ESL literacy instruction. They are gently introduced to the world of ESL literacy and its customized applications for college and university students training to be classroom teachers and working teachers. Moreover, inspired by the related issues and challenges related to technology and literacy instruction, they can have a general understanding of how to customize software tools and apply technology resources provided by this book to suit their own classroom contexts. Although the authors provide conceptual and ideological issues on the development of English reading instruction practices, this book may find it easier to be considered practical if the large EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners group could be timely compiled. While chapter 5 gives key points worth attention when teaching older ESL/EFL students to read, the rest of the book offers little in what teachers should do in an EFL classroom. Since EFL learners are also a large group of language learners that cannot be overlooked, ESL literacy instruction may feel that more such attempts to blend EFL into application would have been helpful. Apart from that, a future edition might add a more integrated ESL classroom design of young/older students by considering cultural factors instead of treating them separately. This point may facilitate teachers to be conscious of cultural issues while organizing classroom activities. Although the book would have been more complete from a further round of proofreading, it is well-written and presented in logical chapters and with high readability. This book presents as a guidebook for novices and expands and enhances central topics in ESL literacy. It contributes to a better understanding of ESL literacy. It offers a useful and accessible pedagogical basis for teachers, teachers-to-be, and readers interested in literacy instruction and ESL students. Researchers in literacy teaching and learning of ESL students looking for more explicit guidance will find this work an insightful and excellent reference.


Circular economy has become the mainstream trends of our society,and green trade also has become an important tide of the development of international trade today.As legal rules of supervising the green trade,the construction of green trade legal system has been deeply affecting by circular economy.In some extent,circular economy is an important guiding ideology of the construction of green trade legal system.Basing on circular economy's significance to the development of green trade legal system,this article analyses development actuality of green trade legal system in main developed countries puts forward some advice on how to construct green trade legal system in China under circular economy.


The article considers questions of optimization of industrial power-supply systems conditions with the own sources of electrical power using original software "KATRAN 7.0", which makes it possible to receive optimal values of generators power. The algorithm is based on the method of dynamical programming and takes into account active power losses in distribution electrical network, heterogeneity of used fuel, non-modular structure of the thermal station. The technique of optimization the power-supply system conditions of large industrial plants was given. Calculation of cost-effective conditions was realized in the power-supply system of a large steel plant. The results of the research work are intended for the dispatcher services of industrial enterprises.


This city hotel comprises a total of 74 rooms, distributed over 4 floors. The hotel is ideal for leisure travellers and holiday makers wishing to enjoy a fun and relaxing trip. Guests are welcomed in the lobby, which offers a 24-hour reception service,..


Metacognition is considered by most educationists as an element necessary for many cognitive tasks. In problem solving, it has been said that possessing knowledge alone is insufficient and problem solvers need to exhibit high level cognitive skills like "self-regulation skills" (also known as metacognitive strategies) for successful problem solving. A study on students' metacognitive strategies was carried out with over a thousand secondary and pre-university students from 12 schools. A questionnaire adapted from Biggs (1987) was administered to students at various levels (Secondary 2, Secondary 4, Pre-University 1), from different academic tracks (General, Science, Arts) and academic streams (Special, Express, and Normal). They were required to self-report on their metacognitive beliefs; their use of metacognitive strategies in mental tasks involving memory, problem solving and comprehension; and their attitudes towards the learning of various academic subjects. 20 items from the questionnaire which were...


The mechanism of purifying water by aquatic flowers and species selection principle had been proposed,and frequently-used species and the application characteristic of aquatic flowers were recommended in this paper.


A process to recover bitumen from a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir comprising the following steps: a) injection of steam and oxygen separately into said bitumen reservoir and when mixed therein said mix being in the range of 5 to 50% O2, b) production of hot bitumen and water using a horizontal production well, and c) production/removal of non-condensable combustion gases to control reservoir pressure.


An object with rotation limitations about one of its axes is examined. A model of angular motion of an object with regular precession, the axis of which is directed along the axis with rotation limitations, is considered. It is shown that autonomous estimation of the accuracy characteristics of the corresponding angle-measuring channel of the inertial measurement unit of the object's strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is possible due to the organization of controlled precessional motion with respect to two axes of the object that are free from limitations. The parameters of the controlled precessional motion are estimated by amplitude and frequency based on the acceptable level of methodical error of the SINS algorithms by the angular position. The influence of the amplitude component of the instrumental error on the accuracy of estimating the characteristics of the angle-measuring channel with rotation limitations is considered.


'Greening existing buildings' is an approach to apply the principles of green building to old and existing buildings with environment responsive and energy efficient 'green features' or devices, e.g. through retrofitting, as and when required. It allows considerable reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. However, the practice is not getting momentum, especially in Brunei. A study was therefore undertaken to generate and/or gauge the awareness of 'greening existing buildings', through identifying and assessing the key benefits of greening existing buildings. This paper presents the outcomes of 68 responses from an ongoing questionnaire survey of mainly clients and consultants. 15 benefits were identified, with "reduced energy/electricity consumption" topping the list, and "increase in building occupancy/usage rates" at the bottom. All the 15 benefits were found to be significantly important, both in the total sample, as well as in the groups of clients and consultants, and people with or without experience of green building. The two-way grouping also revealed that the above paired groups significantly showed their importance of different benefits in the same way. The outcomes are therefore considered as a general consensus of the respondents on the benefits of greening, despite some disagreements on the relative rankings of individual benefit by different groups of respondents. The outcomes are largely similar to elsewhere, and show a general awareness of the respondents to the overall benefits of greening existing buildings. Such outcomes are expected to inspire the clients to undertake more greening projects to demonstrate proven benefits. This is expected to help wider use of greening existing buildings in Brunei and elsewhere and thereby implement sustainable development.


Six cyclic peptides related to dermorphin(1–7) have been synthesized. The synthesis of linear peptides containing diamino acid residues in positions 2 and 4 was carried out on a 4‐methylbenzhydrylamine resin, and cyclization was achieved by treatment with bis‐(4‐nitrophenyl)carbonate to form a urea unit. The peptides were tested in the guinea‐pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) assays. Diverse opioid agonist activities were observed, depending on the size of the ring. The results were compared with those obtained earlier for 1–4 dermorphin analogues. The conformations of all six dermorphin analogues were studied. The conformational space of the peptides was examined using the electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method. On the basis of NMR data, an ensemble of conformations was obtained for each peptide. The opioid activity profiles of the compounds are discussed in the light of the structural data. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Scrap tires in three forms—crumb rubber 60 minus mesh, crumb rubber 20 minus mesh, and buffed rubber—were subjected to depolymerization and devulcanization by applying heat, high shear, and a combination of both. Different reaction temperatures and times of reaction were applied. The reaction products were submitted to the testing of rheological properties by measurement of creep and recovery, viscosity, and some conventional tests. The amount of unreacted rubber and tendency to separation during the hot storage were also tested. Selected materials were evaluated according to SHRP specification and by the gel permeation chromatography. The results from the SHRP testing indicate that these materials are less temperature sensitive than conventional asphalts prepared from the same crude oil as the base asphalt. These materials were prepared in larger quantities and are being tested for their performance in paving mixes.


Air pollution, which accompanies industrial progression and urbanization, has become an urgent issue to address in contemporary society. As a result, our understanding and continued study of the spatial-temporal characteristics of a major pollutant, defined as 2.5-micron or less particulate matter (PM2.5), as well as the development of related approaches to improve the environment, has become vital. This paper studies the characteristics of yearly, quarterly, monthly, daily, and hourly PM2.5 concentrations, and discusses the influencing factors based on the hourly data of nationally controlled and provincially controlled monitoring stations, from 2012 to 2016, in Weifang City. The main conclusion of this study is that the annual PM2.5 concentrations reached a peak in 2013. With efficient aid from the government, this value has decreased annually and has high spatial characteristics in the northwest and low spatial characteristics in the southeast. Second, the seasonal and monthly PM2.5 concentrations form a U-shaped trend, meaning that the concentration is high in the summer and low in the winter. These trends are highly relevant to the factors of plantation, humidity, temperature, and precipitation. Third, within a week, higher PM2.5 concentrations appear on Mondays and Saturdays, whereas the lowest concentration occurs on Wednesdays. It can be inferred that PM2.5 concentrations tend to be highly dependent on human activities and living habits. Lastly, there are hourly discrepancies within the peaks and troughs depending on the month, and the overall daytime PM2.5 concentrations and reductive rates are higher in the daytime than in the nighttime.


Sir, Endometrial osseous metaplasia is an uncommon disease with the presence of mature bone in the endometrium. The etiopathogenesis of this entity is still unclear.[1] The phenomenon of associated extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is rare with only few cases reported in the world literature so far.[2] We report another such case of histologically proven endometrial osseous metaplasia and mature bone formation with EMH.


In this paper we discuss the parallel manual normalisation of samples extracted from Croatian and Serbian Twitter corpora. We describe the datasets, outline the unified guidelines provided to annotators, and present a series of analyses of standard-to-non-standard transformations found in the Twitter data. The results show that closed part-of-speech classes are transformed more frequently than the open classes, that the most frequently transformed lemmas are auxiliary and modal verbs, interjections, particles and pronouns, that character deletions are more frequent than insertions and replacements, and that more transformations occur at the word end than in other positions. Croatian and Serbian are found to share many, but not all transformation patterns; while some of the discrepancies can be ascribed to the structural differences between the two languages, others appear to be better explained by looking at extralinguistic factors. The produced datasets and their initial analyses can be used for studying the properties of non-standard language, as well as for developing language technologies for non-standard data.


