It is indeed a challenging task to write a text book or monograph on x-ray diffraction (XRD), because of the universally accepted text book by B. D. Cullity. Professor Cullity did a wonderful job in combining an optimum amount of theory with the required amount of practice to write his extraordinary book. Like many others, the reviewer learned XRD by studying Professor Cullity's book. When Dr. He published his book on two-dimensional x-ray diffraction (XRD), one becomes curious whether it is a theory-based one or practicebased one. At the onset, it must be written that Dr. He combined theory with practice well in his book, resulting in a good graduate level text book as well as a book for practicing scientists. With the advent of 2-D detectors, the field of traditional XRD is changing. A 2-D diffraction pattern contains abundant information about atomic arrangement, microstructure, and defects in a solid. This book has thirteen chapters and covers basic concepts and current status of 2-D XRD including geometry conventions, x-ray sources and optics, 2-D detectors, data analysis and configurations for various applications, e.g., phase identification, texture, stress, microstructural analysis, crystallinity, thin film analysis, etc. Chapter 1 presents a brief introduction to the technique of conventional XRD and its extension to XRD. It emphasizes the strength of this technique with respect to quantitative analysis, especially, for those samples with texture, very large grain size or small quantity. The speed of 2-D diffraction is typically several orders of magnitude higher than the conventional diffraction. In Chapter 2, the geometry conventions are introduced. This is essential because new theory should be consistent with conventional theory, so that the 2-D data can be used for conventional applications too. XRD is not simply a diffractometer with a 2-D detector! In chapter 3, the author explains x-ray source and optics used in such a system. This information is appropriately retrieved from various trade literature and monographs and appropriately summarized in the book. The difference between point focus and line focus, microfocus tubes, x-ray optics, especially, the difference between Bragg-Brentano geometry and parallel beam geometry, and eventually the x-ray optics for 2-D diffractometer are presented well in this chapter. Use of crystal monochromator and principle behind multiplayer mirrors are also mentioned here. Chapter 4 deals with probably the most important chapter,. i.e., detectors. Author reviews various types of film cameras, point and line detectors used in conventional XRD and then area detectors used in XRD. The goniometer and the sample stage establish the geometric relationship between the incident beam, sample and detector. Most concepts of conventional diffractometer are applicable to XRD. This is amply discussed in Chapter 5. Data treatment is very important to minimize errors caused by detector defects and undesirable effects caused by instrument and sample geometry. It is also important to integrate the 2-D frames into one dimensional diffraction profiles for analysis like phase identification. These are dealt with in Chapter 6. The most common XRD study involves phase identification by analysing a diffraction pattern. More and more people are using linear or area detectors over the conventional Bragg-Brentano geometry owing to a high speed of data collection, small sample size, etc. There are some discrepancies between diffraction patterns collected using a Bragg-Brentano system and a system with a linear or area detector. Chapter 7 deals with phase identification using a 2-D detector. This chapter is rather brief and mostly theoretical in nature. Chapter 8 deals with texture analysis. The 2-D system has many advantages over 1-D sytem, e.g., the orientation distribution of several crystallographic planes over a range of angles can be measured simultaneously resulting in better results with faster data collection time. One useful section is on data collection strategy. This chapter is rather extensive and deals with all important aspects of texture analysis. Chapter 9 is on stress measurement. It reviews principle of x-ray stress analysis and compares conventional theory with 2-D theory. It also deals with experimental set-up and data collection strategy. The chapter is rather extensive in nature. Experimental examples are also given in this chapter. The 2-D small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is discussed in Chapter 10. Need for a dedicated system requiring high resolution is also explained here. Some innovations in 2-D SAXS are also reported in this chapter. Combinatorial chemistry is an innovative method of synthesizing a large number of many different substances simultaneously. It is a challenge to screen all Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27: 1008–1009, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1042-6914 print=1532-2475 online DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2011.654156


Sponsorship is a form of promotional communication with the basic goal to persuade. Researchers have offered a series of benefits for the sponsor that can be achieved through selecting the ideal property, including, obtaining brand exposure, achieving brand recall, enhancing brand image, and communicating a brand theme in the hope of obtaining sales. However, differentiating the brand from competitors is a distinctive tactic essential for realising a competitive advantage. To assist with brand differentiating, corporate sponsors negotiate for exclusivity within a product or service category. Product category exclusivity acts to eliminate corporations within a sponsor's product or service category from the sponsored subject. Therefore, sponsors pay a premium price to achieve such a restricted promotional position.
However, instances of competing sponsorship interests within a football event or league have become common as broadcasters, footballers and stadiums owners all pursue corporate support. Where these separate actors in the same sports marketplace have not collaborate effectively to limit sponsor category conflicts, a sponsoring brand may find it difficult to establish unique image association within the football domain apart from category competitors. This questions the level of exclusivity football associations and related enterprises grant to their official sponsors.
The purpose of the research is to raise the issue and debate the practice of selling multiple sponsorship rights within a particular product or service category in football competitions. Ambush marketing has emerged as an effective weapon in the arsenal of marketing department seeking to associate their brands with sporting events. The research analyses the most effective and common strategies of ambush marketing in English football, and examines the legal mechanisms available in the United Kingdom to prevent the likelihood of suffering damage to official sponsors by third party ambush tactics. The research concludes with the extent to which the legal system in the United Kingdom could help to protect the exclusive rights of the sponsor in English Football.


Sampling designs with equally spaced measurements along a temporal or spatial axis (one‐dimensional systematic sampling) are widely used in stereology (volume estimation from serial sections, linear integration), for Monte Carlo integration, in forest research (line sampling), in time‐series analysis and in demographic studies. An unbiased estimate of the integral of a function f(x) in an interval [0, h] is obtained from a discrete number of values of f(x) at arguments separated by a constant distance d, provided that one of the arguments is selected with uniform probability within an interval of length d. In this paper the accuracy of one‐dimensional random systematic sampling is explored. The relative mean square error of the estimate, CE2(Â), is determined for six geometrical models of f(x) directly by integration (which leads to explicit results) or indirectly via a Fourier transformation of f(x) (which leads to results in form of series expansions). Some CE2s thus obtained depend only on n=[m] and p=m‐[m], the integer and decimal part of the real number m=h/d. These non‐elementary expressions have recently been denoted as np‐functions (Mattfeldt, 1987). In practical studies lack of independent replications in systematic sampling often precludes the unbiased estimation of CE(Â). Short‐cut estimators were based on treatment of the systematic sample as a simple random sample, on the empirical autocorrelation, on various differences between the elements, on interpenetrating subsamples, and on the theory of regionalized variables. More involved methods which usually require a computer rely on Monte Carlo simulation, regression of log CE on log m, Fourier analysis, the Euler‐MacLaurin theorem, and methods of time‐series analysis. In an empirical study the absolute volumes of ten rat hearts were estimated from sets of systematic slices. Acceptable estimates of CE(Â) were obtained with the short‐cut estimators based on the theory of regionalized variables, by Monte Carlo methods, and with regression of log CE on log m.


This paper reports a service quality application of the control chart procedure. A framework for the monitoring award of grades to students by the teaching staff in a large university is presented. The procedure signals the presence of special cause variations, if any, in the award of grades. Implementation of the grade monitoring framework saved considerable time and effort while ensuring that the reported special cause situations are justified. The mathematical derivations for the new control chart scheme are also presented.


The thermal stress in thin-walled cylinders of any cross section has been investigated for internal and external temperatures each varying in any manner round the circumference but not in the axial direction. The thickness also may vary round the circumference.A method is given for calculating the stress from given temperature distributions, whatever the shape of the cross section. The stress is evaluated for uniform, but different, inside and outside temperatures.The circular cylinder is treated in detail and the stress found for the general case of circumferential variation. It is shown that the maximum stress will depend only on the temperature distributions and the material, and not on the thickness or diameter of the cylinder.


When formaldehyde (HCHO) is used as a disinfectant in the presence of peptone the peptone and the bacteria compete for the HCHO1. An equilibrium distribution of the HCHO is reached only slowly. The state of combination of HCHO in the presence of 1 per cent peptone varies with its previous relationship to the peptone. If, in all states of combination with peptone, HCHO were fully available to act as a disinfectant peptone would neither retard nor reduce such action. Estimates of the proportions of HCHO in three different degrees of binding with peptone having been made we now enquired in which of these the HCHO remained bactericidal.


We proposed and experimentally demonstrated the generation of high-power 1176 nm Stokes wave by frequency shifting of a 885 nm diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG laser using a YVO4 crystal in a Z-shaped cavity configuration. Employing the 885 nm diode-side-pumped scheme and the Z-shaped cavity, for the first time to our knowledge, we realized the thermal management effectively, achieving excellent 1176 nm Stokes wave consequently. With an incident pump power of ~190.0 W, a maximum average output power of 16.7 W was obtained at the pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz. The pulse duration and spectrum linewidth of the Stokes wave at the maximum output power were 20.3 ns and ~0.08 nm, respectively.


The dynamics of small decoupled Ising clusters with Gaussian-distributed interactions is examined. The exactly solved case of 4-spin clusters shows many dynamic properties of spinglasses. With a smoothly increasing cluster size the nonequilibrium susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is in quantitative agreement with computer simulations of the Edwards-Anderson model of spin-glasses. A smooth change of the microscopic time constant gives a sharp peak in $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$. Our results support the dynamical nature of the spin-glass transition.


In light of the emergency department building design requirements of Shanyin county People's Hospital,combining with national construction policies and technological policies,the paper discusses the setting and technological standards of power distribution system,lighting distribution system,automatic fire alarm system and linkage control system and so on,which has certain guiding meaning for the electrical design similar of medical buildings in future.


