This paper proposes amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) four-transistor-two-capacitor (4T2C) pixel circuit in combination with a top-anode organic light-emitting diode (OLED) for the use in 8K4K active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays (AM-OLEDs). The proposed pixel circuit compensates for driving TFTs threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) shifts and mobility variations, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> current–resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) drops, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {SS}}~{I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-induced rises. Both the positive and negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the driving TFT can be sensed by the proposed circuit. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the driving TFT compensation time for low gray levels. The current error rates are calculated when TFT mobility variations are considered. The proposed pixel circuit allows an increase in the compensation time to reduce the impact of driving TFT <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and mobility variations on the performance of 4T2C pixel circuit. Conventional two-transistor-one-capacitor, five-transistor-two-capacitor, and proposed 4T2C pixel circuits are simulated and compared in this paper. The proposed pixel 4T2C circuit reduces the current error rates to below 5.79% when the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shifts of ±2 V, mobility variations of ±10%, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {DD}}~{I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> drops of 1 V, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\textsf {SS}}~{I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> rises of 1 V are all considered. We show that the proposed 4T2C pixel circuit is suitable for 8K4K AM-OLEDs.


Five years after implantation of three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (Model: MA60AC) for traumatic cataract in a 50-year-old, a homogeneous opacification of the optic was seen [Figure 1a]. A possible mechanism for this opacification (whitening) may be a sustained mild postoperative inflammation that can alter the biomechanics, leading to an influx of water and opacification of the optic.[1,2]


The ground state potential energy surfaces (PES's) for diatomic nitrogen and fluorine are examined using a version of our recently published linearized multireference coupled cluster method (MR‐LCCM). Comparison calculations employing a variety of standard ab initio techniques such as single reference configuration interaction singles and doubles (CISD), many‐body perturbation theory (MBPT), coupled cluster single and doubles (CCSD), and multireference (MR)‐CISD were also performed. In addition, the PES's were also investigated using the newly developed CCSDT‐1 method, which includes the dominant effect of T3. These single reference procedures fail in various ways (with the possible exception of the CCSDT‐1 method), while the MR‐LCCM method is shown to compare favorably to the more traditional MR‐CI techniques. Like the MR‐CIs, the MR‐LCCM energy curves dissociate correctly and the two are nearly parallel.


A theory is developed for the low-frequency AC hopping conductivity in disordered systems which accounts for multiple hops. The ideas of percolation theory are used to reduce the problem to a study of sigma ( omega ) (the frequency-dependent conductivity) in a cluster model. It is found that the size of the clusters increases with decreasing frequency and that sigma ( omega ) approximately omega s,s<1. An expression is obtained for the exponents. At low temperatures sigma depends weakly on temperature, but at higher temperatures it exhibits activated behaviour. Results are obtained for a one-dimensional system and compared with numerical results given in the literature.


This study considered SWOT and Blue-Ocean Strategy as the foundation of theory. Between LCD TV and PDP TV industries, to use the secondary materials to analyze the developmental profile and characteristics, the supply-demand situation in marketing sales, the variation about ASP and revenue. Furthermore, according to the future tendency and the related theory to conclude suggestions for markers. The results indicated that: (1) Although LCD TV can't be brighten by itself, and the picture quality must still be improved continuously, it will be the main stream in the TV criterion because its「Intensive Circulation of Competition」. (2) For PDP TV, it will try to be achieved to prevent the penetration in large size of LCD TV through the strength of the cost and technology in PDP. (3) Blue-Ocean Strategy in LCD TV is defined as: 「To enhance the criteria and reduce R&D cost through the scale economy and the complete vertical integration. To reinforce the management in the inventory to prevent the ASP decline. Furthermore, to apply the product in the widespread domain.」(4) Blue-Ocean Strategy in PDP TV is defined as: 「To strengthen the advantage of large size design and reduce the cost continuously. To enhance the ability of mass production then to achieve the scale economy for the further low cost.


Political belief education is of great importance in every country at any time.During the social transformation,the material wealth is becoming rich but the belief is getting lost.Once effective,simple way of education for the contemporary college students is obviously contradictory,ineffective and not harmonious.We should try our best to explore political belief education which is matched and adapt to the college students.This paper will discuss how to strengthen the development of college students' morality,ideal and belief by analysis of the objective,manner and content of political belief education.


NONE of the trained Indian surveyors, so far as I remember, have yet penetrated to the falls of the great Tsang-po river, in the lo+rer part of its course through Tibet; but by hearsay reports these falls have been placed about 29° 36' N. lat. and 94° 171' E. long., between the districts of Kong-ba and PeIna-koi.* Under such circumstances the attached sketch by a Lama artist, who is a native of the last-named district, and who knows the place well, may be interesting n especially as all those Tibetans who have visited the fall, to wholn I showed the sketch, recognized the general correctness of its leading features. For several miles above the falls, the river runs, as already known, in a narrow precipitous defile along which no path is practicable. The lealls can only be approached from below the gorge, where, as they form a place of piltrimage, a rude monastery is located Their height is estimated at about 70 feet, and they are enveloped, as shown in the pieture, by clouds of mist and spray, and the clifEs are covered by subtropical vegetation, and tiger lurk in the neighbourhood. The local Lamas relate to the awestruck pilgrims that arnid the thundering water stands a king-devil of the T'ag-po type, as described and figured by me in my recent book on ' The Buddhism of Tibet,' and hence the place is called " T'ag-po." This devil is placed there andel a spell by the Laluas, and when the river is low, the faithful can see his figure looming dimly through the falling waters? as indicated in the picture. As regards the still unsettled question of the identity of the Tibetan Tsang-po with the Brahmaputra, I have seen no reference, in the bulky publications on the subject, to the evidence afforded by etymology. Now, it is interesting to note that the Tibetan word Ts'ang-p26 is the literal equivalent of the Sanskrit Brahmaputa a, and means " the son of Brahma." And a curious Tibetan legend associates Brahmaputra with tlle Tsang-po river near Lhasa. The legend relates how the son of Thi-srong-deu-tsan,t who reigned about 7a0 A.l)., was drowned in the river, and the kint, ordered that the rivel at that spot should receive a certain number of lashes daily, as a punishment for its crirne. After a time the spirit of the river, unable to endure any longer such an unjust panishment, appeared before the king in the forrn of Bralzmaputea, alld besought the king to cast a piece of wood into the river. On this being done, the wood was immediateli>r carried oE down stream. In this way the river-spirit showed that the water which drowned the


The decay rate of the τ lepton into hadrons of invariant mass smaller than Q ≫ Λ QCD can be calculated in QCD using the OPE. Using experimental data on the hadronic mass distribution, the running coupling constant α s ( Q 2 ) is extracted in the range 0 . 85 GeV < Q < m τ , where its value changes by about a factor 2. At Q = m τ , the result is α s ( m 2 τ ) = 0 . 33 ± 0 . 03, corresponding to α s ( m 2 Z ) = 0 . 119 ± 0 . 004. The running of the coupling constant is in excellent agreement with the QCD prediction based on the three-loop β -function.


In familial dysautonomia (FD) the autonomous nervous system, reflex control, superficial sensation, and motor coordination are all affected.1 Postural hypotension with periods of hypertension are common findings.
 Rabinowitz et al.2 showed abnormal release of renin in seven patients with FD, six of them having high plasma renin activity (PRA). Abnormal values of PRA were observed in the upright position and on a low-salt diet.
 Propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor blocker, inhibits PRA in man regardless of the previous PRA values.3
 The effect of propranolol on PRA and blood pressure of children with FD was studied, since it was hoped that propranolol, by suppressing renin release, might stabilize their blood pressure.


Refractory materials are used to create an inner cover for furnaces in pyrometallurgical industries (lining) as copper, lead, steel, nickel and so on. Without them, the operation with furnaces would be impossible (ANFRE, 2010). Depending on the industrial process and its requests, refractory materials are made of different elements in order to match them to the aggressive environment of the molten bath inside the furnace (Fig. 1).


Follow this and additional works at: http://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/jlp Part of the Agency Commons, Business Organizations Law Commons, Civil Law Commons, Contracts Commons, Insurance Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Legislation Commons, Organizations Law Commons, Retirement Security Law Commons, Supreme Court of the United States Commons, Torts Commons, and the Workers' Compensation Law Commons


Film restoration using image processing, has been an active research field during the last years. However, the restoration of the soundtrack has been mainly performed in the sound domain, using signal processing methods, despite the fact that it is recorded as a continuous image between the images of the film and the perforations. While the very few published approaches focus on removing dust particles or concealing larger corrupted areas, no published works are devoted to the restoration of soundtracks degraded by substantial underexposure or overexposure. Digital restoration of optical soundtracks is an unexploited application field and, besides, scientifically rich, because it allows mixing both image and signal processing approaches. After introducing the principles of optical soundtrack recording and playback, this contribution focuses on our first approaches to detect and cancel the effects of under and overexposure. We intentionally choose to get a quantification of the effect of bad exposure in the 1D audio signal domain instead of 2D image domain. Our measurement is sent as feedback value to an image processing stage where the correction takes place, building up a "digital image and audio signal" closed loop processing. The approach is validated on both simulated alterations and real data.


abstract:This article compares the Pearl and Thomas Aquinas on emotions, will, reason, and the character of the virtues. I focus on the figure of the Jeweler, who in his struggle with grief and longyng, foregoes the high-medieval understanding of moral transformation found in Thomas. Pearl and Aquinas fashion distinct models of emotion, which differ on notions of desire, intellect, habituation, and practices. Ultimately, I demur from newer Pearl studies that tie the poem's theological and moral debts to Thomas and orthodox versions of pre-Reformation Catholicism, arguing instead that Pearl occupies a unique place in the late-medieval history of emotion.