As an aesthetic theory in the forefront of the world,ecological aesthetics is a great theoretical advantages in terms of philosophical foundation,ways of thinking,research methods.Contemporary architecture aesthetics can absorb the theoretical advantage of ecological aesthetics,digging its own ecological dimension,widening and deepening their studies,and thus understand and experience the beauty of architecture.This paper attempts to widen the study from three aspects: the organized whole,cultural ecology and aesthetic participation.


A time-variant impulse response method is proposed, developed, tested, and shown to provide new insights into different scattering problems involving moving surfaces. The method proposed is general, conceptually straightforward, and can accommodate moving sources and receivers. While the time-variant impulse response method has been developed specifically in this study to extend the capability of the wedge assemblage (WA) model [e.g., R. S. Keiffer and J. C. Novarini, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 27–39 (2000)], the framework can be applied to other scattering models including those based in the frequency domain. Calculations involving moving periodic surfaces and moving receivers are presented and compared with good results to a generalized grating equation and small wave-height approximation perturbation theory. The time-variant impulse response model is also applied to time-evolving sea surfaces, and the previously published results of Pourkaviani and Willemsen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 426–432 (1991)] are c...


In the current world, the need to know instantaneous information that helps people to know their current physical and intellectual conditions has become paramount, each time new systems that provide information to the user in real time are incorporated in portable devices. This information indicates different health parameters of the user, it can be obtained through their physiological variables such as: number of steps, heart rate, oxygenation level in the blood and other ones. One of the most requested intellectual conditions to be known by the user is: the level of attention reached when the user executes a task. This work describes a methodology and the experimentation to know the level of attention of people through a test to identify colors also are shown the development and the application of a system (hardware and software) to measure the level of attention of people using two input signals: corporal posture and brain waves. The mathematical analysis to find the correlation between the corporal posture and the level of attention is shown in this paper. The results obtained indicate that the corporal posture influences on the level of attention of people directly.


The π-π type charge transfer (CT) interaction ability of 4-nitropyridine- and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxides was examined. It is concluded that the latter compound is a slightly stronger π electron acceptor than the former, and that the strength of these N-oxides as π type electron acceptor is relatively weak compared to that of the other typical electron acceptors such as p-benzoquinone etc.


The science and philosophy of ecology is having a profound impact on the way human beings understand themselves and their world. It is causing a transformation in the way in which we think about ethics, world security, and global governance. Systems of governance that fail to understand and integrate ecological science and ethics into their planning, policy formation, and decision making at all levels, will become increasingly incompetent to manage the problems that face the world. Moreover, unless our governance, economic, and social systems undergo a thoroughgoing ecological revolution, the very survival of the human species is in doubt. If the religions are to play a constructive role as members of the emerging new world community, they too must reconstruct their worldviews and ethics in the light of ecological thinking.


It was a common phenomenon that prisoners exiled operating XiaoYa in Qing Dynasty. Which is most associated with the banishment system and society at the time. The reform of banishment system was a precondition for it. And the nature of the business practice of XiaoYa had a great attraction to these prisoners. What's more,there was a social network existing between prisoners,local forces,and local governments to support the prisoners operating XiaoYa. At last,the local government was tolerant of these behaviours to avoid the prisoners escaping.


The motions of points, lines, and planes, embedded in a rigid body are expressed in a unified algebraic framework using a Clifford algebra. A Clifford algebra based displacement operator is addressed and its higher derivatives from which the coordinate-independent characteristic numbers with simple geometric meaning are defined. Because of the coordinate independent feature, no tedious coordinate transformation typically found in the conventional instantaneous invariants methods is needed.


Implementing religious value can develop good attitude and behaviour. It can be implemented in various ways such as in speech, behaviour, gesturing, comprehension and assessment. This study aimed to be establish the impact of applying religious values through online Problem-Based Learning among undergraduate students. A total of 81 students were involved in the study and were divided into treatment and control groups. In order to identify the effectiveness of the module in applying values, the quasi-experimental method was used through questionnaires. The results showed that there was a significant effect on the applying all religious value in the treatment group. The finding also revealed that learning through Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can provide a different learning environment as compared to regular learning sessions. The implications of this study can directly provide an alternative in applying values to students in the higher learning institution.


The purpose of this article is to identify the features and common features of the concept "ev (mesken) | house (housing)" as a single mental integrity of the picture of the world, to consider the representations of the analyzed concept in the structure of the Crimean Tatar and Russian languages. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the presentation of the comparative specifics of the characteristics of the concept "ev|hause " in the Crimean Tatar and Russian linguistic picture of the world, for the first time an attempt is made to compare the representations of "ev (mesken) | house (housing)" from a linguocultural point of view. The results obtained showed that the attempt to present the concept of "ev|hause" against the background of two national pictures of the world - the Crimean Tatar and Russian, reflects the most specific features of the national picture of the world in comparison. The analyzed material on the research topic may be of interest for further scientific research in the field of linguoculturology, ethnoculturology and intercultural communication.


Two economic characteristics of distance education are its high investment and high productivity. How to assess its cost effectiveness is an important issue in the development of distance education. Based on Otto Peters's theory of industrialization of distance education,this paper puts forward a number of suggestions on the enhancing the management mechanism and the structure of the RTVU system,and on sourcing new resources taking full advantage of the existing system,in order to increase the cost effectiveness of distance education in the country.


The conceptual definition of land use for tourism has been vague in our country,which leads to such malpractice as unscientific classification standard of land use for tourism,abuse of land use,low efficiency of land use and land rent-sceking.Negative impact of the above problems has been increasingly obvious.The examination and approval of land use for tourism based on standardization and legalization should be the focal paint of planning management.Therefore,the authors firstly make a study summary of the concept and classification standard of land use and then analyze the present situation and development trend of tourism growth in Beijing based on Beijing urban-rural planning framework.The authors propose that the classification needs of land use for tourism should be based on the analysis of its spatial layout and functional zoning.Relevant theoretical study and work for trial should be conducted as soon as possible.Finally,the authors offer two types of the classification and control standard modes with Beijing new town planning as an example.


s of recent articles published in Teaching of Psychology An Integrative Undergraduate Capstone Course on the Unconscious GUY A. BOYSEN Teaching of Psychology, 37(4), 237 Theories and research related to the unconscious can be found in every area of psychology, but there is no course devoted to the topic in the undergraduate curriculum. A capstone course on the unconscious is described. The course integrates topics across the major fields of psychology. Themes in the course include the existence of mental processes that individuals are not aware of, do not have access to, and are not able to control, and how these processes lead to efficiency and confabulation. Course topics related to these themes are organized into subsections including why psychology needs the unconscious, psychodynamic theories, the modern unconscious, and consciousness and free will. Suggestions are made for course readings, assignments, and activities. Professor–Student Rapport Scale Predicts Student Outcomes JANIE H. WILSON, REBECCA G. RYAN AND JAMES L. PUGH Teaching of Psychology, 37(4), 246 Rapport traditionally has been measured in therapy or in other one-on-one relationships such as with roommates. As yet, no scale is available to measure professor–student rapport. In this study, 51 undergraduates created items to measure professor–student rapport, and subsequently, 195 different college students rated their agreement with items based on their professor. Factor analysis revealed 1 meaningful component of professor–student rapport represented by 34 items. Rapport correlated with professor immediacy, providing convergent validity. Hierarchical linear regression with immediacy entered first and rapport entered second revealed significant improvement in prediction of student attitudes toward the instructor and the course as well as student motivation, perceptions of learning, and self-reported grades. Thus, we propose that professor–student rapport as measured by the current scale serves as a useful predictor of valuable student outcomes. For Better or for Worse: using an objective program assessment measure to enhance an undergraduate psychology program BEVERLY DOLINSKY AND JOHN M. KELLEY Teaching of Psychology, 37(4), 252 We describe how an objective form of measurement can be used to promote curriculum review, resulting in enhancements to curriculum and pedagogy. During a 4-year period, senior psychology majors took the ETS Major Field Test, and we systematically compared these results to SAT scores, grade point averages, and credits completed. Although diligent, honest, and sometimes frustrating analysis of the comparative results of our students' performance was necessary, the positive


Constraint retranslation,the third step of Computing with Words,is explored in this paper.The importance of closeness degree and containment degree between the fuzzy subset of candidate words and the fuzzy subset of result constraint in geting logical retranslation result is pointed out.The conception of separation operator is presented and a desired separation operator is designed.Then the conception of containment degree is defined and the computational formula for retranslation weight is presented.A method of constraint retranslation based on computation of retranslation weight is proposed. Finally,some examples are given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.


This work presents a study of the nonlinear flapping motion of rotor blades in hover considering gust effects. The nonlinear differential equation for the flapping motion is obtained and the computational simulations show that above a critical collective pitch angle, large flapping oscillations can occur, particularly under high winds and with reduced rotational speeds. These large, possibly destructive, oscillations are not predicted by the linear model and may be related to the phenomenon of blade sailing.


