Self-determination artillery can successfully aim at and destroy the target in time,and accomplish self-defence in a varied environment characterized by a terrain,then take the initiative in battle.Modeling the artillery is easier,but the environment model is very difficult.Regular control strategy can't solve these problems,so it is difficult to achive the expected results.By using fuzzy logic in data-fusion to realize multi-sensor data-fusion including aiming sight and bearing sensor and environment sensor on the self-determination artillery and construct a high-low rule base,a direction rule base and a trunnion modifying rule base,a fuzzy controller is designed.It provides the control strategy for artillery to make target tracking and accurate shot in uncertain environment.Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is feasible and valid.The conclusion can accelerate the realization of artillery digilization and improve the combat ability.


Agile software development practices encourage the evolutionary paradigm of software construction. The result is a series of changes made to the code and designs starting from an initial version. However, rarely do designs keep pace with the changes in code - rather they are often outdated with the first few releases. The problem is only compounded by the various design representations that together comprise the design (state diagrams, class diagrams etc.). This adversely affects development since it is best to begin the process of evolution with the latest design representation that is consistent with the code since it provides a high level view of the system that is easy to understand. Such evolutionary practices therefore present three main challenges from a development environment perspective: (1) Consistency amongst different design representations (2) Traceability of design into code and vice versa (3) Versioning of designs along with code to maintain a consistent view of the application evolution. Our research presents solutions to all three issues starting from a relational meta-model of development and design entities. We have already published results that showcase our solution to the first two problems - in this paper we present an algorithm to version design and code so that the developer always sees a consistent snapshot and prove that this algorithm satisfies the safety requirements of consistency. We also outline an architecture rooted in the layered SCM model to support our versioning scheme.


We present our recent work on the Diamond ensemble, a constructive family of points on ${\mathbb{S}^2}$ defined in [1]. Among the various characteristic of the Diamond ensemble we stand out that every set of points of the family is described by very simple formulas and that we can compute analytically also the expectation of the logarithmic energy of those sets of points. The value that we obtain for the logarithmic energy is by far, among the ones that have been proved for constructible sequences, the minimal to the date (see [2]).


In this paper we introduce a new Schwarz framework and theory, based on the well-known idea of space decomposition, for nonsymmetric and indefinite linear systems arising from continuous and discontinuous Galerkin approximations of general nonsymmetric and indefinite elliptic partial differential equations. The proposed Schwarz framework and theory are presented in a variational setting in Banach spaces instead of Hilbert spaces which is the case for the well-known symmetric and positive definite (SPD) Schwarz framework and theory. Condition number estimates for the additive and hybrid Schwarz preconditioners are established. The main idea of our nonsymmetric and indefinite Schwarz framework and theory is to use weak coercivity (satisfied by the nonsymmetric and indefinite bilinear form) induced norms to replace the standard bilinear form induced norm in the SPD Schwarz framework and theory. Applications of the proposed nonsymmetric and indefinite Schwarz framework and theory. Applications of the proposed nonsymmetric and indefinite Schwarz framework to solutions of discontinuous Galerkin approximations of convection-diffusion problems are also discussed. Extensive 1-D numerical experiments are also provided to gauge the performance of the proposed Schwarz methods.


Hypothesis / aims of study The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) was designed by Shumaker et al to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on activities and emotions in women. The Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI), which is meant to complement the IIQ, was developed at the same time by the same group to assess the degree to which symptoms associated with incontinence are troubling. Short forms of the IIQ and UDI were developed with the original data on the full-length questionnaire. Regression analyses suggested that a 7to 8-item questionnaire would accurately predict the IIQ long from total score, and a 6-item form would predict the UDI long form. We aimed to assess the validity of the short forms of Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-SF) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-SF) in incontinent women with an abnormal urodynamic diagnosis


Consumption of tobacco products has been deteriorating human health for centuries. As a resulttobacco smoke research has been carried out to understand the health impact to the activesmokers as well as passive smokers. However no attempt has been made to evaluate theimplicating to Sri Lankan population presumably due to lack of research facilities and interest.This project was initiated to fill the existing void Initial step of tobacco smoke research is the generation of tobacco smoke. Nearly all theresearches have employed standard smoking conditions prescribe by tobacco research councilusing a smoking maching to stimulate the smokers. Thus generated smoke for mainstream andside stream is collected separately to evaluate the health impact to active and passive smokersrespectively. In addition, the information generae j using standard conditions enable theresearches to compare their results with the others in interpreting the health consequences. Initiating the tobacco smoke research, our primary objective was to construct a smokingmachine, which is not commerciallyt available in Sri Lanka. A user-friendly smoking machinewas design and constructed for a cost of two thousand Sri Lankan rupees. Which is at least 50times less expensive than a foreign smoking machine. Yet it simulates the actual smokingconditions generate the mainstream and the side stream separately for the analysis. The constructed smoking maching also utilized to cemonstrates the intake of smoke and itsdeposition in the respiratory tract of a smoker. Here the mainstream smoke emitted from themarchine was directed through a transparent tube simulating the passage through the respiratorytract. This set up can be utilized in public awareness programmes to demote the smokingpractices among the Sri Lankan public. Reproducible smoke generation, ability to change thesmoking parameters and the low cost are some of the attractive features of the constructed multipurposesmoking machine.


Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is an important, common, and dangerous complication of pregnancy that causes maternal and perinatal illness and is responsible for a high proportion of maternal and infant deaths. PE is associated with increased blood pressure and proteinuria, with a whole host of other potentially serious complications in the mother and fetus. The maternal syndrome in PE is primarily that of generalized dysfunction of the maternal endothelium, and this generalized endothelial dysfunction appears to be part of an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response that involves maternal leukocytes and proinflammatory cytokines. Objective: This review aimed to study the role of cytokines in preeclampsia. Methods: The databases were searched for articles published in English in 3 data bases: PubMed, Google scholar and science direct. Also, Boolean operators (and, or, not) had been used such as cytokines and preeclampsia OR cytokines and pregnancy and in peer-reviewed articles between June 1991 and April 2021. Conclusion: Cytokines can be used as biomarkers for the prediction and better clinical management of preeclampsia in the initial stages. The balanced ratio of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines is essential to regulate the maternal inflammation system throughout pregnancy.


As a language, English has now spread all over the world and has been known by quite a few people currently. English is known as crucial and salient to learn. The language quite reveals complexities that make some people sometimes give in to continue studying it. It has such as grammar, linguistic terms, and other rules that play a very significant role while applied to daily life. One of the rules that are quite hard to do is combining words within a sentence called as collocation. This paper aims at investigating whether the students at University of Islam Malang have known about collocation. In this study, the researcher conducted a quick survey. The data was collected with an open-questionnaire containing five different sentences in which the students should translate the Indonesian sentence into English correctly using a correct combination of words. The result of the study revealed that the students from University of Islam Malang still have been committing errors in combining words in a sentence; it is due to their little acquaintance with collocation even having no knowledge of it. Since it has happened to the students, by conducting this small research, the researcher expects that the students may learn much more about collocation either from this paper or other resources with regards to collocation learning in English.

Keywords: English, Collocation, Students of University of Islam Malang


Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) including Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are high‐mortality adverse drug reactions. The risk factors and prognosis of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) concomitant with SCAR warrant clarification. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of DILI with SCAR.


Video upscaling is a common task performing the adaption of the actual video resolution to the screen display area. The extensively used interpolation methods are easily implemented but usually result in some artifacts, such as blurring and aliasing effects. This paper proposes to combine sharpening with interpolation to reduce the blurring effects of enlarged videos, in which videos are firstly preprocessed with sharpening to enhance profiles so as to compensate the loss of high-frequency components during interpolation. To tune sharpness degree in sharpening procedure, the blurriness metric considering image gradients as well as pixel intensities is particularly suggested and the generation rule for sharpening strength is accordingly regulated. In practice, three representative interpolation methods, namely, Bilinear, Bicubic and Lanczos, are experimentally incorporated into our framework to carry out validation. Results with respect to both original and decoded videos show the significant objective and subjective improvements against the respective regular interpolation.


A novel four-quadrant CMOS analog multiplier has been designed and integrated using linearized differential stages as basic building blocks. The multiplier offers high input resistance and linear input ranges of /spl plusmn/2.5 V for a supply voltage of /spl plusmn/5 V. A 3-dB bandwidth of at least 1.6 MHz is attainable for either input.


Abstract Networked social movements can create autonomous communication networks supported by digital media and are often viewed as leaderless and decentralized under the logic of connective action. Nevertheless, a certain level of leadership may exist and is informally distributed among movement participants. This essay examines protest activities in networked social movements and discusses how loosely connected protests can be collectively mobilized and organized utilizing social media affordances through two forms of participatory activity: symbolic participation and spontaneous interaction. Specifically, this essay investigates the messages and chats of the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill movement (anti-ELAB) in Hong Kong on the public channels of the social media platform Telegram. An analysis of two million anti-ELAB messages revealed two important protest activities conducted to organize and mobilize social movements. First, Telegram users, although they varied in their usage of the platform's technology, engaged with subscription models to navigate the symbolic and tactical repertoires of diverse user groups and to organize theme-oriented actions by creating informative, supportive/backup, and cooperative networks. Second, they employed hashtags to promote and organize spontaneous interactions to rally and sustain autonomous individuals. Furthermore, geolocation hashtags allowed for engagement with others by scaffolding real-time and spontaneous communications that transcended space and time. This essay provides insights into how participants in networked social movements use digital media to mobilize, organize, publicize, and participate in protests.


