The computer monitoring and control system of the Gaobazhou ship lift is made up of local control units, communication network and upper computers. The composition of the system is introduced briefly, and the function design and realization are described in detail. The functions of the upper computer system are as follows: accessing right setting and safe closedown, monitoring and simulation of the ship lift system operation, data collection and database management, fault alarm and accident retrospect, table management and printing, machine action overtime protection, expert prompt and accident guidance, etc. The network debugging methods for the computer monitoring and control system are introduced in the end.


Taurine (2-amino-ethanesulfonic acid) is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from cysteine and methionine metabolism. Its common name derives from the ox, as it was first isolated from the bile of an ox (Froger et al., 2014). The molecular structure of taurine differs from that of amino acids by the presence of a sulfonic acid, instead of the more common carboxylic acid group in the structure of amino acids. Despite this, taurine is considered a non-essential amino acid because it can be synthesized endogenously in the liver of most mammals. However, the endogenous synthesis of taurine is insufficient to supply the needs and most of it is obtained through diet.


OBJECTIVES: To assess the state-trait anxiety and the academic stress in first and sixth year medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a cross-section...


The chief cause of erratic results when field gradients are measured in an electrolytic tank by means of closely spaced probes is shown to be variability of the meniscus near the probes. A new form of tank is described in which measurements are made by capillary probes in a plane defined by an insulating surface, thereby eliminating the meniscus effects present when the probes are placed in a free surface.


Native Peoples have historically populated several regions in the Arctic. Besides their similar lifestyles, these communities have experienced different situations that have shaped the divergent socio-cultural features that define their status nowadays. This way, the interaction with different civilisations has shaped their present agency. Indigenous Peoples in Norway are known as Sami. They live as well in Sweden, Finland and the peninsula of Kola in Russia. In Alberta, Canada, Aboriginal Peoples constitute three main groups: Inuit, Métis, and First Nations. The aim of this paper is to report how these Indigenous groups are represented in the current national curriculum for education in Norway and in the provincial curriculum for education in Alberta. The competence aims defined for both official documents were searched and the topics that address Indigenous Peoples' issues were classified and analysed within the theoretical framework of decolonisation. The results obtained may serve as a source for reference in future reforms of the education curricula in the task of turning the education system into an inclusive space that promotes equal opportunities for all children.


At present,anxiety is the biggest emotional hindrance for teachers and students in college English learning and teaching.Music therapy can effectively relieve the college students′ English test anxiety,and promote students′ English examination achievement.The music therapy also has influence on the ability of controlling other negative emotions.


We derive the explicit formulas of the probability generating
functions of the first hitting times of simple random walks on
graphs with congestion points using group representations.


Purpose Furosemide bioavailability is limited by poor solubility and permeability. This study aimed to compare coprecipitation, kneading, and solvent evaporation as solubility and dissolution improvement techniques. Materials and methods Products were prepared with furosemide : polyvinylpyrrolidone : lactose at 1 : 1 : 2, 1 : 2 : 3, 1 : 3 : 4, 1 : 1 : 4, 1 : 2 : 6, 1 : 3 : 8 by coprecipitation, kneading, solvent evaporation or physical blending. They were characterized for physicochemical properties and interaction. Solubilities of furosemide from products were evaluated in water and n-octanol. Dissolution studies on the products were conducted in 0.1 N HCl using USP apparatus II. Results Solubility of pure furosemide was lowest in n-octanol (11.86 μg/ml) and highest in PBS (28.68 μg/ml). Infrared spectra revealed that characteristic peaks in pure furosemide were retained in its formulations, indicating chemical compatibility of furosemide and the excipients. Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of furosemide showed a melting point at 220°C, which disappeared in its formulations − attributable to amorphization of the drug or overshadow by excipients. Furosemide significantly partitioned more (P<0.05) into water than into n-octanol. Batch 1 : 3 : 4 formulations gave the best partitioning of drug into the solvents, and was in the following order: solvent evaporation>kneading>physical mixtures>coprecipitation. Cumulative amount of furosemide dissolved from pure sample was 8%, whereas amounts from formulations were significantly higher (P<0.05). Coprecipitation products displayed the poorest profiles, kneading gave better profiles, but lagged behind solvent evaporation, whose products' dissolution profiles were significantly better (P<0.05) than other products studied. Conclusion All the methods improved the solubilities and dissolution profiles of furosemide to various degrees; however, solvent evaporation method was the best.


......................................................................................................................ii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... v CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES ............................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ x


The present study deals with the analysis of elastic strains and stresses in high-quality heteroepitaxial Mo/Ni superlattices with periods Λ lying in the range 4.8–27.6 nm. The strain-stress state in this lattice-mismatched system grown under energetic deposition conditions (ion beam sputtering) is rather complex, resulting from three contributions: (i) intrinsic (growth) stress due to atomic peening, (ii) coherency stresses of opposite sign in the two elemental layers due to the observed Nishiyama–Wassermann epitaxial relationship Ni[11¯0](111)∥Mo[001](110), and (iii) interfacial mixing. The measurement of the lattice parameters of Mo and Ni sublayers in various crystallographic directions was performed by x-ray diffraction, using the sin2 ψ method adapted for epitaxial layers. A large anisotropy of elastic strain and associated in-plane coherency stresses is revealed in the Mo sublayers, while for Ni sublayers no such behavior could be detected due to the superimposition of growth variants with threefol...


Being a woman of color in higher education has never been easy, yet, in this historical moment, it has become even more difficult. In addition to endemic diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues facing higher-education institutions—such as the underrepresentation of minorities, the struggle for equitable outcomes in retention and graduation rates, and pervasive organizational climates that offer access but not belonging—the evolving context of the United States is creating a greater sense of dislocation and insecurity at pedagogical and social levels. In a season when it seems the credibility and contributions of minorities are openly questioned in some circles to sanction nativism and the rabid exclusionary needs of the radical right, it feels like the stakes are higher. Many years ago, while I was completing a study exploring diversity and equity issues, one of the participants described the challenge of feeling pressured to conform to a default "white setting" in higher education. For those like me who are underrepresented, this pressure has often manifested as an uncomfortable struggle between asserting one's unique identity or simply "fitting in" and "playing the game" to graduate, become tenured, or just make it through the next faculty meeting (Oliha 2011). Yet this enduring struggle is only the foreground of a more complex societal problem that is playing out on the national stage today. In the background is a ubiquitous historical legacy of racial hierarchy, a colonializing social order created to discipline and control minoritized bodies, and economic imperatives met through this problematic ordering of


Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in the US and other industrialized countries. Untreated OSA is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, poor workplace productivity, increased health care utilization, and higher risk of motor vehicle accidents. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a commonly used treatment for OSA. CPAP nonadherence continues to be a major problem in clinical practice.

Methods
Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is an alternative option for management of OSA and has been shown to be safe and effective. This therapy involves electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve to facilitate airway opening in the oropharynx.

Results
Although the UAS device is implanted by a surgeon in the operating room, the nonsurgical sleep medicine provider can play an important role in this type of therapy.

Conclusions
This article outlines opportunities for a nonsurgical physician to become a leader in development of an institutional UAS program.


Objective To construct the physical model simulating cerebrospinal fluid distribution changes and perform EIT experimental analysis.Methods Different agar blocks were used to simulate blood and cerebrospinal fluid.The influences of cerebrospinal fluid distribution on cerebral hemorrhage imaging were studied by the imaging experiments with the epicranial cerebrospinal fluid exhausted or un-exhausted after cerebral hemorrhage.Results The intracranial hematoma changed the distribution of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid,and the head EIT imaging was also influenced.Conclusion The intracranial hematoma may make the cerebrospinal fluid re-distributed,and then pose its influence on EIT imaging.


The molecules of two polymers, when reaching the point at which the distance between dispersed molecules in dilute solution is of the order of their diameters, will undergo strong mutual attraction or repulsion according to their compatibility. These interactions between molecules lead to changes of the effective hydrodynamic volume of the molecules, which will influence the viscosity. In the plot of reduced viscosity against concentration, the slope of the curve may decrease or increase according to the compatibility of the polymers. This change of slope in a ternary system can be used as a criterion to determine polymer-polymer compatibility. The effectiveness of this criterion is verified by the results on the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-poly (e -caprolactone) (PCL)-N,N' -dimethylformamide (DMF) system at 25°C, and other systems such as polystyrene (PS) and poly(methylmethacylate) (PMMA) in benzene at 30°C. The theoretical background of several other methods to determine polymer-polymer compatibility by viscosity is also discussed.


Information on depth of oxycline is critical not only for understanding magnitude and extent of the hypoxic zone but also for specifying potential fishing zones on operational basis. We analysed Argo-oxygen data from the northern Indian Ocean, along with sea level anomaly (SLA) data from altimeter, to demonstrate the correlation between depths of oxycline, thermocline and SLA. Our analysis suggests that observed variability in oxycline depth is mainly governed by physical processes such as vertical movement in the thermocline depth in the northern Indian Ocean basin. There exists strong positive correlations between depths of thermocline, oxycline and SLA. Oxycline depth and SLA are highly correlated in the Arabian Sea, but the correlation between the two is weaker in the Bay of Bengal and equatorial Indian Ocean. We propose a regression equation between SLA and oxycline depth, which may be used to estimate the depth at which water is oxygen deficient (through oxycline) in the northern Indian Ocean.


Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is suggested to be effective in chronic pain and migraine, however, with variable efficacy regarding different clinical conditions and variable response between individuals. We hypothesised that the mechanism of BoNT/A action and efficacy in pain reduction might be associated with capsaicin-sensitive neurons. To target capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents, rat trigeminal sensory ganglion was desensitized with high-dose intraganglionic capsaicin (2%). Effect of BoNT/A (peripheral facial injection) on orofacial formalin-induced pain was assessed in desensitized vs. vehicle-treated animals. In a mouse model of complete Freund's adjuvans (CFA)-induced hind paw-inflammation, antinociceptive effect of BoNT/A (s.c.) was examined in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) gene knockout animals. In addition, role of substance P and its postsynaptic receptor in BoNT/A's antinociceptive action was examined in tachykinin-1 and neurokinin-1 receptor gene knockout animals. BoNT/A antinociceptive activity in phase II hyperalgesic behavior in orofacial formalin test was prevented by capsaicin-induced desensitization of trigeminal afferents. In comparison to wild-type mice, BoNT/A preventive effect on CFA-induced mechanical allodynia was absent in animals deficient in neuronal elements related to capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Our results suggests that BoNT/A antinociceptive action is dependent on TRPV1-expressing (capsaicin-sensitive) neurons and its related presynaptic and postysnaptic elements. We hypothesise that BoNT/A might be more effective in pain disorders involving capsaicin-sensitive neurons, and predict that preserved function of TRPV1- expressing neurons might be necessary for positive response to BoNT/A treatment.


The periodic table consists of about 90 elements that occur naturally ending with element 92 uranium. This lack of precision is deliberate since one or two elements such as technetium were first created artificially and only later found to occur naturally on earth. This kind of occurrence provides a foreshadowing of things to come when we begin to discuss the transuranium elements, meaning those beyond uranium that have been artificially synthesized. Chemists and physicists have succeeded in synthesizing some of the elements that were missing between hydrogen (1) and uranium (92). In addition, they have synthesized a further 25, or so, new elements beyond uranium, although, again, one or two of these elements, like neptunium and plutonium, were later found to exist naturally in exceedingly small amounts. The existence of superheavy elements raises a number of interesting questions that pertain to the field of philosophy of science and also sociology of science. In fact, the very question of whether these superheavy elements actually exist needs to be dissected further, as it will be in the course of this chapter. The synthetic elements are extremely unstable, and only the lightest ones among them have been created in amounts large enough to be observed. Roughly speaking, the heavier the atom, the shorter its lifetime is. For example, the heaviest element for which there is now conclusive evidence is element 118, a few atoms of which have been created in just one single isotope form and with a half-life of less than a millisecond. Laypersons and specialists alike have asked themselves in what sense these elements can really be said to exist. The superheavy elements also have philosophical implications for the study of the periodic system as a whole and the question of whether there is a natural end to chemical periodicity. A related question, which has now become quite pressing, is the possible extension of the periodic table to include a new g-block which in formal terms should begin at element 121.


A new hydrazone N′-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide (H2L), derived from condensation of 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde with 3-methylbenzohydrazide, and its dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex [MoO2L(CH3OH)], have been prepared and characterized by physico-chemical methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The hydrazone coordinates to Mo through the phenolate O, imine N, and enolic O. The Mo is six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral geometry, with the three donors of L and one oxo defining the equatorial plane, and with one methanol and another oxo occupying the axial positions. The bond values especially for those related to the donors in the complex are different from those in H2L.


A display device includes a display panel, a lens module and a driving unit. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form, and each pixel has a plurality of sub-pixels. The lens module is arranged on the display panel, and includes a plurality of lenses having a pitch corresponding to a horizontal pitch of the sub-pixels. The driving unit drives the display panel and the lens module so that an image displayed in the display panel is provided for a left eye of a viewer at a first frame and an image displayed in the display panel is provided for a right eye of the viewer at a second frame. The display device can display a stereoscopic image in a high resolution using the lens module. [Reference numerals] (110) Display panel; (130) Lens module; (150) Driving unit; (170) Lens module control unit; (190) Display driving unit


A majority ofcystic fibrosis (CF) genes (70tD75%) share asingle mutation, buttheremaining 25to30% ofdefects are accounted forby more tkan20 different mutations. One ofthelessfrequent mutations, G551D,hasbeenidentified intheCF genesoftwosibsandone unrelated adult patient. Theadult patient alsohasa second raremutation, AI507.Allthreesubjects exhibit a less severe phenotype thanthat normallyassociated withCF. Thissupportsa hypothesis thatthecommon mutation (AF508) isresponsible forthesevereform ofthedisorder, andtheminority ofpatients with a milder formtendtohavemutations atotherbites in theCF gene. A deletion ofthree basepairs inexon 10ofthegene' hasbeenshowntobetheprimary genetic mutation in 68% ofchromosomes carrying a defective cystic fibrosis (CF)geneinNorthAmerica.2 Thismuitation islikely torepresent more than75%ofCFmutations intheBritish population.3 4 The deleted triplet (AF508) results intheremoval ofa phenylgalanine residue ataminoacidposition 508,whichres:ides in theputative ATP binding region ofthe1480amino acidCF gene product, thecystic fibrosis transmembraneconductance regulator (CFTR).' [twas estimated fromlinkage disequilibrium andhaplotype datathat a small numberoffurther mutation; must exist toaccountfortheremaining 25to30%of defective CF loci inBritain andNorthAmerica.25 However, afurther 20mutations havecurrently been foundwhichtogether makeup no more thana few


The purpose of the article is to investigate and consider the general trends, problems, and prospects of using ontological modeling of learning, training, and education processes in the university.
The research methodology consists in methods of semantic analysis of the basic concepts of the considered subject area (learning, training, and education processes in the university and intelligent technologies). The article discusses approaches to intellectualization education in the university with the help of modern systems that are based on ontological modeling and intelligent technologies.
The scientific novelty of the research is the analysis of the ontological modeling use and intelligent technologies for the intellectualization of learning processes.
Conclusions. The article discusses various aspects related to ontological modeling and intelligent technologies.
The use of ontological modeling in the intellectualization of the higher educational institutions' activities makes it possible to move to the individualization of learning processes, to provide students and teachers with access to the ontology of not only a separate course, but also all courses of the educational and professional program in the relevant direction, to involve employers and other stakeholders in improving the educational process.


Thermal hysteresis in resistivity and magnetization of Pr0.65Ca0.35-xSrxMnO3(x = 0–0.35) manganites has been systematically studied to establish the interplay of their charge and spin-ordering. The increasing Sr concentration (x) transforms the charge-ordered (CO)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating system (for x = 0) into a mixed-phased one (for x = 0.1) with sharp metal–insulator (MI) transition and finally leads to a ferromagnetic (FM) metallic (for x = 0.35) system. It has been found that the interplay of charge and spin-ordering is higher in mixed-phased state and the thermal hysteresis loop area is bigger. It increases with the increase of sharpness of MI transition. Interplay of charge and spin-ordering decreases with the increase of either CO/AFM insulating or FM metallic phase and is almost absent in completely CO/AFM insulating (with x = 0) or FM metallic (with x = 0.35) states bringing about zero thermal hysteresis loop.


Objective: This study was conducted to identify the types of minor ailments encountered by university students in Malaysia and the action taken in response to these ailments.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students from the various faculties in a major private and a public university in Malaysia. A researcher stationed at different areas of the universities to recruit respondents. If the student agreed to participate, he/she would sign a consent form and then self-filled a structured questionnaire.
Results: Of the 856 respondents included in this study, 68.6% were female and 60.6% rated their health status as 'good' or 'very good'. During the one month period prior to the study, 87.4% of the respondents encountered at least one minor ailment. The five most common minor ailments encountered were headache (58.1%), common cold (42.8%), sore throat (42.6%), cough (40.3%) and back pain (27.6%). The main actions taken were rest at home and self-medication. The most common drug used for the treatment of minor ailments was paracetamol (49% of the respondents). Other drugs were used by less than 10% of the respondents. The main source of information was from parents (63.7%), followed by doctors (59.9%), internet (57.9%), pharmacists (33.9%) and friends (33.5%).
Conclusion: Headache is more common among university students compared to the general population. Further studies are required to understand the cause of headache among this population.


The brain tumor (BT) is a severe condition caused by abnormal cell growth. If left untreated, the BT may result in a variety of harsh conditions, including death. As a consequence of the significance of automatic BT detection, several schemes have been developed and implemented in the literature to accurately assess the BT. We propose a method for accurately segmenting brain images from MRI slices in this study. This proposal includes a number of phases, including; (i) collecting and resizing images, (ii) enhancing the image using a selected scheme, (iii) segmenting using ResUnet, and (iv) evaluating and validating the performance. This study examines several brain MRi slices with or without the skull region, and the results are evaluated separately. Based on these outcomes, it is concluded that the proposed ResUnet together with CLAHE provides a significant improvement over other methods concerning Jaccard (>92%), Dice (>95%), and accuracy (>98%).


