This paper explores the Language/Action approach by reflecting on an explorative case study from a small Swedish company in the IT-sector. The company is using Lotus Notesm in combination with Action WorkflowTM to increase the efficiency of the sales processes. This includes communication with customers as well as intraorganizational communication between people involved in the sales process. We address some of the issues raised in the debate about the Language/Action perspective. Does application of the Language/Action perspective automatically lead to control and routinization of work tasks, or could we find other implications? We propose a framework, identifying important characteristics of technology and work, which can be used in discussing effects of introducing new technology to improve efficiency in processes.


The genetic variability and age structure analysis of the sable population in the Jewish Autonomous region (JAR) was carried out on the basis of six hunting seasons 2011–2022. The authors studied the distribution of genotypes, allelic composition and its change over time for microsatellites Ma3 and Mer_041. In most of the seasonal collections, there was a lack of heterozygotes. However, the genotypic balance for both loci was disturbed only in one season of six. The age structure analysis was carried out on the materials (hunting collections of sables) of five hunting seasons in the JAR. It showed that the most represented are the age groups actively involved in reproduction, while the number of underyearlings is somewhat lower. We can assume a more or less stable state of the sable population in JAR , which is confirmed by the data of genetic analysis.


Charleston, S.C. - The diamond laser scalpel offers a degree of surgical precision not possible with a laser beam or steel scalpel, according to Harley Freiberger, M.D., director of the Charleston Laser & Cosmetic Surgery Center.


Latest research shows that the lower resting values of right ventricular (RV) myocardial % strain may represent a physiologic change rather than subclinical myocardial damage. Therefore, we assessed load‐independent changes to the RV as a consequence of high intensity training by measuring the Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) of the free wall of the RV in conjunction with NT pro‐BNP measured by an electrochemiluminescence assay.


This guide contains regulatory documents developed by the specialists of the National Scientific Medical Library of Ukraine and the Scientific Library of Kharkiv National Medical University to help libraries better organize their work with electronic resources in particular licensening electronic resources. International and national standards and publications on the experience of leading foreign and domestic libraries were taken into account.


The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of oral health in the quality of life using the short CPQ. MATERIALSAND METHODS: The study was done in children of 6 to 10 years of the Escuela General Basica "San Francisco de Peleuside Azogues", was used the Perceptions Questionnaire Oral Health or short CPQ, the same that consists of 4 dimensions(Oral Symptoms, Limitation functional, Emotional Welfare and Social Welfare).Previously each question was explained atthe students and after the answer was marked according their involvement.RESULTS: The most frequent problems were:food trapped between the teeth (54.5%), bleeding in the gums (22.7%), in this way the Dimension that presented the highestprevalence was Oral Symptomatology, in (P = 0.03), followed by functional limitation (p = 0.021) and social welfare (p =0.013). CONCLUSION: The oral health problems affect negatively the quality of life of the students, Respect to the foodproblems trapped between the teeth and the most affected dimension was the Oral Symptomatology; It is female who has moreoral health problems.


In Italy, organizational studies have undoubtedly an excellent reputation and a strong consensus. They have given rise to many University Departments, Schools, Research Institutes and Foundations which have produced a set of knowledge and power exerting an almost undisputed cultural hegemony. This hegemony has been relaunched during the 90s, when Knowledge Management rhetoric and Knowledge-Based Perspective, in association with European Politics, have emphasized knowledge and its valorisation as a strategic resource for organizations. Basically, the "knowledge asset", combined with lifelong learning and the promise of organizational and individual development, has permitted the introduction of more and more insidious management strategies, without questioning neither the transformations involving power relations in the workplace nor their social consequences. The body of this set of knowledge boasts a certain internal cohesion, as anyone can notice looking through the pages, for example, of Sinergie. Italian Journal Management. Besides the age-old problem of the gap between academic discourse and its application in organizations, the main dichotomies of the "discipline" concern opposite tendencies between theoretical models and rigour versus strong empiricism; strictly scientific perspective and a pretended more humanistic, ethical one; openness to international dimensions and Anglo-Saxon empirical methods versus valorisation of traditions. At the same time, with regard to a more popular literature, the shelves of book shops are full of more or less serious handbooks and guides, promising success and professional fulfilment. The general public is thus overwhelmed by a number of managerial (self)training proposals and suggestions that the individual as responsible subject will practice in order to lead his life in a efficacious and healthy way. Until now, few voices have been able to achieve a remarkable spread by criticizing the effects of management strategies on individual conducts and the identities of the subjects concerned by power relations. Some years ago, a book written by the ex-manager Francesco Varanini gained a certain attention, but, in spite of the title (Contro il management – Against management, 2010), the book aimed only at denouncing the ambiguous link between a certain "bad" and "inhuman" management and financial speculation. There are, of course, some well-known intellectuals and scholars opposing the managerial order of the discourse, such as Luciano Gallino or Marco Revelli, but, in spite of the lively and "politically incorrect" production of some small publishers, few Italian researchers, often working abroad or fighting strong and deep-rooted resistances, are really interested in the specific field of Critical Management Studies. Two publications are worth to be pointed out: the recent issue of Sociologia del lavoro entitled "Creating value with diversity" (n° 134/2014, FrancoAngeli), in which Patrizia Zanoni assumes the CMS perspective in order to criticize the diversity management, and the book Diversità culturali e


Discrimination measures have been well developed for stationary time series. However in a large number of phenomena, long-term dependencies are involved. In this article, we are dealing with discrimination of fractional integrated models. Kullback–Leibler and Chernoff's discrimination measures are approximated, using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for discrimination of these time series classes. The simulation study indicates low misclassification rate, related to the approximations of Kullback–Leibler and Chernoff discrimination measures. Application to problem of classifying seismic data showed that our procedure performs as well as other procedures.


The focus of the former studies have been to securing appropriate pores applicable to the aquatic environment and extracting an optimum mixture which satisfies the required strength of concrete as a structure by substituting pumice stone for crushed stones used to manufacture porous concrete. However, the lack of research has been evident on the water purification performance of each optimum mixture derived from applying appropriate pores to the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study intends to compare and analyze the water purification performance of the respective optimum mixtures derived in the previous studies. According to the experimental results, it represents that the porosity or pumice stone content of porous concrete has no effect on the items of pH and DO. In the experimental results of SS, BOD, COD, T-N and T-P, their common removal efficiency was found to be higher at the design porosity of 10% than 5%. Based on the results of permeability test at the design porosity of 5%, their removal efficiency was shown to be low because continuous pores were not formed properly. By examining these issues , it is evident that if a mixture of 5-13mm crushed aggregate, 10% porosity and 10% pumice content is applied to the aquatic environment, the porous concrete can satisfy the conditions for securing appropriate pores, the required strength of concrete as a structure, and the water purification of the mixture at the same time.


Summary Three experiments, involving a total of 294 Israeli Holstein cows, were carried out to study aspects of the grouping of cows in relation to timing of changes and the type of complete diet given. In Expt 1, 40 cows were changed from a high energy diet to a medium energy diet either at 60 or at 180 days post calving. The results indicated a larger reduction in milk and FCM yield following the later than the earlier change of diet. Experiment 2 involved 64 cows subjected to two treatments, one involving a 'uniform' diet (25:75 forage to concentrate D.M. ratio) and the other a 'step' treatment where the same diet as in treatment 1 was given for approximately 74 days and then changed to a diet of 35:65 forage to concentrate ratio. The results showed that it is not necessary to adopt different feeding systems according to the potential yield of the cow and that cows could be given rather lower energy diets within the range offered without loss of efficiency. In Expt 3, involving 190 cows, the cows were divided into one of two feeding treatments, 'uniform' and 'step' similar to Expt 2 and the effect of potential yield and parity was considered. The results emphasized the importance of potential yield rather than feeding system in relation to yield. The results showed a shorter period from calving to conception for the 'uniform' treatment. A strategy for efficient cow feeding is outlined.


Abstract A new approach to the synthesis of spirophosphoranes 9, 11, 15a-c containing P-C, P-O, and P-N intramolecular bonds was developed. It is based on the reaction of trivalent phosphorus acid amides with bis(o-hydroxyaryl)diimines. The composition and structure of the products obtained were confirmed by NMR methods, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray analysis. Graphical Abstract


Even though the economic justification for antidumping may appear quite convincing, many economists are not satisfied with this reasoning. They frequently question and examine the implications of antidumping on the welfare of importing countries, global welfare and trade and find countervailing results.This chapter concentrates on the problems of antidumping applications in practice, with an analysis of the biased calculations of Turkish antidumping authorities, calculations biased in favor of domestic producers. Our study reveals that Turkish antidumping authorities use discretionary practices during the course of dumping investigation for protective purposes, and also shows that an alternative calculation for damping margins may give different results than those calculated by the Turkish authorities.


Maltz and Borker argue that because men and women grow up in different sociolinguistic cultures, they learn to interpret conversational features differently—including backchannels ("uh-huh,""yeah") and questions ("What's next?"). If true, this might help explain conversational miscommunication that occurs across gender boundaries. This study tests this theory by assessing the effects of observer sex, observer gender schematicity, speaker sex, and partner sex on interpretation. Two hundred and sixty-eight observers rated 96 naturally occurring conversational excerpts, 48 containing backchannels and 48 including questions, in terms of: (a) apparent meaning of the utterance (control, other-focus, and uncertainty) and (b) speaker traits (dominance and sensitivity). Four-way MANOVAs indicated: (a) male and female observers interpret backchannels and questions differently, and (b) several interaction effects. However, no interactions were found to demonstrate female bilingualism, proposed by male dominance theorists. The results are discussed in terms of their support for two-cultures theory and their lack of support for dominance theory.