The fusion gene gs3s2 which consists of three key enzymes of potato tubers starch synthesis gbss, ssⅢ and ssⅡgene fragments was amplified by one-step overlap PCR.Six primers and three templates were used in this PCR reaction system. Furthermore, inhomogeneity template DNA was added separately to explore whether these gene segments could be extended. Our result indicated that fusion gene could be obtained only once-PCR reaction by PCR-driven overlap extension method and could not extracting PCR products from agarose gel. Compared with the classical overlap PCR method, this method is a real celerity, highly efficient technique for gene splicing.


Water samples were collected from twelve locations along the Ethiope River, Delta State, Nigeria to determine the petroleum degrading potentials of bacterial isolates and their x-ray mutants using standard methods. Bacteria isolated were Bacillus sp, Klesiella sp, Escherichia sp, Micrococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp. All the isolates and their x-ray mutants possessed ability to degrade 1% (v/v) Forcados crude-oil with Bacillus sp, Escherichia sp and Pseudomonas sp isolated from a location, with reported crude-oil spillage, degrading 2.5% (v/v). X-ray mutation led to % kill that ranged from 3.58 (Micrococcus sp) to 11.59 (Streptococcus sp). There were reduction in crude-oil degradation in mutants from 0.33% (Escherichia sp) to 6.31% (Pseudomonas sp) with parent Pseudomonas sp (1.680 ppm) and mutant Streptococcus sp (1.474 ppm) being highest and least degraders respectively. Statistically significant differences (t= 0.95) in crude-oil degradation were observed for parents and mutants of Streptococcus sp, Escherichia sp and klebsiella sp but not for Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Micrococcus sp. Thus, irrespective of source of isolation on the Ethiope River, crude-oil degrading bacteria abound with increased ability on exposure to crude-oil pollution and reduced ability on xray mutation. The bacteria encountered in this study could be employed in bioremediation of crudeoil polluted environments. Original Research Article Emmanuel et al.; BMRJ, 6(3): 175-184, 2015; Article no.BMRJ.2015.070 176


The key factors of influencing leaching rate and tailings grade are analyzed.It is pointed out that scientifically controlling the conditions of heap leaching,strengthening the measures of heap leaching are the main methods to enhance the leaching rate and reduce the tailings grade.Suggestions on reuse techniques of tailings are presented.


The microfluidic sensor based on the silicon is fabricated with the microelectronic technique and micromechanical process, including micro-heater and temperature sensor. Under the operational mode of constant heating power, the characters of microfluidic sensor are analyzed in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the measurement range of microfluidic sensor is about from 10 μL/min to 800 μl/min.


The present study was conducted in eight randomly selected villages of Ganderbal district in Kashmir valley. Data was collected through structured interview schedule. A total sample size was constituted with 240 livestock farmers to study the relationship between knowledge of livestock farmers towards different farming practices and various socio-economic characteristics. The study revealed that majority of livestock farmers were at medium age and belonged to homogenous religion and caste group. The average income of livestock farmers from animal husbandry was Rs. 8657 per annum which contributed 7.58 per cent to their total family income. The study also revealed that a positive and significant correlation existed between effective herd size, farming experience, income from the livestock source and overall knowledge level of the farmers regarding animal husbandry practices. Form the overall study it was found that majority of livestock farmers were possessing low level of knowledge about scientific livestock practices.


This book draws on in-depth research with marginalised young people and the professionals who support them to explore the implications of a 'vulnerability zeitgeist', asking how far the rise of vulnerability in welfare and criminal justice processes serves the interests of those who are most disadvantaged.


Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) includes aspects of physical, psychological, and social well-being issues for people with epilepsy. QOLIE questionnaires can be used to assess the effects of seizures and medications on cognitive function, memory, mood, physical health, and health perceptions. Monitoring HRQOL in epilepsy allows patients to express their concerns about a variety of issues affected by the diagnosis that often are not brought to the attention of the physician.


Kidnapping crime is one of the serious violence crimes that occur frequently.The studying of kidnapping crime can be perfect by learning its cause,main characteristics,danger and the judicial identification and the measures to investigation.At the same time,it can provide helpless for the legislation in crime and judicial practice.


Nowadays climate change is expected to affect society in a number of ways ranging from food security to water resources. Water plays an important role in the socio-economic development of any society. Thus, this study mainly deals with assessing climate change impact on water availability of Bilate watershed, Ethiopian Rift Valley Basin. The watershed is situated in Ethiopian Rift Valley Basin and covers an area of about 3643 km2 in which Bilate river is the main river flowing throughout the year. To project the probable impact of climate change on the available water, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) atmosphere-oceans Global circulation Model (GCM) was used since it is the only GCM model that has grid box containing the study area for Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). The output of HadCM3 coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM model for the A2a and B2a Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) were used to produce future scenarios of precipitation and temperature. Climate change scenarios of precipitation and temperature were developed at two upper and lower stations of the watershed for three periods namely; 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2070-2099 and their respective changes were determined as deltas (for temperature) and as percentages (for precipitation) from the base period values. The future climate variable such as daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature found as an output from the GCM model and downscaled by the SDSM model and the likely change in land use were given directly as an input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT simulation of future average annual flow shows a decreasing trend in 2011-2040 periods and an increasing trend in 2041-2070 periods. The average total annual flow at outlet of the watershed might decrease up to 3.7% for A2a scenario and 1.5% for B2a scenario for the 2011-2040 periods but for 2041-2070 periods it might increase up to 2.6% for A2a scenario and 3.7% for B2a scenario. The decrease in the future flow of 2011-2040 periods might be insufficient in some months to meet future demands for water of the ever increasing population with in and around the watershed. Adopting water storage options to store the excess water flowing during the rainy period is crucial.


The DRAGON recoil separator facility, designed to measure the rates of radiative proton and alpha capture reactions important for nuclear astrophysics, is now operational at the TRIUMF‐ISAC radioactive beam facility in Vancouver, Canada. We report on first measurements of the 21Na(p,γ)22Mg reaction rate with radioactive beams of 21Na.


A lot of real-time database (RTDB) research has been done to process transactions in a timely fashion using fresh data reflecting the current real world status. However, most existing RTDB work is based on simulations. Due to the absence of a publicly available RTDB testbed, it is very hard to evaluate real-time data management techniques in a realistic environment. To address the problem, we design and develop an initial version of a RTDB testbed, called Chronos, atop an open source database. We develop soft real-time database workloads that model online stock trades, providing several knobs to specify workloads for RTDB performance evaluation. In addition, we develop a QoS management scheme in Chronos to detect overload and reduce workloads, via admission control and adaptive temporal data updates, under overload. From the extensive experiments using the stock trading workloads developed in Chronos, we observe that adaptive updates can considerably improve the transaction timeliness. We also observe that admission control can only enhance the timeliness under severe overload, possibly causing underutilization problems for moderate workloads. Overall, we observe several results different from simulation-based work, warranting the need for RTDB performance evaluation in a real database system.


The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of corporate finance theories in order to outline already established and future trajectories. Compared with the earliest theories developed in the field (which mainly focused on the capital structure irrelevance), specialist literature has been enriched with wide-ranging debates on identifying the implications of financial decisions on the firm's value, corporate governance, market strategies, etc. The existing body of theories on corporate finance has provided analytical frameworks vital for grounding, understanding and implementing firms' capital structure policies. However, the theories developed have certain limitations, which pose challenges for further research. After a brief description of the main theories developed in the field, the study presents the drivers that prompted various researches in the area of firms' financing. The study suggests that the evolution of corporate finance theories bears the mark of the dominant trend in contemporary science – designing new theories that overturn tradition.


Summary Preventive medicine is aimed at disease fighting before clinical manifestations take place, mainly at control of the respective risk factors. General measures in terms of life-style modification are much more important, proficient and cost-effective than drugs. Therefore the use of medicines in this field must be particularly well funded and considerate since hasty drug prescription may do more harm than good.


The requirements of portable devices and other applications for a compact and efficient power converter drives the integration of power converters. However, conventional switched-inductor and switched-capacitor converters struggle with these requirements in integrated circuit dimensions. This paper introduces the state-of-the-art of a growing trend in integrated power converters, called hybrid switched converters. Here, the issues of conventional topologies are introduced, as well as the improvements addressed by hybrid converters, in terms of power efficiency, power density and voltage conversion ratio. Also, the characteristics of the four main trends in fully and highly integrated hybrid switched converters topologies are discussed.  Finally, their state-of-the-art metrics are presented and compared to the metrics of conventional integrated switched converters.


Color words in Chinese and English languages as a big part of vocabulary have played a very important role in the communication.Because of different languages and cultures,each color word in Chinese does not always have a precise equivalent in English and vice versa.This paper focuses on two color words: "red" and "black",proposing the usage of color words in Chinese and English based on semantic analysis,comparison,summary and the differences in cultural background of these two words.