The term Vulnerable Road Users (VRU's) may be generally defined as the road users who are most at risk for serious injury or death when they are involved in a motor-vehicle-related collision. These include pedestrians of all ages, types and abilities, particularly older pedestrians and people with disabilities. VRU's also include bicyclists and motorcyclists. Older drivers may also be considered to fit into this same user group. In terms of nationwide fatalities, pedestrians account for approximately 4,800 deaths each year, or about 11 % of total traffic fatalities each year, compared to about 700 bicyclist fatalities (2% of total fatalities). The number of motorcyclist fatalities, with approximately 5,200 per year, now exceeds the number of pedestrian traffic fatalities annually. Depending on how someone defines older drivers, more than 5,000 drivers aged 70 and above are also killed on our nation's highways. Therefore, VRU's account for nearly 16,000 highway –related deaths in the U.S. each year. Although there is not good exposure data for pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists on a nationwide basis, the pure numbers of traffic fatalities for VRU's reflects a serious safety problem for which aggressive and innovative solutions are needed. The following is a compilation of four white papers which make up the overall category of Vulnerable Road Users. These include the following topics and authors: 1. Pedestrians (including older pedestrians and pedestrians with disabilities), Charles V. Zegeer and Janet Barlow; 2. Bicyclists, William W. Hunter; 3. Aging Road Users, Loren Staplin; and 4. Motorcyclist Issues, Frances D. Bents and Richard Huey.


Purpose: To establish the dynamics of tneutrophils ability to aggregation in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and dyslipidemia receiving rosuvastatin. Examined 30 patients with AH of 1—2 grade and dyslipidemia type IIb, risk of 4, middle age. Control submitted on 26 healthy people of similar age. Patients received rosuvastatin 5 mg per night. In patients with AH and dyslipidemia increased neutrophil aggregation was revealed. As a result the use of rosuvastatin in patients with AH and dyslipidemia during 16 weeks led to normalization of lipids, lipid peroxidation and aggregation of neutrophils.


University administrators urge their staff to focus on "student as client", flexible delivery and working in partnership across organisational boundaries. The Course Materials Database project at QUT aims to provide coursework students with access to the majority of their high use information resources in digital form. This includes copyright materials, QUT course/lecture notes and past exam papers. When the student logs into their own Personal Profile(Portal) on QUT Virtual (the QUT Intranet), they will link through to all their enrolled unit/subject Web pages. Each unit Web page will provide links to the digitised course notes, articles and past exam papers for that subject. This service will integrate information resources with courseware, conveniently arranged for the student in one place.

Three factors enable the project: the recent agreement between the Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) and Australian universities to allow the digitising of reasonable portions of copyright materials under statutory licence for an agreed fee, the development of the Student Personal Profile on QUT Virtual, and QUT's standardisation of online teaching pages.

The project is the result of collaboration between several areas of QUT: academics, the Library, Teaching and Learning Support Services, Publications and Printery, Information Technology Services, Student Copying and Printing, and the Copyright Officer.


Malraux alternately acknowledged and disavowed the influence of German ideas on his thought. Concentrating on his theory of the imaginary museum, this article proposes a survey of four areas of convergence between Malraux's thought and German ideas: the critique of decadence, Expressionism, iconology and technology. In refusing the relativism of Nietzsche and Spengler, Malraux highlights his universalist commitment to an existentialist humanism whose privileged vehicle is culture, while his relationship to Expressionism reveals that universalism as itself problematic in its reliance on a paradoxical notion of form. Malraux's quest for shared cultural impulses is contrasted with the art-historical methodologies of Warburg and Panofsky, whose iconology provides the basis for a critique of Malraux's ontological reading of art. Apparently opposed, Benjamin's view of mechanical reproduction as a process of demystification and Malraux's view of technology as a means of communicating the sacredness of art belie shared assumptions about cultural development.


30. Dittus RS, Roberts SD, Adolph RJ: Cost-effectiveness analysis of patient management alternatives after uncomplicated myocardial infarction: A model. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;10:869–878 31. Kuntz KM, Tsevat J, Goldman L, Weinstein MC: Cost-effectiveness of routine coronary angiography after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1996;94:957–965 32. Barnett PG, Chen S, Boden WE, Chow B, Every NR, Lavori PW, Hlatky MA: Cost-effectiveness of a conservative, ischemia-guided management strategy after non-Q wave myocardial infarction. Results of a randomized trial. Circulation 2002;105:680–684 33. Topol EJ, Burek K, O'Neill WW, Kewman DG, Kander NH, Shea MJ, Schork MA, Kirscht J, Juni JE, Pitt B: A randomized controlled trial of hospital discharge three days after myocardial infarction in the era of reperfusion. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1083–1088 34. Senaratne MPJ, Smith G, Gulamhusein SS: Feasibility and safety of early exercise testing using the Bruce protocol after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1212–1220


The Shufflenet is a multihop packet-switched network topology, which has been widely used as both a logical and physical topology to fulfil different requirements. There are different contention resolution schemes proposed in the literature for optical networks; deflection routing, store-and-forward routing and wavelength routing. Storeand -forward routing can be applied by using different techniques to improve the performance of the network. In this paper, output buffering is applied to the Shufflenet and packet loss analysis due to buffer under run is presented. Simulation results show that buffer under runs gradually decrements as the buffer size is increased.


Fundoplication, whether performed by thoracic or abdominal approach, is a sound method for control of reflux esophagitis. A series of 312 operations have been reviewed to assess the frequency of complications and the methods by which these can be prevented or treated effectively. Each source of an untoward outcome is examined in detail, and suggestions as to prevention or recognition are advanced. The current low death and complication rates have been lowered even more by a conscious effort to refine the procedure further; such efforts have been associated with a failure rate of less than 5% in a mean followup of 4 years.


Aircraft braking systems may be subjected to friction-induced vibrations, during which the brake is unstable and behaves as a source of mechanical vibrations. This is an issue for aircraft brake ma...


Multi-Chip-Package (1) comprising at least one memory chip (2) having a plurality of volatile memory cells and a microcontroller (11) containing logic device chip (3) which is coupled to the at least one memory chip (2), wherein the logic module chip (3) comprises: at least one non-volatile memory (7) for permanently storing an address of a defective memory cell in the memory chip (2), stored a comparator (8) which is coupled to the at least one non-volatile memory (7) and a voltage applied to an input address for read / write accesses to the memory chip (2) with the in the at least one non-volatile memory (7) address compares, a volatile memory (10), which is designed as a static random access memory, or as one or more storage registers, and a multiplexer (9), which is driven by the comparator (8) such that (depending on the comparison result in the comparator (8) is a read / write access to either a memory cell in the memory chip (2) or a memory cell in the volatile memory 10).


Objective : to delineate the profile of patients assisted at a Home Care Service in the city of Curitiba. Methods : transversal design, retrospective, quantitative approach; data collection comprised all patients assisted at the site in 2017; sociodemographic and clinical variables. Descriptive statistical analysis and regression models were performed. Results : in 2017 there were 1798 visits of 1436 patients. The profile showed most of the female patients, mean age above 71 years and white race; the predominant provenance of the assisted ones were the Basic Health Units or Family Health Strategy with a mean attendance time of more than 38 days; prevalence of neurological disorders; treatment outcome was high. The average monthly cost was R$ 1,403.56 per patient. Conclusion : the patients profile indicated a majority of white women, with up to eight years of schooling, age above 71 years old and assisted by neurological disorders.


In order to solve the problems of traditional wireless sensor network of coverage small and control management difficult to achieve and so on,a new remote sensor network design is proposed.The hardware structure block diagram,software flow chart and the periphery circuit diagram of each module of the design are given.Test results show that the design realizes the remote monitoring data transmission,can effectively monitor the environment factors of observation(such as temperature,humidity and so on) for real-time.


M icroalbuminuria (MA), the presence of low but abnormal levels of albumin in the urine, is the earliest clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy and for hypertensive patients it is also a marker for greatly increased cardiovascular risk, regardless of the presence of diabetes. The association of MA with elevated blood pressure (BP) is consistent and independent, and increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) has also been linked to lipid abnormalities, reduced insulin sensitivity, impaired endothelial function, peripheral vascular disease, diffuse inflammatory processes and prothrombotic state. All the above define MA as a marker of generalised vascular dysfunction beyond the renal glomerulus. Cumulative evidence suggests that hypertension is an inflammatory disease and that diverse inflammatory and pro-atherogenic mechanisms may be involved in both the pathogenesis of hypertension and the progression of target organ damage. The observed interrelationships of MA with inflammatory mediators provide further support to the notion that in the vicious circle connecting essential hypertension, microalbuminuric state and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, subclinical inflammation participates in all stages of this deleterious process. The purpose of this article is to review the available data regarding the role of proinflammatory processes in the context of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and to focus on their relation with MA, a promising marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. A better understanding of MA could clarify the link between increased UAE and unfavourable outcome and underscore the value of screening for MA in the setting of non-diabetic essential hypertension.


For an optic-electro tracking system, an image sensor such as charge-coupled device (CCD) cannot provide target trajectories except for line-of-sight (LOS) error. Thus, it is difficult to achieve direct feedforward control for the tracking loop, which determines the closed-loop performance. An error-based observer (EBO) control of a CCD-based tracking loop is proposed to enhance the tracking performance for an optic-electro tracking system on moving platforms. The EBO control can be plugged into an existing feedback control loop. The closed-loop performance of the CCD-based control system can be improved by optimizing the feedforward filter Q(s). Because this EBO method relies only on the final LOS error, it benefits the control system both in disturbance suppression and target tracking and it can be applied to an optic-electro tracking system in moving platforms as well as in ground platforms. An optimal Q31 filter rather than a low-pass filter is improved for this EBO control. Simulations and experiments show that the tracking performance is effectively enhanced in low frequency compared to traditional control methods.