Six lignins were used to obtain granular controlled release matrix formulations of the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The water insoluble lignins were sourced from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse and Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. woods. Each lignin was characterized by its functional groups and molecular weight distributions. The formulations were prepared by melting the 2,4-D and mixing in the lignins individually and then granulating (to 0.7−1.0 mm) the glassy matrix. Release rates determined in static water were correlated to a diffusion-controlled mechanism according to the square root of time. Principal component regression of the slopes of these lines showed that these depend inversely on the molecular weight and the total and aliphatic hydroxyls of the lignins. For the other functional groups (aromatic hydroxyls, methoxyls, and carbonyls), the higher their contents, the higher the diffusion and release rates. Keywords: Controlled-release; 2,4-D; lignin; chemical structu...


Objective
To investigate the clinical effectivity of the muscular flap transposition and induced membrane technique in the emergency treatment for the limb salvage of Gustilo type III B/C open fracture of lower leg.

Methods
From July, 2015 to December, 2017, 10 cases of Gustilo type III B/C fracture of lower leg with bone defects were performed limb salvage surgery. Induced membrane technique was used to fill the bone defects in the emergency room. The gastrocnemius and/or soleus muscular flaps were transposed to cover the bone cement or exposed bone simultaneously in emergence treatment. After the wound healed completely, traditional bone grafting was used to repair the bone defects. There were 4 cases of Gustilo type III B and 6 cases of Gustilo type III C. The average length of bone defect was (5.25±1.70) cm ranging from 3.0 cm to 11.0 cm. The gastrocnemius medial head flaps were performed in 5 cases, the combined application with the gastrocnemius medial head flaps and the medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus were performed in 2 cases, and medial hemimuscular flaps of soleus were transposed in 3 cases.

Results
The wounds in 6 cases were healed at one stage, but 2 cases healed by dressing because the exudate after skin grafting. In 1 case, the cross-leg flap was used to cover the exposed bone cement due to the necrosis of soleus flap. The other 1 was performed the transposition of the lateral gastrocnemius flaps because the exposure of bone cement after the necrosis of the upper and lateral muscles in lower leg. In the second-stage, the bone defects were reconstructed by traditional bone grafting. The average healed time of bone was 7.2 months ranging from 5 months to 9 months. At the last followed-up time, all patients recovered their function of weight-bearing. The Paley's score of the adjacent joints: excellent in 8 cases and good in 2 cases.

Conclusion
The combination with induced membrane technique and local muscular flap transposition in emergency surgery is an effective method to limb salvage for the Gustilo type III B/C open fracture of lower leg.

Key words:
Gustilo type III, Gustilo type; Open fracture of lower leg; Induced membrane technique; Muscular flap; Emergency treatment


The Tatura Trellis consists of V-shaped trees planted closely together in single rows. Each tree has 2 limbs trained at 60° from the horizontal across the inter-row alley-way. No dwarfing rootstock is used and trees fill their allotted space rapidly and come into bearing early. The system, which employs a high tree density but does not require dwarfing rootstocks, has most of the advantages ascribed to other intensive orchards. Furthermore, it facilitates rapid and easy hand-harvesting and meets the requirements for simple mechanization (2, 8). We previously have reported experimental results (2) and commercial experience (6) with clingstone peach trees on Tatura Trellis. We report the results of a preliminary study of the planting and management approach for 'Bartlett' ('Williams' Bon Chretien') pear trees in this paper.


The Gulf of Mannar (GoM) is rich in biodiversity and bio-resources. Annually about one lakh tons of
fishes comprising fin fishes, prawns, crabs and lobsters are being harvested from the Gulf of Mannar.
Approximately 1.5 lakh fisher folk living in about 90 fishing hamlets on the shore of the GOM depend on this
fishery and seaweed resources for their livelihood. However, owing to over fishing and increased fishing
population and damage to the coral reefs, sea grass beds and other ecosystems by trawlers, the fish catch is
declining, leading to poverty among the fisher folk. Additional income for the fisher folk could be achieved by
adopting some of the marlculture technologies perfected by R&D organizations as co-activity. Marine pearl
culture is suggested for this purpose.


This chapter explores current thinking about community health workers (CHWs), their roles, functions, and how they are selected. It gives details on CHW training, including course duration, training locations, curriculum, trainers, supervision, and personal development aspects. It describes the CHW's health kit, its use, and record keeping. It describes the importance and variety of support systems, including how to work most effectively with the community. The chapter explores how CHWs are increasingly seen by governments as part of the national health system, in addition to their ongoing role in civil society organizations. In this context it compares the advantages and disadvantages of payment. The chapter outlines the increase in the CHW's role, which, while still including maternal and child health, now includes new priorities, e.g. disability, mental health, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).


Objective To discover the mode of health education in patient who will undergo LASIK. Methods 1711 patients are given project, random, colony, oral, ask answer, example, individual health-education direction mode respectively and preoperative, operative and postoperative health-education direction mode. Results The patients and their family numbers know more about LASIK, strengthen the ability of self-nursing and prevent the complications, quicken the recovery after LASIK. Conclusions Implementing health education can decrease stress, strengthen the belief of operation, grasp the knowledge and skill of self-health care, improve the operation effect.


The γ-linolenic acid(GLA) is a kind of fatty acid indispensable to human body.The Motierella isabellina is recognized as a kind of high-potential strain for GLA fermentation.This paper describes the experimental study of GLA fermentation by using Motierella isabellina mutant H3,3410-5.The optimized results are as follows: cell yield,25.9 g/L;lipid content,44.0% and ratio of γ-linolenic acid,10.97%.These indices are higher than those before optimization in 6.6%,5.8%,and(16.3%,)respectively.


Since its election in 1997 the Labour government has emphasized the need for greater ethnic diversity in the public sector, a priority which has become even more pronounced since the publication of the Macpherson Report (1999). One of the key means of achieving this goal has been the use of positive action, within a policy of 'race' equality mainstreaming. This article, drawn from a national mail survey and a supporting interview survey, suggests that this approach may fail in the National Health Service at least, owing to the suspicion that positive action naturally leads to positive discrimination. Ironically, it may be easier to take a more radical route by introducing ethnic components to selection criteria and processes, than to adopt its current strategy. Ultimately, it is argued, diversity should not be used to overcome a recruitment crisis, nor should it be employed as a cynical means of pushing responsibility on to minority ethnic communities.


The basic new keynesian model. Monetary policy. Quantitative easing. Fiscal policy. Assessing different sub-optimal policies. Real life examples of the liquidity trap.


This data was collected to test whether, and how, coastal urbanisation shapes ecological functions in estuaries. It includes data on: (1) rates of carrion consumption, scavenger fish assemblages and environmental variables in southeast Queensland estuaries.; Format of the data: MS Excel file (44.1KB); Related publication: Olds, A. D., Frohloff, B. A., Gilby, B. L., Connolly, R. M., Yabsley, N. A., Maxwell, P. S., Henderson, C. J. and Schlacher, T. A. (2018), Urbanisation supplements ecosystem functioning in disturbed estuaries. Ecography. Doi:10.1111/ecog.03551 ; Please cite this record using the following DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4227/39/5af10f130304a ; Timeframe of data collection: June-August 2015;


Abstract Calcium phosphate glass-ceramics were prepared by reheating the glass rods between 675° and 750°C under a temperature gradient of ∼100°C/cm. Floating zone method and silicon carbide furnace was made use to crystallizing the glass. The crystalline phases occurred as long fibers aligned parallel to the growth direction of the specimen. The spacings between the fibrous phases were smaller than 1 μm and very uniform. Microstructure of the crystallized phases was examined by scanning electron microscope. Crystalline phases and crystallography were checked by X-ray diffraction.


PERIPHERAL neuropathy has been associated with plasma-cell dyscrasia, 1 but it is not known whether the monoclonal immunoglobulins react with peripheral-nerve antigens. We report on a patient with a peripheral neuropathy associated with an IgMk monoclonal protein, in whom pathological and immunological studies indicated that the IgMk antibody was directed against peripheral-nerve myelin, as shown by complement fixation and immunoabsorption. Case Report The patient was a 45-year-old man admitted for evaluation of a slowly progressive sensory-motor neuropathy of 11 years' duration. On examination there was moderate to severe weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hands and distal parts of . . .


Islamic banks in Indonesia must implement good corporate governance and adhere to the principles of corporate social responsibility to have good financial performance and gain customers' trust. This study aims to determine the impact of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) on financial performance based on the Islamic Performance Index of Indonesian Islamic Banks from 2015-2019. The study population included Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from 2015-2019. The sample size was determined by targeted sampling to obtain 9 Islamic banks. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach. The descriptive analysis aims to demonstrate that the ICG, ICSR and financial performance data are relevant and valid concerning the development of the Islamic banking industry from 2015-2019. Quantitative analysis to justify the proposed hypothesis uses the multiple linear regression method. The results show that (1) Islamic corporate governance (ICG) has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of Indonesian Islamic banks; (2) Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of Indonesian Islamic Banks. Implementing the principles of good corporate governance, including transparency and openness, following sharia principles helps to increase the financial performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Sharia theory of corporations suggests that social responsibility is a form of human accountability to God. The primary goal of disclosing information to corporate stakeholders can minimize information asymmetries about the extent to which an institution is fulfilling its obligations to all stakeholders.


