, were examined to determine what speech events underliethe written compositions of students from fourth through twelfth grades. Findings revealed a correlation between different levels of'writing competency and four types of speech events: encoding, conversation, presentation, and ritual. Typically, students based their early written work on the simplest ,form of communication behavior--encoding, which concentrates on processing letters, words, and phrases. Once they had mastered encoding, students began to model their writing on the more complex Speech events of conversations and presentations, both establishings close relationship between the speaker-writer and the_reader through conversationally structured writing and creating a greater distance between the two through presentations. The most advanced students used ritual, invoking authority through modeling devices such as footnotes and references. Awareness of the underlying rhetorical situations-in-student-compositions can-help teachers_develop writing programs sensitive to students' developing abilities': (MM) z. ' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * , ***************************************************************ft******* U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CEN'i*ERIEFIICI This document has been reproduced as 'received from the person or organization originating it. >e,p.linor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy. Miles Myers Bay Area Writing Project University of California Berkeley, California 94611 The Speech Events Structuring Written Composition "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Miles Myers TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


A high-speed transmission table is widely used in industry with an increased demand. The preloaded ball-screw device is a major component in a transmission system. To bear the applied load, the preload and inertial forces, a four-cycle ball-screw is necessary. The kinematic behaviour and friction of the ball and raceway are more complex than the double-cycle ball-screw. A new calculation concept is used to simplify the complex calculation. Contact and friction were found at each cycle, and they varied with operating conditions such as the applied axial load and the rotational speed. The study is helpful in realizing the contact and friction behaviour in a preloaded, four-cycle ball-screw. The calculated results are well confirmed with the surface strain, and the temperature of the experiments was obtained from the vertical motion of a highspeed ball-screw system. The thermal expansion behaviour of a nut is found to be similar to its linear thermal expansion function.


West Virginia 4-H Camp Songs and Music Traditions Jason A. Burnside The purpose of this study was to determine the role of music in 4-H traditions from the beginning of the organization to the present. In addition to the overall 4-H traditions, the research focused on traditions in the 4-H camping program. The research examined songs, song quality, and the role they played in the 4-H tradition and/or the 4-H camp experience. Differences and similarities of 4-H music from the beginning of the 4H program in West Virginia to the present day were explored. The study also examined the origins of the songs used in the West Virginia 4-H program discerning whether or not it was specifically a 4-H original song or a song originally written for different purposes. The study described songs currently being used and those that are no longer used.


This dictionary compares 1321 Anglo-American proverbs to 1650 Albanian correspondents, of which 362 are full equivalents and 1288 are partial ones. Although the number of the Albanian proverbs that have full equivalents in English is lower than the number of the Albanian proverbs that have partial equivalents, partial equivalence is to be considered in close connection with the degree of partiality. The imbalance between the figures 1321 and 1650, which represent the number of the Anglo-American proverbs and their Albanian correspondent, is explained by the fact that the same proverb in Albanian has different regional variants that have been promoted by our country's conspicuous regional distinctions.


Introduction Although paediatric patients have an increased risk for adverse drug events, few detection methodologies target this population. To utilise computerised adverse event surveillance, specialised trigger rules are required to accommodate the unique needs of children. The aim was to develop new, tailored rules sustainable for review and robust enough to support aggregate event rate monitoring. Methods The authors utilised a voluntary staff incidentreporting system, lab values and physician insight to design trigger rules. During Phase 1, problem areas were identified by reviewing 5 years of paediatric voluntary incident reports. Based on these findings, historical lab electrolyte values were analysed to devise critical value thresholds. This evidence informed Phase 2 rule development. For 3 months, surveillance alerts were evaluated for occurrence of adverse drug events. Results In Phase 1, replacement preparations and total parenteral nutrition comprised the majority (36.6%) of adverse drug events in 353 paediatric patients. During Phase 2, nine new trigger rules produced 225 alerts in 103 paediatric inpatients. Of these, 14 adverse drug events were found by the paediatric hypoglycaemia rule, but all other electrolyte trigger rules were ineffective. Compared with the adult-focused hypoglycaemia rule, the new, tailored version increased the paediatric event detection rate from 0.43 to 1.51 events per 1000 patient