A 64-year-old woman with history of migraine with aura, presented 11 hours after developing sudden-onset right hand weakness (noted as difficulty holding objects). On examination, there was moderate weakness of flexor of the third, fourth and fifth fingers with normal reflexes, the rest of the examination was normal. MR scan of brain showed an acute ischaemic injury of the 'hand knob' of the left precentral gyrus (figure …


Abstract This paper presents new radiocarbon dates from an excavation undertaken on the island of Kirriri in Kaurareg Country in south Western Torres Strait (northeastern Queensland). AMS radiocarbon determinations for the Kirriri 4 site places an early phase of major cultural activity to c. 2,700 to c. 2,300 cal. BP, and a more recent phase to c. 500 cal. BP. The earlier phase corresponds with the timing of the establishment of the Torres Strait Cultural Complex c. 2,500 years ago. The Kirriri 4 dating results are significant as they represent the southern-most island distribution of this cultural complex and play a key role in better understanding the nature and timing of settlement, maritime specialisation and other cultural transformation occurring in the broader region.


Following Ruback, the evidence for scattering at right angle of two vortices in a head‐on collision is discussed. The evidence is given in terms of the approximate solutions of the equations of motion. This makes it possible to extend the analysis to the case of a small net repulsive force between the corresponding static vortex configurations. The ordinary differential equations, which result from the ansatz for the approximate solutions, are solved by Taylor series at the origin and by asymptotic series at infinity.


The age is one of the most important features of a human being, and its estimation is essential in many applications, such as security control and surveillance monitoring. This work presents a framework for facial age estimation based on ensemble of individual age estimators. Both mathematical and experimental proofs show, if the individual age estimators are diverse in error, then to improve the results, we can make the ensemble age estimator using the best selected individual age estimators. We emphasize that although the experiments presented here are performed by neural networks, the proposed framework is readily applicable to any other regressor.


The purpose of this study is to examine primary school children's response on the use of audio-visual learning processes - A case study of Chokhmah International Academy, Port-Harcourt (owned by Salvation Ministries). It looked at the elements that enhance pupils' response to educational television programmes and their hindrances to these programmes, and how audio-visual has affected the learning process. This work will be useful to Designers and presenters of educational television programmes as well as educationalists. Five research questions and one null hypothesis were posed to guide the study to a logical conclusion. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to a randomly selected one hundred and six (106) pupils. Data generated from the research questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics while the null hypothesis was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. The findings of this study reaffirmed a high response of primary school pupils to audio-visual learning process and that the use of audio-visual learning process boosts the pupils' social and intellectual ability to develop. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the age range of students should be put into consideration; and that well-produced and sponsored educational programmes by government and private organizations should be encouraged.


The cosmological field equations sourced by a self-interacting scalar field are dynamically equivalent to a closed system of equations obtained by applying the moment method to non-linear Schrodinger equations possessing an underlying non-relativistic conformal $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry. We consider the one-dimensional, quintic Schrodinger equation relevant to strongly repulsive, dilute Bose gases. The action of the diffeomorphism group on the space of Schrodinger operators generates an harmonic trapping potential that can be identified with the kinetic energy of the cosmological scalar field. Inflationary cosmologies are represented by points on the orbit of the de Sitter solution, which is the quotient manifold ${\rm Diff}(\mathbb{R})/SL(2,\mathbb{R})$. Key roles are played by the Schwarzian derivative of the diffeomorphism and the Ermakov-Pinney equation. The underlying $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry results in a first integral constraint which ensures energy-momentum conservation. When the analysis is restricted to the universal cover group of diffeomorphisms on the circle, the generation of a rolling scalar field can be understood in terms of the Virasoro coadjoint action. The corresponding symplectic two-form and Hamiltonian generator of the coadjoint orbit are determined by the scalar field kinetic energy.


Abstract We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with gallus epidermal growth factor (gEGF) from chicken embryos on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers. 480 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 16 chicks each. The control group was fed basal diet and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 6, 8, 12 ng/kg gEGF, respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 42 d. Broilers were harvested at the end of the experiment, and spleen, thymus, bursa, serum samples and small intestine were collected. Results showed that average daily growth (ADG) of 1–21d at the 4, 6 and 12 ng/kg groups were significantly increased (p < .05); ADG (22–42d, 1–42d) and ADFI of 1–42d at the 4 ng/kg group were also increased (p < .05). Dietary gEGF at 4 and 6 ng/kg groups improved catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity were significantly increased (p < .05) while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration significantly decreased (p < .05) at 12 ng/kg group. Compared with the control group, the thymus index of the 8 ng/kg group was significantly increased (p < .05). Dietary gEGF at less than or equal to 8 ng/kg level improved Bursa of Fabricius (BF) index (p < .05). Moreover, at the 8 ng/kg group, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations were significantly higher (p < .05) than in the control group. Intestinal development was enhanced by gEGF inclusion. These findings demonstrated that dietary gEGF supplementation improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and the development of the intestine in broilers. And the suitable dosage of gEGF in broiler diets is 8 ng/kg. The gEGF has the potential to be used as a feed additive in broilers. Highlights 4 ng/kg gEGF dietary supplementation had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on growth performance of broilers. Antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, GSH-PX, CAT) of serum significantly increased, and MDA decreased at 12 ng/kg group. Dietary gEGF exhibited positive influence on immunity of broilers. Dietary gEGF improved the development of small intestinal by increasing the villus height and reducing the crypt depth of small intestine in broilers.


First survey the effect of the static electromagnectic field and the radio-frequency eletromagnetic field to the sample of water,then collect all of the free reaction attenuation signal making it three-dimensional Fourier transformed,the data matrix can be formed and the picture element data corre sponding every dot of the matrix form a picture.


This paper examines what inflence the interior design of primary school learning environments has on creating pedagogical advantage. Contemporary Australian education culture is characterised by a shift away from a teacher-centred transmission of information towards child-centred co-construction of knowledge, skills and understanding (Burke, 2013; Department of Education and Early Childhood Development [DEECD], 2008; Edwards, Gandini & Forman, 2012). New school interior design patterns including entry galleries, learning streets and indoor courtyards are being developed as venues for learning (Dudek, 2015; Taylor, 2009). But how do these interior environments function, and how effective are they at promoting a culture of collaborative learning?


This document describes a collaborative FAA/NASA experiment using 22 commercial airline pilots to determine the effect of using Data Comm to issue messages during busy, terminal area operations. Four conditions were defined that span current day to future flight deck equipage: Voice communication only, Data Comm only, Data Comm with Moving Map Display, and Data Comm with Moving Map displaying taxi route. Each condition was used in an arrival and a departure scenario at Boston Logan Airport. Of particular interest was the flight crew response to D-TAXI, the use of Data Comm by Air Traffic Control (ATC) to send taxi instructions. Quantitative data was collected on subject reaction time, flight technical error, operational errors, and eye tracking information. Questionnaires collected subjective feedback on workload, situation awareness, and acceptability to the flight crew for using Data Comm in a busy terminal area. Results showed that 95% of the Data Comm messages were responded to by the flight crew within one minute and 97% of the messages within two minutes. However, post experiment debrief comments revealed almost unanimous consensus that two minutes was a reasonable expectation for crew response. Flight crews reported that Expected D-TAXI messages were useful, and employment of these messages acceptable at all altitude bands evaluated during arrival scenarios. Results also indicate that the use of Data Comm for all evaluated message types in the terminal area was acceptable during surface operations, and during arrivals at any altitude above the Final Approach Fix, in terms of response time, workload, situation awareness, and flight technical performance. The flight crew reported the use of Data Comm as implemented in this experiment as unacceptable in two instances: in clearances to cross an active runway, and D-TAXI messages between the Final Approach Fix and 80 knots during landing roll. Critical cockpit tasks and the urgency of out-the window scan made the additional head down time to respond to Data Comm messages undesirable during these events. However, most crews also stated that Data Comm messages without an accompanying audio chime and no expectation of an immediate response could be acceptable even during these events.


Principles of development of the system of key indexes are examined in the article, the analysis of biznes-processov and specific of activity of enterprises of neftegazovoy industry is conducted, the generalized conceptual mechanism of development and application of KPE is offered for the enterprises of neftegazovoy industry.


The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the newly recognized in utero factors that interact with gene expression to establish the structural and physiologic processes that will serve the individual long term. These may be common to all mammals and probably reflect evolutionary plasticity, which improves species survival. The concepts of programming, fetal‐maternal microchimerism, growth factors, and transgenerational nutritional affects are explored.


The article presents a replication of a study that investigated the relationships between attitudes towards women as managers. The study examines a number of attributions for the success and failur...


In this series of papers, we present a set of methods to revive quantum geometrodynamics which encountered numerous mathematical and conceptual challenges in its original form promoted by Wheeler and De Witt. In this paper, we introduce the regularization scheme on which we base the subsequent quantization and continuum limit of the theory. Specifically, we employ the set of piecewise constant fields as the phase space of classical geometrodynamics, resulting in a theory with finitely many degrees of freedom of the spatial metric field. As this representation effectively corresponds to a lattice theory, we can utilize well-known techniques to depict the constraints and their algebra on the lattice. We are able to compute the lattice corrections to the constraint algebra. This model can now be quantized using the usual methods of finite--dimensional quantum mechanics, as we demonstrate in the following paper. The application of the continuum limit is the subject of a future publication.