What happens when a small boat on a finely balanced trough of water travels from one end of the trough to the other.


Background. Tinomiscium petiolare Hook.f. & Thomson is a medicinal species of the family Menispermaceae. This species is currently being intensively exploited for therapeutic purposes. Precise and rapid identification of T. petiolare is critical and essential for the classification, propagation, use and conservation of its genetic resources. In recent years, DNA barcoding has been known to be a fast and sensitive method for identifying species at any stage of development, using short DNA sequences. In this study we have performed the identification of T. petiolare specimens in Vietnam based on the sequence analysis of 4 DNA barcode loci: ITS, matK, rbcL and rpoC.Materials and methods. Total DNA was extracted from leaf samples using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. PCR amplification of the ITS, matK, rbcL and rpoC regions was carried out on the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 with specific primers. The purified PCR products were sequenced on the ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer system, using BigDye®Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit. These genetic sequences were analyzed and compared, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using BioEdit, BLAST, and MEGA 6 programs.Results and conclusion. The success rate of amplification and sequencing was 100% for all 4 DNA barcode loci (ITS, matK, rbcL and rpoC) in the studied specimens. The produced sequence sizes of ITS, matK, rbcL and rpoC in the specimens were 574 bp, 810 bp, 527 bp and 488 bp, respectively. Further, we identified that all studied specimens were genetically related to each other and associated with the same species T. petiolare. Overall, the results of the study generated the most complete DNA barcode database of T. petiolare collected in Vietnam, contributing to the taxonomy and identification of this species.


This issue of Hemodialysis International is a collection of proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Hemodialysis, which was held February 28–March 2, 2005 in Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. in conjunction with the 25th Annual Dialysis Conference. It contains 4 original articles and a review of the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in renal failure. Nakamoto et al. (p. S2) discuss the role of antibody responsible for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT antibody) in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The authors found higher levels of this antibody in patients with access thrombosis as well as in those with a history of cerebrovascular disease. It is therefore possible that HIT antibody may have a role in the various thrombotic events commonly seen in this patient population. On page S8, Ageborg et al. report on their experience of studying quality of life metrics in Swedish HD patients dialyzing in different settings. Not surprisingly, patients dialyzing in a home setting scored higher on the assessment scales. Elevated homocysteine levels in dialysis patients and the role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in dialysis patients is a subject of intense investigation. Peng et al. (p. S15), through an interesting set of experiments, report on the possible proinflammatory role of homocysteine on peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from normal volunteers. Hossain et al. (p. S21) report on their experience of renal bone disease in Bangla Deshi patients. Renal bone disease is present not only in dialysis patients but also in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on biochemical and radiological parameters, the authors found a similar prevalence of renal osteodystrophy in their predialysis and dialysis patient population. In the final article of this issue, Seibert et al. discuss the antiproliferative, pro-differentiative and immunomodulating activities of vitamin D. They argue that such actions of vitamin D may suggest a potential beneficial effect in chronic inflammation and the development of cardiovascular disease in renal patients. Obviously this interesting concept requires further research. I would like to place on record my gratitude to Barbara Prowant for her meticulous and painstaking help with this issue. I am also deeply appreciative of Claire Oser, in the editorial office, for keeping us on schedule besides helping us in so many other ways.


We discuss some aspects of the differential geometry of curves in Minkowski space. We establish the Serret-Frenet equations in Minkowski space and use them to give a very simple proof of the fundamental theorem of curves in Minkowski space. We also state and prove two other theorems which represent Minkowskian versions of a very known theorem of the differential geometry of curves in tridimensional Euclidean space. We discuss the general solution for torsionless paths in Minkowki space. We then apply the four-dimensional Serret-Frenet equations to describe the motion of a charged test particle in a constant and uniform electromagnetic field and show how the curvature and the torsions of the four-dimensional path of the particle contain information on the electromagnetic field acting on the particle.


In order to utilize the waste Mn dust and protect the environment, the Mn dust would be oxidized to MnO 2, which will be used as combustion supporting reagent for pulverized coal injected into blast furnace. The reaction mechanism and the controlled step were examined in the oxidation, and the expression of the reaction rate was determined. The reaction rate and ratio are low, and the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure have a little effect on the reaction rate and ratio. The reaction is controlled by oxygen absorption on the surface of Mn 2O 3 particles. Though the reaction thermodynamic condition is satisfied, it proceeds very hard because of the restriction of kinetics condition.


Patients and many other members of the public have much to gain from a global clinical trials registry initiative launched by WHO. On 19 May, WHO unveiled the rules under which pharmaceutical companies and others doing research must disclose 20 sets of data when they register clinical trials they are planning to do (see boxes on pp. 430-431). Paul Gelsinger, vice president of Citizens for Responsible Care and Research (CIR-CARE), a US patients' advocacy group, knows about the shortcomings of clinical trials. Seven years ago his son Jesse participated in a trial of a gene therapy treatment for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency--a condition which kills one in two newborns affected in the first month of life. Jesse, 18 years old at the time of the trial, wanted to give something back to the doctors who had helped him through his first difficult weeks of life. The doctors injected a normal OTC gene spliced with a virus into his liver. His liver hemorrhaged. On 17 September 1999 he died. "It never occurred to me that the doctors might withhold information," says Gelsinger, who later learned that two monkeys had died in tests involving a gene delivery system like the one used on Jesse, and that four humans had Suffered liver damage earlier in the same trial. Gelsinger is convinced that if the database set up by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had been working as it should, the University of Pennsylvania trial would have been shut down long before Jesse's fatal participation. It is partly to prevent such violations of patients' rights, that WHO launched a global network of clinical trials registers last month--the first step to establishing a web-based search platform available to the general public. A primary objective of the network, known as the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, is increased transparency by requiring any company or institution conducting clinical trials to register the details of how these are going to be done. Companies or other institutions doing clinical trials will be obliged to disclose 20 items that describe the trial's protocol in the form of a standardized summary. Not everyone is happy about this obligation. "There is a great deal of reluctance on the part of the pharmaceutical industry regarding full disclosure," says Albert van der Zeijden, chair of the International Alliance of Patients' Organizations in the Netherlands and a keen supporter of the WHO initiative. "But the industry is well aware of the negative image it has at present, and this gives us an opportunity to demand a high level of compliance," said van der Zeijden, referring to recent cases of companies withholding negative research findings that sparked public outrage. Nikos Dedes, of the European AIDS Treatment Group, is similarly optimistic: "This is a unique opportunity," he says, "and no other organization in the world matches WHO's reputation and credibility." Indeed, there are reasons for optimism. Since September 2005, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), a body comprising editors from some of the world's most influential journals, has refused to publish trials not entered on a trials register. Publication of the results of trials in these journals is an important step towards getting regulatory approval for new drugs and other products from the FDA. That said, few in the advocacy community, van der Zeijden included, believe that the drug companies will register all the trials they are planning--as they should under the WHO initiative--without the threat of some kind of sanctions. "It helps that medical journals withhold results of anyone not registered, but that has more of an effect on academic players than pharmaceutical companies," says Kathy Redmond, Editor of Cancer World based in Milan, Italy. This is a view echoed by Karen Carey Hazell, Consumer Representative from the Consumers' Health Forum in Australia, who believes that, over time, registration will have to be made compulsory. …


Various aspects of protein intake are thought to be crucial for the prevention of sarcopenia in older adults. Information about the day-to-day variation in these aspects is lacking. Our objective was to examine whether daily protein intake, protein distribution across meals, number of meals providing adequate protein, and protein sources vary across the week in healthy community-dwelling older adults. In 140 persons (51% women) that were aged 75–85 years, protein intake was assessed by seven-day food records. On average across the week, protein intake (median [IQR]) was 0.93 [0.79–1.10] g/kg body weight (BW) and the coefficient of variation across the three main meals was 0.50 [0.40–0.61]. The number of meals per day providing ≥0.4 g protein/kg BW was 0.57 [0.43–1.00] and 60.0 [52.4–65.2]% of protein intake was animal-based. According to Friedman's test, differences throughout the week were observed in women for daily protein intake (p = 0.038; Sunday: 0.99 [0.78–1.31] vs. Tuesday: 0.79 [0.68–1.12] g/kg BW) and number of meals with adequate protein (p = 0.019; ≥1 daily meal: Sunday: 69.4% vs. Tuesday: 41.7%). On Sunday, protein intake was most in agreement with suggestions to prevent sarcopenia. In men, protein intake did not differ throughout the week.