The article shows the possibility of determining the characteristics of stretch deformation of knitted fabrics by optoelectronic processing of digital images using the developed software. The technique is applicable for knitted fabrics of sparse structures of any fibrous composition. The tests are carried out on a developed device that implements the possibility of spatial deformation of the samples. As a quantitative indicator of the change in the structure of the knitted fabric under tension, a coefficient, that characterises the change in the structure by increasing the through porosity of the fabric, is used. The stability of the structure of the knitted fabric is evaluated by an indicator that determines the recoverability of the loop structure after rest. The method was tested on linen knitted fabrics. The results of experimental studies should be used at the design stage of products to create knitted fabrics resistant to the action of operational loads.


Introduction. A synergetic approach to the study of the German-language text of agricultural advertising is used in the article. Purpose. Analyze the self-organization of German-language texts of agricultural advertising as a system and to identify the main theses of synergetics that relate to the creation of advertising as a type of text. Results. The study of the self-organization of linguistic objects is based on the synergetic paradigm, according to which the advertising text, as a linguistic system, is in a state of imbalance and is self-organizing by order parameters under the influence of attractors and repellers. The content of repellers is the language norms and other limitations of the system, while the attractors are the intentions of the author of the text and other extralinguistic factors. Thus, in the text, as a system that is self-organized, the author acts as a co-author of independently constructed systems of attractors and repellers, as well as conventional manifestations of the order parameter. The advertising text as a self-organized system has goals and limitations for its evolution. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the purpose of the advertising text and the author's assessment. To achieve these goals of the system, which are called the target attractor, a communicative process is organized: the author - the addressee. The goals, in turn, are specified in the choice of concept, language strategies, author's codes and style. The openness of the system of advertising texts is manifested in interaction with other systems of other branches of knowledge and is reflected in the use of such vocabulary as neologisms, abbreviations, internationalisms and stylistic means such as metaphor, repetition, epithets, hyperbole, rhyme, allusion and periphrasis. Found to с onceptospheres of the German-language text of agrarian advertising: genetics (Grune Gentechnik - genetic technologies in agriculture; Weise oder Graue Genetechnik - genetics in the food industry, Rote Gentechnik - genetic technologies in medicine), ecology (gewasserschonende Land- bewirtschaftung - care) ), digitization (Smart Farming - smart agriculture), agricultural production (Landnetz - innovation park for agriculture, DigiMilch - digitization of dairy production), selection (Sortenkarussell - variety of varieties). Originality. It consists in the application of a synergetic approach to the study of advertising texts as a system that self-organizes and the importance of processing the pragmastilistic properties of this type of text in order to study its evolution. Conclusion. The order parameter in the German-language text of agricultural advertising is division into theta and rheme, which provide the necessary form and rhythm of information presentation. Such polarization provides polarization of text and subtext in the texts of agricultural advertising, that is, a significant difference between the meanings of the text and subtext from the explicit messages in the text.


Taking the damage results from a previous paper as a guide, and using a tile model created for the STS-107 accident investigation, we used the SPHC hydrodynamic code to evaluate the probable worst-case impact effects of flat, rectangular, "flake-shaped," orbital debris particles on Space Shuttle thermal tiles. We compared the damage from flakes with that produced by spheres. The flakes and spheres were sized according to a "characteristic length" (Lc) derived from radar cross-section measurements, and embodied in the NASA Standard Breakup Model (SBM). Impacts were simulated at near-normal obliquity, at 12 km/sec. We modeled the worst-case flake orientation: a corner-on impact, an orientation we term a "Face A-B" impact. Results of our simulations indicate that flake impactors are less damaging than spheres of the same Lc. Since spherical impactors have been assumed in analyses of shuttle orbital debris impact risk, we find that these risks may have been overestimated. This work represents a preliminary second step, i.e., a follow-on to [1], in developing a sensitivity analysis for the expected range of effects on damage considering spherical vs. non-spherical impactors, as recommended by the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) report to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.


ABSTRACT Exploring effective interventions to compensate for developmental delay in premature neonates and reduce their mothers' anxiety is of great significance. This research aimed at examining the effects of body massage on Iranian premature neonates' physical and motor development, and on their mother's anxiety and attachment. Forty premature neonates and their mothers were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control or experimental groups. Results showed that the body massage lead to greater weight, motor development, and larger bicep and thigh circumference compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found in other parts of the neonates' bodies, nor were there differences in reflex status between the groups. Furthermore, the levels of mothers' attachment and their anxiety in the experimental group significantly increased and decreased, respectively. Therefore, massage therapy as a low-cost, non-medicinal treatment can be applied to improve neonates' physical and motor development and their mothers' psychological status.


This quiz book offers the reader clues to the answers to each question. The questions have been devised to appeal to the "cryptic" problem solver, and because the sections and questions themselves are witty and clever, reading the book is an informative experience. The emphasis is on recent film history, of the last 40 years, with special sections on all time classics such as "The Third Man", "The Wizard of Oz" and "Casablanca". Section headings include potatoes, condoms, bizarre deaths and James Bond films.


Evaluation of bread crumb texture plays an important role in judging bread quality. This paper discusses the application of image analysis methods to the objective measurement of the visual texture of bread crumb. The application of Fast Fourier Transform and mathematical morphology methods have been discussed by the authors in their previous work, and a commercial bread texture measurement system has been developed. Based on the nature of bread crumb texture, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, and a third method based on features derived directly from statistics of edge density in local windows of the bread image. The analysis of various methods and experimental results provides an insight into the characteristics of the bread texture image and interconnection between texture measurement algorithms. The usefulness of the application of general stochastic process modelling of texture is thus revealed; it leads to more reliable and accurate evaluation of bread crumb texture. During the development of these methods, we also gained useful insights into how subjective judges form opinions about bread visual texture. These are discussed here.


Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source results in depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Utilization of used cooking oil as an alternative fuel is one solution to overcome this problem. This study objective is to design a stove fueled by waste cooking oil and determine the optimum air flow rate and fuel flow rate in combustion. This study uses the used cooking oil as the main fuel, and diesel fuel as a mixture with a mixture of 100% used cooking oil, used cooking oil 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 to diesel fuel. Fuel valve opening variations used are ¼ open, ½ open, ¾ open, and fully open, while the variation in air flow rate used is 14.91; 19.24; 27.64; and 31.28 m/s. The fuel samples used were tested for the heating value, flash point and fire point, fuel density, and water fuel ratio (AFR) analysis and water boiling test (WBT). The results showed that used cooking oil had a heating value of 37,231.11 kJ/kg, flash point 289ºC, and fire point 305ºC. To achieve optimum AFR conditions (12-16:1) at a fuel flow rate of 2.5 mL/min (¾ valve open) and an airflow rate of 27.64 m/s, and WBT analysis with 221 mL fuel consumption requires a long time boiling water 16'23" minutes. Conversion of used cooking oil to kerosene fuel is 1 liter of used cooking oil equal to 0.3 liters of kerosene.


It is likely that the coming decade will see the development of a large visible light telescope with enabling technology for imaging exosolar Earthlike planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars. One such technology utilizes an external occulter, a satellite flying far from the telescope and employing a large screen, or starshade, to suppress the incoming starlight suffciently for detecting and characterizing exoplanets. This trades the added complexity of building the precisely shaped starshade and flying it in formation against simplifications in the telescope since extremely precise wavefront control is no longer necessary. In this paper we present the results of our project to design, manufacture, and measure a prototype occulter petal as part of NASA's first Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions program. We describe the mechanical design of the starshade and petal, the precision manufacturing tolerances, and the metrology approach. We demonstrate that the prototype petal meets the requirements and is consistent with a full-size occulter achieving better than 10-10 contrast.


This paper constructs a signal-based composite index, namely ESCORE, which captures the context of earnings management. Specifically, ESCORE aggregates 15 individual signals related to earnings management based on prior relevant literature. Empirical results using UK data shows that when ESCORE is higher, firms do manage earnings with greater magnitude and are more likely to be most aggressive, both in accruals and real earnings management. The study also finds that low ESCORE firms outperform those with high ESCORE by 1.37% per month after controlling for risk loadings on the market, size, book-to-market and momentum factors up to one year after portfolio formation.


Dentists and physicians who provide general anesthetic services for their patients often complain about the lack of knowledge and apparent indifference to anesthesia by general practicioners. General anesthesia is a complicated and responsible field. The opportunities for costly mistakes are greater than in any other field related to dentistry, and mistakes are often irremediable. For this reason, it behooves us to gain as much insight as we can into the problems of the anesthetist, to know why he deals in such meticulous detail with his patient, what he can do, and what he cannot do. Personal observation has convinced the authors that the administration of a general anesthetic is regarded as a casual procedure in many offices. It is believed that morbidity and mortality due to anesthesia can be appreciably reduced if knowledgeable caution is exercised in selection of patients for general anesthesia, and in the administration of the anesthetic. The purpose of this article is to detail the factors which are considered in one practice where general anesthesia is routinely administered to all patients. In order to present this material in a practical manner, a patient will be followed through the anesthetic routine, showing what precautions are taken, and why they are carried out. It should be noted that essentially the same program is adhered to for the hospitalized patient, and that dental anesthesia is no different than anesthesia employed for general surgical procedures. The patient's physiology and response to anesthesia is the same regardless of the operative procedure, varying only with such factors as age, general condition, mental attitude, weight, and drug allergy and idiosyncracy. At the initial examination appointment, a careful history is ellicited. This most important information is obtained by one of the doctors in a conversational manner, without the use of a standard list of questions. We do not entrust this process to a nurse, receptionist, or anyone other than the doctor who is to administer the anesthetic, for reasons which will become evident. Since many drugs, prescribed casually by the patient's physician can adversely affect the course of anesthesia, we are most interested in discovering current and recent medications. A short review of some of the nonanesthetic drugs which can alter the response to anesthesia should provide convincing


: In this paper, we establish the Fekete and Szegö inequality for a class of holomorphic mappings on the bounded starlike circular domain in C n , which is natural extension to higher dimensions of some classical Fekete and Szegö inequalities for various subclasses of the normalized univalent functions in the unit disk.