A detailed theoretical study of the response of a uniform flat rectangular panel to a sonic boom (or "N" wave) is presented. Both cases, where the N wave arrives normal to the panel surface and where the shock front arrives at any angle of incidence and crosses the panel parallel to one side, are considered. Closed‐form solutions (for individual modes) are given for the cases of simply supported panel response to normal and traveling N waves; an approximate solution is presented for the response of a panel with fully fixed edges to a normal N wave. The Duhamel integral method used gives panel displacement‐, strain‐, and stress‐time histories for any point on the panel. The analyses derived have engineering applications in the computation of window or wall‐panel response to sonic boom. Some comparison made between theory and experiment. Good agreement is shown to exist between measured and predicted strain maxima and fair agreement to exist between the early parts of the strain‐time histories, despite some differences between the experimental and theoretical models. The necessity to include the contributions due to the higher modes is clearly borne out in theory and experiment, particularly for accuracy in strain‐time histories.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a boron zinc composite oxide in a micronano structure. The preparation method of the boron zinc composite oxide in the micronano structure comprises the following steps: respectively adding water and boric acid into a reaction vessel, after temperature of a system is increased to 30-80 DEG C, adding zinc oxide, performing thermal insulation, circulating turbulent flow for 60-240 minutes, and then directly filtering and separating without washing, wherein filtrate is directly recycled; drying a filter cake at the temperature of 100-120 DEG C. By adopting the preparation method of the boron zinc composite oxide in the micronano structure, a woollen yarn coil-like boron zinc composite oxide nanosheet cluster with good fluidity and high dispersibility is prepared, primary particles are smaller than 100nm, particle size of the cluster is 5-10 microns, and the prepared boron zinc composite oxide in the micronano structure can serve as a fire retardant for a polymer and an inorganic composite material reinforcing and quick coagulating agent.


Until recently, in per capita terms, Portugal was one of the most significant European contributors to international United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations around the world. In the last few years, European Union and NATO missions and operations have topped deployment to UN operations. One can thus state that participation in peace support operations (PSO) has become a lodestar of Portuguese defence and foreign policies. The range of forces deployed, as well as the geographical diversity of deployment attest to the ambition and effort made by the Portuguese governments in becoming relevant in international affairs through PSO in the last 30 years. Given the limitations of a small power as Portugal, specialisation in the field of PSO is an asset for its positioning on the international scene, endowing it with a more active voice in matters of collective security and access to leadership positions.


Objective To explore the best time of the subglottic secretion drainage.Methods A total of 94 patients with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for over 48 hours were randomly divided into three groups of A,B and C.And 4 hours,8 hours and 12 hours intermittent subglottic secretion drainage were done respectively in group A,B and C.Results The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,mortality,duration of mechanical ventilation in group 4 hours and group 8 hours were lower than those of 12 hours group(P0.05).The indicators were no significant difference between group 4 hours and group 8 hours(P0.05).Conclusion The 8 hours intermittent subglottic secretion drainage can significantly reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia,minimize the duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality and save the costs,thus it is the best clearing time.


C50 self-compacting expansive concrete with good workability and expansive property was prepared in this paper.The mechanical properties of the pure concretes and the concrete filled steel tube(CFST) were experimentally tested.Based on the experimental results,finite element method was used to analyze the self-stress and bearing properties of concrete filled steel tube.The results show that,when the expansive agent is added properly,the mechanical properties of expansive CFST is better,and its maximum bearing capacity is 7% more than that of ordinary CFST.Finite element method can preferably evaluate the testing results,which give us a new method for the similar experiments in the future.


BACKGROUND: Lobular carcinoma in situ was first described in the 40s. Its incidence is low, representing several studies from 0.5 to 3. 6% of specimens of presumably benign breast biopsies. Usually not palpable on clinical and not have any specific change in mammography. These lesions are recognized tendency to multifocality, and the bilateral occurs in approximately 25% of cases. This report describes a case of lobular carcinoma in situ with unusual features: clinically palpable and extensive.
REPORT: GHS, female, 42 years, physical therapist, came to us on 18. 04. 2012 with a history of hardening in the right breast for 2 months. It states that the breast was warmer than the left, but denied hyperemia. Menarche: 12 years old. Childless.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Right breast: hard and irregular nodular area in the upper outer quadrant of approximately 5.5 cm x 4. 6 cm and mobile. Most hardened area in the Upper External / Axillary Extension. Armpit Right: level II lymph node slightly hardened. Difficult to assess. Left Breast: mild thickening. Left Armpit: unchanged.
ADDITIONAL EXAMS: Mammography (03/22/2012): dense breasts without lesions. Breast Ultrasound (03/22/2012): no suspicious lesions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (04/20/2012): ill- defined nodular thickening in the upper outer quadrant of right breast measuring approximately 9. 0 cm x 4. 0 cm (BIRADS V). CORE BIOPSY-FREE HAND (04/23/2012 ): Lobular carcinoma in situ involving four quarters of the core pieces (95% sample). Presence of microscopic focus can not be excluded micro invasion. The patient underwent incision biopsy ( 01/05/2012), with very representative fragment. Histopathology examination revealed: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ, confirmed the result after performing immunohistochemistry micro invasion. In the Session Service of Mastology, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza decided to perform skin sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node and immediate reconstruction of the right breast. The histopathology of the surgical describes: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ, with suspected area of invasion measuring 1. 1 mm at a depth corresponding to the region upper outer quadrant.
DISCUSSION: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is usually an incidental finding at surgery performed for other reasons, is not identified because in most cases is not associated with calcifications and does not form a palpable mass. This report describes a case of lobular carcinoma in situ with the clinical pathological features quite different from those described in the literature.


Developing countries today compete to attract foreign direct investment to their local hotel industry. Branding and promotion are the ones of the business activities that can assist to the achievement of good performance. Therefore, this study had a general objective of examining the influence of branding and promotion activities to the business growth, case of Serena Hotel. The target population was Serena hotel employees and its customers. The study adopted purposive and simple random sampling methods to select 133 potential respondents. The quantitative data were collected by using administered questionnaires sent to the customers and employees of targeted population and documentary technique have been used for qualitative data collection. Thereafter, statistical techniques have been used to summarize the information. Data from the field were cleaned, sorted, coded, tabulated and statistically analyzed by using SPSS. Among 133 questionnaires sent to the respondents, only 125 were returned for analysis. In data analysis, descriptive statistic was used to compute the frequency and percentages. The results obtained concluded branding and promotion activities were important variables to influence business growth of Serena hotel. As a conclusion, the findings of the study showed that advertising, sales promotions, public relations, personal selling direct marketing and product branding had stronger impact on business growth in Serena Hotel/Rwanda. The recommendations have been given to different domains and the areas for further researches had been identified.


This paper describes a nontraditional approach to evaluating student writing: holistic grading. It involves much less time on the instructor's part and still yields a fair assessment of student writing. The rationale behind holistic assessment is to read a paper as an entire entity and to avoid dissecting it for details like spelling, punctuation, organization, etc. The paper is read and evaluated as a whole. Holistic assessment is used by many colleges and universities to evaluate final exams in lower-division writing classes.


Pondering the multiple facets of education is an ageold endeavor; however, in the 20th century, it became a science . . . literally. Stemming from pioneering work in scientific curriculum design by Bobbitt (1918) that likened knowledge production to efficient industrial production, the dominant paradigms in school development and reform have tended toward that which could be easily measured and systematized and done so in the most economical way. Never have we seen this more powerfully than in today's standards movement, highstakes policies, and a businessification of education that prioritizes economic ends over their intellectual means. Far from visions of schooling that center on treating each individual child to a holistic, personally relevant experience that engages his or her critical, moral, relational, cultural and democratic capacities (Counts, 2013; Dewey, 1916; Nussbaum, 2007), education policy has tended in recent years to emphasize fixed, prescribed content and a "banking model" of pedagogy (Freire, 1970/1993), now imposed and enforced, ironically, in the neoliberal educational "marketplace." With several years of these policies now behind us, many scholars and researchers have justly criticized this push for broad curricular and pedagogical standardization, devaluing of teacher experience and teacher education, highstakes testing and accountability, overemphasis on competition, and general privatization of educational public goods, most of which have conveniently created lucrative opportunities for businesses, politicians, and philanthropists who only claim to be working toward educational excellence and social equality (Aronowitz, 2004; Au, 2009; BenPorath, 2013; Giroux, 2005; Lipman, 2009; Saltman, 2009, 2012; Stovall, 2013). Despite these reforms' overall failure to meet even their own minimal criteria of increased test scores and cost savings, such agendas persist and thrive. As a critical scholar, Saltman sees this perpetuation as proof of a different intent— the reforms have wildly succeeded in covertly preserving a dual system of public schooling between the haves and the havenots that also ensures corporate profits in the short term through pillaging of public education funds, and profits in the long term by cultivating an uncritical and exploitable future workforce. Neoliberal, entrepreneurial dogma is imposed under the pretense of rescuing a supposedly failed public system while in reality delivering much of the same to the already underserved and marginalized children in these schools. In the introduction to his book The Failure of Corporate School Reform, Saltman (2012) recollects the various titles it could have had, one of which was The New TwoTiered System of Public Education: Privatized at the Bottom. He chose the title he did specifically to reverse the rhetoric of "failure" being hurled at public schools. He contends that claims about our schools failing were exaggerated in the first place, and that because it has largely ignored the real reasons schools were ever actually suffering, corporate school reform is what is actually failing. In my own musings on what should be the title of this review, the one I chose comes from a popular video game in which the player is made to solve dangerous physical puzzles by an illintentioned artificial intelligence that promises the player cake if she succeeds— the player eventually


A thermoplastic resin composition includes (A) thermoplas tic resin in an amount of about 100 parts by weight, (B) flame retardant in an amount of about 1 to about 10 parts by weight, and (C) carbon nanotubes in an amount of about 0.005 to about 0.05 parts by weight. The thermoplastic resin compo sition of the present invention can have excellent anti-drip ping properties.