The invention relates to an effective channel width design method based on a maximum transverse flow cumulative frequency. The method is characterized in that the method includes the steps that 1, a cumulative frequency curve of maximum transverse flow values along a channel is obtained; 2, a tide current numerical model is established and verified; 3, the time course and planar distribution characteristics of channel transverse flows in a project area are calculated and analyzed; 4 through combination of the characteristics of the channel transverse flows and the port entering and leaving characteristics of ships, an effective channel width cumulative frequency concept is established, the maximum transverse flow cumulative frequency is selected reasonably, and therefore the effective width of the channel is obtained. According to the method, the channel transverse flow design value is selected scientifically and reasonably, the effective channel width cumulative frequency concept is established, and therefore the requirements for argumentation of the navigation safety, influenced by the width of the harbor channel, of the ships of different sizes are met.


—This paper studies the decentralized H ∞ control problem for a class of compartmental networks, where the controller gain matrix is required to be diagonal and elementwise restricted. To solve the problem, we first propose a novel characterization under which the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed H ∞ performance. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a required controller is obtained, and an iterative linear matrix inequality approach is developed to solve the design condition. Moreover, a D − K iteration method is presented to optimize the initial value such that the solvability of the original problem can be further enhanced. Finally, the obtained results are illustrated through an application to a simple air traffic flow network model.


Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is a highly adaptable forage, pasture and turf grass that is grown on over 14 M ha in the eastern half of the United States and in other temperate regions of the world. A significant factor in adaptability, productivity and stand persistence is in part due to the presence of an intercellular, seed-transmissible, endophytic fungus, Epichloë coenophiala. Epichloë endophytes have been shown to produce a number of alkaloid compounds only in planta, some that are beneficial in repelling insects, while others are toxic to animals. The goal of this work was to monitor the level of the ergot and loline (classified as pyrrolizidine) alkaloid accumulation in individual plants to determine the plant genotype contribution to alkaloid concentrations. The experimental design consisted of sixteen tall fescue KY31 clones in a space-planted, replicated trial over three years. Our results demonstrated that while changes in the alkaloid concentrations for each plant/endophyte genotype were observed over the three years, the overall alkaloid levels remained relatively constant when compared to other plant/endophyte genotypes combinations in the field. Additionally, overall levels of the ergot and loline alkaloid accumulation did not vary in the same way over the three years. Since the E. coenophiala endophyte genotype was the same across all clones, our results indicate that it is the plant genotype that is responsible for determining alkaloid levels in each plant, and suggest that the signal(s) from the plant to the endophyte may not be the same for ergot and loline alkaloid production.


We report theoretical investigations of the reaction of [((MeArO)3mes)U] with CO2 in order to support previously reported experimental data. Experimentally, the reaction in toluene leads to the immediate formation of the bridging carbonate complex [{((MeArO)3mes)UIV}2(μ-η2:η2-CO3)] at room temperature. DFT calculations show that the preferred reaction pathway is a three-step mechanism: first, the formation of a dinuclear CO2 complex, followed by concomitant release of CO, forming the corresponding bridging μ-oxo species. The final step involves insertion of a CO2 molecule into a U−O bond, forming the carbonate product. Calculations reveal this three-step process to be thermodynamically favorable and kinetically accessible. An alternate pathway that proceeds through an oxalate dinuclear complex is also explored. Although the oxalate complex is calculated to be the thermodynamic product of the reaction, a high activation barrier prevents its formation.


Vascular permeability is tightly controlled, in particular in the cerebral microvasculature, thus factors able to modulate permeability are of physiological importance. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can be released by many cell types including mononuclear phagocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of various origins, and is involved in a variety of cellular responses, including modulation of vascular permeability. IL-6 is synthesized as a precursor propeptide which is proteolytically processed to the active hormone, then degraded, by as yet unknown enzymatic pathways. Unstimulated brain-derived microvessels, primary cells and cell lines, all secreted bioactive IL-6. Cell lines secreted IL-6 exclusively as a 25 kD peptide. In order to understand mechanisms regulating the secretion of IL-6 in cerebral endothelium, levels of IL-6 were measured in cell culture supernatants of brain-derived endothelial cells exposed to dexamethasone, forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP and inhibitors of serine-proteases. In primary cells an...


The invention discloses a pumping pressure type packaging bottle which comprises a bottle body, a piston, a gland, an upper cover and a base, wherein the bottle body is in a cylindrical shape and is internally provided with a taper partition wall belonging to a whole with the bottle body; the piston is a cylindrical taper, and the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body of the piston are respectively provided with a horn mouth-shaped flanging; the gland is in a cylindrical shape with a top provided with an inclined and penetrated discharge outlet, the gland is internally provided with an annular groove, and a cup-shaped pump body is fastened on the groove; the base is in a disk shape; the piston is sleeved on the lower part of the partition wall in the bottle body, and the gland is sleeved on the upper part of the partition wall in the bottle body; the base is buckled at the bottom of the bottle body; and an upper cover covers the gland and is buckled on the top of the bottle body. The invention has novel structure, attractive appearance, convenient use, complete use of packaging materials and low production cost.


Introduction.- Physical and technical background.- Mathematical background of statistical PIV evaluation.- PIV recording techniques.- Image evaluation methods for PIV.- Post-processing of PIV data.- Three-component PIV measurements on planar domains.- Examples of applications.- Bibliography.- Matrices for perspective projection.- Mathematical appendix.- List of symbols.- Index.


An annotated list of birds sighted by Timothy Dwyer and Allan Hahn. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly field report of Spring 1986.


The research that supports this paper was based on three axes: the relationship between talent management theory and talent management practices in companies, traditional talent management practices, and innovative talent management practices. The interviews with the Heads of Talent Management that participated in the study were analyzed with tools for qualitative analysis of information, such as ATLAS.ti. Thus, we were able to identify a set of practices that have been successful for organizations, besides being innovative. We found a clear relationship between some daily life aspects in companies and conceptual references about talent management. Keywords: Organization, talent management, successful practice.


Part 1 The Economic Challenge Chapter 1 Economics: The Core Issues Appendix: Using Graphs Chapter 2 The U.S. Economy: A Global View Chapter 3 Supply and Demand Chapter 4 The Role of Government Part 2 Measuring Macro Outcomes Chapter 5 National Income Accounting Chapter 6 Unemployment Chapter 7 Inflation Part 3 Cyclical Instability Chapter 8 The Business Cycle Chapter 9 Aggregate Demand Appendix: The Keynesian Cross Chapter 10 Self-Adjustment or Instability? Part 4 Fiscal Policy Tools Chapter 11 Fiscal Policy Chapter 12 Deficits and Debt Part 5 Monetary Policy Options Chapter 13 Money and Banks Chapter 14 The Federal Reserve System Chapter 15 Monetary Policy Part 6 Supply-Side Options Chapter 16 Supply-Side Policy: Short-run Options Chapter 17 Growth and Productivity: Long-run Possibilities Part 7 Policy Constraints Chapter 18 Theory versus Reality Part 8 International Economics Chapter 19 International Trade Chapter 20 International Finance Chapter 21 Global Poverty Glossary Index Reference Tables


It is often said that economic growth promotes human development but it is not always true that economic growth automatically results in poverty reduction and human development. This paper illustrates that policies play an important role in establishing this link. It examines the differences between Kazakhstan's and Kyrgyzstan's health policy and spending to understand factors explaining why two countries with a significant economic difference do not differ in their health outcomes for children. In doing so, it explores the main health policies of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan and their implications for children's lives from a capability perspective built within a concern of human development more broadly.


The object of the present study was to investigate the association between common CETP polymorphism, TaqI in intron 1, and high density lipoprotein levels in Tehran population. In order to examine the relationship between B2 allele and HDL-C level, 356 people with the lowest, medium and highest deciles of HDL cholesterol levels were selected out of 993 healthy subjects from TLGS. Factors known to influence HDL cholesterol level, such as smoking, body mass index and blood pressure were then studied. A segment of mentioned gene was amplified with PCR and then polymorphism was revealed with RFLP. The allele frequency distributions of the TaqI (intron1) polymorphism differed significantly between the groups with low(<28mg/dl) and high(>50mg/dl) HDL cholestrol. Homozygotes for the B1 allele had lower HDL-C levels(36±11mg/dl) than subjects carrying B2 allele(46±13mg/ml)(P<0.001). The percentile of B2B2 allele in high HDL-C groups was more than low HDL-C groups(17.3%, 5.5% respectively). In conclusion, it was found out that TaqI polymorphism at the CETP gene is correlated with HDL cholesterol levels.


A pilot Bus Passenger Information System has been in operation on the Sydney Buses Airport Express Bus Service since March 1992. The initial pilot system has been developed over the past few years into a flexible, adaptable system which is currently being used as the test platform for an RD Identification of buses; Methods of predicting future bus movements; Adaptability and scaleability of the system; Data used by the system; Data collected by the system; Operating modes; Installed systems in Sydney and Singapore; Response from bus operators to the system. The paper also discusses intended future developments of the system, including the expansion of the system to other bus services, and the results of evaluation of other vehicle location and communications technologies. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. 899454.