Objective To compare the curative effect of different treatments for flail chest,optimize the therapeutic strategies.Methods The clinical data of 69 patients with flail chest in our hospital from 2005 to 2010 were studied retrospectively.The patients were divided into: group A(pressure dressing group) with 30 cases,group B(respirator group) with 21 cases and group C(surgical fixation group) with 18 cases.Indicators of three different treatments were compared.It was considered statistically significant when P0.05.Results Compared with group A,patients in group B indicated remarkable improvement of respiratory and circulation indicators(P0.001),higher incidence of pneumonia(P0.05),lower incidence of chest deformity and vasoactive drugs utilization(P0.05),shorter ICU stay and total hospital stay(P0.05).Compared with group A and group C,indicators of breath and circulation were obviously improved(P0.001),there was statistical difference in incidence of pneumonia,chest deformity and vasoactive drugs utilization(P0.05),ICU stay and total hospital stay(P0.05).Compared with group B and group C,there was no statistical difference in RR,PaO2,PaCO2(P0.05),but statistical difference in incidence of pneumonia,chest deformity and vasoactive drugs utilization(P0.05),ICU stay and total hospital stay(P0.05),indicators of circulation(P0.05).Patients in group C were found quick lung function recovery.There was no statistical difference in incidence of death of three groups.Conclusion Surgical intervention rapidly stabilizes the chest wall,impels stability of breath and circulation,reduces complications,reduces hospital stays,promotes lung function recovery.It is the best treatment way of flail chest.


This paper presents new practical approach to automated formal modeling and validation of quality requirements. It relies on two paramount software industry standards: ISO/IEC 9126 for software quality and XML for formal notation. The xNoFun language allows composing formal quality models not only manually but via requirement management CASE tool IBM Rational RequisitePro. Efficient runtime modules for autonomic quality monitoring and adjustment according to xNoFun specifications can be implemented. Quality modeling and monitoring of automatic electricity metering system is considered as an industrial application of the approach.


In order to meet the high requirements of wireless communication and obtain filters with high integration and steep transition band, an interdigital one is designed. Compared to a conventional hairpin-type filter, one advantage of this filter is that it utilizes cross-coupling, which reduces the volume of the filter efficiently. Additionally, the filter has sharp stopband attenuation, with two zero points on both sides of the passband. Finally, the designed filter is measured to have midfrequency of 2.025GHz, with bandwidth of 281MHz.


Ultra-high electrostrictive strains, both longitudinal and transverse strains, were observed in polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymers under a proper electron irradiation treatment. In addition, in DC electric field biased states, the material also exhibits a high effective piezoelectric coefficient, comparable to those in piezoceramic PZT. The material also has a high dielectric constant and relative low dielectric loss. Moreover, these properties can be tailored in a broad range by the processing conditions. These features indicate that the material is attractive for high performance actuators and transducers. In this paper, electrostrictive strain, effective piezocoefficients, elastic, dielectric properties and polarization behavior of the material are reported. We will also show that the material exhibits typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior.


Based upon the general theory of landscape ecology, the authors set up the dynamic transfer model of regional landscape structure and analyzed the stability of landscape structure tendency. It came to the conclusion that landscape structure would tend a stable situation after long-term dynamic changes on condition that the transfer probability among landscape types were not changed, no matter what means and how much probability of dynamic transfer of landscape structure were in a region. This indicated that regional landscape ecosystem was self-stable and the key measure in regional landscape structure management was adjusting, controlling and managing the transfer probability among landscape types.


Background Angiographic assessment is an alternative to computerised tomography (CT) prior to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We evaluated angiography in aortic neck morphology assessment as an alternative investigation. Methods Patients admitted for elective or emergency EVAR were assessed by pre-operative CT and intra-operative angiography. The proximal and distal aortic neck diameters, and neck length were measured. Measurements were expressed as median (95% CI). Results 35 patients (20 male) were assessed from August 2003 to January 2005 for elective (26) and emergency (9) EVAR. In the overall group, the proximal neck diameter was 22.0mm (21.0–23.0) on CT, and 20.7mm (19.3–22.3) on angiography. The distal neck diameter was 23.0mm (22.0–24.0) on CT, and 22.3mm (20.3–24.6) on angiography, while the neck length was only slightly greater on angiography [23.0mm (17.5–28.4)] relative to CT [23.0mm (20.0–28.0)]. The stent-grafts deployed were oversized by 26.8% (± 14.8%) relative to the CT measurements, and 33.7% (± 15.6%) relative to angiographic measurements. Good correlation was found for all three measurements between CT and angiography. Conclusions Angiography alone is inadequate for endovascular aneurysm repair. Although it has timesaving potential, the accuracy achieved is not sufficient to use alone.


>> The greatest risk factor for fragility fracture is a previous fragility fracture.>> During post-fracture follow-up, the orthopaedic surgeon has an opportunity to intervene in the management of osteoporosis.>> A novel algorithm for interpreting laboratory values and starting antiresorptive and bone-stimulating agents is presented.


The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a low-cost automation system for management of different fertigation regimes in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in a protected environment. The system consisted of an irrigation controller coupled to substrate moisture sensors and to a programmable logic controller (PLC). Four water regimes and nutrient supply levels were considered during evaluations. While developing, functional tests were performed to the automation system. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis for the assembling of the system was carried out. As result, we noted that the automation system was efficient for controlling fertigation. It showed no problems regarding malfunction, still presenting a lower cost if compared to commercial controllers.


During the mass settlement events of brachyuran crabs, there is a significant chance of density-dependent injury in the megalopae (last larval stage) because cannibalism can occur by larger conspecifics. Laboratory observations revealed that the appendages that are more prone to injury are eyestalks, as well as first (P1) and fifth (P5) pereiopods. The ability of Carcinus maenas megalopae to autotomize these structures and the effect of such injuries in their feeding ability and metamorphosis were investigated. All tested specimens were able to autotomize one or both of their P1 and P5, but not their eyestalks. Megalopae missing a single P1, as well as one or both P5, were able to capture and ingest prey, as well as intact specimens. Megalopae with either P1 and P5 appendages or at least one damaged eyestalk failed to ingest sufficient food to reach the nutritional threshold required to successfully metamorphose.


This article is a complement to a paper by Kramer et al. that proposes a new matrix product, which is like a mixture of the usual and the Hadamard (or Schur) product. This new product is then related to the transformation group in the hyperbolic plane. Actually variations in the definition of internal operations lead to an infinity of products that can be associated with any of the Euclidean, hyperbolic or elliptic geometries in quite different manners. By the way: This article is not a review. The review can be found at the end of the paper.


Fingerprint techniques have a significant advantage in respect of watermarking: a fingerprint can be extracted in each moment of the lifetime of a multimedia content. This aspect is fundamental to solve the problem of copy detection mainly because many copies can be available in huge amount of data in circulation and because each copy can be attacked in several ways (compression, re-encoding, text-overlay, etc.). In this paper the problem of copy detection is studied and tested from two different point of views: content based and identification approaches. The results show that the proposed system is quite robust to some copy modifications and most of all show that the overall results depend on the evaluation method used for testing.


SUMMARY— Changes in extractability of the proteins associated with the fragmentation phenomenon of myofibrils in chicken pectoral muscle were studied. The results indicate that the protein fractions extracted by neutralized water from muscle residue. from which water-soluble proteins have been washed out, increase in post-rigor muscle. The extracts from pre- and post-rigor muscle were fractionated with ammonium sulfate into two fractions: the fraction precipitated by 1.7 M ammonium sulfate (Fr.1) and the supernatant (Fr. 2). Depressing effect on the onset of ATP-induced superprecipitation of trypsin-treated myosin 6 which was initially present in Fr. 2 from pre-rigor muscle decreased to a great extent in that from post-rigor muscle, whereas promotive effect on gelation of F-actin and superprecipitation of the myosin 6 which was little in Fr. 1 from pre-rigor muscle appeared in that from post-rigor muscle. It is proposed that an increasing amount of protein which indicates α-actinin activity is released along with the destruction and final dissolution of the Z-line structure during postmortem storage of chicken pectoral muscle.


This paper introduced the recent development of modern wastewater treatment applicative techniques, especially the new development of anaerobic fluidized - bed bioreactor and anaerobic expanded-bed bioreaictor technologies. The future development of modern wastewater treatment applicative techniques was finally prospected.


The voltammetric behavior of degradation product of ampicillin in acid or alkali solution was studied. The degradation product had a sensition reductive peak in pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution. The degradation of ampicillin in alkali solution was better than that in acid solution. This method was successfully applied to determination of ampicillin in simulated samples.


This paper describes the design and implementation of a simulation code supplement to a commercial microsimulation system that makes efficient use of traffic information data that can be disseminated via wireless vehicular ad hoc networks. The transmitted information elicits timely responses to driver behavior for speed or path changes in a realistic way. A simulation model developed by following the prescribed design was used in a case study application to simulate vehicle dynamic route diversion and variable speed limits following a severe incident in a small network. Simulation results indicate that the model results are sensitive both to different market penetration levels of vehicles equipped with wireless communications capabilities and to various control strategies, which therefore gives credibility to the utility of the system design.


The invention discloses an ink cleaning agent which comprises the components with the weight percentage: 1-5% of alkyl phosphoester. 2-7% of oleic acid poly-ethanol ester, 0.1-1% of sulfonated castor oil, 0.2-1.5% of C5-6 and C18-23 synthetic fatty acid sodium soap, 0.2-1% of C10-16 synthetic fatty acid monoethanol amine, 0.5-5% of hexamethylene glycol, 10-56% of D-limonene and 23.5-56% of water. The invention aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides the ink cleaning agent which is produced by the D-limonene extracted from the waste citrus fruit peel and has the advantages of non-toxicity, innocuity, zero emission, low production cost and high efficiency.


This work is carried out within the Murex program supported by the European Commission (E.C). This program consists of the strengthening and development of scientific knowledge in Maghreban countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia), mainly in management of quality coastal water. The main objective of this work is to define a coastal area contaminated by urban releases and to study a physico-chemical behavior of associated contaminants, using a radioactive tracer technique. The experiment was organized by ONAS (Tunisia) in collaboration with CEA (France), CDTN (Algeria) and CNESTEN (Morocco) from October 11 to December 4, 1995.