Objective To investigate the effect of usual dose of Dezocine acting on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery during recovery time with agitation. Methods 90 patients with ASAI-II,aged 30 ~ 60, undergoing electively laparoscopic hysterectomy or adnexectomy were involved and divided into 3 groups randomly: group Dezocine 5mg( group D1),group Dezocine 10mg( groupD2),and control group( group C), each group of 30 patients. At 15 mins before operation ended,patients in group D1 and group D2 were intravenously given Dezocine 5mgs and Dezocine 10mgs separately,and patients in group C were given same volume NS I. V. Then observe patients ' RS,VAS,RSS,recovery time,occurrence of respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting in each group after exudation while they were still in the operation room or PACU. Results RS and adverse reaction occurrence rate in group D1 and D2 were obviously lower than group C( P 0. 05) and clearly,these in group D2 was lower than group D1( P 0. 05); there was no statistical difference of recovery time and medication adverse reaction in these three groups. Conclusions Safely and effectively,patients ' agitation after general anesthesia can be prevented by giving Dezocine 10mgs I. V. 15mins before operation ended,and this can also relief patients' feeling of pain with less adverse reaction.


Cephalosporins are known as 3 rd generation broad spectrum Beta lactam antibiotics, which can also be produced synthetically. Commonly, chemical ring expansion followed by an enzymatic removal of the phenylacetyl side chain is commonly employed to convert penicillin G into 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, the precursor for the manufacture of semisynthetic cephalosporins. This process requires several steps, is expensive and highly polluting. Thus there is a need to device a simple biological route to replace the chemical process. A mutant of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 was reported to converts Penicillin G to Deacetoxycephalosporin G (DAOG;phenylacetyl-7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid) enzymatically (5,8) . This enzyme, deacetoxycephalosporin synthase has the potential for the large scale transformation of Penicillin G to deacetoxycephalosporin. The present work studies the conditions required for efficient transformation of Penicillin G to Deacetoxycephalosporin using the wild type strain Streptomyces clavuligerus . Detection of cephalosporin was carried out using various methods. Additionally succinic acid formation was also studied as it could be used as a commercially important by product of the transformation. Deacetoxycephalosporin synthase also extracted and partially purified and characterised.


Tu Shen,a scholar in the reign of Emperors Qianlong and Jiajing of the Qing Dynasty,made friends with Hong Liangji,Huang Jingren and others by their poetry.His novels are characterized by abstruse language and absurd stories.Lu Qi,one of his bosom friends,said that his recreational articles were all abstruse in language,unrestrained in high spirits but bitter in fantastic plots.His unique writing style gained fleeting fame,which originated from the influence of the social trend of thought and academic tendency at that time,the atmosphere of talking about something unusual among Tu Shen's friends and Tu's own disposition and personal experience.


A technique for the optimization of the iteration (design) parameter of filters used in frequency-domain iterative deconvolution methods is presented. The technique allows the filter optimization to be performed in the frequency-domain instead of the time domain, which translates into tremendous saving of computation time. The technique provides a quantitative measure of the performance of the filter regarding noise reduction and filtration error. Illustrative examples using computer simulation as well as experimental data are given. The demonstrations show that the technique yields reliable results for the deconvolution of signals in the presence of noise. >


Pathological changes within an organ might be reflected in proteomic patterns in serum. Mass spectrometry is becoming an important tool that generates the proteomic Patterns. Mass spectrometry yields complex functional data for which the features of scientific interest are the peaks. Due to this complexity of data, a higher order analysis such as wavelet transform is needed to uncover the differences in proteomic patterns. We have applied wavelet based feature extraction method to available data and used a filter approach to feature subset selection in order to identify the appropriate biomarkers from reconstructed mass spectra. Using different classification algorithms, our approach yielded an accuracy of 98%, specificity of 97%, and sensitivity of 100%.


To date, more than 575 software professionals have taken and passed the IEEE Computer Society Certified Software Development Professional exam. The test, together with CSDP training courses and other preparation materials, gives Computer Society members and others the opportunity to challenge themselves and enhance their knowledge of the most important concepts in software engineering. The IEEE Computer Society congratulates the following software development professionals who have recently achieved the sought-after CSDP endorsement.


This introduction reframes the history of the U.S. Supreme Court decision Hague v. CIO (1939) that guaranteed speech and assembly rights in public municipal forums under federal law for the first time. It lifts the story out of standard treatment as a product of police repression of labor organizers by city boss Frank Hague, exploring instead the case's broader roots in multiple changes in city governance, policing, the labor movement, civil liberties law, and anticommunism and antifascism politics of the late New Deal era. It urges examination of all sides of the controversy, winners and losers, scrutinizing evidence beyond antiboss sources, including varied newspapers, municipal reports, trial transcripts, labor archives, and federal court records. It views the case as part of a constitutional watershed.


The authors are the Officer in Charge and one of the Care Officers of a local authority residential home for the elderly mentally infirm. Describes the staff′s experience in designing and implementing a quality assurance system under ISO 9000. Looks at the way in which the project was tackled, and the resulting benefits to the residents, the staff team, and the overall atmosphere of the home.


This paper presents the results of investigations recently done by our research group that improve the properties stability of GMI sensors by exploring the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) and the GMI-hysteresis of Co67Fe4.5Cu1Si12.5B15 amorphous thin strips, which was the most promising soft magnetic material could be used in the weak magnetic transducers. The amorphous thin strips were prepared by the so-called planar flow casting technology. With the circumferential driving mode, the changes of the GMI on the frequency of the ac current under different external magnetic field were measured on Agilent 4294A precision impedance analyzer. The maximum GMI ratio of 201.4% was observed. The field sensitivity, (δZ/Z)/δH, has reached 413.2%. Additionally, the ratio of GMI changes of the CoFeCuSiB amorphous thin strips could be control under 1%, by the optimum parameters of this amorphous strip, such as the DC current and the time of joule current annealing, the dc level and frequency of the excitation current, the driving method.


This work deals with an experiment on mixed zooplanktonic organisms collected from the shore water of Diu coast. The study analyzed and measured lipid peroxidation (LPX), as a marker of oxidative stress and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, as a marker of organic pollution. Both LPX and GST activities were highest at the stations close to the shore and marginally decreased along with transect. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were highly variable. The results were discussed in relation to the biomarker application of mixed zooplankton, lipid peroxidation (LPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The results indicated that, the three potential markers (LPX, GST and GSH), could be used as a measure for bio-monitoring the costal ecosystem using mixed zooplankton as suitable organisms. Key words: Zooplankton, lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione.


–The drugs used in clinical practice are toxic, increase patient compliance, and generally do not result in a cure, and there has also been a surge in drug resistance. Additionally, a major challenge in drug treatment lies in reaching the intracellular sites infected by the pathogens. The development of nanotechnologybased drug delivery systems for drugs intended to treat neglected diseases is a promising avenue because the use of nano-carriers presents the ability to target drugs to the infected cells, and the prolonged drug release profile possible with these systems permits longer contact between the drug and the infectious agent. Nanotechnology is a new technology in medicine which changes the existing thinking ability and activities. The importance of nanotechnology on drug delivery has helped to improve the efficacy of available therapeutics and will likely enable the creation of entirely new therapeutic entities. For tissue engineering, nanotechnology has also opened the door to new approaches that could stimulate the reconstruction of complex tissue architectures. Nano technology has a great role for further chemotherapeutic activities of cancer cell treatment. Nanotechnology has provided the possibility of delivery of drugs to specific cells by use of nanoparticles. This technology has strengthen tissues protein and peptide delivery. Nanotechnology applies in tissue engineering, visualization of tumor cells and neuro electronic interface activities. This technology uses nanoparticles for detection of infected vital cells. Keywords––cancer, drug delivery, nanotechnology, nanomedicine


Meat tenderness has been identified as one of the major concerns of the beef industry, especially in animals with indicine ancestry. Most important production traits in cattle are polygenic and are controlled by a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Genome-wide association studies utilizing Bayesian or GBLUP models used for genomic selection are increasingly being used to identify QTLs associated with complex traits. Six hundred and four Nelore steers out of 34 sires chosen to represent the main breeding lineages in Brazil, were used to identify QTLs for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) measured at 14 days post-slaughter. After filtering Kleinfelter individuals (N=1) and for call rate, allele frequency and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium genotypes were available for 687,681 SNP loci from the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip on both the steers and their sires and 0.80% of missing values were imputed using BEAGLE. The genotypic and residual variances for WBSF were estimated using BayesC (h =0.095) and the parameter Π was estimated using BayesCΠ. Using these genetic and residual variance, and Π estimates as starting values, BayesB was used to estimate marker effects for WBSF. All analyses were performed using GenSel software. This analysis identified QTLs for meat tenderness in Nelore cattle.


