The glyphosate-degrading bacterium, Burkholderia caryophilli PG2982, was observed to utilize glyceryl glyphosate as a sole phosphorus source. The hydrolysis of glyceryl glyphosate to glyphosate by a phosphonate ester hydrolase (PEH) was identified as the first metabolic step in the mineralization pathway. This observation provides the first biological role for a phosphonate ester hydrolase activity. Purified PEH enzyme hydrolyzed several phosphonate esters including p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate, β-naphthyl phenylphosphonate, and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phenylphosphonate. The purified PEH also hydrolyzed some phosphodiesters including p-nitrophenyl 5′-thymidine monophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine. The most catalytically efficient substrate identified was bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate with a Km of 0.9 mM and a kcat of 6.2 × 102 min−1, suggesting that the enzyme may also function in vivo as a phosphodiesterase. The native enzyme was a homotetramer of 58-kDa subunits and exhibited a pI of 4.2. The enzyme activity had a pH activity optimum of 9.0 and was stimulated 14-fold by Mn2+ ions, but a metal cofactor was not essential for activity. N-terminal and tryptic fragment amino acid sequences were obtained from the purified PEH protein and used to clone the B. caryophilli PG2982 gene, designated pehA. The unique substrate specificity of the enzyme and potential use as a novel conditional lethal gene in plants are discussed.


Aiming at the problems of the YOLOv5, such as large model size, enormous amount of computation, and low accuracy of target box regression, a new model with fewer parameters, less computation, faster convergence speed, and higher accuracy was proposed. Firstly, the improved SKConv was used to greatly reduce the number of model parameters and increase the receptive field range of the network. Secondly, C-ECA, an optimized version of the channel attention module ECA, was added to the model to obtain attention information in a cross-channel way, so that the model could more accurately focus on important features among complex features. Then, the MSM structure is designed to effectively improve the feature extraction ability of the network. Finally, the backbone network is deepened to extract more intermediate features, and the depth of the feature pyramid and detection layer are increased accordingly so that the network can make full use of intermediate features and accurately detect more targets. The experimental results show that compared with YOLOv5s, the number of parameters of the final models is reduced by 18.6%, and the calculation amount is reduced by 8.1%, and when tested on the VOC2007 test dataset, email@example.com and email@example.com:0.95 improved by 3.3 percentage points and 5.6 percentage points, respectively. The improved model has significantly improved the ability of target detection in various complex environments and realizes the target detection model with low parameters and high accuracy, which provides important ideas for the design of lightweight target detection networks.


NEUROSCIENCE Correction to Supporting Information for "Coiled-coil structuredependent interactions between polyQ proteins and Foxo lead to dendrite pathology and behavioral defects," by Min Jee Kwon, Myeong Hoon Han, Joshua A. Bagley, Do Young Hyeon, Byung Su Ko, Yun Mi Lee, In Jun Cha, Seung Yeol Kim, Dong Young Kim, Ho Min Kim, Daehee Hwang, Sung Bae Lee, and Yuh Nung Jan, which was first published October 22, 2018; 10.1073/ pnas.1807206115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:E10748–E10757). The authors note that, in the SI Appendix, page 1, second full paragraph, line 5, "Fig. S2C" should have appeared instead as "Fig. 4A;" on page 6, first full paragraph, line 18, "Fig. S4C" should have appeared instead as "Fig. S5C;" on page 7, first full paragraph, line 9, "Fig. S4A" should have appeared instead as "Fig. S5A;" and on page 8, first paragraph, line 7, "Fig. S4E" should have appeared instead as "Fig. S5E." The SI Appendix has been corrected online.


Subtitle: Lowering logistics costs at Hong Kong port is crucial if it is to remain competitive in the long term, but more immediately is the need for additional land to bolster stacking capacity at the main terminals. Rebecca Moore assesses the port's needs and the implications for shippers should both goals be achieved.


Objective The sex mix of the pharmacy workforce has altered significantly over the last 60 years such that in 2005 54% of the practising pharmacy workforce was female. After the age of 30 years, part‐time working is common and it is often assumed that pharmacy working attracts and suits women because it is flexible and family friendly. This paper aims to explore to what extent that is true.


We study the large-scale long-time properties of turbulent motion in a symmetric miscible binary fluid, driven by random stirring fields with correlations and corresponding to the modified Navier-Stokes equation and the convection equation, by means of dynamic renormalization-group (RG) analysis. Unlike the Yakhot-Orszag RG theory, the stability of a fixed point is now determined by both the parameters y and . Furthermore, the stability now depends on the space dimensionality because of renormalization of the extra coupling, which is a consequence of non-vanishing diagrams in the infrared limit. The Kolmogorov spectra, obtained for y = 4 and , is found to be infrared stable against the active dynamics, and corresponds to a stable fixed point with y>0 and in dimension three. The stability condition for the Kolmogorov spectra in infinite dimensions becomes , differing from the magneto-hydrodynamic case where the Kolmogorov spectrum is only marginally stable in infinite dimensions. There is no other infrared stable fixed point which could be associated with the equipartition spectra of the energies of the velocity and the concentration gradient fields.


The results of a finite spin Ising model calculation, in which the effects of disorder are introduced through various moments of the effective field distribution, are presented for the case of a ferromagnetic ground state. These calculations confirm the existence of critical peaks in the susceptibility above TC, the analysis of which can be used to extract the critical indices γ, β, and δ. The systematic behavior of the simulated data reproduces that observed experimentally in the PdMn system, and indicates that the region of validity of scaling behavior is confined to a progressively smaller region of the (m, h, t) diagram as one moves away from the purely ferromagnetic limit.


The paper presents the problem of the development of the innovative economy in the Altai Region. The author identifies opportunities, basic principles as well as strategic objectives for the gradual transition of the Region to the innovative economy, determines prospects for the inclusion of small business in the process.


There are many poetic verses attributed to Al-Zahra' (PBUH) in several ways, some of which are heard directly from her (PBUH), and some of them through transmission, and from them through vision, or through intuition and conjecture.The researcher has excluded a number of poems attributed to Al-Zahraa, peace be upon her, which do not include scientific standards, and the approved documentary controls in attributing poetry to its speaker, as will be evident in the research plan.


ABSTRACTLuxury brands following years of diversification have recently discovered that contemporary art represents their interests by associating art with luxury artifacts. This attaches intangible values to mundane products by shrouding them with art in the artification process. Contemporary art, on the other hand, has become more of a business network operating within the rules of the market economy. It has become a common practice for luxury brands to collaborate with contemporary artists by staging exhibitions of contemporary art in their purpose-built exhibition halls that serve as inspiration for their creative directors to develop merchandise ranges. In China, a novel retail concept of the art malls has emerged. Private art patrons, developers, state authorities and luxury brands have entered into partnerships. Luxury brands eager to tap into the lucrative markets of Chinese cities, have discovered that art malls best serve their purposes as experiential retailing takes center stage. The partnering actors in both luxury brands and Chinese art mall developers have managed to institute a remarkable business model in the form of a transcontinental network. By capturing value, network participants have generated network capital, which has led them to sources of competitive advantage. In this arrangement, Aesthetic Capitalism has prevailed where the orchestration of excitement takes center stage thus, circumventing the purer intentions of the Creative Economy promulgated by the United Nations.


Point Contact Spectroscopy Measurements of Ba(Fe0.96Co0.04)2As2 Single Crystals P. Szabóa,∗, J. Girovský, Z. Pribulová, T. Samuely, S.L. Bud'ko, P.C. Canfield and P. Samuely Centre of Low Temperature Physics, IEP Slovak Academy of Sciences & P.J. Šafárik University Watsonova 47, SK-04353 Košice, Slovakia Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Point contact spectroscopy results are presented on the electron underdoped Ba(Fe0.96Co0.04)2As2 single crystals. Two superconducting energy gaps with coupling values 2∆1 ∼ kTc ≈ 2.55 and 2∆2 ∼ kTc ≈ 11 at Tc = 15.5 K have been observed in the point contact spectra. The temperature dependence of the normal state background of the point contact spectra observed between Tc and TN indicates antiferromagnetic origin of the V-shaped minimum at zero bias. PACS numbers: 74.50.+r, 74.70.Ad, 74.62.Dh


After rising drainage shaft of tailing dam,new-old concrete bonding is a vulnerable spot and its bonding strength less than one of integrally casting concrete.In view of this problem,preliminary analysis and research were made.


The parameters of ecological plasticity and stability of the "yield" trait of winter rye varieties are considered in the article. During 2014…2016 in the conditions of the Republic of Komi on the fields of the Sysolsky SVTA the next varieties of winter rye were investigated: Falenskaya 4, Rada, Flora, Graphinya – bred in North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Bereginya – bred in VIR named after N.I. Vavilov and FSUE "Kotlasskoye", Podarok – bred in "TatNIISH". The soils of the experimental field are sod-podzolic medium loamy. Meteorological conditions in the years of study had contrasting indices during the growing season of winter rye both in amount of precipitation and in temperature regime. In 2016 the most favorable with moisture and heat availability all the tested varieties obtained the highest grain yield of 3.32-4.00 t/ha (b i = 1.0) change their yield in full accordance with changes in environmental conditions. Based on the results of the study of ecological parameters the variety Graphinya which has high ecological plasticity and stability is the most valuable for the conditions of the Komi Republic; it is responsive to changing environmental conditions and shows the highest yield.


