The application of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards released in 2006 showed that in many lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), a child's length is already compromised at birth. In this issue of the IJE, Christian and colleagues make an important contribution to understanding the extent to which foetal growth restriction contributes to childhood stunting and other indicators of nutritional status. The consortium of researchers, pooling data from 19 birth cohorts from LMICs, show that childhood undernutrition has its origins in the foetal period. Relative to children born adequate size-for-gestational age (AGA) and at term, the odds ratios of childhood (12–60 months) stunting associated with AGA and preterm; smallfor-gestational age (SGA) and term; and SGA and preterm; are 1.93, 2.43 and 4.51, respectively. A similar magnitude of risk is observed for wasting and underweight. Importantly, despite the large variation in the prevalence of both SGA and preterm birth, the risk of undernutrition associated with being born too small or too soon is comparable across populations and regions, reflecting common underlying causes of either foetal growth restriction or preterm birth. The results indicate a stronger association between SGA and stunting than between preterm and stunting. In contrast, preterm birth – which affects a smaller number of neonates – is associated with a higher risk of neonatal mortality, with relative risk ranging from 6 to 9 vs. SGA alone, which was consistently associated with a 3-fold increased risk. In 1998 we reported a first attempt to estimate the burden of intrauterine growth restriction in LMICs. Knowledge has evolved and today we are better able to estimate the large number of babies born each year too small or too soon. In other respects, however, past challenges remain. An important one is accurately assessing gestational age in LMICs in the context of antenatal care programmes. Furthermore, the definition of what constitutes 'normal' foetal growth continues to be hotly debated. At present, there is no classification system that incorporates both the clinical heterogeneity and the multi-causality of foetal growth disturbances reflecting the lower and upper ends of the distribution, including describing the different phenotypes associated with disturbed foetal growth. Ideally, a unified classification should be developed that is consistent with the definitions and terminology commonly used in postnatal life so that there is a harmonized approach to classifying disturbances in human growth from early pregnancy to childhood. An important component of such a system will be the availability of international standards for foetal growth and neonatal weight, length and head circumference for gestational age. Such standards should follow the prescriptive conceptual approach used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards currently used worldwide. However, their utility depends on accurate measurement of weight, length and head circumference at birth, which is rare in LMICs. In these settings, in which either a large proportion of pregnant women do not have access to antenatal care or many births occur in the home, valid estimates of gestational age and accurate anthropometry birth measurements are difficult or impossible to obtain. Nevertheless, in an ideal world, their availability would enable us to move beyond the traditional maternal and child health indicator of low birthweight (<2500 g) which, as shown by Lee and colleagues, fails to identify most babies who are born either too small or too soon. The new evidence from Christian and colleagues is both timely and important. Timely, because it comes at a moment when international mobilization around malnutrition has never been stronger, in particular with the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement (http://scalingupnutrition.org). Important, because it shows that efforts to tackle the scourge of undernutrition and its perverse effects on human health and development will not succeed without paying Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association


Conventional vibration sensing systems, equipped with specific sensors (e.g., accelerometer) and communication modules, are either expensive or cumbersome to deploy. Recently research community revisits this classic topic by taking advantage of off-the-shelf RFIDs. However, limited by low reading rate and long wavelength, current RFID based solutions can only sense low-frequency (e.g., below 100 Hz) mechanical vibrations with larger amplitude (e.g., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>\!\!5$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mspace width="-0.166667em"/><mml:mspace width="-0.166667em"/><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="li-ieq1-2963152.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> mm). To address the issue, this work presents TagSound, an RFID-based vibration sensing system that explores a tag's harmonic backscattering to recover high-frequency and tiny mechanical vibrations accurately. The key innovations are in two aspects: <italic>harmonics based sensing</italic> and <italic>a new recovery scheme</italic>. We implement TagSound with USRP platforms. Our comprehensive evaluation shows (i) TagSound can achieve a mean error of 0.37 Hz when detecting vibrations at frequencies below 100 Hz, and a mean error of 4.2 Hz even when the vibration frequency is up to 2500 Hz. (ii) TagSound can achieve a Hz-level frequency estimation even when the vibration amplitude is only 2 mm.


The invention relates to a value document substrate for producing documents of value, in particular bank notes, having a front side and a back side, the front side of the value document substrate in a partial region a to UV-radiation-sensitive safety feature and the to UV-radiation-sensitive safety feature protective having transparent, impervious to UV radiation substantially film, wherein the value document substrate is impermeable at least in the partial region of the opposite UV-radiation-sensitive security feature to UV radiation substantially.


Studies on reliability of the technical systems with structural cracks are reviewed. Results of survivability assessments are presented, which are based on a numerical analysis of the stress-strained state. New methodical approaches for analysis of structural safety and risk assessment of the structural failure are justified


By combining control theory and fuzzy set theory, a new kind of state controller is proposed. The ideas of full order feedback and the membership functions, which utilize the experiences of experts, are used in the design of the state controller which we call a fuzzy state controller. Hydraulic position servo with nonsymmetrical cylinder is popularly used in industry. This kind of system is nonlinear in nature and difficult to control. For different ending position, moving direction, strokes, and load the system dynamics is totally different. Once the above mentioned factors of the system are known, it is relatively easy to tune the gains of state controller to obtain good dynamic response. But when the factors change especially the load, which often happens in practice, using the same gains will cause overshoot or even loss of system stability. The fuzzy state controller has been successfully applied to the hydraulic position servo with excellent robustness when the system unknown factors are encountered.<<ETX>>


This paper presents numerical investigations of textile structures for the production of firemen protective clothing. These structures must ensure both user safety and comfort. The influence of various structure elements, such as the thickness of the air cushion or the Airlock layer construction) on the temperature distribution occurring during the heating of the surface layer up to 300C was investigated. INTRODUCTION – FIREMEN CLOTHING STRUCTURE AND RESEARCH AIM Protective clothing should comprehensively protect against threats, which means protection from the outside as well as from the inside. In a simplified way, protection from the outside is understood as a barrier against the effects of heat in various forms with water, chemical substances, while inside protection is understood as a breathability. During rescue operations firemen are accompanied by stress, rush and increased physical effort. In order not to overheat, body produces heat and sweat. An overly tight material layer can cause dangerous effects. One of them are burns, which are formed due to lack of protection against heat, as a result of soaking up the material directly in contact with the skin. Another dangerous consequence is the stress caused by body overheating. It is caused by a disturbed mechanism of cooling. When it is not possible to discharge the heat released by the body, its quantity increases, raises the temperature, to the extent that in the worst case leads to death due to heat stroke [1]. Since a material having all of the protective properties previously described has not yet been constructed, clothing that has a layered structure has been designed (Fig. 1). It consists of an outer layer, membrane, thermal insulation layer and lining. Each layer is made of a different material and has characteristic features, which in combination are an effective innovative solution with a wide range of protection. FIGURE 1. Layered structure of firemen clothing [1] The aim of the work presented in this paper was to analyze the temperature changes (insulation) in the layered structure of textiles used for firemen's clothing.


The development of the MH2000 commercial helicopter was started in April 1995, following the long time experience on the licensed production for the Japanese Self Defense Force. This is the first purely Japanese-made commercial helicopter. The paper presents the outline of the MH2000 development emphasizing its unique features for a short-term development. In addition to the short development period, MHI developed both the aircraft and its engine at the same time, which is the first case in the industry. To achieve the unique aspects of MH2000 development, we take some new approaches in design and manufacturing stages. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) conducted a significant reduction of development period and development cost in order to minimize the risk of development with quick response to the market trends, introducing new features shown in this paper for the commercial helicopter in the twentyfirst century.


Acoustic pressure fields generated by pulsed ultrasonic transducers under different boundary conditions are analyzed. Numerical simulations of the near-field pressure were evaluated considering rigid and soft baffles as boundary conditions. These field simulations were perfomed using the temporal convolution between the numerical derivative of the impulse response and the longitudinal wave velocity for both cases. Experimental pressure data were obtained by measuring the peak, peak to peak and root mean squared voltages. Simulated and experimental results were compared to investigate the temporal behavior of the acoustic signal as well as their spatial distribution on planes parallel to the transducer face. Special attention is given to the Fresnel region where the diffraction effect affects the pressure field measurements. Experimental readings were done using circular transducers with the same geometric characteristics and with resonant frequencies of 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz.


The potential energy surfaces for the formation of cytosine (Cyt) and a protonated cytosine (CytH+) from reactions of urea with cyanoacetylene (CA), cyanoacetaldehyde (CAA), or their protonated ions, CAAH+ and CAH+ with or without H2O, have been determined from quantum chemical calculation using the CBS-QB3 method. The overall activation energies of the formation of Cyt or CytH+ from urea + CA, urea + CAA and, urea + CAH+ are 127, 211, and 31 kJ mol−1, respectively, which are too high for the thermal reactions to occur in the interstellar medium (ISM). The barrierless reaction pathways have been proposed for the formation of CytH+ from urea + CAH++ H2O and urea + CAAH+. A kinetic analysis shows that the synthesis of Cyt through the formation of CytH+ from urea, CAH+, and H2O would be possible in the ISM.