Three companies are benefitting from long-term partnerships with three different tooling suppliers: GPR is working with ITC; Complete Engineering Services has Ceratizit WNT in support; and Walker Precision Engineering and Seco Tools UK have signed a partnership agreement


Seldom has a European Union theme been given such priority as has enlargement in connection with the Danish Presidency. Since invitations were issued to all 10 EU applicants, it is fair enough to judge the Presidency as a success measured against its own yardstick (cf. the contributions of Friis and Miles in this symposium; also Miles, 2003). However, it is rarely if ever asked whether the Presidency was also a success for Denmark (not even within the country's own debate). It was, of course, a success in a PR sense, but was it also a success from a geopolitical perspective? EU enlargement is, inter alia, a matter of geopolitics. First, geographically contiguous territories are (normally) added to those of the existing Union. Over a relatively short time-span, Denmark has moved from a position of EU 'outpost' to a position at the Union's centre. Second, as more political units are integrated, each unit gets a smaller portion of the 'political pie' in terms of influence on common decisions. Let us see what these two developments are likely to imply for Denmark's EU profile and influence.1 Any implication analysis of this kind will necessarily be fairly sketchy, given that broad issues are covered within limited space and also that the Presidency is barely over at the time of writing. The analysis is also at the mercy of a wealth of unknown factors and coincidences in the political process, any of which may affect the outcome.


The invention a rotary piezoelectric power generation charger driven by wind force, belongs to the technical field of new energy, and relates to a rotary piezoelectric power generation charger driven by wind force. The rotary piezoelectric power generation charger is used for collecting wind energy in environments and converting the wind energy into electric energy. The rotary piezoelectric power generation charger comprises a rotary piezoelectric power generation assembly, an interface processing circuit and a rechargeable battery. Piezoelectric crystal layers and metal neutral layers of the rotary piezoelectric power generation assembly form piezoelectric double-crystal beams, and the piezoelectric double-crystal beams are distributed around a spindle to form a circumferential array and are fixed onto a body of a motor by the aid of fixtures. The interface processing circuit comprises a rectifier circuit, a voltage regulating circuit and a battery charging circuit. The rotary piezoelectric power generation charger has the advantages that the piezoelectric power generation charger is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost, and is clean and pollution-free; the quantity of peripheral electronic components required by the interface processing circuit is low, a design principle of low power consumption is met, and the interface processing circuit can be integrated easily, has an over-charge and over-discharge protection function and is high in stability; the piezoelectric power generation charger is applicable to low-speed wind energy and can be used with sensor nodes.


The relationship among extroversion, neuroticism and measures of Kuhl's concept of action control is investigated. Correlational analysis did not corroborate idea of the unitary nature of action control and substantiated our suspicion about discriminant validity of its measures with respect to temperament variables. Factor analysis of temperament and action control variables produced a strong general factor, interpreted as failure-and-decision-related action orientation, based on lower negative emotionality and increased positive one. The findings supported our initial claim for necessity of more comprehensive consideration of the role of emotionality in conceptualization and operationalization of volitional personality traits.


An earlier investigation had shown that helminthosporal, the toxin isolated from growths of Helminthosporium sativum, does not exist as such in the culture, but is formed from a precursor on subseq...


Flood loss modelling is associated with considerable uncertainty. If prediction uncertainty of flood loss models is large, the reliability of model outcomes is questionable, and thus challenges the practical usefulness. A key problem in flood loss estimation is the transfer of models to geographical regions and to flood events that may differ from the ones used for model development. Variations in local characteristics and continuous system changes require regional adjustments and continuous updating with current evidence. However, acquiring data on damage influencing factors is usually very costly. Therefore, it is of relevance to assess the value of additional data in terms of model performance improvement. We use empirical flood loss data on direct damage to residential buildings available from computer aided telephone interviews that were compiled after major floods in Germany. This unique data base allows us to trace the changes in predictive model performance by incrementally extending the data base used to derive flood loss models. Two models are considered: a uni-variable stage damage function and RF-FLEMO, a multi-variable probabilistic model approach using Random Forests. Additional data are useful to improve model predictive performance and increase model reliability, however the gains also seem to depend on the model approach.


In this paper I argue that forecasting presents us with a paradox. Our ability to make reasonable and accurate medium to long term social and technological forecasts is demonstrably dismal. The gap between what actually happens and what was predicted is usually huge. Promoters and technological forecasters continue to provide us with wide varieties of technological futures. The paper introduces a tentative typology of technology futures as a framework for empirical work on failed technology futures. Sociological, psychological and historical explanations are considered for the forecasting paradox. But primarily I argue this is an ethical question. Forecasting is akin to promising and it is in this light it ought to be assessed. Forecasters are accountable for their forecasts in the same way I may be held accountable for my promises.


This study aims to determine of democratic parenting relationship between language skills in children TK'Aisyiyah Gonilan Kartasura Sukoharjo in the academic year 2014/2015. This research is quantitative descriptive. Population of this research are  children in kindergarden 'Aisyiyah Gonilan Kartasura with a total of 100 children. The samples of population are in this study 30 students group B TK 'Aisyiyah Gonilan. The sampling used in this study is clusterrandom sampling. Methods of data collection is a questionnaire sheet premises. The data are taken  the primary data for parenting pattern by  parents and secondary data for childern language ability. The analysis technique used is a product moment correlation technique. Results of the data analysis is  r hitung 0682 r tabel 0,349   with significant value 0,000 whereas this value is smaller than the significance level of 0.01. Based on the results of  data  study concluded that democratic parenting can improve language skills of kindergarden B TK 'Aisyiyah Gonilan Kartasura Sukoharjo academic year 2014/2015.


A variational land data assimilation system is used to estimate latent heat flux and surface control on evaporation. The dynamic equation for surface temperature with energy balance is used as a constraint on the estimation using the adjoint technique. Measurements of land surface temperature from satellite remote sensing are assimilated over two subregions within the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology field experiment. The performance of the estimation is linked to the timing of the satellite overpass. During days when the measurements close to the time of peak ground temperature are available, the estimation is adequate. The approach shows that satellite remote sensing of land temperature may be used to provide estimates of components of the surface energy balance and land surface control on evaporation. The latter parameter is related to surface soil moisture, and here they are compared with independent values derived from ground measurements.


The book provides an in-depth study of present state and future of Mobile IP, a concept and protocol that is a candidate building block of future IP-based mobility-enabled networks. This book is unique in that it provides an analysis of different aspects that need to be accounted for when considering Mobile IP. The reader will learn from the book the functions required to support mobility, and which of these can be achieved with Mobile IP and which have to be provided by other means. The author addresses numerous dependencies between Mobile IP and other protocol architectures that need to be in place, and provides guidance on how to tackle interworking. This is particularly important since individual solutions usually address the single problems for which they are devised. Building a complete system appears both difficult and challenging.


This article elaborates how to use the close relation between the law science knowledge and the social realistic situation,to carry out in the teaching,in view of the curriculum different content,on" the case teaching";" micro standard teaching";" application society practice teaching",enhancing the students' study interest and the studying ability,so as to achieve the law curriculum teaching goal better.


108 pages. Presented to the Department of History and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts May 2018


The paper analyzes some factors influencing tariff policy formation in electric power industry as well as social and economic consequences of its realization. The paper shows the main concern of tariff policy; basic areas where it is necessary to consider price variation for electric power; development of region economy and country as a whole depending on change of prices for electric power; the system of measures which could be a "buffer" for tariff increase has been worked out.


The invention discloses an injection moulding device, an injection moulding method and a prepared circular ring plastic product. The injection moulding device comprises a die body and a plurality of runners, wherein a circular ring die cavity corresponding to the circular ring plastic product to be prepared is formed in the die body; a plurality of gates are uniformly distributed on the top side of the circular ring die cavity in the peripheral direction of the circular ring die cavity; and the runners are respectively communicated with the gates on the die body. The injection moulding device improves the roundness, even the planeness, of the product by utilizing the design of the plurality of gates on the top surface and reduces deformation of the product.


This paper focuses on variation in engine parameter due to addition on Helmholtz chamber. The Helmholtz chamber uses the pressure pulse to resonate back to manifold allowing the air fuel change in manifold to be trapped inside the cylinder itself allowing to achieve the ram air effect which leads for engine to attain higher compression ratio and hence leads to increasing the torque and also a slight increment in fuel efficiency this provides the vehicle to be more economical


The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) must process millions of claims for disability benefits each year. The statutory definition of disability looks at the expectation of gainful employment in the presence of severe impairment. A key component of this is a person's functional ability -- both physical and mental -- to work. SSA summarizes a claimant's functional ability in both checkboxes and free text within the Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) Assessment forms. Until recently, these were paper forms that were stored as images in SSA's databases. In order to access the data in these forms for comparison to other measures of function and to assist in SSA's business practices, it is necessary to have a way to automatically extract the data captured in these forms. However, there is a lot of variability across RFC forms that available software could not capture. Therefore, we designed a new system that relied on basic computer vision processes, novel form templates based on the checkbox grid, or row-column, structure, and optical character recognition to convert the images to text in order to extract all data related to function. The robustness of this method comes from the templates and the use of the grid structure rather than checkbox location.