This paper suggests the basic steps to apply Markov Chain to predicti on in market economy and to prediction for sales status, market share and expect ed profit of enterprises' products


The determination of chlorite ion by flow injection analysis(FIA) with iodometric UV detec- tion were investigated. Under rather acidic condition, chlorite ion react with iodide ion to form iodine and itself is reduced to chloride ion. The chlorite ion was determined indirectly by measuring absorbance of yellow col- ored iodine at 370 nm. The lengths of the mixing coil and the reaction coil, the pH of the acid stream, the con- centration of the iodide ion, the injection loop volume, temperature, and flowrate were optimized as parameters for selectively determining a sort of inorganic disinfection by-product, chlorite ion by using FIA-UV detection setup. Masking agents for removing oxidants or interferences from the prepared water were tested. Independent calibration curve presented linear range of 0.002-0.2 mg/L for chlorite ion with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 or better. The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.18 μg/L for chlorite ion.


Data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) inform powerful diagnostic tools that can help avert catastrophic failures in the power grid. Because of this, understanding PMU measurement errors is particularly valuable. This paper examines internal and external factors contributing to PMU phase angle and frequency measurement errors and gives a reasonable explanation for each. Based on these explanations, the impact of those measurement errors on several synchrophasor applications are analyzed: event location detection, oscillation detection, islanding detection, and dynamic line rating.


Sencongwen's fictions in his middle and later period represented the sense structure of confrontation of city and villiage culture. "Xiaoxiao" written in 1929 as a concerment to the female situation in the sense structure should not be overlooked. This thesis try to find the fiction'naration structure by analyzing the text and excavate its vaied deep implication. Xiaoxiao,the fiction's character is a mirror image of life which is under the writer's reasoning watching and emotional casting.


The reaction kinetics for the formation of CuInSe2 thin films from a stacked bilayer precursor consisting of InSe and CuSe was studied by means of in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction. In particular, the isothermal phase evolution of the glass/InSe/CuSe precursor was observed at different temperatures. The pathway produces a CuInSe2 diffusion barrier layer that also functions as a nucleation barrier. Hence, amorphous and crystalline phases simultaneously grow during isothermal processing. The shape of the time-resolved fractional reaction curve exhibits a deceleratory behavior, consistent with the presence of a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism. Analyses based on Avrami and parabolic-rate laws were conducted. The Avrami exponent for each isothermal reaction is in the range 0.5–0.8, which indicates that the growth reaction is dominantly one-dimensional diffusion controlled. The estimated apparent activation energy for this reaction is 66.0 kJ/mol. The results based on the parabolic rate model a...


An experimental study of the optical Stark effect in ZnSe-based quantum wells using pump-probe spectroscopy is presented. The Stark shift at both the heavy-hole and the light-hole resonances is measured as a function of pump detuning for samples with different heavy-hole\char21{}light-hole separations. The coupling between the heavy hole and the light hole has to be taken into account to explain the observed dependence on the pump wavelength detuning and polarization of pump and probe pulses. For a range of samples the Stark shift behavior is characterized by the ratio of the detuning to the heavy-hole to light-hole separation; higher order Coulomb correlations play a prominent role when the ratio is less than 2.


A high-efficiency synchronous speed control system for dc motors using the phase-locked technique is presented. The performance is derived in terms of system parameters. Some experimental results with a 1/4-hp dc motor are given.


In this article, the design of chip-less RFID tag antenna is presented. The chip-less RFID tag functions in frequency domain. The geometry of the tag is developed on FR4 epoxy substrate with footprint of 12.6 x 12.6 mm2. The structure consists of a triangular open loop resonator loaded with micro-metallic patches of triangular shape. The tag can map 1-bit memory, used to encode one-bit, and its code density of 5.668 bits/cm2. The analysis of RFID tag is discussed in terms of monostatic RCS configurations and also proposed the possible combinations with micro-metallic patches and analyzed in terms of RCS. The designer can use the available configuration for a wide range of modern applications.


This experiment analysed the operation of submerged and dripping biological filters with three types of filling: commercial fitting HXF12KLL (CF), two innovative polypropylene aggregates (PPA) and polyethylene screw caps for PET bottles (PSC). The experiment determined the time needed to reach full filter functionality at the maturation stage, the time needed to start successive stages of the nitrification process and the maximum concentration of each nitrogen compound in water in the recirculation systems. The filter operation characteristics after the maturation stage were also examined. These issues are crucial during the preparation and launch of new aquaculture facilities. A literature analysis indicated that the ability of biological filters to oxidise nitrogen compounds is affected by a number of factors. Studies conducted at various centres have covered selected aspects and factors affecting the effectiveness of biological filters. During this study, the model fish common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used. The current experiment involved examination of biological filter maturation and operation during the carp fry rearing stage, which allowed the biofilter operation characteristics to be determined. At the third day of the experiment, the ammonium concentration reached approximately 3 mg NH4-N/dm3. It remained at this level for 10 days and later decreased below 0.25 mg NH4-N/dm3. The maximum nitrite concentration ranged from 11.7 mg/dm3 to 20.9 mg NO2-N/dm3 within 9 to 20 days and later decreased with time. Nitrate concentrations were seen to increase during the experiment. The all applied biofilter media showed possibility to be used in commercial aquaculture systems.


ObjectiveEvaluate an intervention to improve an alliance between an interdisciplinary team and clients with traumatic brain injury attending post–acute brain injury rehabilitation. DesignProspective design, 2 consecutive samples—historical control (CNT) and treatment (TX). MethodsSample of 104 clients (69 CNT, 35 TX) admitted to post–acute brain injury rehabilitation completed admit/discharge questionnaires. ResultsThe TX group had higher functional status at discharge than the CNT group. Stronger team alliance was associated with program completion, return to productivity, stronger client alliance, less family discord, and fewer depressive symptoms. ConclusionsFindings provide direction for a larger study examining the effectiveness of this intervention to improve outcome after traumatic brain injury.


At present, it has not yet been determined whether metastasis can be transferred cross‐lobe to peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) from other lobes in early stages of lung cancer, especially without any direct involvement to the pleura and parenchyma of the lobe. This study was conducted to investigate this issue.


The association between social support and mental well-being was studied in a Finnish factory closure study involving the entire personnel (n = 211) of Finnforest wood-processing factory 6 months after they had been made redundant. Mental well-being was measured by using a 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ score), a 13-item Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI score), and a 13-item questionnaire assessing psychosomatic symptoms (PS score). One hundred and sixty-eight persons (79%) returned the questionnaires. Thirty-three of these were excluded from the analysis because they had already found a new job. Sixteen per cent (n = 21) considered social support insufficient, and 84% (n = 114) considered it good or adequate. All instruments used indicated that those who considered social support insufficient experienced impaired mental well-being more often than the others. The association between insufficient social support and impaired mental well-being was not related to age or marital status. Insufficient...


One rarely discussed consideration in method selection is how non-research stakeholders may view the outcomes in light of the selected method. In an applied context, these stakeholders may be the primary decision makers. Thus, it is important to maximize the impact research has on these stakeholders. HF/E researchers should understand their stakeholder's background and preconceptions, as these affect how the stakeholder consumes research; They may view certain methods as more or less impactful, regardless of validity. This is a sometimes overlooked consideration for HF/E researchers when designing their studies. This panel, drawn from a diverse background, will discuss their experience in accommodating and/or integrating stakeholder perspectives into their research design. Audience members will be given the opportunity to ask panelists questions during the latter portion of the panel.


Raising funds on commercial credit is a common and natural way for enterprises.However,if it is not handled properly,the profit of the enterprises will be reduced with the result that the operational risk and general risk of the enterprises will be enhanced and become difficult to control.Therefore one must be careful when using this way to raise fund and control it.Below certain scale and keep its original nature for raising funds.


Tight carbonate reservoir rocks are increasingly being acidized to etch flow paths and create wormhole networks to increase oil and gas productivity. Dissolution of rocks along the path of acid flow has been shown to increase porosity and permeability thereby leading to enhanced recovery. Understanding the geometry of wormholes and quantifying the amount of dissolution will enable better and more efficient acid stimulation programs in both acid fracturing and in matrix acidizing. Many reported experiments characterize wormholes in one-dimension (1-D) and provide little information on the change in porosity as a function of pore volume and pore structure. However, fluid flow in a reservoir is a three-dimensional (3-D) phenomenon, and directly related to pore connectivity. Understanding the geometry of wormholes in 3-D as well as quantifying the change in rock porosity as a result of acid treatment is pertinent for the design of effective acid stimulation. This paper presents the visualization of worm holes in 3-D and quantification of the change in porosity using X-ray computed tomography. Four carbonate plug samples were scanned before and after acid treatment, with the posttreatment images being spatially registered to the pre-treatment images. Subtracting the registered post-treatment images from corresponding pre-treatment images provided sets of difference images which illustrated the geometry of the generated worm holes in 3-D. The change in porosity of the plugs were determined by calibrating the grayscale values of the difference images against the grayscale values of the sample matrix from the preacid treatment images. Results demonstrate the formation of a single principal wormhole from top to bottom in all four samples. The wormholes were non- linear but followed a tortuous path which can be correlated with compositional and structural changes in the samples. The change in porosity ranges between 1% and 3%. The datasets from this work provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of acid treatment and can be used as inputs into acid stimulation models to produce better results.


Library and study bookshelves abound with biographies of St Francis. So anything published today about him has to be different. Moreover, it has to have depth. James Cowan's book, Francis: A Saint's Way (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2001. cio.99. pp. i8o. ISBN 0-340-78608-6) meets both criteria. The author's principal aim is to enter into the spirit of St Francis, to see beyond familiar images. To this end he lived in Italy for three years, walking in the footsteps of this saint and sleeping in his caves. What


It is summarized the IGCT's development in the recent five years. New products of domestic IGCTs are introduced. The technology progress is summarized and the application's trends are pointed out.