1. Plant canopies intercept, process and potentially assimilate atmospheric nitrogen (N) additions, but the forest-scale effects of canopy processes on N cycling and plant nutrition are not clear. Substantial method artefacts and scaling issues exist in previous experimental studies which measure relevant N fluxes either at (a) natural abundance, (b) via a 15 N tracer or (c) by incorporation of additional 15 N into measured biomass, meaning these processes are often overlooked or discounted. 2. Here, working in a mature Sitka spruce plantation and


Passenger mutations in cancer cells can give rise to mutant MHC Class I restricted epitopes, also referred to as neoepitopes. One such neoepitope, Tnpo3 (SYMLQALCI), has been described for the BALB/c Meth A fibrosarcoma, by our laboratory1. Immunization with a peptide corresponding to the Tnpo3 neoepitope elicits antigen specific CD8+ T cells, which are capable of mediating specific rejection of Meth A. Interrogating the site of mutation within the Tnpo3 neoepitope with NetMHC predicts three other variants of Tnpo3 having the same amino terminus but different carboxyl termini. Of these four Tnpo3 variants, three elicit functional CD8+ T cells upon immunization, and of these, only one elicits tumor rejection. Here, the structural and cellular immunological aspects of the differential activities of these four neoepitopes are investigated. 1Duan F, Duitama J, Al Seesi S, Ayres CM, Corcelli SA, Pawashe AP, Blanchard T, McMahon D, Sidney J, Sette A, Baker BM, Mandoiu II, Srivastava PK. Genomic and Bioinformatic Profiling of Mutational Neoepitopes Reveals New Rules to Predict Anticancer Immunogenicity." J Exp Med. 211 (2014): 2231-248. PMID: 25245761


Vehicular communication, as one of the most important supporting technologies of intelligent transportation system, has been widely concerned by academia and industry. Wireless channel characterization and modeling are the foundation of communication systems. Compared with typical road scenarios such as urban and suburban areas, wireless channel characterization in intersections is a challenging task. It is necessary to carry out measurement, characterization, and modeling for intersection channels as the basic theoretical support for vehicular communication system solutions. In this paper, channel measurements at 5.9 GHz in street intersection scenarios are carried out and provide data for the characterization and modeling of time-varying vehicular channels. Based on the measured data, this paper extracts and analyzes the time-varying power, delay and spatial characteristics and quantitatively models the influence of building obstruction on key channel parameters. The research in this paper can enrich the investigation of vehicular channels and enable the analysis and design of vehicular communication systems.


Streptococcus suis serotype 2 Chinese strains with 89K pathogenicity island gene was identified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)method in this study.Four primers(two inside and two outside)according to the DNA sequence of 89K pathogenicity island gene from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain(05ZYH33)were designed,and LAMP reaction system were improved.A total of 21 strains of Streptococcus suis serotype 2,18 strains of other Streptococcus,9 strains of Staphylococcus,5 strains of other bacterium and 49 unknown samples were used to assess the specificity of LAMP method,and the minimum detection limit were tested.Results were observed by naked eye or electrophoresis,and compared with detection results from PCR/Quantitative PCR.Detection results showed that only Chinese strains of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 containing 89K pathogenicity island gene were positive,while other bacterium strains were negative.LAMP method revealed good specificity and the minimum detection limit was 24CFU/reaction.The result could be judged by naked eyes without any special instrument and it just took about 2 hours to finish the test from the DNA extract.Then this method was assessed by detecting 49 samples of different sources.Among 32 emergency samples of throat swab from unknown fever patients,2 emergency samples from suspected Streptococcus suis serotype 2 patients' blood and 15 samples of throat swab from natural pigs' amygdalae,only 1 positive was detected from the 2 emergency samples from suspected Streptococcus suis serotype 2 patients' blood.The result of LAMP was same as that of common PCR/Quantitative PCR.It's indicated that this successful LAMP method could rapidly and specifically detect and identify the gene segment containing 89K pathogenicity island of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 Chinese strain without any special instrument.As the operation procedure is simple and convenient,it is very proper for application in laboratories in basic hospitals and animal quarantine stations at basic level in China.


: Introduction: In present context of aftermath of global pandemic banking sectors has crucial role to perform. Nepalese banking sector is the only hope for ensuring investment in positive path. Hence, role of banks are significant in this mean period. But, to ensure banking performance at utmost level, banking employee has to perform with their full potential. This could only happen if employees are satisfied and has sound working environment to work on. Therefore, before backtrack the fallen Nepalese economy, banks have to understand the need of employee and have to enrich working culture and work atmosphere. The research regarding impact for enhancing working environment therefore become very crucial for ensuring employee performance in banking sector of Nepal. So, this research is the mere core asks of recent scenario to find the impact of working environment on employee performance of banking sector. Objectives: Banking employee's performance is the key for leading the deep down economy in assistive path of success. As employees performance can be enhanced through assertive working atmosphere. Hence, this research has aimed to examine the impact of working environment on employee performance in banking sector of Nepal. Design: Researcher has selected quantitative research methodology. The data are analyzed through statistical tools for revealing the findings obtained from the research. The information. for obtaining the results are extracted from primary source and self structured questionnaire technique is used for collecting information. The data are collected from 'A' Graded commercial banks and central offices are targeted for collecting data as all record regarding banking performance are maintained there. Findings: In the contemporary scenario, Nepalese banking sector are being the night watch man as economy is hardly hit by the global pandemic. Nepalese bank in mean hour has to face various challenges to pave back economy in the progressive path of economic growth. Thus, the research suggests banking sector regarding the factor impacting working environment on employee performance. It suggests that there is significant relationship between working environment and employee performance. Nepalese banking sector can enhance the employee performance through developing the working environment. Practical Implication: Research is implacable in creating positive vibe in working environment of banking sector. Although, banking working environment is quite hectic and employee are pressurized to do their jobs on time, is there any proper way of keep employee morale high is the main aspect of research. Therefore, research has practically high value and worth for enhancing employee performance in banking sector. This research is also helpful for banking sector to enrich organizational culture and find the impact of working environment in employee performance. Originality/ Value: Research is done through the study conducted in the bank where data are collected through self structured questionnaire. This research therefore is original and native work of researcher. Research reliability is maintained through collection of data from the concern population. As data is collection primarily from employee working in bank so data has higher worth and value.


Four new methyl chanofruticosinate-type alkaloids, flavisiamines A (1) ∼ D (4) have been isolated from Kopsia flavida (Apocynaceae) and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis using 2D techniques.


The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between organizational culture and IS service quality. To accomplish this, questionnaires were developed for use in field research. A questionnaire based upon the Competing Values Model of Culture was used to assess aspects of organizational culture in IS organizations. A second questionnaire, administered to these organizations' users, was used to assess their perceptions of IS service quality. Analysis of the results not only supports the existence of this relationship but further suggests that IS service providers emphasizing entrepreneurship, creativity, adaptability, and dynamism can improve user perceptions of IS service quality and facilitate success.


The present invention is based on the extracted accident vehicle or maintenance target vehicle photographing means for direct recording, receiving service image homogeneous model is based on the vehicle based on the image of the accident car, or servicing the target vehicle is photographed from the photographing means, and extracts the vehicle and the comparison images and accident vehicle or service image of the target vehicle to extract the deformed region, and the cost list generated by the using the extracted modified region running to generate estimates list control means and the execution control means and on the spot providing an image of the accident vehicle or maintenance target vehicle up to the main server, and recognizes the accident portion of the vehicle, characterized in that from the main server including a communication unit that receives the estimate value of the vehicle is calculated on the basis of the estimate list the mobile device for generating a list of estimates are provided to.


It is a hot problem to design and study autonomous innovation ability in Chinese small-and medium-sized enterprises in after-crisis era.Based on lot of cases and situation in recent years,the paper discusses the principle of evaluation system of autonomous innovation ability and proposes evaluation system for China's small-and medium-sized enterprises.


Abstract: This Researchiniaimed to test the effect of expressive writing techniques in group counseling on the
This type research is quasi experiment with the design of the research is nonequivalent control group design, Subjects selected by purposive sampling. Sample articles used as many as 12 grade VII E students, 6 students as an experimental group and 6 students as a control group. Data collection instruments used is a questionnaire manages anger. Test this hypothesis using parametric analysis its paired sample t test and independent sample t test, test with SPSS 16.0 for Windows.
The results showed that group counseling techniques expressive writing techniques in group counseling on the ability to manage anger, this is evidenced by the results of the experimental group paired sample t test with probability Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000<0,05. Based on the analysis of the average increase in the experimental group 12,78% while avarage in the control group 3,05%. In conclusion,the use of group expressive writing techniques influential to manage anger.


Objective: Understand the morphological change of the mouse lung and the expression level of Api6 under the condition of high cholesterol diet.Methods: Divide the eight-week old male mice into two groups: ordinary diet group;high cholesterol diet group.Get lung tissue sections of the two groups and examine the morphological change by Oil Red O staining,HE staining and immunohistochemical assay after fourteen weeks.RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of Api6 in mouse lung.Results: Compared with ordinary diet-fed mice,the lungs of high cholesterol diet-fed mice showed large amounts of lipid depositions by Oil Red O staining,alveolar septum thickness,inflammatory cell infiltration and cell proliferation by HE staining and immunohistochemical assay.Api6 expression was highly expressed in high cholesterol diet-fed mice.Conclusion: High cholesterol diet can cause lipid depositions in pulmonary tissue and inflammatory damage in the mice directly.Api6 may be involved in the pathological change of high cholesterol diet-fed mice lung.