The role of platelet transfusions in management of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains controversial. Current guidelines recommend that platelet transfusions in ITP be reserved for catastrophic hemorrhage or invasive surgical procedures. This study assesses the nationwide platelet transfusion practices in hospitalized children and adults with ITP.


Abstract Applying the concept of a "natural history" to hereditary colorectal cancer is an interesting exercise because the way the syndromes are approached has changed so drastically. However, the exercise is instructive as it forces us to think in depth about where we are, where we have been, and, most helpfully, about where we may be going. In this article the diagnosis, along with endoscopic and surgical management of hereditary colorectal cancer are discussed in the context of their history and the changes in genomics and technology that have occurred over the last one hundred years.


Background Intestinal parasites are a major source of health problems in developing countries, where socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions contribute in maintaining the biological cycles of various parasites and facilitating their spread. The objective of this study, conducted in Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, was to investigate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in riverside communities in the South Pantanal wetlands and conduct educational interventions focused on health and environmental preservation. Method In total, 196 stool samples were tested for parasites using the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique and spontaneous sedimentation and educational activities were carried out. Results Enteroparasite prevalence was 72% (65.6–78.2%; 95% CI). Of the 141 positive cases, monoparasitism was found in 34.7%, biparasitism in 23%, and polyparasitism in 14.3%. Entamoeba coli was the most frequent protozoan (70.2%). Among helminths, hookworms were the most prevalent. Enteroparasitosis prevalence did not differ for sex or place of abode but proved higher in individuals older than 10 years. Conclusion The high positivity rate for enteroparasites found for the communities stems from lack of sanitation and poor personal and environmental hygiene habits, indicating that effective health policies and educational interventions are needed to reduce the current risk levels.


This study explores the phenomenon of interpersonal violence associated with alcohol abuse and sorority membership at a midsized state university in the West. Using Millennial theory as the conceptual framework, 180 reflection papers from women in two sororities were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to determine how they applied harm reduction education and participated in social activities when consuming alcohol. The results indicate little harm reduction application among the cohort, reproduced bystander behavior norms, how organizational challenges contribute to injury, and alcohol consumption promoted heavily as a benefit of membership. The study suggests implications for further research and practice.


modulus of elasticity, slab thickness, and temperature gradients are explored. The aircraft load stresses are evaluated using the finite element programme ANSYS version, which models the slab as a 3-D element with an 8-noded-solid 185 element type. The above-mentioned pavement models' modal and dynamic (transient) analyses were performed for different take-off speeds, and a comparison is conducted for the present standard strength and high strength concrete types. Miner's rule and the Rainflow counting technique are used to estimate the fatigue life based on the findings of the transient analysis. The fatigue life for high-strength concrete is found to be 50% more. The fatigue life is 36% higher for the A-380 load, indicating that a material's fatigue property is entirely determined by its load frequency rather than its magnitude.


Empirical evidence indicates that termination fees in merger agreements discourage competition from higher-valuing bidders but do not necessarily harm target shareholders' returns. We present a signaling theory that explains these findings by treating the presence of a termination fee as a signal of the acquirer's high valuation of the target; this, in turn, discourages potential bidders from competing and thereby saves bidding costs which are shared between the merger parties. The credibility of termination fees as signals is derived from the information asymmetry between the target and the acquirer regarding the acquirer's valuation of the target.


Rising up in recent decades, biomedical engineering (BME) is a new interdisciplinary subject.This paper demonstrates the status and the importance of BME in hospital,and puts forward the problems faced by clinical engineering, then proposes the corresponding methods and innovative suggestions to solve the problems.


The following report outlines the activities and funding of academic law libraries in the UK and Ireland in the academic year 2001/2002. The figures have been taken from the results of a postal questionnaire undertaken by Information Services staff at Cardiff University on behalf of the Society of Legal Scholars (SLS).


The emerging real-time applications in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) puts more and more strict requirements on extremely low latency communications. In these real-time applications, the duration of codeword transmission cannot be ignored and may cause significant performance loss. To overcome this, task-oriented source coding which integrates the design of source coding and real-time applications may greatly reduce the latency-induced performance loss. In contrast to the traditional source coding that only focuses on the minimization of average codeword length, task-oriented source coding aims at minimizing the cumulative cost in real-time tasks by jointly optimizing source coding and real-time decision making. In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for task-oriented source coding in extremely low latency communications, in which the codeword lengths of all realizations are optimized for minimization of latency-induced cost. To demonstrate the potential of our proposed framework, two specific scenarios of real-time monitoring and real-time control are induced, respectively. In these scenarios, the closed expression of the optimal codeword lengths is derived. Based on this, the performance analysis on minimization of latency-induced cost is further presented. Finally, the simulation results show that the source codebook derived under our proposed framework achieves a significant performance gain in real-time tasks, compared with traditional Huffman coding.


Understanding the patterns and relationship of coral larval supply and juveniles are crucial in enhancing reef biodiversity, recovery and resilience in response to disturbances. The objective of this study is to compare diversity and abundance of juvenile coral colonies on natural substrates and recovery trends in Mu Ko Surin and Mu Ko Phi Phi in the Andaman Sea. Results showed that the highest density of coral recruits was found at Ao Suthep (Mu Ko Surin) while the lowest density was at Ao Loh Samah (Mu Ko Phi Phi). Among study sites, Ao Suthep had the most diverse coral (at the genus level) while Ao Loh Samah had the least. Generally, Fungia was the dominant coral recruit at Mu Ko Surin while Porites was the dominant juvenile coral at Mu Ko Phi Phi. Species composition of coral recruits was significantly different between Mu Ko Surin and Mu Ko Phi Phi. Coral recruits and percentages of live coral cover were positively correlated (r=0.25, p<0.01) in all sites. This suggests that coral recovery following the bleaching events at Mu Ko Phi Phi would require a longer period of time


Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive T cell lymphoma. To find a novel therapeutic target for aggressive ALK-negative ALCL, we studied two ALK-negative CD30-positive ALCL cell lines, N1 and N2, which were previously reported. In vitro culture, N1 and N2 represent early and advanced stage lymphoma phenotype, respectively. Increased tumorigenicity of N2 was confirmed by its xenotransplantability in SCID mice, whereas N1 was not transplantable either in SCID or in NOD/SCID mice. Subcutaneous tumors formed in the flank of SCID mice inoculated with N2 consisted of large basophilic lymphoma cells with prominent nucleoli, strongly positive for CD2 and CD30. Subcutaneous tumor showed TCR γ rearrangement identical with those in N2, and expressed aberrant CD30 protein with molecular weight 100 Kd, which was expressed only in N2, but not in N1. Those suggested subcutaneous tumors had characteristics of advanced stage ALCL. We hypothesized that constitutively activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a therapeutic target in advanced stage ALK-negative ALCL, because, (1) JNKs were highly phosphorylated in N2 compared to in N1 studied by immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies against JNKs (N1=1.2±0.1 and N2=2.9±0.3, p=0.01, signal intensity); (2)specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125(SP) significantly inhibited cell growth of N2 compared to those of N1in culture for three days(N1=95±1.8 and N2=58±1.6 at 5μM SP, p In vivo model, intraperitoneal injection of SP (30mg/weight) alternate days for 22days significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors (DMSO=1.4±0.5 and SP=0.2±0.1, p L expression. No change was found in CD30 protein expression. Taken together, the present study showed that aberrantly activated JNK(s) is a therapeutic target in some types of advanced stage ALK-negative ALCL, although details of signaling pathways triggered by JNK(s) in ALCL cells remained to be elucidated.


Bispectra is widely used in the target recognition based on high resolution range profile (HRRP), but now using features generated from bispectra often need much storage and computation. In this paper, the low frequency part of bispectra is taken as the feature, then time domain processing and frequency domain processing are used to make the feature is more robust to the dimension change. Similarly the method is used to decrease the dimension of integrated bispectra, good result is obtained too. Experiments based on the measured data testified the efficiency of the proposed method


Actinomycin shows four effects on the synthesis and turnover of RNA in mammalian cells: in inhibits the synthesis of cellular RNA, it influences the base composition of newly synthesized RNA, it induces the degradation of a certain fraction of preformed RNA and it prevents the turnover of RNA synthesized in the presence of actinomycin. The first three activities are dose dependent. Synthesis of ribosomal RNA is inhibited by very low concentrations of actinomycin (0,005 μg/ml) whereby synthesis of messenger RNA continues.


Fluid properties, the boundary layer module, and regenerative cooling are discussed. Chemistry, low density flow effects, test cases, input and output for TDK, and documentation are also discussed.


