The present invention relates to novel analogues of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pharmaceutical compositions containing said analogues, and the use of said analogues for treatment of IGF-1-receptor mediated conditions, such as short stature, diabetes therapy, neurodegenerative disease treatment, and cartilage repair. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of IGF-1 having an amino acid substitution at position 59, e.g., (Asn59)hIGF-1(1-70)-OH (SEQ ID NO:1), and other substitution(s) as defined herein.


A primary objective of the NASA Earth-Sun Exploration Technology Office is to understand the observed Earth climate variability, thus enabling the determination and prediction of the climate's response to both natural and human-induced forcing. We are currently developing a suite of computational tools that will allow researchers to calculate, from data, a variety of information-theoretic quantities such as mutual information, which can be used to identify relationships among climate variables, and transfer entropy, which indicates the possibility of causal interactions. Our tools estimate these quantities along with their associated error bars, the latter of which is critical for describing the degree of uncertainty in the estimates. This work is based upon optimal binning techniques that we have developed for piecewise-constant, histogram-style models of the underlying density functions. Two useful side benefits have already been discovered. The first allows a researcher to determine whether there exist sufficient data to estimate the underlying probability density. The second permits one to determine an acceptable degree of round-off when compressing data for efficient transfer and storage. We also demonstrate how mutual information and transfer entropy can be applied so as to allow researchers not only to identify relations among climate variables, but also to characterize and quantify their possible causal interactions.


With the increasing deployment of WLANs, network management and configuration of wireless Access Points (APs) has become one of the main concerns of network operators. While statistics and measurements regarding the overall usage of individual APs are readily available, the limited knowledge of the wireless traffic demand in terms of application types hinders efficient network provisioning. In this paper, we provide an extensive application characterization of a large scale campuswide wireless LAN going beyond the port-number limitation across three dimensions. Specifically, we examine the application cross-section at the network, client and AP level. We find that the most popular application types both in terms of the number of flows, bytes and clients are web and peer-to-peer. Further, we show that while the majority of the APs is dominated by these two applications, APs that belong to the same building types appear to have large differences in their application traffic mix. Finally, we observe that clients use the wireless network mostly for one specific application, but the traffic share of each application is significantly affected as users move within the wireless network.


SEATTLE, WASHINGTON--
 AIDS researchers met here last week to explore an alarming finding: A vaccine candidate may actually have increased the risk of HIV infection in some study participants.


linear, measured time generated the rigid timetables that regulated the factory workday and workers, for example, when to start and stop work, what tasks to do and when, and the speed at which tasks were to be completed. These time disciplines, underlying beliefs and drivers were emulated in British schools and subsequently New Zealand schools, in order to habituate young people into the common net of Western time (Harvey, 1990). Time, control and discipline The principle function of time in schools is control and discipline. According to Foucault (1991) the purpose of discipline in schools is to diminish the power of the learner, to coerce the learner into a submissive state – a "docile" body – but with increased capacity for acquiring certain knowledge and aptitudes. A "docile" body is achieved by breaking down and replacing the natural rhythms of the learner with the rigid time structures and timetables imposed by schools, that is, Western time (Miller, 2000). The day in, day out assault on the body forces the body to accept these time disciplines (Lefebvre & Regulier, 2003). The body is thus trained to perform in certain ways, and to carry out tasks at certain times. Controlling the body by overcoming its natural rhythms is the key to controlling the mind (Foucault, 1991). In this manner, discipline is achieved and, in the process, Western time (and the ideologies inherent in Western time) is conveyed and becomes embodied by the


The invention discloses an earphone capable of improving the English listening comprehension of a user, and relates to a study aid. The earphone is characterized in that speech receivers are arranged on an earphone body of the earphone, speed output devices are arranged in earmuffs, the speech receivers and the speech output devices are connected with a Chinese-English simultaneous translator by conducting wires, source-language speech in an environment is received by the speech receivers, is transmitted to the Chinese-English simultaneous translator via the conducting wires, and is converted into target-language speech by the Chinese-English simultaneous translator, and the voice output devices are used for playing the target-language speech which is converted from the source-language speech by the Chinese-English simultaneous translator. The earphone has the advantages that the Chinese speech in the ambient environment can be converted into corresponding English speech in real time, and a natural and real English language environment can be created for the English learner, so that English learning becomes visual, specific and vivid, language learning laws are met, and the listening competence of the English learner is greatly improved.


The article describes problems of stationary contacts and description of the discharge inception processes, which are related to the function of stationary contact. These are e.g. problems so - called contacts sparking, it is study in light of interfering fields generation. The theory is in connection with questions of electromagnetic compatibility. The measurements on the heterogeneous structure of the surface layers in the electrical contact bring many interesting results.


Worldwide, food-borne diseases are a major health burden leading to high morbidity and mortality. The global burden of infectious diarrhoea involves 3-5 billion cases and nearly 1.8 million deaths annually, mainly in young children, caused by contaminated food and water. According to the CDC, an estimated 76 million cases of food-borne disease are reported annually in the United States with approximately 5000 deaths.


2 Computing the Partition Function From Nested Sampling The μVT system enforces a constant chemical potential, constant volume, and constant temperature. Unlike the the canonical or isothermal-isobaric systems the μVT system is allowed to exchange particles with the external bath, i.e. the number of particles within the constant volume of our system is allowed to change. The partition function for this system is given by


for example, in their study of trees they will be given Lowell's poem, " Rhoecus." In this they will see that the spirit of nature can only companion him who is kind and good. They will also have stories which embody ideals of courage, generosity, wisdom, and kindness to animals. These are intended both to emphasize the work in history and geography, and also to influence the daily actions of the children. Prometheus, Hiawatha, Ulysses, and King Solomon and the Bees are illustrative of this


Up to now, the production of the cold is undertaking mainly by the classical way of compression refrigerator cycle. The cycle need an electrical power or mechanics expense for the training of the compressor and the C.F.C for their functioning. Most of the C.F.C impoverish the layer of ozone and participate with a considerable manner, to the increase of the sere effect, then to climatic changes. To contribute to the rational utilisation of energy and the protection of the environment, the research undertaken in the area of the cold has been mainly oriented to a new process adaptation in many fields like the food product conservation and climatisation. This can be obtained by the utilisation of process and sources of not conventional energy like the combined absorption process and solar energy. Besides the environmental aspect, these refrigerator systems are of great interest in the far rural zones which are not served by the electrical network, particularly for food product conservation and the air conditioning of tourist infrastructures and hotels in distant rural zones. Absorption cycles are autonomous systems which can provide a solution to this problem. After modelisation of the absorption refrigerator machine functioning with LiBr-H2O, by determining energy and mass statements of each cycle element supposed in the permanent regime. We have determined the COP of the solar single-stage absorption refrigerator as a function of the temperature in the different components of the cycle. Therefore, we have changed the dimension of the cycle by introducing double-line heat exchanger (between generator-condenser and between evaporator-generator). In this study, we present the variation of the COP and the heat-transfer rate with different temperature of the cycle, the obtained values are compared with an improved configuration using a double- line heat exchanger.


Heart rate variation is a powerful tool for investigating the state of the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in this variation can be studied in infants over developmental periods to examine maturation of the CNS. This work examines these changes using several methods in order to characterize changes in heart rate patterns across conceptional ages and sleep-wake states. The authors' methods included comparison of mean heart rates across EEG-sleep states, quantitative analysis of Poincare plots, and examination of R-R interval frequency changes over time. The authors' results show that mean heart rate is highly dependent on state, even in very premature infants, and that R-R interval frequency becomes more indicative of state after 35 weeks conceptional age (CA). Also, an increase in heart rate variability over age for all sleep waking states was noted with higher frequency components of R-R interval changes during quiet sleep states. Larger frequency changes were apparent over progressively maturing ages for quiet sleep when compared to active sleep. These findings most likely reflect maturation of heart rate modulation by the CNS, with variations across states possibly indicating differences in developmental patterns of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.


Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) began with a mission to generate investment for infrastructure, renewable energy (RE) and energy-efficient projects in Bangladesh through public–private partnership initiatives. IDCOL started its RE activities in 2003 with a programme named solar home system (SHS). With an installed capacity of 185 MWp, SHSs are positioned in remote areas where grid expansion is difficult and costly. The aim is to ensure access to clean electricity for power-starved off-grid rural communities, which previously relied on kerosene lamps for lighting purposes. The case starts with a depiction of the energy sector in Bangladesh and an overview of IDCOL. The four dimensions of 4A framework are applied to the SHS business model to discuss how it has enriched the lives of more than 12 per cent of the population. IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh's changing market. Dilemma Due the free distribution of SHS by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) under its safety net programme, IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh's changing market. Theory: 4A framework applied to the Solar Home System business model Type of the Case: Problem-solving, secondary data Protagonist: NA Options Softer financing, expansion in other use segments, developing newer products and exploring different projects, entering markets in other countries Discussions and Case Questions Should IDCOL enter a new market in Bangladesh? Should they invest primarily in grid-connected solar projects and roof-top solar projects under its RE program? Should the firm diversify its portfolio by including industrial energy efficiency, power generation, shipbuilding and shipyard, IT and telecommunication, ports, social and tourism infrastructure and infrastructure backward linkage projects? International advisory service and energy from waste are also lucrative options.