. It is an open issue whether blood biomarkers serve to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) or monitor its progression over time from prodromal stages. Here, we addressed this question starting from data of the European FP7 IMI-PharmaCog/E-ADNI longitudinal study in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients including biological, clinical, neuropsychological (e.g., ADAS-Cog13), neuroimaging, and electroencephalographic measures. PharmaCog/E-ADNI patients were classified as "positive" (i.e., "prodromal AD"; n =76) or "negative" ( n =52) based on a diagnostic cut-off of A (cid:2) 42 /P-tau in cerebrospinal fluid as well as APOE (cid:3) 4 genotype. Blood was sampled at baseline and at two follow-ups (12 and 18 months), when plasma amyloid peptide 42 and 40 (A (cid:2) 42 , A (cid:2) 40 ) and apolipoprotein J (clusterin, CLU) were assessed. Linear Mixed Models found no significant differences in plasma molecules between the "positive" (i.e., prodromal AD) and "negative" groups at baseline. In contrast, plasma A (cid:2) 42 showed a greater reduction over time in the prodromal AD than the "negative" aMCI group ( p =0.048), while CLU and A (cid:2) 40 increased, but similarly in the two groups. Furthermore, plasma A (cid:2) 42 correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 score both in aMCI patients as a whole and the prodromal AD group alone. Finally, CLU correlated with the ADAS-Cog13 only in the whole aMCI group, and no association with ADAS-Cog13 was found for A (cid:2) 40 . In conclusion, plasma A (cid:2) 42 showed disease progression-related features in aMCI patients with prodromal AD.


In this paper,twelve soybean varieties was selected., four physiological indexes related to drought resistance in flowering poding stage were studied in both normal and drought conditions.The results were as follows:The weighed average of subordinate function(D) values of four physiological indexes-relative water content(RWC),relative conductivity,net photosynthesis velocity (Pn) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and drought resistance of Soybean was positively significant(r=0 877 3,P0 01).D value could be used to the evaluation of drought resistance for soybean varieties.At last,methods of soybean breeding for high yield and drought resistance were discussed.


A kind of iterative learning control(ILC) approach for linear discrete control system based on the theory of the two dimensional(2 D) linear discrete system is presented in this paper. Also, the convergence conditions of the kind of ILC rule is derived. It is proved that the application of 2 D linear discrete system theory in the design of ILC for linear discrete system is successful, and the derived ILC rule is simple and less restrictive.


Novel forms of regional identities emerge in response to global competitive pressures and challenges to the nation-state. Regions have to react and position their identity in relation to the rescaling of statehood. Especially, the growing autonomy of regional administrations makes support from local stakeholders more important. Communicating a specific regional identity is one of the instruments regional administrations use for mobilising support. However, at the same time old, traditional regional identities become more fluid. Regional identity traditionally focuses on shared past and specific social and cultural characteristics. Especially globalisation and individualisation undermine this traditional thick regional identity. Regional administrations have to adjust their communicated regional identity. By communicating the image of a future oriented region that can face the challenges of global competition, they increasingly use a thin regional identity. This paper analyses different case studies from the Netherlands and Germany.


The remote sensing image is usually polluted by atmosphere components especially like aerosol particles. For the quantitative remote sensing applications, the radiative transfer model based atmospheric correction is used to get the reflectance with decoupling the atmosphere and surface by consuming a long computational time. The parallel computing is a solution method for the temporal acceleration. The parallel strategy which uses multi-CPU to work simultaneously is designed to do atmospheric correction for a multispectral remote sensing image. The parallel framework's flow and the main parallel body of atmospheric correction are described. Then, the multispectral remote sensing image of the Chinese Gaofen-2 satellite is used to test the acceleration efficiency. When the CPU number is increasing from 1 to 8, the computational speed is also increasing. The biggest acceleration rate is 6.5. Under the 8 CPU working mode, the whole image atmospheric correction costs 4 minutes.


The teaching of Physics in Brazil, over time, has been acquiring new formats in an
attempt to connect technology with learning, being able to explain the operation of
technological devices. In this scenario, strategies for the teaching of Nuclear Physics
were developed, since there are numerous limitations that make it impossible to
perform experiments, such as the high cost of experimental apparatus, the difficulty
of acquiring and handling dangerous materials. Thus, to guarantee the learning of
Nuclear Physics, this research was based on the use of computational simulations
of the PhET portal as didactic resource in the Physics class. As a product of this
work, it was elaborated scripts directed to the teachers with the intention to guide
them and to assist them in the application of the simulations in their classes, besides
contributing with the discussion of the physical concepts, following the methodology of application of the Three Pedagogical Moments of Delizoicov and Angotti,
and providing learning according to the concept of David Ausubel. This work is
an applicable model as an instruction manual to associate technology with teaching through computational simulations, prescribing the teaching of science in high
schools.


Tordon herbicide, which is a mixture of 4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), depresses the phosphorylation efficiency of the rat liver mitochondria, as inferred from the decrease of the respiratory control coefficient and the ADP/O ratios when NAD+‐dependent substrates were used; NADH oxidase and NADH cytochrome c reductase were also inhibited, without any effect on the other enzymatic complexes of the respiratory chain. Tordon (66.2 nmol picloram + 270 nmol 2,4‐D mg−1 protein) affected the amplitude of swelling induced by glutamate, succinate, (N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenyldiamine + sodium ascorbate and ATP. These results characterize an interaction of Tordon with complex I of the respiratory chain and also a partial collapse of the proton motive force of the mitochondrial inner membrane without affecting its elasticity.


Oulu is a city of technology, technopolis as they say, but only small number of the inhabitants know even some facts about its history. We have implemented a 'time-machine', that can represent the city in terms of past physical structures. A new dimension is also added, a database of Oulu containing not only buildings, but also all kinds of information and activities that has happened the city over the years such as fires. The material for the database was obtained from a fire-insurance company named Tarmo Oy. It was insuring most of the buildings in Oulu, and had material representing approximately 80% of the city. The insurance documents have been verified to be accurate. The characteristics for the city of Oulu in 18th and 19th century is quite unique for the region. The city was fairly large and major part of the houses were built from timber logs. The city was a vast number of small wooden 1 and 1 1⁄2 story height buildings. The current database covers the years between two devastating fires in Oulu, 1822-1882. There are over 3500 buildings with more than 110 records at the most in the database. Soon the years 1882 to 1950, which is approximately the same time scale as the previous time period will be merged into the current database.


This paper presents a technique for representing animal models in terms of a set of axial curves. An object or an animal model is defined as the union of a set of different parts. Each part of the object is represented in an axial space defined by an axial curve-pair-a primary curve and an orientation curve. A hierarchy of axial curve-pairs defines the relative positions and orientations of different parts of the object. The shape of the object can be modified by adjusting the axial curve-pairs. Adjusting the axial curve-pairs according to some motion constraints produces different postures of an animal model. This technique is particularly suitable for modelling animals such as fishes and snakes.


Once he moved into an old folks' home, my grandfather Edward Bloor, for most of his working life a skilled mould maker first in the Potteries then in South Derbyshire, kept very few belongings. Among them was his photographer's touch-up kit along with a set of photographic plates of the fire at Selby Abbey in 1906, the surviving trace of what had once been an earlier career, but mostly they comprised only a few prized books. Some of these were commemorative (like King Albert's Book: A Tribute to the Belgian King and People from Representative Men and Women Throughout the World, published in 1915), but were otherwise emblematic in one way or another. As I grew older, he began marking my birthdays with a gift from this collection, not usually with any explanation (I remember him as a brooding, surly old patriarch of very, very few words), but definitely freighted with meaning. One year my birthday present was John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (in the 1887 Hodder and Stoughton edition), which definitely needed no gloss. For anyone growing up Methodist in the 1950s the message was self-explanatory. Bunyan's allegory was all over my childhood, whether at Sunday school or at home, or for that matter on tv or in school. "He who would valiant be" rang out from morning assembly with great frequency, just as Pilgrim's successive trials were a ready source of metaphors for parents and teachers alike. I'm not sure, at this distance, how I responded as a child to Pilgrim's journey. As a teenage intellectual impatient with institutional religion of all stripes, bridling against the cultures of parents and school, I had no intention of "laboring night and day" to get to the Wicket Gate and enter the Celestial City. All of that imagery had acquired unlikeable connotations, aptly captured in Lindsay Anderson's use of "To Be a Pilgrim" for one of the school chapel scenes in if . . . (1968). Yet on the other hand, those stories helped create an architecture of the imagination. As Philip Pullman reminds us, religious allegory lends itself to all sorts of compelling and enjoyable literary purposes, and if The Golden Compass speaks now to a very different sensibility, one modernist and secular as well as a readership more mature, then Bunyan's characters could vividly enrich a small child's imagination. When wrestling with this or that problem, I still wander that metaphorical landscape, the one I learned all those years ago, thinking with the Slough of Despond or Giant Despair, perhaps with the Delectable Mountains and the River of Death. How exactly our adult propensities for certain outlooks as against others, our receptiveness to particular bodies of thought, are laid down by early exposure to one set of cultural influences as opposed to another is a fascinating topic not just for [auto]biography, but for social history too.


out to explore the context of the audience, in a move away from prior scholarly efforts to focus on the 'opponents' of Paul and the issue of the Law. Elliott concentrates on examining the Anatolian geographical location of the letter's recipients which displays specific social and religious features. Amongst these are the various cultic activities within the region, such as the practice of castration. Elliott argues that an understanding of this practice sheds