Objectives To determine the prevalence of concurrent malaria and dengue fever, aetiologies, and the association between the two infections in Africa. Methods We assessed evidence from previous studies in Africa that were available in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases between January 01, 2005, and March 30, 2022. Results A total of 3942 studies were identified from the databases of which 30 studies from 13 African countries, including 25,241 febrile patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta (cid:0) analysis showed a 4.0% pooled prevalence of concurrent malaria and dengue fever in (sub-Saharan) Africa, and the highest rate was recorded in Central Africa (5.8%) followed by East Africa (4.7%) and West Africa (2.8%). Children <18 years old (57%) and females (52.8%) were more affected by the co-infection than adults and females, respectively. The dengue virus serotypes identified were DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-1, and DENV-4 in descending order with a proportion of 39%, 31%, 27%, and 3%, respectively. Moreover, Plasmodium falciparum was the only specified malaria parasite in the co-infection among the included studies. Significantly higher odds of malaria infection were documented due to dengue fever when compared with malaria mono-infection. However, no significant odds of acute dengue co-infection were recorded due to malaria in contrast to dengue mono-infection. Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of concurrent malaria and dengue fever in Africa. Healthcare workers should bear in mind the possibility of dengue infection as differential diagnoses for acute febrile illness as well as the possibility of co-existent malaria and dengue in endemic areas. Also, high-quality multi-centre studies are required to verify the above conclusions.


Delft University of Technology is playing a leading role worldwide in the development of open and online education. The university started to offer online education since 2012 and in September 2015, the first 60 online students followed paid online courses. The university expected to accommodate two thousand paying online students in 2017. In order to create an excellent student experience for these online learners, a "warm touch" is proposed by the university corporate offices (from the presentation, "TU Delft Online Learning", 2015). To comply with the goal of the university in providing better online education for the growing number of audience worldwide, the client of this project, the TU Delft library, wants to contribute to the online learning experience of this new customer segment. The goal of the assignment is to create a "warm touch" which shows the hospitality of the university and makes the online learners feel being part of the TU Delft community. The "warm" is further defined by research on students' needs and wishes in the online learning environment. Interviews with different stakeholders were carried out to understand (1) the experiences and needs of online students and (2) the process of delivering an online course. A service blueprint was made to show how the learners interact with the current course system (front end) and how the stakeholders are involved in supporting the system (back end). Based on this service blueprint, four opportunities were identified for the library to provide their service for the online learners. This project focused on the direction of how the library can enhance the online learning experience by facilitating the interaction between the online learners during the course. User research was carried out to gather insights from the online learners and define the "warm touch". Observations were conducted on the current forum of four ongoing online master courses in September 2015. It is shown that online learners were open to talk about who they are and they showed interest to each other's professions and motivations. There is a need for seeking connection and recognition. However, the TU Delft online learning platform did not provide a space encouraging these discussions. Thus, the design goal is to create a warm environment which they can share their personal luggage. The interaction qualities in the warm environment includes (1) belongingness and support; (2) self-expression and appreciation and (3) curiosity. Based on these insights, the following concepts were created: (1) Talk of the week; (2) Co-note and (3) Give a hand. People who had online learning experiences were invited for individual sessions. The aim of the session was to gather more insights on their online learning experience and evaluate if the concepts meet the design goal. The third concept "Give a hand" was selected to be further developed because it enables the learners to express their feelings and emotions and encourages them to help out other people or ask for advice. With all the insights gathered from the evaluation, the final design of an online course platform came to form. This course platform creates a welcoming feeling for the learners and gives a sense of togetherness in the beginning. The user profile evokes curiosity about other learners and broader knowledge. After completing the course of the week. It enables the learners to express their feeling about the course and connect to other learners The design was prototyped and evaluated with the users and the stakeholders. The user evaluation was conducted with six people who had online learning experiences to understand if the design meets the design goal and gather further recommendations. The evaluation consisted of two parts: an individual user testing and a group session. The design received positive feedback and the results of the evaluation gave a lot of rich insights into the design of how the learners connect to others. Another evaluation was held in the Extension School with other stakeholders in the online education. All the suggestions was collected and recommendations for the further design was made. Recommendations for the library and the roadmap of implementation were proposed in the end of this project.


In the present study, fresh raw camel and cow's milk were concentrated to 20-30% total solids, and then freeze-dried under the temperature of (-50 °C to -75 °C), under vacuum. The physicochemical characteristics of the various freeze-dried powders were determined. The water activity (aw) of freezedried camel milk (FDC) and freeze-dried cow milk (FDW) ranged 0.253-0.307 and 0.1480.301, respectively. While aw of the commercial milk sample (CMD) was 0.326. Both FDC and FDW had reasonable flowability as indicated by measuring their hausner ratio which ranged between 1.15 and 1.24. FDC had higher insolubility index (0.65-0.85) when compared with those of FDW(0.25-.055). The yield and hygroscobisity of freeze-dried samples ranged between (81.42-94.57) and 22.12-27.32, respectively. The measurements for colour characteristics indicated that the lightness ranged between 91.20 and 94.34 while the commercial sample had a value of 94.45. All samples had acceptable lightness, yellowness and redness when compared with those of the commercial sample. Small variation were determined in some of the chemical components of the various samples of FDC, FDC and CMD. It is recommended in the present investigation that freeze-drying of milk could be an extremely effective method for producing dried powder from camel and cow's milk with little changes in most nutrient compounds.


This paper describes the process by which a development consent and mining lease was obtained for the extension of mining operations onto the alluvial lands of the Hunter River at Hunter Valley No. 1 Mine, in the Hunter Valley of NSW. Discussion is provided on the environmental feasibility studies and planning process that lead to the preparation of an EIS. Mining of alluvial lands of the Hunter River is a sensitive issue because of the agricultural potential of this class of land and the potential effects on hydraulic and geohydrological components of the area. Innovative solutions were developed to overcome the concerns and the subsequent development consent was the first to be given for coal mining on alluvial lands in the Hunter Valley.


In a recent study, better combustion characteristics in diesel engines resulted from air turbulence generated by a new intake port. This system provides a shorter combustion period due to vigorous reaction of fuel and air, which in turn results from the intimate mixing of the fuel droplets and air, referred to as the micro mixing effect. Micro mixing's principal contributions are its lack of increase in smoke density and improved fuel economy during the retardation of injection timing to lower NO/sub x/. Some new diesel engines using this combustion system, the Hino Micro Mixing System (HMMS), have already been developed. Characteristics of the phenomena of HMMS relative to combustion tuning have been investigated by high speed photography. Test results are reported for a single cylinder version of a commercial vehicle engine having a toroidal combustion chamber shape and a compression ratio of 17.8:1.


Various thiol esters are prepared in good yields by the reaction of thiols with acyloxypyridinium salts formed in situ from free carboxylic acids and 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate.


The purpose of the study is to examine the existence of causality between macroeconomic variables and stock returns in Ghana. The study employs monthly time series data spanning the period January 1995 to December 2010. Unit root test is performed using ADF, PP and KPSS tests. Then, Vector Error Correction (VECM) model is used to establish long-run and short-run relationship between stock performance and macroeconomic variables. In order to determine the existence or otherwise of causality, the Granger Causality tests is performed. Impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition are used to assess the stability of the relationship between stock returns and macroeconomic variables over time. The study reveals that a significant long run relationship exists between stock returns and inflation, money supply and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In the short-run, a significant relationship exists between stock returns and macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, inflation and money supply. In the short-run the relationship between stock returns and FDI is only imaginary. Our VECM coefficient shows that it takes approximately 20 months for the stock market to fully adjust to equilibrium position in case a macroeconomic shock occurs. Lastly, a causal relationship running from inflation and exchange rate to stock returns has been established. Then also, a causal relationship running from stock returns to money supply, interest rate and FDI has also been revealed. The findings imply that arbitrage profit opportunities exist in the Ghana stock market contrary to the dictates of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). In terms of original value,among the studies done on the topic in Ghana so far, this is the only study that incorporates dividend in the computation of returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange.


Another numerical solution of the general matrix differential equation \circ{X}=A_{1}X+XA_{2}+D, X(0)=C for X is considered without any stability condition for A 1 and A 2 . Like Davison's method, the proposed algorithm requires only some n 2 words of memory and n_{3 multiplications where n=\max(n_{1},n_{2}) and A \in R^{n_{1} \times n_{1}},A_{2} \in R^{n_{2} \times n_{2}} . This new approach is well suited to solve large and possibly unstable systems. We take the opportunity to run the differential equation for various D. A very efficient technique follows to design the so-called receding horizon control problem.


