The craniovertebral junction is unique and the most complex of the axial skeleton in multiple aspects; embryology, anatomy, pathology and kinematics. A surgical physiological approach to management of its abnormalities was instituted at the University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics (UIHC) in 1977 and has been the accepted treatment algorithm worldwide. A global referral led to a prospective database of more than 7,000 adult and pediatric patients; 3,600 of whom were treated at UIHC. 975 children (less than 18 years of age) were surgically managed. The commonest symptoms and signs were neck pain and headache, neurological deficit due to brain stem and spinal cord compression


Eastern Mennonite University's adult program uses a hybrid governance structure. Functions separated from the traditional program include marketing, admissions, and student advising. Functions that remain connected to the traditional program include the registrar, financial aid, and student business accounts.


Previous studies asserted that if we consider the demand side only, a rise in tax evasion definitively leads to a loss in tax revenue. However, those studies on tax evasion and tax collections did not specify the relation between changes in output and level of investment. This paper fills that gap by demonstrating that even if we do not consider the supply side, when investment expenditures depend on the interest rate as well as income, a rise in tax evasion may still have a positive effect on tax revenue.


Burton, D. (1980) Dialogue and Discourse: A Sociolinguistic Approach to Modern Drama Dialogue and Naturally Occurring Conversation, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London Crombie, W. (1985) Process and Relation in Discourse and Language Learning, Oxford University Press, Oxford Leech, G. N. and Short, M. H. (1981) Style in Fiction, Longman, London Leech, G. N. (1983) Principles of Pragmatics, Longman, London Pearce, R. (1977) Chains Choice: The Linguistics Analysis of Novels, and A Portrait of the Artist as


Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands resulting in severe dryness of mucosal surfaces, primarily the mouth and eyes. Female, but not male NOD.H-2h4 mice develop pSS-like manifestations in aged mice. Previously, we have shown that pSS disease that arise in these mice is driven by early peripheral dysregulation that manifests as spontaneous germinal centers (sGC) that are dependent on CD40/CD40L interactions (Mahmoud, T et al., Sci Transl Med 2016). We now examined if other key immune pathways also play a role in pathogenesis of pSS. We found that NOD.H-2h4 mice deficient in either CD28/IFNg or PD1/IFNg developed exacerbated pSS manifestations, compared to the NOD.H-2h4 wild type (WT) mice. As in the WT mice, a single treatment with anti-CD40L mAb in CD28/IFNg−/− mice diminished both sGC and salivary gland tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Unexpectedly, however, the aggressive disease noted in PD1/IFNg−/− animals was not similarly inhibited by treatment with anti-CD40L mAb. While anti-CD40L dissolved the sGC, it had no effect on the TLS that develop in the salivary glands of these PD1/IFNg−/− mice. The different results following anti-CD40L mAb treatment in CD28/IFNg−/−vs. PD1/IFNg−/− mice is likely not due to lack of functional Tregs in CD28/IFNg−/− mice, as while transient depletion of Tregs in PD1/IFNg−/− mice resulted increased salivary gland TLS, anti-CD40L still had minimal impact on disease.


Two-line hybrid rice"H liangyou 991"was bred by crossing hybridization between sterile line"HD9802S"and restorer line"R991".Seed production of "H liangyou 991"as post-tobacco rice was carried out in Datian Town,Taining County for continuous three years,and showed the character of high and stable yield.This paper summarized the characteristics of parent plants of"H liangyou 991",its high yield seed-producing techniques after tobacco cropping season.


Information of all geoscience fields such as astronomy, geophysics, geochemistry, geology, and mineralogy has essentially space coordinates as compared with other natural sciences. When such information characterized by essen tial coordinates is analyzed, the coordinates should be processed independently on the other data such as physical and chemical properties. For this reason, let us define"geoinformation"in order to clarify the characteristics. One of the most important characters of geoinformation is multi-dimensional nature. Some special techniques are necessary to display multi-dimensional information. If we combine contouring, stereoscopy, and overlaying of three principal lights, the rela tion among 7-dimensional variables can be displayed at once. Data processing appears to be main in the present informa tion science. However, the most important point of information science is how to get information. Information is obtained for some purpose. If we do not know the purpose, we cannot get high-quality information. On the other hand, the purpose causes bias on the obtained information. This problem is especially strong in field sciences including geosciences. To avoid the trouble geoscientists always give their attention. Consequently, geoinformatics is expected to lead the field of getting information.


Abstract
 In 2008 we compared numbers of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, captured on glue-coated prism traps of different sizes (standard, double-length narrow, and quarter), colors (green and purple), and height in relation to the canopy of ash host trees (mid-canopy (10–13 m) and ground level (1.5 m)). Standard-size prism traps caught more A. planipennis than did quarter-size prism traps, but catch per square metre of surface area did not differ significantly among the three trap sizes. Twenty percent of quarter-size prism traps failed to catch a single beetle, while all traps of the two larger sizes were successful. The larger traps therefore appear to be more useful as detection tools. In 2009 we compared purple and green standard-size prism traps at three heights: midcanopy (13 m), lower canopy (6 m), and ground (1.5 m). Green traps caught more adult emerald ash borers than did purple traps in the mid and lower canopy, but there was no difference between traps hung at 1.5 m. The ratio of male to female adult emerald ash borers was also higher on green than on purple traps at all three heights.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the optical properties of bifocal diffractive and multifocal refractive intraocular lenses.

METHODS
A model eye with a pupil 4.5 mm in diameter was used to determine the point spread function (PSF) of the distance focus and near focus of a diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (model 811E; Pharmacia Inc, Columbus, Ohio) and of a refractive multifocal IOL (model SA40N; Allergan Optical Inc, Irvine, Calif) to compare them with PSFs of foci of corresponding monofocal lenses. For interpreting the PSFs the through focus response, the modulation transfer function, and the Strehl ratio were evaluated.

RESULTS
The intensity of the distance focus of the bifocal diffractive lens reached 58.5% and the near focus attained 42.7% of the intensity of a corresponding monofocal lens. The maximal halo intensity surrounding both foci was approximately 4.5%. The distance peak of the refractive multifocal IOL was 73.4% and the near peak 25.1% of a corresponding monofocal lens. The out-of-focus image overlaying the distance focus of the refractive multifocal IOL was approximately 3% of the light intensity of the distance focus, whereas the PSF of the near focus of the multifocal IOL is substantially affected by out-of-focus images. The computed modulation transfer functions show better results for the monofocal lenses, similar results for the tested distance foci, and clear advantages for the bifocal diffractive near focus.

CONCLUSIONS
Modulation transfer functions reveal comparable properties for distance vision and a superiority of the bifocal diffractive lens over the refractive multifocal lens for near vision.


In 1833 Maria W. Stewart told a gathering at the African Masonic Hall on Boston's Beacon Hill, "African rights and liberty is a subject that ought to fire the breast of every free man of color in these United States." She held that the founding principles of the United States must extend to all people, otherwise they are merely the hypocritical expression of an ungodly white power. This first-ever biography of a profoundly significant writer explores her early life as an indentured servant in Hartford, Connecticut. Later, she defied adversity, journeying to Boston where she met and married a wealthy commercial agent and former seaman and became a powerful force within the lively black community on Beacon Hill's North Slope. Between 1831-1833 Stewart's "intellectual productions" ranged across topics including true emancipation for African Americans, abolition, the hypocrisy of white Christianity, black liberation theology, and gender inequity. Along with David Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, (1829), her body of work constitutes a significant foundation for black radical politics.


This paper introduces Composer, a system offering composition capabilities for live performance, requiring no prior experience with composition and programming. Current research in computer assisted composition is focused on offline composition. A composer is seen as a person that composes pieces of music which are then performed at a later date, either by the composer or an artist. There has been work done in computer assisted live performance, but the focus in that field has mainly been on the live generation of synthesizers and novel, virtual instruments and musical interfaces. Unlike existing systems, Composer is intended to be used in a live context for the composition of novel melodies. The system makes no assumptions about the user's existing experience as a composer or a programmer. Instead of giving the user unbounded freedom, the system only allows the user to manipulate key properties of the desired melodies. The constraints the user can put on the melodies are the scale or mode in which the melody is set; the tonic note of the scale or mode; the cadence of the melody; the tempo of the melody; and the relative gap-size between notes in the melody. These rules are modelled using a declarative programming model that also supports automatic enumeration of the space of valid melodies. As complete enumeration of this search space is infeasible in a live context, experiments have been performed and their results are presented, to limit the size of the enumerated space while still yielding sufficient variation in the composed pieces. Furthermore, the general system design is presented and it is discussed how choices concerning the inter-communication between components in the system helps the system to be responsive and usable in a live composition context.


This paper addresses the development of accurate and efficient behavioral models of digital integrated circuit ports from measured transient responses. The proposed approach is based on the estimation of parametric models from port voltage and current waveforms. The modeling process is described and applied to the modeling of output ports. Its feasibility is demonstrated by the identification of a real device from actual measurements, and by the comparison of the predicted device response with the measured one.