Agrarian Transition and Industrial Crisis. Antimodernism in Europe in the First Half of the 20th century Agrarian transition is the phase when an agrarian society changes into an industrial one and both formations are in a state of social and especially cultural equilibrium. In Europe (and in the United States, Latin America, and Japan) transition was coeval with a dual crisis – on the one hand the worldwide agrarian crisis since the 1870s and on the other hand the «Great Depression» and global economic crisis. The «traditionalists» developed a ruralist ideology against de-agrarianization («agrarianism») while the «modernists» revised their belief in progress. Both ideological approaches converged in their search for paths to an «alternative modernity» that would combine (if necessary, by force) both principles.


Lithium–sulfur batteries are considered as one of the most potential energy storage devices in the future owing to their ideal theoretical energy density and specific capacity. However, the shuttle...


Spotlighting SLIS Faculty Ms. Ashley Marshall, SLIS alum Angie Manfredi, and elective courses LIS 445/545SL: Information Needs of Underserved Populations, a service-learning course.


Objective To investigate the calcification reaction of implanting the heterogeneity tissue engineering endothelialization and stentless heart valves in vivo. Methods After tissue engineering endothelialization valves and no-tissue engineering valves were transplanted in animals, the calcium contents of valves in vivo and in vitro were compared by atom spectrophotometry. Results Although both of them had more calcium in vivo than in vitro, the tissue engineering endothelialization valves had less calcium in vivo than in vitro (13. 95 ±4. 34 ng/mg vs 29. 47 ±5. 07 ng/mg, P 0.05) .Conclusion The tissue engineering endothelialization valves can reduce the reaction of calcification in vivo.


Connectivity and controllability of a complex network are two important issues that guarantee a networked system to function. Robustness of connectivity and controllability guarantees the system to function properly and stably under various malicious attacks. Evaluating network robustness using attack simulations is time consuming, while the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction approach provides a cost-efficient method to approximate the network robustness. In this paper, we investigate the performance of CNN-based approaches for connectivity and controllability robustness prediction, when partial network information is missing, namely the adjacency matrix is incomplete. Extensive experimental studies are carried out. A threshold is explored that if a total amount of more than 7.29% information is lost, the performance of CNN-based prediction will be significantly degenerated for all cases in the experiments. Two scenarios of missing edge representations are compared, 1) a missing edge is marked 'no edge' in the input for prediction, and 2) a missing edge is denoted using a special marker of 'unknown'. Experimental results reveal that the first representation is misleading to the CNN-based predictors.


Limited play optical data storage medium includes a first substrate, a reflective layer, disposed data layer between the substrate and the reflective layer, a reaction layer comprising one or more carriers and one or more of the reactive material, and poly an optically transparent second substrate containing a blend of methacrylate copolymer or polymethacrylate homopolymer or copolymer. The second substrate is disposed between the reaction layer and the laser incident surface and is adjusted so that the oxygen permeability in the range of from about 0.1 to about 1.35Barrer at 25 ° C.. .BACKGROUND


In this paper a useful educational tool is presented for minimizing low order Boolean expressions. The algorithm follows the Karnaugh map looping approach and provides optimal results. For the implementation, C++ was used on the CodeWarrior for Palm Operating System environment. In order to make the overall implementation efficient, the object oriented approach was used. Two step-by-step examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The proposed application can be used by students and professors in the fields of electrical and computer engineering and computer science.


In this paper, we consider the sixth generation (6G) sub-networks, where hyper reliable low latency communications (HRLLC) requirements are expected to be met. We focus on a scenario where multiple sub-networks are active in the service area and assess the feasibility of using the 6 GHz unlicensed spectrum to operate such deployment, evaluating the impact of listen before talk (LBT). Then, we explore the benefits of using distributed multiple input multiple output (MIMO), where the available antennas in every sub-network are distributed over a number of access points (APs). Specifically, we compare different configurations of distributed MIMO with respect to centralized MIMO, where a single AP with all antennas is located at the center of every sub-network.


In the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) of finding the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of materials, the evaluation of the confidence region of the unknown functions is at least as important as the numeric values of the function itself. The uncertainty of the reconstructed properties arises from various disturbances affecting the measurement instrumentation and from an imprecise mathematical description of the experiment. The aim of this work is to consider, besides the effect of random noises superposed onto the signals, the bias arising from the calibration of the sensors. By conceiving the calibration process as an integral part of the experiment it is possible to quantify the effect of the above bias and to obtain better estimates and correct confidence regions for the reconstructed properties.


This paper proposes CHOKeD, a novel stateless Active Queue Management (AQM) scheme, to provide fairness among competing flows in the Internet. CHOKeD protects responsive flows by penalizing unresponsive flows, and by allocating bandwidth fairly. CHOKeD features such as fairness, high throughput and stateless design are promising for its deployment over the edge as well as the core routers. ns-2 simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of CHOKeD. The results show that CHOKeD provides high fairness and better protection for responsive flows.


ABSTRACT Handwriting is used throughout the school day and is important to demonstrate knowledge. This research evaluated how handwriting instructional practices and intrinsic and extrinsic factors in actual classroom settings impacted learning handwriting over the course of the school year. Findings indicated that extrinsic factors (educational instructional practices, spatial constraints) and intrinsic factors (task cognitive complexity) influenced handwriting performance, but not always in the same way for writing product and process measures. In addition, stronger relationships were found between writing process measures and handwriting fluency than legibility. Even though handwriting improved over the school year, some instructional practices resulted in a widening performance gap as the school year progressed. The impact of these findings for implementing and differentiating handwriting instruction and guiding future research is discussed.


An 83-year-old woman presented to the Neurology Department with a 3-year history of progressively uncontrollable movements. Her past medical history included hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. She was the second of three children and had no children of her own. There was no family history of abnormal movements or mental disease. Before the onset of the movements, she had never taken antidopaminergic medications. The involuntary abnormal movements had begun insidiously 3 years earlier with lower limb jerks mimicking myoclonus. Because no other neurological abnormalities were found, essential myoclonus was initially diagnosed, and oral diazepam was initiated, leading to mild transient improvement. Over the following months, she noted that the movements gradually worsened and spread to her upper extremities and face. Two years later, she complained of gait instability and needed crutches to walk. She never complained of depression, and close relatives reported no psychiatric symptoms. Physical examination revealed generalized choreic movements involving not only the four extremities, but also the trunk, head, and face. Chorea was present at rest and was exacerbated by stress and emotion. In addition, she experienced jerky intrusions when attempting to perform smooth pursuit eye movements. Neurological examination showed moderate dysarthria and gait instability. Although she did not have memory complaints, specific cognitive evaluation revealed memory impairment and dysexecutive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State Examination score 19/30; Mattis Rating Scale score 119/144) without behavioral disturbance. Standard biological data were unremarkable. Diabetes mellitus was well controlled, and thyroid levels were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed only mild leukoaraiosis and no other abnormalities, in particular, no atrophy of caudate nuclei (Figure 1). Because her regular medication was not known to induce choreic movements, genetic testing was proposed with informed consent to exclude HD. Molecular genetic analysis revealed an expanded allele with 40 CAG repeats, confirming the hypothesis. Tetrabenazine was started, which led to a reduction in intensity of chorea, and the woman was referred for genetic counseling and support group. The usual etiologies of senile chorea include drugs, medications, cerebrovascular disease, genetic and sporadic neurodegenerations, and a range of systemic (hematological, metabolic, and immune) disorders. Nevertheless, studies have revealed that the majority of individuals with senile chorea have HD. HD is a rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG expansion in the 5′ region of the HTT gene. The normal range of CAG repeats varies from six to 36. Mutations between 36 and 39 repeats are considered to have less penetrance. Onset usually occurs by the fourth to fifth decade of life, but it can present at any age, with a broad range of 2–85 years. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and family history and is then confirmed by genetic testing. No complementary examinations aid in diagnosis, even if brain MRI can reveal atrophy of the striatum, especially the caudate nuclei. Although there is no established treatment to delay the onset or forestall the progression of HD, symptomatic treatment of chorea may be beneficial in some individuals, because it may have a favorable effect on motor function, quality of life, and safety. Peculiar clinical characteristics of late-onset HD have been detailed elsewhere. As in our case, most (68%) individuals with late onset of the disease are the first in their family to be diagnosed with HD. In these late-onset cases, disease usually begins with motor problems, and disease duration is somewhat shorter than that reported for the midlife-onset form of the disease. Furthermore, serious falls are a major risk, and global dementia may be associated with coincident Alzheimer's disease. Finally, death is often related to aging-associated diseases such as cancer and cerebrovascular disease. Because the majority of individuals with "senile" chorea have HD even in the absence of a family history, the case discussed here is a reminder that the diagnosis of HD should be considered whatever the age. This diagnosis has major consequences for genetic counseling.


ABSTRACT An insulinoma was histochemically and biochemically investigated for the presence of monoamines. The histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp demonstrated the presence of a specific fluorescent material in the cells which contained aldehyde-fuchsin positive granules. Since the biochemical evaluations demonstrated relatively high values of dopamine, it is concluded that this monoamine was stored in the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm.


Received:April 4, 2017, Revised:May 4, 2017, Accepted:May 15, 2017 Corresponding to:Jisoo Lee, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea. E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright c 2017 by The Korean College of Rheumatology. All rights reserved. This is a Open Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article pISSN: 2093-940X, eISSN: 2233-4718 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 24, No. 4, August, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2017.24.4.203


Mechanical strain effect on lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystal transistors is demonstrated. By applying compressive strain, the electron mobility is increased up to 45% while the mobility decreases in the opposite strain direction. The results are followed by the change of threshold voltages which originates from the bending of the ligands and the change of carrier traps when the strain is applied.