Dating 											Ritual Structures in Maeva, Huahine : Assessing the Development of Marae 											Structures in the Leeward Society 											Islands, French Polynesia


We implement an efficient method of computation of two dimensional Fourier-type integrals based on approximation of the integrand by Gaussian radial basis functions, which constitute a standard tool in approximation theory. As a result, we obtain a rapidly converging series expansion for the integrals, allowing for their accurate calculation. We apply this idea to the evaluation of diffraction integrals, used for the computation of the through-focus characteristics of an optical system. We implement this method and compare its performance in terms of complexity, accuracy and execution time with several alternative approaches, especially with the extended Nijboer-Zernike theory, which is also outlined in the text for the reader's convenience. The proposed method yields a reliable and fast scheme for simultaneous evaluation of such kind of integrals for several values of the defocus parameter, as required in the characterization of the through-focus optics.


This research concentrates on Malaysian language policy and its impacts on the development of English language (regarded as a second language in Malaysia) specifically on reading culture. The main objectives of this research are to investigate the weaknesses and strengths of the policy and also to come out with recommendations to improve the implementations of the policy. This qualitative research involves 345 experienced English language teachers and 11 experts who were asked to answer open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that policy has not yet achieved its goal to build English language reading culture among primary schools students due to several constraints and it needs some betterment in terms of the implementations.


This study aims to investigate the use of Moodle Learning Management System by Sudanese students, particularly forum and wiki collaborative tools. The participants for this study were 92 undergraduate students from University of Khartoum in Sudan, where face to face collaboration is a common indigenous way of learning. The students took part in a Software Engineering blended learning course during the first semester of 2010-2011 academic year. The students' use was assessed using Moodle activity report tool, wiki entries, forum transcripts and students' final examination marks. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to test for the relationship between using forum and wiki tools and the students' performance in the course. A detailed description of the students' use of the tools is provided. The study also showed a moderate correlation between participating in discussion forum and the students' performance in the course, and a low correlation between wiki participation and course performance.


The combination of the Semidiurnal and Diurnal Tidal Constituents results in a variability of tidal range and current speed through the months of the year. Tidal stream predicted from astronomical harmonic constituents and also tidal stream is a current that its speed can be optimized as renewable energy. Constituent Semidiurnal components have huge impact on the forming of tidal stream phase. Larantuka Strait is one of the highest current velocities in indonesia waters. This study uses the method of calculating the mean least squares analysis, with the approach of the vector of the current component to the tidal harmonic constituent. Tidal velocities exceeds 3 m/s in this area, this value is very potential. The results of current and tide analysis at this area showedstrong interaction. 0.73 at Formzhal value shows mixed tide type, prevailing semidiurnal. Constituent values which dominate in the forming of strong current are M2 with value of 2.22 m/s, and another semi diurnal contituent, S2 value at current vector is 1.11 m/s. The linkages between current velocity with tide shows advantage in the production of available maximum power in a day will varies on each tide type. An asymmetric pattern of both tidal elevation and tidal velocity can be observed during each day.


For a video which content does not follow specific production rules, or without professional editing, at least two problems should be solved to generate a good video summary. First, the summarization system should jointly model visual content in the spatial domain and visual dynamics in the temporal domain. Second, the system should consider the inconsistency between users, i.e., different users may annotate the same video segment with different importance scores. In this paper, we present a video summarization system that models spatiotemporal information of video segments, and predicts the distribution of importance scores for each segment. Based on the estimated importance scores, video summaries are generated by picking the ones with higher scores. We especially demonstrate the effectiveness of label distribution learning based on two video benchmarks.


(Received 5.7.1993~ accepted 8.10.1993) We investigated the effect of intravenous 2mM Troxerutine and lOmM (l Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and their combination on erythrocyte aggregation and deformability, blood viscosity and leukocyte adhesivity in rats made mildly diabetic (fasting glycemia: lOmM vs 6mM in controls; HbA 1c: 6.5% vs 3% in controls) by a low dose of streptozotocin (35mg/kg) injected via the saphenous vein. In diabetic rats, as compared to controls, erythrocyte aggregation and blood viscosity were dramatically increased (disaggregation shear stress: 5.2 ± 0.4 dynes/cm2 vs 3.7 ± 0.3 dynes/cm2 in controls), whereas erythrocyte deformability and mesenteric blood flow were sharply decreased. Moreover, leukocyte adhesivity was significantly increased. In diabetic rats, the combination of Troxerutine and Tocopherol improved all the above cited parameters. These data show that mild diabetes in rats results in many hemorheological disorders that can be largely corrected by Troxerutine and (l -Tocopherol.


Researches the method of attribute simplicity and decision rule simplicity about the decision information system, Basing on this method of attribute simplicity, This paper gives out the method of decision rule simplicity based on core value,and gives out the method of prioritizing decision rules, All of these can improve the decision ability.


The study was conducted in Belagavi district of Karnataka and identified the income and employment generation through Women Dairy Self Help Groups (WDSHGs). For the study, 90 members and non-members were selected randomly making a total of 180 respondents. Then, the sample was post stratified into small (1-3 milch animals), medium (4 & 5 milch animals) and large (6 & above milch animals) categories. Results of regression analysis showed that members have more monthly income from dairying than non-members. The season has found to be positive impact and it is significant, indicates that the more income in rainy season than in summer season. Also, found that average annual employment was found to be more for members as compared to non-members. In terms of time, more time spent on bringing fodder from the field. The study has concluded that WDSHGs has positive impact on income and employment of members in the study area.


Through the last decades, the impact of thermal comfort on the working performance of users and occupants of an indoor space has been a concern. Research papers concluded that natural ventilation quality directly impacts the levels of thermal comfort. Natural ventilation must be put into account during the design process in order to improve the inhabitant's efficiency and productivity. One example of daily long-term occupancy spaces is educational facilities. Many individuals spend long time receiving a considerable amount of knowledge and it takes additional time to apply this knowledge thus, this research is concerned with user's level of thermal comfort in design studios of educational facilities. The natural ventilation quality in spaces is affected by a number of parameters including orientation, opening design and many other factors. This research aims to investigate the conscious manipulation of space physical parameters and its impact on natural ventilation performance which subsequently affects thermal comfort of users. The current research uses inductive methods to define natural ventilation design considerations, which are used in a field study in a studio in the university building in Alexandria (AAST) to evaluate natural ventilation performance through analysing and comparing the current case to the developed framework. Also, the study conducts a computational fluid dynamics simulation. Results have proved that natural ventilation performance is successful by only 50% from the natural ventilation design framework, these results are supported by CFD simulation.


Electrodeposition is a promising low-cost method to fabricate nanostructured thermoelectric chalcogenide thin films. However, highly acidic environment (pH ≤ 1) is always required for this kind of electrodeposition. Here we demonstrated a facile and mild electrodeposition method for binary (PbTe, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3) and ternary (Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3) telluride thin films with citric acid as a complexing agent. Composition and phases of these telluride films were successfully controlled by adjusting bath composition and deposition potential. The effects of synthesis conditions on the resulting microstructure and compositional homogeneity were characterized by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).


Prostatitis accounts for approximately 10-14% of cases of urinary system infections admitted to urologists (1). Acute bacterial prostatitis (98-99%) is the most common type of prostatitis. Granulomatous prostatitis, which differs from chronic bacterial prostatitis, constitutes less than 1% of all prostatitis cases. Etiology is not exactly known (2). When the literature is examined, it is seen that the diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is often made after surgical interventions of the prostate, intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of bladder cancer, iatrogenic interventions or prostate biopsy performed under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance in patients having prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation. BCG treatment may increase dysuria and irritative symptoms, especially in patients with voiding dysfunction (3). In this article, we aimed to present a case of granulomatous prostatitis who was diagnosed with bladder cancer, had PSA elevation during intravesical BCG therapy, and underwent prostate biopsy under TRUS guidance.


The recently published human genome with its relatively modest number of genes has highlighted the importance of post‐transcriptional and post‐translational modifications, such as alternative splicing or glycosylation, in generating the complexities of human biology. The human UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) pyrophosphorylases AGX1 and AGX2, which differ in sequence by an alternatively spliced 17 residue peptide, are key enzymes synthesizing UDPGlcNAc, an essential precursor for protein glycosylation. To better understand the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes and the role of the alternatively spliced segment, we have solved the crystal structures of AGX1 and AGX2 in complexes with UDPGlcNAc (at 1.9 and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively) and UDPGalNAc (at 2.2 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively). Comparison with known structures classifies AGX1 and AGX2 as two new members of the SpsA‐GnT I Core superfamily and, together with mutagenesis analysis, helps identify residues critical for catalysis. Most importantly, our combined structural and biochemical data provide evidence for a change in the oligomeric assembly accompanied by a significant modification of the active site architecture, a result suggesting that the two isoforms generated by alternative splicing may have distinct catalytic properties.