Mono-acid incorporated calix[4]arene has been successfully established as the catalyst for the synthesis of 8-imino-1-one acridine derivatives obtained by the condensation of enaminoketones and aldehydes (2 : 1 ratio). In this paper, we report the synthesis of a new member of the acridine family, the 8-imino-1-one acridines. A library of these compounds has been synthesized with diversified functionalities using green methodology.


Molybdenum glycol complexes are synthesized by reacting ammonium molybdate with alkylene glycol and characterized by IR and UV Vis. Propylene has been epoxidized in the liquid phase with cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of molybdenum glycol complex catalyst. Molybdenum glycol complexes have stronger acidity and can decompose cumene hydroperoxide. Adding basic additives into the reactants may hinder the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide. Molybdenum glycol catalysts prepared with different glycols have different acidities and catalytic properties. Molybdenum propylene glycol catalyst (alcohol/molybdenum mass ratio is 4) containing lower than 10% of water and lower than 150 mg KOH/ mL cat . of acidity sites, has almost similar catalytic property for the epoxidation of propylene.


The optical polarization properties of second-harmonic generation at normal incidence have been used to characterize the symmetry of electrodeposited monolayers of zinc and thallium on Ag(111) while the sample was under electrochemical control. Our technique involves a non-conventional-wave method with standard weak optical signal detection. The overlayers exhibit a strongly bound monolayer phase that can be experimentally separated from the multilayer growth condition. Both metals grow with a C3v symmetry that is aligned with the substrate at low coverage. This is maintained for higher coverages in the case of Tl but changes for Zn. These results are consistent with an epitaxial 8.6% expanded hexagonal monolayer for Zn, followed by a return to the Zn lattice constant at higher coverage. However, we propose that Tl grows with a coincidence lattice that is (6 × 6)–25 Tl for all coverages studied in this experiment (up to five layers).


Many time‐domain signals can be modeled as a sum of sinusoids whose main parameters are amplitude and frequency. The frequency can be obtained from the linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters by the pole location in the Z‐domain. Although intuition dictates that the amplitude could also be obtained from the LPC parameters, there appears to be no information available that would allow its computation. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the LPC parameters and the amplitude of a wave in the time domain. In order to accomplish this, the power spectrum obtained using the LPC method was plotted against the FFT spectrum of vibrato samples. They were then compared, and several parameters of the LPC spectrum were changed until both spectra matched. From these matched spectra, the wave amplitude was obtained. This new method was then used in an application to determine the time‐varying amplitude of the vibrato wave. This served two purposes: first, to verify the accuracy of th...


The invention discloses an account information security management method and a system. The method comprises steps: when a financial terminal is judged to trigger a warning message, the position information of the financial terminal is acquired according to the warning message; and an alarm is given according to the position information. By adopting the account information security management method and the system provided by the invention, when a user encounters a dangerous situation, the warning message is triggered at the financial terminal, information of the position where the user encounters the dangerous situation is acquired, and an alarm is given according to the position information of the user. Thus, the alarm giving position can be timely acquired, and personal safety of the user can be ensured.


Chemical quality parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N); pH) and proximate composition (moisture, fat, protein content) of frozen Barbus (Barbus luteus) mince balls, packed with and without vacuum, were studiedfor a period of 6 months. Sensory evaluations (appearance, odour, juiciness, flavour, texture, and general acceptance) were carried out for 3 times throughout the experiment. The quality parameters were found to be below the rejection limit. No changes in lipid and protein were detected during the storage period (p > 0.05). The fish balls packed with and without vacuum were edible up to 180 days of storage in terms of sensory analysis results.


After more than four years of robust recovery, the farm economy turned down in 1991 and the slump seems likely to continue in 1992. Farm income slipped more than 5 percent due to a drop in livestock profits and just an average year for crop producers. The earnings slide came after farm income posted record highs in three of the past four years. Farmland values stalled in 1991 after four years of solid gains, further underscoring the end of the farm recovery. Despite the backslide in 1991, the farm economy remains on solid financial footing. Farm balance sheets remain healthy after more than five years of high income and debt reduction. Most farm lenders have very few problem loans heading into 1992. And even though farm income may edge a bit lower, crop prices are improving and could soar if exports strengthen or bad weather cuts crop yields. Thus, U.S. agriculture seems likely to endure at least two years of downturn--but is well positioned to do so. THE FARM DOWNTURN OF 1991 The 1991 farm downturn was widely shared in U.S. agriculture, but livestock producers felt the biggest blow. Strong livestock prices were the main strength of farm income the past three years, so a sharp break in cattle and hog prices in late summer hit one of the pillars of the farm recovery. Crop producers, meanwhile, contended with a wet spring and dry summer but managed to harvest average crops overall. As farm income slipped and farmland values stalled, farm balance sheets weakened. A SHARP DROP IN LIVESTOCK PRICES The slump in livestock prices was a tale of supply and demand (Chart 1). (Chart 1 omitted) Meat supplies rose 3 percent to a record high, while consumer demand weakened due to the recession. Consumers shopped for value, but per capita consumption still climbed to a record 215.6 pounds. The drop in cattle and hog prices was especially pronounced. An unusual surge in fed cattle marketings caused cattle prices to fall nearly 15 percent in August before recovering somewhat later in the year. Hog prices fell about a third from summer to fall as producers expanded production after two years of wide profit margins. Beef production increased 1 percent in 1991 amid signs that producers were expanding the nation's cattle herd for the first time in many years. The main reason for the rise in beef output was that producers sent heavier cattle to market. In late spring, feedlot operators began holding back marketings, hoping for higher prices. Soon, a backlog of heavy cattle developed. Prices fell sharply in late summer as producers sent a large wave of cattle to market. By fall, the backlog had been worked off, and prices recovered somewhat. For the year as whole, beef carcass weights averaged almost 700 pounds, shattering the old record. Year-average cattle prices fell in 1991, but not as much as the summer sell-off would suggest. Finished cattle prices climbed to a record high in the first quarter and remained fairly strong through most of the summer. Prices for choice steers at Omaha averaged $75 a hundredweight, down $3.50 from 1990 (Table 1). (Table 1 omitted.)High prices for feeder cattle and huge lossesin the third quarter caused most feedlots to lose money in 1991. Feeder cattle prices were surprisingly strong in 1991, making ranching one of U.S. agriculture's strongest performers for the year. Large financial losses in cattle feeding in the second half of the year pushed feeder cattle prices down only modestly because feeder cattle remained in tight supply. Prices for feeder steers at Oklahoma City averaged $93, up from $92 in 1990. Ranching profits have stayed strong for three to four years. Arise in cattle inventories in 1991, the first increase since 1982, suggests that ranchers are beginning to expand in response to the string of profits. Pork producers expanded aggressively in 1991, boosting pork production 4 percent. Long anticipated, the expansion received a cool market reception. …


The current randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a postural education program on daily life habits related to low back pain (LBP) in children. Reducing the disease burden of unspecific LBP in children is of major public health relevance, as children with episodes of LBP tend to experience chronic back pain in adulthood. The study was performed in Majorca (Spain), with 253 primary school children aged between 10 and 12 years. The sample was selected from different clusters (schools) using convenience sampling and randomly distributed into an experimental group (5 schools) or a control group (5 schools). Individual postural items did not improve after the intervention in the experimental group, nor did they improve in the control group. Neither did they improve postural habits score in both groups after the intervention. In conclusion, this telematic intervention has not managed to improve postural habits in children. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence to determine whether it is feasible to carry out telematics intervention that promotes lifestyle changes in children.


In the call for papers to this special issue of LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory on literature and American exceptionalism, the editors describe American exceptionalism as an under-theorized subject within literary studies. They challenge the contributors to this volume to reflect upon ''the place of literature in the past and present debates surrounding US exceptionalist thinking.'' Individually and collectively, the essays the editors have selected for inclusion disclose the significance of American exceptionalism to the production and reception of American literature. But as Joseph Darda attests in his splendid introduction, ''Narratives of Exception in the Warfare State,'' the contributors have decided to engage the version of American exceptionalism that emerged after 9=11. With remarkable range and acuity, each of these essayists offers impressively fresh and persuasive readings of the ways contemporary and canonical American writers have either anticipated or directly engaged the temporal, spatial, and subjective dilemmas inherent to post-9=11 American exceptionalism. Since all of the essays in this volume either explicitly acknowledge or allude to the ways in which the events that took place on September 11, 2001 influenced received understandings of American exceptionalism, I will begin these prefatory remarks with a brief account of the version of American exceptionalism that took hold after 9=11. American exceptionalism is the name of the foundational state fantasy responsible for the production, narration, interpretation, regulation, and transformation of the United States' imagined national identity. The narrative matrix of American exceptionalism consists of a constellation of foundational tropes––''Virgin Land,'' ''Redeemer Nation,'' ''American Adam,'' ''Nature's Nation,'' ''Errand into the Wilderness''––invented to sustain the American


People use space (e.g., left–right, up-down) to think about a variety of non-spatial concepts like time, number, similarity, and emotional valence. These spatial metaphors can be used to inform the design of user interfaces, which visualize many of these concepts in space. Traditionally, researchers have relied on patterns in language to discover habits of metaphorical thinking. However, advances in cognitive science have revealed that many spatial metaphors remain unspoken, shaping people's preferences, memories, and actions independent of language – and even in contradiction to language. Here we argue that cognitive science can impact our everyday lives by informing the design of physical and digital objects via the spatial metaphors in people's minds. We propose a simple principle for predicting which spatial metaphors organize people's non-spatial concepts based on the structure of their linguistic, cultural, and bodily experiences. By leveraging the latent metaphorical structure of people's minds, we can design objects and interfaces that help people think.