The celebrated Paxos algorithm of Lamport implements a fault-tolerant deterministic service by replicating it over a distributed message-passing system. This paper presents a deconstruction of the algorithm by factoring out its fundamental algorithmic principles within two abstractions: an eventual leader election and an eventual register abstractions. In short, the leader election abstraction encapsulates the liveness property of Paxos whereas the register abstraction encapsulates its safety property. Our deconstruction is faithful in that it preserves the resilience and efficiency of the original Paxos algorithm in terms of stable storage logs, message complexity, and communication steps. In a companion paper, we show how to use our abstractions to reconstruct powerful variants of Paxos.


On Friday, 15 July 2016, Bryant Bannister, Director Emeritus of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and Emeritus Professor of Dendrochronology at the University of Arizona (UA), passed away in Tucson, Arizona. The world has lost a towering figure in the development and expansion of dendrochronology around the world. More to the point, his numerous friends and colleagues have lost an inspirational and far-sighted leader, a wise counselor, and an innovative and productive scholar. Bryant Bannister was born in Phoenix, Arizona, on 02 December 1926. After a stint as an American Field Service ambulance driver with the British Army in Burma during World War II, he resumed his career as a student at Yale University where he received his Bachelor's degree in 1948. He spent the summer of 1948 as a student at the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School at Point of Pines on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, after which he matriculated as a graduate student in the UA Department of Anthropology. He TREE-RING RESEARCH, Vol. 72(2), 2016, pp. 111–112 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-72.02.111


It is shown that it is decidable if a given configuration of a pushdown automaton (pda) with no epsilon-transitions is bisimulation equivalent with some unspecified finite-state process. While the semidecidability of the positive case has been long clear, it is the existence of a finite effectively verifiable witness of the negative case which is the crucial point here. The presented algorithm also uses a procedure for deciding bisimilarity between pda configurations, which is known due to Senizergues (1998, 2005). The complexity of the procedure is non-elementary, as shown by Benedikt, Goeller, Kiefer, and Murawski (2012), but the EXPTIME-hardness (Kucera and Mayr 2002, and Srba 2002) remains the only known complexity bound for the problem.


It is significant in improving educational quality for a college to make the assessment of the educational level.The teaching and research section plays an important role in the assessment.There are a lot of problems in present operation of the teaching and research section,which are not in conformity with the development of higher education.It is urgent to strengthen the administration reform of the teaching and research section.


This paper describes a quantitative analogy between developing laminar flows in the inlet regions of curved pipes and orthogonally rotating straight pipes through similarity arguments and computational studies. Three-dimensional developments of these flows are characterized by secondary flows due to the centrifugal or the Coriolis force. Similarity considerations with taking the secondary flow into account result in a pair of governing parameters and a dimensionless axial distance for each flow. When the second parameter is large enough in each flow, we have a quantitative analogy between them ; the computed results for the two flows show strong similarity regarding the developments of flow structure, wall friction, and velocity profile of primary and secondary flows.


As an imitation of actions, theatre is representational. Different aspects of performative arts like theatre are a reflection of the contemporary age in which they are written and performed. Theatre in Calcutta, India, in the nineteenth century started being influenced by the colonial and European models. The changes brought in by colonial modernity are major tropes in many of the plays of that time. Colonial modernity brought English education, western liberal ideas and new lifestyle, which attracted the youth and made them criticize the old and traditional ways. Krishnamohan Bandyopadhyay's (also spelt as Krishna Mohana Banerjea) The Persecuted and Michael Madhusudan Dutt's Ekei Ki Bole Sabbhyata? [Is This Called Civilization?] are two plays that represent the so-called colonial modernity and show how changes were taking place in the society in the colonial period in Bengal. The characters from two generations, the older following the traditional ways and the younger ones following Englishness, depict a confrontation of two civilizations. Ideologies, worldviews and new habits are formed among the youths, which are despised by the elders. The plays, thus, question the modern ways, that, if they really mean a civilization. This article attempts to show how the plays can be read as social critique at par with comedy of humours and comedy of manners.


The problem of environmental pollution has now acquired global significance. Helminth eggs in liquid manure laid in open-type sedimentation tanks in October-November, remain viable for 12 months or more, and in spring-summer manure for 4–5 months. Therefore, uninfected liquid manure in both winter and summer poses a serious threat of contamination of reservoirs, soil, groundwater, feed and pastures with dangerous pathogens for humans and animals. This circumstance makes it necessary to carry out disinfestation of manure of all categories. Based on the above, the purpose of the work was to analyze existing methods of manure disinfection and manure effluents. All methods of deworming (disinvasion) of manure and its fractions can be divided into three groups: biological, physical and chemical. It is generally recognized that biological methods for decomposing organic waste are considered environmentally acceptable and cost-effective. Some of the analyzed physical and chemical methods also have a certain effectiveness of disinfection. When using these groups of disinfectants, constant monitoring and compliance with technological parameters is necessary, as well as the norms for the consumption of disinfectants and the exposure time must be observed.


Recent work on the task of automating sensor placement for inspection has focussed primarily on deriving a single view of a set of object features that will satisfy a set of basic inspection requirements. From a single view, however, accurate dimensional inspection cannot be carried out. This goal can only be achieved through the use of multi-station sensor configuration in combination with the method of optical triangulation. In this paper, fundamental issues regarding the design of multi-station configurations are addressed. Firstly, the bundle method is introduced as a powerful and flexible mathematical tool for the estimation of object feature coordinates and analysis of the quality (precision and reliability) of these estimates. Secondly, basic considerations leading to the design of configurations which satisfy accuracy specifications are reviewed. The impact of these considerations on the placement of individual sensor stations is examined. Finally, development of an expert system being built on the expertise of photogrammetrists and design considerations knowledge for automating the design of multi-station configurations task is outlined.


Keratoacanthoma is a relatively common, low-grade cutaneous tumor that most commonly exhibits a self-limiting behavior. The lesions present as firm, sharply defined nodules with a central ulceration or prominent keratin plug. Pertinent physical findings are usually limited to the skin, with the majority of the lesions favoring the sun-exposed areas [1]. Histopathological characteristics highly resemble those of squamous cell carcinoma. Observation strategy is questionable and rarely practiced as a therapeutic means. Surgical excision of the entire lesion is a gold standard regimen [1,2].


An attempt was made to explore the subject areas of human activity, into which the ideas of the systemic nature of being have penetrated, the system theory has found further development, and the methods of system analysis are used in solving practical problems. In the end, there were 10 such areas – philosophy, biology and medicine, cybernetics, military science, systems engineering, economics and management, information technology, ecology, synergetics, culture and sociology – each of which was analyzed in the context of the triad: influence on the development of general systems theory – availability of specialized system theories – application and development of the system analysis methodology. The ideas of well-known scientists, scientific schools and manufacturing companies were analyzed that made a significant contribution to the development of a systematic approach in the subject area under consideration.


Sinter flue gas desulphurization ash contains lots of calcium sulfate and free calcium oxide,when it was directly used in curdle material,its coaqulation time is becoming length and early strength was reduced,it also easily leaded volume of cement scleroses expand and made scleroses's performance worse.In this study,affect factors of compound powder were discussed,such as the joined method,the joined level and the temperature of oxidation treatment.As the result showed,it can have a good reaction performance which used the method of processing of water with 5% desulphurization slag ash in compound powder after 550℃ oxide treatment.


Chitinases and B-1, 3-glucanases were purified from the primary and secondary corm of Gastrodia elata by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, chromato-graphies on activated charcoal, sephadex G-50, DEAE-sephadex and hydroxyapatite column. Their yields in primary corm, 0.4 and 0.2 mg/100g FW respectively, were ca. 3 times higher than those in secondary corm. The chitinase and B-1, 3-glucanase from primary corm, which is infected by Armillarilla mellea and supplies with nutrition for primary corm and secondary corm, were compared with those from secondary corm, which cannot be infected by A. mellea, in physical property, enzymic activity and antifungal activity. On SDS-PAGE, the chitinases and B-1, 3-glucanases from primary corm, mol wt 31.5 and 94.0 KD respectively, and secondary corm, mol wt 34.5 and 91.0 kD, all showed a single band. The specific activities of the hydrolases from primary corm were ca. 30 times higher than those from secondary corm, but their antifungal activities were ca. 7 times higher than the secondary hydrolases's. The contribution of the chitinase and B-1, 3-glucanase in primary corm to G. elata's defense against pathogen is only one seventith of GAFP's. This suggests that the hydrolases are not effective antifungal agent but GAFP. The hydrolases in primary corm are thought to partially digest the growth hyphae tip of A. mellea.


The influence of calcium chloride on pungency of welsh onion varieties Gongchuanyibentai and Shiguoyibentai was studied.The two materials were cultured in Hoagland solution containing different concentrations of calcium chloride for 30 days.The pyruvic acid content was determined to reflect the pungency by alliinase method.The results indicated that the contents of pyruvic acid decreased with the increase of the calcium chloride concentration.The pungency of Gongchuanyibentai decreased more than that of Shiguoyibentai.