In chickens with lymphoid leukosis, immunoglobulin production, the distribution of immunoglobulin in tumor cells, the morphology of tumor cells, and the distribution of viruses were examined. Regardless of their location, virtually all of the lymphoma cells had detectable surface IgM; the prevalent distribution pattern produced by the bivalent fluorescein-labeled antibodies to IgM determinants was one of global patching. Variable amounts of cytoplasmic IgM were often detected in tumor cells. Release of IgM from tumor cells was indicated by the finding of high levels of serum IgM in birds with widespread lymphomas. Both high molecular weight and low molecular weight IgM were present in serum from tumorous birds, and both forms were electrophoretically heterogeneous. Lymphomatous birds had elevated titers of agglutinating antibodies to sheep and human erythrocytes but had normal levels of antibodies to Salmonella typhi flagellar antigens and leukosis virus neutralizing antibodies. None of the tumor cells contained or carried on their surface IgG or IgA heavy chain determinants; IgG levels were normal in tumor-bearing birds, but IgA levels were usually elevated.
 Multiple bursal follicles were involved by the tumor process. The tumor nodules in the bursa and in other organs of individual birds often differed in the size, cytoplasmic RNA content, and amount of cytoplasmic IgM that were characteristic of their constituent cells. Most of the tumor cells appeared not to achieve normal maturation; mature plasma cells were usually sparsely distributed around tumor nodules. The tumor cells were found by electron microscopy to contain an abundance of cytoplasmic ribosomes in clusters and scattered strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Virus particles budding from cell membranes of tumor cells were occasionally seen, but cell-associated viruses were much more abundant in a variety of non-tumorous cell types.
 These observations are interpreted to suggest that the avian leukosis viruses exert their lymphomagenic effect by interrupting the switch from IgM to IgG gene expression that normally occurs within clones of bursal lymphocytes.


With the aid of the properties of the hypersingular kernels,a geometric conversion approach was presented in this paper.The conversion leads to a general approach for the accurate and reliable numerical evaluation of the hypersingular surface boundary integrals encountered in a variety of applications with boundary element method.Based on the conversion,the hypersingularity in the boundary integrals could be lowered by one order,resulting in the simplification of the computer code.Moreover,an integral transformation was introduced to damp out the nearly singular behavior of the kernels by the distance function defined in the local polar coordinate system for the nearly hypersingular case.The approach is simple to use,which can be inserted readily to computer code,thus getting rid of the dull routine deduction of formulae before the numerical implementatins,as the expressions of these kernels are in general complicated.The numerical examples were gien in three-dimensional elasticity,verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach,which makes it possible to observe numerically the behavior of the boundary integral values with hypersingular kernels across the boundary.


This paper is one in a series of papers that address practical issues making near time optimal control of robots into something that can be practical in applications. This work emphasizes the issue of how to create feedback that is consistent with the near time optimal objective. In a previous work, iterative learning control was used to learn to make commercial feedback controllers actually track a computed open loop optimal trajectory, but the feedback is still classical and unrelated to the optimality criterion. Another work used linear model predictive control (MPC) based on equations linearized about the open loop solution. The present work goes one step further and uses nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The feedback is no longer based on an open loop solution, but is computed real time aiming to make updates that are optimal based on the current measured state. The approach addresses the issue of vibrations in the robot harmonic drives by limiting the bandwidth of the control action, similar to classical design approaches. Standard time optimal control formulations for moving from one state to another do not address the fact that in robot maneuvers, one is normally interested in staying at the endpoint after arrival. A formulation is developed that makes a smooth transition between the time optimal maneuver objective and the regulator objective after arrival. This is accomplished with both a time optimal term and a regulator term in the cost, appropriately weighted so that time optimality dominates at the start, and in addition a free time horizon is used that converts to fixed time as the endpoint is approached, thus disabling the time optimal term in the cost. Issues of terminal penalty or final state constraints are addressed for producing stability of the feedback control. Numerical examples are presented that examine the tuning needed to develop good feedback control performance.


The aim of this work is to investigate a new mathematical model with delay that describes HIV infection of CD4 + T-cells during therapy. A novel feature is that both therapy and the delay are incorporated into the model. We prove that the infection will die out if the basic reproduction number R0 1. Stability analysis of both endemic and disease free steady states are also studied. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to illustrate our results.


Magnesium has long been assumed to have anticoagulant properties, but the effect has been poorly quantified. The thrombelastograph (TEG) was used to evaluate the effect of magnesium using blood from volunteers. Magnesium sulphate was added to one blood sample and another sample was used as a control. Both samples were tested simultaneously and the results evaluated against the magnesium concentration measured in each sample. At serum magnesium concentrations < 3 mmol litre-1, there were no significant effects of magnesium. With increasing magnesium concentrations there was a statistically significant but small prolongation of the r time, k time and r + k time. Maximum amplitude was affected only at magnesium concentrations > 7 mmol litre-1. Magnesium has only minimal effects on coagulation which are unlikely to be clinically important.


In order to study the effects of humic acid foliar spraying on morphological traits, photosynthetic pigmentation, and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Saveh. The investigated factors included the use of humic acid at four levels 0 (control), 200, 400, and 800 mg/L and ethanol at four levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15%. The measured traits were biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Results showed that humic acid increased biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, carotenoid, and free sugar. The highest positive effect was observed in 400 mg/L humic treatment. Ethanol increased biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, essential oil content, essential oil yield, carotenoid, and free sugar. In general, the highest positive effect was obtained in 10% ethanol treatment. Results showed that the use of humic acid with ethanol, especially in the combination of 400 mg/L humic acid with 10% ethanol, improved morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and yield of essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica.


Currently-fielded small electric-powered remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) lack endurance desired by warfighters, and internal combustion engine (ICE) RPAs generate undesirable acoustic and thermal signatures. Hybrid-electric (HE) propulsion systems would use ICE power for cruise, electric power for endurance, and combine both electric power and ICE power for takeoff, climbing, and recharging onboard battery packs. Use of HE systems would eliminate undesirable signatures in addition to providing considerable fuel savings over time. Various combinations of six components were used in this HE system: the ICE, electric motor (EM), electromagnetic clutch, a one-way bearing, battery pack, and a propeller. Control of such a system in a small RPA has never been attempted before. A rule-based controller was developed in C code to manage this HE system. This system and its various sensors were analyzed on a custom-built dynamometer test stand that was developed in conjunction with other students. LabView screens were developed to aid this testing and interface with the sensor suite. The controller's performance over 9 distinct operating modes, including 4 operational flying states, were validated to provide the most optimal operation of a HE-RPA system of about 13.6 kg (30.0


Clinical Immunology of the Heart provides an important introduction to immunologic diagnosis, cellular immunity, and immunogenetics for practicing cardiologists and others interested in cardiovascular disease. The application of the techniques and knowledge in this book will undoubtedly produce much new, valuable information and better understanding of heart disease mechanisms in the future. Chapter 1 emphasizes immunologic methods in cardiology applicable to cardiac diseases of presumed immunologic origin. Chapter 2 reveals how antibodies can be used for sensitive measurements of immunologic changes in vitro and even therapeutically. For example, purified digoxinspecific Fab fragments may be used to reverse advanced digoxin intoxication in man. Chapter 3 discusses immunologic concepts in rheumatic fever, particularly those relating group A streptococcus to the clinical and pathological events implicated in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Evidence of a persistent genetic marker for rheumatic fever throughout life, coupled with recurrences of rheumatic fever in older people,


The application of biobutanol as an alternative fuel has numerous advantages compared to bioethanol, such as high heating value, low moisture absorption, and low corrosion, although biobutanol requires a high dehydration energy because of its low initial concentration (approximately 1-3 wt%). To develop energy-saving dehydration process using light hydrocarbon extraction, butane solvent was selected as a suitable solvent because of their properties like no azeotropic point or high butanol solubility. Phase equilibrium data of an n-butane/water/n-butanol system were determined using apparatus for high-pressure phase equilibrium measurements and NRTL model parameters were regressed. The proposed process for butanol dehydration consist the extraction column and distillation column. In the extraction column, butanol is concentrated to 90%, after which butane and butanol are separated in the distillation column. Vapor recompression system was introduced for heat recovery. Anhydrous butanol is recovered from the bottom of the distillation column. Energy consumption of a biobutanol dehydration process was evaluated using the developed model and shows 5 MJ/kg-biobutanol from the initial n-butanol concentration of 2 wt% to the final recovery of 99.9 wt% of biobutanol.


This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach to a creative arts honours collaboration that set aside a conventional approach to facilitate an experimental methodology to support greater creative innovation and knowledge acquisition. This paper examines an honours study which explored analogue and digital hybridity in board game design. The methodology employed a practice-led research approach with the Double Diamond design process model used to structure the study. A structured and critical reflective practice model was used to identify and analyse the thinking present within the creative project. A core innovation of this approach was the shift from a focus on a finalised project consisting of a separate creative work and critical thesis, to a study where the critical and creative work were still separate, but included a greater focus on process and prototyping as a means to engage with design principles, rather than a finalised product or artefact. Lessons from the collaboration are identified to inform interdisciplinary honours in the future.


The entrance and exit regions of 127 degrees cylindrical or 180 degrees spherical electron spectrometers with real apertures are approximated by a shielded parallel plate capacitor. By employing a resistor network, the fringing field resulting from a new arrangement of shielding electrodes is measured. It is shown that the adverse influence of fringing fields on the beam trajectories can be reduced, while retaining narrow apertures at the entrance and exit planes of the deflector and without changing the deflection angle, as would be required by the Herzog correction.


This article makes the case for a revised model of lyric reading. While theorists have thus far identified lyric reading with a monolithic, expressive model of lyric, the more capacious model I propose involves bringing the signature entanglements that have endowed the term lyric with historical freight and analytical richness to bear on the analysis of literary works—particularly on generically ambiguous contemporary works written during the era of what Virginia Jackson and Yopie Prins have called "lyricization." The essay presents three recurring sites of debate in lyric theory, using each to bring distinct aesthetic and political dimensions of Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric (2014) into focus. Meditating on contested, rather than putatively universal, features of lyric and their imprint upon Rankine's "American lyric" reveals the urgent matters of value that such features comprehend. To explore them is to explore the racial subconscious of the lyric tradition and recover how lyric has been multiply and alternatively conceived.


The Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the core infrastructure components of the Internet. DNS data is also trivial to spoof. The security extensions to DNS (DNSSEC) provide a mechanism for users to verify the origin authenticity and integrity of DNS data based on cryptographic signatures. DNSSEC as a technology has steadily matured over the past several years and a number of tools and services that facilitate performing DNSSEC-related operations have emerged during this period. This paper gives an overview of using existing tools and utilities from the DNSSEC-Tools 1 suite to build environments that support DNSSEC along the complete path from the authoritative name server where domain data resides to the end-application that uses DNS data.


In our Report, and as requested by Study Specification by the European Parliament, we focus essentially on the "rebate" issue and on an analysis of possible EU tax categories. Here we record the main topics covered in the Report. Policy conclusions are rendered in Chapter IV.


This study reports on the perceived importance of the professional needs of the Italian hotel industry's managing owners (MOs) and general managers (GMs). A survey was used to (1) determine the hotel-management skills that need improvement, (2) assess which of those skill areas can be improved through training, and (3) identify the specific training courses that are actually of interest to those managers. When asked which of their professional skills needed the most improvement, the MO and GM groups both cited marketing and human-resources expertise, followed by financial and administrative-management knowledge. Moreover, more than 80 percent of the MOs and GMs considered human resources and marketing the most useful skill areas that could actually be taught in professional-development courses. A series of open-ended questions also revealed the managers' perceived shortcomings regarding employee relations-in particular, recruitment, selection, training, and motivation. When asked about which courses they might actually attend, managing customer satisfaction was ranked first followed by publicity and promotion. Leadership and motivation came in third, followed by strategic marketing and maximizing hotel sales. As for a training program's cost, GMs are willing to spend more money than are the MOs. GMs prefer that training take place on weekdays while the MOs preferred weekend programs.


ABSTRACT The arrival of the third plague pandemic in the Indian Subcontinent in the late nineteenth century is well known to have prompted the state to rethink colonial governance. In this article, I examine how a locality in Bangalore, Fraser Town, was turned into a 'model town' at the All-India Sanitary Conferences hosted between 1911-1914, in the aftermath of the plague. I juxtapose archival manuals that recount the planning of Fraser Town with the discussions on town planning in the AISC proceedings to show how a universal 'plague urbanism' emerged as the most effective prophylactic against disease across Imperial India. The colonial government's intent to project Fraser Town as an exemplar of sanitary planning at the AISC, I argue, had a twofold agenda. In Bangalore, they could claim credit for creating a model town although it was the Princely Mysore State's capital. Across Imperial India, Fraser Town supported the Conferences' agenda of deconstructing the difference between British, Princely, and variously ruled territories, reconstituting them in a performatively united 'All-India' against disease. Putting the making of Fraser Town alongside the imperial AISC, in dialogue with a global pandemic and conferencing; I show how planning processes were integral to territorial aspirations of empire.


Most of women entrepreneurs who have married, have a dual role conflict, namely not fulfilling the demands of roles in family due to their roles in work and vice versa. Emotional intelligence and competence very needed to minimize the conflict between the dual roles of women entrepreneurs. Improper conflict management causes female entrepreneurs have work stress and affect their business performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of multiple role conflict, emotional intelligence, and competence on entrepreneur woman performance through work stress in HIPPI. The type of this research is descriptive quantitative research and the population in this study are all members of the HIPPI community, as many as 235 respondents, then the determination of the sample size using the Slovin formula with a total sample of 149 respondents. The sampling method used is simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS program. The results showed that directly dual role conflict had a negative and insignificant effect on performance, emotional intelligence had a positive and significant effect on performance, competence had a positive and significant effect on performance, job stress had a negative and significant effect on performance, multiple role conflict had a positive and significant effect on work stress, emotional intelligence had a significant negative effect on work stress, and competence had a significant negative effect on work stress. Then indirectly dual role conflict has a negative and significant effect on performance through work stress, emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on performance through work stress, and competence has a positive and significant effect on performance through work stress.

Keywords: Dual Role Conflict, Emotional Intelligence, Competence, Business Performance, Job Stress.


We report a novel and simple method to fabricate top‐emitting OLEDs having inverted structures. Contrary to the previous expectations, the inverted device provides even better device characteristics than that of the conventional OLEDs. Using the inverted OLED technology, we were able to fabricate 3.5″QVGA full‐color AM‐OLED devices.


With the growing popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), a massive amount of purpose-specific, heterogeneous, inexpensive devices have been deployed. To allow these devices to perform their duties and collaborate efficiently, designing a secure and dependable communication channel is necessary. Pairing, as the fundamental procedure for establishing a trustworthy communication channel, has received extensive attention from security researchers. Previous secure pairing protocols depend on auxiliary peripherals (e.g., displays, speakers) to share the secret message, while for those products featuring with low-price, manufacturers would probably adopt insecure pairing methods to reduce the cost, so the devices may be subject to various attacks. To mitigate such a situation, we design a peripheral-free secure pairing protocol, termed SwitchPairing. Our protocol only requires users to connect the pre-pairing devices to the same power source, then randomly presses and releases the switch to generate a shared secret. It does not require additional peripherals and can defense eavesdropping and replay attacks innately. We implement a prototype via two CC2640R2F development boards and invite volunteers to participate in the experiments about bench-marking security and usability. The result of our experiments show that our protocol can fulfill the security and efficient requirement of various IoT applications.


The paper looks at estimation of structural VARs with sign restrictions. Since sign restrictions do not generate a unique model it is necessary to find some way of summarizing the information they yield. Existing methods present impulse responses from different models and it is argued that they should come from a common model. If this is not done the implied shocks implicit in the impulse responses will not be orthogonal. A method is described that tries to resolve this difficulty. It works with a common model whose impulse responses are as close as possible to the median values of the impulse responses (taken over the range of models satisfying the sign restrictions). Using a simple demand and supply model it is shown that there is no reason to think that sign restrictions will generate better quantitative estimates of the effects of shocks than existing methods such as assuming a system is recursive.


We present a study of a star formation prescription in which star formation efficiency (SFE) depends on local gas density and turbulent velocity dispersion, as suggested by direct simulations of SF in turbulent giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We test the model using a simulation of an isolated Milky-Way-sized galaxy with a self-consistent treatment of turbulence on unresolved scales. We show that this prescription predicts a wide variation of local SFE per free-fall time, ∼ 0.1%–10%, and gas depletion time, ∼ 0.1–10 Gyr. In addition, it predicts an effective density threshold for star formation due to suppression of in warm diffuse gas stabilized by thermal pressure. We show that the model predicts star formation rates (SFRs) in agreement with observations from the scales of individual star-forming regions to the kiloparsec scales. This agreement is nontrivial, as the model was not tuned in any way and the predicted SFRs on all scales are determined by the distribution of the GMC-scale densities and turbulent velocities σ in the cold gas within the galaxy, which is shaped by galactic dynamics. The broad agreement of the star formation prescription calibrated in the GMC-scale simulations with observations both gives credence to such simulations and promises to put star formation modeling in galaxy formation simulations on a much firmer theoretical footing.


SUMMARY
The five independent components Γxz, Γyz, Γzz, Γxx - Γyy, and Γxy, of the gravity tensor are measurable by gradiometers. When grouped into {Γzz}, {Γxz, Γyz} and {Γxx - Γyy, 2Γxy} and expanded into an infinite series of pure-spin spherical harmonic tensors, simple eigenvalue connections can be derived between these three sets and the spherical harmonic expansion of the gravity potential. The three eigenvalues are (n+ 1)(n+ 2), -(n+ 2)√n(n+ 1) and √(n - 1)n(n+ 1)(n+ 2). This result permits an easy analytical incorporation of all measurable tensor components into a spectral signal and noise analysis of gravity quantities on a sphere. Analogous relations also exist for a 2-D Fourier (flat earth) expansion of these three sets. An additional advantageous feature of the set {Γxx - Γyy, 2Γxy}, besides the simple eigenvalue relation, is its invariance with respect to small position uncertainties, e.g., of the trajectory of the satellite or airplane carrying the gradiometer. Hence a complete framework exists in terms of the eigenvectors of all operators connecting the zeroth, first, and second derivatives of the gravitational potential. At the same time the results facilitate the planning of gradiometer missions and their data analysis.


Today, software developers work on complex and fast-moving projects that often require instant assistance from other domain and subject matter experts. Chat servers such as Discord facilitate live communication and collaboration among developers all over the world. With numerous topics discussed in parallel, mining and analyzing the chat data of these platforms would offer researchers and tool makers opportunities to develop software tools and services such as automated virtual assistants, chat bots, chat summarization techniques, Q&A thesaurus, and more. In this paper, we propose a dataset called DISCO consisting of the one-year public DIScord chat COnversations of four software development communities. We have collected the chat data of the channels containing general programming Q&A discussions from the four Discord servers, applied a disentanglement technique [13] to extract conversations from the chat transcripts, and performed a manual validation of conversations on a random sample (500 conversations). Our dataset consists of 28, 712 conversations, 1,508,093 messages posted by 323, 562 users. As a case study on the dataset, we applied a topic modelling technique for extracting the top five general topics that are most discussed in each Discord channel.