One of the primary goals of the Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) experiments was to determine the thermal inertia of the surface (1). Global thermal inertia measurements provide a means of studying the spatial variations in effective particle sizes across the planet. As previously discussed, a wide range of surface properties, including the abundance of rocks and bonding of surface materials, can contribute to differences in thermal inertia (1; 2; 3; 4). Nonetheless, the thermal inertia does provide a means for assessing the properties of the martian surface materials, and for investigating surface processes.


This reasonably brief neurology textbook has a problem-oriented format with occasional topic-oriented chapters. The book is directed at "medical students, house officers, and physicians who undertake to manage patients with neurological disorders." The text can be read in a short time, which might make it useful for students on brief rotations or for those in other specialties who desire a lucid "core text" of neurology. It will not suffice as a major reference for neurologists, nor was it intended to. Chapters have the continuity associated with single-authored texts. Dr Scheinberg mentions his own anecdotal experience fairly infrequently, instead collating information from the major papers in the literature. References for each chapter are arranged categorically, but statements in the text proper are not cited individually. The chapter on the neurological examination is brief and should be read in conjunction with similar chapters in larger neurological texts. Cerebrovascular disease is covered nicely


The tetrachloroferrate salt of the [(SeCl)2N]+ cation, [(SeCl)2N][FeCl4] (1), has been prepared and structurally characterized. The [(SeCl)2N]+ cation exists in a C2v "u"- shaped geometry with the following structural parameters: d(Se-Cl) = 2.16 A, d(SeN) = 1.70 A,· (ClSeN) = 108° and· (SeNSe) = 147°. The harmonic vibrational frequencies for two isomers ("u" and "s" isomer) have been computed by ab initio methods and are compared with the experimental IR and Raman spectra.


I discussab initio studies of light nuclei in large-scale No-Core Shell Model c alculations on supercomputers with extrapolations to the infinite model space (N o-Core Full Configuration approach). The convergence at the end of p shell and beginning of the sd shell can be achieved if only reasonable soft enough NN interactions are used. In particular, good predictions are obtained with a realistic JISP16NN interaction obtained inJ-matrix inverse scattering approach and fitted to reproduce light nuclei observables without three-nucleon forces. We discuss some recent results obtained with thisNN interaction.


In present work, a coupled model of groundwater flow, thermal transport, and geochemical transport through saturated-unsaturated media, HYDROGEOCHEM, has been employing to simulate the uranium adsorption on the MX-80 bentonite. The numerical experiments were performed with different sodium and hydrogen concentrations. Uranium concentrations were kept below 10 mol/L to avoid precipitation of amorphous uranium-hydroxide. Adsorption of uranium on the bentonite shows significant dependency on sodium concentration, because of the competition between uranium and sodium ions. The numerical simulations of uranium transport in the MX-80 bentonite have also been proposed with deep groundwater condition. The simulation shows that the retention capacity of MX-80 bentonite and also demonstrate the capacity of HYDROIGEOCHEM model for simulation radionuclide migration in the near-field system.


This article discusses the importance of a recent conference on Katherine Mansfield, held in the South of France, which commemorated the centenary of the author's visit, as well as the writing of one of her most celebrated stories, 'Prelude', which would later be published as a standalone book by Virginia And Leonard Woolf at the Hogarth Press, as their second publication.


This article discusses the practice of abortion in a popular context as a strategy of caring for oneself, by analyzing the life story of Helena, a working class woman whose trajectory is marked by gender violence and social inequality. It deals with the understanding and practices of sexual and reproductive life events, such as "menses", "provoking menstruation", "abortion", "having children" and "having a partner", in order to understand the management undertaken at the intersection of hegemonic codes, daily practices, and modes of surviving solitude and violence.


Objective
To analyze the difference of communication abilities of medical students who participate different sports, the paper explored the influence of physical exercises on improving medical students' communication abilities, in order to provide reference for the adjustment and optimization of the physical education in medical colleges and universities.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation, sports participation, communication skills and listening skills of 384 medical students in a medical college in Beijing.

Results
The medical students who participates in the difficult and beautiful event group such as aerobics and the group competitive antagonistic sports such as football and basketball and net competitive antagonistic sports such as badminton and table tennis showed significant better communication abilities than that of the medical students have no physical exercises.

Conclusions
The medical students who participate physical exercises have significant better communication abilities than those have no physical exercises. Difficult and beautiful event group such like aerobics and group competitive antagonistic sports such as football and basketball have a high likelihood of significantly improving medical students' communication abilities.

Key words:
Medical students; Physical exercises; Communication abilities; Communication skills; Listening skills


This is study on the effect of other people's activities on elderly dementia residents by the behavior tracking survey with automated face recognition technology. 1.The majority of the activities found in the common space were "inaction", and "conversation". The expressions in "inaction" had the lowest SI (Smile Index). 2. The higher ability residents had the greater the SI measured. Residents with less ability in ADL exhibited lower SI. 3. This indicates that there is difference in facial expression, though "inaction" seemed a uniformly non-active state. 4. Residents had high SI when watching " conversation" "conversation and housework" or "caretaker's action".


Agricultural maintenance service network is built by the manufacturer to provide timely maintenance for failed machinery. However, maintenance demands increase sharply in the busy farming season due to continuous agricultural production, and service vehicles are provided by the manufacturer to compensate for the inadequate capacity of existing service facilities. This paper focuses on dynamic moving and geographical distributed agricultural machinery and considers the static and dynamic service facilities location and service unit districting problem. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming to minimize total service costs, including vehicle transfer costs and service mileage costs, which consider dynamic demands and contiguity constraints. To solve the complex problem, an effective solution algorithm integrating genetic algorithm and tabu search method is designed to select the location of static service stations and service vehicles. The service districting problem is addressed simultaneously. Last, apractical application in Henan is introduced to verify the application of the proposed approach and computational results are illustrated to demonstrate the sensitivity analysis in the real case.


Every person has wondered whether idealism without naïveté or realism without cynicism is possible. In common parlance, utopia is not only eu-topic (a place of the good), but also forever a-topic (without place). Who is right: the idealist who believes, or the realist who disbelieves, in the possibility of a perfect society? This article suggests that utopia both is and is not possible. There are two ways to understand the idea of a "perfect society." In an absolutely perfect society there is no reality of sin. Given this reality, however, in some societies it nonetheless is easier to be good. Thus, a certain level of perfection is possible: the best possible level. The often ignored principle of the two levels of perfection may diffuse tensions, close off powerful temptations towards naïveté and cynicism, and give birth to new openings in political and theological discussion.


The invention discloses a partial discharge acquisition method and apparatus. The partial discharge acquisition method comprises the following steps: acquiring pulse waveform data; detecting whether the amplitude of pulse waveforms in the pulse waveform data is greater than a noise threshold; and if it is detected that the amplitude of the acquired pulse waveforms is greater than the noise threshold, taking the pulses whose pulse waveform amplitude is greater than the noise threshold as partial discharge pulses. According to the invention, the problem of difficulty in distinguishing the partial discharge pulses and interference pulses in the prior art is solved, and the effect of accurately distinguishing the partial discharge pulses and the interference pulses is achieved.


The nationalization of religious properties; churches, convents and monasteries, signifying the decline and the end of the religious orders and a selling-off (by auction) of their properties was a universal phenomenon that took place in several countries in different times. In Portugal, this process occurred in 1834 and has contributed greatly to urban transformations. The changing of European cities in the transition to the twenty century has some aspects in common, such as is the resultant transformation of the compact urban fabric to a city with the duality between centre and suburbs, but there are others which are unique and Santarém is one such case. This uniqueness lies not in the result but in the cause of the change: this process means the re-using, transforming and rebuilding of religious spaces and their functions in order to meet new demands for the city. If on the one hand a bullfighting arena, some military buildings or even a prison were the new facilities of the suburbs, a theatre, an archaeological museum, a bank agency, a high school or a housing area for the bourgeoisie on the other hand were to become the new architecture of the city centre in the religious spaces. All the examples mentioned above were to lead to the adjustment of city limits. The city limits ceased to be identified in relation to the city-walls and the concept of a new city was formed by an internal dualism between city centre and suburbs. This process made the example of this city unique and caused a series of unique urban changes. During this peculiar socio-political process in Santarém, the new commercial bourgeoisie arose and its strong desire for land-ownership and buying-up the religious spaces. There were a large number of convents and their location was both inside and outside the city-walls. The city geography was this: it lay on a platform on top of the hill above the Tagus River and this brought in turn some unexpected beauty and quality to the urban design. The transformation of religious spaces was a key factor in urban design. This change occurred within the context of a bourgeoisie in full social ascent, who had their own ambitions for the city. Consequently, the city was fragmented into different spatial areas having different social characters: the city centre was beautiful, regular, healthy and desirable; the suburbs were irregular, unhealthy and a bidonville for citizens with little means.


Investigation of multi-phase fluid flow through fractured and fissured porous media existing in rock and soil layers plays a key role in diverse applications of geotechnical engineering and energy engineering (Zienkiewicz et al. 1988, Chalaturnyk et al. 1992, Chalaturnyk & Scott 1995, Khoei et al. 2004, ZambranoNarvaez & Chalaturnyk 2012, Azad & Chalaturnyk 2012, Salimzadeh 2018). In particular, in fractured unconventional petroleum reservoirs such as inter-crystalline sandstone, coal, carbonate and shale formations, it is vitally important to develop numerical models to analyze coupled hydro-mechanical multiphase fluid flow in these formations considering the slippage and separation of intact rock as well as complex deformable fracture networks taking into account compressible multi-phase fluid flow governed by fluid pressure gradient, viscous forces, gravity, surface tension and capillary pressure effects as well as stress and displacement changes. Most of the numerical studies trying to simulate these behaviors have suffered from shortcomings arising from incompressible multi-phase fluid assumption, negligence of geomechanical effects, idealized fracture networks or single-phase fluid assumption without proper consideration of matrix-matrix, matrix-fracture and fracture-fracture multi-phase fluid transfer so far (Snow 1965, Barenblatt & Zheltov 1960, Kazemi et al. 1969, Damjanac 1996, Karimi-Fard et al. 2004, Sandve et al. 2012, Liu et al. 2016, Khoei et al. 2018).