This paper proposes the practical realization of a PV emulator based on a buck DC/DC converter. In the beginning we established a theoretical study and a mathematical modeling of the PV model and a simulation of PV emulator based a buck converter under MATLAB-Simulink. A comparative study between results of a real PV panel and the simulated PV emulator are presented. In the next part, we realized the PV emulator controlled by the dSPACE1104 controller board based on a closed-loop reference using a Pulse width PWM modulator. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that I-V characteristics of the PV emulator and the real PV module are very tightening independently on external weather conditions.


The growing spread of the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocols to support communications in many contexts, such as industrial environments, home and building automation and wireless sensor networks, has led to the deployment of large complex monitoring networks, in which multiple PANs operate in parallel on different channels. In these contexts, network coexistence may be an issue, due to cross-channel interference. This paper addresses cross-channel interference in IEEE 802.15.4 networks. First, reasoning about the coding used by IEEE 802.15.4, we approximately assess the level of interference generated by ongoing transmissions on adjacent channels and thus the level of noise due to cross-channel interference. Secondly, we present and discuss experimental results obtained through an extensive series of measurements, which were run in order to assess the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 networks under different critical operating conditions.


The present invention relates to a thumb assistance device for acupressure that is worn on a thumb when giving a massage or performing acupressure with the thumb to allow a user to give a massage or acupressure over a long period of time while preventing pain due to tension of the joints and muscle and damage to the joints, by preventing hyper-extensibility and hyper-abduction of a thumb due to pressing.


SUMMARY Results from field experiments showed that number of mature grains per plant was related to the plant growth rate during the pre-flowering period. This relation was further improved when growth rate was expressed relative to the rate of plant development. This evidence supports the theory that grain abortion is linked with assimilate production.


Ziziphus mauritiana Lam or bidara contains phenolics and flavonoids which have antioxidant properties. This study aims to formulate bidara leaf ethanol extract in gel dosage form and test for its antioxidant activity. The gel base is made with variations in the concentration of HPMC 3%, 5%, and 7%. Then the gel stability was evaluated for 3 weeks. Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method. Ethanol extract of bidara leaves can be formulated into antioxidant gel preparations with a variation of 3% and 5% HPMC bases, where the gel has good physical properties and stability, as evidenced by the absence of organoleptic changes, pH, viscosity, and dispersal during evaluation. Antioxidant activity of bidara leaf ethanol extract gel has different antioxidant activity based on variations in HPMC concentration. Formula 1 has moderate antioxidant activity with percent inhibition of 52.55%.


Beginning with the French eighteenth century and concluding in the present, this book explores complex interrelations between ritual and mockery, which is not infrequently the unofficial face of claims to rationality. The book is particularly concerned with how the mocking and parodying of ritual often associated with modern rationalism may itself become ritualized, and other ways in which supposedly sham ritual may survive its "outing." Just as the very concept of ritual is seen by anthropologists and others as intimately related to modernity (at once the site of its invention and the reflection of an antiritualism associated with secular societies), so this book traces the evolution of what the authors call mock ritual, in various forms, throughout the modern era, relying on literary, historical, and anthropological texts as well as encyclopedias, newspapers, and films. It places famous eighteenth- and nineteenth-century authors in dialogue with contemporary popular culture, from Diderot, Sterne, and Flaubert to the TV shows Survivor and Judge Judy, and from Voltaire to the Charlie Hebdo tragedy of 2015. The authors' use of literary texts in addressing anthropological questions has precedents in the work of Georges Bataille, among others, who viewed literature as "the principal heir" and a continuation of "the game of religions." Ritualistic and mock ritualistic aspects of comedy and ridicule are considered along with those, notably, of sexuality, medicine, art, education, and justice. In addition to a chapter on dueling, the book contains a postscript that considers various aspects of these subjects in the contemporary world.


【Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean version of the Social Functioning Scale (KSFS) in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods : KSFS was administered to 90 schizophrenic patients and 80 their parents and 90 normal controls for examining the reliability and validity. Results : Data analysis showed statistically significant reliabilities and validities of KSFS. The test-retest reliability, rater vs. self-report reliability, and internal consistency for total scores of KSFS were 0.93, 0.44 and 0.94 respectively. Evidence for discriminant validity of KSFS comes from the results that the mean scores of schizophrenic patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls. Construct validity was assessed by calculating the 7 inter-areas correlations of the KSFS, and all areas were statistically significant. Significant correlations between the total scores of KSFS and those of SOFAS lend support for the concurrent validity of this instrument. Factor analyses were performed and two factors were extracted accounting for 63.7% of the variance. Sensitivity was assessed indirectly via the distribution and range of scores on the SFS. The normal control group showed a distribution around a higher mean with a moderate positive skew. Conclusion : KSFS was found to be a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument which can be used to evaluate the degree of social functioning in the patients with schizophrenia.】


Grain refinement is important for improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Carbon inoculation is an effective method of grain refinement process for magnesium alloys containing aluminum. In this paper, the C2Cl6 and graphite powder were used as the potential grain refiners for AM60 and AZ91 alloys, respectively. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of these Mg-Al magnesium alloys have been improved with these grain refiners. The mechanism and thermodynamics analyses of grain refinement with carbon inoculation in Mg-Al magnesium alloy have been discussed.


The article is about the hypergenre "popular science series" functioning in the polydiscursive space of the media discourse. It is about the features of the functioning of the nuclear genres "interview" and "reportage" in the series. The material of the study is based on the texts of the BBC TV series in the volume of 73 pages of printed text or 734 minutes. The communicative purpose of the hypergenre "popular science series" is the formation of a popular scientific picture of the world for mass audience. Each of the genres tends to take its position in the space of the hypergenre, realizing both its aim and the aim of the popular science series. Thus, the interview realizes the aim of obtaining information and the aim of the hypergenre, of providing information from an authoritative source. The aim of the reportage and the hypergenre intersect: they provide reliable information "here and now" (reportage) and influence the recipient by attracting their attention and motivating them to mental activity (reportage, popular science series). The story is an essential genre in the series: it forms the historical past which allows the sender to attract the subject and give an idea of the situation in the present premises. On the basis of the material in the article, a hypothesis is put forward: information on the series is specifically allocated to different genres, on the one hand, to keep the attention and to entertain, on the other, to reveal the deeper knowledge of different aspects. Thus, information for the recipient is distributed by genres: the interview is new information for science, a recent discovery; the reportage is something that has long been discovered, and needs updating for a mass audience in the format "from the field". Besides the description of the aim of the hypergenre, the article focuses on the description of the sender-recipient position. The sender of a series is a group of media product creators. Explicitly, it is presented as a TV presenter in the role of a scientist, a television journalist. The sender broadcasts popular science knowledge by playing the role of a "professional" in relation to a mass audience. The recipient of the genre is the mass audience, the viewer that can be "professional" or "unprofessional", have different social status, gender and age characteristics. The recipient may be a permanent spectator who watches the series episode by episode and random who joined the discussion of topics recently. That is why it is important for the sender to build a relationship with the recepient throughout the series, and in separate episodes. Thus, the article examines the implementation of the aims of complex speech genres, their functioning and interaction as parts of a hypergenre.