Multi-antenna technique has gained much attention due to its capability of increasing the system throughput dramatically. Selecting the users who have the best channel gains to transmit can further increase the system throughput. But the Quality-of-Service (QoS) provided for the users in the system will have a great loss, if the base station schedules users solely based on their channel conditions. To solve this problem, a new cross-layer scheduling algorithm based on QoS is proposed. Two service types are considered in this paper, real-time (RT) and non-real-time (NRT). To support different requirements of these two types, to each user is assigned a priority, which is dynamically updated with the users' service status and channel condition. Users are selected according to their priorities. Simulation shows that this new cross-layer scheduler can provide QoS guarantees for users while make efficient use of the radio resource.


Between 2006–19, eight doctors who were registered to practise medicine in Australia were convicted of child pornography offences. Despite finding that those medical practitioners' conduct was extremely serious, disciplinary decision-makers permitted seven of them to continue or, after a period of suspension of their registration, return to practising medicine, albeit subject to conditions. The decision-makers whose reasons for decision are published indicated that they strove to achieve the appropriate objective of protecting the public, but they reached their determinations to some extent in different ways from one another and, in some instances, on the basis of matters that were unhelpful in identifying which determinations would best safeguard the community. Further, they did not all provide thorough, cogent reasons for their decisions. This article analyses the matters to which these decision-makers had regard. It then recommends that Australian legislatures and regulators of the medical profession provide guidance regarding decision-making in disciplinary proceedings where doctors have committed child pornography offences. These proposals seek to ensure that disciplinary decision-makers safeguard the community in a consistent manner, and assure the public and the medical profession that they have done so.


The invention relates to a wireless receiving device for fire disaster monitoring equipment. The wireless receiving device comprises a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) wireless transceiving circuit and a single-chip microcomputer (SCM) control circuit, wherein an output signal from the GSM wireless transceiving circuit is output to a communication interface circuit through the SCM control circuit; and an output signal from the communication interface circuit is sent to a PC (personal computer). In the invention, the GSM sending and receiving modular circuit is adopted for receiving and sending a digital signal, and the digital signal is decoded by an SCM and then is transmitted to the PC through a 485 bus; and display system software of the PC displays the current status, and meanwhile a GSM module sends alarm information to designated personnel. Therefore, the wireless receiving device has the advantages that the purpose of unattended monitoring is achieved, the problem of difficulty in system cabling is solved, regional limitation in alarm is avoided, an unattended mode is realized and the project construction cost is lowered.


X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) and their implications for cosmological evolution are determined for 420 X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN). The local XLFs flatten considerably when L(x) is less than or equal to 5 x 10 to the 42nd ergs/s, and higher-luminosity XLF are demonstrated to fit a power-law approximation. Cosmological evolution in terms of two pure-luminosity evolutionary models is directly supported by model-independent AGN XLF, showing weak evolution when z is less than 0.4 and more pronounced evolution at higher z. The parameter C is determined for the two models, and the values support the 'slower' evolution of these AGN relative to QSOs selected optically. The deevolved XLF best-fit slope is found to be 3.05 for high luminosities and 1.35 for low luminosities, with no evidence of slope changes for other luminosities. 38 refs.


This paper explores in how many topologically different ways the wire-frames of two cubes or two tetrahedra can be interlinked. Open questions remain. Some select configurations are proposed as abstract sculptures.


Introduction. The rate of recurrence of respiratory tuberculosis is one of the indicators characterizing the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis measures. Timely detection of patients with relapses is one of the priority approaches in solving the problem. Currently, with the introduction of big data processing technologies, namely artificial intelligence, various classifiers are used that take into account the totality of signs identified in patients. The decision tree algorithm has proven itself widely in medical analytics. By analyzing these data, it is possible to classify the state of health and identify the first signs of tuberculosis recurrence. Aim. To develop and evaluate models for predicting a recurrence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant pathogen (MDR-TB), using logistic regression and decision tree. Materials and methods. The study included clinical and epidemiological, age, sex, social, medical and biological data of 346 patients with MDR-TB who successfully completed chemotherapy. Two observation groups were formed depending on the onset of recurrence of the disease in patients at least in the five-year follow-up period. The first group consisted of 35 patients with relapse, and the second one had 311 patients with no relapse. Statistical data processing for logistic regression was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0, the decision tree classifier was designed in the Scikit-learn 0.24.2 library in an interactive cloud environment with the Google Colaboratory code, using K-fold stratified validation. The quantitative interpretation of the prediction results was carried out according to the ROC-curves (receiver operating characteristic) with the assessment of the AUC indicator (the area under the ROC-curve). Results. The sensitivity and specificity of the logistic regression model and the decision tree classifier for predicting tuberculosis recurrence were 98.7%, 88.6% and 74.0%, 97.0%, respectively. Conclusion. The created models can become a tool for predicting the recurrence of MDR-TB in cured patients.


Abstract For over a decade and for the foreseeable future, federal agencies have made efforts to promote value-based care through various incentive schemes, such as the recent "Regulatory Sprint to Coordinated Care." Federal incentive schemes and other "macro tailwinds" have brought in private equity investors, especially in the context of primary care for Medicare beneficiaries. Oak Street Health and its private equity backers were pioneers in this space, applying buy-and-build strategies to create "next-generation" primary care networks "that focus largely or entirely on Medicare Advantage enrollees." Although Oak Street Health persuasively established a workable "playbook" for private equity investment in value-based care, and forecasts have been favorable, the ultimate market viability of this value-based playbook hinges on whether or not private equity investors can locate corporate buyers. The market viability of such a strategy has now been reconfirmed by the acquisition of Oak Street Health by CVS Health ("CVS"), announced February 8, 2023, and closed May 2, 2023, especially given that the incentives and the efficiencies associated with this deal are likely to be applicable to large-scale vertically integrated "payvider" corporations more generally. This Recent Transaction Comment examines CVS's acquisition of Oak Street Health to consider what factors might lead vertically integrated health care corporations to acquire value-based primary care networks in the future, and what knock on effects such acquisitions might have on future private equity buyouts in health care.


Upstream movements of radio-tagged and control adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were monitored during spring and fall 1976 and spring 1977 in the lower Snake River, southeastern Washington. Travel time from point of fish release and percent return to upstream trapping facilities were compared for experimental and control fish. Experimental fish carried anchor tags, and either external or internal radio transmitters. Control fish carried anchor tags only. Chinook salmon that lost external transmitters moved upriver more slowly than control fish although percent returns to upriver trapping facilities were similar. Travel times and percent returns of chinook salmon that retained external transmitters did not differ significantly from those of control fish. Although some salmon tagged with internal transmitters moved upriver, all failed to cross Little Goose Dam 6.5 km from the release site. Most internally tagged salmon eventually swam downstream. Key words: chinook salmon, biotelemetry, behav...


In the paper by Clayton ci al. entitled †̃¿ Anticipatory grief in widowhood' and in the companion paper by Bornstein et a!. (Journal, January :973, 122, 47—5:; May :973, 122, 561—6),the authors conclude that in their sample of unselected widows of mean age 6: years †̃¿ durationof illness [of deceased spouse] was unrelated to the prevalence of symptoms [in the survivor]'. A recent study by Parkes, Glick, Weiss and Napier (in preparation) provides comparable information about a younger sample of American widows and widowers which conflicts with these findings and suggests that, whatever the validity of the concept of †̃¿ anticipatorygrief', there are some bereaved persons who, given the opportunity, are able to prepare themselves for bereavement. This study was confined to the under 45 age group because previous work had suggested that age at bereavement was so important a determinant of outcome that failure to control for this factor would make it impossible to identify other determinants. Twenty-four Bostonian widows and widowers who had had less than two weeks warning of probable death and/or less than three days warning that death was imminent were compared with 46 who had had a longer preparation for bereavement. Data were obtained at interviews conducted three weeks and I 3 months after bereavement, and have now been re-analysed, using criteria which were as close as possible to the criteria adopted by Clayton ci al. to identify the †̃¿ Depressive Symptom-Complex'. The Table shows that 52 per cent of respondents had a †̃¿ Depressive Symptom-Complex' 3 months after bereavement, a figure considerably in excess of the 20 per cent reported by Clayton a al. and


The scope of this study is to investigate flanking noise transmission through joints between prefabricated concrete elements in Hellenic school buildings; such joints apparently are non-existent in the wholesome structure of ordinary concrete buildings. Sound insulation measurements were carried out in two prefabricated concrete buildings of the cell type; the latter involves demountable/reusable concrete elements (the cells); in this case, apparently, flanking noise transmission at joints, may be even more pronounced. A sample of seventeen façade and interior partitions of classrooms was tested. Sound insulation was also predicted based on classical theory. Analysis of the measured data confirms, by and large, the satisfactory sound insulation performance of the test partitions, with the exception of composite partitions which involve door and window openings. The latter were identified to be a major source of sound insulation deterioration. The importance of meticulous sealing of joints is demonstrated.


This paper introduces X-ray diffractometer application of petroleum geology and petroleum project in Jiangsu oilfield,and geological meaning of petroleum exploration and production.