This paper describes an optimal design of automatic steering system of automobiles. In this study, an automatic control equipment which can control an automobile along a guidance cable is used. This equipment is fabricated with fully electric components. First, the dynamics of the automobile is measured by the frequency response method. Secondly, an optimal design method of an automatic steering control system is proposed. This method is based on the Kalman filter and the optimal control theory. Thirdly, the performance index of the control system is determined as the solution of the inverse problem of the optimal control theory. These second and third parts are special features of this study. Furthermore, it is confirmed both by simulations and by field experiments that the theory mentioned above is effective in the design of automatic steering control system.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we give some results which constitute an application of directional convexificators recently introduced by Dempe and Pilecka [Necessary optimality conditions for optimistic bilevel programming problems using set-valued programming. J Global Optim. 2015;61:769–788]. After establishing mean value conditions in terms of directional convexificators, we formulate variational inequalities of Stampacchia and Minty type in terms of directional convexificators and use these variational inequalities as a tool to find out necessary and sufficient conditions for a point to be an optimal solution of an inherent optimization problem. An example illustrating our findings is also given.


South Africa has a sea border of 3000 km, stretching from the Orange River in the west to Punto de Ouro in the east. South Africa has eight commercial seaports providing ports of entry from the sea borders for ships and cargoes. Chapter 11 of the Constitution mandates the defence force, the police service and other intelligence agencies to provide national security services. This implies the implementation of operational security plans emanating from policies and legislation governing the maritime domain (SA, 2015). The nature of the sea brings a different dimension to law enforcement which, although conceptually no different to law enforcement on land, must address illegal immigration at sea, smuggling and trafficking in narcotics and enforcing regulations pertaining to the exploitation of living and nonliving resources (SA, 2003/2004).


Flexible sensing surfaces are the next frontier in large area electronics. Integrating sensors and electronics on flexible substrates it is possible to create surfaces that are capable of mapping the distribution of several quantities of practical interest: from pressure to X-rays, and from biopotentials to the infrared radiation generated by warm objects. In this paper we overview the main approaches and challenges in this field of research, focusing especially on solutions manufactured using organic materials.


SUMMARY

This paper proposes an index, called Undetectability Index (UI), to classify the measurements according to their characteristics of not reflecting their errors into the residuals of the weighted least squares state estimator (WLS) from a geometric analysis of this estimator. Gross errors in measurements with high UIs are very difficult to be detected by methods based on residual analysis, because the errors in those measurements are "masked", i.e. they are not reflected in their residuals. The paper also presents a very simple algorithm to compute the UI of all available measurements in a metering system. This algorithm is very simple and uses routines already available in the existing WLS Estimator software. Two UI applications are investigated (i) to design more reliable metering systems for bad data processing, i.e. metering systems formed by measurements with UI lower than a pre-specified value and (ii) to estimate the measurement errors. Several simulation results (with IEEE-14 and 30 bus systems) have validated the propositions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


THE breakdown of liver glycogen which occurs as one of the chief mechanisms controlling the blood sugar level has generally been ascribed to the liver amylase, but it has recently been suggested that the main path of glycogen breakdown may be through a phosphorylating system involving a phosphorylase which forms hexosephosphate and a phosphatase which hydrolyses the hexosephosphate to glucose [Cori & Cori, 1938]. Recent work has added greatly to our knowledge of the phosphorylating mechanism in the liver [Cori et at. 1939; Ostern et al. 1939], but if the glycogen breakdown in vivo is to be ascribed to this system it would leave the significance of the liver amylase in doubt and there is as yet little reason for attributing this function to the one system rather than to the other. Cori & Cori [1938] have suggested that the amylase found in the liver may be due to the blood contained in the organ and quote in this connexion an older observation of Davenport [1926] that little amylase is found in the liver after thorough perfusion: but other investigators have concluded that perfusion washes the amylase out of the tissues [Lesser, 1920; WillstiLtter & Rohdewald, 1936]. There is therefore some doubt as to whether the amylase is really present in the liver tissues or not. The question of the exact localization of the amylase is of special interest since Lesser [1921] concluded that the glycogen and amylase are spatially separated in the liver and that adrenaline acts in producing hyperglycaemia by enabling the glycogen and amylase to come together. The phosphorylating system has been shown to be reversible, catalysing either the breakdown or the synthesis of glycogen. It is unlikely that there would be more than one system that is able to synthesize glycogen and it is therefore probable that this system is concerned in the synthesis of glycogen in vivo; but it is not known that the path of glycogen breakdown in vivo is the same as that by which it is synthesized. It is also not known that the mechanism concerned in the normal regulation of the blood sugar is the same as that which comes into action in causing the rapid glycogen breakdown which occurs in the various forms of endogenous hyperglycaemia. In considering the possible significance of the liver amylase and phosphorylase in relation to hyperglycaemia it is clear that much further information is required before it is possible to reach any final conclusions. In the present investigation particular attention was paid to the significance of the liver amylase and an attempt was made to obtain further evidence on the following questions. (1) Is the amylase present in significant amount in the liver tissue? (2) How are the amylase and phosphorylase distributed between the cells, lymph and blood spaces in the liver? (3) How does the activity of the liver amylase compare with the rate of glycogenolysis which occurs during hyperglycaemia in vivo?


During the Bronze Age intensive mining and smelting activities for copper production took place in the Eastern Alps. To get information about the copper smelting process, the elemental compositions of slags are marked in equilibrium phase diagrams (e.g. FeO-CaO-SiO2) and so the melting properties can be estimated. Doing so you have to keep in mind that slags have complex compositions and phase diagrams are available for three compounds only. For the analytical measurements it has to be ensured that only molten parts of the slag are measured and not contamination of other ambient material. Spot and area measurements by SEM-EDX are useful to get realistic data. In this case a complete correlation between the image of the analyzed area, the microstructure and the chemical composition of the sample is necessary. For marking spots in the phase diagram the calculation method has to be described exactly. For our results we calculated the ratio FeO-SiO2-CaO(+MgO+Al2O3). From the morphology of the observed phases, their chemical composition and the data from the phase diagram a solidification sequence can be suggested. We recommend this method because measurements by e.g. XRF provide rather general composition values. If the slag samples are inhomogeneous, unrealistic melting points are read from the phase diagram. Inhomogeneities can be caused by soil contaminations, which are not part of the molten slag, or by corrosion, when some phases were attacked and changed during storage in soil.


We present a novel approach to recovering the qualitative 3-D part structure from a single 2-D image. We do not assume any knowledge of the objects contained in the scene, but rather assume that they are composed from a user-defined vocabulary of qualitative 3-D volumetric part categories input to the system. Given a set of 2-D part hypotheses recovered from an image, representing projections of the surfaces of the 3-D part categories, our method simultaneously selects and groups subsets of the 2-D part hypotheses into 3-D part "views", from which the shape and pose parameters of the volumetric parts are recovered. The resulting 3-D parts and their relations offer the potential for a domain-independent, viewpoint-invariant shape indexing mechanism that can help manage the complexity of recognizing an object from a large database.


Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder frequently associated with myeloproliferative disorders. We describe a case of elderly patient diagnosed with myeloproliferative disorder in remission. The patient was on aspirin for secondary prevention of stroke and was taken off aspirin and developed erythromelalgia within two weeks of withdrawal of aspirin. After restarting aspirin, patient's symptoms improved within 2 weeks.


Partial-wave dispersion relations for pion-nucleon scattering were derived from the Mandelsthm representation. The symmetry of the representation was used to obtain expressions for the discontinuities across the unphysical branch cuts. These expressions involved scattering amplitudes for pion-nucleon scattering and for the process pi + pi yields N + N. In the approximation of neglecting all but the nearest singularities, it was shown that the Chew-Low effective-range formula is a solution to the equations. (auth)


Abstract Innocent people are convicted each year because of mistaken eyewitness identification. This paper addresses both historical and more contemporary perspectives on the possible limitations of eyewitness identification. The primary purpose of this article is to describe some of the attempts made to protect the fact-finding process from misidentifications. The development and nature of guidelines and recommendations for the design and administration of identification lineups in the United States and in Canada are described. It has been estimated that approximately 4,500 innocent people are convicted each year in the United States because of mistaken eyewitness identification (Cutler & Penrod, 1995). Corresponding estimations have not been made for Canada but criminal misidentifications and wrongful convictions are not unique to the United States. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe some of the attempts in the United States and in Canada to protect the fact-finding process from misidentifications. Older Perspectives Recognition of problems underlying eyewitness memory is not new. Thucydides, an ancient historian of the Peloponnesian war (431-404 BC), noted a "want of coincidence between accounts of the same occurrences by different eyewitnesses, arising sometimes from imperfect mcmuiy, sometimes from undue partiality for one side or the other "(cited in Levine & Tapp, 1973, p. 1088). Two centuries ago, a legal scholar writing in a handbook of criminal law and criminal politics stated: ... the identification procedure has to be preceded by a comprehensive interrogation of the witness, wherein he is to describe the characteristic features which could facilitate recognition of the persons or objects to which his testimony or statements refer. Thereafter, in the identification procedure itself, he is, whenever possible, to be confronted with several persons or objects resembling the one to be identified. He should be urged to point out, for example, the identified object, without hesitation, and also to give the reasons why he had identified this one as the real one instead of any of the others ... On the one hand, the investigator has to take care, to the best of his ability, to remove any changes that may have occurred in the object to be recognized and that may thus impair recognition: therefore, for example, he must not present the accused in his prison clothes, or with a distorting beard, etc. On the other hand, the investigator must beware of drawing the witness's attention to the correct object through facial expressions, gestures, or external signs that differentiate the object in question from others. (Henke, 1838, pp. 705-706; translation by Sporer, 1982) The Dawn of the 20th Century Although research interest in eyewitness testimony and identification escalated throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the empirical evidence and recommendations made by eyewitness researchers on how lineups should be designed and administered has had limited impact on the practices and decisions of the police and the courts until very recently (see Wells, Malpass, Lindsay, Fisher, Turtle, & Fulero, 2000). At the dawn of the 20th century several psychologists (e.g., Binet, 1900; Bolton, 1896; Cattell, 1895; Munsterberg, 1908; Stern, 1902, 1910; Whipple, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912) scientifically investigated the foundations and application of cognitive processes to legal issues. That is, they conducted applied experimental studies on perception and memory, suggestibility, confessions, lie detection, and hypnotism. Munsterberg (1908), in particular, was quite outspoken about the relevancy and application of his experiments on sensation, perception, and memory to better the court's understandings of eyewitness testimony. Munsterberg's complaints that the courts were unappreciative and unreasonable in not accepting the contributions of experimental psychology did not go unnoticed. …