Most of the soil available for infrastructure development is not suitable for construction. It is a real challenge to overcome the difficulties faced with the problematic soil. We need to get better of difficulties experienced with those soils. In India around The annual output of RHA is 31 million tons..It contains around 85%-90% silica which pollutes the environment and also causes health hazards.As it is producing in large amount every year, there is a need to reduce the environmental pollution with produced Rice Husk Ash(RHA). Generally properties of the RHA are similar to the properties of natural soil, we are making an attempt to mixing soil and Rice Husk Ash to it. As the RHA is a non cementitious material, in experiment has added cement to the soil. In this work, while the cement is kept at a constant amount of soil in percentage, the Rice Husk Ash is taken in various percentages like Five , Ten and fifteen percentages by the amount of the soil. The soil index traced out with soil samples were tested. The objective shows this work is the safe disposal of solid waste (RHA) on one side and increasing the stability of soil which is not suitable for construction to make it suitable.


The paper introduces the operating mechanism and control features of Struts frame, and with the example of the information system for Wuxi Institute of Technology, presents the way to develop the web applications based on MVC.


Lewis Carroll's Alice Series comprise dual readership between adult and child. Among them, Through the Looking-Glass is a salient text for his particular language in use related to nonsense, coinage, wordplay, etc. Thus, this study aims to reveal the aspects of different cases of translated and parodied words in poems. Translating children's literature requires more speakability and readability than adult literature for better understanding of texts. Translators adopt translation strategies including ellipsis, replacement and explanation, to narrow the gap between ST and TT with a view of equivalence. For this analysis, five Korean translations are selected to show various aspects of translations of poems in Looking-Glass and what translators put emphasis on in electing proper words. In particular, its main focus is on poems: there can be found many long poems, which are meaningful to show the path to understand this text. First of all, "Jabberworky" reveals various kinds of new nouns, which cannot be easily deciphered even in ST. For example, two-word combination words like "galumphing" and "chortle" are not easy to translate into TL. Especially when applying relevance theory to these words, Korean translators produce appropriate words for domestic readers. Also, coinages in "Jabberworky" reveal diverse translated aspects in each translation. This study shows how difficult it can be to translate figurative language and parodied words. From this perspective, TT1 seems to be a proper translation for children; TT2 for adults. In conclusion, translators' roles are very important in mediating readership and relevance theory in translation processes.


Children find a rectal examination unpleasant and over a third experienced severe discomfort in this study. This is acceptable only if essential information affecting management is obtained. In this series, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in over 90% of cases was made from the clinical history and abdominal examination. In two cases the rectal tenderness indicated the correct diagnosis. Rectal tenderness was present in 12%. of children who did not have acute appendicitis. It seems reasonable, therefore, to omit routine rectal examination in children in whom the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is obvious from the history and abdominal signs. It remains essential, however, in those with acute abdominal symptoms but with inconclusive or no abdominal signs. Pelvic appendicitis and abscess may yield very few abdominal signs. Our results show that the examination on discharge home seems to be a fruitless exercise; in no patient was any information gained that affected the decision already made that the child was fit to leave hospital. We conclude from this study that: (1) Rectal examination is unpleasant for children; (2) The diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children may be made in over 90% of cases without rectal examination; (3) When the diagnosis is uncertain a rectal examination is sometimes useful to diagnose pelvic appendicitis or other pelvic pathology; (4) Rectal examination is a very poor early indicator of pelvic sepsis after appendicectomy.


A new strategy for capacitor allocation in radial distribution systems is presented in this paper. This strategy adds a new constraint to the well-known constraint (allowed voltage violation). The new constraint is the sectional ohmic loss in each branch of the feeder. Sizes and locations of the capacitors are selected in order to achieve the maximum reduction in the total losses in the system. Sometimes this reduction is not achieved in all the branches but the loss in any individual branch of the system is not allowed to increase than it was before the capacitor placement. The proposed strategy is applied to two different distribution systems with 9 and 34-buses respectively. The results of the proposed strategy are compared with previous works. The comparison showed the validity and the superiority of this strategy.