[Objective]To explore the status of sequel in infants with epidemic encephalitis B and influencing factors.provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.[Methods]Investigation on the sequel in infants with epidemic encephalitis B reported in 1995 and 2006 in Kaijiang county was conducted in 1996 and 2007.[Results]63 infants with epidemic encephalitis B were investigated,among them 13 infants had sequel,accounting for 20.63%.The incidence was 21.88% in 1995 and 19.35% in 2006.It was 20.93% in male infants and 20.00% in female infants.It was 23.64% and 0/8 in the infants aged 2-7 year's old and other ages(P0.05).It was 2.5% in infants with slight and general symptoms while it was 52.17% in infants with severe and very severe symptoms(P0.01).33.33% of the infants were admitted to the hospital 4 days later after the onset of the disease.9.09% of them were admitted to the hospital 0-3 days later after the onset of the disease(P0.05%.Among 13 infants with sequel,9 had the sequel in nervous system,3 had mental sequel and 1 had the sequel in vegetative nervous system.[Conclusion]The occurrence of sequel in infants with epidemic encephalitis B was higher in Kaijiang county.


GeSbS chalcogenide glasses with various ratios of germanium and antimony were prepared by conventional melt-quenching method.The results of Raman,SEM and EPMA tests show that the microstructure defects of the chalcogenide glasses play an important part in their second-order nonlinear optical properties(SNOP).The glasses show large SNOP because of Sb2S3 microcrystal or the mental antimony in the glasses even before they were polarized.After the electrical/thermal polarized,GeSbS glasses show larger SNOP with the increase and growth of the microcrystal.The glasses show larger SNOP because of the existence of Sb2S3 microcrystal or the mental antimony in the glasses.


The technology of flue gas scrubbers has progressed so reliably that the question now can focus on whether the lime or limestone disposable product reagent system is better for a given condition. The chemistry of the processes are described briefly and the operating and capital costs of the processes using the two reagents are compared. Typical primary power requirements, retrofitting factors, and siting considerations are also compared. (MCW)


Negative attitudes toward people with mental illnesses lead these individuals to utilize nontraditional avenues of support-seeking, including online venues. Within these venues, particularly the website Tumblr, the practice of self-diagnosing is common. At present, selfdiagnosing is understudied, making it difficult to determine if self-diagnosed individuals face public stigma. Thus, one question about this phenomenon is as follows: does the public perceive individuals as self-diagnosed differently than individuals who are professionally diagnosed? Participants will view one of three Tumblr blogs (professionally diagnosed, self-diagnosed, and no diagnosis). It was hypothesized that participants would express differential desires to distance themselves from individuals who claim to have been self-diagnosed as compared to individuals who say they have been professionally diagnosed. Results indicated there was no differences between the groups; however, implications for future research will be discussed. STIGMA TOWARDS SELF-DIAGNOSING iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract...................................................................................................... ..ii Table of


We have observed a marked frequency (ω) dependence of the 31 P nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 in the spin-1/2 two-leg ladder compound (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 at temperatures well above the spin gap. The 1/ T 1 is found to show an ω -1/2 dependence above a certain cutoff frequency, indicating one-dimensional diffusive spin dynamics along the leg of ladders. We have also found that the spin-diffusion constant increases rapidly with decreasing temperature. This may be related to the increase of the antiferromagnetic correlation length within the ladder at low temperatures.


Complement proteins are central to the innate immune system and serve a critical role in host defence against foreign pathogens. However, complement proteins are also critical for normal clearance of damaged and apoptotic host cells, through the process of opsonisation. This process is particularly critical in pregnancy because of the large burden of semiallogenic placental apoptotic debris released into the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy (Huppertz et al. Placenta 2003;24:181–90). In placentally mediated disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, there is an increase in apoptotic and necrotic placental debris, leading to an excess inflammatory response (Redman et al. Placenta 2000;21:597–602). To achieve normal pregnancy, placental apoptotic debris must be cleared in an orderly fashion. Complement component C3b, the central opsonin in the complement cascade, marks apoptotic cells for phagocytosis. Accumulation of C3b leads to activation of the terminal complement pathway, which propagates inflammation and cellular injury, while cleavage of C3b (by complement factor I) leads to generation of iC3b and reduced complement activation. Generation of iC3b is important because complement receptors on phagocytes recognise iC3b, facilitating clearance of apoptotic cells. Complement receptors, and the interaction between complement receptors and their ligands, are therefore critical to complement homeostasis in normal pregnancy. In this issue, Lokki et al. sought to determine if genetic variants in complement receptors predispose women to develop pre-eclampsia (BJOG 2021;128:1282-1291). Investigators performed targeted exome sequencing of 11 genes coding for complement receptors, in 609 women with pre-eclampsia and in 2092 control women from two cohorts (The Finnish Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium; National FINRISK study cohort). They discovered that missense variants in genes coding for complement receptor 3 (CR3) and complement receptor 4 (CR4), which are b2-integrins that bind iC3b and are widely expressed on phagocytic cells, were significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Through functional studies, Lokki et al. showed that two missense variants caused increased binding of CR3 and CR4 to iC3b, respectively, while another variant led to decreased binding of CR4 to iC3b. Other variants in complement receptors, including C3aR, C5aR, C1qR, CR1 and CR2, were not significant or were of borderline significance. Notably, missense variants in CR3 and CR4 were common, with minor allele frequency 11–15% among control women compared with 15–20% among women with pre-eclampsia. Hence, although these variants are not causative of pre-eclampsia in isolation, they may predispose to pre-eclampsia in combination with other risk factors. Although it is presumed that these variants in CR3 and CR4 lead to proinflammatory effects as seen in preeclampsia, this was not investigated in the current study. Further studies are needed to determine if altered binding of CR3 and CR4 to iC3b, as well as other ligands, impacts cytokine release and inflammatory effects in preeclampsia. Regardless, the current study is an important addition to the rapidly expanding literature showing that complement dysregulation predisposes to pre-eclampsia. With the report that complement blockade may be an effective strategy to treat preeclampsia (Burwick et al. Placenta 2013;34:201–3), there is an urgent need to identify women who may be predisposed to altered complement regulation in pregnancy.


Two methods for the extraction of fat from powdered infant milk were compared. The methods were: (i) a cold method which involves an extraction with pentane and (ii) a modification of the Pont method, which involves the heating of the sample. Peroxide values were used in order to compare the oxidation effect of the two methods. The modified Pont method provided statistically higher values of peroxides (P<0.05) than the pentane extraction method. However, the gap between peroxide values from both methods remained constant in a large set of samples with different oxidative damage. For fat extraction, the Pont method was more suitable, since about 100% of fat was extracted, compared with 63% extracted fat with the pentane method. In addition, it was less time-consuming and cheaper.


Abstract The current study is an effort to identify the effect of a hydroalcohol (50% ethanol) extract of roots of Cissampelos pareira. (L.) Hirsuta (Menispermaceae) (CPE) in forestomach cancer and on carcinogen metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes along with antioxidant enzymes. In forestomach, the activities of glutathione S.-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly and dose-dependently. The protective effect of CPE was studied against benzo(a.)pyrene [B(a.)P]-induced gastric cancer in mice, and the tumor incidence was reduced and the mean number of tumors and the tumor multiplicity were reduced significantly and dose-dependently. The modulatory effect of CPE was also examined on carcinogen metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation in liver. Significant increases in the levels of acid-soluble sulfhydryl (–SH) and cytochrome P450 contents and in enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase, GST, DTD, SOD, catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and GSH reductase but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) showed an increase in hepatic levels of GSH content, cytochrome b5, DTD, GST, glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase, whereas MDA formation was inhibited significantly. BHA also showed increased levels of DTD, GST, and SOD significantly in forestomach. The enhanced GSH level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells are suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of Cissampelos pareira. against chemotoxicity, including carcinogenicity.


Marilyn Gist Farquhar is remembered for her contributions over seven decades as a pioneering microscopist, an inspiring researcher, mentor, and eminent leader of cell biology.


Interfacial delamination, due to the presence of dissimilar material systems, is one of the primary concerns in electronic package design. The mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion between the different layers in the packages can generate high interfacial stresses due to thermal loading during fabrication and assembly. More and more functional materials at the nano scale are, such as self-assembly monolayer (SAM) and CNT, used in electronic packaging for the improvement of the interfacial performance, traditional continuum model without considering these nano materials are obviously not suitable to study performance of electronic packages. In this study, a multi-scale model was built to investigate interfacial failure between EMC and SAM coated copper substrate. The interfacial material behavior was derived from the molecular dynamics simulation. The constitutive relation for the EMC-SAM-Cu interface under tensile load was derived from MD simulation. Tapered double cantilever beam tests (TDCB) were conducted on the laminated specimens to quantify the load during delamination propagation along the EMC-Cu interface with SAM and without SAM. Finite element models of the DCB test were built using ANSYS with interfacial element at the Cu-EMC interface. The constitutive relations from MD simulations in the form of a traction-displacement plot were introduced into the cohesive zone model to study the constitutive response of the EMC-Cu interface under the tensile loading, which is traversed across the length scale from nanoscale to macroscale. and assigned to the continuum model. The critical loading forces for the EMC/Cu interface with SAM and without SAM were obtained from the multi-scale model. It was found that interfacial strength between EMC and Cu substrate could be improved by SAM. Based on the proposed method, the predicted results were found to be comparable with those from experimental measurement.