Background: Alteration of kidney function called Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is commonly encountered in diagnostic and interventional cardiology procedures. It results in considerable morbidity and mortality besides imposing significant costs on the healthcare system. Today, it is accounted as the third cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Objectives: Considering anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties of selenium and the role of free radicals in CIN, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral selenium (in the form of Se-yeast capsule) on preventing or decreasing the rate of CIN in patients undergoing angiography and angioplasty. Patients and Methods: This prospective, non-randomized, single-blind, single-center clinical trial was conducted on 175 consecutive patients admitted for elective coronary angiography (N = 105) or angioplasty (N = 70). Selenium was prescribed as a single dose of 200 micrograms the day before and after the procedure. Routine hydration based on the ward protocol was administered for all the patients. For the control group, the researchers made use of the data of another survey performed in the same hospitals for determining the prevalence of CIN a year before. The data were analyzed using student's t-test and logistic regression analysis and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Based on the results of student's t-test, the mean difference between the two groups was significant only in hematocrit levels. The incidence of CIN was 9% in the selenium group compared to 22% in the control group (P = 0.027). There was no case of in-hospital mortality and none of the CIN patients required renal replacement therapy during hospitalization. Conclusions: Prophylactic selenium administration may significantly reduce the incidence of CIN.


Some members of the Solanaceae have a self-incompatibility mechanism preventing self-fertilization. Stylar ribonucleases (S-RNases) are responsible for growth inhibition of self-pollen tubes. A prevalent model postulates that the S-RNases act as intracellular cytotoxins that degrade ribosomal RNA, and possibly also messenger RNA, in the incompatible pollen tubes. Since ribosomes and polysomes are easily noticed with the electron microscope, it should be possible to confirm disintegration of these structures. However, our inspection by electron microscopy revealed the presence of ribosomes and polysomes in pollen tubes formed after self-pollination of the self-sterile species Brugmansia (Datura) suaveolens and Nicotiana alata. There was no decrease over time in the number of bound ribosomes per unit of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane. The results indicate that the inhibition of tube growth is not due to a general degradation of ribosomal and messenger RNA. Therefore, the substrate for S-RNases presumably is very specific.


An ultrahigh vacuum apparatus is described which is suitable for the detection of inert gases thermally desorbing from a solid following ion implantation. Using a sensitive mass spectrometer as a detector and a desorption volume of 2.27 l, it was found possible to detect the desorption of 1–2×107 helium atoms over a period of a few seconds. This is in good agreement with a theoretical expression derived for the minimum number of desorbed atoms detectable in terms of the system parameters and the shot noise on the detector ion current. Some experimental desorption spectra are given to demonstrate the capabilities of the apparatus.


the case in our study). In fact, the Bocelli et al statement that "a negative FE finding usually does not affect interpretation of CA findings significantly" underscores the message of our study: that there is additional diagnostic utility to be gained from CA even when FE findings are normal. Bocelli et al go on to state that on the basis of the "low prevalence of children with positive FE and negative CA findings . . . compared with those with negative FE and positive CA findings," interpretation of our results would result in a "spurious increase in sensitivity" and that "it could be estimated that specificity of FE alone was 97.6%[,] . . . whereas specificity of the approach combining FE and postnatal CA . . . was 90.9%." As stated in the limitations section of our article, and as acknowledged by Bocelli et al, our study was not designed to evaluate sensitivity/specificity of FE versus FE and CA, because pediatric echocardiography was not routinely performed. Bocelli et al conclude that "taking into account that additional lesions detected by CA and missed by FE were all minor or noncomplex CHD, the opportunity to routinely perform FE followed by postnatal CA in the offspring of women with CHD should be critically considered." Although the CHD detected by CA was noncomplex and, therefore, not likely to affect short-term survival, there are important implications regarding need for long-term cardiology follow-up as well as concerns regarding heritability of CHD to be considered at the time of future family planning. We thank Bocelli et al for their interest in our work; we believe that their concerns have been addressed adequately above. Ultimately, the decision to apply our research findings will be impacted by local practice patterns and resource availability, specifically with respect to availability of pediatric cardiologists and/or pediatric echocardiography.


Simple Summary This review has comprehensively summarized the most recent studies in the last few years about exosomal microRNAs on metastasis of breast cancer (BC), systematically outlined and elucidated the pleiotropic roles that exosomal microRNAs take, and discussed the specific underlying mechanisms related. Besides, we also clearly demonstrate the clinical implications of exosomal microRNAs in various aspects, including early-stage discovery of BC, systematic and targeted therapy, and the selection of anti-cancer chemo-agents. This review clarifies the scope and extent of current studies about the relationship between exosomal microRNAs and metastasis of BC, laying a solid foundation for further laboratory studies. What's more, it links the theoretical researches and clinical features about exosomal microRNAs on metastasis of BC together, providing novel clues for BC diagnosis, chemotherapeutics and drug efficacy evaluation in clinical, which indicates the great potential of exosomal microRNAs in clinical significance. Abstract As a major threat factor for female health, breast cancer (BC) has garnered a lot of attention for its malignancy and diverse molecules participating in its carcinogenesis process. Among these complex carcinogenesis processes, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and angiogenesis are the major causes for the occurrence of metastasis and chemoresistance which account for cancer malignancy. MicroRNAs packaged and secreted in exosomes are termed "exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)". Nowadays, more researches have uncovered the roles of exosomal miRNAs played in BC metastasis. In this review, we recapitulated the dual actions of exosomal miRNAs exerted in the aggressiveness of BC by influencing migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Next, we presented how exosomal miRNAs modify angiogenesis and stemness maintenance. Clinically, several exosomal miRNAs can govern the transformation between drug sensitivity and chemoresistance. Since the balance of the number and type of exosomal miRNAs is disturbed in pathological conditions, they are able to serve as instructive biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis. More efforts are needed to connect the theoretical studies and clinical traits together. This review provides an outline of the pleiotropic impacts of exosomal miRNAs on BC metastasis and their clinical implications, paving the way for future personalized drugs.


The article analyses the perceptions at municipal level of potentials and problems in implementing integrated catchment management of water resources as proposed in the EU Water Framework Directive, expressed in views on how to reduce nutrient leakage from agricultural production. Heads of environmental authorities, spatial planners and environmental officers are among the professionals that will be key actors when implementing the WFD at the local level. Using a process of active focus group interviews, officials from municipal environmental offices studied, reflected upon and discussed the suggested plan concerning their part of implementing WFD. The municipal officers stressed certain conditions that have to be met to implement WFD in a sustainable manner. The most important conditions are clear environmental goals and management plans with support in legislation, which would put the necessary pressure upon local politicians to prioritize the WFD and take action. The respondents perceived the WFD would offer a changed approach in work routines with farmers towards partnerships for sustainable water resource management.


14 nology of CVEs matures and is directly taken up by the public (as we believe it will be within the next few years), so bringing artistic and production expertise into the development of CVE applications will become increasingly important. Thus, " content will be king " , and events such as the one described in this paper will become an increasingly important aspect of research into CVEs. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the EPSRC and the European Commission (ACTS programme) for funding the development of the underlying technologies and The University of Nottingham and Notting-ham City Council for funding for the event itself. We would like to thank artist Chetty and all of the NOW'96 team for working with us on creating and staging this performance. We would like to thank Jolanda Tromp and Mike Fraser and other colleagues at Nottingham for helping out during the event and for their input into its design. 13 tem functionality according to both spatial location and temporal events. As noted above, aspects of adapting focus and nimbus according to spatial context have already been addressed through the third party extension to the spatial model (Ben-ford, 1997). Our experiences with the poetry event suggest that third parties might be extended to influence other aspects of interaction such as navigation. We also need to develop models of the temporal structure and flow of events which can be used to manage interaction. Given such models, we can consider extending virtual world modelling tools such as (Colebourne, 1996) to include systems support for both temporal and spatial structuring of events in CVEs and the management of transitions between them. Finally, dynamic management of such facilities is required so that event producers can react to evolving circumstances and behaviours. 6. Summary This paper has discussed the design of a public poetry performance in a CVE. At the heart of this design was the objective of enabling the virtual audience members to be autonomous and socially active participants in the event. Our design addressed a broad range of issues including developing a virtual world structure that would support a combination of performance and exploration; developing appropriate embodiments for both the performers (a semi-immersive interface to support gesturing) and the audience members; adapting mixed reality concepts for the display of the virtual world within two quite different physical spaces; determining an appropriate temporal structure for the event; and …


The chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline Fe-Co alloys by reducing iron sulphate and cobalt chloride solutions with hydrazine-hydrate has been investigated systematically with an objective to develop magnetic materials with high saturation magnetization for wide range of application in magnetic recording media, sintering accelerator and biomedicine. The influence of the concentration of the reactants, applied magnetic field, reaction atmosphere, and method of mixing the reactants on the microstructure, particle size, composition and magnetic properties has been studied.