Wheat and Wheat Foods Research and Nutrition Education Act - States that the purpose of this Act is to authorize and enable the creation of an orderly procedure, adequately financed through an assessment and voluntary contributions, for the development and initiation of an effective and continuous coordinated program of research and nutrition education designed to improve and enhance the quality and make the most efficient use of American wheat, processed wheat, and wheat end products to insure an adequate diet for all Americans. Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to issue orders to effectuate the declared purpose of this Act. States that such orders shall include provisions: (1) for establishing projects for research and nutrition education for wheat and wheat products; (2) for establishing and carrying on research or studies with respect to the sale, distribution, marketing, and utilization of wheat and wheat products and the creation of new products; and (3) requiring that processors, distributors of processed wheat, and end product manufacturers maintain and make available for inspection such books and records as may be required by any order issued pursuant to this Act. Directs the Secretary to issue orders providing for the establishment of a Wheat Industry Council to: (1) administer and make rules and regulations to effectuate orders issued pursuant to this Act; (2) receive, investigate and report to the Secretary complaints of violations of such orders; and (3) recommend to the Secretary amendments to such orders. States that the membership of such Council shall represent wheat producers, processors, end product manufacturers and consumers on an equal basis. Requires each end product manufacturer to pay to such Council an assessment, not to exceed five cents per hundredweight, based on the total number of hundredweights of processed wheat purchased by or transferred to such manufacturer to be used for expenditures and expenses incurred by the Council or Secretary under this Act. Exempt


In this article we consider extreme poverty as a case of violation of human rights as the situation of people who suffer it do not have the minimum of dignity or justice that would recognize them as valuable beings. The international response in such cases cannot be understood as a matter of charity but should be oriented primarily with justice measures seeking the recognition of the dignity and freedoms of those people. In this regard we consider the possibility of presenting a proposal for distributive global justice as Thomas Pogge does and, on the other hand, we recognize the value of human rights as global ethical imperatives for foundation and defense of a proposal of global justice from the perspective of the capability approach by Amartya Sen.


Reprocessing of the light radiated from a companion star by the inner part of an accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole is modeled. Because of the aberration between the local static frame and the comoving frame of the disk, the infalling photons are seen by the disk to come mainly from the direction of the vertex of orbital motion, and the reradiated light is beamed into the direction of the disk's velocity. As in the case of inverse Compton scattering, the frequency of the reflected photons can be increased and the energy (and angular momentum) from the disk can be extracted. The efficiency of this process is dependent on the geometry of the system. The infalling flux can be amplified by a factor of order unity in the vicinity of the marginally stable orbit. Despite the fact that the loss of energy is negligible for realistic intensities of the infalling flux, the effect is interesting in principle, and it can play a role in the modeling of observable effects in accreting systems like low-mass X-ray binaries, as well as active galactic nuclei.


Biological sample preparation is a major challenge for any type of electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) detects the characteristic X-rays produced as a result of specimenbeam interactions in an electron microscope and identifies elements present in a sample. Scanning electron microscopy-EDS (SEM-EDS) is typically applied to hard materials using relatively high accelerating voltages and beam currents to produce accurate and quantitative data about sample composition. The application of SEM-EDS to biological samples has been limited in the past due to the fundamental nature of biological samples; they are extremely sensitive to the environment within an electron microscope and they are typically composed of lighter elements that can be difficult to analyze. Recent key developments in EDS technology [1] have increased the potential for accurate elemental analysis of biological samples, however, a major challenge remains in selecting the best methods for specimen preparation.


Based on "Multilateral Matrix Theory" and inspired by the eastern holistic thinking,this series of articles try to provide and improve a whole system of powerful mathematical tools to handle from global to local complex multi-target problems,nonuniformity problems,nonlinear problems,and its rigorous theoretical analysis and proof.As the tenth of a series of papers,this paper studies the relationship between symmetrical frame and the frame of the Cartesian product operation,and gives several ways to construct symmetric frame,and gives the definition of the strength t of the symmetric design.


Many firms have contingency plans to deal with "common" disasters—such as hurricanes or earthquakes. But would your company be ready for a costly avian flu pandemic? It can occur in any season. The author explains how to plan for such an emergency. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Basing on coal mining in coal pillar transition region of 250103 working face in Tuating colliery,the stress distribution and migration law in coal entities were investigated by numerical simulation,in-situ monitoring of microseism and stress.Characteristics of coal bump in the process of coal mining were revealed.The results showed that the stress migration path was from the dip side of returning air laneway to the rise side of equipment removing gateway,then to the dip side of returning air laneway and wide coal pillar.In the narrow coal pillar region,vibrations were mainly concentrated in adjacent goaf.While in the wide coal pillar region,vibrations were mainly concentrated in current working face and wide coal pillar.The probability of strong mine tremors became higher when the stress value of one measuring point increased and another one decreased at the same time.Effective preventing and controlling measures were demonstrated in order to guarantee the safety of producing at working faces.


Bounding surfaces and interdune deposits provide keys for detailed interpretations of the development, shape, type, wavelength and angle of climb of aeolian bedforms, as well as overall sand sea conditions. Current alternate interpretations of bounding surfaces require very different, but testable models for sand sea deposition. Two perpendicular traverses of Jurassic Entrada Sandstone, Utah, reveal relations among crossstrata, first-order bounding surfaces, and horizontal strata. These field relations seem explicable only as the deposits of downwind-migrating, climbing, enclosed interdune basins (horizontal strata) and dune bodies consisting of superimposed smaller crescentic dunes (cross-stratified deposits). 4 1:7 km traverse parallel to the palaeowind direction provides a time-transgressive view showing continuous cosets of cross-strata, first-order bounding surfaces and interdune deposits climbing downwind at an angle of a few tenths of a degree. Changes occur in the angle of climb, cross-strata structure, and interdune deposits; these,reflect changes in depositional conditions through time. A 1.5 km traverse perpendicular to the palaeowind direction provides aview at an instant in geological time showing firstorder bounding surfaces and interdune deposits forming flat, laterally discontinuous lenticular bodies. The distribution of interdune sedimentary structures in this traverse is very similar to that of some modern interdune basins, such as those on Padre Island, Texas. Hierarchies of bounding surfaces in an aeolian deposit reflect the bedform development on an erg. The presence of three orders of bounding surfaces indicates dune bodies consisting of smaller, superimposed dunes. The geometry of first-order bounding surfaces is a reflection of the shape of the interdune basins. Second-order bounding surfaces originate by the migration of the superimposed dunes over the larger dune body and reflect individual dune shape and type. Third-order bounding surfaces are reactivation surfaces showing stages in the advance of individual dunes. The presence of only two orders of bounding surfaces indicates simple dunes. Modern and Entrada interdune deposits show a wide variety of sediment types and structures reflecting deposition under wet, damp, and dry conditions. Interdune deposits are probably the best indicators of overall erg conditions and commonly show complex vertical sequences reflecting changes in specific depositional conditions. I N T R O D U C T I O N Aeolian cross-stratified deposits are universally interdune deposits record the history of a n erg (sand punctuated by various bounding surfaces, the most sea), but until recently interpretive efforts were extensive of which are commonly overlain by horiconcentrated upon dune cross-stratification. Boundzontal interdune deposits. Together with duneing surfaces and horizontal strata within aeolian deposited cross-stratification, bounding surfaces and cross-stratified units were widely noted, but the * Present address : Department of Geological Sciences, bounding surfaces were not generally attributed to University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, U S A . systematic dune development, nor were the hori0037-0746/81/1200-0753 $02.00 zontal strata interpreted as interdune deposits.


Abstract : Recent strains between the United States and some European allies have raised concerns that NATO is becoming irrelevant or even headed toward extinction. A breakup of NATO would severely damage the United States and Europe as well as prospects for global peace. As an urgent priority, NATO must restore its unity and strengthen its capacity for common action in the Greater Middle East. But how can this goal be achieved in today's climate? The solution is for NATO to pursue a new dual-track strategy of military and political transformation that could be launched at the Istanbul Summit next spring. The military track should further strengthen efforts to field a NATO Response Force and otherwise prepare European forces for expeditionary missions. The political track should aim to create a common transatlantic vision for the Middle East, while enhancing NATO's capacity to act flexibly and constructively there in peace, crisis, and war.