Objective To investigate the effect of food intake during hemodialysis on the change of blood pressure. Methods Three consecutive HD runs in 36 stable HD patients (n=108)were studied. Food intake (FI), body weight controlled FI(FI/BW) and ultrafiltration controlled FI(FI/UF) were calculated. The blood pressure before and during hemodialysis were recorded. The correlation of FI with blood pressure and with hypotension was analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors related to intradialytic hypotension. Results The mean FI was (0.11±0.30) kg.The mean systolic blood pressure(SBP) was (126±29) mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was (65±15) mmHg, mean MAP was (83±18) mmHg. FI, FI/BW and FI/UF were not correlated with either SBP, DBP or MAP. Patients experienced hypotension in 54 dialysis runs (50%).There was no significant difference of mean FI, FI/BW and FI/UF in runs with hypotension with those without hypotension. Diabetes and large ultrafiltration were risk factors of intradialytic hypotension. Conclusions FI within a certain range has no significant impact on blood pressure and it does not correlate significantly with dialysis hypotension. Diabetes and large ultrafiltration are risk factors of intradialytic hypotension.


The roadheader faults are highly concerned by machinery factories. Facing the variety of the roadheader faults, the complex relationships between fault sources, as well as the difficulties of fault diagnosis, this paper proposed a method to set up the dynamic fault tree of roadheader. Modular method is used to split the fault tree into dynamic module and static module. Specifically, the binary decision diagram (BDD) method is used in static analyze module, while the dynamic module is built up considering the logical relationship between different faults thoroughly. This method combines the benefits of both static module and dynamic module to figure out the formation of faults. It is valuable in engineering to give guidance in the reliability design of roadheaders.


The present disclosure relates to an electronic smoking article that provides the delivery of improved aerosol. In particular, the article comprises a useful wicking element in improving the delivery of an aerosol precursor to the heating element. In particular, the wick can exhibit a brush-like configuration. The present disclosure further relates to a method of forming an aerosol in a smoking article. .FIELD 1


The European Space Agency (ESA) will conduct a mission to Mars during the 2003 launch opportunity, called Mars Express. Much of the payload is similar to that of the failed Mars 96 orbiter, but a completely new instrument has been selected for the payload, the Subsurface Sounding Radar/Altimeter (SSRA). The SSRA experiment is a joint project between the University of Rome, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Alenia Aerospazio, Italy. This paper describes the science objectives of the experiment, the instrument characteristics, and applications of the SSRA investigation to studies of the martian polar regions.


Based on intelligent system and its management requirements of certain hiring out type office building, the application research of integration management of building intellectualizing system was carried out for discussing and solving the interconnectivity, interoperability and information exchange to establish an intelligent integration information management gallery oriented every intelligent system and its realty management system.


The operating reliability indices for the heating surfaces of KVGM boilers with different water chemistries in the heat-supply system are compared. The decisive role of in-depth softening and deaeration of the make-up water for the heat-supply system in order to increase their operating resource was confirmed. The range of parameters in which highly concentrated NaCl solutions are less corrosive than demineralized water is examined. The relation between the amount of internal deposits along the perimeter of coils arranged in a staggered order in the convective banks and the specifics of heat transfer at high velocities of gas flow is presented.


In this study, traditional consumer complaint behaviours (CCBs) are re-examined in an experiential context; specifically, the consumption of live sport. It is proposed that these behaviours are not motivated by the "traditional" antecedents, and further, that they are not enacted with the purpose of reducing dissonance. Instead, it would appear that traditional CCBs, such as private responses, direct voicing and third party action take on a more functional role in the sport consumption experience. The possibility exists that for some spectators, these CCBs, which have been traditionally classified as negative, actually contribute to overall enjoyment of, and satisfaction with, a sport consumption experience. A review of literature in the area is presented, and a theoretical model of CCB in the experiential context is offered.


Generating broadband ground motions requires fine enough scales in the source model, but small scales may lead to unacceptable computational efforts for source inversion. To resolve this challenge, a novel kinematic source inversion method is proposed in this study to map the detailed rupture process associated with broadband seismic radiation. This method addresses two key issues for imaging the rupture process of earthquakes: proper source models describing the rupture process and accurate Green's functions. For the first issue, the rupture process of target earthquakes is modeled by a recently proposed multidimension source model, which is composed of several superimposed layers with degressive scales to generate broadband ground motions. Due to the self‐similarity of the parameters of subsource on different layers, the number of variables to be considered in the inversion procedure is comparable to that of the conventional finite‐fault source model. For the second issue, the spectral element method is used to compute the Green's functions with high‐resolution topography and three‐dimensional (3D) velocity structures. The introduction of accurate 3D velocity structures enables to reproduce the ground motions of target earthquakes in a wide range of frequency. With the multidimension source model and accurate Green's functions, an evolutionary many‐objective optimization algorithm is used to search for the best rupture‐process parameters. The rupture process of the 1992 Landers earthquake is mapped by the proposed inversion method, and the ground motions from the forward simulation with the inverted rupture process have an impressive agreement with the records in a wide range of frequency.


Pronounced in English as part of the 11th international conference of the Pacific Islands Political Studies Association (PIPSA), held at the University of Auckland (New Zealand) on 3rd and 4th December 2009 on the theme "Pacific Democracy, What's Happening? ", this conference is to present the participation of Caledonian populations to the statutory changes affecting the archipelago of New Caledonia, notably on the horizon of the next referendum on the future of this territory from 2014 to 2018.

The tensions of the 80s, which led to the Matignon-Oudinot Agreement of 1988 and to the Noumea Accord of 1998, have indeed led to the recognition of a "Caledonian citizenship", quite new French law and to a specific recognition Kanak people in law. Above all, the resolution of the conflict has led to a genuine process of negotiation to three (State-Kanak-Loyalists), whom the conclusions are subject of repeated referendums, and continued in the annual meetings under the auspices of the central power. This is probably a unique case of decolonization process through discussion and mutual recognition, in a historical continuity permiting to crossed over on time the different obstacles, and in which the State is not a direct party but arbiter between the communities living in the area.


With the large-scale access of distributed generation in distribution network, operation control of distribution network faces new challenges. Active distribution network is not to distribute electric energy passively, but to achieve coordinated optimization of source-network-load-storage through active management. Considering different types of distributed generation such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and so on, energy storage devices and flexible loads in active distribution network management, a day-ahead optimization model of active distribution network is established. Taking the day-ahead 24 hours active power output of the distributed generation as the optimization variable, and the minimum operating cost of electric power company as the objective function, the model can realize the maximum consumption of distributed generation and the economical and efficient operation of distribution network. The model is solved by means of adaptive particle swarm algorithm and verified by a modified IEEE 33-node distribution network.


This paper will describe the design, implementation and measured performance of broadband digital amplitude and phase control MMICs. It will also describe the design of a broadband, high isolation Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch, which was a key building block used in both designs. The MMICs to be presented are a 0.5GHz-18GHz 5-bit Digitally Controlled Attenuator (DCA) and a 8GHz-12GHz 5-bit Digitally controlled Phase Shifter (DPS). Both MMICs were realized on a commercially available 0.15 μm pHEMT process from WIN Semiconductor. GaAs pHEMT processes have become the industry choice for the realization of high linearity RF switches. Fig la is a photograph of the fabricated pHEMT SPDT test structure, which is similar to the SPDT used in both MMICs. Fig lb shows the measured results for the SPDT. The paper will describe the requirements, design, layout and measured performance (first tape out) of both the 5-bit DCA (Fig. 2a & 2b) and the 5-bit DPS (Fig. 3a &3b). (3 pages)


The recent spate of corporate scandals has raised a debate about the amount of control executives have over their firms, which parallels a similar debate about managerial control between agency the...


The drug is one of the most important part of the healing process, healthrestoration and also prevention of a disease. The preparation and administration of drugsshould be done accurately by nurses. JCHO data obtained also showed that 44,000 of the98,000 deaths that occur in hospital every year due to medical errors. Objective Todetermine what factors are associated with the application of the principle of the rightdrug at the hospital six Curup 2014. The method used is descriptive cross sectionalAnalytical approach. Research done in the area of obstetrics and children's hospitalsCurup on April 1 - April 14, 2014. This study use total sampling technique that is 35person. Data collection tool used was a questionnaire and observation sheet. Applicationof the principle of the right drug at the hospital six Curup majority of respondents 23(65.7%) applying the principle of "Six Right" exactly. There is no relationship betweenage, education, and knowledge of the proper application of the six principles ofmedicine. But, there is a relationship between length of employment with the properapplication of the six principles of medicine. It is expected that the hospitaladministration can oversee the implementation of the six principles right.


The reactions of tBu2P–P=P(tBu2)CH2Li at low temperature with dichlorophosphanes RPCl2 (R = Ph, Me, NEt2, tBu) lead to "P-7-chains" as primary products wherein two ylidic moieties are linked by a CH2–PR–CH2 unit. However, if R = tBu the long chain is only a by-product in addition to tBu2P–P= P(tBu2)Me. The thermal decomposition of "P-7-chains" as monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy results in tBu2P–CH2–PR–CH2– PtBu2 ("P-3-chains") and the phosphanylphosphanylidene


Shuttle imaging radar C/X band synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) views of the South Patagonian Icefield in southern Chile and Argentina demonstrate the ability of spaceborne multiparameter radar to detect climatically driven, intra-annual changes in the snow and ice conditions on glaciers. The SIR-C/X-SAR system aboard space shuttle Endeavor acquired images during two 11-day missions in April and October 1994. The radar signatures of differing snow and ice conditions are distinctive and homogeneous over large areas of the ice fields. The signatures are characterized mainly by (1) backscatter amplitude levels, (2) relative amplitudes of the C and L bands (wavelengths of 5.7 and 24 cm, respectively), and (3) polarization properties indicative of volumetric or surface scattering. The radar signatures are interpreted by correlating the radar characteristics with elevation of the snow and ice surfaces and with changes in the meteorological conditions. We are able to define four "radar glacier zones": (zone A) a relatively dry snow zone with dominant C band returns; (zone B) a moderately wet snow zone with dominant L band returns; (zone C) a wet snow zone with weak returns in all bands; and (zone D) bare ice and/or heavily crevassed surfaces with strong returns in all bands. The spatial changes in the radar glacier zones between April and October are consistent with colder temperatures recorded in October, producing drier snow conditions at lower elevations than in April.