Ill effects of cardiac function may influence the brain and vice versa. Atrial fibrillation (afib) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice (Zimetbaum, 2007). Stroke remains among the most common neurologic conditions and a leading cause of severe morbidity and mortality in adults (Hirtz et al., 2007). In the United States, there are more than 4 million stroke survivors, and more than 750,000 new strokes that occur each year (Albers, et al., 2001). A cardiogenic source of an embolus that results in cerebrovascular occlusion is responsible for 50% of embolic strokes (Albers et al., 2001). The association of afib and ischemic stroke has long been recognized, and the risk of developing afib and the risk of stroke both increase with age. The risk of stroke is approximately 4% to 5% per year on average but increases up to 23.5% when patients are older than 80 (Albers et al., 2001). Whereas tachycardia, hemodynamic impairment are cardiac consequences of atrial fibrillation, stroke represents a common neurologic sequela with serious consequences. Stroke occurs when thrombi sequester in the atrial walls and then embolize to the cerebral circulation to occlude cerebral arteries and produce ischemia within the corresponding parenchyma that is task-specific. The Framingham Study previously demonstrated a fivefold incidence in stroke with chronic afib that increased to 17-fold when additional factors such as rheumatic heart disease were involved (Wolf et al., 1978). Atrial fibrillation is an abnormal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by rapid, chaotic depolarization of the atria producing variable ventricular conduction. The mechanism of afib probably results from a focal source of automatic firing, series of small reentrant circuits, or a combination of the two (Allessie et al., 2002). Atrial fibrillation results from the presence of multiple sites of varying myocardial refractory states in the myocardium and is triggered by atrial premature depolarizations with frequently arise from sites around the pulmonary veins or near the left or less commonly right atria (Allessie et al., 2002; Haissaguerre, et al., 1998; Hwang et al., 1999; McCarthy et al., 2000). Nonorganized, low-voltage, electrical potentials propagate in various directions with irregular atrioventricular nodal conduction and an irregularly irregular cardiac rhythm. Rapid or slow ventricular conduction may be seen depending on co morbid medical conditions or medical treatment with secondary effects on cerebral perfusion. While the treatment of acute ischemic brain attacks continue to evolve, modifying risk factors for secondary stroke prevention carry a primary thrust for ongoing treatment. Correction of the underlying etiology of cardiac diseases is frequently approached with the use of medication and revascularization. Modification of the cardiac autonomic nervous system appears to be a specialized approach to the treatment of cardiac disease states such as afib that could further preventing the neurologic consequences through stroke reduction.


Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture with different frequencies on patients with knee osteoarthritis.sMethods:In a non-randomized concurrent control trial,patients with knee osteoarthritis were allocated to two treatment groups:the acupuncture group(n = 97) and the control group(n = 96).The acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment for a period of first four weeks,and followed up for four weeks after cessation of treatment.The patients in acupuncture group were divided into low-frequency group,medium-frequency group and high-frequency group according to the frequency of treatment.The waiting list control group received delayed acupuncture treatment.All patients were treated by use of eight acupuncture points:Xuehai(P10),Liangqiu(ST34),Xiyangguan(GB33),Yinlingquan(SP9),Yanglingquan(GB34),Dubi(ST35),Zusanli(ST36),and Neixiyan(EX-LE5).Patients were assessed by using the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis(WOMAC) questionnaire as major index and the Visual Analogue Pain Scale(VAS) as side index.Results:The acupuncture group showed significant improvements compared with the control group(P 0.001) at week four.There was no difference of the WOMAC and VAS scores among the low-frequency group,medium-frequency group and high-frequency group(P 0.05)at each follow-up time point.On all WOMAC subscales(pain,stiffness,and physical function),there were no significant differences among the low-frequency group,medium-frequency group and high-frequency group at week four and week eight(P 0.05).Conclusion:In our study,acupuncture seems to provide improvement in function and pain relief for knee osteoarthritis when compared with control group.There were no significant differences among the different frequency groups in terms of any of the outcomes,at each follow-up time point.Three times per week of acupuncture treatment is enough for knee osteoarthritis.


There are various selective factors to select airlines like the aircraft"s safety, convenient schedule. To meet the customer satisfaction, cabin services which considered to be the most important part for customers to select airlines including inflight meal, well-trained flight attendants, cabin interior and inflight space are being raised as the most important factor to the level of airline"s recognition and prominence. As the demand to the environmental service improvement of the cabin is severe, the necessity to reinforce the developmental strategy of tangible service about the cabin services is high. This study has the purposes to practically examine the effects of physical and personal service factors to meet customer satisfaction so that the customer can re-purchase and finally to establish a marketing strategy of the cabin services.


Connected vehicle technologies enable and encourage cooperative driving behaviors, as well as provide potential benefits to improve mobility and safety. Using cutting-edge information and communication technology (ICT), various connected vehicle (CV) applications have been developed and are being prepared for deployment in transportation systems. This study proposes an in-vehicle optimal lane selection (OLS) application as one realizable and practical CV application. The OLS application advises the driver of the optimal lane to travel efficiently and minimize the number of lane changes. In order to choose the optimal lane, a utility function uses real-time data collected through connected technologies. This study implements and evaluates the proposed application using a microscopic traffic simulator, INTEGRATION. The simulation was conducted on a freeway network using various demand levels and market penetration rates (MPRs). Results show that the OLS application in the CV environment had better performance in lane allocation and a decrease of travel time compared to the lane-changing logic of the traditional transportation system.


The power system is dominated by the renewable energy resources since last two decades. The main cause behind this enormous deployment of RES is to combat the global warming and to decrease dependency on fossil fuels. Wind energy is one of the abundant available sources of energy throughout the world. However, the huge deployment of wind energy in the power system cause vulnerability to the system. The main cause is the lack of system inertia in RES which cannot effectively respond during the power imbalance condition. To counter this effect, the virtual synchronous generators are deployed in the RES based power system. The VSG mimics the synchronous generator features and therefore it possesses the ability to provide the inertial support to system. In this paper, a wind base multiple VSG system is proposed to counter the frequency irregularities of the system. Furthermore, a comparison with classical droop control is done based on load variation. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the values of damping and inertia of the VSG. The performance of the proposed system is validated in MATLAB/Simulink 2019.


This work utilizes Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies to develop a high-performance 64-bit carry look ahead adder (CLA). The proposed CLA architecture is optimized for speed and area efficiency, incorporating an efficient carry look-ahead generator (CLG) circuit to minimize propagation delay. The design is implemented on an FPGA board and evaluated for parameters such as power consumption, area utilization, and timing constraints. The results demonstrate superior performance compared to existing designs, with a maximum operating delay of 13.746ns and power usage only up-to 1.08mW. The improved CLA architecture finds applications in digital signal processing (DSP), image and video processing, and high-speed computing.


Multiteam systems (MTS) are networks of interconnected teams and a flexible organizational form particularly suitable to attain goals of interdependent organizational entities facing complex tasks. Governance refers to formal and informal structures that give organizations their authority and mandates for action such as leadership systems, managerial control protocols, and informal networks. MTS research thus far has however focused on more formal governance structures such as coordination and planning, and less on informal governance structures such as informal communication and team handoffs, or how their combination affect the authority and mandates for action in MTS. Hence, the objective of this symposium is to expand theory and managerial understanding of multiteam system governance by generating and combining different perspectives on informal governance structures, their relationship to formal governance structures, and MTS processes and outcomes. This symposium addresses how the informal structure...


We study and compare two frameworks: a model of influence, and command games. In the influence model, in which players are to make a certain acceptance/rejection decision, due to influence of other players, the decision of a player may be different from his inclination. We study a relation between two central concepts of this model: influence function, and follower function. We deliver sufficient and necessary conditions for a function to be a follower function, and we describe the structure of the set of all influence functions that lead to a given follower function. In the command structure introduced by Hu and Shapley, for each player a simple game called the command game is built. One of the central concepts of this model is the concept of command function. We deliver sufficient and necessary conditions for a function to be a command function, and describe the minimal sets generating a normal command game. We also study the relation between command games and influence functions. A sufficient and necessary condition for the equivalence between an influence function and a normal command game is delivered.