and surgicalprocedures) is abstracted fromeach record.For this analysis, the NHDS providedinformation about the mother's age and racelethnicity; methodof payment;and the hospital's ownership, size,and location. Estimatesfor averagelengthof stay werederivedfromthe 20000-33000 deliveries each yearamongall recordssampled.Hospitalstaysof less than 24 hours were recordedas 0 days; these hospitalizations accountedfor less than I% of all deliveries and were relatively constantby year (i.e.,0.3% in 1970 to 0.7% in 1992).The proportion of all deliveries thatoccurredoutsideof hospitals also wasstablefrom 1975(0.9%)to 1990(1.\%). In 1970,the averagelengthof stay for all hospitaldeliveries was 4.1 days (median4). By 1992,the averagehad decreased by 37%to 2.6 days (median 2.0).The average lengthof stayfor womenwhogavebirthvaginally decreased by 46% (from3.9 to 2.1) and for thosewhogavebirthby cesareansectionby 49% (from7.8 to 4.0).The decreasein the averagelengthof stayfor all deliverieswas smallerthan that for eithermethodbecausethe percentage of deliveriesby cesareansectionincreased from5.5% to 23.5% duringthis period. The average length of stay also was analyzedby mother's age (less than 20, 20-29, 30-39, and more than 39 y), race (whiteor black),hospitallocation (Northeast, Midwest,South,or West regions), hospital ownership(proprietary, government, or nonprofit), andhospitalsize (lessthan 100,100-299, 300-499, and more than 499 beds). From 1970through 1992, the average length of stay decreased similarly for all these groups; decreases ranged from 39% to 52% for vaginaldeliveriesand from 38% to 53% for cesarean deliveries. NHDSbegancollectinginformation about methodof payment (i.e., BlueCrossIBlue Shield,otherprivateinsurance, Medicaid,and selfpaying)in 1977.From 1977through 1992, the averagelengthof stay decreasedfor thesepaymentgroups;decreases rangedfrom 35% to 38% for vaginaldeliveriesand from 32% to 47% for cesareandeliveries. The lengthof stay associated withhospital deliveries steadilydecreased during 1970-1992.Earlyhospital discharge resultsin reducedhealthcare costsand enablesmothersto returnhomesoonerwith their newborns. However,carefulpostpartum follow-up is necessary to ensurepromptdiagnosis and treatment of any maternal or neonatalcomplications. Earlydischarge shouldnot precludeeffortstraditionally conductedduringpostpartum hospitalization to educatewomenaboutbreastfeeding, familyplanning, care of theirnewborn, and other topicsimportant for new mothers. The optimallengthof stay for uncomplicated deliveries reflectsseveral factors, including the presenceof others in the homewho can supportthe motherafterdischarge, the mother's awareness of complications, and access to healthcare services. Guidelines publishedby the AmericanAcademyof Pediatrics and the American Collegeof Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggest that,whentherehave been no complications, the durationof postpartum hospital staysrangesfrom an averageof 48 hoursfor vaginaldeliveryto an averageof 96 hoursfor cesareanbirth (excluding the day of delivery). In addition,specificcriteriashouldbe met for a womanto be discharged early,especiallywithin24 hoursof delivery. One potential limitation of the analysisin this report is thatdata from the NHDSon lengthof staydo notdistinguish thepostpartum periodfromtherest of the hospitalization. Therefore, thisanalysis couldnotdetermine whetherthe decreasein the averagelengthof stay resultedfrom a shorterantepartum stay or postpartum stay.However, since1970,mostof theefforts to decrease length of stayfor hospital deliveries hasbeendirectedtowardthe postpartum period. Since 1970,the rateof healthcare costs has increasedmore rapidlythan thatof generalinflation; effortsto decreasehospital healthcare costs by reducinglengthof stay probablyintensify. Most studieshave not detectedan increased rateof morbidity in association withearlypostpartum discharge. However,thesestudies-which wereconductedamongcarefullyselected women at low risk for postpartumcomplications-documented ratesof complicationsof up to 14%among women and II % among their infants. In addition, home visitsby nursepractitioners afterdischarge(a practicenot usedroutinely byhealthcare providers) ensured promptdiagnosis andtreatment of postpartum complications. These findingsunderscorethe need to ensure adequate follow-up careforwomenandinfantsand to maintain theeducational activities traditionally providedduringpostpartum hospitalization. The prevalenceof complications also shouldbe monitored to accuratelydetermine the costsand benefitsof early postpartum discharge. (MMWR 1995;44:335-7)


Based on the present situation and problems of nanotechnology and nanophase materials used in advanced wastewater treatment,the application of some technologies used in advanced wastewater treatment such as nanometer photocatalysis technology,NF technology and nano-adsorbent technology was introduced as well as the research progress in recent years.The technological superiority,influencing factors and future study direction were discussed too which results in that this filed will become the inexorable trend in future wastewater treatment industry.


The actual evapotranspiration (ETA) data of spring wheat during 1993~1997 (except 1995) observed by the Lysimeter in Dingxi prefecture of Gansu Province are analyzed. The results show that: in the whole growth season, the daily variation of ETA is random in al arge range. In generally, there is a high value aftera heavy rainfall. The annual variation of ETA is also obvious, and the minimum-value is less than half of the maximum value. The ETA is significantly less than the crop water requirements (CWR) in the growth season of spring wheat, the mean difference being about 1.0 mm/d. The amount of ETA and its consonance degree to CWR prominently affect the yield of spring wheat.


One might desire that for a genuinely teleological argument. But complementarity (or coherence, but not correspondence) seems to be argued too; the subject structure is empirical in chapters 1–3, theological in 4–6, constructive-synthetic in 7–8. Perhaps this invokes the classic types of theological reflection. It is not unusual for reflective people of faith with a capacious scientific to write a personal summa to argue both that there is a point to life and how the point is revealed. The practice exemplifies the theological trope of "faith seeking understanding" (fides quaerens intellectum). It aims to give the believer more data and systemic coherence for interpreting the real world in consonance with one's beliefs. However, any success of faith's seeking understanding at explicating a believer's worldview does not necessarilymean that the exercise will be as successful when the endeavor is "reversed" to function as an apologia; as if "understanding so to believe" (intelligo ut credo) can convince an unbeliever, notwithstanding even the admitted power of the believer's reasonability. Freedom all the Way Up is a strong example of the dual method. It is current in its summary of empirical science that is applicable to theological construction, while also rhetorically compelling. If there is any apologetic aim, it convinces as much as teleological proofs for God's existence are convincing to the already convinced, and may not succeed insofar as inductive reasoning already is probabilistically doubtful for any skeptic influenced by a Hume or a Dawkins. Barrigar's book serves superbly for illumining what a reflective Christian should expect from the sciences by adding more pixels to one's marvelous worldview; for the Materialist, probably not so much. But it still would behoove such a one to read this fine book. The cost and risk are minimal and the possible benefit great.


The scientific case for a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory [DUSEL] located at the Homestake mine in Lead, South Dakota is exceptional. The site of this future laboratory already claims a discovery for the detection of solar neutrinos, leading to a Nobel Prize for Ray Davis. Moreover this work provided the first step to our present understanding of solar neutrino oscillations and a chink in the armor of the Standard Model of particle physics. We now know, from several experiments located in deep underground experimental laboratories around the world, that neutrinos have mass and even more importantly this mass appears to fit into the framework of theories which unify all the known forces of nature, i.e. the strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational. Similarly, DUSEL can forge forward in the discovery of new realms of nature, housing six fundamental experiments that will test the frontiers of our knowledge: (1) Searching for nucleon decay (the decay of protons and neutrons predicted by grand unified theories of nature); (2) Searching for neutrino oscillations and CP violation by detecting neutrinos produced at a neutrino source (possibly located at Brookhaven National Laboratory and/or Fermi National Laboratory); (3) Searching for astrophysical neutrinos originating from the sun, from cosmic rays hitting the upper atmosphere or from other astrophysical sources, such a supernovae; (4) Searching for dark matter particles (the type of matter which does not interact electromagnetically, yet provides 24% of the mass of the Universe); (5) Looking for the rare process known as neutrino-less double beta decay which is predicted by most theories of neutrino mass and allows two neutrons in a nucleus to spontaneously change into two protons and two electrons; and (6) Searching for the rare process of neutron- anti-neutron oscillations, which would establish violation of baryon number symmetry. A large megaton water Cherenkov detector for neutrinos and nucleon decay, located in DUSEL and roughly 20 times the size of current detectors, can perform the first three of these experiments. The last 3 can utilize the unique environment afforded by DUSEL to perform the most sensitive tests to date. Any one of these experiments can greatly increase our knowledge of nature. The Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL), with a Large Megaton Size Detector, is desperately needed to address a set of fundamental issues in particle and astrophysics.


A lot of progress has been made in rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology research in the last decade, even so, renewed developmental efforts must be pursued to better improve energy density, capacity retention and rate capability. This review discusses the role that one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials can play towards development of next-generation LIBs. Electrode nanoengineering, interfacial kinetics and high-volume manufacturing are critical issues limiting energy density, electrochemical performance and material viability. These points are discussed, as are the advantages of deploying these nanomaterials in rechargeable LIB devices. Current data from literature is indicative of laboratory-scale success as these 1D nanomaterials display excellent capacity retention, high-rate capability and long cycle life emanating from high mechanical strength, resilience and short charge carrier diffusion distance. However, significant advances are required to translate these achievements into commercial scale deployment.


Abstract We show that molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are capable of reproducing the drag of solute segregation atmospheres by moving grain boundaries (GBs). Although lattice diffusion is frozen out on the MD timescale, the accelerated GB diffusion provides enough atomic mobility to allow the segregated atoms to follow the moving GB. This finding opens the possibility of studying the solute drag effect with atomic precision using the MD approach. We demonstrate that a moving GB activates diffusion and alters the short-range order in the lattice regions swept during its motion. It is also shown that a moving GB drags an atmosphere of non-equilibrium vacancies, which accelerate diffusion in surrounding lattice regions.


This paper describes a simple method for classifying the condition of morning and afternoon measurement of eye movement based on the Fuzzy rule, the first step to find the relation between eye movement and fatigue. The eye movement is taken by camera and processed by computer. The left eye pupil center coordinates are used as eye movement data. These coordinates are extracted to obtain their features or parameters, which are saccadic latency, velocity, saccadic duration, and deviation. Extracted parameters from eye movement data become an input of the Fuzzy Identification System to classify the measurement time category, conducted either in the morning or the afternoon. Twenty-six visually normal students participate as subjects in this research. Their eye movement data are measured in the morning and in the afternoon after 9 hours of class. We also investigate whether the parameters can be used to distinguish the two conditions. The results of our experiments are assumed to be the system performance, and an accuracy of 86.54% is achieved. However, only the velocity and duration parameters show significant difference (p<0.05) between the two measurement times. This result reflects the fatigue in the ocular muscle which the two parameters mentioned above are directly affected.