In order to improve the operation efficiency of wind turbine gearbox and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of wind farm, a fault diagnosis system for wind turbine gearbox based on multisensor data fusion was proposed. First, the different time-domain statistical characteristic parameters of the original vibration signal were calculated, and the information fusion of the feature level and the data level was carried out by means of parallel superposition to obtain the fused data set. Second, a fault classification and recognition model based on GMO-KELM was established by using the fusion data set. Finally, the proposed method was used to monitor the status of the measured data of the gearbox on the vibration test bed of rotating machinery. The experimental results showed that the average training accuracy and the average test accuracy of GMO-KELM method were 100% and 95.58%, respectively, which were much higher than those of other methods. Through experiments and analyses, it was shown that the proposed method was effective and feasible. Compared with other similar methods, the proposed method had the best classification performance.


Partial or complete stickiness of chromosomes and disorientation of spindle were the major anomalies observed in meiocytes of Trigonella plants raised from seeds treated with different concentration of sodium azide for three durations. Other aberrations were unequal separation, non synchronous division, bridge, laggard, stray etc. The pollen fertility and yield showed an increase over control despite the high frequency of stickiness and spindle disorientation. Yield was positively correlated with stickiness, indicating a balancing/regulatory effect of stickiness at the time of gamete formation.


This overview demonstrates the need for school librarians to consider supplementing coding instruction with ethical discussions. School librarians are increasingly incorporating coding into library instruction through play, tutorials, collaboration in content areas, and design thinking projects. To enhance students' ethical decision making and empathy for others, school librarians can also incorporate ethical decision-making into coding activities. In this article, the authors explain why this is important, and present an ethical discussion model. These strategies may help school librarians work towards teaching social justice issues as part of coding programming.


- Southeast Moluccas Regency is a districts in Moluccas Province that  is  rich in marine fisheries resources, especially pelagic fish, seaweed, and demersal fish. Knowledge of information fisheries resources by fishermen and the community in general in the regions is still low, because the unavailability of easy information media  to access information about  fisheries resources in this area. The research aims to design an information system of  fisheries resources inventory to improve the performance of the Southeast Moluccas Regency Government to inform and process data on  fisheries resources. System design method uses RAD (Rapid Application Development). System design tools use UML (Unified Modeling Language), to make applications using the PHP(Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language, and MySQL as the database. Information System for Fisheries Resources  has been tested using the blackbox method, the results show the  system runs as expected. This system can display information on Southeast Moluccas Regency  Fisheries Resources informally to the public and  can be used as a tool for local governments to improve performance for presentation and  processing of data and information in the  marine  and fisheries sector.  Keywords: Information Systems,Inventory,  Fisheries, RAD, UML


ABSTRACT The present work contends that Derrida's critique of Agamben in The Beast and the Sovereign reveals a fundamental misconception of Agamben's formulation of the notion of biopolitics. Agamben differentiates the term 'biopolitics' from biologism and argues instead that biopolitics ought to be viewed through the metaphysical inheritance of the ontological division already present in Aristotle's articulation of the notion of life. Derrida's position is one that refutes any such division. Through Agamben's reading of Aristotle's uses of the terms zoè and bios, and the distinction Aristotle makes between the simple fact of living (tou zen) and living well (tou eu zen), the article brings to light the fragility of the threshold while illustrating its operative function in the Aristotelian apparatus. Derrida contends that Agamben's notion of biopolitics does not advance the Heideggerian discourse concerning the definition of man as animal rationale. The article argues that, on the contrary, for Agamben, Heidegger's position remains biopolitical and does not overcome the metaphysical problem of presupposition. This article traces and unearths Agamben's hidden reply to Derrida and draws a connection between Agamben's formulation of a form-of-life and Deleuze's conceptualisation of life as absolute immanence.


DURING the past eight years a special study has been made of the distribution of the various external parasites found on the birds of the United States. Most of the material has been collected by the members of our staff, although many records have been sent to us by bird-banders, naturalists, and other persons interested in the subject. A number of very interesting records have been found, and many new host and distribution records have been accumulated. Most of the records obtained have been from birds in the States east of the Mississippi River. In order to make these data available to other workers this paper has been prepared. There are here recorded 198 different species of external parasites from 255 species and subspecies of wild birds from various States east of the Mississippi River during the years from 1928 to 1935 inclusive. The external parasites considered here are the Mallophaga or biting lice, the Hippoboscidae or bird-flies, the mites, and the ticks. Only records from the files of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine are included, no attempt having been made to complete the list by compiling records from other collections or published data. Previous lists of Mallophaga have been published which may be consulted for additional data (see list of references). Owing to the large number of birds listed and the limits of time and space, it was necessary to confine the distribution data to the States in which each species of parasite was collected. I want to take this opportunity to thank the many persons who have sent material to us for helping to gather the information here presented. I wish also to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the specialists who identified the material recorded in this list. The flies were determined by the late Dr. J. M. Aldrich of the United States National Museum and by Dr. J. Bequaert of Harvard University Medical School, the mites by Dr. H. E. Ewing of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, and the ticks by Dr. F. C. Bishopp and Mr. C. N. Smith of the same bureau. The Mallophaga were all determined by the author. There are some birds from which few kinds of parasites have been obtained. Other birds were found to harbor many species; such were the Bob-white, Song Sparrow, and Robin, from each of which fifteen species of parasites are listed. There are some species of birds found in the region considered in this paper from which no parasites


Health is a state of physical, mental, emotional and social well-being. Good health enables people to enjoy life and to have the opportunity to achieve the goals they have set for themselves. The real purpose of health is to develop and maintain vigour and vitality, to acquire interests and habits in ways of living that are wholesome, and to meet the demands put upon the individual efficiently, with energy and satisfaction. The concept of health has been very appropriately summed up by J. F. Williams, "Health is that quality of life that enables an individual to live most and serve best." Health can be achieved, maintained and improved by supplying the basic physical, mental, emotional and social needs in proper proportion. In fact health is the key to education, success, good citizenship and a happy life. Now a days health and its maintenance is being considered as a major social investment and it is being felt that health involves individual, state and international responsibility.


A series of advances in studying of German classical philosophy have been achieved in the academic field in China since the reform and opening, which reflect not only in general researches, in that a series of works which showed high theoretical values such as Logical Process of German Classical Philosophy have been published, but also in monographic studies, in that a lot of achievements have come out. In translation of original works of classical works into Chinese, some progresses have also been achieved, such as the publishing of Selected Works of Fichte, the re-translation and publishing Kants works on the Three Criticism.


Diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is challenging, as the symptoms are diverse and nonspecific. Electrophysiological studies have discovered several promising indicators of mTBI that could serve as objective markers of brain injury, but we are still lacking a diagnostic tool that could translate these findings into a real clinical application. Here, we used a multivariate machine-learning approach to detect mTBI from resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) measurements. To address the heterogeneity of the condition, we employed a normative modeling approach and modeled MEG signal features of individual mTBI patients as deviations with respect to the normal variation. To this end, a normative dataset comprising 621 healthy participants was used to determine the variation in power spectra across the cortex. In addition, we constructed normative datasets based on age-matched subsets of the full normative data. To discriminate patients from healthy control subjects, we trained support vector machine classifiers on the quantitative deviation maps for 25 mTBI patients and 20 controls not included in the normative dataset. The best performing classifier made use of the full normative data across the entire age range. This classifier was able to distinguish patients from controls with an accuracy of 79%, which is high enough to substantially contribute to clinical decision making. Inspection of the trained model revealed that low-frequency activity in the theta frequency band (4-8 Hz) is a significant indicator of mTBI, consistent with earlier studies. The method holds promise to advance diagnosis of mTBI and identify patients for treatment and rehabilitation.


This research is aims at appraising or assessing the qualities and quantities of Adult education facilitators in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study used descriptive survey designed with a population of 86 respondents which comprises coordinators, HOD and Subjects Facilitators, the finding shows that, government need to improve the quality and quantity of Adult education facilitators, Adult facilitators should use different teaching methods in teaching different subjects, they also, spouse to be competent in using instructional materials, the Management should allow Adult Facilitators to undergo professional training. The research recommended that government should restrict recruiting unqualified Facilitators by making sure that all those to be recruited into recognized Adult Education Centers are graduate of colleges of Education and Universities, government should improve the status of unqualified to becomes qualified, through organizing periodic seminars, workshops, capacity building courses and refresher programs, government should stick in making conducive learning environment for quality education.


This paper proposes the application of the methodology for deployment of the quality function to de- fine the design criteria of a sliding robot to work in inspection and maintenance in oil wells. This study analyzes the system initially and the options for placement of a robotic structure evaluating alternatives and considering a robotic structure for this purpose. For that purpose a survey by consulting various experts on the topic with the aim of defining the characteristics that have the robot in accordance with the critical requirements in the application. In this paper we show the results obtained by the matrix QFD (Quality Function Deployment) when the input data are provided by the panel respondents. From these results it is possible to determine the technical requirements to be met by the robotic structure that you want to design.


Kim Young-Tae is essentially an artist who, at some time or other, could also have been described as a poet and a painter, as well as a choreography, drama and music critic. He began writing poetry in "Sasanggae" magazine in 1959, but has never been restricted to just one field and has tried his hand at many different forms of art. Hundreds of his works and publications, including his calligraphy and sketches, have been re-used in poems, paintings, portraits of artists, and choreography critiques and reviews. His unique caricatures have been a source of inspiration for many artists. His seemingly limitless interests and participation in various fields of the arts are expressed in his works either directly or indirectly. In particular, "the Portraits of Poets" is the very work that epitomizes his artistic personality. In this work, he draws caricatures of poets on one page, and then on the next, he jots down his opinion about that particular poet. By doing so, he analyzes the poet by using both drawings and writing. This method of analysis can be described as a "caricature essay". This term brings together the two concepts of both a caricature and an essay, and is free from the usual constraints of an essay, which is focused entirely on letters. This term stimulates artistic imagination and is systematic.