In the practical application of traffic target detection, it is difficult to ensure the detection accuracy of multi-scale traffic signs in real-time detection because the scale of the target varies greatly. In this paper, an improved method based on YOLOv5s is proposed to address the accuracy problem of multi-scale targets in real-time traffic detection by adapting its data enhancement at the input and localisation loss at the output respectively. The original data enhancement method is improved to solve the problem of target loss in a small range to a certain extent. In addition, an α-FEIOU algorithm is proposed to replace the original CIoU algorithm to improve the accuracy of real-time target detection. The results show that the proposed method shows good performance in different scenarios and its effectiveness is confirmed. At the same time, it has strong robustness and provides a certain reference for the application of deep learning in the field of traffic target detection.


The essay seeks to reconstruct, through the works of non canonical authors, the debate developing in Italy at the end of the nineteenth century, concerning the parliamentary system touched by a deep crisis. The clash between the «conservatori» and the «Sinistra Storica» culminated mainly in recognition of the importance of certain elements wich characterized that controversy: universal suffrage, the role of Parliament in opposition versus the executive power and the importance of public opinion supporting of the policy choices of the country.


The alumina-catalyzed reaction of 2-methylquinoline with excess methanol at 500° produced a mixture of 2-ethyl-, 2-isopropyl-, and 2-isopropenylquinolines in yields of 10%, 7%, and 2%, respectively. A mechanistic interpretation of this reaction is presented.


The Masterclass in Horticultural Business is a new national program requested by and tailor made for Australian business managers and entrepreneurs in horticulture. The University of Tasmania has developed the Masterclass in collaboration with the internationally recognised higher education providers, Wageningen University and Research (Netherlands) and Lincoln University (New Zealand). The Masterclass is externally supported through a nationally competitive grant from the Australian Government's Research and Development Corporation, Horticulture Innovation Australia, and builds on our strong links between teaching and R, D & E in horticulture. The Masterclass, delivered as a new pre-tertiary qualification (Diploma in Horticultural Business) through University College, combines a strong understanding of horticulture production and business practices. The integrative program has a basis in production horticulture with modules on, for example, supply chain management, logistics, law, and entrepreneurship. First offered in 2017, the program has attracted a range of industry professionals in horticulture. The design of the Masterclass for a national cohort of students necessitated online delivery that is highly-professional, flexible and relevant to people working in the horticulture industry to foster innovative and creative thinking and engagement among students. Module topics and assignments are designed to promote interaction of the participants with their staff (if they are business owners) or employers (if they work for a business owner). In this way the students are applying learnings to their workplace, raising questions and stimulating discussions about Agribusiness. Many students have provided feedback (HREC 16252) that they intend to put their business plan into action, applying it to their own businesses. In summary, the high degree of industry engagement and endorsement as well as international collaboration in the design of the Masterclass is unique. It is our vision that this Masterclass will develop a strong reputation and becomes internationally recognised and competitive.


Genetic variation was analyzed of 35 maize inbred lines in Guizhou with SSR.Selected 10 core-primers which could test 75 allele sites in sample of 35 inbred lines.The average number of allele per SSR locus was 7.5 with arrange from 5 to 14.The average of polymorphic information content(PIC) was 0.739.Gene locus among the 35 inbred lines ranged from 0.154 to 0.838 with an average of 0.513.The clustering results showed that the inbred lines could be classified into 7 groups.The clustering results were consistent with the groups based on the available.The local germplasm lines could be divided into three heterotic groups,showed the local germplasm had wide genetic basis.


This report focuses on the role of online bystanders in reducing online violence against women and girls (VAWG), including consideration of any related policies or laws. Given the relatively recent emergence of bystanders as potential facilitators and exacerbators of online crime, policy responses have tended to focus on the virtual versions of existing physical crimes, such as 'cyber' bullying and 'cyber' stalking, and/or the dissemination of intimate images online (when previously they might have been posted on a physical bulletin board). Moreover, these policy responses have tended to focus on capturing perpetrators, but not bystanders, within a legislative framework.


Poor soil organic content is a major cause of declining crop productivity in developing countries. Less precipitation and high temperatures oxidize organic matter in the soils of semi-arid regions. Such a deficiency in the organic matter of the soils decreases the bioavailability of many nutrients. Organic amendments like vermicompost (VM) have the potential to overcome this problem, while decreasing the dependency on inorganic fertilizers. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the best application rate of VM for the improvement of nutrient contents in buckwheat. We used two buckwheat cultivars i.e., Aktaş and Güneş were sown under variable rates of soil-applied VM (0, 0.75, 1.50, 2.25 and 3.00 t ha−1) in semi-arid highland conditions. The results demonstrated that the nutritional quality parameters were improved when VM was applied at the rate of 2.25 t ha−1. In addition, VM at 2.25 t ha−1 resulted in an improvement of the N and P contents of the grains. The P contents in the grains of the Güneş variety was higher (0.26%) than the Aktaş variety (0.24%). A significant improvement in Fe (%), Cu (%), Zn (%) and Mn contents (%) in the grains of buckwheat validated the efficacious functioning of 2.25 t ha−1 of VM. The Zn content of the grains was higher in the Güneş variety (34.06%) than the Aktaş variety (31.96%). However, no significant change in K, Ca and Mg was noted at any level of VM in both Aktaş and Güneş. It is concluded that a 2.25 t ha−1 VM application in the buckwheat crop under zero conventional fertilizer was the best level to boost the nutritional quality of the grains.


By combining with some facts,the paper has the detailed indication on the organization measure,the economic measure and the technology measure in the blindfold step,and it is shown by the projects that the implementation of these measures can achieve better quality and process,and can earn better social benefits.


The aim of a wind turbine is to transform the kinetic energy in the wind into electrical power. The kinetic energy per time (power) that passes an area, A, perpendicular to the wind velocity and the available aerodynamic efficiency is thus naturally defined as the fraction of the actual produced power to the available power in the so-called power coefficient. To remove kinetic energy from the wind, it is necessary to design a rotor that produces an upstream force, denoted by the thrust T, which reduces the wind speed behind the rotor, as sketched in Figure 1.1. The wind speed through the rotor is gradually reduced from far upstream, Vo, to, u, at the rotor plane and finally to u 1 in the wake. Due to conservation of mass, the streamlines that divide the airflow going through the rotor from the one passing are expanding as shown in Figure 1.1. In order to transform the extracted power into useful work and not simply dissipate it into internal heat, a mechanical torque should also be produced by the rotor as input to the shaft of an electrical generator. Figure 1.2 shows how the aerodynamic loads produce a normal load on the blades to reduce the wind speed and at the same time a tangential load to drive a generator.


This study was conducted to determine the type of communication used in secondary schools in Vihiga County among the teaching staff.  The study also sought to establish the relationship between the levels of communication and stress among teachers. A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. A total of one hundred and twenty teachers and ten principals were randomly selected to form the sample. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. Data obtained was analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that a majority of the schools use level one and two communication that did not involve dialogue. It was also revealed that the level of communication was inversely proportional to the level of stress in schools and that all teachers suffered some level of stress which affected their performance. It was therefore concluded that effective communication lacked in secondary schools in Vihiga County. Poor communication resulted in increased stress levels in schools. The researchers recommended that school managers be in-serviced on effective communication to address workplace stressors. Teachers ought to be trained on effective communication techniques in various training institutions.


The paper deals with the concept of magnetic current loop as a source model for finite thin‐wire antennas. The formulation is based on the Pocklington integro‐differential equation with reduced kernel, which is handled by means of various numerical techniques, mostly using the Galerkin–Bubnov variant of Indirect Boundary Element Method. Extensive numerical experiments were carried out on various dipole and monopole antennas using different sources (delta gap, magnetic frill, and magnetic current loop), and results for input admittance are compared with measured data. The magnetic current loop source ensures accurate solution for input admittance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding and support for this effort were generously provided by The Doris Duke Foundation, NatureServe, and the Colorado Natural Areas Program (CNAP). We especially appreciate the expert guidance and thoughtful review provided by Brian Kurzel (CNAP) and Betsy Neely (The Nature Conservancy-TNC). Herbarium) provided invaluable input on species habitats, threats, and climate change analysis. Michelle Fink (CNHP) built the Access database used to store information and generate tables. Cover photos: Background – shortgrass prairie (Renée Rondeau); foreground – Asclepias uncialis (Steve Olson). The purpose of this proposed Addendum to Colorado's State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) (CDOW 2006) is to set a statewide strategic direction for the conservation of Colorado's most imperiled plant species and their habitats, and to establish a coordinated statewide approach for partners working on rare plant conservation. The Colorado Rare Plant Conservation Initiative (RPCI) compiled the information in this document, and developed much of the conservation strategy reflected in the contents herein, to set a conservation direction for Colorado's imperiled plants and their habitats. This Addendum, and the Colorado Rare Plant Conservation Strategy upon which it is based (Neely et al. 2008), represent a collective vision for plant conservation in Colorado, emphasizing a proactive approach to ensure the long-term stewardship and viability of Colorado's rarest plants. If implemented, this plan will enable concerned partners to systematically and meaningfully advance urgently needed plant conservation in Colorado, thus avoiding the need for federal listings. Using the RPCI Strategy as a starting point, botanists and planners from CNHP, CNAP, and TNC developed the draft components of this Addendum. Draft components were circulated among all RPCI members for review and revision. Plants of Greatest Conservation Need (PGCN) are defined as the 121 critically imperiled and imperiled plant species in Colorado. These are globally rare species with NatureServe Conservation Status ranks of G1 (critically imperiled) and G2 (imperiled). These species are considered to be at risk throughout their range and vulnerable to extinction. Rare plant experts within RPCI prioritized this list into Tier 1 species and Tier 2 species (Table 1, Figure 1): Tier 1 Plants of Greatest Conservation Need – all G1 species, all federally listed species; Tier 2 Plants of Greatest Conservation Need – all G2 species not federally listed. v shrublands are especially rich habitats for imperiled plant species, followed by pinyon-juniper woodlands, cliffs and canyons, and alpine habitats (CNHP and TNC 2011). Barrens occupy less than 1% …