The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a symmetrical structured LED light-total-reflection collimation system with theoretically lossless lighting effects. The collimation system includes an LED light source module, improved ellipsoid reflectors, improved first parabolic reflectors and improved second parabolic reflectors. A light source is arranged at the first focal points of the ellipsoid reflectors, the improved first parabolic reflectors are located below the ellipsoid reflectors, and the focal points of the first parabolic reflectors coincide with the second focal points of the ellipsoid reflectors; the focal points of the improved second parabolic reflectors are located at the light source, and the whole system is of a left-right mirror symmetry structure; part of the light emitted from the light source forms collimated light through the ellipsoid reflectors and the first parabolic reflectors, and the other part of the light forms collimated light through the second parabolic reflectors. Only the reflectors are used in the whole system, the dispersion of multispectral hybrid light is avoided, and effective light energy is high in utilization rate.


The task of keyword spotting is to detect a set of keywords in the input continuous speech. The main goal of this work is to develop an improved Mandarin keyword spotting (KWS) system for conversational telephone speech (CTS). In this paper, we propose an efficient online-garbage model based KWS system, which integrated with a word-level minimum classification error (MCE) training method and a novel context-enhanced verification method. Experiment showed that the proposed methods can reduce the equal-error-rate (EER) of the system by 13.8% in relative


Across the globe, festivals attract significant interest in both the developing and developed economies. Festival tourism can be used as a tool to boost the local economy and has the potential to aid in the seasonal, geographic and demographic spread of tourism. The contribution of tourism to the development of local regions is prolific, as it creates jobs and stimulates the economy. Examples of festivals around the world are the Bristol Harbour Festival in the United Kingdom, the Rio Carnival in Brazil, and the Vodacom Durban July and the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in South Africa. Festivals have the potential of injecting economic, social and environmental (triple-bottom line) benefits. Therefore, this study examines how festivals can usher in new economic development opportunities for tourism destinations. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed in the study. Primary and secondary data sources were consulted to understand the phenomenon. Purposive sampling was utilised to collect data. The findings of the study show how festivals can potentially become an economic development driver for tourism destinations. This study contributes to the underresearched area of festival tourism. It provides a foundation for further studies to be conducted in the Eastern Cape Province, which suffers from high levels of poverty. It is hoped that the study will provide a foundation for event organisers, local municipality decision-makers and other stakeholders for the planning, promotion and presentation of future festivals.


Purpose

The aim of this paper is to review the forces that led to the rise of relationship marketing (RM) and to provide suggestions for how it can overcome its midlife crisis and be revitalized.

Design/methodology/approach

Personal reflections.

Findings

A shift in two dimensions is needed to revitalize RM: from "share of wallet" to "share of heart" as the RM objective and from "managing customer relationships" to "managing contractual or virtual joint ventures with customers" as the process of RM.

Research limitations/implications

The shift to "share of heart" will generate three new RM areas for researchers and practitioners: emotive feedback, purpose-driven RM and the use of social media for developing and nurturing brand communities. For the process shift to take place, companies and customers need to co-create value, collaborate cross functionally and share value.

Originality/value

Going from "share of wallet" to "share of heart" as the objective of RM and from managing customer relationship to joint venturing with customers as a process will revitalize the RM discipline.


The Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Programme is the next generation of European geostationary meteorological systems. The first MTG satellite, MTG-I1, which is scheduled for launch at the end of 2018, will host two imaging instruments: the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) and the Lightning Imager. The FCI will provide continuation of the SEVIRI imager operations on the current Meteosat Second Generation satellites (MSG), but with an improved spatial, temporal and spectral resolution, not dissimilar to GOES-R (of NASA/NOAA). Unlike SEVIRI on the spinning MSG spacecraft, the FCI will be mounted on a 3-axis stabilised platform and a 2-axis tapered scan will provide a full coverage of the Earth in 10 minute repeat cycles. Alternatively, a rapid scanning mode can cover smaller areas, but with a better temporal resolution of up to 2.5 minutes. In order to assess some of the data acquisition and processing aspects which will apply to the FCI, a simplified end-to-end imaging chain prototype was set up. The simulation prototype consists of four different functional blocks: - A function for the generation of FCI-like references images - An image acquisition simulation function for the FCI Line-of-Sight calculation and swath generation - A processing function that reverses the swath generation process by rectifying the swath data - An evaluation function for assessing the quality of the processed data with respect to the reference images This paper presents an overview of the FCI instrument chain prototype, covering instrument characteristics, reference image generation, image acquisition simulation, and processing aspects. In particular, it provides in detail the description of the generation of references images, highlighting innovative features, but also limitations. This is followed by a description of the image acquisition simulation process, and the rectification and evaluation function. The latter two are described in more detail in a separate paper. Finally, results from the prototype imaging chain are shown, including generated datasets, evaluation of results and conclusions derived from the first tests. An outline of planned extensions to the prototype and its role in the MTG Ground Segment development conclude the presentation.


Gabrielle Rossini, DDS, PhD student, Spec Orthod Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di Torino. University of Turin, Italy Simone Parrini, DDS, Spec Orthod Department of Orthodontics University of Turin, Italy Andrea Deregibus, MD, PhD Department of Orthodontics University of Turin, Italy Tommaso Castro orio, DDS, PhD, Spec Orthod Surgical Sciences Dental School, University of Torino Correspondence: Dr Simone Parrini, DDS Spec Orthod, University of Turin, via Nizza 230, 10100 Turin, Italy E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


In interpreting the "prescribed by law" requirement contained in section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadian courts have struggled with an abundance of difficult distinctions: between law and discretion, general norms and individualized decisions, and administrative law and constitutional law.A purposive approach assists in identifying the key functions of the "prescribed by law" requirement. First, it has both formal and substantive senses which are intimately related to the rule of law. Second, it performs an accountability function by forcing government to take responsibility for general norms that infringe Charter rights. Third, consistent with the intention of the drafters of the Charter, it provides additional protection for the individual from rights-infringing conduct by state actors.These functions are frustrated somewhat by the analytical framework set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in Slaight Communications v. Davidson (1989). Unfortunately, in its recent decision in Dore v. Barreau du Quebec (2012), the Court has only worsened the situation. It did away with the application of the proportionality test where Charter infringements can be attributed to individualized decisions of state officials, substituting instead the more deferential reasonableness test applied in judicial review of administrative action. Accordingly, a return to the pre-Dore situation, as outlined in the majority reasons of Justice Charron in Multani v. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys (2006), would be appropriate.Moreover, improvements to the analytical framework within which the "prescribed by law" requirement is applied can be effected by using the tools of administrative law. Justification, transparency and intelligibility are the touchstones of reasonableness in administrative decision-making, as the Court itself has acknowledged. Accordingly, administrative decision-makers who fail to confine, structure and check their discretion by adopting "soft law" instruments, such as publicly available guidelines, risk seeing their decisions struck down as unreasonable by reviewing courts. And if decisions are unreasonable, they cannot be "prescribed by law" within the meaning of section 1 of the Charter.Requiring the adoption of "soft law" instruments gives effect to the formal and substantive senses of the phrase "prescribed by law" by improving the accessibility and precision of administrative discretion; enhances its accountability function by allowing individuals to identify the source of rights-infringing official action and providing a focal point for debate; and hands an additional shield to the individual with which to fend off infringements of the Charter.


Abstract : A unified approach has been derived from predicting buffet response of fighter aircraft empennage operating in high angle of attack maneuvering conditions. Since the advent of high angle of attack flight using controlled vortex flows, incidences of severe structural stress, and in some cases, damages have resulted. This has been pronounced on twin tailed aircraft, including McDonnell's F-15 and F/A-18 aircraft which require structural beef-ups to their empennage. Two concepts are shown for predicting buffet response of empennage. The first approach uses elastically scaled models in wind tunnel tests to provide full scale prediction. The second approach is based on calculations using measured pressure data from wind tunnel tests. The latter method is more versatile. Detailed applications are shown for the F/A-18 empennage, while other applications at McDonnell are noted.


months. Relapse was much commoner in patients with 18or more personalities, in whom 60% had partial or completerelapse. Patientswith 17or fewerpersonalities hadan8% relapserate. In North America,thediagnosishasbecomeincreas ingly common —¿ even in 1980 there were only 200 cases recordedin theliterature,but sincethentherehavebeen manyseriespublished,someofthem in thehundreds.It is difficult to know how much ofthis increase presents a trueincreasein theaffectedpopulationandhowmuchis due to an increasing awareness among psychiatrists resulting in more accurate diagnosis. It may also be possible that now that the diagnosis has become fashionable, it may be over-diagnosed. Patients may also have learned to conceptualise their problems in ways that attract professional and lay interest. There seemsto be an important relationship between child abuse and the later development of MPD, and it is of great interest that the increasein the diagnosis of MPD parallels the increasedawarenessof child abusewhich has been a feature of the past 10 years. Many MPD patients have been previously diagnosed as borderline personality, normally considered difficult to help psy chotherapeutically in contrast to the excellent results describedin the volume under review. It may bethat the authors' caseswere easierones, or it could be that the diagnosis of MPD and the specific psychotherapeutic strategies usedwiththesepatients i amorehelpful way of viewing somecasesof borderline personality. Where there are very sudden changes in mood of patients with a †̃¿ personality d sorder' and the appear anceof †̃¿ psychotic' phenomenain patients whom we are fairly certain are not psychotic, wemay find with further


It is possible to reach the radiation-reaction–dominated regime in today's high-intensity laser facilities, using the collision of a wakefield-accelerated GeV electron beam with a 30 fs laser pulse of intensity 10 22 Wcm -2 . This would demonstrate that the yield of high energy gamma rays is increased by the stochastic nature of photon emission: a beam of 10 9 electrons will emit 6300 photons with energy > 700 MeV, 60 times the number predicted classically. Detecting those photons, or a prominent low energy peak in the electron beam's post-collision energy spectrum, will provide strong evidence of quantum radiation reaction; we place constraints on the accuracy of timing necessary to achieve this. This experiment would provide benchmarking for the simulations that will be used to study the plasmas produced in the next generation of laser facilities. With focused intensities > 10 23 Wcm -2 , these will be powerful enough to generate high fluxes of gamma rays and electron-positron pairs from laser–laser and laser–solid interactions. It will become possible to test the physics of exotic astrophysical phenomena, such as pair cascades in pulsar magnetospheres, and explore fundamental aspects of quantum electrodynamics (QED). To that end we will discuss: classical theories of radiation reaction; QED processes in intense fields; and a Monte Carlo algorithm by which the latter may be included in particle-in-cell codes. The feedback between QED processes and classical plasma dynamics characterises a new regime we call QED-plasma physics.