Of course the weight of this treatment rests on the central approximation (7) in which the timedependent 6 is replaced by its average. In fact a slightly more elaborate calcu!ation indicates that, rather than being constant, 8 varies like ( r + h cos e)', with the consequence that ( r + h ) in the denominator of (15) should be ( r + h) ( l h2/rz)1'2. It must be concluded that the dependence of T on h is too delicate to be easily determined by this type of simple calculation. That apart, the structure of (15) is interesting; the absence of the transverse moment of inertia A per unit mass is particularly to be noted. The fact is, of course, that A enters into the conditions that determine whether complete inversion is possible. Given that these conditions are satisfied, A is not important in the relatively slow inversion process, despite the obvious fact that the spin must momentarily vanish at some stage with the result that the full angular momentum is then carried by the transverse inertia the measure of which is A.


During the late thirteenth century, a series of illustrated genealogies of the kings of England were produced. Literally shaped by contemporary understandings of the past, these genealogical rolls diagrammatically laid out the sequence of kings from the Anglo-Saxon period to the living monarch. Ideas about legitimacy, dynastic descent and gender are central for our understanding of these texts. It is through an exploration of the representation of these elements and, in particular, the treatment of royal women, that the nature of these genealogies is revealed. They highlight, for example, the significance of diplomatic marriage in dynastic claims. The rolls which form the principal focus of this essay are: London, British Library, Additional M S 47170 (nine membranes, 4491 x 199 m m ) ; Cotton Charter XV.7; Royal M S 14 B.V (six membranes, 4007 x 245 m m ) ; Royal M S 14 B.VI (seven membranes, 4521 x 268 m m ) ; Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ashmole Rolls 38 (seven membranes, 3349 x 266 m m ) ; Broxbourne


Welcome to the 11th International Workshop on Junction Technologies (IWJT2011) held here in Kyoto, Japan. The purpose of the workshop is to provide an open forum for all engineers and scientists who are working in various areas of junction technologies: physics, chemistry, devices, modeling, characterization, and equipment. This series of workshops has always been application driven and is highly valued by both the research community and industry. We, as committee members, would like to thank all of you for your continuous and enthusiastic support for this and the last 10 workshops. The technical program of this 11th Workshop consists of 31 premium papers including, 1 keynote speeches (from Japan), 1 special speech (from Japan), 12 invited papers (4 from the USA, 1 from Belgium, 1 from Spain, 1 from China, 2 from Taiwan, and 3 from Japan), 17 contributed papers (5 from the USA, 1 from France, 1 from Korea, 1 from China, 1 from Taiwan and 8 from Japan). We have categorized these papers into 9 technical sessions, Junction Technology for Novel CMOS Devices 1&2, Doping Technology 1&2, Modeling and Simulation, Activation and Silicidation Technologies 1&2, Junction Technology for Other Novel Devices, and Characterization for Shallow Junction. We hope all the participants enjoy the open discussions and identify key engineering solutions for the semiconductor industry. We also sincerely thank all the sponsors and organizations that provided support for this year's workshop.


The freestream flow around a bluff object shows steady symmetric nature in the low Reynolds number laminar regime. However, when the Reynolds number increases to a critical value, the flow shows unsteadiness with alternate shedding of vortices. We show here numerically that the vortex shedding could be initiated for flow of a nanofluid over a bluff object even when the Reynolds number is lying in the steady regime (10≤Re≤30). Cu–H2O and Ag–H2O nanofluids are used and the volume fractions of Cu and Ag nanoparticles are gradually increased. At some critical values of the volume fractions, the flow shows unsteadiness with vortex shedding. The critical solid volume fraction is estimated from the convective stability analysis following the extended Landau model. The shedding phenomenon is established through contour plots, phase diagrams, and analysis of the time signals of lift coefficient. The critical volume fractions for the two different nanofluids for transition of steady to unsteady flow over circular and square-shaped bluff objects are observed to decrease with increasing Reynolds number.


Objective To evaluate the nutritional risk and clinical application of nutritional support in hospitalized patients in general surgery department by nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS 2002).Methods From March 2011 to August 2011,nutritional risk screening was performed in 520 newly hospitalized patients in the department of general surgery of our hospital.Moreover,we recorded all the data about the applications of nutritional support during the participants' hospitalizations,and analyzed the rationality of present clinical nutritional support.Results A total of 476 patients completed the screening project,among whom 156(32.8%) were at nutritional risk,while the other 320(67.2%) patients had no nutritional risk In patients with nutritional risk,131(84%) accepted clinical nutritional support.However,40.3% of patients without nutritional risk got nutritional support.Conclusions The incidence of nutritional risk in hospitalized patients in general surgery department of the lower-grade hospital is high.Nutritional support should be tailored to the clinical state.


Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the current status of studies of bereaved families in Korea. Methods: We reviewed 97 studies of bereaved families, which were published between 1994 and 2013 in Korea. The studies were classified in three groups according to time, subjects, and topic. Results: First, the number of bereaved family-related studies has increased since 2010. Second, most studies focused on the whole family, and middle-age widows were also popular subjects. Third, the most popular topic was a relationship between certain variables. Conclusion: First, variables and their relations among themselves should be approached through an integrated study. Second, a systematic review is needed to assess the effects of interventions on the bereaved. Third, a qualitative research method is needed to broaden and deepen our understanding about the middle-age widowers, parents who lost their children and children who lost their parents.


The invention discloses hemoglobin type oxygen-carrying nano gel.The hemoglobin type oxygen-carrying nano gel is nano hydrogel formed by polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine segmented copolymer and the covalent binding product of hemoglobin through crosslinking, haptoglobin is connected to the hemoglobin, and the polyethyleneimine segment of the polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine segmented copolymer contains a grafting group.The invention further discloses a preparation method and application of the hemoglobin type oxygen-carrying nano gel.The hemoglobin type oxygen-carrying nano gel has the advantages that the nano gel is low in toxicity to vascular endothelial cells, promising in application prospect and good in economic benefits, and the defect that an existing hemoglobin type oxygen-carrying carrier is high in side effect is overcome.


A new analog-digital hybrid coding architecture for joint source-channel coding is proposed. The encoder generates a channel input by a symbol-by-symbol mapping of the observed (analog) source and its (digital) compression codeword, while the decoder reconstructs the source by a symbol-by-symbol mapping of the (analog) channel output and the decoded (digital) compression codeword from it. When applied to the problem of lossy communication of sources over the two-user discrete memoryless interference channel, this hybrid coding scheme achieves the best known performance and recovers as special cases several previous results on lossless and lossy communication over single hop networks.


The Global Positioning System, communication, power transmission, and oil pipelines are only a few of the technologies upon which we depend in research and in everyday life. Each is at risk from invisible storms in near-Earth space. The astrophysical plasmas near our planet store and deliver vast amounts of energy from the Sun in the form of high energy particles, electric currents, and heating of the upper atmosphere. This natural plasma environment is the only one routinely measured in situ over the last 40 years and until recently one of the few we haven't been able to see. Much like atmospheric weather satellites brought global context to that field many decades ago, the IMAGE Mission is now revealing a global context for space weather. The contributions being made by the IMAGE Mission to understanding space weather will be presented along with a brief overview of this dynamic environment. Special emphasis will be placed on research involving the plasmasphere, a toroidal region of relatively dense, cold plasma surrounding the Earth that plays a key role in energy and mass transport through near-Earth space.


Space-Time of the Bororo of Brazil. Stephen Michael Fabian. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992. xiii + 253pp. $39.95 (cloth). ISBNO-8130–1104–3.


There is a need in South Africa for institutional innovations aimed at increasing the coverage of water services, and
sustaining those services. The paper describes an investigation of an alternative service delivery institutional model, viz
the franchising of water services. The paper describes the need for a franchise model that could be developed and made
available to emerging entrepreneurs as the basis of a viable business. The franchise would be in respect of components of
the water services value chain that are suitable for small business in that they can be readily systematised.


1 Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. 2 Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. 3 Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. 4 Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran. 5 Department of Biotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Tabriz University, Iran. 6 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.


Goal. Show changes in the content of humus, agrophysical properties of the typical black soil and isohumus of the temperate zone of the forest-steppe zone in different technologies of their use in the subzone of broadleaf forest-steppe (Ukraine) and Prairie (China). Methods. Field: core, breeding sample; laboratory: gravimetric, sieve, oxidimetric; statistical - dispersion analysis. Results Changes in parameters of humus, composition density, structural and aggregate state of chernozems in various soil cultivation technologies have been established. Conclusions The investigated chernozems are characterized by optimal and close to optimal agrophysical properties for growing corn on grain. The use of no-till on isogumbulose and shallow planar cultivations on typical chernozem contributed to the formation of a less densely, more humus layer of 0-20 cm, an increase in the content of agronomically valuable airborne and water-resistant aggregates. For plowing, the best humusoon accumulation in the layer of 10 - 20 cm typical black soil occurred, a less densified layer of 0 - 10 cm isohumulous was formed, more micro aggregates <0.25 mm were formed for dry and wet sifting.