This chapter highlights the use of the Fourth Gospel among Irenaeus' predecessors in the mainstream of orthodox Christianity, summarizing, reworking, and updating portions of a 2004 book, The Johannine Corpus in the Early Church . The author catalogued twenty-two pre-Irenaean Christian sources which may be regarded as within the orbit of "orthodox Christianity" and which, either certainly or very probably knew the Fourth Gospel and used it in a positive way. These are: Epistle of Vienne and Lyons; Hegesippus; Athenagoras; the Christian interpolator of the Sibylline Oracles; Theophilus of Antioch; Claudius Apollinarius of Hierapolis; Melito of Sardis; the Christians opposed by Celsus; Tatian; the Gospel of Peter; Justin Martyr; the Martyrdom of Polycarp; the Ad Diognetum; Epistula Apostolorum; The Shepherd of Hermas; the Long Ending of Mark; the Odes of Solomon; Aristides; Papias of Hierapolis; Polycarp; Ignatius; Papias's Asian elders; and the elder John. Keywords: Church; Fourth Gospel; Irenaeus; John; orthodox Christianity


Abstract : Line-of-sight (LOS) calculation for the Janus combat simulation model is critical to the processes being simulated and impacts the run speed (ratio of game time to real time), since it may be the single most computationally expensive algorithm in simulation. This thesis presents design and implementation of a transputer network with the purpose of providing an efficient LOS calculation in a distributed memory and computing environment. The approach taken was to use a processor farming method to speed up the LOS calculation. The programs were implemented on a network of 15 transputers using 3L Parallel C++ (version 2.1.1) programing language. A 1-meter resolution terrain database of Fort Hunter Liggett, California was used to get more reliable LOS results. Expected gain of our system was 3.873 (square root of 15). After timing tests, we found that we could speed up the LOS calculation by a factor of 2.581 when comparing the 15 transputer configuration to a conventional processor which is equivalent to a single transputer. The difference between expected gain and our actual gain was found to be the communication overhead in the network of transputers. We stated that further significant improvements can be provided by using our approach with more memory and faster transputers. Janus, Transputer, Pegasus database, Parallellism, Line-of-sight.


Regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are problematic habitat in the economic space of the Russian Federation the past two decades. Regional social and economic policy in relation to these areas is carried out in a narrow tax base and high dependence on financial transfers from the federal budget. Source of tax revenue is primarily labor. Large tax liability at all levels of the budget system. Since 1992, the Russian Government is pursuing an active policy of support for these areas. In 2010-2012 were developed and approved by the Strategy and State Program for Development of the North Caucasus Federal District in the long term. However, tangible results of these efforts have not brought that confirms the low estimate population of the quality of the executive branch. There is a need of modernization of regional socio-economic policy in the North Caucasus region. Necessary to create special economic zones on the branch and not the territorial principle with the differentiation of preferences depending on the distance from the production of regional economic poles. In the practice of state and municipal government should be implemented project-based approach solving problems of development. This will increase the multiplier effect of budget spending.


Most organizations today rely heavily on their data warehouse to make enterprise level decisions. Data Warehouse pulls data from various heterogeneous sources and thus, when setting up a data warehouse, there are three ways to process data: ELT (Extract, Load and Transform), ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) and reverse ETL. It can be challenging to select the best approach when deciding how to implement a data warehouse because it has to do with costs, procedures, performance, and ongoing company improvement. In this paper, we'll be discussing the three approaches and their use cases.


The invention relates to a medical extrusion device of liquid or pasty substances, in particular of a dental product, for use in a therapeutic treatment operation, in particular during dental surgery; said device being characterized in that it comprises a body (1) pistol-shaped having a longitudinal axis (X) and a piston (2) slidable inside thereof, said body (1) comprising; - a proximal end portion (9), called "handle", - a distal end portion (4), called "capsule-holder element" adapted to accommodate a capsule (3A) containing said liquid or pasty materials, - an intermediate portion (6), called "control ring", having at least a first position wherein the member the capsule holder (4) is pivotally attached to the control ring (6) and at least one second position in which the capsule-holder member (4) can be disengaged from the control ring (6).


Paraffin is the most widely used adulterant in beeswax foundation manufacture, in order to reduce costs, and it is also responsible to exert some adverse effects in the development of bee colonies. Our aim was to assess the consequences on Apis mellifera colony development by using beeswax sheets adulterated with increasing concentrations of paraffin. This research was conducted during January-February of 2007, lasting 43 days, and carried out in 12 colonies located in General Pueyrredon District, Buenos Aires, Argentina. For this purpose, we performed an assay using three different beeswax sheets (with 0%, 20% and 40% paraffin contents); two combs were placed in each hive, each one consisted of two sections of beeswax foundation containing 0% and 20% or 0% and 40% paraffin concentrations. The percentages of built area and brood survivorship index were measured for each beeswax section, resulting in no significant differences between areas built in pure and adulterated beeswax (P>0,05), notwithstanding a tendency to develop a larger built area in pure beeswax combs was observed. Survivorship brood index was greater in beeswaxes with 40% paraffin content versus 0% paraffin (0,78±0,06 and 0,65±0,08 respectively; P=0,036). Apis mellifera colonies tolerate percentages up to 40% of paraffin in combs


In today's world,a traditional culture is increasingly becoming an important source of national development and prosperity,and the engine of international competition.Chinese martial arts,called the "essence" of traditional Chinese culture,were once regarded by the foreign media as one of the most influential image symbol of Chinese culture.Confronted with the shock and impact from economic globalization,cultural globalization,martial arts cultural value is becoming more important than ever before.This study,proceeding from a profound understanding of the meaning and features of soft power,elaborates on the manifestation patterns,analyzes the drawbacks of martial arts cultural value,and puts forward the possible developmental path of martial arts soft power.The paper is intended to foreground the influence and identity of martial arts cultural value and contribute to enhancing national soft power.


This study examined the relationship between second language learners' proficiency and their second language learning in Collaborative dialogues in a quantitative way.48 learners with different levels of language proficiency were assigned into 3 groups:the high-high group,the high-low group and the low-low group.There were 16 subjects(8 pairs) in each group.All the subjects finished a five-stage collaborative writing task through different combinations.The results showed that the subjects' proficiency had a significant effect on the output of their Language-related episodes(LREs) and their second language learning within the framework of collaborative dialogues.Furthermore,the higher proficiency the subjects had,the more output their LREs produced and the more effective their second language learning would be.


As cultural heritage domain enters the digital heritage era based on advanced digital technology, Augmented Reality(AR) technology has arisen as a new medium for enhancing user experience by augmenting additional information or content. Although there have been several AR applications in the cultural heritage domain, insufficient re-usability and interoperability of AR applications has inhibited the development of AR ecosystems. To address these issues, we propose the 5W1H-based metadata schema for context-aware AR applications in the cultural heritage domain, which consists of the PoI-AR Anchor-AR Contents relation based on Who, When, Where, What, Why, How and its whole metadata structure. We also propose a modified AR reference model to investigate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed schema. The 5W1H-based metadata schema provides a context-aware mediating platform that secures extensibility for further contextual information, and its whole metadata structure ensures the re-usability of the AR contents and interoperability of AR applications. The modified AR reference model describes the universal workflow and the generic framework for AR applications to encourage compatibility of following AR applications. Through these proposals, contextualized content retrieval according to user preference will be possible for AR applications in the cultural heritage domain.


There are two key issues in human activity recognition: spatial dependencies and temporal dependencies. Most recent methods focus on only one of them, and thus do not have sufficient descriptive power to recognize complex activity. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical spatio-temporal model (HSTM) to solve the problem by modeling spatial and temporal constraints simultaneously. The new HSTM is a two-layer hidden conditional random field (HCRF), where the bottom-layer HCRF aims at describing spatial relations in each frame and learning more discriminative representations, and the top-layer HCRF utilizes these high-level features to characterize temporal relations in the whole video sequence. The new HSTM takes advantage of the bottom layer as the building blocks for the top layer and it aggregates evidence from local to global level. A novel learning algorithm is derived to train all model parameters efficiently and its effectiveness is validated theoretically. Experimental results show that the HSTM can successfully classify human activities with higher accuracies on single-person actions (UCF) than other existing methods. More importantly, the HSTM also achieves superior performance on more practical interactions, including human–human interactional activities (UT-Interaction, BIT-Interaction, and CASIA) and human–object interactional activities (Gupta video dataset).