Thromb Haemost 2009; 102: 183–184 Since the first systematic description of the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) by Virchow in 1856, genetic predisposition had been suspected to contribute to the three mechanisms of thrombosis – vessel-wall injury, stasis, and hypercoaguability. As early as 1956, Jordan and Nandorff observed that family members of affected individuals have an increased risk for VTE (1). In 1965, Egeberg discovered partial antithrombin deficiency in a Norwegian family, the first phenotype conferring inherited thrombophilia (2). Since, a great number of studies have reported variable associations between certain genetic variants, most commonly in proteins of the coagulation system, and an increased risk for VTE. Most of these studies were relatively small case-control studies comparing the prevalence of candidate gene variants in patients with VTE to that in matched controls. However, the risk estimates (and their precision) for a carrier of a certain variant to develop VTE vary greatly in different patient populations. While the results of various studies have previously been pooled to obtain more precise risk assessments for commonly examined variants, the risk associated with some less studied variants remains controversial. In this issue of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Gohil et al. report the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 casecontrol studies examining the association between 28 polymorphisms in 21 genes and VTE (3). The authors are to be commended for the shear scope of this enterprise. Based on >300,000 subjects, this analysis provides well-founded risk estimates for most variants in candidate genes implicated in thrombophilia. This work represents an important quantitative summary of the large number of mostly small case-control studies assessing thrombophilic risks of genetic variants. As expected, for the major, extensively studied variants (factor V G1691A and prothrombin G20210A), the risk estimates were well in the range reported by previous summary analyses. This meta-analysis is most useful in providing summary estimates for less studied or rare genotypes (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) and, equally important, confirming the lack of association, even in a large cohort, with many other variants (19 variants in 17 genes). In addition, by calculating the population attributable risk (PAR), the authors provide an epidemiologically valuable estimate of the contribution of individual genetic variants to the disease burden of VTE. The large number of patients included in this analysis suggests robustness of the risk estimates, as reflected by comparatively narrow confidence intervals (CIs) for the odds ratios (ORs) of many variants. However, some caveats should be borne in mind when interpreting the findings. Although the authors used appropriate statistical models, meta-analyses of case-control studies are liable to confounding, a bias which is invariably associated with the non-randomised design of case-control studies (4). For instance, it is difficult to assess how balanced case and control groups were in the individual studies for potential confounding factors, such as age and hormone therapy. In this context, it is reassuring that the risk estimates in the current meta-analysis largely correspond to those derived from prospective cohort studies of asymptomatic variant carriers. For instance, the risk estimate for factor V Leiden (OR=4.93) is similar to the relative risk derived from prospective cohort studies (about 4.5, as averaged from various reports) (5–8). Secondly, the findings cannot be generalised to all VTE patients. Only studies excluding VTE patients with a clear provoking factor (post-surgical patients, patients with pregnancy, cancer, or the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome) were included in this meta-analysis; inclusion of patients with other risk factors (for instance, contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy; immobilisation / trauma; recurrent or first VTE episode) varied among the different studies. Thus, the population studied comprises mainly VTE patients with only minor or no provoking factors, a group comprising roughly half of all VTE patients (9). In this group, the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms conferring thrombophilia is higher than in patients suf-


Frame member (101) to (104), a frame member (101) to (104) speakers attached to and the baffle plate of the speaker (201), attached to said frame member (101) to (104) baffle panels (601) - (605), (701) - and (705), comprising a panel member baffle panels (601) - (605), (701) - (705), the baffle plate (201 ) and the frame member (101 so as to form substantially the same plane), characterized in that attached to (104).


Traditional manual drilling during hip fracture fixation can easily lead to unstable fixation and vascular damage. This study aimed to investigate a safe and easy‐to‐use robot‐assisted method to automatically drill bone and distinguish critical bone drilling states with high accuracy in real‐time for the bone hole‐making process during hip fracture fixation.


The pilot ignition of solid PMMA within a cone calorimeter is modelled using a three-dimensional numerical model. A transient model for the solid PMMA degradation is included. Irradiation levels from the cone are varied to examine the resultant effect on the predicted pilot-ignition times and the results are compared to experimental data.


Objective To investigate the self-care ability of postoperative rectal carcinoma patients with colostomy,and analyze the self-efficacy of health behaviors and social support.Methods Ostomy self-care scale,self-efficacy of health behaviors scale and apperception of social support scale were used to assess the self-care ability,self-efficacy of health behaviors and social support of 104 rectal carcinoma patients who had colostomy more than 6 months.Results The total score of self-care ability of 104 patients was (57.1± 7.7 ),which meant a relatively high level.The score of self-care desire was ( 37.4 ± 5.1),self-care knowledge was ( 15.6 ± 3.5 ),self-care skill was (4.1± 1.1).The total score of self-efficacy of health behaviors was ( 82.66 ±17.43 ),with scoring average of (73.80 ± 15.56 ) %.The total score of social support was (64.71± 13.20 ),in which family support was ( 24.10 ± 3.95 ) and outside family support was ( 40.62 ± 11.10 ).Univariate analysis showed that associated factors of self-care ability were age (r =-0.214,P < 0.05 ),edueational level ( r =0.341,P < 0.01),family income ( r =0.271,P < 0.01),participations in colostomy sodality ( r =0.227,P<0.05),self-efficacy of health behaviors(r =0.422,P <0.01),family support(r =0.224,P <0.05 ) and outside family support( r =0.530,P < 0.01).Multiple regression analysis indicated that outside family support and self-efficacy of health behaviors were the main influential factors of self-care ability (adjusted R2 =0.316,F =23.827,P < 0.01).Conclusions Self-care ability of the rectal carcinoma patients with colostomy during their recovery is relatively good.Outside family support and self-efficacy of health behaviors can help to improve patients' self-care ability.

Key words:
Rectal neoplasm;  Colostomy;  Recovery;  Self-care ability;  Social support;  Self-efficacy;  Influence factor


This paper specifically delineated the methodological application of constructivism in smart tourism studies. It explained what constructivism is and how this methodology could be applied in the study of smart tourism. In this study, residents of Seoul participated in constructivist research using the Q method to identify their subjectivities toward Seoul based on photographs most commonly found in tourism promotional material. Residents are concerned with good governance and cultural integrity, and they are aware of their role as stakeholders in tourism in their communities. However their potential contribution to destination image formation has been usually overlooked by researchers and marketers. Three clusters of subjectivities were revealed after 42 photographs of Seoul were sorted by 37 respondents. The results show how respondents perceived Seoul's destination image. The three clusters agreed that symbolic monuments were the key representations of Seoul. The paper recommends that tourism marketers and policy makers should focus on understanding and coordinating with residents' perceived image of Seoul as a destination when planning and decision making, especially in promoting Seoul as a destination market. This study, in conjunction with other constructivist research offers insight into how destination image is, especially with the rise of smart tourism, a complex social construction.


Abstract Sexual differentiation occurs in the mouse hypothalamus a few days after birth. Experiments were done to correlate aspects of sexual behaviour in the male and/or the female with the activity of one hypothalamic steroid-dependent, enzyme, β-glucuronidase (β-GLR). Animals were treated for five days before (via injections to the mother) or after birth with cyproterone acetate (CA). No effects were observed in the groups treated with CA before birth, but dose-time-dependent effects were evident in those treated after birth. A trend to reverse both sexual behaviour and enzymatic activity was noticed.


One proposed cause of age‐related sarcopenia is a chronic reduction in peripheral blood flow, perhaps reflecting both capillary rarefaction and resistance to capillary recruitment, thereby altering substrate exchange to skeletal muscle tissues. We sought to measure leg glucose uptake (GU) in six healthy elderly in the basal state and during 3 h of nitric oxide (NO)‐stimulated skeletal muscle capillary recruitment. We infused the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) into the femoral artery and measured skeletal muscle microvascular volume and flow using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEU) and whole‐leg blood flow using ICG dye dilution. Femoral arterial (A) and venous (V) blood was obtained throughout both periods for measurement of blood glucose levels. Skeletal muscle microvascular recruitment, microvascular flow, and whole‐leg blood flow increased above basal by 60 min of SNP (P<0.05), whereas GU did not significantly elevate until 180 min of SNP (P<0.05). AV glucose increased above basal levels by 60 and 120 min respectively, and remained elevated throughout SNP. No change was measured in A‐V glucose difference or serum insulin concentrations between basal and SNP. These results suggest that exogenous NO administered to healthy elderly increases skeletal muscle capillary flow and later leg glucose uptake in the absence of insulin or exercise stimulation.


The work described in this paper addresses the thermal performance of three concepts for thermal energy storage as applied to solar dynamic applications. It is recognized that designs proving large thermal gradients or large temperature swings during orbit are susceptible to early mechanical failure. Concepts incorporating heat pipe technology may encounter operational limitations over sufficiently large ranges. By reviewing the thermal performance of basic designs the relative merits of the basic concepts are to be compared. In addition, the effect of thermal enhancement and metal utilization as applied to each design provides a partial characterization of the performance improvements to be achieved by developing these technologies.


Electrophoretic methods (analysis o f isoesterases) were used t o determine the impact of host species alternation on infraspecific populations of parasitoids . Polymorphic , oligo morphic and monomorphic parasitoid material was compared . Electromorphs were found to be strictly sex-differentiated but independent of the host species ; however, changes in their number and/or frequency in a target population occurred in the case of host species alternation . The present results are used for a new definition and interpretation of biotype and strain (in parasitoids ) . The information obtained is discussed in relation to pest management programmes . The need of complementing the IPM by research on infra specific population differences is confirmed .