The purpose of this research study was to investigate the relationship between international posture and ideal L2 self and university students' usage of mobile devices for informal English-language learning. A paper-based instrument was distributed to undergraduate students enrolled in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) courses. One-hundred and four students participated in the research. The survey included five sections (1) international posture, (2) ideal L2 self, (3) usage of mobile devices for informal English-language learning, and (4) demographics. The results of the inquiry showed that international posture and ideal L2 self were significantly and positively correlated with usage of mobile devices for informal English-language learning. However, the construct of ought to L2 self was not significantly correlated to informal mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) usage.


In order to predict and analyze the attributes of macro traffic flow on road network and micro traffic flow at intersection accurately during the traffic impact analysis,a method of combining traffic volume distribution model with traffic simulation is developed.First,based on the Geography Information System(GIS),Voronoi diagrams are used for traffic analysis zone(TAZ) partition,and the attribute data is also partitioned correspondingly. Then,Multiplicative Competitive Interaction(MCI)model is adopted to estimate the new OD matrix.As a result,the output of traffic demand model can be input to micro traffic simulator directly to simulate and analyze the micro traffic flow.Finally,a numeric test is done to show the validity and accuracy of the presented method.


A keep-free rotation of the push button during the displacement of the insert, to provide a remote controller having particular for a motor vehicle, a retractable key. A The remote control device, between the lower shell (1) the upper shell (2) and a remote control casing having a deployed position when in use, and the storage position, which is housed in the remote control casing in can pivot the insert (3) that the key blade and the components, and for returning the insert to the deployed position, elastic return mechanism having a push disposed on the upper shell button (4) It is equipped with a. Push button is provided with indexing means for indexing so that it can not have been combined with the upper shell so that it can not rotate relative to the upper shell, and rotate relative to the insert, indexing means is releasable by depression of the push button, the insert can be directly rotated around the push button. .FIELD 1


AIM To investigate the changes of cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) and to assess whether Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection contributes to them in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. METHODS Fifty three Hp positive and 38 Hp negative FD patients were studied. Twenty six Hp uninfected healthy volunteers served as controls. Before and after a test meal, the cutaneous EGG and the main frequency (Fp), mean amplitude (Ap), Fz, ratio of fasting to postcibal peak amplitude, peak time (PT), return time for postcibal peak amplitude (RT), arrhythmia rate (AR) and postcibal decreasing rate (DR) were observed with WCDF 4B electrogastrograph. The association between the EGG parameters and Hp infection was also evaluated. RESULTS There was no difference in Fp and F2 among the three groups. The arrhythmia rate, especially postcibal arrhythmia rate, was significantly higher in FD patients (either Hp positive or not) than in controls (Hp positive FD: fasting 10 6%, postcibal 30 1%; Hp negative FD: fasting 12 5%, postcibal 29 4%; controls: fasting 4 5%, postcibal 6 6%, P 0 01 , respectively). Although the mean amplitude and ratio of peak amplitude showed no difference among the three groups, the postcibal decreasing rate was significantly higher and returning time to peak was significantly longer in FD patients (either Hp positive or not) than in controls ( P 0 05, respectively) . CONCLUSION FD patients have a higher arrhythmia rate, a higher postcibal decreasing rate and a longer returning time for postcibal peak amplitude. These indicate that FD patients may have a hypofunction of gastric motility, however, it can not be contributed to the infection of Helicobacter pylori.


This work proposes a nonlinear stochastic filter evolved on the Special Orthogonal Group ${\mathbb{SO}}$ (3) as a solution to the attitude filtering problem. One of the most common potential functions for nonlinear deterministic attitude observers is studied and reformulated to address the noise attached to the attitude dynamics. The resultant estimator and correction factor demonstrate convergence properties and remarkable ability to attenuate the noise. The stochastic dynamics of the attitude problem are mapped from ${\mathbb{SO}}$ (3) to Rodriguez vector. The proposed stochastic filter evolved on ${\mathbb{SO}}$ (3) guarantees that errors in the Rodriguez vector and estimates steer very close to the neighborhood of the origin and that the errors are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square. Simulation results illustrate the robustness of the proposed filter in the presence of high uncertainties in measurements.


"Be grateful when solutions exist, because of Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem" offers a introduction to a mathematical theorem asserting the existence of solutions to problems in engineering, medicine, economics, and other fields, as long as certain criteria are satisfied. The discussion is illustrated with numerous hand-drawn sketches. While this theorem assures the existence of a solution—a "fixed point"—it does not provide insight on how to find it. Still, it can be reassuring to know that a solution exists. For example, economist John von Newmann used this theorem in his 1937 economic model establishing that there exist prices at which supply equals demand. Mathematics students and enthusiasts are encouraged to be grateful for knowledge that a solution exists in mathematical and life pursuits, even when the solution itself remains elusive. At the chapter's end, readers may check their understanding by working on a problem. A solution is provided.


A brake fade determination device (7) determines whether a fade state of a brake device (11) that brakes a wheel (2) of a vehicle (1) is occurring on the basis of the deceleration of the vehicle (1) and the slip amount of the wheel (2). A braking system (6) includes: the brake device (11) that is able to adjust a braking force that acts on the wheel (2) of the vehicle (1); and a controller (7) that controls the braking force to control the slip condition of the wheel 2. The controller (7) determines whether a fade state of the brake device (11) is occurring on the basis of the deceleration of the vehicle (1) and the slip amount of the wheel (2), and adjusts the amount of increase or decrease in braking force on the basis of whether the fade state is occurring.


3-(1-Phenylvinyl)pyridine (m-PyPE), prepared by Wittig reaction from the readily available 3-benzoylpyridine, represents a structural analog of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE), one phenyl group being replaced by pyridine. The suitability of m-PyPE for the copolymerisation with vinylpyridine is reflected by the 13C NMR shifts of the β-carbon of 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP; 118.32 ppm) and m-PyPE (115.83 ppm, measured in CDCl3), which possess predictive character for carbanionic copolymerisation. In analogy to DPE and its manifold reported derivatives, carbanionic homopolymerisation of m-PyPE was not possible, due to its steric bulk. Copolymers of 2-VP and m-PyPE with varied composition have been synthesized with an incorporated amount of m-PyPE of up to 25%. Full conversion as well as the targeted incorporation ratio were verified by NMR experiments. Increasing the m-PyPE amount beyond 25% is possible, yet full monomer conversion and quantitative yields were not achieved anymore in this case. An increase of the glass transition temperatures of the resulting copolymers with increasing m-PyPE content was observed (DSC), and the difference in hydrophilicity compared to that of P(2-VP) was determined by contact angle measurements. m-PyPE offers potential also for functional termination of other living anionic polymerisations.


The brake shoe is a key component used for braking in train operation; once the brake shoe is severely worn or falls off, it may cause a major traffic accident. Therefore, the accurate inspection of locomotive brake shoes is of great importance. An improved semantic segmentation algorithm based on an object contextual representations network (OCRNet) is proposed to recognize brake shoes. Firstly, for the problem of brake shoe contour detail segmentation, a coordinate attention mechanism module (CA Block) is introduced into the backbone network of OCRNet to capture the internal correlation of position information and channel information, which can overcome not only the information loss caused by the downsampling process but also improve the semantic segmentation of brake shoe accuracy. In addition, semantic segmentation only focuses on pixel-level classification but lacks the optimization of object-level classification. So, we use a mixed loss function composed of cross-entropy loss and Lovász-softmax loss to supervise the training process at the pixel and object levels, respectively. Finally, the classification network is introduced to improve the detection accuracy and reduce the false positive rate. The proposed method is verified on the test set, and the experimental results show that the improved improved OCRNet can achieve higher accuracy with a slight increase in parameters and calculation amount.


This paper discusses the application of parallel association rules algorithm in the earthquake predication, brings forward some new data preprocessing ideas, parallelizes the association rule algorithm and in the end gives the experiment results and relevant explantion.


