The experimental and theoretical literature on the molecular Zeeman effect is surveyed. The observation of the linear (H) and quadratic (H 2) Zeeman effect leads to a direct determination of the molecular g values, magnetic susceptibility anisotropies and molecular quadrupole moments. The recent results are discussed and the available molecular g values, magnetic susceptibility anisotropies, and molecular quadrupole moments are tabulated.


We describe in this paper the evolution of modular neural networks using hierarchical genetic algorithms for pattern recognition. Modular neural networks (MNN) have shown significant learning improvement over single neural networks (NN). For this reason, the use of MNN for pattern recognition is well justified. However, network topology design of MNN is at least an order of magnitude more difficult than for classical NNs. We describe in this paper the use of a hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) for optimizing the topology of each of the neural network modules of the MNN. The HGA is clearly needed due to the fact that topology optimization requires that we are able to manage both the layer and node information for each of the MNN modules. Simulation results prove the feasibility and advantages of the proposed approach.


The metallurgical heterojunction located between liquid phase epitaxial Hg0.8Cd0.2Te films and CdTe substrates is characterized electrically and electro‐optically for the first time. This compositionally graded heterojunction is found to have zero bias resistance‐area R0A products ranging from 102 to 105 Ω cm2 at 300 K, and from 106 to 109 Ω cm2 at 100 K. Between these two temperatures thermal activation energies of approximately 0.4 eV and 0.1 eV are measured. Measurements of capacitance, photoresponse position, and spectral sensitivity lead to the conclusion that a charge‐separating depletion region and valence band barrier are located within the transition region, and are associated with the high R0A products. These conclusions are supported by numerically calculated band diagrams.


Since the reform and opening,great changes have taken place in the statistical system of our country but some urgent problems still exist and need to be solved. A unified statistical system of labor and employment for both urban and rural areas has not been established and the employment situation of rural labor force has not been paid enough attention; owing to the problems existing in urban demography,the urbanization rate might be overestimated. In addition,the credibility of urban workers' average pay is also doubted since the statistical population of "urban workers" is not strictly defined. Therefore,it is needed to improve and perfect the existing statistical system in the overall framework of urban-rural coordination according to the requirement of scientific development.


Social differences (i.e. age, sex, ethnicity) among persons who are blind or visually impaired pose a challenge to the rehabilitation system. As a major component of that system, the federal/state vocational rehabilitation (VR) program-which purchases many services from the private sector-is governed by the national ideal of equality of opportunity. But it is constrained by limited resources and by the barriers to equality that exist in the society where its clients must function. Beyond those constraints, a common assumption, which we prefer to pose as a question, arises: Does the VR system itself compound the inequalities among its client sub-groups? Perhaps the sensitivity of the question accounts for the near-absence of empirical research that deals with it, even indirectly (but see Greenblum, 1980; Nicholls et. al, 1980, Pfouts & Nixon, 1981). The complexity of the issue is another deterrent; but we believe it is better to confront the issue, with properly cautious analysis, than to avoid it altogether. The following is such an attempt, focusing on ethnicity. Ethnic minority status as linked to racial and language differences, is one of the main bases for disadvantage in employment and consequently in income, housing, recreation and other aspects of the quality of life_ In Statistical Brief #13 (1981) we presented evidence that the prevalence of visual impairment is higher among Non-whites and Hispanics than among the White majority, and that the race difference is greatest in the working ages. Furthermore, there is evidence that, among all persons with disabilities, Nonwhites are more likely than Whites to be handicapped in work (Luft, 1978). This is explained by several factors, including discrimination based on racism, but also by severity of the impairment, and interaction of the impairment with social disadvantages (lower education, less seniority on jobs due to less stable employment prior to onset of impairment; task-requirements in lower-status jobs). It follows that (a) those who need VR services come disproportionately from ethnic minority groups, (b) minority group


Sourced from Seaweed Using seaweed as a raw material for biofuels has received relatively little attention, in part because their primary sugar constituent, alginate, is not readily fermented by industrially tractable microbes. Wargacki et al. (p. 308; see the cover) now demonstrate that metabolically engineered bacteria can degrade seaweed and subsequently ferment the sugars into ethanol at laboratory scale. Metabolic engineering showcases a preliminary route to generating ethanol from seaweed. Prospecting macroalgae (seaweeds) as feedstocks for bioconversion into biofuels and commodity chemical compounds is limited primarily by the availability of tractable microorganisms that can metabolize alginate polysaccharides. Here, we present the discovery of a 36–kilo–base pair DNA fragment from Vibrio splendidus encoding enzymes for alginate transport and metabolism. The genomic integration of this ensemble, together with an engineered system for extracellular alginate depolymerization, generated a microbial platform that can simultaneously degrade, uptake, and metabolize alginate. When further engineered for ethanol synthesis, this platform enables bioethanol production directly from macroalgae via a consolidated process, achieving a titer of 4.7% volume/volume and a yield of 0.281 weight ethanol/weight dry macroalgae (equivalent to ~80% of the maximum theoretical yield from the sugar composition in macroalgae).