In view of the defects of traditional web-courses and building of teaching websites,such as professional computer knowledge and skills required for the teachers and poor interactive function of websites,etc.,we developed a 3D volleyball teaching website composed by three modules,namely,module of course characteristics,that of course resources,and that of interactive teaching,based on the platform of Sky-classroom web teaching system developed by Nanjing Yixue Education Software Co.Ltd..The website enriches the teaching forms of volleyball class and improves the teaching effect.


We propose a method for segmenting two unregistered images from different modalities of the same patient and study at once, while enforcing a similarity constraint between the two segmentation masks. Our method relies on a segmentation network and a registration network, cooperating to get accurate and consistent segmentation masks across modalities, while forcing the segmentor to use all information available. Experiments on a dataset of T1 and T2-weighted liver MRI show that our method enables to get more similar segmentation masks across modalities than manual annotations, without deteriorating the performance (Dice =0.95 for T1, 0.92 for T2).


In a multilayer stacked wiring board, wiring patterns formed of a conductive metal are formed on the both sides of an insulating board. The multilayer stacked wiring board is provided by stacking at least two double sided wiring boards, wherein the wiring patterns formed on the insulating board are connected through a conductive metal of a through hole penetrating the insulating board, and electrical connection is provided between the double sided wiring boards. The double sided wiring boards are electrically connected by connecting low-melting point conductive metal layers arranged on the surfaces of connecting terminals formed on stacking planes of the double sided wiring boards. At least two double sided wiring boards are bonded by a polyimide adhesive resin applied on parts other than the connecting terminal parts on the double sided wiring boards by selective screen printing. In this multilayer stacked wiring board, the multilayer stacked boards are surely stacked and the layers are surely electrically connected.


The present invention discloses a method for producing a crystalline zeolite SSZ-13, the method (a) (1) at least one active source of an oxide of a mixture of tetravalent element or tetravalent elements, (2) optionally, active source of an oxide of a mixture of at least one trivalent element or trivalent elements, (3) at least one active source of alkali metal, (4) seed crystals of zeolite SSZ-13, ( 5) a sufficient amount of benzyltrimethylammonium cation to form crystals of zeolite SSZ-13, wherein the benzyltrimethylammonium cation is used in the absence of 1-adamantammonium cation, and (6) small holes zeolite is crystallized, the reaction mixture was prepared containing water in an amount not substantially in excess of the amount required to maintain; then (b) the reaction Which method comprises the mixture is heated for a sufficient time to crystallize product containing crystals of SSZ-13 are formed in the crystallization conditions.


The approach based on mixed application of calculational and experimental methods is assumed for the analysis of WWER FA strength and stability under vibration loads typical as for reactor normal operating conditions so seismic effects. Experimental modal analysis is usually provided in air at 20 °С, the results are FA modal characteristics: frequencies, shapes, vibration damping factor, transfer functions. Since FA is a nonlinear structure, modal analysis is provided at various levels of vibration excitation. The results of experimental modal analysis are initial data for FA calculational modal model, which are used for the analysis of FA vibration strength and stability during the whole service life in the reactor. The results of experimental examination and numerical modeling of WWER-440, WWER1000, and WWER-1500 FA dynamic characteristics and the analysis of design and operational factors influence on FA dynamic characteristics are presented in the report. This work was organized JSC TVEL.


A neural network based power transformer running state detection system is devised by using the pair network method to simultaneously process gas chromatogram data and electric experimental data. The system employs fuzzy technique to preprocess input data, uses redundant attributes to improve the learning ability, and utilizes VC dimension to determine network topology. SuperSAB algorithm is adopted to train the network. Experiments and field test of the system show that this system works well in real environment.


OBJECTIVE
A series of 51 patients with trigeminal neurillemmoma were analyzed with respect to the clinical manifestations, radiologic features, operative approaches and factors influencing tumor total resection.

METHODS
Three different approaches were used to remove the tumors according to the site of tumor growth. Tumors in middle fossa were removed via extended middle fossa approach or extended transpterion approach. Dumbbel tumors on petrosal bone were resected by presigmoid approach. Retrosigmoid approach was used to excise tumors in posterior fossa.

RESULTS
Tumors removed completely in 80.0% of patients, 75.0% of the patients had a normal cranial nerve function after operation. Tumors recurred in two patients 2 years after operation.

CONCLUSION
The new operative approach increases the complete tumor resection rate.


This article briefly introduces technology of four kinds of main components on IFS Foundation1 technology platform as well as design and implementation of power plant EAM system kernel modules based on technology of this platform,and finally obtains the technical advantages of using this platform.


Ten CMS lines were crossed with six testers in a line x tester design to study the extent of heterosis in pearl millet for yield and its component traits. Heterosis was observed in both directions for most of the characters. The standard heterosis for grain yield per plant ranged from -18.42 to 355.96 per cent. Highest and significant positive standard heterosis for grain yield per plant was recorded in ICMA 04999 x BIB-76 (355.96) followed by JMSA 20042 x BIB-40 (315.26), ICMA 04999 x BIB-40 (300.7) and ICMA 04999 x BIB -65 (294.91). Among 60 hybrids studied, eighteen hybrids namely RMS 6A x BIB65, RMS 7A x BIB-40, RMS 7A x BIB-75, RMS 21A x BIB-186, ICMA 832-22 x BIB65, ICMA 83222 x BIB186, ICMA 92777 x BIB66, ICMA 971111 x BIB186, ICMA 93333 x BIB66, ICMA 93333 x BIB75, ICMA 93333 x BIB186, ICMA 04999 x BIB65, ICMA 04999 x BIB76, ICMA 04999 x BIB186, JMSA 20042 x BIB40, JMSA 20042 x BIB65, JMSA 20042 x BIB66 and JMSA 20042 x BIB76 were selected as best crosses since they expressed high standard heterosis for many of the traits studied for high grain yield.


Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) is an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and an antipyretic drug. Because PG may be involved in the premature oviposition of some soft-shelled (SS) and shell-less (SL) eggs, the objective of the present study was to determine whether dietary ASA, as an inhibitor of PG synthesis, would convert SS and SL eggs to hard-shelled (HS) eggs, thus increasing total salable egg output and improving feed efficiency. White Leghorn layer breeders were fed 0, .025, .05, .10, .20, and .40% ASA for the first 13 mo of egg production. When averaged over 13 mo, hens fed .40% dietary ASA laid fewer HS eggs (P During Month 1 of production, mortality was greatly increased for hens fed .20 and .40% ASA as compared with hens receiving 0, .025, .05, or .10% ASA (diet by month interaction, P In conclusion, chronic feeding of ASA did not improve egg production or feed efficiency. In addition, long-term feeding of ASA to layer breeders proved to be detrimental with respect to early hen livability and eggshell quality.


Abstract 2052 To clarify the interactions between iron status, oral iron supplementation, and bacterial and malarial infections, we examined iron-replete mice and mice with dietary iron deficiency infected with Salmonella typhimurium, Plasmodium yoelii, or both, with and without oral iron administration. These studies were designed to identify potential mechanisms underlying the increased risk of severe illness and death in children in a malaria-endemic region who received routine iron and folic acid supplementation during a randomized, controlled trial in Pemba, Tanzania (Sazawal et al. Lancet 2006;367:133-43). To this end, weanling C57BL/6 female mice were fed an iron-replete or an iron-deficient diet, the latter of which resulted in severe iron deficiency anemia. Groups of mice were then infected by intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2, Plasmodium yoelii strain 17X parasites, or both. With Salmonella infection alone, iron-deficient mice had a median survival (7.5 days, N=8) approximately half that of iron-replete mice (13 days, N=10, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The hypothalamus is the central regulatory unit that balances a number of body functions including metabolic rate, hunger, and satiety signals. Hypothalamic neurons monitor and respond to alterations of circulating nutrients and hormones that reflect the peripheral energy status. These extracellular signals are integrated within the cell at the ATP:AMP ratio and at the level of ROS, triggering gene expression associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. In order to identify new molecular factors potentially associated with the control of energy homeostasis, metabolic adaptation, and regulation of feed intake, hypothalami from ad libitum fed and energy restricted cows were characterized using 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Among 189 different protein spots identified, nine proteins were found to be differentially expressed between groups. Beside the 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase, stress‐induced phosphoprotein‐1, heat shock protein 70 kDa‐protein‐5, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐2, [Cu‐Zn]‐superoxide dismutase, ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase‐L1, and inorganic pyrophosphatase were found to be up‐regulated, whereas glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and aconitase‐2 were down‐regulated in the restricted group. In conclusion, differentially expressed proteins are related to energy and nucleotide metabolism and cellular stress under conditions of dietary energy deficiency. These proteins may be new candidate molecules that are potentially involved in signaling for maintaining energy homeostasis.


The present invention relates to a control and display module for a motor vehicle comprising: - a display screen (2) for displaying data, - at least one touch panel (3, 16a, 16b) having a surface control means (4) for entering commands by a user, said touch screen (3) overlaying said at least one display screen (2), - a housing (5) which houses said display screen (2) and said touch panel (3), said housing (5) having an edge (6) delimiting an opening (7) revealing said control surface (4) and said display screen (2), characterized in that it comprises further includes a leveling pad (8, 17a, 17b) peripheral to said touch panel (3), to level the control surface (4) of said touch panel (3) with said edge (6) of said housing (5) . The present invention also relates to a manufacturing method 100 of such a control and display module 1.