From September 2000 to November 2001, we investigated the reproductive behaviour, calling activity pattern and diets of the orange-belly treefrog, Rhacophorus aurantiventris, from a subtropical primary deciduous forest in Taitung, south-eastern part of Taiwan. The study site was located at an elevation of ca. 950 m along the edge of Li-Chan Forestry Trail (22°48'30''N,121°01'30''E). All treefrogs were individually identifiable by toe-chipping.
R. aurantiventris showed sexual dimorphism in which snout vent length (SVL) of females (66.9±2.18 mmn=10) was significantly greater than that of males (56.2±2.35 mm,n=117,t=13.9,P<0.001). The operational sex ratio (OSR) skewed toward males (♂:♀=7.0:1). Reproductive data from males and females suggest that the breeding season was from April to November in 2001 and reproductive activity was correlated with rainfall. No breeding peak was found in this study.
The male calling activity was most intense, shortly after dusk and increased throughout the early evening hours (between 1800 and 2400 h). The calls may be separated into advertisement, encounter, and distress calls. The average number of eggs in one clutch ranged from 1 to 44, and the egg diameter ranged from 3.3 to 4.6 mm. The egg size was the largest, while the clutch size was the smallest among the Rhacophorus genus from Taiwan.
The number of foam nests hatched approached 83.8% due to the limitation imposed by the amount and quality of water hole. Predation by the dragonfly larvae, Orthetrum triangular subsp., was the leading cause of tadpole mortality. Diets consisted of invertebrates of the classes Gastropoda, Arachnida, Chilopoda and Insecta. There was temporal reproductive partition between R. aurantiventris and Chirixalus eiffingeri. It was suspected that the quality of the oviposition site wasthe main limiting factor for the population size of this green treefrog in the wild.


The k i n e t i c s of the carbon monoxide reduction of Cu(TI to Cu(I) i n aqueous solutions were studied at 120°C and carbon monoxide pressures up t o I36O atm. The reduction was followed spectrophotometrically i n a high pressure titanium c e l l speci f i c a l l y developed f o r studying reactions between t r a n s i t i o n ' -metal ions and gaseous reducing agents. The observed k i n e t i c s i n acetate-buffered solutions* y i e l d a rate law of the form -d[Cu(II)] = k i [Cu(II) 3 [Cu(I) ] + k g [Cuf II) f P Cn+k 3[Cu(II) ] 2 P C n <*t [H ] [H ] •t The rate law describes a r e a c t i o n that occurs by two p a r a l l e l : paths, one of which i s e f f e c t i v e l y independent of pressure and i s accounted f o r by a stable carbon monoxide complex, described by Cu(CO) . The pressure-dependent path contains both a pHdependent and pH-independent re a c t i o n . The observed k i n e t i c s are consistent with the f o l l o w i n g mechanism which includes the i n s e r t i o n of a carbon-monoxide molecule between a copper ion and a co-ordinated water molecule.


E.MBRYOLOGY IN THE LABORATORY. PiFESSSOR *MINOT, of Harvard, has brotuglht out a second edition of his valuable Laborator y Textboo7k of Embryology.1 It is illustrated witlh 262 beautifully executed figuLres, while the text is a miodel of clear expositioin. It is intended to direct the student's attenition to actual original observations, and to aidc in drawing correct conclusions frolm these observations. The student repeats and uses tlle actual imiethods by which embryological science lhas been built ulp, so that at the end of the course


Intra-uterine Vaccination.—Bollinger (Allg. Wiener Med. Zeitung). In a paper on variola and vaccina (in Volkmann's series of clinical lectures), Prof. B. mentions a fact hitherto little known, but well confirmed by Reiter's excellent experiments, viz., that a vaccine virus, even in the dilution of one part to 1600, retains its specific efficiency, provided it is offered a large surface to act upon (such as that created by a vesicant). He also affirms that the blood is the agent through which all parts of the body are infected with the virus. From these facts the lecturer infers that the foetus, which has been impregnated in utero with the virus, will possess immunity against vaccine, or variolous virus, for some time after birth. He therefore urges the re-vaccination of women in the eighth month of pregnancy. In cases where this re-vaccination is successful, the infants would be protected from their birth against one of the most dangerous of diseases. And where the re-vaccination was not successful, B. considers it worth trying to render the foetus in utero secure, by subcutaneous or intra-venous vaccination of the mother.


Objective:To observe the clinical useage of gallium alloy as a retrograde filling material.Method:We filled 32 teeth with Gallium alloy,and making a more than 3 months,6 months,9 months' accompanying observation.Result:Except for two example fall off because fracture of the tooth,the good ratio is 93.75% and the failing ratio is 6.25%. Conclusion:After clinical observation,We found that Gallium alloy has no stimulation,no harm,no allergy ,to the mucous membrane in the oral cavity and gum organization,doesn't pollute the enviorenment.And it is a ideal retrograde filling material.


ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the contaminants of concern in coastal marsh environments which are subject to crude oil spills. A laboratory scale mesocosm can be used to complement field study of PAH degradation in coastal marshes. Coastal marsh wetland features, such as its soil, tidal cycles, and flushing, that may play roles in PAH degradation can be simulated in a laboratory mesocosm. The laboratory mesocosm tank is made of acrylic as the main construction material with an air chamber inside the tank which functions as a pneumatic system and tidal water storage compartment. Two trays filled with contaminated marsh wetland soil are situated at two different levels: the lower one is constantly submerged while the higher one is intermittently drained. When the air pressure inside the air chamber is high, the water will flow out from the air chamber to the tank to create high tide. When the air pressure inside the air chamber is low, the water will flow back from the tank to ...


Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonizing the anterior Nares of school children of Udupi Taluk: Erratum The article, "Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonizing the anterior Nares of school children of Udupi Taluk", which appeared in the pages 129-133 of the February 2015 Supplement of Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology[1], was incorrectly classified as a Brief Communication instead of an Original Article. This has now been corrected and reposted online. Reference 1. Govindan S, Maroli AS, Ciraj AM, Bairy I. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonizing the anterior Nares of school children of Udupi Taluk. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015;33:S129-33


The Millikan Oil Drop Experiment is frequently encountered in historical surveys of atomic theory presented during general chemistry courses, but is often not well understood by freshmen. As an aid to understanding, an analogy is drawn between the manner in which the charge on a single electron is deduced from the total charge on an oil drop, and a rather peculiar pricing system in a surreal candy store.


A quantitative methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of evolving systems that will undergo a series of demonstrations is presented. Emphasis is placed on the design of the demonstration by assessing the effectiveness of alternative system configurations. While the methodology has been motivated by METANET, a network of heterogeneous networks, the approach is illustrated through a simple network that consists of heterogeneous components. ABSTRACT First the analytical framework is presented, and then its application to the effectiveness analysis of A quantitative methodology for analyzing the evolving systems such as METANET is described. effectiveness of evolving systems that will undergo a series of demonstrations is presented. Emphasis is 2. THE SYSTEM MODEL placed on the design of the demonstration by assessing the effectiveness of alternative system Let m denote the J-th component of the system configurations. While the methodology has been that is being developed: motivated by METANET, a network of heterogeneous networks, the approach is illustrated through a simple network that consists of heterogeneous components. The components mj can be physical components, i.e., 1. INTRODUCTION nodes of the network or gates between nets, or even specific pieces of hardware such as switches, or they METANET, a multi-year program sponsored by can be software implemented on specific hardware. NAVELEX, can be described as a network of networks, where the objective is to demonstrate the feasibility Since this is an evolving system, at any time t, of effective, reliable communication between a large a component m may not be fully operational. If X(t) heterogeneous set of nodes. At the present time, a denotes the degree to which mj is functional, i.e., demonstration of some aspects of METANET is being planned for 1985. The plan is to freeze a set of 0 < A (t) < 1 (2) components, select a set of nodes and links, and (t) develop a scenario that will (a) demonstrate the capabilities and potential of METANET, and (b) and if CJ denotes a threshold of operability for indicate research and development needs [1]. component J, then S(t) is the subset of S that is operational at time t: The development of METANET poses a number of novel issues regarding the evaluation of measures of (t) C (3) effectiveness (MOE's). The system has not been S(t) {m(t) (t) (3) developed fully yet, so that evaluation of its performance in the field is not possible. i.e., it consists of the elements …


Wheat (Triticum spp.) is highly susceptible to the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, which causes excessive amounts of crop losses each year. In this research, we investigated the cumulative effect of the biocontrol agent Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) against P. thornei. Three doses of P. lilacinum (106, 107 and 108 conidia cultures mL-1) with one dose of 400 P. thornei individuals (adults and juveniles) mL-1 were applied in 100 cm3 soil under greenhouse conditions. The number of nematodes in the soil and root in addition to total nematode in soil+root were determined. Moreover, different plant parameters such as the plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Applications with the higher dose of bio-agents (100 cm3 P. thornei infested soil with 108 conidia culture of P. lilacinum mL-1) exhibited maximal enhancement in dry and fresh weight of shoot and reduced P. thornei population. As a consequence, P. lilacinum individually was highly effective in enhancing different plant parameters and suppressing P. thornei reproduction. Overall, present findings suggest that the exploitation of the biocontrol agent P. lilacinum could be helpful for effective management of the root lesion nematode P. thornei.