Data from a new space mission measuring integrated light-use efficiency could provide a breakthrough in understanding of global carbon, water, and energy dynamics, and greatly improve the accuracy of model predictions for terrestrial carbon cycles and climate. Over the past decade, Gamon and others have shown that changes in photo-protective pigments are sensitive indicators of declines in light-use efficiency of plants and plant canopies. The requirements for integrated diurnal measurements from space need to be defined, before a space mission can be formulated successfully using this concept. We used towerbased CO2 flux data as idealized proxies for remote measurements, examining their sampling properties. Thousands of half-hourly CO2 flux measurements are needed before their average begins to converge on an average annual net CO2 exchange. Estimates of daily integrated fluxes (i.e., diurnal curves) are more statistically efficient, especially if the spacing between measured days is quasiregular, rather than random. Using a few measurements per day one can distinguish among days with different net CO2 exchanges. Fluxes sampled between mid-morning to mid-afternoon are more diagnostic than early morning or late afternoon measurements. Similar results (correlation >0.935) were obtained using 2 measurements per day with high accuracy ([:plusmn:]5%), 3 measurements per day with medium accuracy ([:plusmn:] 10%), or 5 measurements per day at lower accuracy ([:plusmn:]20%). An observatory in a geosynchronous or near-geosynchronous orbit could provide appropriate observations, as could a multi-satellite constellation in polar orbits, but there is a potential trade-off between the required number of observations per day and quality of each observation.


In this study, two approaches to investigating the process cooling of a heated sphere were performed using air as well as air/water mist two-phase flow. Steady-state and unsteady heat transfer analysis were compared in the terms of the aver-age surface temperature and heat transfer rate between the sphere surfaces and the cooling fluid. When the Bi < 0.1, the temperature variation inside sphere can be neglected and the wildly known lumped capacitance model can be applied to estimate the heat transfer coefficient by measuring the sphere surface temperature. The effect of the different factors such as the inlet Reynolds numbers, surface temperature and water mist rate on heat transfer characteristics are examined. The experimental results showed that the presence of water mist leads to a significant increase in heat transfer rate over the use of air coolant alone. Also, the un-steady thermal behaviors of the water mist impingement on the heated surface and dynamic-state of cooling process changing over the sphere surface were analyzed experimentally based on the unsteady surface temperature measurements. The experimental results of the unsteady heat transfer were compared to the results obtained from steady-state estimation under the corresponding surface temperature of the sphere. Moreover, the new proposed empirical correlation for the Nusselt number based on the present experimental data are given for practical uses. Results reasonably agree well within ?3.8%.


1: Background: Currently electronic cigarettes are becoming popular and being debated concerning their role in smoking cessation. The electronic cigarette also known as e-cigarette, which is electronic nicotine delivery system. A mechanical device designed to mimic regular cigarettes, looks like conventional cigarette, delivers nicotine through inhaling vapors without burning tobacco. Globally, as well as in the US, tobacco smoking has been the leading cause of preventable death (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014). In the USA, in the year 2015, an estimated 5 million middle and high school students were current users of all kinds of tobacco products, out of which 3 million students used e-cigarettes (Tushar Singh 2015). Objective: To assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth. Methods: National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) data is used. Peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2016 were identified through electronic database Medline, and Pub-Med on the electronic cigarettes were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The trend of e-cigarette use has been increasing steeply among youth. It is observed that smoking incidence would rise with the grade. In the year 2015, about 45% of 12 graders experimented e-cigarettes. A total of 24.3% females and 29.3% male students reported experimented e-cigarettes in the year 2015. Significantly more Mexicans, and Native Hawaiians, and fewer Asians tried e-cigarettes compared to the rest. There was no significant difference in experimenting e-cigarettes among Whites versus non-whites and African American versus non-


The problem of satisfying connectivity demands on a graph while respecting given constraints has been a pillar of the area of network design since the early seventies [45, 14, 13, 12, 41]. The problem of degree-bounded spanning tree, introduced in Garey and Johnson's Black Book of NP-Completeness [37], was first investigated in the pioneering work of Fürer and Raghavachari [17] (Allerton'90). In the degree-bounded spanning tree problem, the goal is to construct a spanning tree for a graph G = (V,E) with n vertices whose maximal degree is the smallest among all spanning trees. Let b∗ denote the maximal degree of an optimal spanning tree. Fürer and Raghavachari [17] give a parallel approximation algorithm which produces a spanning tree of degree at most O(log(n)b∗). Agrawal, Klein, and Ravi ([1]) consider the following generalizations of the problem. In the degree-bounded Steiner tree problem we are only required to connect a given subset T ⊆ V . In the even more general degree-bounded Steiner forest problem the demands consist of vertex pairs, and the goal is to output a subgraph in which for every demand there is a path connecting the pair. They design an algorithm that obtains a multiplicative approximation factor of O(log(n)). Their main technique is to reduce the problem to minimizing congestion under integral concurrent flow restrictions and to then use the randomized rounding approach due to Raghavan and Thompson ([43]). Shortly after the work of Agrawal et al., Fürer and Raghavachari [18] significantly improved the result for degree-bounded Steiner forest by presenting an algorithm which produces a Steiner forest with maximum degree at most b∗ + 1. They show that the same guarantee carries over to the directed variant of the problem as well. Their result is based on reducing the problem to that of computing a sequence of maximal matchings on certain auxiliary graphs. This result settles the approximability of the problem, as computing an optimal solution is NP-hard even in the spanning tree case. In this paper, we initiate the study of degree-bounded network design problems in an online setting, where connectivity demands appear over time and must be immediately satisfied. We first design a deterministic algorithm for online degree-bounded Steiner forest with a logarithmic competitive ratio. Then we show that this competitive ratio is asymptotically best possible by proving a matching lower bound for randomized algorithms that already holds for the Steiner tree variant of the problem. In the offline scenario, the results of Fürer, Raghavachari [17, 18] and Agrawal, Klein, Ravi [1] were the starting point of a very popular line of work on various degree-bounded network design problems [34, 20, 40, 31, 27, 15]. We refer the reader to the next sections for a brief summary. One particular variant that has been extensively studied is the edge-weighted degree-bounded spanning tree. Initiated by Marathe et al. ([34]), in this version, we are given a weight function over the edges and a bound b on the maximum degree of a vertex. The goal


This work aims to provide a better understanding of the low pressure discharge lamps. We will interest particularly in low pressure discharge filled with pure rare gas only : neon, argon and xenon. We have developed a collisionnal radiative model based mainly on the system formed by the balance equations of particles densities and the balance equation of energy. By solving this system we can then calculates the basic parameters that describe the positive column. In this model, we choose a simplified atomic structure for the emitting atom. That means, we describe the atom with the first fourteen energy levels. Another hypothesis is that we have supposed an infinite positive column in order to avoid electrodes phenoma's problems. The different parameters describing the plasma are shown when changing dimensions of the tube, the nature of the filling gas and the electrical input parameters. We can then deduce the optimal operating conditions for the low pressure mercury less discharge lamps


The use of cesium in negative hydrogen ion sources and the resulting cesium dynamics caused by the evaporation and redistribution in the vacuum and plasma phase makes a reliable and on‐line monitoring of the cesium amount in the source highly desirable. For that purpose, a robust and compact laser absorption setup suitable for the ion source environment has been developed utilizing the Cs D2 resonance line at 852.1 nm. First measurements are taken in a small laboratory plasma chamber with cesium evaporation. A detection limit of ≈5×1013 m−3 at a typical path length of 15 cm has been obtained with a dynamic range of more than three orders of magnitude, limited by line saturation at high densities. For on‐line monitoring an automatic data analysis is established achieving a temporal resolution of 100 ms. The setup has then been applied to the ITER prototype ion sources developed at IPP. It is been shown that the method is well suited for routine measurements revealing a new insight into the cesium dynamics ...


As the price of petroleum rising,the surfactants derived from biologic oil and starch have drawn more and more attention.The production and application technology of green surfactants such as MES,FMEE,APG,PGFE and oleic acids etc.are getting skilled.The green surfactants will gradually replace traditional petroleum-based surfactant(ABS,AEO etc.) in all kinds of cleaning products.The application of new and green surfactants will promote the sustainable development of detergent industries in China.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2019. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: Abigail Sather. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 90 pages.