The purpose of this paper is to present advances in the Mconf web conferencing system to support transparent interoperability with room videoconferencing equipment (known as endpoints), Multipresence system, and Phone@RNP. The system can behave as SFU (Switching Forwarding Unit) or MCU (Multipoint Control Unit), making decisions about the best signal to send to each destination. The following main benefits can be cited: 1) Improving user interaction in the use of such systems, so that it simply enters the portal "Video Collaboration Service", and the system make the necessary adaptations to obtain the best user experience; 2) Have a single MCU + SFU service, savings resources, as it concentrates programmers on the same code.


Although Tahfiz students' Islamic knowledge is generally accorded privilege, Tahfiz students' English language proficiency is considered weak and insubstantial. The advent of technology and the 21st century reveal the centrality of English proficiency as it is still the most spoken language in the world. As such, to become global Da'ie, Tahfiz students might better possess English language proficiency commensurate with the global demands. Based on Dornyei's (2005) L2MSS, a new L2 motivational model for Tahfiz students has been proposed. In this paper, the authors describe one specific factor in the new model, namely the Islamic Drive which contains five items extracted via the Exploratory Factor Analysis. The element of Islamic Drive used singly is useful because it substantiates a unique aspect of motivation for Tahfiz students. In essence, the Islamic Drive suggests that Tahfiz students' motivation is closely associated with their spiritual vision; to use English mainly as a means of da'wah is to communicate with other global Muslims.


Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is a very rare hematopoietic tissue-derived dendritic cell malignancy. Because of the lack of specific clinical manifestations, pathological diagnosis is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of IDCS. However, there are no standard treatment programs of IDCS at present. Most reports in the literatures on single tumor mainly focus on surgery. And for patients with multiple metastases and relapses in the body, chemotherapy is the major treatment method. IDCS is characterized with high malignancy, rapid clinical progress and poor prognosis. This paper reviews the progress of IDCS diagnosis and treatment.

Key words:
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma; Dendritic cells; Prognosis


The Mantoux test and a double intradermal tuberculin test (PID), were carried out on 131 patients hospitalized for diagnostic elucidation. Comparison was made between the results of the two intradermal tests and the final diagnosis, obtained by clinical, surgical and laboratory methods, and the data were submitted to statistical analysis. Measuring Mantoux reaction after 72 h, and injecting a new intradermal dose of PPD at exactly the same point and repeating the reading after another 24 h, the difference in size (mm) between the first and second readings may be interpreted in three different ways: 1) A difference of less than 3 mm between the two readings: nill statistical probability of patient with tuberculosis. 2) A difference of 3 mm or more, with maximal reaction diameter of 9 mm: indecisive result; patient probably without tuberculosis, however it is suggested that a new PID should be carried out after another 90 days. 3) A difference of 3 mm or more, with maximal reaction of 10 mm or more: patient probably has tuberculosis. The statistical analysis showed that the PID test is better than the Mantoux test, presenting fewer errors, less false-positive results, nill probability of false-negative results, better sensibility and specificity. The conclusion was drawn that the PID is a test that can be used in diagnostic elucidation and publici health surveys on the incidence of tuberculosis.


Predictive outcome factors by open surgery in intracranial aneurysms (IA). An experience of 628 cases A.V. Ciurea, A. Tascu, A. Iliescu, F.M. Brehar, R. Rizea, A. Spatariu 1 Clinic of Neurosurgery "Bagdasar Arseni" Clinical Hospital "Carol Davila" Medical School, Bucharest, Romania Background: The intracranial aneurysm (I.A.) has a prevalence between 0,2-7,9% in the literature. The variability depends of hospital referral, neuroimaging findings and autopsy pattern. The pathology of intracranial aneurysms is a dominant element in neurosurgical activity, because of the multiple preoperative and management problems. IA affect mainly the active age (40 and 60 years old) and the male sex. Generally the incidence in USA is 10-28/100.000 (official data). The etiology of IA may be: congenital, (aneurysms appear due to a defect of the muscular layer of the arterial wall), arterial hypertension, neoplastic disease, atherosclerosis, inherited diseases, trauma, infection (mycotic an.), unknown causes. In all the cases of aneurysm ruptures, some of the following are incriminated as risk factors: cigarette smoking, alcohol excess, life stress. The cerebral circulation must be evaluated in totality and aneurysms in particular and the accuracy management is necessary for limitation of important lifethreatring complication (rebleeding and ischemic stroke). Material & Methods: The authors present a study about 628 consecutive operated patients with intracranial aneurysms, operated in first Neurosurgical Department between 1997December 2010 – 14 years (40 children and 588 adults). Most cases (286 case 45,5%) were between 41 and 50 years old. Male is the preponderent sex 427 cases (68%) (2,1 : 1). The symptoms were dominated by: headache (98%), stiffneck (94%) and focal neurologic deficit (71%) etc. Most patients were Hunt and Hess grade II (230 cases, 36,7%) and Hunt and Hess grade 3 (97 cases, 15,4%) at admission. The associated pathology was: systemic arterial hipertension (471 cases, 75%) and obesity/hypercolesterolemia (214 cases, 34,1%), ischemic cardiopathy (100 cases,16%), diabetus melitus (100 cases,16%), chronic alcoholism (82 cases,13%), ischemic stroke (75 cases,12%), atrial fibrilation (63 cases, 10%), miscellanea (88 cases, 14%, anticoagulant therapy). The main investigations were: CT scan, DS angiography. Actually, the most important were 3D DS Angiography and 3D CT AngioCT. The common localization of intracranial aneurysms was the anterior communicating artery 183 cases (29,1%); the other locations 206 Abstracts 1 Regional Congress of Neurosurgery in the Danube-Carpathian Region were: medium cerebral artery 157 cases (25%), posterior comunicating artery 107 cases (17%), internal carotid artery 84 cases, (13,3%), basilar top artery cases 21 (3,3%) and vertebral artery 11 cases (1,8%). Multiple aneurysm represent in our data 65 cases (10,3%). All cases were operated, as soon as possible after the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and IA angiography diagnosis. "Early surgery" eliminates the risk of re-bleeding and facilities the treatment of vasospasm which peak is between 6-8 days post SAH. From all complications two are very critical for life and morbidity: aneurysm rebleeding and cerebral ischemia. The authors present by personal experience the outcome predictive factors : age (up to 65 and under 5 years) associated pathology (arterial hypertension 491 cases (78,1%)), obesity and hypercholesterolemia 214 cases (38,3%), ischemic cardiopathy 107 cases (17%), diabetus mielitis 11 cases (16%) and so on, subarachnoid hemorrhage diffusion (according to the Fisher scale), aneurysm particularities – number, shape, size, association with AVMs, aneurysm timing of operation, brain relaxation (hyperventilation and CSF drainage) aneurysm rerupture, peroperatory vasospasm, ICU facilities, possibilities of coiling treatment, early neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in our data (at 6 months postoperator) shows: good recovery 421 cases (67%), moderate disability 148 cases (23.5%), severe disability 31 cases (4.9%), persistent vegetative state 7 cases (1.1%), death 21 cases (3.4%). Conclusions: IA represents an important neurosurgical challenge. Also IA by the rupture and complication is the real lifethreatering diseases. Clincal features are dominated by SAH & neurological signs (Hunt and Hess scale-1968, was perfectly useful). Complete vascular exclusion is the treatment of choice by open microsurgical approach or endovascular embolization. The important measures to avoid rebleeding and cerebral ischemic stroke in intracranial aneurysms are perfect evaluation and early approach, perfect aneurysm dissection and neuroprotective measures (pre, intra and postoperatory). Neuroprotective agents – useful to avoid cerebral ischemic stroke The timing of aneurysm surgery is one of the key of avoidance lifethreatring complication. Recent diagnostic and therapeutic management of gliomas with special emphasis on 3T intraoperative MR (239 cases) F. Kramář, D. Netuka, T. Belšan, V. Beneš, S. Ostrý, M. Mohapl, D. Hořínek, V. Masopust Dept. of Neurosurgery and Dept. of Radiology Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Brain gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors. They include a variety of histological subtypes and diagnostics is based on histological classification which relies on morphological findings in the tumor tissue. The treatment is still complicated and not as successful as one would expect. However, in last years new diagnostic and treatment methods were introduced. In nonrandom chromosomal abberations and gene mutations were found in last decade. As a one of first steps in tumorigeneses mutation of IDH1/2 was revealed in low-grade gliomas. Duplication of BRAF gene was found in pilocytic astrocytomas. New chemotherapeutic agents are constantly put in trials, temozolomide has become the "golden" standard in the treatment of Romanian Neurosurgery (2011) XVIII 2: 205 – 229 207 malignant gliomas. The extent of resection of glioma seems to be a very important factor in progression-free and overall survival not only in high-grade but also in low-grade gliomas. Methods: Since April 2008 the imageguided surgical suite is routinely used for glioma surgery. The suite is directly connected with 3.0T MR scanner (GE) by rail-based transfer system (Maquet) and capable to perform intraoperative MR examination (iMRI). A consecutive series of 213 patients undergoing surgery with iMRI is presented. All patients signed an inform consent for iMRI examination. Patient ́s head is fixed in 3.0T MR compatible headholder. Surgery may be interrupted according to neurosurgeon decision at any moment and iMRI is then performed. The iMRI takes about 15-20 minutes depending on the MR examination protocol. Results: Since April 2008 to December 2010, 213 glioma patients underwent 239 surgeries (200 resections, 38 stereobiopsies, 1 tumor cyst puncture) with iMRI. We have performed a prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of iMRI in this consecutive series. In 101 patients the radical resection was intended and it was achieved in 80 (80%). Unexpectedly, in the group of non-intended radical resection in 10 cases of 99, radical resection was achieved. In total in 90 of 200 cases the tumor was radically resected (MR radicality), in 45% of all resections. In comparison with our older series the radicality ratio doubled (from 22% in 2006 to 45% in 2010). iMRI changed the surgery strategy in 25% of all cases, the resection continued after the iMRI. The goal of resection was achieved in 177 surgeries, in 23 cases the resection could have been more extensive by retrospective analysis. Mortality in the series was 2,9% (7 patients), most common cause of death was haematoma (5 cases). Morbidity was 26,7% (64 patients – any kind of complication) but serious worsening was observed only in 7,1% (17 patients.). Total MM was thus 10% (9 haematomas, 15 neurological worsenings). Conclusions: One of the new "most challenging" tools in gliomas seems to be intraoperative MR examination. It is a valuable method for gliomas, eficient and safe. In our experience the resection radicality increased more than twice with iMRI. The morbidity/mortality rate is slightly higher in our series, but still acceptable. Treatment of supratentorial low-grade gliomas: surgical versus conservative


The increasing incidence of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in ageing populations places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Co‐morbidity, frailty, and reduced organ and physiological reserve contribute to treatment‐related complications. The optimal dose intensity of R‐CHOP to optimize outcome across different ages with variable frailty and comorbidity burden is unclear.