The quality of colonoscopy is considered key to the efficacy of the examination. The two most widely used quality indicators for colonoscopy– cecal intubation rate (CIR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR)–have been shown to be associated with interval colorectal cancer [1–3]. Themajor strength of these two quality indicators is that they can be measured at several levels: the individual endoscopist, the endoscopy center, and the screening program. From the quality improvement perspective, the method used to calculate the CIR and ADR at each level is essentially the same, but the information obtained from each measurement and its significance is very different. At the individual level, underperformance may reveal a need for additional colonoscopy training, whereas at the institutional or program level it may underscore deficiencies in policies. To date, the ADR and CIR have been widely used at the individual level, whereas reports at the center level are relatively infrequent [4–7]. In this issue of Endoscopy, Belderbos et al. present the results of a prospective audit of routine colonoscopy performance between November 2012 and January 2013at two academic and five nonacademic medical hospitals in The Netherlands [8]. The audit demonstrated high overall performance, but significant variability in CIR (range 89.4%–99.2%) and ADR (range 24.8%–46.8%) between hospitals, which was independent of the casemix. The authors used raw data on CIR and ADR to develop a colonoscopy quality indicator (CQI), which shows, in the form of a graph, areas of colonoscopy performance that may require further improvement at each participating hospital. In our view it is uncertain whether the CQI offers advantages over other methods of colonoscopy quality comparison, such as funnel plots of center performance with 95% confidence intervals proposed by Gavin et al. [4], or simple benchmarking against recommended target values of CIR (90% for diagnostic and 95% for screening colonoscopies) and ADR (or 25% for screening colonoscopies) [9,10]. Nevertheless, the CQI graph demonstrates areas of underperformance that could have arisen not only from differences in individual endoscopists' performances but also from differences in institutional policies. It would be important to precisely understand why the centers performed differently, but unfortunately based on the data provided in the study, this issue can only partially be addressed. Bowel preparation quality at the study centers can largely be attributed to institutional policies. All of the centers used a validated Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, with a score of 6 or more indicating adequate bowel cleansing. There was significant variability in adequate bowel cleansing across the hospitals, ranging from 79.0% to 97.6%. Notably, adequate bowel cleansing was significantly associated with CIR and ADR. It is likely that there were differences between the centers in the quality of bowel preparation instructions given to patients and in adopting routine split-dosing regimen policy, both of which have been proven to improve bowel preparation at the center level [11,12]. Other institutional policies that could have influenced center performance are timing of colonoscopy and appropriate workforce. Although such data were unavailable in the study by Belderbos et al., it has been previously shown that physician fatigue and tight scheduling [13] could play an important role in the quality of colonoscopies performed. Similarly, the design generation of instruments used and other endoscopic equipment such as magnetic endoscope imaging, the availability of which will also depend on institutional policy, have been shown in some studies to be associated with colonoscopy quality [14,15]. Probably one of the crucial factors for colonoscopy performance at the center level is the institutional approach to colonoscopy training. It starts with the main role of the center lead, availability


The obtaining of language sense in L2 acquisition has become a hot issue in L2 teaching and research.Searching for the ways to establish language sense is a goal to both teachers and learners.Based on previous studies,the article holds that literature course,which is different from the course of extensive reading or intensive reading,should be raised to the level of appreciation.It points out that the comprehension and appreciation of the literary texts have an indispensable relationship with language sense and offer an effective method for the cultivation of language sense.


Abstract : In July 1998, 120 nations joined together and signed the Rome Statute, setting in motion the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Rome Statute emphasizes the necessity of establishing the ICC in order to end impunity for those committing the "most serious crimes of concern to the international community." Despite broad international support for the ICC, the United States did not support the Rome Statute and cited, as one of its chief objections, the potential vulnerability of American military personnel to the jurisdiction of the ICC. This Note will examine American objections to the establishment of the ICC as currently contemplated and criticisms of the American position. In addition, it will consider the appropriateness of the proposed Congressional response, embodied in the American Servicemembers' Protection Act. Part I will briefly review the road leading up to the Rome Statute and some of the key elements of the Statute. Part II will consider the validity of both American objections to the Rome Statute and critiques of the American stance. Part III will analyze American concerns by examining instances in which American servicemembers could be vulnerable to the jurisdiction of the ICC. Part IV will argue that, while the United States must strive to protect its military members, the proposed American Servicemembers' Protection Act is not an appropriate response.


There is a great deal of concern in respect to the increase autism prevalence rates. Teachers are responsible for teaching students in their classrooms. However, research findings suggest that special education teachers are underprepared and express 'low" to "moderate" levels of knowledge about autism. Analysis of several databases revealed no studies concerning levels of knowledge about autism among pre-service special education teachers. The presented study aimed at investigating pre-service special education teachers' levels of knowledge about autism. A test was developed for the purpose of this study. Further, a  sample of 56 pre-service special education teachers responded to the study test. Participants were enrolled in a training session of 12 hours, 4 times a week. The participants responded to preand posttest. Results indicated that the levels of knowledge among the study sample was within the "low" range. However, this shifted toward the "moderate" levels after finishing the training. Additionally, there were no differences between male and female participants and year level in respect to the levels of knowledge about autism either before or after receiving the training. The participants differ in the levels of knowledge on GPA rating in the pretest results, but not the posttest results.


The interactive process involving play as a main component of children's activities enables children to identify existing knowledge, skills and abilities, and to enhance and enrich them with new cognitive
elements. Outdoor play is certainly an inspiration for a child's holistic development. Children have the opportunity for motor, psychological and cognitive development in an environment that provides
countless situations that are changing due to constant natural variations that occur under the infl uence of meteorological changes, changes in plant and animal life. Along with the above elements, it is
necessary to add an element of risky play that is equally important in the process of childhood education and learning. Today's overprotection of children by parents has taken away the segment of risky
play, which is an important element of childhood. Parents' attitude towards risky play also defi nes the attitude of kindergarten teachers who, under the pressure of parents, create an artifi cial environment
in which a child is unable to explore this important segment of play, or take risks in their activities, decisions and procedures. That exact segment is the subject of this research, which aims to explore the
opinions of the future kindergarten teachers about risky play and their attitude towards it. The research was conducted through a questionnaire in which students of their 3rd year of undergraduate studies and
1st year of graduate studies of early and pre-school education took part. According to the results of this research, we have observed the need for changes in the education of future kindergarten teachers. This
can be done by expanding the content related to the Outdoor Curriculum and risky play.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the construction industry, in particular, to the production of cement wood. The device comprises a cylindrical body, a driving shaft and an electric drive, and an accessory for mixing in the form of blades. The body is installed on a hinged support. At both sides from the hinged support there are dampers installed. Inside the body there is a cylindrical reducer installed. On output shafts of the reducer there are mixing blades mounted as capable of counterrotation in pairs at each side. The reducer is rigidly fixed at the bottom of a load trolley and is connected by means of a chain gear with an input shaft of a conical reducer and with an electric engine. On the output shaft of the conical reducer there are driving wheels of the load trolley mounted. EFFECT: improved quality of mixing of wood particles with a binder, simplified design of a device. 2 dwg


Leishu is a unique form of ancient Chinese reference books that seem to have no counterpart in the western civilization. The original purpose of leishu was to provide quick reference to ancient texts. Therefore a leishu usually contains two parts, a knowledge structure and a large number of quoted texts from older books. In this paper we outline a preliminary investigation on two important leishu, yiwenleiju and taipingyulan, written around 624AD and 977AD, respectively. We processed the texts of both books by identifying the entries (quoted texts) with their sources, and built a system for full-text search and analysis. Two additional purposes of the system are to provide a way to compare the texts and explore such questions as text inherence and the change of the knowledge structures. We use "fish" as an example to illustrate our point.


This article examines the nature and prospects of geopolitical change in Australia's region over a twenty five year time horizon. In contrast to the past quarter of a century, in which the region was notable for very stable geopolitical relations, the coming twenty-five years will be marked by a fluidity in fortunes, uncertainty in diplomatic and strategic dealings and an absence of a settled pattern of relations among the major powers. The article's first part overviews the region's current setting, the areas of recent change and draws attention to the key developments from which one can expect breaks from the status quo to come. It will then argue that the major attribute of Asia's international relations in the 21 st century will be rivalry among the United States, China, India, Japan and to a lesser extent Russia. Conflict is not inevitable, but the management of rivalry will become increasingly complex and challenging. The final section will argue that Australia needs to put much greater emphasis on flexibility and creativity in its strategic policy. 1


The histological structure of Buteo hemilasius kidney was observed and expression of AQP2,AQP3,Bax and Bcl-2 protein were measured by light microscopy and immunohistochemical methods.Results showed that the kidney of Buteo hemilasius was red-brown,the surface was covered with a thin membrane of connective tissue and the renal fat capsule was not observed.The relative volume ratio of kidney/body weight was 2.1% and larger than that of mammals.The structure of the glomerular capillary was very simple.However,the number of glomeruli was higher than in mammals,which allows Buteo hemilasius to remove metabolic waste quickly and maintain water and salt balance.Collecting ducts are the site of reabsorption of urine and AQP2 and AQP3 were present in the collecting ducts.This suggested that AQP2 and AQP3 have an important regulatory role in Buteo hemilasius kidney's water balance.Bax and Bcl-2 appeared to be expressed in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule.This indicated that Bax and Bcl-2 are involved in regulation of normal renal cell apoptosis.