The rapid development of new energy sources has brought a certain impact on the original power grid structure, accelerated the wear of unit equipment, and affected the stability, safety, and economy of thermal power unit operation, so it is proposed to add an energy storage system to solve the above problems. To analyze the secondary frequency regulation effect of thermal power units assisted by a flywheel energy storage system, a mathematical model of the control strategy on both sides of the boiler, steam turbine, and flywheel permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and a two-regional power grid model is built through MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the frequency regulation effect of units with or without energy storage participation through step disturbance and continuous disturbance, which are 0.045 and 0.023 p.u. MW. Under step disturbance, the frequency fluctuation of the coupled energy storage system changed by 0.025 228 p.u. Hz, the time for the system to return to a steady state was shortened by 5.85 s, the maximum change of the frequency of the system in Region 2 was reduced by 0.025 579 p.u. Hz, and under continuous disturbance, the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine in Region 1 was reduced by 0.022 982 p.u. MW. In summary, under the same disturbance conditions in the outside world, the use of flywheel energy storage to assist the frequency regulation of thermal power units can effectively reduce the frequency fluctuation of the system, reduce the fluctuation of the output power of the steam turbine, reduce the loss of mechanical equipment, and extend the service life of the unit to a certain extent.


PURPOSE: A collecting method of PET and silver is provided to recycle PET by collecting PET and silver at the same time with high yield by low cost. CONSTITUTION: A collecting method of PET and silver comprises: a step of cutting X-RAY waste film; a step of obtaining a solvent layer by mixing the waste film piece in aqueous stripping solution; a step of collecting pure PET by cleaning waste film pieces in which the solvent layer is separated; a step of putting sodium sulfide and coagulant into sodium hydroxide which is discharged through previous steps; a step of separating pure sodium hydroxide solution and solid phase of the solvent layer; a step of obtaining solid phase sludge of the solvent layer by dehydrating the solid phase sludge of the solvent layer; and a step of extracting silver by refining the sludge in melting furnace.


Background: Approximately 170 million persons are infected with the hepatitis C viral infection (HCV), globally. Of this number, 3.2 – 4 million persons in the U. S. are infected with HCV. Although previous research has indicated a decrease in the rates of Hepatitis C in the U.S. approximately 12,000 deaths occur annually from those who suffer from chronic liver disease, as a result of being chronic carriers of HCV. Being a recipient of blood transfusions prior to 1992, intravenous drug users (IDUs), or persons with multiple sex partners are associated with increased risk for HCV infection. IDUs constitute the largest cohort for those infected with HCV. Due to the few clinical manifestations HIV and HCV share and HIV patients living longer due to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), Many individuals infected with HIV are discovering co-morbidities with HCV.


A scale, Avoidance of the Ontological Confrontation of Loneliness, was developed to assist the psychometric recorder documentation of choice of avoidance versus confrontation strategy to the issue of loneliness. Analysis showed low scorers (confronters) reported increased use of soft drugs and were absent from employment more often than medium or high scorers. Borderline statistically significant findings hint that high scorers (avoiders) lean toward less alcoholic beverage consumption while low scorers lean toward fewer automobile accidents and less use of medication than medium groupings. These results suggest both advantages and disadvantages to strategies of awareness.


We suggest a method for coding high resolution computer-generated volume holograms. It involves splitting the computer-generated hologram into multiple holograms, each individually recorded as a volume hologram utilizing the maximal resolution available from the spatial light modulator. Our method enables their simultaneous subsequent reconstruction. We demonstrate the recording and the reconstruction of a computer-generated volume hologram with a space bandwidth product much higher than the maximal one of the spatial light modulator used as an interface. Finally, we analyze the scheduling procedure of the multiple holographic recording process in photorefractive medium in this specific application.


The indium mediated alkynylation of perbenzylated or peracetylated formylglucose is a pathway for the synthesis of various C-glycosides. Hydroxylated, ketonic, mono- or di- fluorinated and methylated C-glycosides were thus obtained.


Objective: To evaluate the presence of Microembolic Signals (MES) in stroke and transient ischemic attacks, using Transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring. Background TCD is a sensitive technique for real time detection of MES which are characterized by unidirectional, high intensity, short duration, random occurrence, and a whistling sound. MES have been detected in carotid artery stenosis, aortic arch plaques, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, prosthetic heart valves, patent foramen ovale, valvular stenosis, during invasive procedures (angiography, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) and surgery (carotid and cardiopulmonary bypass). Design/Methods: Prospective, observational cross sectional study from Chennai, India of 3200 consecutive stroke or Transient Ischemic Attacks and acute stroke patients seen from 2000 till 2010 at Chennai. Bilateral TCD monitoring were done by insonation of Temporal windows, using the Mark II head frame and Power M Mode TCD machine (PMD100, Spencer Technologies, USA) to detect MES. TCD findings were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging and Angiography (MRI/MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Results: MES was detected in 35 % of patients with symptomatic and in 12.8 % with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The absolute annual risk of ipsilateral stroke or transient ischaemic attack from baseline and 3 years was 12 % and 6.24 % in patients with and without symptomatic carotid stenosis. 38.4% had MES during carotid endarterectomy and 44 % during carotid angioplasty and stenting. During Sonothrombolysis, MES at the site of arterial obstruction were seen in 22 % and was associated with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale of less than 2). Intracranial stenosis with MES were detected in 22.6 %. Conclusions: Detection of MES by transcranial Doppler, indicates patients with increased risk of stroke. The prence of MES during sonothrombolysis is an indicator of good outcome. A high frequency of MES is observed during Carotid revascularization procedures and intracranil arterial stenosis. Disclosure: Dr. Sivakumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sivakumar has nothing to disclose.


We prove the existence of quasi-projective coarse moduli spaces parametrising certain complete flags of subschemes of a fixed projective space $\mathbb{P}(V)$ up to projective automorphisms. The flags of subschemes being parametrised are obtained by intersecting non-degenerate subvarieties of $\mathbb{P}(V)$ of dimension $n$ by flags of linear subspaces of $\mathbb{P}(V)$ of length $n$, with each positive dimension component of the flags being required to be non-singular and non-degenerate, and with the dimension $0$ components being required to satisfy a Chow stability condition. These moduli spaces are constructed using non-reductive Geometric Invariant Theory for actions of groups whose unipotent radical is graded, making use of a non-reductive analogue of quotienting-in-stages developed by Hoskins and Jackson.


A survey of 3,576 secondary school teachers in the areas of mathematics, science, and business education, half of whom have adopted instructional computing, provides a test for technological versus cultural theories of social change. Using multiple regression analysis, the results demonstrate the necessity of sociological analysis of acceptance and rejection of computer innovations. Individual/occupational factors (training, attitude, experience), work/school factors (grade range, school size), and community factors (community size, distance from central computer) were found to be predictive of adoption of computer technology. These findings demonstrate that when explaining acceptance of new computer techniques it is necessary to go beyond the theory of technological determinism and examine sociocultural determinants.


The paper deals with orbit enumeration within the framework of Burnside's Lemma in a special situation when the group possesses two 'mutually orthogonal' actions with respect to fixed points of its elements. Due to this property, only regular permutations should be taken into account in the enumeration. This considerably facilitates counting combinatorial objects up to isomorphism and obtaining simple closed formulae. Two general approaches reducing the counting of nonisomorphic (unrooted) objects to 'rooted' and 'cycle-rooted' (and then quotient) objects, respectively, are developed and described. We give here a general description and a survey of methods and results arisen. The idea turns out to be applicable to numerous concrete problems. Most of them can be modelled by tuples of permutations that generate transitive groups and are considered up to conjugacy. Enumerative results are given for counting subgroups of free groups, strong automata, coverings of surfaces, planar maps and plane point configurations. In conclusion, some open questions are posed.


Color enhancement in Howes and Early Black cranberry, as measured by pigment analysis and influenced by malathion, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (Alar) sprays prior to harvest, was investigated under New Jersey conditions. Malathion at the rate of 2.5 lbs. of active material/A. applied at 200 gal./A. significantly enhanced the extractable pigment content in both Howes and Early Black cranberry. The color enhancement was noted within four days of application, and the differential in pigment content between the malathion treated and control berries was maintained throughout the sampling period. Neither IAA at 50 ppm nor Alar at 2000 and 4000 ppm active material increased color in Early Black. There was an indication that Alar delayed red pigment formation in Early Black. Soluble solids and titratable acidity measurements of Howes and Early Black fruit did not indicate any significant difference between treated and control fruit at a given sampling date.


Although accelerator based experiments for undergraduates are often considered only for junior or senior physics majors, introductory students can also benefit from them. Rutherford backscattering and a 12C(p,p)12C elastic scattering resonance can be presented in ways that are well‐suited for students who have taken only an introductory physics course.


Contrasting the flow response of aqueous dispersions of colloidally stable polymer particles with dispersions controlled only by hydrodynamic interactions, we find that the hydrodynamic interactions are still a major factor, but colloid chemical forces can modify the response in important ways. For example, at solids levels between 55 and 70 vol %, a bimodal size distribution can be used to greatly enhance the flow properties of the dispersion. Minimum viscosity levels are achieved by close attention to the size ratio and the weight ratio of the two sizes, as well as to the absolute size of the particles. Size and weight ratios are known to have an important effect on hydrodynamic interactions, but the absolute size of the particles becomes a factor whenever colloid chemical forces come into play.


Currently, template‐based alignments focus on detection of motifs in novel structures that correspond to specific functions. ProMOL is a plugin for the PyMOL molecular graphics environment that has been used to detect motifs for enzyme active sites. The purpose of this study is to create non‐active site structural motifs in proteins, with a focus on the Zinc finger (ZnF) families from Pfam ‐ Cys2His2, Gag knuckle, Treble clef, Zinc ribbon, and Zn2/Cys6. While these motifs are not catalytic, zinc domains contribute to structure and function of proteins involved in many essential cellular processes. The methodology begins with creation and testing of the ZnF motifs against themselves followed by testing on homologs. A series of user‐created motif templates (the U set) will be prepared and characterized. Those with high specificity and selectivity will then be further refined and form the basis for the ProMOL S set (structural motifs). These motif templates will then be used to propose functions for unannotated structures in the Protein Data Bank. This work has been funded in part by National Institute of General Medical Sciences 2R15GM078077‐02, 3R15GM078077‐02S1 and 3R15GM078077‐02S2.