Risk assessment is an effective scientific tool which enables to quantify the human health impacts due to exposure to centaminated water. This paper aims at presenting an integrated approach for the health risk assessment of subsurface contarnination by benzene Ieached '['rorn a landfill in the Netherlands and at demonstrating the effect of hydrogeological conditions such as the hydraulic onductivity distributien, the recharge rate and the first-order deg adation rate constant on the outcomes of health risk analysis 1inked with particle tracking random walk approach undet some contamination scenarios. The results demonstrate that hydrogeologica] conditions, especiaUy the degradation rate, affect the cumulative mass of benzene in a eertain plane or at an exposure point in the fielcl of concern. The 5Oth fractiles are utilized as a measure of the carcinegenic i'isk evelutten under the transient cenditjon of the exposure duratien. It is revealed that the probability distributions of the health risk vary with the cerresponding hydrogeological conditioll and expesure duration because of the relatjon between the discharge rates of gToundwater and the total mass of particles fiowing into the exposure point, leading to the difference of a time series of the health risk variation. Moreover, the exceedance probability of the acceptable risk o'f 1O-6 are estimated in the range of O% to approximate]y 71% fOr all available cases, whereas mest cases slightly exceed the acceptable risk in the exposure duration of 50 or 70 years. In the current design scenarios, there may be low health risks exposed to a benzene-contaminated water to a hypothetical population living in the neighbothood of the landi'ill. Koj,worzlS:Health risk assessment; Exposure Ilarticle tracking izindom walk;Lancijill; Benzene; Flrst-onierreaction rate; 1 lntroduction Contamination of groundwater resources has been one of the major environmental eoncerns during the past few decades due to concerns on public health. The cornmunity surrounding a contaminated site includes the people who live close to the site, local business owners, elected ocacials, local government agency representatives, workers at the site and other who live fairther from the site (National Research Council, 2004), Management of contaminated groundwater resources has been a dirncult challefige because of the limited resources that can be eorrmiitted to remediate a 1arge number of contaminated sites. In order to rationalize the allocation of these limjted resources, health risk assessment has been adopted as a management framework to screen and prioritize remediation of contaminated sites (Lester t al. , 2007). The risk-based management approach was othcially born in the early 1990s and advocated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) through its guidelines for riskbased cleanup levels (US ERA, 1989, 2005), suggesting an integral component of subsurface contamination control and management. Risk assessment has been used to quantify the human health impacts due to exposure to contaminated waIAssistant Professer, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-I Rokl[odai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-g501, Japan <CorrespondingAllthor)E-imail:email@example.com 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Gcosciences, Delft University of lbchnology. Stevinweg 1 , Delft 2628CN, The Netherlands 3Ass"ciate ProfessoT, Graduate Sehool of Agricultural Science, Kyoto Universjty, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 4Professor. Graduate School of Agricultural Scienee, Ktibe Vniversity, 1-1 Roklcodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8SOI, Japam ter via multiple exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact (Pelmulder t al., 1996; Kentel and Aral, 2004). Serious contamination that can cause harm to human health is frem leaking undenground storage tanks at gasoline stations, fuel tank depots and hazardous waste disposal sites. One of the goals of enviTonmental or health risk assessment is to estimate the severity and 1ikelihood of ham to human health from exposure to a subsuiface or activity under plausiblecireumstances. The risk is usually defined to be the increased probal]ility of population acquiring an adverse health effect such as cancer ever lifetime as a result of the exposure to contaminant of interest (Maxwell et al. , 1998). Substantial research work has been peiifbrmed to develop a risk assessment framework linked with a solute transport model in regional scale aquifer management problems (Maxwell et aL, 1999; Maqsood et al., 2005). The motjyation of this study is the fact that very few studies relevant to health risk assessment in a practical site have been performed, whereas rnost of the previous risk assessment studies were focused on a hypothetical aquifer (Zhao and Kaluarachehi, 2002; Inoue et al., 2009). This paper addresses an integrated methodology linking with groundwater contaminant transport and human exposure in a landfill site in the Netherlands. The contaminant of concern is benzene, one of the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, which has been reported its Ieakage from the landfi]1 of interest. The methodology includes a numerical solute transport mode] using panicle tracking random walk with a first-order degradation and a probabilistic health risk with the variability of population characteristics. An idealized JOURNAL OF RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMSAIOL,16 NO.2 201t A II-Electronic Mbrary Japan Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (JRCSA) NII-Electronic Library Service apanRainwater atchment ystems s ociat on { CSA) groundwater contamination problem is then analyzed and insights regarding different contamination scenarios are described. 2 Field site description 2.1 Banisveld landfill Landfi11s are an important group of groundwater contaminating sites. Leachate from most household refuse landfi11s contains various organic contaminants, but individual concentrations are generally modest when compared to polluted sites like petroleum hydrocatbon or chlorinated solvent spills (National Research Council, 2004). The Banisveld landfi11 having a p]ane area of about 6 × 104 m2 is situated about 5 km southwest of Boxtel in the province of Nord Brabant, the Netherlands as shown in Figure 1. The lithology of the phreatic aquifer consists of a 7-9 m thick layer of fine to coarse-grained unconsolidated clayey sands. The fluvio-eolian sediments of Pleistocene age are deposited under periglacial conditions (van Breukelen, 2003). Disposal of primarily household refuse occurred in a former 6-m-deep sand pit between 196S and 1977, whi]e chemical waste may have been dumped illegally. Artificial or natural liners are absent, while most ofthe waste is present below the groundwater table, which lies approximately less than 2 m below surface (van Breukelen et al., 2004a). Therefore, some orgariic contaminants such as benzene and naphthalene in the leachate from the landfill were observed in the whole downstream area of the landfi11 jn the period 1998 to 2002 (van Breukelen, 2003), suggesting that a Ieakage event from the landfill has been lasting since the operation of the landfi11. Even if for a lamdfi11 site, which seems to have a relatively smal1 effect on human health, assessing how benzene plume in leachate affects health risk is highly significant and serves as a stepping stone to funher application of findings to a site-specific problem, especially ill the framework of environmental or health risk assessment. Europc f.'111il"11・i,1i.,t.. t ttt../1/.. t ttttttt ttt tt tt//tt/ tt t /tt t.11i}{i///lvilil;1aj1・-1 Figure 1: Location of the study area in the Netherlands.


Lambs were inoculated with a single dose of Cooperia curticei. Subcutaneous administration of ivermectin at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight resulted in 61.1% and 90.4% anthelmintic efficacy, when measured at 7 and 14 days after treatment, respectively. In the treatment groups, parasites that remained were located more distally in the small intestine than those in the lambs in the control groups.


In this paper, the problem of finite-time stability (FTS) of linear time-varying continuous system with time-delay is investigated. A sufficient condition is proposed for FTS of linear time-delay system in terms of differential linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In order to solve the continuous-time differential LMI within a finite-time interval, a new method is given based on the discretized Lyapunov function technology, which is less conservative than discretizing the time interval approach. Numerical example illustrates the solvability of the given result.


Abstract : Attrition happens when the service makes a bad match and a person they have invested in leaves the military prematurely for civilian life. Unfortunately, this poor selection is made about 15 percent of the time. Attrition also happens when those who fall below standards are not rehabilitated or airmen separate for miscellaneous reasons on their terms; this loss takes another 20 percent out of the force. Attrition exacts both a human and monetary bill that we can not afford to keep paying. I contend that attrition is predictable, preventable and alterable; this report will point the way. First, I have isolated a set of characteristics proven to be related to attrition to screen potential recruits. Secondly, I assert that separation instructions are too permissive in nature and do not give the commander enough latitude to rehabilitate or retain members. Finally, I explore whether problems with the recruiting system aggravate attrition and if addressed, will lower the rate. The USAF does not have an attrition reduction plan; targets are set each year but there is no time phased coordinated plan for lowering attrition. I have built a plan for FY 2000 that would give an Attrition Tiger Team a place to start. The Air Force is not a victim of attrition: we have created the problem and we can fix it.


The present invention relates to a head having an opening for taking out the broken tip of the retention system. Specifically, the cutting tool assembly comprising a bit holder, said bit holder has a forward portion, a rearward portion and a flat mounting surface generally between the forward portion and rearward portion. Defining a forward portion having a front mounting surface aperture is inclined with respect to the axis, and the rearward portion defining a front aperture through hole. Cutting head mounting holes in the front, rear and comprises a rear end portion can pass through the aperture rearwardly of the bit holder and out.


Research on human-robot interaction has recently been getting an increasing amount of attention. In the research field of human-robot interaction, speech signal processing in particular is the source of much interest. In this paper, we present experiment of speaker localization using a microphone array and an ITD (Interaural Time Difference) method which finds the sound source by phase shift of two signals. Band pass filters are designed to get vowel fundamental frequencies. Phase sensitive detectors are applied to measure the phase differences of voice signal of different microphones. All circuits are constructed by FPAA (field programmable analog array). The proposed system can output speaker location in real-time with low power.


The complex functions of the mammalian cerebral cor- tex have been organized during evolution by distributing different functional specialities among anatomically dis- tinct areas, Within a given species, the map of areas is al- most identical from one individual to another, and even across species there are consistencies. For example, areas devoted to vision are posterior in the cortex, whereas ar- eas concerned with controlling body movement are ante- rior. The cortex is also patterned in another way neurons are packed into layers and have different morphologies and synaptic connections according to their layer. Again, general principles apply across species - for example, only primary sensory areas have a densely packed 'gran- ular' layer 4, which receives sensory input relayed by the thalamus. How is this complex patterning of the cortex set up in the developing animal? Several recent studies have moved us closer to answering the crucial prelimi- nary question - when in development is each form of patterning determined? During development, neurons are generated by precur- sor cells on the lower surface of the cortical anlage, in the ventricular zone (VZ). Post-mitotic neurons migrate across the intermediate zone (IZ), moving upwards to form the cortical plate (CP) (Fig. 1). Within the CP, the lower layers of cortex form first and subsequently gen- erated cells push past these to form the upper layers. At the earliest, the area or laminar fate of a neuron could be determined in the ~2; at the latest, not until the neuron is part of a well-developed CP, just before distinct cell layers and areas appear.