Through questionnaire investigation,this paper makes study on physical education students,experts and primary and middle school teachers.The result showed that at present,the training program,curriculum access to physical education majors' student's recognition,but there is certain gap with the needs of society,and have a certain distance with the employer's expectations.It is suggested that physical education majors' curriculum reforms should be strengthened in local application-oriented university,highlight the overall quality of teachers and train qualified physical education teachers.


The objective of this study is to identify the implementation of the paraphrasing strategy for the students at Mts Ummul Mukminin Makassar in teaching reading comprehension and the interest in using that strategy in the teaching and learning process. 30 students for the experimental group and 30 students for the control group were involved in the subject. The resources consisted of a test for reading comprehension and a questioner.The result showed that paraphrasing strategy substantially improves the reading comprehension of the students (.000 < .05). The questionnaire was given to the students covered the statement about whether or not the students are interested in the use of paraphrasing strategy. The questionnaire result shows that the use of paraphrasing strategy in teaching reading improves their interest in reading comprehension. In other words, the students have high interest to the use of paraphrasing strategy in learning reading. The interest of the students was classified in high category for experimental community, which is shown by the mean interest of students 71.87. Finally, the paraphrasing technique leads to enhancing the achievement of reading comprehension and students are involved in using the strategy in the course of teaching and learning.


Potassium-lime and potassium-calcium-magnesium fertilizers (7.12 and 6.50 percent K 2 O, 16.07 and 9.70 percent CaO, 0.08 and 5.0 percent MgO), made from the rhyolite-dacitic tuffs of the Tashir deposit in northern Armenia, increased the yield and improved the quality of barley and potatoes grown on magnesium-deficient acid sands and loamy sands of the Cisural region. They reduced the actual acidity, increased the content of exchangeably adsorbed Ca and Mg, and raised the degree of base saturation of the soil. The slow release of potassium from the potassium-silicate fertilizer was compensated by applying one-third of the potassium in the form of a soluble fertilizer (the starting dose) and by adding industrial lignosulfonates which have complexing capacity, at the rate of 2 percent of the fertilizer weight.


Aim: To screen the symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in adult migraine patients.
Material and Methods: Our study included 102 migraine patients and 93 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Gender, age, level of education and duration of disease were recorded. We used the adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder self-report scale to evaluate the symptoms of adult attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In addition, the short form-36 and the hospital anxiety and depression scale were applied to the patients and the healthy controls.
Results: The mean scores of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were significantly higher in migraine patients compared to the control group. There was no significant relationship between the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores and the duration of the disease. There was a negative correlation between the SF-36 health questionnaire scores and the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores. There was a positive correlation between the Migraine Disability Assessment scores, the number of migraine attacks and the Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores.
Conclusion: Attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms can develop in adult migraine patients and cause psychosocial morbidity and poor quality of life.


This article examines legal, infrastructural and historical peculiarities of the Russian bond market. It is noted the following: the almost complete absence of bonds originally issued for a term of less than one year; intensive development of the segment of the stock exchange bonds.


Purpose: This article explores the role of technical communicators during disaster response and provides suggestions to practitioners about how to incorporate social justice-oriented language, culture, and context-specific crisis communication during disasters.
 Method: This is a mixed-methods study that includes a) narrative inquiry and b) social network analysis. The study is based on two different disasters: the April 2015 Nepal Earthquake and Hurricane Maria of 2017. I used narrative inquiry with 28 participants who represented government,
 non-governmental agencies, community organizers, activists, and students for the qualitative study portion of my research. For the social network analysis portion, I analyzed approximately 50 million tweets that were posted during the first week after both disasters. In this article, I showcased
 a word frequency display that focuses on the words uttered and written in response to the calamities. Results: Based on this method, I found that there were two different types of communication that happened during these two disasters: organizational communication and crisis
 publics communication, which was mediated by people from all walks of life. Conclusion: Technical communicators and publics (local or non-experts) who take up the role of technical communicators during a disaster can play an important role in providing accurate information
 and dispelling misinformation by working closely with the experts, scientists, journalists, and other officials.


JULIANA SPAHR is professor of English and the dean of graduate studies at Mills College. Her most recent book is Du Bois's Telegram: Literary Resistance and State Containment (Harvard UP, 2018). Nestled between the February 1918 start of the influenza A pandemic and its end in April 1920 is 1919, a famous year of unrest. The year 1919 was one of worker strikes, such as a five-day general strike in Seattle and a three-month strike by the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers. It was also, as James Weldon Johnson noted, a "Red Summer" of race riots (341). The "red" in this case denotes blood not bolshevism. This summer begins perhaps in April with the Jenkins County, Georgia, riot, continues with the May Charleston riot, and then intensifies in July, first with the Longview, Texas, riot, followed by the Bisbee, Arizona, riot and the Garfield Park riot. In the third week of July the Washington, DC, riots began. And then two weeks after that, the Chicago riots. Because all these riots were begun by white Americans with lynch mob intentions, many read 1919 as just another year, if an unusually intense one, in the longue durée of American white supremacy. But as David F. Krugler notes, to read 1919 merely through the lens of white-on-black violence is to miss the moments when white supremacy was resolutely challenged. In July, black residents—first in Washington, DC, and then in Chicago—fought back against this intensifying violence in ways not seen before in the history of the United States. Krugler documents how these moments of resistance were inclusive, crossed class and gender divisions, and involved "Black veterans and active-duty servicemen" and "working class and professional black men." Black women also "took up arms to defend besieged homes in Washington and Chicago" (4). Many died in this effort in July, and there were weeks of looting and burning. The riots that defined 1919 are not usually understood as having anything to do with the ongoing pandemic. The year 1919 was


In this work, we present some ideas for projects that can be used in undergraduate Information Assurance and Security (IAS) courses. The projects range from cryptanalysis of ciphertext, network sec...


We employ a path integral representation for the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation describing the motion of a quantum particle in a static random potential. Within a semi-classical approximation (pure phase wave function) and a one-loop order path integral evaluation, we obtain three-dimensional electron localization in the presence of static disorder and zero temperature.


Though many of the world's acidic soils have aluminum levels that are toxic to food plants, subsistence farmers often depend on these soils to survive. ARS plant physiologist Leon Kochian has been a part of a multinational effort to find a gene in sorghum—a key food crop in Africa—to protect it against aluminum toxicity in acidic soils.

"A lot of this work is targeted for developing countries," Kochian says. "We're conducting basic research with a global mission."

Kochian leads the ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, in Ithaca, New York. For this sorghum research, he collaborated with his former Ph.D. student, Jurandir V. Magalhaes. Magalhaes is a scientist with EMBRAPA Maize and Sorghum, a branch of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brazil's federal


This study verified if teacher's (P1) exposure to a video of their own Portuguese language lesson and to researchers' functional descriptive assessment models would aid in the learning of behavioral repertoires that define this kind of functional assessment. In Phase 1, Portuguese language classes taught by P1 on two didactic units (DU 1 and DU 2) were recorded and P1 was exposed to interview about DU 1 classes in the absence and in the presence of the DU 1 video. In Phase 2, P1 is exposed to the researchers' functional descriptive model about DU 1 classes. Following that, the DU 2 videos were showed and P1 was asked to make a functional descriptive assessment model about the DU 2 video. After, P1 came into contact with researchers' functional descriptive model of DU 2 classes. Finally, in Phase 3, DU 3 Portuguese language classes were recorded and P1 was exposed to the same Phase 1 questions. In the absence of DU1 and DU 2 video recorded classes, P1 early teaching repertoires stressed oral without knowledge about possible stimulus control relations in P1 classes. P1 teaching strategies in Phase 3 were related to past researchers' functional interpretative models. Learning limitations about behavioral repertories used to make functional descriptive assessment were related with characteristics of the procedures adopted. Keywords: descriptive functional assessment; behavior analysis; teacher education; teaching of Portuguese language.