It is shown that a system of two coupled planar material sheets possessing surface mode (polariton) resonances can be used for the purpose of evanescent field restoration and, thus, for sub-wavelength near-field imaging. The sheets are placed in free space so that they are parallel and separated by a certain distance. Due to interaction of the resonating surface modes (polaritons) of the sheets an exponential growth in the amplitude of an evanescent plane wave in the system can be achieved. This effect was predicted earlier for backward-wave (double-negative or Veselago) slab lenses. The alternative system considered here is proved to be realizable at microwaves by grids or arrays of resonant particles. The necessary electromagnetic properties of the resonating grids and the particles are investigated and established. Theoretical results are supported by microwave experiments that demonstrate amplification of evanescent modes.


Low voltage imaging and microanalysis have been gaining prominence in the last few years due to their distinct advantages for analysis of beam sensitive and charging materials. Recent advances in the SEM electron optics have allowed the SEM to maintain a small probe size at both imaging (small beam current) and analysis (large probe current) conditions at low accelerating voltages [1-3]. In particular in JEOL SEM microscopes one of the methods we have been employing to achieve this goal has been the use of beam deceleration (referred to as GB mode). Beam deceleration not only helps with charge balance but also effectively reduces lens aberrations thus improving overall image resolution. Gentle Beam works by retarding the primary beam voltage using a negatively charged stage bias to a lower landing energy. The landing voltage (Elanding=Egun-Ebias) can be varied with a combination of electron source voltage and specimen bias to achieve the necessary charge balance as well as high resolution performance at ultra-low voltages. The typical values for specimen bias are 0-2kV, though better performance can be obtained with bias values up to 5kV. Beam deceleration also serves as a form of aberration correction; the aberration coefficients (both spherical and chromatic) are reduced when the ratio Elanding/Egun is reduced for a fixed Egun, meaning larger specimen bias enhances image resolution at ultra-low kVs. The use of Gentle Beam function thus preserves all the advantages of high kV imaging (gun brightness, small probe size) with added advantages of reduced charging, reduced specimen contamination and improved surface detail.


objections. It is true that the magical papyri were probably employed for both male and female patients, and that a mechanical use of the masculine suffix .f appended to all organs of either sex is quite consistent with what we know of Egyptian carelessness in such matters. But it is a curious thing that with the possible exception of kns in the Vatican and Berlin lists, no female organs are mentioned in any of the twenty or so lists we possess. The Book of the Dead was used for men and women alike, yet in spell 42 we have only Q,nn 'phallus' and no female alternative; and the same applies to all the other lists known to me. In the Book of the Dead of Gesushen (Naville, Papyrus Funeraires de la XXJe Dyn., II, pl. xxxi, 1. 2) we have the anomaly X ~ O ~ ('=t) s1J. i think some additional weight is given to my original interpretation of kns by a passage in the Edwin Smith Pap. which has been misunderstood by Breasted, who has been misled into giving a forced meaning to the well-known word 7'9"· I would translate the passage in question (20. 13-17) as follows: 'If you examine a woman who suffers in her stomach, and [sc. 'because'] no menses are coming to her, and if you find something in the upper part of the vagina (i.e. cervix uteri), you say concerning her: "It is a clot (lit. 'an obstruction of blood') in the womb". You prepare for her balsam 1Jr hekat, grease }-, sweet ale i hekat, warmed and drunk for 4 days, besides preparing for her an emmenagogue oil, cumin, stibium, sweet frankincense. Mix and anoint the pubic region (emending~~ to = ~) therewith frequently.' This is a perfectly normal case of dysmenorrhoea due to clotting. The symptoms are nausea and local pain. For the former an emeti~ is given, for the latter an ointment is rubbed on the lower part of the abdomen to relieve the pain in the vagina and to provoke the flow by massage. If kns is here understood in Dr. Gardiner's sense of 'vagina' it would stultify the prescription, for the introduction of an ointment inside the vagina would not relieve, but add to the obstruction. In the same papyrus (Ch. Beatty XII. 6) the association of ~A~ "i:. ~ ~ 'a female disease' with Seth, a male, is curiously reminiscent of 'a female disease' ( B~>.£av voiiaov) inflicted on men in Herodotus r, 105.


NMR images of composite chocolate bars clearly resolve the various components present. Images of melted chocolate demonstrate the ability of NMR imaging to spatially differentiate between cocoa butter in different polymorphic states.


Preamble Pharmacoeconomics and outcome Research is a new branch of science in India involving Medical, Pharmaceutical, Social science. Though it has long history in some other countries but its application is not so popular in the past. This science is in its infancy in India. A few groups including ISPOR-India Regional Chapter are trying to promote this branch of science since 2006 in our country. Pharmacoeconomics refers to the scientific discipline that compares the value of one pharmaceutical drug or drug therapy to another 1,2 . It is a sub-discipline of health economics. A pharmacoeconomic study evaluates the cost (expressed in monetary terms) and effects (expressed in terms of monetary value, efficacy or enhanced quality of life) of a pharmaceutical product. There are several types of pharmacoeconomic evaluation: costminimization analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis. Pharmacoeconomic studies serve to guide optimal healthcare resource allocation, in a standardized and scientifically grounded manner. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is an analytical tool used with increasing frequency to assist decision making in the financing and management of pharmaceutical products in the health care system or national health insurance programs of an individual country. Pharmacoeconomic (PE) guidelines can be used as a standard for preparation of studies to be included in application for reimbursement, a guide for designing and conducting a study, or a template for evaluating the economic study reports.


Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both aging and a wide array of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease,1 Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mitochondrial dysfunction increases with age, leading to high levels of reactive oxygen species and prolonged oxidative stress. Therapeutic approaches that help regulate mitochondrial biogenenesis and mitophagy (a specialized form of autophagy that removes impaired mitochondria) could potentially have positive effects on the early stages and severity of neurodegenerative conditions, as well as supporting healthy aging in general.


Abstract Representativeness has become a keyword in reform projects of global governance. While it often appears as a cure for the legitimacy deficit of international organizations, this notion has hardly been defined at the global level. This article aims at filling this void by providing a socio-historical account of the meanings and uses of this concept based on a comparison of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), two of the oldest organizations in the global arena. Looking at the genesis of both organizations, the article shows that the categories and mechanisms used by international organizations to select their members are embedded in a broader socio-historical, political, and economic context. Moreover, they are subject to contestation and transformation. Representativeness may therefore be used both as a political resource for international players and as an analytical category for the study of the multilateral system over time.


In the present study a various phytochemical compounds that have been isolated from Melia azedarach and showed phytoconstituents from leaves against three of pathogenic fungi are as follows: Alternaria alternate, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Sordaria fimicola. ''The Phytochemical of M. azedarach leaves were exposed to (GC-MS) analysis. The results showed highest activity against reviewed fungal, (Alternaria alternate, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Sordaria fimicola). All three concentrations of extract (20,30,40 mg/ml) in respectively"  were given a results ( 0.00 )mm in the diameter of colonies. The GC-MS analysis of Melia azedarach leaves parts showed the presence of؛ Ethyl methyl phthalate ؛ diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate ؛ Methyl hexadecanoate Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)    ؛ 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester    ؛2-Hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-,(2E,7R,11R)- ؛-9-(Z)-Octadecenoic acid ؛1,16-Hexadecanedicarboxylic acid ؛9(Z),12(E)-Octadecadienoic acid ؛9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol  ؛3-beta-5-alpha-6-beta-trihydroxycholestan  ؛4-Stigmasten-3-one  ؛9,19-Cyclo-9.beta.-lanost-25-en-3.beta.-ol, 24-methyl-, (24S)-  ؛(R,R,R)-alpha-Tocopherol   ؛4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)-1-pentyl-cyclohexene ) ؛4,4-Dimethyl-5-.alpha.-cholestan-3-.beta.-ol   ؛  5alpha-Stigmastan-3,6-dione ؛(22E)-Stigmast-22-en-3-one ؛Cholest-8-en-3.beta.-ol ؛(2-Dodecen-1-yl)succinic anhydride, technical.


Regional architecture research to the essence of the difference will be in control, so as to get to the bottom of its distinctive regional characteristics of the formation of the reasons. This is not blindly follow the mainstream of current research point of regional building, but seize the essence of architecture—space, from the perspective of the space to discuss and analyze the regional characteristics of architecture preliminarily, and explore new ways of regional architecture design.


MPM(Material Point Method)is a new meshless method.Evolving from the Particle-in-Cell method.It takes advantage of both Eulerian and Lagrangian methods,and its background mesh is simply divided.All variables of material points are mapped on to background mesh by shape functions.Strain and stress values of material points under impact load are calculated by governing equations and constitutive relation.The deformation and fracture of continuum are expressed by the material points coordinate,and background mesh is fixed in whole calculation process.The basic theory of MPM is introduced in this paper.Two numerical examples,stress wave propagation in long bar and the damage of concrete wall under impact load,are studied using the method.


Rapid telecommunications developing during previous decades is followed by novel technology systems as well as enlargement of environmental non-ionized radiation level. Emitted electromagnetic signals from base stations are shifted to the higher frequencies range with limited penetrability, requiring additional strength which implicates increasing risk for human health. The present research shows the stage of electromagnetic pollution from exposed locations in the vicinity of the elementary school in Banja Luka, obtained both by experimental measurements and theoretical estimations. For theoretical prediction, a new upgraded software was developed for visualization in two and three dimensions of real space, where calculations are performed including all fundamental characteristics of the antenna along with environment characteristics.