Abstract The constitutive relationship between stress and strain for titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has been investigated using tensile tests at four different temperatures that is room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 550 °C. Detail observations on the variation of nature of flow curves in the work hardening regime have been reported at different test temperatures. At room temperature and 550 °C, the flow curves are found to be linear in nature and follow the Hollomon relationship. The flow curves at 200 and 400 °C exhibit non-linear nature and demonstrate Ludwigson relationship. The various constant parameters of above relationships influence the overall strength and ductility of the alloy at different temperatures. The alloy shows presence of premature plastic instability or inflection points in the early period of flow curves and displays a fast decrease in work hardening rate at room temperature and 550 °C, which in turn results in lower values of strain to fracture.


Objective The effects of TPT on the induction of apoptosis of leukemia cells and the regulation of c-myc in mRNA and protein level. Methods RT-PCR method was adopted to examine the expressions of the genes and immune histochemistry for the proteins of c-myc in HL-60 cells treated with TPT of optimal concentration and time. Results After HL-60 cells by TPT of 0.15 μmol/L for 12 h, the expression of c-myc mRNA decreased markedly assayed by RT-PCR. There was a significant difference between the TPT group and the control group(0.17±0.03 vs 1.11±0.25, P <0.05), expressive c-myc protein decreased assayed by evidently immunohistochemistry. The percentage of positive cells expressing c-myc protein was a significant difference between the TPT treated group and the control group (19.67 % vs 68.33 %, P<0.05). Conclusion TPT down-regulates endogenic c-myc mRNA and c-myc protein in HL-60 cells.

Key words:
HL-60 cell;  Proto-oncogene proteins c-myc;  Topotecan


By using color dipole model, the ratios of the p-A Drell-Yan cross section per nucleon for an 800 GeV proton beam incident on Fe and D targets are calculated in the target, rest system. It is shown that our calculations can quite well fit the E772 data with considering the nuclear shadowing effect in p-A Drell-Yan process and without the energy loss effect in it.


The project has been aimed at promoting innovation and exchange of research results for the purpose of improving interaction between EU and Russian innovation players through creation of prerequisites and technical mechanisms for automated data exchange between existing European online infrastructures and the Russian online infrastructure under development. The major objective of the TECHBRID project was to narrow the gap between the performance of European and Russian innovation systems and to enable a better interaction between EU and Russian innovation players. Currently established by the project technical bridges create a data flows between distributed information systems (nodes). It works on permanent base as a system of online services with the following main elements: 1. Nodes "data provider". People and institutions involved in different stages of the innovation process can provide their sets of data into the SININ information hub: a) using online workbench of SININ system; b) providing RSS channel access to their data; c) sending a request to SININ work team to order a customised procedure for exporting user's data into SININ information hub. 2. Nodes "data integrator". People and institutions interested in making own thematic selections of materials about innovations can harvest necessary data from the SININ information hub using popular types of protocols and data formats. 3. Information hub connected all types of nodes and accumulated its metadata in standard database. Two popular gateways for customizable automated data extraction work for data integrators at SININ information hub: a) OAI-PMH gateway; b) RSS 2.0 and its namespace extension. The TECHBRID project output created a virtual information space of accumulated innovation data and an infrastructure of online services of supporting according dataflow. This complex system promotes the transfer of knowledge and improves innovation performance by stimulating a better integration between research and innovation. The project creates a more innovation-friendly environment in Russia, promotes the transfer and exploitation of research results and technologies from research to industry and facilitates the inclusion of Russia in the European innovation-support and technology transfer networks. It results in the intensification of the two-way flow of information about innovative technologies and technology transfer by facilitating the search for technologies and dissemination of offers of innovative technologies and products within the network.


Seasonal patterns ofproteins andofcoldhardiness werecharacterized inbarkandxylem tissues ofgenetically related (sibling) deciduous andevergreen peach(Prunus persica [L.] Batsch). In contrast withdeciduous trees, whichentered endodormancy and abscised leaves inthefall, evergreen trees retained their leaves andexhibited shootelongation underfavorable environmental conditions. Asuccessive increase inthecold hardiness ofbarkand xylem wasobserved during thefall inbothgenotypes. Thiswas followed bya subsequent decrease frommidwinter tospring. Xylem tissue inbothgenotypes exhibited deepsupercooling anda significant correlation (r=0.99) between themidpoint ofthelowtemperature exotherm andthesubzero temperature atwhich 50% injury occurred (assessed byelectrolyte leakage) wasnoted. The maximumhardiness level attained indeciduous trees wasmore thantwofold that ofevergreens. Seasonal pattern ofproteins from bark andxylem ofthesibling genotypes wascharacterized byonedimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectro


Magnetic and seismic reflection data of the Japan Basin with a good quality of ships positioning were selected to make a magnetic anomaly and reflective basement contour maps. The magnetic contour map reveals a number of magnetic anomaly lineations. We identified one additional lineation group trending N70°-75°E in the western side of the two another lineations trending N30°-35°E, N65°E formerly identified by other researches. The trends of these anomalies are qualified to be real ones by use of modified semblance analyses. Age identification of these magnetic anomaly lineations is achieved by introducing a basement magnetization model based on the Cenozoic magnetic reversal time-scale referring to the age constraints of other works. Albeit the Japan Basin has a smooth topography of 3, 000-3, 700 m water depth, the reflective basement map shows fairly rugged topography. The reflective basement topography has no correlation to the magnetic anomaly patterns of the present study area. Therefore we adopt an assumption of a flat magnetic basement model referring to recent seismic refraction studies of this area. Using variable half spreading rates, layer thickness, intensity of natural remanent plus induced magnetization, and skewness parameters, a possible range of ages of the formation of these magnetic anomalies is determined. Among a number of possibilities, we assign the age of these anomalies to 13-24 Ma. The older age 22-24 Ma and a half spreading rate 8.0 cm/yr are the best fit to the eastern area. The central area shows an age 22-24 Ma and a slower half spreading rate 7.5 cm/yr. The youngest age 13-15 Ma, and faster half spreading rate 10.0 cm/yr fit to the western anomaly group. We conclude that the formation of the Japan Basin proceeded toward west changing its spreading direction.


10 years ago, a group of us put on an international meeting at the NIH entitled "The Energetic and Dynamic Basis of Health and Aging" [3]. The centerpiece of our conference was the reification of the term homeodynamics [4]. This word was proposed and elaborated by Dr. Gene Yates of UCLA who was a leader of our conference. Homeodynamics extends homeostasis into a more inclusive term. It is evident that there is no stasis in life. All of life is dynamic. 98% of a body's atoms are replaced each year. The Krebs cycle turns over 2.66x10^21 times per minute. The half-life of an intestinal cell is measured in days. Stasis is nowhere to be found. Life is a verb rather than a noun.


With the coming knowledge economy era, knowledge has become the focus of competition among organizations; the enterprises' capability for innovation has become one of the important dynamic capabilities of the enterprises.In the light of supply-chain-style cluster,knowledge creation is a multi-level dynamic process among individuals,teams and companies; it involves many factors and has complex structure. Individual knowledge creation behavior of organizations and their members can be influenced by not only their own characteristics,but also the supply-chain-style cluster. How to fully understand these major influencing factors is the guarantee for us to improve organizations' capability for managing knowledge creation activities and pursuing better performance. So,only the cross-level method can help us scientifically reveal the relation between different factors and multi-level knowledge creation. Based on the cross-level analysis methods,all factors on cluster level,organization level,team level and individual level are integrated,the impacts of supply-chain-style industrial cluster network and creation climate on multiple-level knowledge creation are investigated,and some related repositions are put forward. Results show that multi-level factors have direct and indirect impact on knowledge creation,and the knowledge creation is a multi-dimensional interaction and level upgrade process.


Sensitive teeth are a rather common clinical problem for which several treatment options have been tested. Laser has been investigated as one of the possible therapies to minimize pain by either obliterating denti- nal tubules or promoting dental analgesia. The purpose of this paper was to review laser effects on hypersensitive dentin and to critically discuss most relevant aspects related to laser therapy in sensitive teeth. Although several studies have detected beneficial effects after laser irradiation of hypersensitive dentin, too many unclear variables make this therapy questionable. Few studies conducted controlled double-blinded randomized trials, despite the fact that hypersensitivity clinical trials are particularly influenced by placebo effects, even when traditional tech- niques are used. Additionally, few follow-ups have been performed to prove long-term effectiveness of laser ther- apy. Diagnosis of etiological factors and modification of habits are rarely commented as important factors related to therapy success. Indeed, few papers compared laser irradiation effects to conventional treatments. Since avail- able evidence is controversial, laser irradiation of hypersensitive teeth should be viewed with caution. Dental pro- fessionals should look carefully at the evidence upon which they base their clinical decisions.