This text takes a biopsychosocial approach to three inrelated themes: the intimate interconnection of psychological and behavioural processes with physical health; coping and adaptation; and interpersonal relationships in health and health care. These themes are developed in six sections that address specific areas within health psychology. These include: a theoretical and methodological introduction to health psychology; research and theory on the role of behaviour in health and staying healthy; the effects of stress; understanding and coping with illness; death and dying; and the application of health psychology principles and research to four main health problems: AIDS, cancer, coronary heart disease and pain.


We show the instability of the mixed s- and d-wave or flux phase by showing that a continuous path connects it to a lower-energy dimerized phase without crossing any energy barriers. We discuss the consequences of this result for possible expansions around mean-field theory.


Abstract This paper considers the oxidation of boiler tube alloys; viz. 321H which contains titanium, and E1250 which contains niobium and vanadium, at temperatures of 650 and 750°C, under laboratory conditions, for 720 hours. The resulting oxides have been characterised using advanced techniques including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and site specific crosssections using focused ion beam milling. The results have shown that small concentrations of titanium and vanadium have a pronounced effect on the morphologies of the oxide layers. Where titanium is present, as in alloy 321H, titanium rich nodules form leading to the development of "whisker" growths from the nodules. On the E1250 alloy, vanadium rich, gem like, crystals form on the surface of the chromium/manganese rich scale. Cross-sectional analysis has shown a possible relationship between the surface features and underlying niobium particles.


Hypothermia has been reported in parturient undergoing caesarean section during spinal anesthesia. Hypothermia has been reported when a large dose of morphine was used in spinal anesthesia as well as in smaller doses of morphine; however it is not studied yet whether a very small dose of morphine (50 μg) would affect the body temperature without changing the analgesia effect. Our study was performed to determine if the body temperature will be affected significantly by lowering the intrathecal dose of morphine from 100 to 50 micrograms. We performed a prospective randomized double blinded study on parturients scheduled for elective caesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Body temperatures data was processed using t-test with p-value >0.05. There was no statistical significance in the average body temperatures between patients getting intrathecally 50 versus 100 μg of morphine. Our study demonstrated that the body temperature is not affected by decreasing the intrathecal dose of morphine with no change in parturient's pain scale.


Abnormal knee kinematics and sagittal instability after most knee replacements are due in part to deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) function. The guided motion bi-cruciate stabilized knee replacement aspires to stabilize the knee posteriorly and anteriorly by means of a cam-post mechanism. This investigation studies the ACL-stabilizing function of that mechanism in early flexion, and 25 knees that had undergone replacement with this implant were studied. Antero-posterior laxity at 15° flexion was adequately restored for 76% (16/21) of the knees (side-to-side difference <3 mm on KT assessment), and 72% (18/25) knees exhibited a positive pivot shift test. The findings of this study suggest excellent early clinical outcomes for this implant, but the goal of replicating ACL function has only been partially achieved.


This community service program aims to equip basic English for fisherman's children at Sire coast, North Lombok – West Nusa Tenggara Province. This training held for ten weeks, twice a week with time allocation 60 minutes for every session. Topics in this training consists of introducing language functions such as greeting, asking permission, asking direction, apologizing, requesting, explaining something or someone and offering something. Participants  consists of 16 (sixteen) fisherman's children which lived near Sire coast.  This program used learning by doing mehod which covering orientation, discussion, demonstration, feedback and repetition. Learning by doing method  aroused the children motivation  to learn English  by direct experiences  not only demonstrating or telling. Data collected from tests ( orally - writtenly)  and interview. Participants performance measured by using  criterion referenced tests, based on the result of the evaluation which covered three language function showed  that there are 12 participants (75%)  got A (80 – 100) and only 4 participants (25%) got B (65 – 79). It means that there are no participants got score under minimum criterion (65).  The result of the program indicated  that there is an improvement at their English performance significantly, we can concluded that the implementation  of  learning by doing method  in learning English effective


Abstract - A cooperative is an institution or organization in conducting savings and loans in the form of money and goods so that the cooperative members can prosper. Still, from the results of interviews with the head of the cooperative of SMKN 1 Kota Bima, it turns out that there are still many members of the cooperative who do not pay loans or credit bills continuously according to the agreed credit, this will have an impact on the financial condition of the cooperative to provide further credit to its members, so this research aims to determine how much bad credit is in the cooperative of SMKN 1 Kota Bima for the 2014-2019 period. For the sample in this study, the authors used financial reports for the last six years, namely from the 2014-2019 period. The data used in this study uses financial report data in the form of insufficient credit data and total loans; the data used are secondary. The method used is the one-sample t-test (one party test). Where the SMKN 1 Kota Bima cooperative cannot be said to be good because the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) in 2015 amounted to 2.72, 2016 amounted to 1.41, 2017 amounted to 0.75, and 2019 amounted to 0.59 because a good NPL is by criteria, which must be less than 0.05 or 5% of the standard criteria, the same thing can also be seen from the acquisition of lousy credit values from 2015 to 2019 which has been fluctuating, this is because many members of the cooperative did not pay credit installments on time even though contracted the credit agreement is clearly stated that the member will pay for the credit following a mutually agreed decision.
Keywords: NPL (Non-Performing Loan), Cooperative, Loan


Summary Objective: This paper reports the long-term follow-up of Slovakian patients with chondrocalcinosis and significant hand involvement to evaluate how these patients will be defined by criteria proposed to classify calcium pyrophosphate disorder patients.


This paper is titled "The Phenomenon of Uang Panai' in Wedding Bugis Makassar (a Perspective of Culture and Religion)". This paper aims to present an overview of the culture of uang panai' in wedding Bugis Makassar. It departs from a few mistakes during this among the general public about the culture of uang panai'. Through this writing these views will be straightened so as to produce a correct understanding of the essence of the culture of uang panai'. The few things that are described in this paper, among other things: first, the early history of the culture of uang panai' in Bugis Makassar; second, a myth in the ceremony uang panai' Bugis-Makassar; Third, the value contained in uang panai'; Fourth, the Islamic view marriage about uang panai' in Bugis Makassar; and fifth, difference in essence uang panai' past and present (criticism of panai' phenomenon). In Indonesia, especially those in Bugis-Makassar, besides setting up a dowry, the groom must prepare money ride (panai') before deciding to get married. Uang panai' is not counted as a marriage dowry but as indigenous money agreed upon by both partie or family. The tradition of panai' does not apply to marriages between men and women Bugis Makassar with nonBugis Makassar, Bugis Makassar men will follow the tradition of the family of the woman who was going to marry. However, this culture is generally maintained when women Bugis Makassar in applying for a male nonBugis Makassar. This occurs because the wedding traditions Bugis Makassar woman is the one who picked up so that the customs used on the sides of her family. Culture siri' in this case Indeed a noble culture conceptually and philosophically. In fact, siri' is still recognized as one of the cultural values that influence the personality of the Bugis Makassar. Value siri' in the form of shame or dignity as a basis to act Bugis Makassar in life. Two of the content value in the concept of the siri' value is embarrassed and the value of self esteem (dignity). When the aspect shame dominating personality, the aspect of self esteem should be offset, when the aspect of self esteem tend to arrogance, then the aspect of shame and humility should return the gesture self esteem to a balanced budget position, like the two chemical components are soluble compounding, then both the cultural values in question was not merely coexist but both converge and merge in symbiosis in siri'. By understanding the meaning of siri 'and pacce', there are positive things that can be taken as the concept of the formation of national law, which in this philosophy of how the respect for human values to be fair to myself and to others how to live with due regard to the interests of others.


This paper presents the performance of a minibar domestic refrigerator operating with and without nanoparticles of alumina oxide, Al2O3. The Al2O3 nanoparticles were
mixed with polyolester (POE) lubricant to form nano-lubricant at 0.2% concentration by
volume and were prepared via a two-step method. The nano-lubricant was introduced into the refrigerator at different refrigerant charges ranging from 36 to 44 psi. The
evaluation was carried out by determining the general performance in terms of refrigeration capacity (QL), compressor work, coefficient of performance (COP), and the
power and energy consumption of the system working with both lubricants, POE-Al2O3 and POE. The refrigerator attained its optimum operating level at 42 psi for both. It also
worked normally and safely with POE-Al2O3 lubricant during the experiment. The
performance of the refrigerator operating with POE-Al2O3 was improved compared with
the system working with POE in terms of energy consumption and COP. The energy
consumption of the refrigeration system with POE-Al2O3 at optimum refrigerant charge
was the minimum and maximum COP of 321 Wh and 2.67. The highest percentage of
energy consumption reduction was 2.1% at the optimum refrigerant charge. Thus, the
addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles to the base fluid (POE) gave better performance and
reduction of power consumption.


In product innovation projects risk management has become increasingly important. Technological and commercial developments ask for effective and efficient product innovation. Systematic diagnosing and management of risks can help to make product innovation projects successful. In this paper a method is described which has been developed on the basis of case study investigations of product innovation projects within a multinational supplier of glass parts for the audio and video industry and a multinational company in the lighting industry. Later on the method has been applied in other industrial areas: automobile tyres, propellors for ships. It has proven so far to be a valuable tool to detect the key risks in technologically and organizationally complex product innovation projects.