In case you are seeking to understand how to obtain Believing in Russia Religious Policy after Communism eBooks, you need to go thorough study on common search engines with all the search phrases download Earnie Larsen PDF eBooks in order for you personally to only get PDF formatted books to download that are safer and virus-free you'll find an array of sites catering to your needs. The majority of these websites have a large collection of PDF eBooks which it is possible to use for your advantage.


Objective: To study the effect of dexamethasone added to ropivacaine on axillary brachial plexus block. Methods:Forty-five patients scheduled for hand and forearm surgery under axillary brachial plexus black were randomly al-located to three groups. Patients in group A received 0.5% ropivacaine 30 mL and dexamethasone 1 mL (5 mg) with normal saline 1 mL intravenously. Patients in group B received 0.5% ropivacaine 30 mL and normal saline 1 mL with dexametha-sone 1 mL (5 mg) intravenously. Patients in group C received 0.5% ropivacaine 30 mL and normal saline 1 mL intravenously. Results: The onset times of sensory and motor block were similar among the three groups. The duration of sensory blockade[(13.2±2.0)h versus (7.8±2.1)h and (7.5±1.9)h] and motor blockade [(11.7±2.3)h versus (7.6±1.8)h and (7.3±2.2)h] were significantly longer in group A than those of groups B and C ( P 0.05). Conclusion: Dexamethasone added to ropivacaine 0.5% solution prolonged axillary brachial plexus blockade in the duration of sensory and motor block.


Towards a Critical Multicultural Literacy claims that, in a pluralistic society, education should affirm and encourage the quest for self-examination through social transformation by creating relevant problem-posing activities that allow students to confront through reasoning, the challenges offered by everyday life's diverse reality. Dr. Weil specifically examines traditional views of education, critical-thinking advocate views of education, critical-pedagogy advocate views of education, and multicultural views of education as they historically and currently exist both in theory and in practice.


in R for t> 0; u = uo, w = wo in X, the closure of R, at t =0; u = C(x, y, z, t) on dR for t > 0. Such systems govern the diffusion of a substance U of concentration u(x, y, z, t) which diffuses through a medium in accord with Fick's first law and simultaneously interacts with an immobile phase W. If w(x, y, z, t) is the local concentration of W, the principle of conservation of matter requires that u and w satisfy the differential equation


Catalysis enables the chemical industry in all its forms, from refineries to pharmaceuticals, from fossil fuels to biomass and it is regularly stated that over 90% of all chemical products have at least one catalytic step in their manufacture. The research that underpins industrial catalysis is equally ubiquitous. From a single PhD student to the might of an industrial R&D laboratory, all can contribute to the journey that takes a catalytic process from basic idea through to full plant realisation. In this special issue on 'Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in industry' we report on all aspects of catalysis that are either directly aimed at the development of an industrial process or that can be seen as enabling for such a process. Not surprisingly most of the former ones are from industry whereas most of the latter articles stem from academia. Although the basic reaction is often well known, extensive research is usually needed in order to improve the rate or the (enantio-)selectivity. It is this research that moves the process from laboratory to plant. Various aspects can be discerned. Very often a first phase is screening of catalysts, and for fine chemicals this is sometimes all that is needed. However, finding a catalyst that provides the desired product in good selectivity is very often at the beginning of a long journey. Particularly for bulk processes but often also for fine chemicals the cost of the catalyst needs to be reduced for an economic process. Indeed, increasing the turnover numbers for a given process is often the major focus of industrial catalysis research. There are many ways in which this can be achieved. A first attempt will often be aimed at increasing the rate of the catalyst by changing the solid support, the ligand or simply reaction conditions. Less well-publicised are attempts to investigate the origins of catalyst deactivation. Yet, this line of research can be highly rewarding and lead to processes with astonishing turnover numbers. Another important area of research is the integration of catalysis and engineering to create the optimal process. Whereas this is standard in research for bulk chemicals, for fine chemicals this is a relatively new aspect. Worth mentioning in this respect is the use of flow reactors, particularly for highly exothermic reactions or for reactions using highly toxic chemicals. Catalysis has always been an important tool for creating more sustainable processes. More recently, we see the important part catalysis plays in the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemistry. The interest in chemicals based on renewable resources is rapidly rising throughout the entire chemical industry and the first plants are starting up as we speak. In this special issue, with advances in modelling, biomass utilisation and ligand design in processes that span hightemperature high-pressure high-tonnage to small-scale ambient-pressure liquidphase, we see the breadth and depth of catalysis development needed to deliver the next generation of catalytic processes. We thank all contributors for helping to create such a clear picture.


Objectives: Health-care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and the safety of HCWs is important in situations where a prolonged COVID-19 is expected. Methods: HCWs were recently put in great danger around the globe; as of December 21, there were 306 confirmed cases in HCWs in South Korea, representing 0.60% of the total 50,591 confirmed cases nationally. Results: After experiencing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), South Korea has put a range of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures with long-term perspectives in place, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), HCW's infection status tracing, visitor control, and a variety of supports from both national and local public health authorities. Conclusions: This article introduces the infection status of HCWs and IPC measures currently taken in South Korea, emphasizing the collaborative and long-term IPC efforts for ensuring the safety of HCWs.


r " . HE pervasive contrast in modern life between the kcertainties of science and technology, on the one hand, and the uncertainties of human goals and policies, on the other, is the objective source of a fundamental conflict in theory. It is now widely held that facts are rather definitely verifiable, but that values are unverifiable;' though other students assume that values are also verifiable in some significant sense and degree.2 The situation in theory is evidently in part a matter of wordsthe ambiguity of the terms "fact," "value," and "verification." Facts are often taken as something objective, values as subjective. To some verification means final, demonstrable proof; to others it is a matter of degree in testing or confirmation. "Testability" might be a better word to use, but "verification," "verifiable," or "unverifiable" is the language of the writings cited. Consideration of the various interwoven issues involved leads


Carbon nanostructure-based multifunctional materials have found various applications in advanced composite structures primarily due to their enhanced mechanical characteristics like high strength-to-weight ratio and unique thermal and physio-chemical properties of the nanostructures. The effect of size of the nanoparticle is found to significantly affect the overall thermo-mechanical properties of the nanocomposite material. To understand and develop efficient composite systems with the desired thermal characteristics, it is necessary to develop an accurate thermal transport model that considers these 'size parameters' along with the various parameters that influence the thermal properties. The novelty of this study is the development of a multiscale mathematical framework and simulation strategy to estimate the thermal transport properties of nanostructure-based composites by considering the size-effect obtained from the thermal transport phenomenon together with their interfacial thermal properties obta...


Forward security proxy signature scheme established mostly supposes that the original signer's secret key is secure,and the proxy signer's secret key evolves.If original signer's secret key is exposed,the proxy signature before is not validity.A new forward security proxy signature scheme is proposed.In the scheme,valid of the original signer's secret key is compartmentalized to some phases,and current secret key generates proxy signature key which is valid only at current phase.If original signer's secret key is exposed,attacker can't get the secret key in the past and can't forge proxy signature key.It will promise that the proxy signature in the past is valid.


It was obvious that because the stoppage of respiration and heart would cause brain death in a few minutes, no heart beat and respiration can be recognized as death. With the developments in medical technology, the definition of death has been obscured. Under circumstances that patient is in a persistent vegetative state, is maintained by respirator, and shows no reasonable possibility to emerge from her comatose condition to a cognitive state, is it right to discontinue the life-support apparatus for the good of patient? Because human life is priceless and cannot be restored once it is lost, discontinuance of the life-support apparatus should be extremely cautious. In the matter of Karen Quinlan, an incompetent under the circumstances mentioned above, the Supreme Court of New Jersey held that the life-support system may be withdrawn by physicians without any civil or criminal liability upon the concurrence of the guardian and family of patient, and preferably with the consultation with hospital ethics committee, even though it was expected that patient's death would follow soon after its removal. The court determined that under such physical and medical conditions, Karen's right of privacy may be asserted in her behalf by her guardian and family. In deciding the constitutional right of privacy that was the most crucial concern of the court, the court believed that if Karen were miraculously lucid for an interval and perceived of her irreversible condition, she would decide to discontinue the life-support apparatus even though she knew that it would definitely cause her death. This case has important implications on withdrawing of medical treatment for an incompetent as follows. The doctor can act only with the direct or indirect, explicit or implicit permission of the patient. When vital procedures of patient's life is maintained by extraordinary medical procedures and mechanisms, prolongation of his life is meaningless, only to expand the enormous pain of patient who has no hope of recovery, and not to help the patient to manage his life as a duty given by God. It would be desirable to constitute 'hospital ethics committee' consisting of doctors, lawyers, law professors, ministers, social workers, university students, etc to examine ethical issues involved in such cases and provide suggestions to the doctor in charge and the family of patient. This would reduce and disperse the responsibility for, difficulty in, the decision to suspend the life-support mechanism.


The author makes a critical examination of the nature of maritime pollution and the threat it poses to common space resource regimes, especially that of the Southern Ocean. Accepting the premise that international law must operate to prevent further degradation of the earth's common spaces, especially the oceans and Antarctica. This article examines the political, economic, and legal nuances associated with pollution abatement for the marine environment and resource conservation/contamination prevention for the Antarctic ecosystem. It notes encouraging signs in the United Nations conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). 209 references.