When pea seeds were imbibed in water without their seed coats, vital staining revealed that cells on the abaxial surface of the cotyledons were dead. No damage occurred on the surface of cotyledons when the seeds were imbibed intact, or beneath the testa when only half of the testa was removed. Cell death occurred as a result of rapid water uptake within the first 2 min of imbibition, since reducing the rate of imbibition in solutions of Carbowax 4000 lessened the damage. Cell death was restricted to the outer layers of the cotyledons; inner tissues remained alive. These observations supported the hypothesis that rapid early leakage during imbibition of dry embryos resulted from the death of cells caused by the physical disruption of membranes. Imbibition damage resulted in reduced respiration and germination, a decline in the rate of food reserve transfer from the cotyledons to the growing axis, and a lower growth rate in the seedlings produced. Greater sensitivity of embryos to imbibition damage at low temperature, and similarities between features of imbibition damage and chilling injury led to the suggestion that so-called chilling injury is the result of imbibition damage rather than the effects of low temperature. INTRODUCTION Solute leakage from plant material into water has been said to reflect the state of cell membranes (Laties, 1964; Simon, 1974), and on the basis of this view poor retention of solutes resulting in high leakage from imbibing pea embryos (Pisum sativum) has been regarded as the result of either damaged (Larson, 1968) or incomplete (Simon and Raja Harun, 1972) membranes. Larson (1968) noted high leakage from dry pea embryos during the first few hours in water which did not occur from seeds imbibed intact. He attributed the high leakage to disruption of cell membranes as a result of the rapid inrush of water. More recently, Simon and Raja Harun (1972) observed that the high leakage from dry embryos declined within the first few minutes of imbibition to a lower constant level. They proposed (Simon and Raja Harun, 1972; Simon, 1974) that, in the dry seed, membrane phospholipids adopt the porous hexagonal arrangement described by Luzzati and Husson (1962), so that leakage occurs rapidly when the dry seed is first placed in water but further leakage is restricted by reformation of the normal bilayer structure of the membranes following rehydration. This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Fri, 09 Sep 2016 04:18:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1216 Powell and Matthews—Imbibition by Pea Embryos In view of the conflicting hypotheses of Larson (1968) and Simon and Raja Harun (1972), the present paper describes experiments which attempted to clarify the influence of water uptake on solute leakage during the early stages of imbibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaching of electrolytes from weighed single seeds into 20 ml deionized water at 20 °C was determined by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soak water after 24 h. The testae were then removed and the cotyledons separated and placed in a 1% (w/v) solution of 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) for 3 h at 20 °C. The staining of the abaxial surface of the cotyledons was assessed. The rate of imbibition of individual weighed seeds was examined in 20 ml water or in a solution of polyethylene glycol in water. The polyethylene glycol solutions were obtained using Carbowax (George Gurr Ltd.) with an average molecular weight of 4000. At predetermined intervals, the seeds were removed, blotted dry, weighed, and returned to the imbibing solution. When the seeds were imbibed in water, the electrical conductivity of the soak water was measured after the final weighing. Changes in weight due to imbibition were expressed in terms of an increase in the percentage moisture content (expressed as a percentage of seed wet weight). The respiration rate was measured by oxygen uptake at 20 °C in a Gilson Differential Respirometer. Carbon dioxide was absorbed by a solution of 10% (w/v) potassium hydroxide in the centre well of each flask. Samples of three seeds were placed in 17 ml reaction vessels with 0-5 ml distilled water. Two flasks containing potassium hydroxide, and a volume of water equivalent to the volume of three pea seeds plus 0-5 ml, were included in each measurement, following the recommendation of Carver and Gloyne (1971). Seeds were allowed to equilibrate for 1 h at 20 °C, after which readings were taken at 15 min intervals for a further hour. The viability of seeds and growth rates of the seedlings were measured after imbibition treatments. Seeds were planted in trays of sand at 11% moisture content, and the trays placed in polythene bags in the dark at 20 °C. Seeds were removed from each treatment after 3, 5, 7, and 10 d, and the dry weights of cotyledons, plumule, and radicle of each seed determined by drying in an oven at 105 °C for 48 h. The number of seeds germinating were also counted at these times.


This thesis has three main purposes:

1. To establish an engineering computation procedure for predicting C[subscript M]( c. g.) as a function of C[subscript L] and power conditions for a multi-engine monoplane of conventional configuration with tractor propellers mounted on and forward of the wing from a given curve of C[subscript M] as a function of C[subscript L] for the power-off condition.

2. To recommend aircraft configurations which will minimize destabilizing effect of power.

3. To provide a physical explanation of the effect of power on stability.

Calculated C[subscript M] vs. C[subscript L] curves are compared with "matched-power" wind tunnel model test results. The agreement is good for all-right-hand rotation of propellers but unsatisfactory for other rotation modes.


AbstractThe modern study of cities and towns in Chinese history has taken several forms. Best established in traditional scholarship, but not without important recent examples as well, are the ANTIQUARIAN studies (antiquarian is a word not used by this author in a disparaging sense) of memorable associations of persons with events and places which make heavy use of belletristic as well as standard historical documentation to recreate the city that exists, or until recently still existed, in the shared consciousness of its inhabitants. In some instances that "shared consciousness" was or is shared far beyond the particular site, to become an important constituent of the regional or national sense of the living past. It could contribute multifariously to the way people lived their lives. In addition to accomplishing that primary, nowadays increasingly obsolescent purpose, it is important to note that the antiquarian studies also can be drawn upon for the verification of all kinds of facts pertinent to other...


Abstract Compo-casting method is one of the popular techniques to produce metal-based matrix composites. But one of the main challenges in this process is un-uniform spreading of reinforced subdivisions (particles) inside the metallic matrix and the lack of desirable mechanical properties of the final produced composites due to the low bonding strength among the metal matrix and reinforcement particles. To remove these difficulties and to promote the mechanical properties of these kind of composites, the accumulative press bonding (WAPB) technique as a supplementary technique to heighten the mechanical and microstructural evolution of the casted Al/TiO2 composite bars was utilized as a novelty in this study. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of these composites have been compared with various WAPB steps using tensile test, average Vickers micro hardness test, wear test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results revealed that during the higher APB steps, big titanium dioxide (TiO2) clusters are broken and the TiO2 particles are distributed uniformly. It was shown that cumulating the forming steps improved the mechanical properties of the composites. In general, combined compo-casting and APB process would consent making Al/TiO2 composites with high consistency and good microstructural and mechanical properties.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for uniformly charging a battery cell and a control method thereof are provided to improve the charging efficiency of a battery stack by supplying the overcharged power of the batter cell to a battery stack again. CONSTITUTION: A DC/DC converter(130) is arranged on each battery cell and changes the charging voltage from a battery cell. A DC storage unit(140) stores the output power which is converted and boosted by a DC/DC converter. A recovery path unit(160) supplies power stored in the DC storage unit to a battery pack. A cell voltage measuring unit measures the charging voltage of the battery cell. A cell selection controller selects the battery cell which is overcharged or shortly charged according to the measured result.


In this article the author analyzes research works devoted to the creation of the Volga hydropower cascade in 1930-1980s. E. Burdin describes three historiographic periods which reflect major tendencies in studying the problem. The author concludes that the Volga region hydropower construction was studied basically by representatives of technical, natural and economic sciences, as well as archeologists and local history specialists. Complex historical analysis of the problem was not undertaken.


Background: Due to the COVID 19 pandemic, all the universities worldwide are experiencing a paradigm shift to online learning. Baby boomers and Generation X need to cope with the challenging transformation, so an emerging need for a faculty development program was needed towards achieving the goal of that transformation. Objectives: To describe and assess an inverted virtual faculty development program (VFDP) that was designed and implemented for the first time in the school to equip educators with the necessary technology competencies for remote online learning. Methods: An interventional prospective study held in a university setting post need analysis conduction to prioritize the required technological skills for faculty members. The program was designed to integrate five essential skills needed to by faculty members to teach remotely. The intervention comprised attending five virtual sessions after watching a pre-distributed material, then evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model. Results: Almost 81% of faculty members completed the program and 80 % of participants were satisfied with the content of the program. There was a statistically significant difference between the perceived ability of the participants to share and record video lectures before and after the VFDP (p value <0.001). The percentage of the departments that applied the program components showed that 96% of them were able to record lectures. In addition, 80% of them were able to develop online quizzes. Conclusion: The inverted virtual faculty development program (VFDP) has supported the participating faculty in developing their needed technological competencies required to bridge the gap of remote teaching/learning. © 2022, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.


To ascertain the prevalence and distribution of ticks in the southern marginal zone of the Gurbantonggut Desert,11 places were studied.The result showed that 2776 ticks that were captured belong to 4 genera,11 species.And the structure community and the geographical distribution of ticks in the desert zone of Mosuowan,the drought zone of Karamay and the land reclamation area of Anjihai and the grassland of Jinghe were ascertained on the whole.The community structure was analyzed,and the dominant species were ascertained in the Gurbantonggut Desert,which are H.detritum detritum,H.asiaticum asiaticum,H.asiaticam,H.scuperse,and in the land reclamation area and the grassland area,which are D.niveus,H.detritum detritum,H.asiaticum asiaticum,H.asiaticam,H.scuperse.