The evolution of integrated circuits industry is based on technology scaling. For every new technology node, the critical dimension that can be printed in a circuit layout becomes smaller. This scaling allows the increase of the number of elements that can be included in a single chip and therefore to implement more complex functions. However, integrated circuit manufacturers are facing the increasing manufacturing costs associated to this technology scaling. Printing smaller critical dimensions for each technology node is becoming unaffordable [1]. Lithography processes used for manufacturing that involve resolution enhancement techniques are computationally expensive for large circuits with arbitrary layout patterns. That is why design time and therefore the time-to-market are increased. A new trend that is becoming dominant is to improve layout regularity so that the layouts to be printed are more repetitive and easy to manufacture. Our proposal is to push to the limit layout regularity to minimize manufacturing costs. In section II we will explain in more detail our design proposal that is called Via-Configurable Transistor Array (VCTA). In section III we will show the regularity improvement of our layouts when compared to the conventional layouts. Finally in section IV we provide the conclusion.


Innervation in Prostate Cancer A recent study of a mouse model of prostate cancer uncovers a mechanistic underpinning of the epidemiologic link between the use of beta-blockers and a reduced risk of prostate cancer.


As the rapid development of automotive telematics, modern vehicles are expected to be connected through heterogeneous radio access technologies and are able to exchange massive information with their surrounding environment. By significantly expanding the network scale and conducting both real time and long term information processing, the traditional Vehicular Ad- Hoc Networks U+0028 VANETs U+0029 are evolving to the Internet of Vehicles U+0028 IoV U+0029, which promises efficient and intelligent prospect for the future transportation system. On the other hand, vehicles are not only consuming but also generating a huge amount and enormous types of data, which are referred to as Big Data. In this article, we first investigate the relationship between IoV and big data in vehicular environment, mainly on how IoV supports the transmission, storage, computing of the big data, and in return how IoV benefits from big data in terms of IoV characterization, performance evaluation and big data assisted communication protocol design. We then investigate the application of IoV big data for autonomous vehicles. Finally the emerging issues of the big data enabled IoV are discussed.


This paper,on the basis of marked iconicity,tries to elaborate the stylistic effects of Love Is a Fallacy.Analyses show that marked iconicity finds excellent expression in syntax,rhetorical device and register,which in turn contributes to stylistic effects such as vividness,satire and humor.


This thesis examines the production of bathing beaches with reference to the 1976 European Bathing Water Directive and contemporary trends in environmental policy discourse. The Directive, although currently under revision, seeks to protect bathers by setting mandatory seawater quality standards for designated bathing areas. In contrast to studies in environmental policy, which tend to assess the extent or effectiveness of implementation, the thesis seeks to understand beach management by investigating how bathing areas in Scotland and Spain are connected to the Bathing Water Directive by practices ofbathing area usage and management. The thesis argues that practices of bathing area management such as beach flags and litter collections and practices of bathing area usage such as kayaking and dog-walking are important in producing what has become known as a 'bathing area'. Engaging with current debates on constructivism, the thesis demonstrates how different social constructions of a bathing area are created and coexist. Beach management is shown to be rationalised according to particular ideas of beach cleanliness, order and best practice. Empirical research concentrates upon two fieldstudy sites: Silversands in Scotland and La Elerradura in Spain. Particular attention is paid to beach awards, marine litter collections, and scientific processes of bathing water measurement. The thesis is methodologically based on interviews with beach users, beach managers, environmental regulators, politicians and representatives of coastal conservation charities. Ethnographic notes, participatory research methods and discursive analysis ofpolicy documents are all used to contribute to the empirical evidence. The thesis investigates the materiality of beach flags to show how different interpretations of cleanliness are promoted and represented. It explores how knowledge of bathing areas is created through water quality measurement, litter surveying and personal experience. This knowledge of bathing areas is shown to be dependent on traditional science-based expertise. The thesis claims that expertise is currently used to distance many beach users from expressing their knowledge of potential bathing risks. While revisions to the Bathing Water Directive emphasise public inclusion, the thesis concludes that current practices of bathing area management are not participatory. Findings contribute to a body of work interested in critical evaluation of environmental policy.


A general model of two phase segmentation of images with noises based on binary label function and convex relaxation method is proposed.Its region model is based on the general probability distribution functions including Gaussian,Rayleigh,Poisson and Gamma distribution,and so on.The length term of active contour model is approximated using the total variation of the binary function.In the alternate process of optimization the parameters are estimated.The global minimization is realized via convexification and thresholding techniques,and the Split Bregman algorithm is designed.


Three commercially available ocular decongestant products which contain varying concentrations of a vasoconstrictor (naphazoline hydrochloride) and an antihistamine (antazoline phosphate or pheniramine maleate) were tested for comfort and therapeutic efficacy. Three separate studies were performed: 1) a comfort comparison, 2) a vasoconstrictive efficacy test using an in vivo model of allergic conjunctivitis Induced by compound 48/80, and 3) a clinical trial of therapeutic efficacy In patients with allergic/hay fever conjunctivitis. The three preparations were found to vary greatly In patient comfort and acceptability, but were not different in their ability to amellorate the itching, tearing, redness, edema, and discomfort that occur In human allergic conjunctivitis.


Abstract Standard nonlinear regression techniques were used to fit nine data sets (21 points, cv = 0.001), derived from models that have been used to describe pesticide disappearance from soil, to each of the nine models. Goodness‐of‐fit was assessed using the residual mean square. Four models (3 four parameter and 1 five parameter) were found to be identical in their fit to each of the nine data sets. Additional data sets (21 and 8 points with cv's of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2) were generated for the remaining five models (1 four parameter, 1 three parameter and 3 two parameter) to evaluate the effect of number of observations and noise level on the data‐to‐model identifiability and the parameter estimates. The number of 21 point data sets uniquely identifiable with the model used to produce the data were 5, 3, 2 and 0 at cv's of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. Similar results were observed for the 8 point data sets. At least one parameter was poorly defined in the three and four parameter models b...


Stabilization of the nonlinear generator model was carried out by PIDD2 excitation controller. We've found system stability boundary on proportional control parameter axis and limits of stabilizable voltage surges or slumps on buses. Transients in the neighborhood of the boundary point exhibit five main types of stability and unstable dynamics. Nonlinear closed loop system is unstable to sufficiently small perturbations and turns out to be stable to not too small ones in the instability domain of its linearization. In a certain area the steady-state oscillations amplitude increases while the initial perturbation decreases; it can be regarded as cumulative hunting.


This paper analyzes a new collaborative 'green' governance arrangement known as the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in Ecuador and how this space can be a new site of institutionalizing environmental policies that sanction cases of land dispossession and facilitate incentives for new forms of land enclosures. In Ecuador, the RSPO has emerged as a collaborative governance institution that aims to negotiate the adverse social and environmental effects that can accompany legal and illegal land acquisitions for palm cultivation. The initiative involves major palm oil companies and buyers, the World Wildlife Fund and smaller domestic nongovernmental organizations and calls for actors to prioritize environmental and social 'sustainability' as non‐ negotiable conditions for palm oil development across the region. However, increasing evidence suggests that instead of ameliorating inequalities in the palm oil industry, the RSPO is a market‐ based mechanism that merely 'greens' an already 'shady' business. Furthermore, many point to RSPO meetings as establishing a terrain for 'green grabbing'. This paper engages with Michel Foucault's notion of governmentality to argue that certain disciplining processes that the RSPO regime promotes, such as land‐titling schemes, exclusionary participation, and capitalist meeting culture, can further exacerbate social and environmental conflicts by structuring collaborative debate while establishing qualifying criteria that encloses upon certain opportunities for the future. This paper relies on discourse analysis, participant observation during RSPO meetings, and fieldsite visits to analyze the extent to which this 'power‐sharing' institution is an 'alternative' mechanism in palm oil governance or rather, a vehicle for circulating capitalist perspectives that increasingly structure policy and ultimately encourage and legitimize the material practice of land acquisitions in Ecuador.


In this paper we present the results of experimental studies of the gas-discharge hollow cathode (0.2-0.5 A) for low-power Hall thrusters (LPHET). Measurement campaign has been directed to construct a cathode with minimal power and gas consumption. Cathodes, which do not need the starting preheating system and for which the heating by glow discharge in working conditions is used, have the advantage of very simple construction and therefore will be objects of the reported research. It has been shown that the highest cathode performances were achieved: for Xe pressure inside cathode in the range 40÷60 torr and for emitter current density in the range 15÷25 A/cm 2 . Direct firing tests of cathode emitters in the laboratory conditions, but close to real in the space, carried over more than 1000 hours are presented. It was found that the cathode power supply level did not exceed 5 W and the xenon mass flow rate supplying cathode was not greater than 0.05 mg/s.


Compressed air has in the past been considered as a free resource in heavy vehicles.The recent years work to minimize fuel consumption has however made airconsumption an interesting topic for the manufactures to investigate further. Compressed air has many different applications in heavy vehicles. One importantconsumer of compressed air is the brake system, which would not work at allwithout compressed air. The compressed air is produced by a compressor attachedto the engine. A leakage in the system will force the compressor to work longer,which leads to an increased fuel consumption. It is of large interest to have a diagnosis system that can detect leakages, and ifpossible also provide information about where in the system the leakage is present.This information can then be used to repair the leakage at the next service stop. The diagnosis system that is developed in this thesis is based on model baseddiagnosis and uses a recursive least mean square method to estimate the leakagearea. The results from the validation show that the algorithm works well forleakages of the size 1-10 litres/minute. The innovative isolation algorithm givesfull fault isolation for a five circuit system with only three pressure sensors.


Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. The TiO2 thin films were deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering. These films were post-deposition annealed at different temperatures (300, 500 and 800 °C) toward the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness of TiO2 films went from 2.8 to 8.08 nm when the annealing temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed that the TiO2 films' thickness values fell within the nanometer range (290–310 nm). Based on the results of the tetrazolium dye and trypan blue assays, we found that TiO2 thin films showed no cytotoxicity after the aforementioned culture times at which cell viability was greater than 98%. Independently of the annealing temperature of the TiO2 thin films, the number of CHO-K1 cells on the control substrate and on all TiO2 thin films was greater after 48 or 72 h than it was after 24 h; the highest cell survival rate was observed in TiO2 films annealed at 800 °C. These results indicate that TiO2 thin films do not affect mitochondrial function and proliferation of CHO-K1 cells, and back up the use of TiO2 thin films in biomedical science.


A core component for the prevention of re-occurring incidents within the rail industry is rail safety investigations. Within the current Australasian rail industry, the nature of incident investigations varies considerably between organisations. As it stands, most of the investigations are conducted by the various State Rail Operators and Regulators, with the more major investigations in Australia being conducted or overseen by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). Because of the varying nature of these investigations, the current training methods for rail incident investigators also vary widely. While there are several commonly accepted training courses available to investigators in Australasia, none appear to offer the breadth of development needed for a comprehensive pathway. Furthermore, it appears that no single training course covers the entire breadth of competencies required by the industry. These courses range in duration between a few days to several years, and some were run in-house while others are run by external consultants or registered training organisations. Through consultations with rail operators and regulators in Australasia, this paper will identify capabilities required for rail incident investigation and explore the current training options available for rail incident investigators.


Abstract Copper nanoparticles (Cu) anchored lithium niobate (LiNbO3) nanostructures were prepared by a simple hydrothermal technique. The fine and sparse Cu nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed over the surface of LiNbO3. An effectual anchoring of Cu was evidenced from the acquired reflection planes in diffraction analysis, which clearly indicate the face-centered cubic structure of Cu. The UV-Visible spectrum of LiNbO3 and Cu/LiNbO3 nanocomposites were also studied. When the Cu nanoparticles were doped with LiNbO3/LiTaO3 superlattice system, the change in the dispersion relation was observed theoretically. The characteristics of the polariton dispersion variation with filling factor of Cu nanoparticles concentration were investigated systematically. The importance of the polariton modes in communication sector was analyzed and the occurrence of new modes on the polaritonic gap, where the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is forbidden, were obtained in the system due to the presence of copper nanoparticles.


Lymphocytes collected from rhinitis subjects with strong positive skin reactions to the pollen allergens of Parthenium hysterophorus (American feverfew) having moderate to high titres of Parthenium‐specific serum IgE were analysed for association of HLA‐antigens covering 13 specificities of HLA‐A, 17 specificities of HLA‐B and eight specificities of HLA‐DR loci by the NIH two‐stage microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Comparison of the phenotypic frequencies of HLA‐A and B antigens between Parthenium rhinitis subjects (n= 22) and control subjects (n= 137) did not suggest any significant association when tested for these antigen specificities. A significant correlation in the association of HLA‐DR3 antigen with a relative risk of 11·33, however, was observed in Parthenium rhinitis subjects (n= 30) when compared to controls (n= 50).


Abstract The mechanism of carbon black reinforcement was studied by examining stress-strain properties in SBR 1500 vulcanizates cured while swollen, then de-swollen. Carbon black-polymer attachments started contributing to the modulus of rubber at much higher elongations (ca. 300 per cent for a swelling ratio of 4.0) than in normally cured, unswollen specimens. The modulus in pre-swollen rubbers is considerably lower than in normal vulcanizates but it can be increased by heating the same specimens 30 minutes at 155° C in their de-swollen state. The observed increase in modulus of vulcanizates containing graphitized and regular carbon blacks after such a treatment was found to be related to carbon black "activity" and loading. Bound rubber does not seem to function as a distinct phase contributing to reinforcement, but it can be used as a measure of the number of attachments of carbon black and polymer. Additional information on the molecular mechanism of the phenomenon was obtained through radioactive tra...


Vibrational method avoids thickening during measurement. Report describes measurements of viscoelastic properties of FM-9, a polymer being considered as antimisting agent for jet fuel. Purpose of agent is to prevent formation of flammable mist during aircraft crash.


Purpose: Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture is controversial. Surgery offers low rerupture rates and good functional results, but wound complication rates are as high as 15%. We investigated the surgical outcomes of acute and chronic ruptures to identify a method to decrease wound complications. Methods: Between January 1991 and May 2001, 16 patients with 17 ruptures of the Achilles tendon underwent surgery. Direct end-to-end anastomosis had been done by using running sutures without augmentation, and the skin was closed with subcuticular, continuous 4-0 Dexon suture. Postoperatively, the patients were immobilized for 6 weeks. We retrospectively reviewed their records for acute or chronic rupture, length of operation and hospitalization, and outcomes. Results: Eight patients had acute ruptures, and nine, chronic ruptures. Mean operation time was 44 minutes (range, 30-67 minutes) and 35 minutes (range, 25-55 minutes) for acute and chronic ruptures, respectively. Mean hospitalization was 4.3 days (range, 3-6 days) and 2.8 days (range, 2-4 days), respectively. Two reruptures occurred in patients with chronic injuries. No wound complications occurred. All patients returned to preinjury levels of work and recreational activity. One patient, a professional sprinter, resumed competitive racing after surgical repair and active rehabilitation. Ten patients subjectively rated their results as excellent; five, good; one, fair; and one, poor. Conclusions: Surgery for acute Achilles tendon rupture has excellent results, with no wound complications. Our treatment should be modified in chronic cases to prevent recurrence. Acute repair with active postoperative rehabilitation can achieve excellent results.


Abstract The city planner, in playing his role, engages in a social process which can be analyzed in terms of a planning role, a client role, and a community decision network—all interacting around a public agenda. In the conceptual framework presented here, the planner is viewed as having a primary relationship with his client group, whom he must first motivate. Then, together, the planner-client team must relate to the larger community network, which they attempt to move. Both sets of relationships are affected by role postures, situational factors, and environmental conditions. This analysis suggests that traditional notions of the planner's role are too narrowly focused on substantive methodologies which imply highly simplistic assumptions about the social setting for planning.


A 10-year-old girl with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The stimulant medications used to control her ADHD pose possibly fatal risks to her cardiovascular health, so stimulant medication is stopped. Due to very poor quality of life off of medication, alternative therapies are used without improvement. The patient's caretakers decide that the benefits of stimulant medication outweigh the risks to the patient. The healthcare team clears the patient to be put back on stimulant medication with a signed waiver of liability by her caretakers.


We study the beta functions of the leading, two-derivative terms of the left-gauged SU(N) nonlinear {sigma} model in d dimensions. In d>2, we find the usual Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point for the gauge coupling and an attractive non-Gaussian fixed point for the Goldstone boson coupling. The position of the latter fixed point controls the chiral expansion, unitarity and the strength of the tree-level Goldstone boson scattering amplitudes. For large N the model is weakly coupled, unitary at all energies and well described by the lowest order of chiral perturbation theory. Attention is paid to the gauge and scheme dependence of the results.


Abstract. The article presents the productivity data, the species composition and utilization rates phytocenoses FAR depending on theintegrals of dryness and moisture climate volatility, coefficient of moisture and dynamics of harmful salts in the soil according to years and seasons of the year. Methods. The studies were conducted on light-chestnut carbonate saline soil of Kochubey biosphere stations on the territory of the Terek- Kuma Lowland Precaspianregion in 2011–2013. The calculation of the use of FAR was conducted using the formula A.A. Nichiporovich to determine the theoretically possible yield of plants. Klimatogrammy during these years has been compiled by the method Walter. Stocks above and below ground plant matter into account by the method of A.A.Titlyanova.The names of species given by S.K. Cherepanov. Results. According to the results of our observations, the most important for achieving high productivity ephemeral synusia under these conditions include precipitation for April and May. Between the amount of rainfall in April and May and the productivity of abovegroundphytomass ofephemera direct correlation exists, which in 2011 had a strong, and in the next two years-the average severity. In 2012 the volatility increased, KU fell in 5 times. Such weather conditions contributed to the rise of water-soluble salts to the upper soil horizons and substantial change in species composition phytocenoses. The content Cl


We examine the wealth impact of inside ownership on firms announcing leverage increases by issuing senior securities that retire junior securities. We find the market response to leverage increase announcements is influenced by the percentage of inside ownership. We show that firms with greater inside ownership percentages have greater market responses to the positive news conveyed by leverage increase announcements. Regression analysis indicates that inside ownership percentage is the factor best accounting for the market response. The applicability of this finding should hold throughout the world where inside holding percentages are known at the time of the leverage increase announcements.


Let f be a Maass cusp form for SL2(Z) with Laplace eigenvalue 1/4 + μ 2 f , μf > 0. Let g be an arbitrary but fixed holomorphic or Maass cusp form for SL2(Z). In this paper, we establish the following uniform subconvexity bound for the Rankin-Selberg L-function L(s, f⊗g) L (1/2 + it, f ⊗ g) ≪ (μf + |t|) , where the implied constant depends only on ε and g.


With the advent of modern bright synchrotron radiation sources, X-ray absorption spectra has emerged as a powerful technique for local structure determination, which can be applied to any type of material. The X-ray absorption measurements of four hydroxamic mixed ligand copper complexes have been performed at the recently developed BL-8 Dispersive EXAFS beamline at 2.5 GeV Indus-2 synchrotron at RRCAT, Indore, India. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data obtained has been processed using data analysis program Athena. The energies of the K absorption edge, chemical shifts, edge-widths, shifts of the principal absorption maximum in the complexes have been determined. The values of the chemical shift suggest that copper is in oxidation state +2 in all of the complexes. The chemical shift data has been utilized to estimate effective nuclear charge on copper atom. The order of the chemical shifts has been correlated to the relative ionic character of the bonding in these complexes.