27 Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) affects over 600,000 individuals annually in the United States and is 28 associated with substantial mortality. After resuscitation, multi-system organ damage is common and 29 largely attributable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The anti-diabetic drug metformin improves cardiac 30 outcomes in models of myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion. In this study, we evaluated the 31 role of metformin pretreatment in a mouse model of SCA. We found that two weeks of metformin 32 pretreatment protects cardiac ejection fraction and reduces acute kidney injury post-SCA in non-diabetic 33 mice. Further, metformin pretreatment prior to SCA activates AMPK signaling and is associated with 34 altered mitochondrial dynamics and markers of autophagy following arrest. Direct AMPK activation and 35 inhibition studies demonstrate that activation is necessary and sufficient for metformin-mediated 36 protection of cardiac and renal tissues in this model. We were unable to demonstrate cardiac protection 37 with a single-dose metformin rescue therapy. Importantly, these findings translate into patients. We 38 retrospectively evaluated the extent of cardiac and kidney damage in diabetic patients resuscitated from 39 SCA. Metformin-treated patients have less evidence of heart and kidney damage after arrest than 40 diabetics who have not received metformin. Together, these data support AMPK activation as a 41 preventive mechanism in ischemia-reperfusion injury. 42


Two experiments were carried out at the Soil Science Department of the Federal University of Lavras (MG), to assess the tolerance to heavy metals "in vitro" of inoculant strains (I), and isolates from both heavy metals contaminated soil (ICS) and uncontaminated soil (IUS) of Bradyrhizobium from Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Acacia mangium and of Azorhizobium from Sesbania virgata. In the first experiment ten strains and, or, isolates of each plant species, were tested in YMA media modified by addition of biological buffers (HEPES and MES), supplied with different concentrations of Cu, Cd and Zn. Copper and Cd were tested at concentrations from 0 to 40 mg L-1 for both genera, whereas Zn varied from 0 to 1.000 mg L-1 for Bradyrhizobium and from 0 to 500 mg L-1 for Azorhizobium. Growth at the different metal concentrations was evaluated with attribution of values to patterns observed (0 to 5). The ICS of both genera were more tolerant but Zn tolerance to Bradyrhizobium (800 mg L-1) and Cu (40 mg L-1) was, respectively, two and eight times higher than that of Azorhizobium. In the second experiment, strains and isolates tolerant (T), sensitive (S) and medium tolerant (MT) to metals selected in modified YMA media, were studied in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of Cu (0 to 0.01 mg L-1) Cd and Zn (0 to 1.0 mg L-1). The evaluation of the number of viable cells in metallic solutions was accomplished by counting colony forming units at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation, by the method of successive dilutions and inoculation in YMA. Although the metal solutions have been more selective than modified YMA media, the two methods showed that: (1) Azorhizobium was more sensitive than Bradyrhizobium, (2) ICS of both genera were more tolerant than IUS and (3) the order of toxicity of heavy metals was Cu > Cd > Zn.


This is a translated and revised version of the book that was edited by the journalist Dai Qing (Enlightenment Daily) and published in early 1989. This book, in addition to protests from the National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), influenced the then Vice-Premier Yao Yilin to announce the postponement of the Three Gorges dam project. Nevertheless, due to the colder political climate after the quelling of the student demonstrations later that year, and strong support at the center for the project, the planning for the project continued. In April 1992, the decision to construct the dam was passed by the NPC, after more than 30 years of debate. (The history of the project is actually even longer, as it was first suggested by Sun Yat-sen in the 1920s.)~ Part one of the book, &dquo;Banned in China&dquo;, concerns the issue of censorship and the events which unfolded after the publication of the critics' negative views of the project. Dai Qing writes that Yangtze! Yangtze! consists of articles that initially no one dared publish. The material was then published in book form by Guizhou People's Publishing House in the course of only a few months. Part one also describes the period after the 1989 June crackdown, when the book was banned. Leaders who had previously been very cautious, now became more positive towards the project, and some people tried to put political labels on those holding opposing views (such as &dquo;Only the June Fourth 1989 elites in exile oppose the project&dquo;, implying that opposition was considered counter-revolutionary). Part one makes clear how politically sensitive the Three Gorges project has been and still is.


Poultry farming can play a major role to mitigate the challenges of nutritional security, poverty alleviation, women empowerment, employment generation, improvement in living standard of farmers etc. The acute shortage of animal protein supply in developing countries justifies such research into the potentials of some locally cultivated feed resources as leaf meals which could be included into the poultry ration in order to sustain the enterprises and to improve the profit margin of farmers through reducing the use of the conventional protein sources (Atawodi et al., 2008). Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) could be used as alternative feed resource in poultry ration in the tropics (Agbede, 2003). Moringa plant named as miracle tree has been reported to have many medicinal properties such as hypocholesterolemic properties, rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, antioxidant activity (Moyo et al., 2012; Daba, 2016). Now a days people are more aware about the quality products and protein source is one of the essential components of diet which affect the overall International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-7 pp. 1213-1220 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Quantum effects of light wave mode was studied use of restrictions condition of light wave in 1-D cylindrical anisotropic photonic crystal.The bandgap characters of TE wave and TM wave were calculated.New bandgap structure of 1-D cylindrical anisotropic photonic crystal were obtained.The results indicated that the bandgap frequency center and transmission angle of the structure increases with increasing quantum number.The bandgap frequency center of the same pattern decreases with increasing cylinder radius.


In this paper, development of AC servo motor driver is explained in detail. To make robot hand in a compact form , the driver should be compact and small. To pinch an object or to touch some objects, the driver should have torque control mode and speed control mode. And the two modes should show smooth motion in changing control modes. The dimension of developed driver is 22㎜ × 32㎜, and its weight is 1ess than 5.6 grams. For its small . form factors, it can be installed in robot palm or robot finger. It will be used in dextrous robot hand.


This poetic-prose piece is my personal ethnic educational history. It challenges the misconception that Cuban students (so-called voluntary minorities) are not oppressed, especially not by their Cuban teachers, and that they thus achieve more academic success than other Latinos. Some may be hiding. Perhaps this work will help to find them.


We present an analysis of nonlinear vibration of simply supported rectangular plates with a point support. Linear free vibrations of a point-supported plate are solved by the Ritz method with Lagrange multipliers prior to the nonlinear analysis. A stress function is introduced to describe governing equations for nonlinear vibration of the plates. Eigenfunctions for the linear free vibration are used to express out-of-plane displacements, approximately, in the nonlinear analysis of the point-supported plate. Applying the Galerkin method to the governing equations, a nonlinear equation for the time function of the out-of-plane displacement is derived. Periods of vibration are calculated using the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. Period-amplitude curves are shown for several positions of the point support and the effects of the position of the point support are studied.


Nonlinear convex cone programs (NCCP) are important problems with many practical applications, but these problems are hard to solve by using existing methods. This paper introduces a flexible first-order primal-dual augmented Lagrangian decomposition algorithm Varying Auxiliary Problem Principle (VAPP) for solving NCCP (objective or constraints are nonseparable, nonsmooth possible). The iterative scheme of VAPP embeds linearization and regularization into each iteration of the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM). In each iteration, a nonlinear approximation, which incorporates linearization and a variable Bregman-like function (or auxiliary core function), is used to approximate the primal problem of augmented Lagrangian method. In this way, the primal problem can be decomposed into smaller subproblems, each of which has a closed-form solution or an easily approximated solution. Moreover, these subproblems can be solved in a parallel way. This paper proves convergence and an $O(1/t)$ convergence rate in average for the primal suboptimality, feasibility and dual suboptimality. Moreover, a backtracking scheme is discussed to treat the case where the Lipschitz constants are not known or computable.


Thermo-elastic damping of circular ring gyro with random point masses is investigated using in-extensional vibration of the ring model. Also, heat conduction equation is included to study the damping effects of the model. To determine the natural frequency of the structure, Rayleigh-Ritz method is adopted to consider the effect of concentrated point masses. Finally, the trends of Quality factor (Q-factor) variation are examined for the various irregularity of point masses distribution.


This paper discusses the use of Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) packages and flip chip MMICs designed for automated assembly and test in T/R module applications. The reduction of the number of components, elimination of assembly steps, and the automated assembly and test of T/R modules that is thus achieved is also discussed. The use of multi-layer LTCC allows dense packaging. DC lines can be routed on multiple layers, and different types of RF configurations ¿ microstrip, stripline, and coplanar waveguide (CPW) ¿ can be realized on the same substrate. RF cross-overs with high isolation between lines can be achieved by means of buried transmission lines and ground planes. The substrate can be fabricated to be used in a conventional metal housing, or the substrate can be fabricated to function as both the substrate and housing at the same time. With the latter method, walls are built up using the ceramic tape. These walls can also contain circuitry, allowing for higher packaging density. Flipped GaAs chips utilizing CPW structures eliminate costly backside processing of MMIC wafers. Flip chips used in T/R modules are thicker than conventional chips, 25 mils vs. 4 mils, thus providing a much more robust chip for handling by high speed automated assembly equipment. The use of flip chips simplifies the assembly procedure by eliminating wire bonds, since the solder attachment of the flip chip to the substrate serves as both die attach and interconnect.


A survey of 129 farmers from 9 villages in Theog Rohru and Tikka blocks of Shimla district showed direct relationship of farm size with investment of fixed capital, being Rs 3889/- on marginal farm and Rs 94947/- on large farm. Analysis of technology adoption indicated that maximum technology adoption was in fertilizer use (57.23%) followed by seed (55.52%) and plant protection (46.51%) which revealed scope for transfer and subsequent adoption of these technologies. In the study area, the farmers earned net return of Rs. 7.940/ha while not considering the imputed value of family labour and output input ratio was 1 22 during 1998-99. The major constraints identified for low yield of potato were unavailbility of good quaility and quantity of healthy seed lack of knowleged about the fertilizer and plant protection technologies.