People have gained a world of improvement on the research of telomerase in oral squamous cell carcinoma,along with the cognition to the mankind.This text review from multide aspects,for example molecular biology,oncology,to offer some beneficial clues for the future research.


Background. With the spread of the contagious disease of COVID-19, the necessity of quarantine came to prevent the transmission of the disease. For this reason, patients suffered from social isolation. On the other hand, in order to control and treat the disease, it was necessary to provide self-care training. The present study was designed with the aim of comparison of the effect of self-care training program in two methods of multi-media education and tele-nursing on social isolation in patients with COVID-19 in Bandar Abbas city. Methods. This study was performed as a quasi-experimental study on 88 patients with COVID-19 referred to comprehensive health service centers in Bandar Abbas in 2021. The research samples were selected through convenience method and were divided into two groups of multimedia training and tele-nursing using block random allocation. First, social isolation in patients with COVID-19 was assessed using the questionnaire in two groups and then self-care training was provided using multimedia and tele-nursing methods. At the end of day twenty-one, social isolation was measured again and the data was entered into SPSS software version 26 and analyzed. Results. There was no significant difference in pre-intervention assessment in term of social isolation score between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of the multiple covariance analysis test showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test of each dimension of social isolation, the mean score of the loneliness, social disability, social anxiety and social tolerance dimensions after the intervention in the telenursing group was significantly lower than that of the multimedia group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Educational methods such as multimedia education and tele-nursing for awareness and self-care education, along with other medical care, can reduce social isolation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a self-care education program and provide information about the necessary care during COVID-19 disease for patients in comprehensive health service centers and to use tele-nursing for more effective self-care education. Practical Implications. Research findings can be applied in self-care training programs in infectious diseases such as COVID-19.


The ammoniate [Ni(NH3)6]C60·6NH3 is prepared from K2C60via cation exchange in liquid ammonia; the structure of the compound is determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.


We give a list of possibilities for surfaces of general type with pg = 0 having an involution i such that the bicanonical map of S is not composed with i and S/i is not rational. Some examples with K2 = 4, …, 7 are constructed as double coverings of an Enriques surface. These surfaces have a description as bidouble coverings of the plane.


This article discusses the results of a study of the quality of honey from different apiaries of the Central agroecological zone of Yakutia. The data of organoleptic evaluation of honey samples are given. The mass fractions of water, mass fractions of recoding sugars, sucrose and insoluble substances in both samples comply with the standards. The diastase number in honey samples is higher than standard indicators, which with the above organoleptic and other physico-chemical indicators confirm the quality and high biological activity. Keywords: BEE COLONIES, APIARY, AGROECOLOGICAL ZONE, HONEY, HONEY PRODUCTIVITY, ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL INDICATORS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY


Despite the plethora of empirical studies on the effects of CEO succession on the organization, we know very little about the mechanism through which the origin of the new CEO impacts the strategic course of actions at the firm-level. Drawing from the attention-based perspective of firms, we argue that the relationship between the origin of a new CEO and organizational attention is influenced by the predecessor's performance and status. Our empirical results suggest that firm with new outsider CEOs indeed exhibited less "attentional stickiness" at the firm-level; however, the level of attentional stickiness actually increased when the predecessor CEO's performance was high. Moreover, we find that the status of the predecessor moderates this effect of prior performance. Specifically, an outsider CEO would lead to the highest level of firm-level attentional stickiness when both predecessor's performance and status are high. The results of this study shed light on the interlinkages between CEO turnover and t...


In piezoelectric device applications, it is important to improve a system efficiency because of the low generated power. In this paper, an optimal driving method is proposed to improve a system efficiency for a piezoelectric energy harvesting system. The proposed method considers disappear energy in...


Computers have become an integral tool for use by police officers in performing their daily duties. However, little has been done to incorporate training on the use of these important tools in basic police academies and in-service training. This article details the need for integration of computer training in curricula of police academies to improve computer literacy among police officers. Models for successful curriculum integration are discussed and recommendations are provided for reducing the barriers to computer related training.


More than thirteen years ago, an accidental circumstance directed my attention to the investigation of position in labor; and pro foundly impressed with the necessity of more definite views among accouchers as to the best position, and the ease and certainty with which it can usually be ascertained, I feel it a duty to make known the result of my in vestigations. Opportunities for observation in private practice are not equal to a large lying-inhospital, but they have been sufficient to con vince me that there is a more excellent way than that of guess-work, or convenience, as to the position of a parturient woman. Such experience has also taught me that, in the majority of cases, the proper position can be determined with almost mathematical accu racy, and as one result, the duration of the labor will often be materially shortened. Text books and obstetric teachings — at least all within my acquaintance — have little that is satisfactory and definite upon the sub ject. Such fact proves (1) that position is considered of minor importance, or else (2) it is not well understood. This state of things is unfavorable to obstetric science, un satisfactory to the young practitioner, and most unfortunate to suffering woman. Cannot the accoucher be furnished with unfailing directions, in each particular case, as to the position that will cause the labor to be the safest, easiest and quickest possible ? I believe that not only possible, but within the easy comprehension of every physician of ordinary capacity, and who carefully studies the subject. Doubtless many cases do equally well when the position is decided wholly by accidental circumstances. Among the things that are important at the beginning of every labor may be mentioned the proper evacuation of the bowels — a free enema of tepid water, or of salt or soap in water, being advantageous in the majority of cases. The bladder should be frequently evacuated, the clothing loose, and the under-garments so arranged as not to require changing after delivery ; the feet kept warm, the head cool, the room quiet and well ventilated. A bed—not of feathers — or a broad lounge should be in readiness. During the early stage of labor no restric tion of movement should be attempted; but moderate exercise, especially walking, should be encouraged,and insisted upon in some cases, until it becomes painful or uncomfortable. An early examination is to be recom mended. When the os is so high as to be reached with difficulty, it is not possible, in all cases, to decide as to the precise presenta tion, and, of course, not as to the best future position ; but as the case progresses, and usu ally long before the rupture of the membrane, it is easy to decide as to the proper position. A patient's choice is often wrong, hence the need of deciding for her. The philosophy of position is based upon gravity and muscular action, including con traction and relaxation. The key-note, or axiom, so to speak, of correct position, is the fact that the fundus of the gravid uterus, in its normal state, is movable to a certain ex tent in nearly all cases, when not obstructed. The field for the application of this principle is almost unlimited, and will vary to some extent in every individual case.


Improving the quality of education is constantly done, both conventionaly
and innovatively. In educational reform, the main issue that need to be highlighted
is the curriculum. and one of the implemented curriculum is KTSP. In KTSP, the
ability of English teachers is crucial in developing its curriculum. Therefore, the
English teachers' perception about the implementation of KTSP need to reveal.
The aim of the research was to find out English teachers' perception on the
implementation of KTSP. The research was carried out in July 2016 at State
Junior High Schools in Bukateja. The subjects were 12 English teachers. The
research was descriptive and the instrument used was closed questionnare. The
result revealed that English teachers had positively perception on the
implementation of KTSP. The results were as follow; in The Basic Concept and
Scope of KTS 68 % teachers agreed; in The Learning Process 75 % agreed; and in
The Assessment System in KTSP 75 % teachers' agreed.


In a wireless communication system, the channel is ever changing due to multipath properties such as excess delays and constructive and destructive interference. In a step to optimize system performance, it would be beneficial to have access to channel state information of both present subchannels' future development and subchannels outside the currently used frequency interval. In this thesis, radio channels for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is concerned. Channels are modelled and a prediction algorithm appli-cable in time or frequency direction of the frequency response is developed. The algorithm derives an autoregressive (AR) model of the channel and exploits the close connection between prediction of a time discrete signal and an autoregres-sive process. The great over sampling at the receiver, compared to the maximum Doppler shift or maximum excess delay of the channel, yields it feasible to derive the model with decreased sampling rate and thus only use pilot symbols. This rate reduction gives longer accurate predictions but also an interpolation issue that is solved by Wiener filters. The mean performance of the approach is evaluated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) of predictions as functions of various channel and algorithm parameters. Simulations show that the algorithm is able to predict several coherence times or coherence bandwidths of a channel. The algorithm is also extended to use several OFDM symbols and an averaging finite impulse response (FIR) filter, yielding a considerable increase in prediction performance. It is also appraised as a tool for adaptive symbol mapping in a frequency interval not currently used. Results show an opportunity of substantially higher data throughput than for a mapping scheme based on the mean SNR of the channel.


Creative thinking measurement for everyone in different domains is the most crucial critical subject. Therefore, the current discussion continues whether creativity in various fields different.This study aimed to measurement the students' creative thinking scores in various domains disciplines to reveal differences. The main research question was as followed: Do whether students'creative thinking scores of students in art and non-art education differ significantly? The method was a causal-comparative research design. Participant students (N = 456, meanage = 16–21) were equivalent regarding some variations; as education disciplines and ages. While however, the art and non-art education students were the domain-specific was art education students, the and domaingeneral,was non-art education students respectively. The present study determined a significant difference between domain-specific and domain-general on creative thinking scores in favor of the non-art education students in the range of ages 16 to 21. The study concluded that alternative instruments with domain-specific content needed to measure individuals' creative thinking in the domain-specific. This study suggested future research to conduct creativity measurement comparatively individuals in different age ranges and domains fields.