The liturgical year of the Church is rich in its celebrations and it is also for this reason that it marks and accompanies the life of communities. The liturgical calendar of the Church presents to us, again and again, the importance of the celebration of the moments experienced by the community. The human being experiences these moments. This article brings an experiential approach to the human being and to the influences of time in everyday life of society. Highlighting the significance of time on people's life and the importance of the role which the Church exercises in the midst of the routine of human life, the article presents pointers for a meaningful life experience for the individual and the community.


Abstract In recent years, programmes aimed at improving environmental conditions in river valleys within urban spaces have been initiated in many of the European Community countries. An example is the project "Revitalization of Urban River Spaces – REURIS" which was implemented in 2009-2012. Its main aim was to revitalize a part of the valley of the River Ślepiotka in Katowice. One of the tasks of the project was a comprehensive treatment to combat invasive plant species occurring in this area, carried out by using a combination of chemical and mechanical methods. Chemical treatment involved the application of herbicide mixtures, and mechanical treatment included, among others, mowing and/or removal of the undesirable plants. The work focused primarily on reducing the spread of two species of the Impatiens genus: I. glandulifera and I. parviflora, and the species Padus serotina, Reynoutria japonica and Solidago canadensis. Currently, the maintenance works on this section of the river are performed by the Urban Greenery Department in Katowice, which continues the elimination of invasive plants, according to the objectives of the REURIS program. In 2012 the Department of Botany and Nature Protection at the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection started to monitor the implementation and the effects of the implemented actions for elimination and participated in the action of removal of selected invasive plant species: Impatiens parviflora and Reynoutria japonica within specific areas. These actions led to a reduction in the area occupied by invasive plants and a weakening of their growth rate and ability to reproduce.


An investigation of the performance of a 405 km obstacle -diffraction radio link between Germany and Italy was made during June and July J 966 to evaluate contributions of both the antenna system and local meteorological conditions to propagation outages. Antenna gains were found to be close to theoretical, and no appreciable distortion of the antenna patterns was detected. The signal angle-of-arrival was measured at the southern terminal but no regular pattern of variation was found, and no significant improvement in received signal level could be obtained by signal tracking. Angle diversity produced a small improvement in signal level, especially during low-signal periods. Surface meteorological observations at the two sites during the test interval were not well correlated with short-term variations in signal level, but synoptic studies of the upper air showed that refractivity conditions were usually favorable for pronounced radio bending during periods of severe signal fading.


Title of Article : e-Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance (e-HRM) in the Nigerian Banking Industry: An Empirical Study of Guaranty Trust Bank Plc. Author(s): Abiodun, A. J., Adeyemi, K. S.O e-appraisal and e-training) on Organizational Performance focusing on service delivery and commitment. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 232 respondents from Guaranty Trust Bank Plc and were analyzed using Amos 21, which can be used in testing relationship between variables. However, it was revealed in our model that strong positive association exist amongst e-HRM variables and was in line with organizational performance variable. Further, noted amongst others is the close and significant relationship that exist between e-recruitment and service delivery, thereby accepting the study hypotheses. It is therefore recommended that banks and by extension the corporate world should adopt the use of electronic in delivering their activities especially in human resources. For further study, similar study should be carried out in other industry like manufacturing.


Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the limiting factors for successful cultivation of banana throughout the world. Abiotic factors like rainfall, soil temperature and soil moisture plays an important role in population build up of nematodes, which in turn govern the damage caused by nematodes. Population dynamics of three most commonly occurred plant parasitic nematodes around the rhizosphere of banana viz. Helicotylenchus dihystera, Meloidogyne incognita and Tyelnchorhynchus leviterminalis was studied in relation to soil temperature, soil moisture and rainfall during 2010–11. Maximum nematodes population was recorded during the warmer months of the year with soil temperature ranging from 23.1 – 30.6°C, soil moisture ranging from 21- 45 per cent and rainfall being 102.9 - 509.9 mm; respectively. Minimum population was recorded during January with corresponding soil temperature ranging from 18.3 – 18.5°C, soil moisture ranging from 14 - 18.5 per cent and rainfall of 15.7 mm. H. dihystera, T. leviterminalis and M. incognita showed positive relationship with soil temperature, soil moisture and rainfall at both the site. Influence of soil temperature was more in fluctuating nematode population around banana plantation.


Objective:Recently a novel hepatitis virus,TT virus (TTV),has been isolated as a candidate for non A to G hepatitis virus.Our study was to elucidate the clinical significance of TTV infection in liver diseases and to investigate the response of TTV to IFN,and to examine the relaionship between TTV infection and liver injury in chronic hepatitis C during the IFN therapy period and the follow up after cessation of INF therapy.Methods:TTV DNA was determined by semi nested PCR.Results:TTV DNA was detected in 18 of 44 (40.9%) patients with a diagnosis of non A C acute liver diseases,2 of 8 (25%) patients with non B and non C chronic liver diseases,and 14 of 110 (12.8%) blood donors.No statistically significant difference was found in mean age,sex,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels,HCV RNA levels between the patients of TTV DNA positive and the negative patients with hepatitis C virus.The changes in ALT concentrations were significantly correlated with change in HCV RNA in chronic hepatitis C with TTV during the IFN therapy period and the follow up after cessation of IFN therapy.Moreover,there was no correlation between the changes of TTV DNA and course of ALT.Conclusion:Hepatocellular injury in the patients with chronic hepatitis who are co infected with HCV and TTV appears primarily due to HCV and is less attributable to TTV.


This study makes an attempt to see whether the
library and information support rendered by Kerala
Institute of Local Administration (KILA) to the
elected functionaries of Village Panchayats who
come to KILA for enhancing their capacity by taking
part in the training programmes, is efficacious and if
not, to suggest measures for betterment. It is expected
that the values they acquire and the attitudes they
develop through training will capacitate them to offer
their services and participation in Working Groups
and Technical Advisory Committees even after the
expiry of their term in the respective Panchayats,
Municipalities and Municipal Corporations.


This research aims to analyze the effect of online business on economic growth in Java Island, segment and optimize aspects that support the development of internet business in the locus of Java Island, especially East Java Province, and complement it with a The existence of social.The method used is a combination of 5 techniques, namely regression analysis, thematic map visualization, clustering, spatial analysis, and text mining. This research has major implications for the development of MSMEs because MSMEs have succeeded in implementing e-commers in their sales and this greatly affects economic growth. Through the support of other analyses, it will also be known that the factors that support economic growth are more complete. The results show that online business affects the economic growth of provinces in Java. Online business businesses need to continue to be optimized by improving the quality of HDI and web networks, especially in the development priority areas of East Java Province. Programs related to the advanced economy need to be encouraged to align changes in the order of society with MSME activities in adapting to the e-digitalization period. This research has major implications for the development of MSMEs because MSMEs have succeeded in implementing e-commers in their sales and this greatly affects economic growth. Through the support of other analyses, it will also be known that the factors that support economic growth are more complete. This condition is more specific to developing countries and Covid-19 Pandemi.


When Japan's Sanwa Bank Ltd. opened a subsidiary in California in 1972, it had absolutely no intention of becoming one of the state's leading retail banks. The reason we came was to serve Japanese customers doing business between Japan and the United States," recalls Masahiro "Mark" Yoda, president and CEO. "Our customers at the time were mostly Japanese trading companies." However, the march of time led the Los Angeles-based bank down a different route. "After almost 20 years," says Yoda, 99% of our customers are American; only 1% are Japanese. We never dreamed of that kind of change. " Today, with $6.9 billion in assets, Sanwa Bank California is the seventh-largest bank in California. Its success reflects a deft blending of Japanese and American corporate cultures, coupled with changing Japanese attitudes to banking, which have been both witnessed and encouraged by Yoda. Contemporary Americana. Those who view Japanese bankers as a dreaded foe may think otherwise after meeting Yoda, 52, a personable and articulate gentleman. While his bank is a subsidiary of a major Japanese institution-Sanwa Bank Ltd., with over $350 billion in assets, is the world's sixth-largest bank-Yoda is quick to point out that it should not be pigeonholed into being defined as a Japanese bank. "We are just like other American banks," he explains. "We serve American people and communities. We now have 105 branches and 3,400 employees. Out of 3,400, only 40 are Japanese. " Yoda adds that non-Japanese directors make up an eight-to-six majority on the bank's board. The American nature of the bank's operations affects Yoda, too. "I would express maybe 6% of what I have to say in Japanese," he calculates. Sanwa Bank California is the only foreign-based Sanwa subsidiary that has become a part of an overseas retail market; the parent company's other subsidiaries are strictly involved in the commercial side of banking. "We're doing business in this country with everybody, "says Yoda, "especially Americans." Sanwa has become very much involved in the domestic market-for example, it lists roughly $370 million in agricultural loans, over $405 million in consumer loans, and $305 million in real estate loans. The bank has been noted for its philanthropic donations to American concerns, particularly its $600,000 contribution to earthquake relief agencies following last year's devastating San Francisco earthquake (the donation was made in partnership with the parent company) and its corporate sponsorship of Yosemite National Park and Marine World Africa USA. The bank has also played a role within the growing community development lending market through its participation in the California Community Reinvestment Corp., a mortgage banking consortium of California banks dedicated to financing affordable housing. Yoda notes this participation comes from Sanwa's cultural roots, where community reinvestment is an unwritten law. "In Japan," he explains, "commercial banks are historically kind of quasi-public companies-people always expect big Japanese banks to behave like public institutions. There is no law to require them to behave this way or that, but Japanese banks are always very conscious of public opinion, so we are very much accustomed to behaving this way. Cultural questions. One major cultural difference that separates American banks from their Japanese counterparts is the ability of U. S. institutions to operate both commercial and trust banking units as part of the same company. In Japan, the government decided in 1953 that trust and commercial banking must be kept separate. Because of this situation, Sanwa Bank California has an advantage over its parent company-it has its own trust and financial services division. The parent must settle for a trust subsidiary based in New York, the Sanwa Bank Trust Co., a three-person, $2 million-assets operation. …


From the view of civil society theory,in this paper,the authors discussed the importance of cultivating non-profit organization in China.The authors pointed that non-profit organization will develop quickly as the accelerating process of market economy and political democracy,and the government's functions in sports management will be adjusted.Government should adopt measure,give energetic support to fostering non-profit sport organization,and provide a good environment for the development of the non-profit sport organization.