The tourism industry shares the environments it uses with many other economic sectors and with the residents of host communities. All of these parties have a stake in the future of tourism destinations. To deal with the changing impacts of tourism on destinations, new approaches are required that address the sensitivities of all users to proposals for change. To answer the question, "How many tourists can be accommodated," will require improvements in the planning process. The process requires clearer identification of impacts and of limits, reflecting the sensitivity of different attributes of the environment to different types and levels of impact or use. The objective is to identify and sustain those qualities which visitors and locals value in each particular resort setting. The initial step involves collection and examination of information on the attributes of the resort site (characteristics of the biophysical and socioeconomic environment, current and potential stresses, and demands or expectations of users). Based on this information, options for tourism development can be generated. Option generation is followed by estimation of the effects of each option on the destination and its users. This can lead to design of tourism development plans that respect key sensitivities and include many different "carrying capacities" depending on which values of the tourists and the inhabitants are negotiable and which are not. Through the use of tools such as demand management, zoning, appropriate infrastructure design, environmentally sound facility operation and maintenance, monitoring, and site rehabilitation, the range of acceptable options can be enlarged. The continuing direct involvement of all affected communities in identifying key values and sensitivities, as well as their participation in the choice of development and management options, is critical to the success of this process. Examples from several projects illustrate the practical considerations in the application of this approach.


Non recurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation which should be carefully identified during thyroid surgery to prevent post operative morbidity. We present a case of 19 year old female with follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid , where non recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified on the right side and CT angiography showed an aberrant right sided subclavian artery. Comprehensive knowledge of anatomy and defining every landmark during the surgery to identify the nerve is indispensable.


In this article an analytical investigation has been made of a slab waveguide with a small circular deformation across the direction of wave propagation. The resulting guide can be considered as a waveguide having a large annular cross section. Using the approximation of vanishing refractive index difference between the guiding and the nonguiding regions, fractional powers have been estimated that flow individually through these regions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Proteomics of drug-resistant HIV-associated candidiasis 1Abrantes PMDS, 2Bouic PJD, 1Africa CWJ 1 Microbial Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, 2Synexa Life Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa Introduction Results The isolated species included C. albicans (n=198), C. glabrata (n=36), C. dubliniensis (n=11), Candida tropicalis (n=4), Candida krusei (n=3) and either Candida kefyr, Candida parapsilopsis, or Candida lusitaneae (n=2), with Cameroonian patients harbouring double the species of their South African counterparts. Drug resistance to different classes of antifungals was found to be widespread, especially in the case of azole drugs. Fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates run on SDS-PAGE expressed proteins with molecular weights consistent with that of tropiase (a 24kDa acid proteinase enzyme associated with increased Candida virulence) and exoglucanase (a 44kDa protein involved in host cell surface adhesion). In the case of HPLC/MS, a much more detailed spectrum of fluconazole-resistance related proteins was identified, ranging from multi-drug resistance efflux transporter CDR1 and CDR2 proteins and the elucidation of Candida colonization mechanisms through the action of oxidoreductases that bind to mammalian estrogen, heat shock proteins that bind to human salivary peptides and mediate their fungicidal activity, pH-responsive proteins which may increase the pathogenic ability of the organisms and S(hydroxymethyl) glutathione dehydrogenase.


A model molecule was built of graphene consists of 50 carbon atoms, after that was modified throughout its middle and corners with CH3, COOH, NH2 and O2 forming 20 model molecules respectively. Each model was then calculated at density functional theory DFT:B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). Results indicated that, the studied physical properties suffer strong changes in TDM and ∆E for the different position of the interaction. The interaction of graphene with CH3 and NH2 becomes more reactive for the connection at the center position where it shows highest TDM and lowest ∆E. COOH shows the highest TDM when interact with graphene at position1 and the lowest ∆E when interact with graphene at position2. While the reactivity of the interaction of graphene with O2 increased at position 2. Form the MESP calculation, it is clear that, the negativity increased by interaction of graphene with O2 at the corner in position one and four.


A critical analysis of the relative contribution of molecular properties governing the permeability process could be used as a tool for comparing methods set-up in different labs, as well as to help guide medicinal chemistry programs. To reach these aims we used Block Relevance (BR) analysis, a new tool that produces an easy-to-read mechanistic interpretation of PLS models based on VolSurf+ (VS+) descriptors. Modeling log P app (6.5/7.4) Experimental log P app values of the compounds belonging to the training set (n = 54) were imported into VS+ as response variables (Y) and a relation between Y and the 82 VS+ descriptors (X) was sought using the PLS algorithm implemented in the software. A model was found. The validation of the models was firstly performed by means of an internal procedure. Finally we also performed an external validation of the PLS model using the test set (n = 31). BR analysis for log D oct (7.4)


Abstract : To control a quadrupole mass spectrometer during a rocket flight a programmable digital control unit has been developed. The design centers around a programmable read only memory. Up to eight different programs of 16 breakpoints may be sequentially selected. For data transmission, a PCM system has been included into the control unit. The operation and the circuits of the unit are described. (Author)


ITEM DESCRIPTION VIOLENCE PREVENTION Price Quantity TOTAL PRICE Partner Violence Packet (includes poster, flyer, guidebook, and RADAR card) $10.00 Partner Violence Guidebook $7.00 Partner Violence Poster (10 per set) $5.00 Partner Violence RADAR Pocket Resource Guide (25 per set) $5.00 Youth Violence Guidebook $7.00 Parent Education brochures (25 per set) Raise Your Child With Praise Time Out! Some Myths & Facts About Violence When Children Witness Violence in the Home Pulling the Plug on Media Violence Protecting Your Child From Gun Injury Protecting Your Child from Sexual Abuse Bullying Prevention Street Violence Dating Violence $5.00


PurposeMotivation can serve as the engine that turns intention into action, and, as such, is indispensable in the early phase of the entrepreneurial process, where opportunity recognition and exploitation are key. However, research in this area has so far shed a selective spotlight on specific facets of entrepreneurial motivation, whereas the consideration of basic motives has been widely neglected. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to illuminate the basic motivational foundations of one core aspect of entrepreneurial behavior, namely opportunity recognition.Design/methodology/approachThe study examined how motivation influences the process of recognizing and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in a sample of 312 managing directors and managing partners of small and medium-sized enterprises. Opportunity recognition and exploitation were assessed by two different measures: one evaluating the objective number of recognized and realized business opportunities, the other assessing the perceived proficiency in identifying and exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities. Implicit and explicit facets of basic motivation were measured using a comprehensive assessment of human needs.FindingsFindings show that entrepreneurs' achievement motive is an important driver in both the identification and exploitation of opportunity. The power motive affects the perceived ability to exploit business opportunities. Interestingly, the explicit affiliation motive showed an inhibitory effect on the perceived ability of opportunity identification, whereas implicit affiliation motive is affecting the number of recognized and realized business opportunities positively.Originality/valueThis research clearly highlights the preeminence of basic motivational factors in explaining individual early-stage entrepreneurial behavior, making them a prime target for training interventions.


Exceedances of the air quality limit values for N O2 and PM2.5/PM10 in Europe are mostly measured in th e vicinity of roads. In general, the concentration di stribution at hot spot locations in urban areas is very inhomogeneous due to the complex building situation. The EU air quality directive specifies details for the siting of air q uality sampling points at traffic-oriented sites. Based on microscale model ca lcul tions, this paper discusses the possibility of assessing the spatial representativeness of the air pollution for specifi c hot spot examples and provides some hints on the applicability of HBEFA in hot spot analysis.


IN THE May Research column, I described some ways in which rich schools and poor schools differ in the literacy experiences they offer young children. In the winter 2000 issue of the American Educational Research Journal, S. Jody Heymann and Alison Earle of the Harvard School of Public Health report on how poverty influences another aspect of school life: parent involvement. Heymann and Earle point out that "parental involvement" comes in a number of forms. It can occur from parents' "developing and using skills to support effective learning; engaging in home-to-school communication about student progress; volunteering at school; assisting their children with homework; becoming involved in school governance issues and decisions; and coordinating and integrating community services that will enhance the learning experience. . . . Numerous studies have shown that, regardless of how it is defined, parental involvement is important to children's success at school." The researchers began by examining the working conditions of "substantially employed" mothers. "Substantially employed" is a term taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and means that the mother was not self-employed, had held at least one job within 30 days of the 1994 survey, and worked at least 20 hours a week. (When the researchers used cutoffs of 30, 35, and 40 hours a week, the results were unchanged. The NLSY did not collect employment data on fathers.) Twelve hundred and eighty of the mothers completed the Behavior Problems Index (BPI), a 28-item questionnaire about peer conflict, antisocial behavior, anxiety or depression, and dependency - behaviors that a child might have exhibited in the 30 days before the mother completed the BPI. The NLSY had also administered the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) in reading and math. Of the 1,280 mothers, 582 had a child in the top quartile of the BPI. Two hundred and eighty had a child in the bottom quartile of the PIAT reading test, and 334 had a child in the bottom quartile of the PIAT math test. One analysis the researchers conducted looked at the working conditions of mothers who had a child in the lowest quartile in PIAT reading. When divided into families living in poverty and families above the poverty line, substantial differences appeared in the amount of time a parent had available to become involved with the school - or even with the child. Forty percent of the families above the poverty line had no paid sick leave, while 67% of those below the poverty line had no paid sick leave. Smaller differences appeared between the two groups for paid vacation leave and for the ability to leave the job site. Similar findings existed for mothers with children in the lowest quartile on the PIAT math. The largest differences in the availability of mothers appeared for the mothers below the poverty line whose children also acted out often enough to land them in the highest quartile on the BPI: 71% of these mothers had no paid sick leave (compared to 36% of mothers not in poverty whose children were also in the top quartile on the BPI), 46% had no paid vacation, and 67% could not leave their job sites. The researchers offer a number of suggestions as to how to ameliorate the problem. Holding meetings outside of school hours is one possibility, but this imposes an added burden on teachers, many of whom are mothers, too. The Family Medical Leave Act could be expanded. It currently covers only 50% of families, and the leave is for up to 24 hours, but since it is unpaid, it would be of less help to poor families. The researchers are most enthusiastic about two other possibilities: Alternatively, paid family leave could be provided through an insurance program. National survey data have shown that the majority of Americans would be in favor of family leave insurance. An insurance program could be modeled after current public insurance programs, such as workman's compensation, or private insurance programs that are typically offered through workplaces, such as disability insurance. …