Propolis, or bee glue, which contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, has long been used in many countries for the management of several diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of several pharmacological models, the anti‐hyperalgesic effect of propolis collected in the south of Brazil.


Spectacular differences are found between characteristics of networks developed in plasma and those developed in pure fibrinogen solution. Networks in plasma have thicker fibres, are more permeable and have lower tensile strength. In this investigation determinants of network structure under "hycio-logical conditions of clotting have been examined in an attempt to account for differences in network structure in plasma and in fibrinogen solution. Two independent variations of mass-length ratio ( µp and µr-.) from permeability and turbidity respectively were used. Effect of varying fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations and the effect of physiological concentrations of Antithrombin III, fibronectin, albumin, γ-globulin and platelet extract on fibrin network structure was examined. Fibrinogen and thrombin alter network characteristics through the modification of kinetics of network development. In these and several other studies it has been found that the kinetics of fibrin formation ultimately determine the final network structure through events preceding the appearance of visible fibrin. In separate experiments it was found that spectacular differences in network structure developed in plasma and fibrinogen were not entirely accounted for by alterations induced in network properties by albumin, y-globulin, fibronectin, ATIII and platelet extract. It is concluded that the final network structure is determined by kinetics of fibrin fibre growth and is highly responsive to the presence of plasma proteins and platelets. The findings may have fundamental applications to haemostasis and thrombosis.


After the scale-up development of four microbial cultures(flavored liquid), the second fermentation was carried out with mixture of the required microbial culture and Chinese rice wine vinasse, then the improved Zaoshao liquor was produced and the compositions before and after improvement were determined by gas chromatograph. Results showed that there were 14 and 16 components before and after the improvement, respectively. 2-amyl alcohol and acetaldehyde, which improved liquor flavor, were found in the second fermentation. N-butyl alcohol, which can make the liquor stimulating odour and bitterness, was significantly decreased in modified Zaoshao Liquor. Before the improvement, the Zaoshao liquor showed less fragrance with astringent flavor. However, after the improvement, Zaoshao liquor showed good taste, harmonious aroma, and long remaining taste. Therefore, four kinds of flavored liquid had a role in flavor improvement.


Disclosed is a filtration device having the advantages of both existing pressure-type filtration devices and submerged filtration devices, and a hollow-fiber membrane module for the filtration device. The filtration device of the present invention comprises: a tank into which feed water to be treated is fed, wherein the tank has a first stepped surface formed therein, and a second stepped surface formed at the opposite side of the first stepped surface; and a hollow-fiber membrane module submerged in the feed water fed into the tank, wherein the hollow-fiber membrane module includes first and second headers and a hollow-fiber membrane interposed between the first and second headers, wherein first and second ends of the first header are supported by the first and second stepped surfaces, respectively.


Phosphate (Pi) is the major phosphorus (P) form used for plant nutrition, whereas phosphite (Phi) is effective in controlling important plant diseases caused by Oomycetes pathogens. However, Phi-based products also have been widely marketed as either P fertilizer or biostimulant, such as elicitor of biochemical responses to abiotic and biotic stress agents, although these effects are not as yet well understood. This investigation has aimed to evaluate the effect of Phi supply as part of the P fertilization, and its influence on the guaiacol peroxidase activity and contents of total fenolics and lignin in maize plants. This study was conducted in an experimental design completely randomized, with 2 P concentrations (52 μM = low P concentration, and 644 μM = adequate P concentration) and 2 P forms (100% phosphate, and 75/25% as Pi/Phi, respectively). Based on studies of uptake kinetics of the 31P, it was shown Phi inhibits Pi uptake competitively in maize, regardless of the plant Pi status. Replacement of 1/4 of Pi by Phi decreased the biomass production of the plants grown under low Pi supply, but no effect was observed in the plants grown under adequate Pi supply, with the advantage of eliciting biochemical responses to stress agents, such as stimulation of the guaiacol peroxidase activity and lignin biosynthesis.


So far, the smallest complete bipartite graph which was known to have a cyclic decomposition into cubes Qd of a given dimension d was Kd2d−1,d2d−2 . We improve this result and show that also Kd2d−2,d2d−2 allows a cyclic decomposition into Qd. We also present a cyclic factorization of K8,8 into Q4.


To the high performance of the rare-earth magnet, it is effective to reduce the oxidation of the powder, reducing the powder grain size (粒徑). An object of the present invention, a low degree of oxidation, the powder particle size is small extremely active (活性) which provides a secure method of manufacturing a magnetic anisotropic rare earth sintered magnet that can be a powder, and also produce better efficiency for a wide variety of shaped products how can to provide for that. A metering and charging section 41 and in the high density portion 42, filling the US (微) powder as a raw material of magnetic anisotropy rare-earth sintered magnet to a mold so that a predetermined density, and magnetic field (磁 界) oriented 43 according to the sintering method, the sintering does not press the powder 44 after orienting the powder with a pulse magnetic field. In this method, mass-production (量 産) and the operation of the apparatus simple, it is possible to reduce the enclosure (enclosure), it is possible that in a method using a conventional large press machine exclude the risk of oxidation or combustion of the previously problematic powder . In addition to using the plate-like, arcuate (弓形) plate-like magnets and dipping a plurality of the most important shape of the rare earth sintered magnet molded product, and can produce good efficiency.


The invention relates to a method for preparing epoxy succinate, which comprises the following steps of: producing a maleic acid disodium salt by using sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, water and maleic anhydride as raw materials; and under the condition of using sodium tungstate as a catalyst, synthetizing the epoxy succinate by using hydrogen peroxide as the raw material. Due to the adoption of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate which is used as the raw material, the reaction process is more mild and controllable, a system is more stable to operate, the raw materials are relatively cheap, a small quantity of water is produced in the reaction process, the epoxy succinate has high solid content, and the quality of the epoxy succinate is easier to control.


Who was Jean Amery? Victim or survivor? Agnostic or Jew? Austrian or exile? Philosopher or journalist? Jean Amery is not easy to classify but what this biography (the first in any language) demonstrates is that he is more - far more - than some enigmatic cult figure: he is one of the most influential of Holocaust survivors and one of the most provocative writers and thinkers of the 20th century. Jean Amery - born Hans Maier in Austria in 1912 - is perhaps best known for his seminal work, "At the Mind's Limits", one of the central texts on what Amery himself described as 'the subjective state of the victim.' But as Irene Heidelberger-Leonard's book reveals, Amery was not just a 'professional concentration camper', as he sometimes dubbed himself in a mixture of mockery and resignation. Drawing on a wide range of previously unpublished documents, Heidelberger-Leonard illuminates the turbulent life of this complex figure, from his middle class origins in pre-war Austria; his flight from his homeland to join the Resistance; his imprisonment in Auschwitz and Belsen; to his eventual suicide in 1978. This definitive biography examines how Amery grappled with what it meant to be both a victim and survivor of the concentration camps and what his experiences there reveal about the tension between human dignity and the reality of horror. Focusing chiefly on Amery's literary works, one of the book's great strengths lies in exploring how every aspect of Amery's life and thought is inextricably connected with his writings. This biography brilliantly demonstrates the importance of Amery in his own time and shows how his relevance extends far beyond.


In this paper, the assessment of adolescents' behaviors related to wisdom is studied. A 15 items rating scale was developed for this study, and complimented by the adolescents' teachers. The items of the scale were obtained from the most popular psychological theories on wisdom (The Berlin Group, R. Sternberg, and M. Ardelt). A preliminary study was carried out using a sample of 164 Argentinean adolescents, obtaining good reliability and factorial validity of the scale. Also, some problems and limitations of the instrument are enumerated, and improvements of the scale for future studies and its applications are discussed.


The aim of this study was to present the hot cracking behavior of a blade originating from a turbine blade segment. The crack was induced by a gas tungsten arc welding process, and the research material was a MAR-M247 nickel based superalloy. This alloy is considered to be difficult to weld because of its high tendency to crack. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the occurrence of cracking in the melted zone, heat-affected zone, and base alloy. A scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed that cracks are propagated by stresses and liquation of the low temperature constituent.


In drylands, the dry vegetation coverage affects dust occurrence by modulating 33 threshold friction velocity (or wind speed) for dust emission. However, there has been little research into quantifying the effect of dry vegetation coverage on dust occurrence. This study investigated spatial and temporal variations of dust occurrence and three definitions of strong wind frequency over the Gobi Desert and surrounding regions in March and 37 April, months when dust occurrence is frequent, during 2001–2021. We evaluated the 38 effects of variations in dry vegetation on dust occurrence by using the threat scores of 39 forecasted dust occurrences for each strong wind definition. Our results indicate that dry 40 vegetation, which was derived from the MODIS Soil Tillage Index, affects dust occurrence 41 more remarkably in April than in March. In March, land surface parameters such as soil 42 freeze-thaw and snow cover, in addition to dry vegetation coverage, should be considered 43 to explain dust variations in that month. However, use of the threshold wind speed 44 estimated from dry vegetation coverage improved the prediction accuracy of dust 45 occurrence in April. Therefore, we propose that the dry vegetation coverage is a key factor 46 controlling dust occurrence variations in April. The findings imply that estimation of dry 47 vegetation coverage should be applied to dust models.