The purpose of our study is on the dynamic instability, that is dynamic buckling, of structures such as elevated expressways, towers and high-storied building subjected to a horizontal and a vertical excitations simultaneously. The coupled motion of equation with a horizontal and a vertical excitations simultaneously for these structures is derived in this paper, and this modeling is shown to become a Mathieu type's parametric excitatoin. The numerical simulation analysis is carried out for an elastic beam model with an attached mass on its tip instead of a shell model as a first step of our study. Comparing with the classical seismic analysis method, this proposed dynamic stability analysis method shows the larger deformation in horizontal direction due to the parametric excitation of a vertical seismic wave.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Occurrence of Diplostomum sp Nordmann, 1832 (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) in Plagioscion squamosissimus Heckel, 1840, from Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. The present work demonstrated the presence of Diplostomum sp (Digenea) in corvina ( Plagioscion squamosissimus Heckel, 1840) from the Volta Grande Reservoir (MG). Prevalence, intensity and seasonality in the natural conditions were evaluated. Fishes were bimonthly collected with the aid of a net, during the period of December 1995 through December 1996. Thirty one out of sixty eight fishes were parasitized in the eyes. The prevalence was 45,6% and the mean number of parasites was 13 varying from 1 to 34.


The application and development status about hot-working die steel were introduced in this paper,performance and application of some new hot-die steels were analyzed.


Abstract : In this report, we describe a nonlethal burn in the mouse model, which mimics the human clinical situation, and has been used extensively in studying P. aeruginosa virulence factors and various experimental P. aeruginosa vaccine preparations.


A 29 year old male drug addict, who was HIV positive presented with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow examination revealed Histoplasma capsulatum confirmed by PAS & GMS stains. However patient had a rapid downhill course with multiorgan failure and died before specific treatment could be instituted.


Recent demographic trends in the USSR are reviewed with a focus on the 1980s. More detailed consideration is given to trends in fertility mortality life expectancy and infant mortality. (ANNOTATION)


This article is about Su Shi,a famous Chinese literature figure in Song dynasty.He is the first person who put forward the close relation between poem and paintings. He also mentioned that poem writing should be flat and nature and should pay attention to its taste.


The article studies the relations between dimensional stability of curing samples and depositing time in different softening condition.It comes to the conclusion that different depositing time corresponds with different softening condition.In the experiment,there is a good dimensional stability when samples are depositing after 4 hours in the first softening condition;6h is better depositing time in the second softening condition;dimensional stability of samples is good when the samples are measured after 6h in the three softening condition.


The study assessed the job performance of extension personnel as well as determined the relationships between selected personal characteristics and job performance variables of these extension workers in Akwa Ibom State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP). Data for the study were obtained from 90 respondents who were randomly selected.  Percentages, mean scores, and correlation statistic were used in data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the level of job performance for each of the EAs, BEAs and BESs was rated slightly above average. Level of formal education of EAs was positively and significantly associated with regular and timely field visits to farmers. The need to design policies aimed at improving the level of formal education of EAs was indicated.


Introduction A number of different codes have been developed for modeling implantation in crystal structures. The MARLOWE [1], UT-MARLOWE [2], and CRYSTAL-TRIM [3] codes have gained popularity and are used by many groups for studying ion implantation, sputtering and scattering from crystal surfaces. In ATHENA the current Monte Carlo models are based on PEPPER. However new models are currently implemented based on CRYSTAL, a BCA code developed at the University of Surrey, [4], which was written to explicitly meet the requirements for modeling of channeling implantation plus damage accumulation in crystalline silicon. These new models will be available in ATHENA and later in 3D in ODIN.


In view of the association rule mining technology and the research and analysis of its classic Apriori algorithm and FP-growth algorithm,an advanced frequent itemsets mining algorithm is proposed.The improved algorithm stores database using of matrix and calculates itemsets'support number in terms of the matrix operation,which reduces the number of times for database scanning.The algorithm creates frequent pattern tree using of orderly frequent item adjacency matrix,which effectively reduces the branch and layer of the tree.Finally the examples analyze the frequent itemsets of mining process.


The reach and appeal of Buddhism are its faculty of adaptation to other cultural backgrounds and languages, and its egalitarian view of sentient beings. Taking a cultural anthropology perspective, this paper would like to illustrate the fact that Buddhism as a globalized and multi-faceted religion is not a new phenomenon, and that Tibetan Buddhism's diffusion in the West is due to different factors.


Coffee is a type of tropical plant that can grow anywhere, except in places that are too high with very high temperatures or barren areas that are not suitable for plant life. The purpose of the study was to analyze the competitive advantage of gayo arabica coffee commodities in Bener Meriah regency and to analyze the comparative advantage of gayo arabica coffee commodities in Bener Meriah regency. This research uses the porter's diamond method and the RCA method. The results of the study show that in general coffee farming has a competitive advantage. Can be seen from several factors such as resources, demand factors, related industry factors and supporting industries, competition factors and the structure and strategy of the company and government role factors. Based on the rca method, most values indicate that coffee farming has a high comparative competitiveness value.


In recent past, there are a lot of research advancements in mobile forensics tools. This is so due to increase usage of mobile phones in storage of information, law enforcement, mobile online transactions, and also negatively by criminals due to increased computational capabilities. Mobile forensics devices continue to remain a very challenging task due to poor user data retrieval techniques for evidence retrieval. Recently, third party applications assume a veritable feet because it is supported by majority of mobile devices platforms, thereby making it easy to extract information of its users' for future criminal audit. This paper proposes an evidence data retrieval method from InstagramApp using two networks-based platforms [that is, pure peer-to-peer (PPP) and special cluster peer (SCP)-based], whose concept is to manage mobile device communication and generate multiple copies of users data/information to be dumped across three servers. The forensic test results were obtained from PPP and SCP develope...


Imagine you are stranded on a deserted isle and you can take only one science lesson with you: what would it be? It's a variant of a familiar game. Pointlessly unrealistic, of course. No matter. As with many thought experiments, the purpose is more deeply philosophical. Namely, the question invites reflection--not about favorite books or music or interesting people--but about what, ultimately, is the most important element in science education. Yes, really. Take a moment to reflect. OK: evolution, hands down. That would be the answer--if what mattered was content. "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." Yet others may surely contend that the core of science is not the content, but rather the process. "Give a student a concept and they can learn for a day; teach a student how to investigate, and they can learn for a lifetime." Teaching the process of science seems so much more fundamental and enabling. What a potent conclusion. Imagine what this priority would imply about state-wide multiple-choice exams! What havoc! Yet I would wager that most science teachers would feel quite liberated if teaching process of science was their primary charge from the public. One could stop rushing through the textbook and cramming lectures with facts that students could find equally well on the Internet, given a bit of savvy "how-to" and critical thinking, so fundamental to effective research itself. One could focus on scientists themselves, their compelling stories, the route to discovery, the celebration of creative insight, the processes of reasoning: that is a science lesson that is both satisfyingly human and concretely useful. So: process of science? Hardly an original answer, but surely provocative enough to start us pondering why this is not more central or dominant in state standards or the tests derived from them. Perhaps teachers and educational researchers need to reflect more thoroughly on how one demonstrates this form of understanding, so that it is not so easily shunted to the periphery when administrators and political demagogues scream "Accountability." But with only a single lesson, one should choose carefully Ultimately--call me an optimist, perhaps--I have faith that if reliable information is important, someone will seek it. Eventually, they will find how to sort the reliable information from the rubbish. If they care. That is, they will figure out all the scientific methods that have emerged from centuries of meta-scientific learning: the role of empirical evidence, the virtue of accurate measurements, the need for controlled experiment, double-blind studies, statistical analysis of error, honest reporting, et cetera. Science will be able to reassemble itself on a deserted isle, if knowledge is important at all. That might mean that the primary lesson should be an appreciation of science, respect for truth, and enthusiasm for seeking knowledge: more affective than cognitive. Indeed, I regard this goal as high among many teachers' reasons for teaching--although reward may be scarce for acknowledging so publically. Parents, however, often seem mindful of the value of this lesson, possibly the occasion for the most frequent unsolicited (and welcome) expressions of gratitude that teachers receive. Honoring this third option as the number one science lesson may be as revolutionary as the former. Imagine the core of science being more about emotion than reason or intellect. Wow, that would step on some sacred bovine toes. My own candidate for "Most Important Science Lesson" (MISL), however, departs from all these fine proposals. Foremost, it shifts focus from the process of science one layer deeper, to the "nature of science" that sometimes vague set of concepts about science and how science works--or, in this case, how science does not work. The nature of science was (re)established as an important benchmark in science education in several important reform documents in the 1990s, from the National Research Council (1996) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993) to BSCS (1993). …


For inscription of long-period grating in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs), their cladding parameters need to optimize. Using our earlier developed field model for index-guiding MOFs with triangular lattice of voids these parameters can be optimized.