To  help  keep  your  eyes  comfortable  and  your  vision  optimal,  a  normal,  thin  film  of  tears  coats  your  eyes.  Three  main  layers  make  up  this  tear  film: The  innermost  layer  is  th e thinnest . It  is  a  layer  of  mucin  (or  mucus )  layer  of  mucus  is  produced  by  the  cells  in  the  conjunctiva  (The  mucus  helps  the overlying  watery  layer  to  spread  evenly  over  the  eye . The  middle  (or  aqueous)  layer  is the  largest  and  the  thickest . This  layer  is  essentially  a  very  dilute  saltwater  solution.  The lacrimal  glands  under  the  upper lids  and  the  accessory  tear  glands  produce  this  watery  layer.  This  layer's  function  is  to  keep  the  eye  moist  and  comfortable,  as  well  as  to  help flush  out  any  dust , debris,  or  foreign  objects  that  may  get  into  the  eye.  The  most  superficial  layer  is  a  very  thin  layer  of  lipids (fats  or  oils).  These  lipids  are  produced  by  the  Meibomian  glands  and  the  glands  of  Zeis (oil  glands  in  the  eyelids).  The  main  function  of  this  lipid  layer  is  to  help  decrease evaporation  of  the  watery  layer  beneath  it.  Dry  eye  syndrome  (DES)  is  a  common disorder  of  the  tear  film , affecting  a  significant  percentage  of  the  population , especially those  older  than  40  years  of  age.  DES  can  affect  any  race  and  is  more  common  in  women  than  in  men.  Dry Eye Syndrome is more prevalent in Metro-cities. Research shows that cities with high levels of air pollution have an increased risk of dry eye syndrome. Dry Eye Syndrome is high among computer users. More that 75% of people, who routinely use a computer at work may suffer from dry eye syndrome. The symptoms of dry eye i.e. dryness, irritation, foreign body sensation, redness etc. are similar to that of Shushkakshipak. Thus Shushkakshipak can be correlated with dry eye syndrome


Addition is one of the fundamental arithmetic operations. It is used in many VLSI systems such as microprocessors and application specific DSP architecture. In addition to its main task, which is adding two numbers, it is the nucleus of many other useful operations such as, subtraction, mult iplication, address calculation, etc. The proposed full adder minimizes the power consumption and lesser the delay by SPICE simulation. Due to the minimum time delay of carry out, the adder presented here improves the overall performance for a large scale of multi-bit adder. There are some different types of full adder are taken for comparison with new full adder and found a great improvement in this adder.


This study was carried out to analyze the monolingual and bilingual pupils' ability to predict outcome and comprehend sentences in a reading comprehension passage. The research design adopted for the study was Quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The population of the study comprised all 5,074 primary schools. The sample size that was used for the study consisted of 127, drawn from primary 3 pupils from 4 private primary schools in Uyo Senatorial District. The main instrument used for data collection in the study was titled "Performance of Monolingual and Bilingual Pupils" (PMBP). To ensure face and content validity of the instrument, the PMBP was given to the researcher's supervisor and four experts (two in the Department of Early Childhood Education and two in English Department, all in the University of Uyo). In order to ensure the reliability of the research instrument, the PMBP was trial-tested on 30 private primary school children who were not part of the study, but the respondents have similar characteristics with those in the study area. The research questions 1-2 were answered using mean and standard deviation statistics, while the null hypotheses 1-2 were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).  Decisions on the 2 null hypotheses were taken at .05 level of significance. The study concluded that monolingual and bilingual pupils do not differ significantly in their ability to predict outcome and comprehend sentences in reading comprehension passage. One of the recommendations made was that government, through effective monitoring, should ensure that all private schools teach the vernacular as a subject to their pupils as stipulated in the National Policy on Education for effective implementation.


The review is provided for the book "Vu Dinh Long. The Cup of Poison", translated from Vietnamese into Russian by I. Britov. The first translation of the play into Russian was released on its centennial anniversary. Vu Dinh Long's play "The Cup of Poison" has an important historical and cultural significance since it marked the birth of the Vietnamese drama theater in 1921. This publication also includes a scientific apparatus, which consists of literary articles, translator's footnotes explaining Vietnamese realities, the original text of the play in Vietnamese and its first translation into French (1927), as well as a poem.


An experimental microkinetic approach of the catalytic oxidation of diesel soots is developed considering mechanical mixtures of ceria and soot (ceria/soot weight ratio R) to mimic the situation of a catalyst-coated filter. Three ceria/soot mixtures denoted as TC-R = 10, TC-R = 1, and LC-R = 10 have been prepared according to the tight and loose contacts, respectively. Temperature-programmed experiments (without O2) performed on stabilized ceria/soot mixtures provide the rate of the CO2 production, RCO2(T), via the reaction between carbon defect sites Cf of the soot and oxygen species transferred by the ceria particles. The RCO2(T) curves present two peaks at low and high temperatures. The study is dedicated to the kinetic modeling of the RCO2(T) curves at low temperatures. According to the experimental microkinetic approach, two plausible kinetic models of the reaction have been selected on the basis of literature data; they differ from the implication or not of oxygen diffusion on the ceria surface. The...


Portable, low power, low-cost, flexible wearable Brain Machine Interfaces (BMIs) for real time brain imaging, with far higher potential spatial resolution than EEG, are being designed and prototyped using new chip architectures. Preliminary depth-indexed readings of real-time vascular and probable neural activity in the brain have been demonstrated using arrays of ultra-high dynamic range (160dB DANL) 1cm2 Ultra Wide Band (UWB) pulser/antenna/sampler assemblies. These ICs generate 5–300ps pulses and detect the resulting reflections from brain tissue boundaries. They cancel out 1/ƒ noise, and are sensitive enough to detect energy reflected from deep tissues, as well as the signal transmitted through even the longest dimensions of the head, and display vascular pulsation and, for the first time, rudimentary indications of functional brain activity.


This research paper treats a problem whose news has often been widespread. The criterion of equality between male and female in the direction of the religious ruling and control of its various interactions between the genders is an issue that occasionally reappears on the scene. Hence, it is necessary to examine the legislative aspect of the dividing line between the genders and understand its legislative merits as well as the premises on which it is confirmed in terms of legislative wisdom and religious ruling. The research methodology is based on drawing the first roadmap in relation to illustration of terms and their meanings, proceeding thereby to clarifying the obscurities unexpectedly occurring to the subject, without ignoring the philosophy of legislation in the case of variation of provisions between the genders. This is done with reference to the Legislator's rulings, i.e. by adhering to the letter and spirit of the two broad sources: the Holy Qur'an and the immaculate Sunnah, and exploring the effects of the omission of the legislative aspects and their methodological implications, particularly in the negative case rather than in the affirmative. The study has concluded that the intellectual orientation of the Ummah has to be addressed before presenting the legal ruling, whether in its media or in the fields of science and knowledge. The study has also stressed the need to address the current educational curricula in the currently existing educational institutions as well as the research and study arenas.


Myriad systems have been proposed in recent years involving situated visualization with tangible scale models as proxies for physical referents. Most of these focus on static placements of scale models that mimic their real-world arrangement. While such static placement is useful to show the spatial context of referents, it does not take full advantage of the potential interaction affordances of the proxies. Our approach, Active Proxy, binds the data representation and referent through physical manipulations of scale models. We introduce a conceptual design space defining four quadrants as combinations of two dimensions: spatial to abstract representation; and passive to active proxy. Our focus is the novel quadrant defined by active proxies and abstract representations. Designing active proxy techniques is non-trivial as users are accustomed to common interaction modalities. This paper presents an initial exploration toward a better understanding of the active proxy concept, and designs of active proxy systems.


To determine whether mitral annular calcification (MAC) or aortic valve sclerocalcification (AVSC) is associated with, and has a power to predict coronaryartery disease (CAD) in Koreans,MACandAVSCwere evaluated in 388 patients (mean 60.5 years) suspected to have CAD.MAC or AVSC wasmore prevalent in CAD(þ) than in CAD( ). Multivariate analysis together with conventional coronary risk factors (cRF) showed that MAC, male gender, AVSC, and diabetesmellitus were significantlyassociatedwith CAD.The odds ratio for CAD in the groupwith bothmultiple valvular sclerocalcification (MVSC) and 2 cRF was12.3 compared to ther1cRF groupwithout MVSC. In conclusion,MACand AVSC were independently associatedwith CAD in a low-risk Korean population. Because combination of MVSC with 2 cRF increased the predictabilities of the presence of CAD, the possibilities of CAD should be considered in patients with both MVSCand 2 cRF.


The paper addresses observability issues related to the general problem of single and multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) localization using only range measurements. While an AUV is submerged, localization devices, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems, are ineffective, due to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. AUV localization based on dead reckoning techniques and the use of affordable motion sensor units is also not practical, due to divergence caused by sensor bias and drift. For these reasons, localization systems often build on trilateration algorithms that rely on the measurements of the ranges between an AUV and a set of fixed transponders using acoustic devices. Still, such solutions are often expensive, require cumbersome calibration procedures and only allow for AUV localization in an area that is defined by the geometrical arrangement of the transponders. A viable alternative for AUV localization that has recently come to the fore exploits the use of complementary information on the distance from the AUV to a single transponder, together with information provided by on-board resident motion sensors, such as, for example, depth, velocity and acceleration measurements. This concept can be extended to address the problem of relative localization between two AUVs equipped with acoustic sensors for inter-vehicle range measurements. Motivated by these developments, in this paper, we show that both the problems of absolute localization of a single vehicle and the relative localization of multiple vehicles can be treated using the same mathematical framework, and tailoring concepts of observability derived for nonlinear systems, we analyze how the performance in localization depends on the types of motion imparted to the AUVs. For this effect, we propose a well-defined observability metric and validate its usefulness, both in simulation and by carrying out experimental tests with a real marine vehicle during which the performance of an Extended Kalman Filter state observer is shown to depend on the types of motion imparted to the vehicle.