Vocal pedagogy has been undergone significant change in recent times. Technological breakthroughs have provided new tools that have allowed researchers unprecedented methods of observing and analyzing the human voice. These observations and analyses have in turn been used to reevaluate the basic assumptions behind much vocal pedagogy. Despite this expanding pool of knowledge, there are many traditional vocal pedagogy constructs that have been perpetuated despite a lack of data in these areas. One such construct is the common use of voice range categories. Voice range categories such as bass. tenor, alto or soprano have been used by composers for centuries, yet there has been very little research conducted with regards to these categories. There have been studies in related areas such as the personality structure of musicians, pitch range, and the self-identity of singers. In a series of articles, Kemp (I 982a, b) surveyed more than 1350 musicians in an attemptto generate a multidimensional model of personality structure among musicians. These structures were analyzed in terms of age, sex, instrument, and other factors in an effort to better understand those ways in which musicians differ from both the population at large and from one another. A smaller scale study, specifically of university voice majors, was conducted in which a limited number of participants were interviewed directly by the author (Roberts, 1997). This study suggested that singers have a self-identity that is distinct from that of instrumentalists, and that this distinction may be related to the fact that the singer is the instrument. Several studies have been conducted with regards to pitch and singing. Green looked into the effect of vocal modeling on pitch-matching accuracy, determining that children's pitch accuracy was significantly better when responding to either a child or female adult model (Green ,1990). A further study found that pitch accuracy was better when performing in a group than when singing alone (Green, 1994). Flowers and Dunne-Sousa (1990) investigated vocal range and pitch pattern accuracy among preschool children. They found that vocal range was significantly larger when the children were echoing short pitch patterns than when singing songs which required the same range of pitches. This suggests that vocal range may be both physiologically and situationally determined. In his historical review of studies on vocal range, Welch noted that while many studies of vocal range have reported different findings, these differences are largely attributable to differing methodologies and age differences among participants (Welch, 1979). Recently there have been a few studies on self-selected starting pitch. Moore and Kemp (1991) found that both children and adults who selected their own starting pitch tended to sing melodies at the bottom oftheir vocal ranges. Umemoto (1993) disputed these findings, suggesting that singers tend to sing known songs near the original key at which the song was learned when not provided with a reference pitch. Therefore, participants singing known songs will be predisposed to start near the pitch on which the song was learned. Later research found that Umemoto's findings apply when a melody is low in the singer's range, but that singers will pitch high pieces down 4-5 semitones from the original key (Ogawa, 1997). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between voice part and selfselection of a single pitch. By having singers perform only one pitch, song range and the learning effect should be minimized. In doing so, the researcher hopes to contribute data that may help in determining whether voice categories such as alto and soprano are physiologically valid musical constructs. A pilot study was completed prior to engaging in the full study in order to assess the test instruments.


Recent migrants and refugees to Western countries face problems that others have faced before them. This research was one part of a larger project mapping the strategies developed by previous migrant groups so that new migrants might draw on them. Qualitative data were collected during interviews conducted with seven Indian women residing in New Zealand on topics surrounding dating and marriage practices. Findings suggest that while many of the women interviewed appeared to be adapting and modifying some aspects of their attitudes to reflect Western expectations regarding dating and marriage, they were still open to, and accepting of, traditional Indian beliefs regarding arranged marriages. Results are discussed in relation to the general problems encountered by migrants, and are summarised for their practical relevance for newer migrants.


Objective To discuss the safety and practicability of grinding method in the correction of prominent mandibular angle.Methods Three hundred and eighty-four patients with prominent mandibular angle were corrected by grinding method.Vessel and nerve injury incidents were observed during the operation.Postoperative complications and the final effect were also viewed.Results No vessel and nerve injury incident happened.The postoperative recovery was quick and the effect was good.Conclusion Application of grinding method is safe.Shape of the mandibular angle is grace,and the second mandibular angle is effectively avoided.


Thermodynamics of open continua, when applied directly at the macroscopic engineering scale, allows one to extend unambiguously the principal concepts of continuum thermomechanics of solids to polyphasic porous materials, whose fluid constituents are subject to liquid-vapor phase change. This approach provides a consistent and relevant framework for the formulation of the constitutive equations of partially saturated deformable porous materials such as concrete. After recalling the general theory, the modeling is specified for porous materials that are partially saturated by a liquid water phase changing into its vapor phase, the latter forming with the dry air an ideal mixture. The nonlinear poroelasticity, as reference modeling, is then detailed. The theory is applied to the modeling of the drying shrinkage of concrete samples with isothermal sorption curves as only experimental data. The predicted shrinkage is found to be in close agreement with the observed one for a range of humidity greater then 50%. The drying shrinkage of a wall is finally examined. The analysis includes the study of the temperature variations due to latent heat effects. These variations are shown to be negligible.


The present invention relates to produce the method for vinyl acetate. The invention provides a kind of ethylene gas phase oxidation and produce the method for vinyl acetate, it comprises optional ethene preparation process, vinyl acetate building-up process and vinyl acetate subtractive process, wherein in described ethene preparation process, in at least one process of vinyl acetate building-up process and vinyl acetate subtractive process, use following one of at least: steam mechanical recompression, aerial cooler, plate type heat exchanger, and double-shell side shell-and-tube heat exchanger.


Angular distributions of differential cross section and vector analyzing power have been measured for the elastic and inelastic scattering of polarized [sup 6]Li by [sup 26]Mg at 60 MeV bombarding energy. The data have been compared with the results of coupled-channels calculations using phenomenological potentials and coupling strengths derived from inelastic scattering cross-section data and [ital B]([ital E]2) values. The data are reproduced by calculations including couplings between the ground and excited states of the projectile.


The present invention relates to a layered construction of large concrete beams conversion layer method of building structure, comprising the steps of: (1) on the construction site and placed in the measurement line on vertical steel member for lashing, template vertical support member, the binding set, and then the vertical member for pouring concrete; load-bearing frame for erection, and then laying slab bottom mold, then steel beam banding; (2) mounted side mold and slab formwork; (3) on the lower beam for the first concrete pouring time, after completion of the first casting, and utilities for steel banding plate embedded reservation, then the first concrete curing; (4) on the upper portion of a second concrete slab casting, for completion of pouring concrete after curing after the end of the concrete curing removal of the template can be. The present invention is poured concrete and steel banding of water more reasonable tempo arrangements, shorten the construction period, improve the safety of the construction while reducing construction costs.


AbstractThis paper describes the development of a three-axis attitude control system for nanosatellites and CubeSats, based on commercial electronics and capable to work autonomously for attitude stabilization or controlled from Earth to perform real-time orientation maneuvers. The system contains three microreaction wheels and related drivers, three magnetorquers with their control circuits, three magnetometers, and control electronics. The system is completely independent from the host spacecraft, with all systems included in its structure. For autonomous attitude control, an external sensor is required, providing the orientation of a reference source, such as the sun, eventually evaluated based on solar array outputs, Earth, or stars. The communication interface is based on a serial link and can be used to transfer commands, parameters, and housekeeping data. Miniaturization of the system components and of the whole assembly are among the main innovations introduced with respect to traditional attitude...


The design of two air-biogas mixers according to the design literature of these devices for Diesel engine applications was studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The gradient of hydrodynamic variables was profiled on the longitudinal axis of the compared equipment. This research presents a comparison instrument about the efficiency of the design methodology for sizing gaseous fuel air mixing equipment. Comparing the design methodologies of Agudelo and Mitzlaff mixing tubes, the profiles of velocities, pressure profiles and volumetric fraction profiles of the mixtures were obtained.


Six nutrient contents of 3 families with 19 genera and 27 species of fodder shrubs were measured in order to select suitable fodder shrubs to grow in the karst areas in Southwest Guizhou.And thereby promote the development of local animal husbandry and increase the income of farmers,then dates are made quantitative and correlation analysis.1) Indigofera pseudotinctoria and Broussonetia kazinoki meet the requirements of a typical protein feed.2) Mean values of ASH and NFE showed extremely significant difference among three families: The Moraceae had significantly higher ASH content than the other two families.The Leguminosea had significant lower NFE content than the Moraceae and Rosaceae;3) There were high negative correlation coefficients between CF and NFE,EE,CP,and ASH,so the CF content strongly affects the overall nutritional value of fodder shrubs.


A method of semitransparent display is executable without sorting by multi-pass alpha blending for displaying a semitransparent object at a position near to the actual relative position regardless of drawing order. First, in pass 1, an opaque object alone is drawn while a hidden surface removal is executed by Z-buffer algorithm. The Z-buffer is updated. Then, in pass 2, a semitransparent object alone is blended while the hidden surface removal is executed by the Z-buffer algorithm. In this pass, the Z-buffer is not updated. Finally, in pass 3, the semitransparent object alone is blended while the hidden surface removal is executed by the Z-buffer algorithm. In this pass, the Z-buffer is updated. Although the present method needs three passes, without any need for any additional hardware, the drawing time can, however, be kept within a range of practical use, i.e. about twice the time required for the conventional method.


The dynamic modulus is one of the fundamental properties defining the response of asphalt mixtures in a flexible pavement system. It is an essential input of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software for asphalt pavement design. The dynamic modulus can be evaluated by several existing direct testing procedures, but the tests are difficult and costly, proving complicated for engineers to carry out during the pavement design process. Many studies have been done concerning the predictive model of dynamic modulus. This presentation presents a comprehensive study about developing a predictive model of dynamic modulus for characterizing the asphalt concrete mixtures used in Florida. A laboratory experimental program was developed to evaluate the dynamic modulus of selected Florida Superpave asphalt concrete mixtures. Based on the test results and analyses, a dynamic modulus prediction model was constructed. The results showed that the variables related to aggregate gradation, mix volumetric, percent weight of asphalt content, loading frequency and temperature had influence on the dynamic modulus of the hot mix asphalt mixtures. The predicted results of the developed model were very comparable with the test data. The predictive model could be more suitable for predicting dynamic modulus of the hot mix asphalt mixtures used in Florida.