Introduction Object and Scope of Paper: "This paper attempts to assemble and discuss briefly in one volume a number of subjects relating to the mining of gold, particularly from lode deposits, in the United States and Canada."


For the economic and financial evaluation of port investment projects, it is important to know the demand function of a port's services. The objective of this study is to establish such a demand choice function for the Spanish container port services. The function is derived from the coefficients of a port choice model, for which a multinomial logit model is used and of which the coefficients are estimated with regression analysis. The variables tested concern inland transport cost, ocean transport costs and broad proxy variables for quality of service. Information on container import and export flows for 2007 is obtained from the Spanish Treasury Department. The linear regression analysis is based on differences of utilities of alternative routings of containerised cargoes compared to those routed via the port of Valencia. The obtained results are satisfactory in terms of model fit. The estimated coefficients can be used to assess the impact of changes in costs of container flows routed via a port on a port's market share. A demand choice function for the port can be derived by systematically doing so. An example is presented for the port of Valencia.


The static characteristics of loads in linear electric circuits are linear. This means that the resistances, inductances, and capacitances are constants and they do not depend on the operating mode. The transients of these circuits are always steady-states, i.e. they always tend to a certain stationary mode since the values of the currents and voltages there cannot increase indefinitely. Depending on the values of resistors, coils, and capacitors in a linear electric circuit three types of transients occur under DC sources, namely: overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped. A danger for the analyzed DC circuit is the underdamped transients. For this reason, it is necessary to determine these values of the parameters of the passive elements that lead to the threshold critically damped transients in linear electric circuit. In this paper, the sufficient condition for the occurrence of overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped transients in linear electric circuits is used. A parametric analysis of the type of transients on illustrative examples of second-order circuits (with the two conservative elements) is made. The three types of transients, varying parameters of the passive elements (resistors, coils, and capacitors), are analyzed. The present paper is an educational tool to improve students' knowledge in the field of transient responses appearing in linear circuits under constant energy sources.


Ecoforestry focuses on the new paradigm in forestry -- the philosophy, goals, policies, and practices of ecologically and economically sustainable forest use -- including ecoforestry principles and practices; forest ecosystem components and restoration; wood and forest products certification; and current ecoforestry practitioners and techniques. Contributors include James Agee, Herb Hammond, Chris Maser, Nancy Turner, Arne Naess and Gary Snyder.


Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between worry and working memory performance. Sixty-one healthy adults (31 men and 30 women) ranging in age from 18 to 63 years were given three questionnaires (the Worry Domains Questionnaire, the State – Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the White Bear Suppression Inventory) and six working memory tasks (the Digit Span task [forward and reversed], the Spatial Span task [forward and reversed], the Visual Patterns Test, and a dual-performance task. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were performed on each dependent measure to examine the contribution of the independent variables. The results indicated that self-reported worry was a significant contributor to the prediction of working memory performance. However, contrary to the hypothesis, worry did not significantly account for variance on the verbal working memory tasks, but did make a significant and negative contribution to the performance of central executive tasks (i.e., spatial span r...


A simulation technique is described and utilized to generate superposed coherent and chaotic (thermal) radiation of arbitrary spectral shape. The statistical properties of a simulated radiation field with a Lorentzian spectral density is investigated with a photoelectron counting experiment. The experimental photocount distribution and normalized mth‐order factorial moments are compared to theory and verify that the simulated radiation field, an appropriately modulated laser beam, has the expected statistical properties. The concept described indicates that one may, in principle, generate a thermal source of comparable intensity to that of a laser, arbitrary spectral shape, and bandwidth.


It is known that the formation of bile stone is caused by abnormality of bile component, stagnation of bile, inflammation of bile-duct, abnormality of systemic metabolism, and so on. Furthermore, it is considered that the formation of bile stone is closely related to life environments as well as dietary life, in particular, epicurean foods and fatness, varying with region or period. Based on these hypothesis, investigations were undertaken on life environment and dietary life of 63 inpatients with cholelithiasis admitted to the Department of Surgery of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, and 63 healthy adults. Findings were as follows: 1) Regarding medical history, morbidity of the cases with cholelithiasis was 60. 3%, while that of healthy adults was 36. 5%, and kinds of affection of the former were greatly more than those of the latter. 2) In state of fatness, cases with cholelithiasis weighing over 20% of the standard were 20. 7% and healthy adults, 4. 8%. 3) Regarding the dietary life, there was a wide difference between the cases (40%) and the healthy adults (6. 3%) in irregularity of mealtime. The rate of cases who like greasy foods (82. 5%) exceeds that of the healthy adults (31. 9%). As compared to the healthy adults, the cases who like meat, egg, cheese, butter or milk showed higher rate both in number and quality. In luxury, there is little difference between the two. From these results, it is reasonably presumed that there might be correlation between fatty foods and cholelithiasis.


Crystal structure mechanical and thermal properties growth and phase transformations thermochemical properties band structure Schottky barrier heights heterojunctions and interfaces electrical transport optical properties and functions impurity diffusion self-diffusion hyperfine interactions.


The purpose of this article is to report on the vocational outcomes of people with mental illness participating in a supported employment (SE) program in Hong Kong. A total of 748 participants were enrolled in the present program which was developed on the basis of the Job Coach Model (Wehman, 1986) and the principles of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) Model (Becker & Drake, 1994). Of the 748 participants, 458 (61.2%) obtained competitive employment. The mean job tenure was 151 days. The mean salary was HK$4,561 (US$585.00) for full-time jobs and $2,368 (US$304.00) for part-time jobs. The majority of participants (62.4%) could sustain their job placement for more than 30 days, 110 (24.0%) participants could work for more than six months, and 59 (12.9%) could maintain their jobs for more than one year. Participants who became employed were compared to those who did not gain employment on a variety of demographic variables. Significant differences were found between two groups in the aspects of gender and education background. The rate of employment in the current study was slightly higher, but the job retention rate was lower than that in the earlier studies. Economic conditions were found to have a remarkable influence on employment rates for the present SE program. This study concluded that individualized SE programs could be an effective approach to enhance vocational outcomes for people with mental illness in Hong Kong. Recommendations for future research on evaluation of the effectiveness of SE program and for further development of SE in Hong Kong were suggested.


From the hairy roots induced by an inoculation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow) leaf segments, we obtained the hairy root clone which could frequently regenerate shoots from calli produced at the basal sites of lateral roots branched from major hairy roots. The leaflets detached from the regenerated shoots produced secondarily the hairy roots and differentiated into the secondary shoots via calli in a similar manner. This circulatory culture system for the hairy root production and plant regeneration was available for an in vitro assay of multiplication and translocation of TMV. By the inoculation into detached leaves of the regenerated shoots with TMV, the virus-specific mosaic symptom was observed in the leaflets of the newly regenerated shoots, and the localization of TMV in the symptomless tissues such as stems, petioles, and secondary hairy roots of the infected regenerants was easily detected by direct tissue printing immunoblotting assay.


Objective To determine schisandrin,schisandrol B,deoxyschizandrin,and schisandrin B in serum containing drug of Compound Wurenchun Capsula.Methods An HPLC method was set up.Li-chrosphere C18 column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) and Phenomenex Description C18(4.0 mm×3.0 mm)protective column were used.Acetonitrile-water was used as gradient mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 210 nm.Results The linear ranges of schisandrin,schisandrol B,deoxyschizandrin,and schisandrin B were within 0.051 2-0.768 0 μg(r=0.999 5),0.054 0-0.810 0 μg(r=0.999 6),0.012 3-0.184 5 μg(r=0.999 8),and 0.039 8-0.597 0 μg(r=0.999 6),respectively.The average concentration of these four lignans in serum containing drug were 8.021 1,6.231 0,0.530 8,and 5.851 0 μg/mL,respectively.Conclusion This method is easy,sensitive,specific,and accurate for the assaying of the four lignans in serum containing drug of Compound Wurenchun Capsula.


Flywheel energy storage devices comprising multi-layered composite rotor systems were investigated with a recently developed ultrasonic spectroscopy technique. The ultrasonic system employs a continuous swept sine waveform and performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the frequency response spectrum. Equalization of the frequency spectrum, along with the second FFT aids in the evaluation of the fundamental resonant frequency. The responses from multi-layered material samples, with and without known defects, were analyzed to assess the capabilities and limitations of this nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique for material characterization and defect detection.


We show that there are no fundamental limits to the maximum time delay that can be achieved for pulses propagating through slow-light media, thus suggesting the importance of slow-light methods for practical applications.