Reporting harvested and forwarded volumes are important for the forest industry as it provides information of the size of the stock and facilitates logistics. Figures from Holmen Skog show low reporting frequency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reason and find suggestions for improvement. A total of 17 machine operators were interviewed using a questionnaire combined with open questions. The results show that the majority of the machine operators find it simple to use the reporting system, although, some of them reports that it doesn't always work as supposed to. About 25 percent of the interviewed answered that the reason for low reporting frequency is the lack of timber order number. To solve this specific problem increased routine among production leaders is needed. Other suggestions of actions aiming to increase the reporting frequency are using a production technician for support of the production leaders make it possible for machine operators to report service stops
Finally, most of machine operators sees the reporting as a natural part of their job and are positive concerning their relation to Holmen Skog.


The current research paper examines the tourist exports and arrivals, thus the foreign exchange income and expenditure of Bangladesh. Inbound tourist and foreign currency earnings are very few in Bangladesh. Tourism business in Bangladesh is almost new and mainly depended on domestic tourists. Foreign tourists require far better service than that of domestic tourist. To reach a meaningful conclusion of the study is quantitative in nature but descriptive in style. Both primary and secondary sources of data have been used. Researcher conducted field survey through structure questioner and informal discussion. Secondary data have collected from the publication of Association of Travel Agents of Bangladesh (ATAB), National Tourism Organizations (NTOs), Non Government Organizations (NGOs), Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, UNWTO, WTTC, World Bank, Asia Pacific Tourism Forecast (APTF), World Tourism BarometerUNWTO and other tourism related publications. The earnings from tourism exports were BDT 11.1bn in 2016. The number of tourist forecasted to 23.9bn in 2027, which will be generated BDT 25.64bn. The contribution of tourism exports of Bangladesh is not satisfactory. The highest value of tourist exports over the last 10 years was 0.73% of total export in 2005, which requires less expenditure but higher foreign currency earnings. The direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP of Bangladesh was 2.2% of total GDP in 2016. Capital investment scenario of the tourism sector of Bangladesh is optimistic which was 72.5bn in 2016. It is forecasted to raise by 9.5% over the next 10 years and amount will be BDT 201.8bn in 2027. This Study principally analyzed the economic contributions of travel and tourism in Bangladesh. In recent years the economic contribution from tourism export is not satisfactory but it is increasing year to year which is a positive trend for sustainable economic development of tourism sector of Bangladesh. Bangladesh government authorities have identified tourism as a means of generating employment and foreign currency. The economic significance of tourism varies from country to country. Bangladesh tourism industry with its enormous potentials is striving to reach at a satisfactory level in order to play the expected role in the economy of the country. As a major sector of the services economy, tourism is increasingly recognized as giving economic and social advancement for the destinations countries and local residents to reduce unemployment through creating jobs in this sector directly and indirectly. Tourist exports or currency spent of tourists from foreign counties to Bangladesh can be the main cash cow of immediate benefaction for this country from the tourism sector. Although the world tourism businesses are booming and almost imperceptibly it has become single fastest growing sector industries in the world.


The existing cosmological constraints on theories with large extra dimensions rely on the thermal production of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of gravitons and radions in the early Universe. Successful inflation and reheating, as well as baryogenesis, typically requires the existence of a TeV-scale field in the bulk, most notably the inflaton. The nonthermal production of KK modes with masses of order 100 GeV accompanying the inflaton decay sets the lower bounds on the fundamental scale ${M}_{*}.$ For a 1-TeV inflaton, the late decay of these modes distorts the successful predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis unless ${M}_{*}g35,$ 13, 7, 5, and 3 TeV for two, three, four, five, and six extra dimensions, respectively. This improves the existing bounds from cosmology on ${M}_{*}$ for four, five, and six extra dimensions. Even more stringent bounds are derived for a heavier inflaton.


To establish a comprehensive,objective,fair and equitable promotion mechanism for business managers,has important practical significance to human resources management and long-term development of enterprises. Reasonable and accurate assessment and selection of managers will be the key to sustainable development of enterprises. To this end,in discussing the promotion process,based on the use of ANP theory,this paper established a management evaluation index system,constructed the ANP-based decision model,and had a evaluation of managers and decision - making. The example shows that,ANP method has a theoretical support for scientific and rational promotion of outstanding managers,with good practical reference value.


FHIR standard is designed to enable interoperability and integration with the newest and adopted technologies by the industry. This chapter presents a number of blueprints for the design and development of FHIR servers that enable the integration between HIT systems with m-health applications via FHIR. Each blueprint is based on the location that FHIR servers can be placed with respect to the components of the m-health application (UI, API, server) or a HIT system in order to define and design the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the exchange of information via FHIR. To demonstrate the feasibility of the work, this chapter utilizes the Connecticut concussion tracker (CT2) m-health application as a proof-of-concept prototype that fully illustrates the blueprints of the design and development steps that are involved. The blueprints can be applied to any m-health application and are informative and instructional for medical stakeholders, researchers, and developers. A Blueprint for Designing and Developing M-Health Applications for Diverse Stakeholders Utilizing FHIR


The concept of linked social-ecological systems has enabled powerful insights into humannature interactions but also obscured distinctions between social and ecological domains. Moreover, while cross-level inquiry – across spatial, temporal, and other scales – has been central to resilience thinking and practice, the individual-organizational-social scale that is particular to the social domain remains critically under-examined. With regard to selforganizing social dynamics, this scale affords an examination of individual and collective expressions of human agency, of individuals as embedded in the logics of inter-institutional regimes, and of regime stabilization and transformation as recursively engaged at multiple levels. Significantly, this "unbundling" of the social also reveals ways in which resilience thinking offers an additional view into cross-level dynamics such as identity formation, feedback, and path dependency. From a resilience perspective, we reflect on a case study of work led by the nonprofit Ecotrust, in which a team of food systems researchers and practitioners consulted with a coalition of funders that sought to develop a vision, initiatives, and indicators for a sustainable food system in California, USA. The theory of change for this project was developed and described through a mapping of system dynamics archetypes, so as to explore the ways in which these archetypes illuminated, informed, and "mirrored back" the stated goal of food system transformation. Based on these archetypes and experiences, we examine specific cross-level similarities and differences in various understandings of regime dynamics across organizational and social levels. Lastly, in order to re-link the ecological into our considerations, we propose as a boundary object an individual-organizational-social-ecological hierarchical description of state spaces as representing realms of affordance or "enablement" for novelty or ingenuity of human expression, individually and collectively manifested.


Ecocriticism studies in an ecocentric perspective the literary and cultural strategies of ecoliterature use of environmental imagination to create ecocatastrophe images as well as the main elements of environmental apocalyptic writing,so as to warn people that all man-made ecocatastrophes in the anthropocentric existence will inevitably incur revenge form nature that will force the arrogant human beings to fully realize that both humans and natural entities live in the same biotic community,and the preservation of harmonious relation between man and nature is the precondition for the continuation of human civilization.Environmental apocalyptic writing is in fact a preventive project of ecoliterature.


BACKGROUND
Winged scapula (WS) is a critical complication of axillary surgery in patients treated for breast cancer, and is associated with pain, impairment of the upper extremity's function and poor performance in daily activities.

SOURCES OF DATA
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Embase and Virtual Health Library databases from January 1, 2000 to December 1, 2020. Clinical studies evaluating the diagnosis and epidemiology of WS among breast cancer surgery (BCS) patients were included.

AREAS OF AGREEMENT
The diagnosis of WS relies almost entirely on physical assessment. Studies have suggested a high variability in the report of the incidence of WS given the subjectivity of its diagnosis, and the different criteria used during clinical assessment.

AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
The diagnosis of WS in BCS patients remains a challenge given the lack of standardized diagnostic protocols. Physical examination cannot rely on one manoeuvre only, as it may overlook patients with subtle injuries or overweight and contributing to the underreporting of its incidence.

GROWING POINTS
BCS patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection experience a significantly higher incidence of WS than those undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection. The global incidence of WS after BCS is 16.79%. Additionally, the anterior flexion test and the push-up test are the most commonly performed diagnostic manoeuvers.

AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Further studies should aim for objective diagnostic tests, especially when the condition is not evident.


FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: tool comprises a first row and a second row, located behind it, of earthmoving working bodies and at least one row of discs for forming soil. The adjacent working bodies of the first row are located at a first distance from each other, and the adjacent working bodies of the second row are located at a second distance from each other. The row of discs for forming soil is located behind the second row of earthmoving working bodies. The adjacent discs are located not at equal distance. The distance between the adjacent discs is greater or smaller depending on the fact whether the distance is located between the adjacent discs behind the working body of the first row or behind the working body of the second row. According to a second embodiment the tools of the earthmoving working bodies of the first and second rows are located at a predetermined distance from each other. The third embodiment of the tool provides location of the earthmoving working bodies of the first and second rows at equal distance, designed to form the first and second groups of recessions and groups of berms in the soil, at equal distance from each other. Each of the recesses in the second group of recesses is located approximately centrally of the corresponding berm from the group of berms and between the adjacent recesses of the first group of recesses. The second group of recesses is deeper than the first group of recesses. The discs for forming soil are designed for forming the first and second groups of recesses and berms to ensure the equal release of soil. EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to ensure uniformity of location of recesses on the surface of the treated area, which enables to retain moisture in the soil and to facilitate sowing of seeds. 20 cl, 4 dwg


The Mars Organic Detector (MOD) was recently selected for the definition phase of the HEDS '05 (originally scheduled for '03) lander instrument package for fundamental biology and in situ resource utilization. MOD is designed to detect organic compounds in rock and soil samples directly on the surface of Mars in order to assess the biological potential of the planet. In addition, a MOD Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (TDLS) will provide information on desorption and decomposition temperatures, as well as the release rates and quantities of water and carbon dioxide that can be liberated from regolith samples, thereby providing the parameters needed for the design of systems for the future large-scale in situ extraction of valuable consumable resources. A MOD TDLS will also measure the atmospheric water and carbon dioxide content, as well as the atmospheric carbon dioxide isotopic composition, in order to determine whether there is an isotopic offset between atmospheric and surface carbon.


The fuzzy identification proposed by Takaki and Sugeno (1985) is extended to a MIMO adaptive controller based on a hybrid neural network structure. The network is roughly divided into the premise and consequence corresponding to the T-S model. Each parameter of the consequence function can be adjusted by the extended Bp algorithm so that automatic rule modification can be realized. The membership function of each fuzzy subset can be modified by a genetic algorithm. In this way, more pre-knowledge for the plant need not be required. Finally, the MIMO fuzzy-neural control is used to simulate a real example.


South Africa is in its post-industrial era moving from the primary and secondary sector to the tertiary sector. The study investigated the impact of the disaggregated energy consumption (coal, oil, and electricity) on the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy between 1980 and 2012 in South Africa. Using vector error correction model, it was established that South Africa is an energy dependent economy, and that energy (especially electricity and oil) is a limiting factor of growth. This implies that implementation of energy conservation policies may hamper economic growth. Output growth is significantly outpacing energy supply, which has necessitated load shedding. To meet up the excess energy demand, there is a need to increase the generating capacity which will necessitate increased investment in the electricity sector as well as strategic steps to increase oil production. There is also need to explore more renewable energy sources, in order to meet the growing energy demand without compromising growth and environmental sustainability. Policy makers should also pursue energy efficiency policies especially at sectoral level of the economy. Keywords—Causality, economic growth, energy consumption, hypothesis, sectoral output.


Four groups of newly emerged virgin female Sarcophaga ruficomis (Fabr.) were treated with 1.5% concentrated thiourea mixed with the laboratory diet on days 1–4 postemergence; each group received treatment on a different day. The flies treated on the 2nd day suffered greatest ovarian damage, indicating that the female gonads of this flesh fly are most susceptible to the action of thiourea at this age.


In the present, commercial buildings in Seoul were changed by Global brand and other economical factor. On this account, buildings in the outer block lose their own characters. This phenomenon limits building's surface, image of block furthermore image of city. This study is about the main street of Myung-dong, and it propose the possibility of new interface of Myung-dong's characteristic commercial buildings by analyzing the main street of Myung-dong and applying features of commercial buildings of Myung-dong. Boundary of time is from the Myung-dong street consist of middle, high price and middle sized shops tarketing from twenty to thirty when before the IMF period, to low, middle price and small shops targeting teenagers when after the IMF period. A subject of investigation of area are an entrance of Myung-dong, which is the point of Myung-dong's commercial right, and from Utozone to a mainroad which is connected the member for subway line. To carry out this study, the field survey for the buildings of the main streets in Myung-dong area was done. They were analyzed as their built age, scale, function, story and their image.


Life expectancy of Brazilian and Spanish people has increased considerably in recent years and usually there exist many senior citizens groups organizing meetings with the purpose of planning recreational activities, the bocha ́s game being one of the most common among males in Sao Paulo (Brazil), while traditional skittles game in Boiro (Spain). The objective of this research is to understand the experience of leisure among practitioners of the abovementioned popular games, and to study the similarities existing in these games and the participants involved in them. We used a qualitative/ descriptive study design, employing individual semi-structured interviews as a tool for obtaining data. A total of 20 interviews were conducted on senior citizens with average age of 65 years (Brazil) and 73 years (Boiro). Results show that the bocha ́s game and traditional skittles game are the most important for men in their respective cities, where it is rare to find a young person or a woman practicing these modalities, which highlights their playful and not regulated nature in its usual practice. Similar standards of behavior are found among players of Bocha and Skittles. Both activities are considered the favorite hobby among people aged between 50 and 75 years, as well as they contribute to the increase and diversification of leisure-time activities in older persons.


This paper describes the computer tabulation,based on the use of AUTOCAD software by the problems encountered,in the tabulation of MapGIS the application of software skills and methods of operation were made and summarized,and the secondary development of software MGT6 complementary functions in the tab area.


Enviromment right is the basic right in the field of environment, which has close relationship with other basic rights, such as existence right, development right and freedom right. In order to better protect the human rightsof the citizen and achieve fundamental improvement of environmental situationm, we should clearly regulate environment right and pay the highest attention to environmental right of the whole system of environmental laws, which is the basis of perfecting our country system of environmental laws.


This paper presents a model of particle swarm optimization with escape velocity (EVPSO) in order to overcome premature convergence in the basic particle swarm optimization (PSO). The EVPSO model equips particles with the escape velocity to avoid them trapping into local minima and increase the diversity of population. A simulation study shows that the EVPSO outperforms the basic PSO, especially for high dimension function. The EVPSO model facilitates solving multi-modal optimization problems


Here we present a simple model of water, focusing on hidden "medium-range ordering" in water. In addition to a density order parameter ρ, we need to introduce a bond order parameter S to represent the excitation of locally favored structures (medium-range ordering). Here we show that the excitation of S is described by a "two-state model with cooperative excitation". We propose that water's anomalies are "primarily" not due to critical phenomena, but a gas-liquid–like critical point of bond ordering may exist below the melting curve. These two facts are not inconsistent with each other but can be explained in a coherent manner.


We describe a capacitive probe for the observation of high‐voltage fast pulses (1–100 kV, 1 to 10 ns) and we also show the results of some tests performed on a prototype. The probe is extremely simple and cheap, easy to build by small research groups. The attenuation factor can be adjusted through a simple operation which does not require substitution of components.


In this paper, we propose an homogeneous stabilizing controller for input-affine homogeneous systems. Moreover, we provide an homogeneous inverse optimal controller.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: In this study, we quantified the global macroeconomic burden of breast cancer to underscore the critical importance of improving access to oncologic surgical care internationally. Summary Background Data: Breast cancer mortality in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is dramatically higher than in high-income countries. Prior to identifying solutions, however, it is important to first define the burden of disease. Methods: Data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (2005–2015) were used to assess epidemiologic trends for 194, middle, and low-income countries. Economic burden defined by Welfare Loss (WL) was calculated by measuring disability-adjusted-life-years lost to breast cancer alongside the dollar equivalent of a value of statistical life year and as a function of each country's gross domestic product (GDP). Results: Annual mortality rates among breast cancer patients were significantly greater in LMICs in South Asia (3.06 per 100 women) and Sub-Saharan Africa (2.76 per 100 women), compared with high-income countries like the United States (1.69 per 100 women). From 2005–2015, mortality in South Asia increased by 8.20% and decreased by 6.45% in Sub-Saharan Africa; mortality rates in 2015 were observed as 27.9 per 100,000 in South Asia and 18.61 per 100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Countries in South Asia demonstrated the greatest rise in WL due to breast cancer, from 0.05% to 0.08% of GDP. Conclusions: The burden of disease and economic impact of breast cancer is intensifying in LMICs. Global efforts to improve access to surgical care for women with breast cancer could reduce mortality and mitigate the social and financial impact of this disease in LMICs.


The invention discloses a DSP-chip-based FFT computing method with variable length. The method comprises the following steps: (1) judging the length N of the data to be computed, if N is less than N1, carrying out the step (2), if N is greater than N1 and less than TH1, carrying out the step (3), and if N is greater than TH1 and less than TH2, carrying out the step (4), wherein the N1 is the maximum count which can be directly supported by an FFT executing device in the DSP chip, the TH1 is the maximum count which can be memorized by a memory on the chip, and the TH2=N1*N1; (2) directly carrying out one-dimensional FFT and reading the data from a memory out of the chip in a DMA way; (3) carrying out two-dimensional FFT and memorizing the middle data by the memory on the chip to carry out matrix transposition; (4) dividing the data into a plurality of data blocks to carry out conversion, and memorizing each data block by the memory on the chip. The method has the advantages of simple implementation method, wide range of computing length, high memory bandwidth utilization ratio and high executing effect. Besides, the FFT computing with variable length can be realized.