Communications technology has exploded in past decades, leading to the question of which display method is the best to deliver electronic text messages. Many of these systems employ cathode ray tubes, liquid crystal displays, gas plasma displays, or light‐emitting diodes as the output device. In order to overcome the limitations of screen size of the display units, numerous means of presenting dynamic display on screens have been invented. There are many factors that affect the readability of electronic text. This paper reviews some related empirical studies concerning the various display methods of dynamic text presentation, such as text display type, character type, text display direction, and text/background color combination, highlighting method and validity of highlighting. The subjective evaluation questionnaire is also discussed. According to the readability and preference ratings of the subjects given under different conditions, the best display method and color for comprehending the delivered mes...


353 Comparative Analysis of Adders Parallel-Prefix Adder for Their Area, Delay and Power Consumption Dr. V. Sidharthan*1, M. Prasannakumar2 *1Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Nava India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Nava India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT


Somatostatin is a peptide widely distributed in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. It is found as two bioactive peptides of 14 and 28 amino acids, the latter being an N-terminalextended form (Reichlin 1983a). The name somatostatin comes from its initial discovery as an inhibitor of growth hormone (GH) release from anterior pituitary cells (Brazeau et al. 1973). Since then, numerous other physiological activities of somatostatin have been discovered associated with differing peptide and receptor localization (Reichlin 1983a,b). Besides GH, somatostatin is also able to inhibit secretion of prolactin (PRL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Reichlin 1983a). In the CNS, the highest somatostatin concentrations have been detected in the hypothalamus in the tuberoinfundibular neurons where, acting as a neurohormone, the peptide regulates the hypothalamic–hypophyseal axis (Schettini 1991). Somatostatin-containing neurons are also present in many other areas of the brain, such as the cerebral cortex, the limbic system (including the hippocampus and the amygdala) and the nigro-striatal pathway (Schettini 1991). In these areas somatostatin acts as a true neurotransmitter or as a neuromodulator of release of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (Gray et al. 1990) and dopamine (Thal et al. 1986). In the past few years clinical and post-mortem observations on Alzheimer's patients, as well as experimental studies in animal models, have suggested that this peptide may be an important regulator of cognitive functions (Schettini 1991). In support of this are the observations that the concentration of somatostatin in the brain (Davies et al. 1980) and cerebrospinal fluid (Atack et al. 1988) is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's dementia, neuritic plaques contain somatostatin (Morrison et al. 1985), neurofibrillary tangles have been identified in somatostatinergic neurons (Roberts et al. 1985) and a strict correlation has been demonstrated between somatostatin levels and cognitive performance in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (Tamminga et al. 1987). In animal models, depletion of rat brain somatostatin by cysteamine administration (a thiol-containing agent the action of which mimics the natural decline in somatostatin content in aged animals (Florio et al. 1991)) caused memory loss as assessed by many different behavioural paradigms, including active and passive avoidance tests (Vecsei et al. 1984, Harotunian et al. 1987, Schettini et al. 1988a, Florio et al. 1988), the Morris swim test (Fitzgerald & Dokla 1989) and the eight-arm radial maze (Sessions et al. 1989). In the peripheral nervous system, somatostatin is produced by ä-cells of the pancreas where it plays an important role in the control of both insulin and glucagon secretion (Koerker et al. 1974). Somatostatin is also produced in the gastroenteric tract, mainly in the antral portion of the stomach where it controls the release of enteric hormones (vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin and secretin) as well as gastric acid secretion (Reichlin 1983b). Finally, somatostatin has been recently demonstrated to play an important role as an endogenous inhibitor of cell proliferation in various normal and neoplastic tissues, and somatostatin analogues are now being used for the treatment of different human tumours (Schally 1988, Reubi & Laissue 1995). The wide range of tissues releasing or responding to somatostatin and the variety of physiological 89


A dosage comprising an antibiotic, an estrogen, and a progestagen is provided. The dosage can be oral, or administered in other methods, such as intravaginally with a tampon. The dosage can be used for menstrual suppression, contraception, and/or hormone replacement therapy. A method of treating a patient with the dosage comprises administering the dosage to the patient over a course of treatment, in amounts or frequencies that can remain constant, or be varied.


Polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells consisting of the photoactive layer containing the interpenetrating network of electron donating polymer and electron accepting PC71BM has been proved to be quite effective in converting the solar energy into electrical energy. After many efforts, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) was improved up to 9.2%. Unfortunately, the PCEs of the PSCs were found to be highly affected by the synthetic characteristics of the donor polymers. At present, the poor reproducibility of the synthetic polymer characteristics such as purity, molecular weight, regioregularity and polydispersity of each batch of the polymerization limits the commercial application of PSCs. On the other hand, small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) fabricated from the photoactive layer containing organic small molecule as an electron donor and PC71BM as an electron acceptor also showed promising performances in terms of PCE. The PCE of the solution-processed SMOSCs was reached up to 7%. and that for the vacuum-processed tandem SMOSCs was improved up to 10.7%. The overall PCE of SMOSCs is quite close to the maximum PCE obtained from the PSCs. This inspires us to develop new low band gap small molecules for SMOSCs application. It is well known that the PCE of solar cell devices is strongly dependent on the light harvesting ability of the photoactive layer. To improve the light harvesting ability of the active layer, it is essential to utilize the donor molecules which can absorb the sun light from 300 nm to 1000 nm, along with that the absorption band of donor molecules should be located at the maximum solar flux region (500 nm to 800 nm) of the solar spectra. In our attempt to prepare narrow energy gap small molecules, we were interested in utilizing thiadiazoloquinoxaline units, because certain polymers containing thiadiazoloquinoxaline units have been known to show their absorption band from 300 nm to 1200 nm. In this study, we prepared two new thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based low band gap small molecules, TDQ-SM1 and TDQ-SM2, shown in Scheme 1 and studied their optical, electrical and photovoltaic properties. In this study, to recognize the influence of the substituent bonded to the quinoxaline ring of the thiadiazoloquinoxaline unit, isobutyl and thiophene substituted thiadiazoloquinoxaline compounds 1 and 2 were coupled with commercially available trans-2-(4-pentylphenyl)vinylboronic acid pinacol


Review of Paper: Revealing the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya based on serological and PCR-test data (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.20186817v1.full.pdf ). On September 3, 2020 a paper was posted to Medrxiv, detailing the effort to control the CoVID 19 pandemic in Kenya, some aspects of that position cannot go unchallenged given the gravity of the decisions that would arise from what would effectively be a Government position backed by Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in UK, The Zeeman's Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research – Warwick University UK, School of Life Sciences – Warwick University UK, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health – Nuffield Department of Medicine – Oxford University UK, Kenya Medical Research Institute – Wellcome Trust Kenya. Suffice it to say that some of the methods used to keep the CoVID 19 infection figures "low" in Kenya are Machiavellian


Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a newborn baby with a birth weight of less
than 2500 grams regardless of gestational age. The problem that often arises of a baby
with LBW is hypothermia. Kangaroo method or Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a kind
of treatment that can be applied for a low newborn baby weight.
Objective: To describe a nursing care by applying kangaroo method as an effort to
overcome hypothermia of a newborn baby with LBW.
Method: This study is an analytical descriptive with a case study approach. The subject is
a newborn baby with LBW having hypothermic problem in Dr. Soedirman hospital. The
data was obtained from interview, observation, physical examination, documentation
study, and home visit. The analysis and presentation of the data were done by using
narrative technique.
Result: After applying kangaroo method (KMC), the body temperature of the baby had
increased, i.e. from 36,40C to be 36,90C.
Conclusion: The application of Kangaroo method (KMC) can increase body temperature
under normal circumstances.