A novel 3D metal−organic coordination polymer constructed from hollow, spherical, nanometer-sized molecular faceted polyhedra and a flexible tetracarboxylate ligand designed to simultaneously assemble and cross-link these nanoballs in situ has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal structure involves 2-fold interpenetration with each framework exhibiting pores of dimensions which vary from less than 1 nm to just over 2.5 nm.


Learning stereochemistry today, especially on the topic of conformational stability, seems to generalize anti, gauched, eclipsed conformations as a general stability order for all acyclic organic molecules. This may be due to the fact that many organic chemistry textbooks only emphasis simple non-polar molecules, like propane or buthane, as examples to explain this topic omitting details for polar ones. This study proposes a simple computer-based technique as a project for students in learning stereochemistry. Applying this fast, open-source, and user-friendly software is highly recommended for promoting the concept and accurately predicting of conformational stability through computer-assisted experiment in the classroom.


Cardiac dysrhythmia and sudden death account for a large proportion of cardiac mortality in dialysis patients. Risk factors for sudden death that are specific to dialysis patients include fluid and electrolyte imbalances during hemodialysis, particularly those of potassium. The risk of arrhythmia may be related to changes in serum K+ concentration during dialysis, and thus close attention should be paid to the dialysate K+ concentration and the serum–dialysate concentration gradient. Potassium profiling is a technique where the dialysate K+ concentration is gradually reduced to keep the gradient between blood and dialysate at a non-fluctuating low level. We provide a review of studies that compare constant potassium concentration in dialysate to gradual reduction in dialysate potassium concentration. These studies illustrate that adequate and more gradual potassium removal can be achieved with potassium profiling techniques, while having lower cardiac irritability.


Abstract To investigate the multiscale effects of freeze–thaw cycles on the mechanical properties and structural damage of paleosols, remodeled paleosol specimens at natural moisture content were subjected to multiple freeze–thaw cycles, followed by scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pore testing, and triaxial shear testing, and then the shear strength deterioration mechanism of paleosols was elaborated on from three aspects: fine, mesoscopic, and macroscopic. The main experimental results were as follows: (1) at the fine level, the NMR T2 spectrum distribution curve showed one primary and two secondary peaks, in which the main spectrum occupied the majority, and the spectrum area showed an exponential function distribution relationship with the number of freeze–thaw cycles. With the accumulation of freeze–thaw cycles, the medium and large pores increased significantly. (2) At the mesoscopic level, when the specimens underwent freeze–thaw cycles, the interparticle contact pattern and particle morphology changed and the particle roundness increased. As the freeze–thaw cycle continued, fissures gradually developed and increased the most after the first freeze–thaw cycle, but the probability entropy of soil particles showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the number of freez–thaw cycles. (3) At the macro level, the number of freeze–thaw cycles gradually accumulated, the specimen stress–strain curve softened significantly, the shear strength deterioration effect was obvious, the deterioration value was the largest after one freeze–thaw cycle and gradually stabilized after 10 cycles, and the deterioration effect of cohesion was greater than that of the internal friction angle.


ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the controlled release of prostaglandin suppository——propess for cervical ripening in prolonged pregnancy. MethodsA case-control study method was used,randomly selected 30 primiparas of cervical immature prolonged pregnancy as the study group ,in which propess was used,30 cases of the same conditions as the control group in which oxytocin traditional method was used for cervical ripening.The maternal cervical Bishop score and maternity informations was compared between the two groups. ResultsAfter use of propess,the cervical Bishop score of the study group was score ≥2 in 24 cases,while 5 cases whose score ≥2 in control group (P0.05); The time from administration to mobilizing labor was (11.50±7.31)h in the study group,the control group was (27.70±7.10)h (P0.05); The total stage of labor in the study group was (12.40±3.52)h,the control group was (11.80±3.60)h(P0.05); The C-sect rate of the study group was 40%,the contral group was 57%(P0.05); There was no significant difference between the two groups in fetal distress rate and neonatal asphyxia rate(P0.05). ConclusionThere were satisfactory results about clinical evaluations of propess for cervical ripening in prolonged pregnancy.


Because NIOSH evaluations of commercial gas detector tubes in past years had indicated widespread inaccuracy and other serious problems with these devices, NIOSH adopted a set of performance and quality control standards for gas detector tubes which commercial tubes must meet in order to be considered acceptable for NIOSH and OSHA use. NIOSH has also established a testing program in Morgantown, West Virginia, for evaluating commercial detector tubes and certifying those brands of tubes which meet NIOSH standards. Some of the most important of these standards are presented in this report.


A graceful labeling of a graph $G=(V,E)$ with $m$ edges is aninjection $f: V(G) rightarrow {0,1,ldots,m}$ such that the resulting edge labelsobtained by $|f(u)-f(v)|$ on every edge $uv$ are pairwise distinct. For natural numbers $n$ and $k$, where $n > 2k$, a generalized Petersengraph $P(n, k)$ is the graph whose vertex set is ${u_1, u_2, cdots, u_n} cup {v_1, v_2, cdots, v_n}$ and its edge set is ${u_iu_{i+1}, u_iv_i, v_iv_{i+k} : 1 leq i leq n }$, where subscript arithmetic is done modulo $n$. We propose a backtracking algorithm with a specific static variable ordering and dynamic value ordering to find graceful labelings for generalized Petersen graphs.Experimental results show that the presented approach strongly outperforms the standard backtracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm is able to find graceful labelings for all generalized Petersen graphs $P(n, k)$ with $n le 75$ within only several seconds.


The 2D-coordination polymer 2∞[Ce2Cl6(bipy)4]·py (bipy = 4, 4′-bipyridine) shows a 5d-4f centered emission in the soft UV-B region. It was synthesized via the reaction of anhydrous CeCl3 and 4, 4′-bipyridine in pyridine under solvothermal conditions. The two-dimensional sheet structure consisting of 4, 4′-bipyridine coordinated Ce2Cl6 dimers closes the gap between the known lanthanum 3∞[La2Cl6(bipy)5]·4bipy framework and the 2D networks of the formula 2∞[Ln2Cl6(bipy)3]·2bipy from praseodymium on. They differ in the number of coordinating bipy linkers, which decreases along La > Ce > Pr, with the remarkable observation that lanthanum, cerium, and praseodymium exhibit different network constitutions. The structure of 2∞[Ce2Cl6(bipy)4]·py exhibits a cem topology constituted of double strands, which are diagonally linked by 4, 4′-bipyridine forming trapezoid cavities in-between the strands. The cavities contain intercalated pyridine molecules.


Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA),applying Systemic Functional Linguistics to its discourse analysis and drawing on New-Marxist and postmodernist thoughts,bears a feature of interdisciplinarity.To discuss this feature in terms of methodology,research group and research topics,this paper is hoped to bring some significant insight to a better understanding of CDA.


In the conditions of the growth of the world population, providing with food becomes the main task of the countries of the world, its solving is connected, among other things, with the development of the resources of the World Ocean and the growing role of fish farming and aquaculture as an additional source of sustainable food supply for the global population. That is why, in the ranking of the most important globally institutionalized sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the fourteenth position out of seventeen, there is the goal – "Sustainable consumption of ocean and sea resources", which is aimed at strengthening the role of world fisheries in solving the problems of global food security and combating hunger and poverty. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the world's fisheries and its contribution to solving the global problem of providing the world's population with food. The article analyzes the dynamics of average annual volumes of world production, use and sales of fishery and aquaculture products over the past thirty years. The specific weight of the continents in the world production of industrial fishing and aquaculture products is determined. The dynamics of fishing, the volumes of import and export of fish and seafood, the structure of production and the level of consumption of fish products by the global population were studied and defined a general increase in the values of these indicators. It was determined that the international trade of fish and fish products is developing against the background of the growth of world trade volumes in total, which is facilitated by the policy of globalization and trade liberalization, shows that the growth of international fish trade is happening rapidly and this emphasizes the important role of this sector of the world economy as a driving force of its economic growth and a significant factor in ensuring global food security. It has been investigated that the extraction of aquatic bioresources under aquaculture conditions during the same period has a clear upward trend, which indicates the dynamic development of fishing, fish farming and aquaculture in coastal waters and inland reservoirs in the TOP-10 countries of the world's fish producers. It is recommended to increase the domestic volume of fish and other living aquatic resources in aquaculture conditions. The main prospects of the world fishery industry are outlined in the implementation of the strategy for the development of the fishery industry for the period up to 2030.


Shape from shading (SfS) and stereo are two fundamentally different strategies for image-based 3-D reconstruction. While approaches for SfS infer the depth solely from pixel intensities, methods for stereo are based on a matching process that establishes correspondences across images. In this paper we propose a joint variational method that combines the advantages of both strategies. By integrating recent stereo and SfS models into a single minimisation framework, we obtain an approach that exploits shading information to improve upon the reconstruction quality of robust stereo methods. To this end, we fuse a Lambertian SfS approach with a robust stereo model and supplement the resulting energy functional with a detail-preserving anisotropic second-order smoothness term. Moreover, we extend the novel model in such a way that it jointly estimates depth, albedo and illumination. This in turn makes it applicable to objects with non-uniform albedo as well as to scenes with unknown illumination. Experiments for synthetic and real-world images show the advantages of our combined approach: While the stereo part overcomes the albedo-depth ambiguity inherent to all SfS methods, the SfS part improves the degree of details of the reconstruction compared to pure stereo methods.