Banks are financial institutions that have a function as an intermediary between the two parties such as those who need capital and those who have excessive capital. This study aims to analyze the significant influence of LDR, IPR, NPL, APB, IRR, BOPO, and FBIR simultaneously and partially. This study uses secondary data taken from the financial statements of the National Bank Go Public from the first quarter of 2014 to the fourth quarter of 2018. The sample of this study is Bank Agris, Bank Bumi Arta, Bank Ina Perdana and Bank Yudha Bhakti. Multiple regression analysis is used for analysis. The results of this study indicate that LDR, IPR, NPL, APB, IRR, BOPO, and FBIR simultaneously have a significant effect on ROA. However, only NPL and BOPO partially have a significant influence on ROA. BOPO is the variable with the largest contribution of 55.50 percent.

Keyword : Return on Assets, LDR, IPR, APB, NPL, IRR, BOPO, FBIR


Pot experiment was conducted during kharif season 2014 at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad to know the allelopathic effect of summer sunflower on germination, emergence and vigour index of succeeding kharif mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under varied sowing periods. Seed germination (89.17 %) and vigour index (3167.58 at 20 DAS) were significantly higher in kharif mungbean sown in soil from summer fallow land (CS2) over kharif mungbean sown in rhizosphere soil from summer sunflower grown plot (CS1). Among the sowing periods, the crop sown after six weeks of harvest of sunflower (D6) recorded significantly higher seed germination (92.50 %) and vigour index (3366.2 at 20 DAS) over others. The interaction of these two factors was also superior over others.


The author had the opportunity to study a large collection of plankton tubes or pelagic marine copepods, collected in the Nha Trang region (Vietnam-South). Many of these individuals belong to the group Monstrillides.


With the booming of big-data applications, cognitive information processing systems that leverage advanced data processing technologies, e.g., machine learning and data mining, are widely used in many industry fields. Although these technologies demonstrate great processing capability and accuracy in the relevant applications, several security and safety challenges are also emerging against these learning based technologies. In this paper, we will first introduce several security concerns in cognitive system designs. Some real examples are then used to demonstrate how the attackers can potentially access the confidential user data, replicate a sensitive data processing model without being granted the access to the details of the model, and obtain some key features of the training data by using the services publically accessible to a normal user. Based on the analysis of these security challenges, we also discuss several possible solutions that can protect the information privacy and security of cognitive systems during different stages of the usage.


In this paper, the design and implementation of a wind turbine emulator for a stand-alone system is presented. There is a need for a testing platform for the wind turbine in order to improve the de...


The results of field geological-lithodynamic and geomorphological studies and the review of published data have been used to analyze the structure of the North-Eastern Black Sea coastal shelf zone. Three main parts of this zone have been recognized: inner (coastal), central, and outer parts. Specific features of their structure are discussed. The main factors controlling the intensity and direction of sedimentation, loose material transport, and bottom relief formation are named.


The present study demonstrated that hepatitis B virus(HBV)impairing renal cells directly was one of the pathogenesis of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis.HBV can replicate in situ after infecting renal cells,and produce HBAg and HBVx harming renal cells which were involved in the pathogensis of HBV-associated glomerulonephritis,inducing renal mesangial cells to proliferate and produce more inflammation cytokines.It can promote the apoptosis of podocytes by altering the level of cell cycle regulatory protein.It can induce the apoptosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells by activating some cell signaling pathways.


The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model to facilitate the development of collaboration within virtual teams. The model claims that a high level of communication through ICT is an important antecedent for collaboration mediated by the level of trust among the team. Furthermore and according to the model, Team Leaders can have a major impact on the communication effectiveness and on the level of team trust.


This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the willingness to pay taxes on taxpayers of individuals who perform free work in the office of KPP Pratama Pekalongan. The variables in this study are taxpayer willingness as dependent variable knowledge of taxation regulation, understanding of tax regulation, good perception on tax system and level of trust to government system and law as independent variable. The population in this study were free workers registered in KPP pratama stem. The sample used in this research is as many as 63 respondents are free workers registered in KPP pratama stem. Meanwhile, to answer the hypothesis in this research is done classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. The result of the research shows that variable knowledge of tax regulations, understanding of tax regulations, a good perception of the effectiveness of the taxation system has a significant effect on willingness to pay taxes but for the level of trust in the government and the legal system has no significant effect on willingness to pay taxes. Keywords: knowledge of tax regulations, understanding of tax laws, good perceptions of the effectiveness of the tax system and the degree of confidence in government and legal systems.


We describe two topologies on the space of unbounded Fredholm operators and we explain their K-theoretic relevance. In the process we also prove a very general result concerning the continuity of families of first order, elliptic boundary value problems.


Purpose

Currently, there are some finite element head models developed by research groups all around the world. Nevertheless, the majority are not geometrically accurate. One of the problems is the brain geometry, which usually resembles a sphere. This may raise problems when reconstructing any event that involves brain kinematics, such as accidents, affecting the correct evaluation of resulting injuries. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a new finite element head model more accurate than the existing ones.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, a new and geometrically detailed finite element brain model is proposed. Special attention was given to sulci and gyri modelling, making this model more geometrically accurate than currently available ones. In addition, these brain features are important to predict specific injuries such as brain contusions, which usually involve the crowns of gyri.

Findings

The model was validated against experimental data from impact tests on cadavers, comparing the intracranial pressure at frontal, parietal, occipital and posterior fossa regions.

Originality/value

As this model is validated, it can be now used in accident reconstruction and injury evaluation and even as a design tool for protective head gear.


Investigations on the Charge-Transfer Interaction of Phenols with Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE)

The donor properties of some phenol derivatives were determined by measuring the UV/Vis spectra of their CT complexes with tetracyanoethylene in 1,2-dichloroethane and acetonitrile at room temperature. The ionization potentials of the phenolic compounds have been calculated by using the longest visible charge-transfer absorption of the donor-acceptor complex by linear correlation analysis. The charge-transfer spectra are discussed in dependence on the ring substituents in terms of electronic and steric factors. Increasing donor strength of the substituents decreases the ionization potential of the phenols as demonstrated by an LFE relationship using the Hammett constants. However, ortho donor substituents enhance the donor strength of the aromatic ring as well.


By means of microcontrollers and a model, the proposed intelligent neighborhood design for the Solanda Sector No. 3 of the Metropolitan District of Quito is explained, by performing a study analysis of the various technologies available in the national and international markets. The present project is divided in 4 chapters, in order to detail the process for the achievement of the objectives set. Chapter 1 is based on the theoretical foundations of the components of a home automation system, features, features, protocols, means of transmission, technologies and main manufacturers that form a Smart City, in order to understand the operation and application of proposed design. Chapter 2, the design and construction of the model, is done by selecting electronic devices and elements to be used in the assembly of the prototype, by means of network configuration, application configuration, diagrams of a home automation system And installation of devices in the prototype. Chapter 3 consists of verifying the feasibility results of the design, networking equipment, switches, routers, IP cameras and accessories. Together with a proforma of equipment, materials and accessories for a future implementation. Chapter 4 presents the conclusions and recommendations obtained during the development of the project.


The statistical performance of parametric control charts is questionable when the underlying process does not follow any specified probability distribution. Nonparametric control charts are the best substitute for this situation. On the other hand, the ranked set sampling technique is preferred over the simple random sampling technique because it reduces the variability of process parameters and improves the control chart's performance. This study aims to offer a nonparametric double homogeneously weighted moving average control chart under Wilcoxon signed-rank test considering the ranked set sampling technique (regarded as

 NPDHWMA

 RSS

 ), to further enhance the process location monitoring. The proposed chart's run-length performance is compared with competing control charts, such as DEWMA-

 X
 ¯

 , NPDEWMA-SR, NPRDEWMA-SR, DHWMA, and

 NPHWMA

 RSS

 control charts. The comparison revealed that the proposed

 NPDHWMA

 RSS

 control chart outperformed the other competing control charts, particularly for small to moderate shifts in process location. Finally, a real-life application is also offered for quality practitioners to show the strength of the proposed control chart.


The invention discloses a multiple-needle large-flow high-pressure fluid atomizer which comprises a valve body and a valve rod. A feeding port and a discharging port for high-pressure fluid are arranged on the valve body. The multiple-needle large-flow high-pressure fluid atomizer is characterized in that the discharging port refers to at least two conical spraying holes, at least two conical valve needles corresponding to the conical spraying holes are arranged on one end face of the valve rod, a sealing ring is arranged on a column face at the other end of the valve rod, a spring and a piston are arranged between the other end face of the valve rod and the valve body, an internal thread is arranged on an end cover of the valve body, and one bolt is screwed in the internal thread and penetrates the end cover of the valve body to be abutted against the piston.


Recent Neoproterozoic climate modelling experiments using different sea ice components have yielded opposing results. Here we have attempted to reconcile these differences through the implementation of various representations of sea ice in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model. In particular, using a sea ice model similar to that of the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model version 1.4, global glaciation is not achievable, whereas it occurs with an energy‐conserving version of a more physically complete thermodynamic model. We argue that using a physically incomplete representation of sea ice may be a major factor in the inability of some previous coupled models to simulate global glaciations.