Jubilees. 50:10-11, part of a passage dealing extensively with the laws of Sabbath observance, indicates that the only labor permitted on the Sabbath is the burning of frankincense, bringing oblations and sacrifices "for days and for Sabbaths". According to Jubilees, the Passover sacrifice must be eaten in the sanctuary, in the "court of the house which has been sanctified". The festival of Sukkot appears several times in the Temple Scroll. It is mentioned as part of the sacrificial calendar of the holidays in 11QT 27:10-29:1. This chapter investigates the festival sacrificial laws of the Book of Jubilees and the Temple Scrollin an attempt to compare the two closely. The Book of Jubilees and the Temple Scrollconstitute part of the world from which the Qumran sect emerged and in which it strove to attain its own spiritual ideals.Keywords: Jubilees; Qumran sect; sacrifices; Sukkot; Temple Scroll


Eminent domain is an urgent problem facing local government administrators and scholars throughout the United States. However, the literature is sparse regarding how local leaders make decisions on this hot-button issue. A 2006 Government Accountability Office report noted a lack of data about local governments' use of their eminent domain authority. A survey of county managers in North Carolina was conducted to redress this apparent knowledge gap. Although the findings are primarily generalizable only to other Dillon's rule states, such data demonstrate that eminent domain applies more often for "narrow" (public use) purposes, such as water and sewer systems, than for "broad" (public good) purposes, such as economic development. Current and future property considerations also influence eminent domain decisions.

[A] law that takes property from A, and gives it to B: It is against all reason and justice, for a people to entrust a legislature with such powers; and, therefore, it cannot be presumed that they have done it.

—Associate Justice Samuel Chase, majority opinion, Calder v. Bull (1798)


Extensive configuration interaction calculations have been done for the ground and first excited states of neutral lithium and singly ionized beryllium. While the calculations reproduce the ionization and excitation energies to within 3 cm−1 for Li and 10 cm−1 for Be+, the main purpose of this work is the accurate evaluation of the 2s–2p resonance line oscillator strength. The calculated value of 0.7478 agrees to within less than 1% with the very accurate laser excitation lifetime measurement of 0.7416 ± 0.0012. However, internal consistency checks of the accuracy of these calculations suggest that more precise calculations are unlikely to reduce this discrepancy significantly. Furthermore, when placed together with other independent calculations that should be of comparable, if not better, accuracy, all theoretical predictions strongly indicate an f-value of 0.7475 ± 0.0010, which differs from the experiment by 4 experimental standard deviations. Keywords: configuration interaction, correlation, oscillat...


In ECUADOR outbursts of violence are a normal feature in childhood but some children persist in their aggressive conduct and his inability to control their temper, such children make their parents and teachers enconunter serious problems when control them so ofthen these children are destined to frustrations that make the child feel rejected by their peers when they can not prevent the conduct violent.
Necessarily have to ask first, which are the children do at home and the school students are doing exactly, referring to their conduct, if the aanswer is vague and somewhat confusing to be impossible to clearly identify the problem, so it is pertinent to ask what the reaction of the child or student when this is teased and aggression at home and the school.
If we set up workshops to change the conduct violent that keep certain students within the FAMILY CIRCLE at first, and the within SCHOLAR SITUATION, we don´t that the changes will not occur from one day to another, but patience is need by specially many perseverance if you want to resolve the problem from homes after that, applying the same solution in educational institutions, knowing clearly the above modification of conduct violent went different phases that go from clear definition of the problem until the evaluation of the results.
To carrid valid actions in controlling conduct violent need a model or theory to follow and this, in our case will be theory usually social learning when a child emits conduct violent because it reacts to conflict, the conflict can be of problems of social relationships with other children or older in fact satisfy the desires of coexistence of the himself.


The aim of this work is to introduce a methodology for monitoring diversity of a biological population by using the tool of diversity profiles. In particular, we develop a theory for studying the diversity profile along the temporal axis. We propose forecasting techniques for diversity profile by using the VAR model on multivariate time series of abundance vector and ARMA models both on univariate time series of abundances and on the aggregated series of diversity profiles. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed in order to test the goodness of forecasts obtained applying the three different methods proposed.


Blood‐based markers (BBMs) have recently shown promise to revolutionize the diagnostic and prognostic work‐up of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to improve the design of interventional trials. Here we discuss in detail further research needed to be performed before widespread use of BBMs. We already now recommend use of BBMs as (pre‐)screeners to identify individuals likely to have AD pathological changes for inclusion in trials evaluating disease‐modifying therapies, provided the AD status is confirmed with positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. We also encourage studying longitudinal BBM changes in ongoing as well as future interventional trials. However, BBMs should not yet be used as primary endpoints in pivotal trials. Further, we recommend to cautiously start using BBMs in specialized memory clinics as part of the diagnostic work‐up of patients with cognitive symptoms and the results should be confirmed whenever possible with CSF or PET. Additional data are needed before use of BBMs as stand‐alone diagnostic AD markers, or before considering use in primary care.


The Embulla Mountain, located between the municipalities of Ria and Corneilla-de-Conflent (Eastern Pyrenees), possesses a large karstic complex with more than 20 caves situated at different altitudinal levels. Lachambre Cave, with more than 26 km of galleries, is the largest of these. The research carried out by the authors since 2011 has led to the discovery of several Middle to Late Pleistocene sites. Grotte de la Carriere is one of these newly discovered sites. The first paleontological survey, undertaken in May 2015, led to the unearthing of more than 2000 large- and small-vertebrate remains in eight different stratigraphical layers. The small-mammal assemblage from the richest layer of the sequence (layer 4) includes at least two insectivores (Talpa europaea and Sorex sp.) and eight rodents (Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis jansoni, Iberomys brecciensis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Pliomys coronensis, Apodemus gr. sylvaticus-flavicollis, Allocricetus bursae and Sciurus sp.). This association is very similar to other Middle Pleistocene sites in southern France, such as Caune de l'Arago and Grotte du Lazaret, as well as being similar to other Iberian Middle Pleistocene sites, such as Gran Dolina (TD10), Galeria and Sima del Elefante (TE18-19) in the Sierra de Atapuerca. These data suggest an approximate age for Grotte de la Carriere - layer 4 of between 220 and 450 ka. The chronology proposed on the basis of the micromammal assemblage also coincides with the large mammals recovered and identified from this layer, mainly composed of the species Ursus deningeri, Panthera fossilis and Canis mosbachensis.


Relationships among individual- and group-directed measures of leader behavior descriptions and five variables were examined with an explicit consideration of multiple levels of analysis. In a sample of law enforcement personnel, results indicated that supervisor control and satisfaction with rewards were associated with individual- and group-directed measures of initiating structure based on differences between groups, but not within groups; role ambiguity and effort were associated with individual- and group-directed measures of consideration based on differences between groups, but not within groups; and satisfaction with supervisor was associated with individual- and group-directed measures of initiating structure and of consideration based on individual differences. Thus, different forms of measures (individual- or group-directed) of leader behavior descriptions were correlated with other variables based on different levels of analysis.


.......................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ...................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... v Vita ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Peripheral immune system to neuroimmune communication ...................................... 1 Increased inflammatory profile of microglia in the aged brain ...................................... 3 Age-related changes in neuroimmune response to infection ....................................... 5 Age-related changes in regulatory mechanisms of microglia ....................................... 7 Fractalkine and fractalkine receptor interactions ........................................................11 Pronounced neurobehavioral deficits with age ...........................................................14 The role of impaired fractalkine signaling in neurobehavioral deficts ..........................19 Chapter 2: Protracted Downregulation of CX3CR1 on Microglia of Aged Mice After Lipopolysaccharide challenge ........................................................................................21 Abstract .....................................................................................................................2


—D2D communication has been proposed as an effective way to improve the spectrum utilization of the cellular network. In this paper, we study resource allocation problem to maximize the overall system capacity while maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio for D2D users and Cellular Users (CUs). The optimization problem can be broken down into two subproblems: power control and channel assignment. We first prove that the objective function of power control problem is a convex function to get the optimal transmit power. Then, we designed two search algorithms for channel assignment. The numerical results can show that, compared with the random selection algorithm, our schemes can improve the performance of the system.


Abstract The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the concentrations of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan in wound secretion in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer or malignant melanoma. Twenty-two patients, 16 females and 6 males, undergoing surgery for breast cancer (n=15) or malignant melanoma (n=7) were evaluated. Neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. When the concentrations in wound secretions from the primary breast tumor and the axilla were compared, the neopterin/tryptophan ratio was significantly higher in the tumor wound secretions (0.92±0.41 vs. 0.61±0.14 mmol/mol; p=0.049), but no significant differences were observed in neopterin (49.2±28.6 vs. 31.5±11.1 nmol/L), tryptophan (52.9±13.0 vs. 51.2±13.3 μmol/L) and kynurenine concentrations (5.97±7.49 vs. 5.34±6.25 μmol/L) and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (108.1±107.7 vs. 103.5±106.7 mmol/mol). No marked differences were noted in neopterin, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations and kynurenine/tryptophan and neopterin/tryptophan ratios in sequential samples from the axilla of breast cancer patients obtained on days 1 and 2. In conclusion, present data demonstrate that the measurement of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan can be used to monitor local immune response after cancer surgery.