It has long been considered that aloe has many benefi cial eff ects for humans and animals, exhibiting antibiotic, antihistaminic, anesthetic, antiinfl ammatory, and immunostimulant properties. Th e aim of the present study was to evaluate the infl uence of supplemental aloe preparation on some immunological and hematological indices of turkey hen blood. Th e study involved 160 medium-heavy BUT-9-type 6-week-old female turkey hens, administered Aloe- plus plant preparation at the following varying concentrations: Group 1, control without aloe addition; Group 2, daily doses of 0.35 mL/kg body weight; Group 3, daily doses of 0.70 mL/kg body weight; and Group 4, daily doses of 1.40 mL/kg body weight. Th e preparation was supplied as a drinking water additive. Th e study results indicate that the aloe supplement did not contribute to a signifi cant improvement of the rearing performance of the birds. However, the feed conversion rate proved to be lower in all of the experimental groups compared to the control. Aloe supplement at a daily level of 0.70 mL/kg body weight signifi cantly increased the blood parameters of nonspecifi c immunity (percentage of phagocyting cells, phagocytic index, percentage of nitro blue tetrazolium-reducing cells, and lysozyme activity). In conclusion, it seems meaningful to include Aloe-plus preparation at a daily dose of 0.70 mL/kg into turkey hen diets.


We developed 2 scaled linked mesocosms that realistically mimicked both water-col- umn mixing and benthic boundary-layer flow, enabling more realistic benthic-pelagic coupling experiments. The first was a 'large' 1000 l system linking a mesocosm with an annular flume; the sec- ond a 'small' 100 l system linking a mesocosm with a Gust microcosm. We compared bottom shear velocity, flow speeds, and internal mixing energies between linked and isolated mesocosms that were the same in volume and shape, and compared them to nature. In addition, we performed scaled 4 wk long comparative ecosystem experiments with oysters in the large and small mesocosms to determine if a realistically mimicked benthic boundary-layer flow and system shape could signifi- cantly affect ecosystem processes. We scaled all 4 systems to have the same realistic water-column turbulence levels and increased bottom shear velocity to moderate levels in the linked mesocosms. Bottom shear remained unrealistically low compared to nature in the isolated tanks. In addition, the water column and the sediment-water interface were more realistically connected in the linked than in the isolated mesocosms. The linked mesocosms had a similar scaling relationship of turbulence intensity and bottom shear velocity of 1.6, as found in nature. System shape and bottom shear signif- icantly affected ecosystem properties through changes in light, microphytobenthos biomass growth and erosion, sediment inorganic nutrient fluxes, oyster growth, and water column nutrient dynamics. In this study we show that a commonly used system shape in ecosystem studies and unrealistically low bottom shear in mesocosms both produce significant artifacts in benthic-pelagic coupling stud- ies. We also demonstrate improved systems without these artifacts. System shape, bottom shear, water-column turbulence levels, and their ratios should all be considered in designing mesocosms to mimic natural processes.


We have recently shown that increased carbohydrate flux decreases fat oxidation during exercise by inhibition of fatty acid entry into the mitochondria. Because endurance training reduces the rate of carbohydrate flux during exercise, we hypothesized that training increases fat oxidation by relieving this inhibition. To test this hypothesis, five sedentary and five endurance-trained men exercised on a cycle ergometer at an oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) of ∼2.0 l/min, representing 80 and 40% peakV˙o 2, respectively. [1-13C]oleate and [1-14C]octanoate, long- and medium-chain fatty acids, respectively, were infused for the duration of the studies. Carbohydrate oxidation was significantly higher in the sedentary group (196 ± 9 vs. 102 ± 17 μmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1, P < 0.05). Oleate oxidation was higher in the trained group (3.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 μmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1, P < 0.05), whereas octanoate oxidation was not different between the two groups. The percentage of oleate that was taken up by tissues and oxidized was higher in the trained group (76 ± 7 vs. 58 ± 3%, P < 0.05). However, the percentage of octanoate taken up and oxidized was not different (82 ± 3 vs. 85 ± 4%, not significant). Because octanoate, unlike oleate, can freely diffuse across the mitochondrial membrane, the present results suggest that the difference in fatty acid oxidation between trained and untrained individuals may be due to enhanced fatty acid entry into the mitochondria.