The influence of various factors on kinetics of 1-decene oligomerization and fractional composition and structure of products afforded in the presence of model soluble catalytic systems (C 2 H 5 ) n AlCl 3-n -(CH 3 ) 3 CCl (n = 0, 1.0, 1.5, or 3.0) was studied. At 20-95°C, the catalytic systems of interest were found to show high activity and isomerization ability. The produced oligomers represented a mixture of residual decenes and dimers, trimers, tetramers, and higher molecular mass oligomers of decenes. The fractional composition and structure of products were examined. The stage mechanism describing all the features of cationic oligomerization of 1-decene was advanced.


Predictive analytics helps analyze past events to identify and extract patterns and populations vulnerable to natural calamities. Large number of supervised and unsupervised approaches can be used to identify at risk areas and improve predictions of future events. In addition, predictive analytics techniques can also provide insight for understanding the economic and human impact of natural calamities. Heavy rainfall prediction is a major problem for meteorological department and it is closely associated with the economy and human life. Here the natural disasters we will be focusing on are floods and droughts which are encountered by people across the globe every year. One of the leading causes for this is rainfall. Thus, our main focus will be on rainfall prediction with the help of different parameters and how this prediction can further help us .


A shed form of the membrane‐bound B cell activation marker, BLAST‐2 (Epstein‐Barr virus cell surface, CD 23) was immune‐affinity purified from Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed lymphoblast conditioned medium. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed a complex of two polypeptides, mol. wts 25,000 and 12,000, here termed s‐BLAST‐2. We show that this complex, when purified to homogeneity, can act as a growth factor for EBV‐infected B lymphoblasts and normal receptor‐stimulated B cell blasts. It has no effect on resting B or T cells. These data suggest that the BLAST‐2 antigen has a role in autocrine B cell growth. Additionally, this complex is a co‐mitogen for PHA‐stimulated murine thymocytes, a property of interleukin‐1.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
Strawberry plants of the Lassen variety dug from nursery beds in Tehama County in late November 1954 have yielded two thirds of a full crop during 1955 in San Diego plantings.


Phenotypic selection in apple seedling populations (F1), derived from semidiallel hybridizations between genitors with different peculiarities (Florina and Liberty, resistant to apple scab attack; Starkrimson and Golden spur, with spur ideotype) was completed with Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), based on Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) technique. Molecular analyses performing by Bulk Segregant Analysis were intended to indentifying markers for scab resistance, powdery mildew resistance and architectural tree structure (ideotype) with bulks of five to six plants per groups, and testing the bulks with RAPD polymorphic primers. The polymorphic bands between the bulks were mostly associated to apple scab resistance genes. Concerning powdery mildew resistance and architectural tree structure analysis the results are inconclusive. Although it seems that the primer 54 showed a polymorphic band in a resistant to powdery mildew hybrid, which is missing in the sensitive hybrids, the result is only apparently favourable since this band is present in both parental forms (Starkrimson, tolerant to powdery mildew and Liberty, relative susceptible). Molecular profile of the standard ideotype and spur ideotype, resulted in hybrids originated in standard parental form (Florina) and spur parental form (Golden spur), were usually monomorphic. Genetic association among the parental molecular polymorphism for scab resistance and the other two important traits (powdery mildew resistance and ideotype), was not conclusive.


Inflammatory myopathies are heterogeneous with variable clinical course and prognosis [1]. Despite conventional treatment, some patients are refractory [2].To describe the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors (JAKi) in patients with refractory dermatomyositis (DM).Retrospective analysis of 6 patients with active DM, refractory to previous immunosuppressive treatment including methotrexate, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and intravenous immunoglobulin. Demographical, clinical characteristics, outcomes and adverse events after JAKi administration were recorded.83.3% of the patients were women, with mean age 62.4±10.9 years. All patients had long-standing disease with mean disease duration 9±8.1 years. Three patients were seropositive: one with positive anti-MDA5 antibodies, one with association of anti-Jo1 and anti-Ro52 antibodies and the latter with positive anti-Ro52 antibodies. The most frequently used JAKi was upadacitinib (50%), followed by tofacitinib (33.3%) and baricitinib (16,6%). Mean daily dose of corticosteroids at baseline was 8. 5mg.Prior to treatment with JAKi, mean muscle strength was 108±35, with mean CPK levels of 997±2244. Four patients had active skin rash. After a mean follow-up period of 7.6 months, all four patients with persistent skin involvement had clinical response (MMT-8=127±30). Muscle strength was improved in 4 patients (66.6%). Of note, the two patients that did not respond to JAKi were seronegative with marked muscular atrophy. One patient discontinued treatment due to severe thrombocytopenia. No other adverse events were recorded.In this case series, JAKi treatment resulted in clinical improvement in seropositive patients with longstanding, refractory DM with acceptable safety profile. Prospective data are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings and define the subset of DM patients most likely to benefit from JAKi treatment.[1]Lundberg, I.E., Fujimoto, M., Vencovsky, J.et al.Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Nat Rev Dis Primers7, 86 (2021).[2]Oddis CV, Aggarwal R. Treatment in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 May;14(5):279-289. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.42. Epub 2018 Mar 29. Erratum in: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;14(10):619.NIL.None Declared.


The goal of the present paper is connected with spectral quasi-optical ellipsometer (SQOTE) creation, based on the hollow dielectric beamguide and beamguide components as a quasi-optical transmission line. Ultra-broadband quasi-optical transmittance line provides operation of the ellipsometer within 0.17–0.225 THz (1.2–1.8 mm) frequency range. The set of elements of the transmittance line, which require matching with the generator, was determined. The principle and details of SQOTE measurements were described and its accuracy was estimated. Experimental testing of the ellipsometer was carried out by comparing dielectric constants of a set of materials measured by the setup with reference data and with the results of independent reflectometry measurements.


Solemva reidi Bernard is a gutless clam that lives in burrows in reducing sediments, and harbours intracellular sulphur-oxidizing bacteria in its gills. Clams were incubated in various concentrations of sulphide and thiosulphate for up to 65 h in a flow-through respirometer. Fluxes were determined by continuous sampling of the respiratory medium with analysis of CO 2 , O 2 and sulphide by gas chromatography and analysis of thiosulphate, sulphite (and sulphide) by HPLC using monobromobimane-denvatized discrete samples. Net CO 2 uptake was shown to occur with exposure to 50–100μmol1 −1 sulphide and greater than 225μmoll −1 thiosulphate; sulphide oxidation and thiosulphate uptake were also demonstrated. 45 CaCO 3 deposition in the shells of. S. reidi was found to be insignificant compared to the net CO 2 flux measured in the presence of low levels of sulphide. In experiments conducted under various O 2 conditions, O 2 limitation, produced by a combination of low [O 2 ] and low water flow, was shown to inhibit sulphide oxidation and to prevent Co 2 uptake. However, if O 2 supply was not limited by low flow rates, in the presence of low [O 2 ] (25–40 μmoll −1 ) S. reidi showed rates of O 2 and sulphide consumption and CO 2 uptake near the maximum levels determined under high [O 2 ] conditions, indicating the potential for net Co 2 uptake in the low [O 2 ] conditions presumed to exist in the animal9s burrows. Thiosulphate levels in the blood of S. reidi were analysed and shown to increase rapidly during incubation in sulphide. These levels reached an apparent steady state (approx. 300μmoll −1 ) in recently captured clams after 1 h of incubation. However, both O 2 limitation and time in captivity (>43 days after capture) caused a marked increase in the blood thiosulphate levels, which exceeded 2.5mmoll −1 after 16 h of exposure to sulphide. These results indicate that blood thiosulphate is transported to the bacteria and further oxidized, and that sulphide and thiosulphate oxidation are oxygen-dependent. In analyses of gill tissues for elemental sulphur, we found a wide range in the levels of sulphur stores. Calculations indicated these to be a small fraction of the total flux of sulphur maintained during continuous sulphide oxidation. Estimates of Co 2 :o 2 : sulphide ratios suggest CO 2 fixation efficiencies similar to those of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Assuming translocation and oxidation of symbiont-fixed organic compounds, the net uptake of CO 2 by S. reidi in the presence of reduced sulphur compounds suggests that this intact symbiosis may be able to meet its organic carbon needs through autotrophy.


In this paper a scheme is presented to process 3D ground-penetrating radar reflection data acquired on a surface above a vertical transverse isotropic layered medium. The processing steps first decompose the data into Transverse Electric and Transverse Magnetic modes and up and down going waves, where the two modes are fully separated and can be treated separately in the two following steps. The first step that follows is wave field synthesis, where a virtual receiver is constructed in the layered subsurface at any depth level, from which is virtual vertical radar profile can be constructed. This can be done down to the depth level where the waves generated from the upper half space can reach as propagating waves. Once the up and down going vertical radar profiles are obtained at this virtual receiver position, well-known interferometry by deconvolution is used as a second step to obtain an image containing local primary reflection coefficients as a function of incidence angle of the initial plane wave. A numerical example demonstrates the effectiveness of removing multiples from the data and constructing an image free of effects of such internal multiple reflections.