The ethyl acetate extract of the acetone‐soluble Aloe arborescens fraction was found to inhibit 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced ear oedema, putrescine increase and tumour promotion in mouse skin. Chromatographic analyses of this extract revealed that phenolic compounds such as aloenin, barbaloin and isobarbaloin could be useful as cancer chemopreventive agents against tumour promotion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Whether conferring justiciable rights on individuals in absence of implementing legislation — Legislation recognizing "treaty rights of aboriginal peoples of Canada" — Whether including international treaties concluded between sovereign States — Article III, Great Britain — United States Jay Treaty, 1794 — Whether conferring enforceable right on Canadian Indians to import commercial merchandise into Canada without duty Treaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Great Britain — United States Jay Treaty, 1794 — English authentic text — French translation of provision not faithful to authentic text — What reliance can be placed on translation Treaties — Individuals — Whether treaty creating rights and obligations confers justiciable rights upon individuals resident in the contracting States — Whether contracting State has fiduciary duty towards citizens in respect of rights and obligations created under a treaty — Great Britain — United States Jay Treaty, 1794 — The law of Canada


Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The standard treatment for genotype 4 is a combination of pegylated interferon &agr; (peg-IFN&agr;) and ribavirin over a 48-week period. To optimize the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, early identification of patients who will not achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) is desirable. Aim of the study To determine the value of a rapid virological response (RVR) compared with baseline host and virological factors for predicting an SVR in HCV genotype 4 Egyptian patients treated with peg-IFN&agr;-2a and ribavirin. Patients and methods Between February 2009 and July 2010, 66 patients with chronic HCV genotype 4, who started treatment with peg-IFN&agr;-2a and ribavirin, were included. The HCV RNA was assessed quantitatively before treatment, and after 4 weeks of treatment (RVR), after 12 weeks of treatment (early virological response), at 48 weeks of treatment (end of treatment response), and 24 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR). RVR was defined as undetectable HCV RNA after 4 weeks of treatment. Results Of the 66 patients, 41 (62.12%) and 54 (81.8%) patients could achieve an RVR and an SVR, respectively. All patients who attained an RVR could achieve an SVR (P<0.01). Both RVR and SVR were significantly higher in patients with a low pretreatment viral load. Age and BMI were found to have no impact on SVR (P>0.05). Conclusion RVR is an important determinant of an SVR (positive predictive value 100%).


Virtualization is the central point which empowers cloud infrastructure. Many services such as Web-based applications, databases and instant messaging servers have been running on virtual systems to reduce total cost ownership and to get immediate returns on investments. However, applications which are concerned with the latency, such as Voice over IP (VoIP) applications, are rarely found in virtual systems. Hence, our aim is to study VoIP's behavior in the virtualization environment. Apart from this, VoIP infrastructure should also be equipped with a security shield to protect itself from various forms of security threats; this security setup also brings an extra overhead response time. Hence, in this article, we have implemented VoIP on virtual machine (VM-VoIP) and measured the signaling process of VoIP systems. Performance of the proposed system is studied with and without a security shield.  It is observed that the virtualization environment never induces delay during the registration request delay (RRD) part of the signaling. However, the analysis shows that the delay increases with the number of calls during the session request delay (SRD) part of signaling. In addition, the VM-VoIP system consumes more CPU for VoIP call sessions under the security shield.


In this paper, the total ionizing dose (TID) effects of the Sense-Switch pFLASH cell consisting of sense (T1) and switch (T2) co-floating gate pFLASH transistors fabricated with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.13\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eFLASH technology are studied. Firstly, the impact of TID effects on the programming/erasing state's characteristics of T1and T2 transistors are mainly analyzed though Current-Voltage (I-V) and Transconductance-Voltage (Gm-V) curves. Secondly, the re-programming/erasing state's characteristics of the pFLASH device after TID irradiation, and its threshold voltage, sub-threshold swing, maximum transconductance and other parameters are thoroughly investigated. Lastly, it can be concluded that the threshold voltage of T1 and T2 transistors is mainly determined by the changes of floating gate charge (i.e., programming state: electron emission and hole injection; erasing state: electron injection and hole emission), trap charge concentration in oxide layers around floating gate (Not) and trap charge concentration in the interface trap of tunnel oxide (Nit). Meanwhile, the absolute values of the programming and erasing threshold voltage of T1 and T2 transistors decrease linearly with the cumulative dose, and the change rates are about 2.25 mV/rad (Si) and 1.45 mV/rad (Si), respectively. In addition, the charge change of floating gate under the ionizing radiation can be compensated by re-programming and re-erasing, but the charge of Nit and Not will increase with the increase of cumulative dose.


Interest in the use of montmorillonite clay as a catalyst in organic synthesis has recently increased, encouraged in part by the availability of the clay, its low cost, and propensity to intercalate organic molecules. Research in this laboratory has recently focused on the reactivity of 3,4-dimethoxypropenylbenzene (1) with K-10, a montmorillonite clay whose interlayer cations have been exchanged for protons. These efforts have been directed toward several related goals. First, through a detailed analysis of product mixtures and comparison with previously reported results of clay reactions with 1, a number of new products have been observed. Second, this montmorillonite has a complex aluminosilicate structure containing both Lewis and Broensted acid sites, and sites capable of generating radical cations from intercalated organic substrates. Therefore, the mechanisms by which these produts might be formed have been studied in an effort to gain a better understanding of the interactions of these sites with organic substrates. In this paper we report our initial observations in this area.


Chance (1922, 1940) in his famous work on the European Cuckoo Cuculus canorus showed that the Cuckoo normally lays its egg directly into the host nest, while holding an egg of the host in its bill. It then flies away with the host egg, which it later consumes. Chance's observations disproved the then widely-held belief that the cuckoo laid its egg on the ground and carried it, in the bill, to the host nest. More recently, the laying sequence has been filmed for television by the BBC and photographed in colour (Wyllie 1981).


We made a follow-up study on 41 patients with unilateral profound hearing loss discovered in childhood. All consulted our clinic for hearing loss.Mean age is 16.4 years old at present, and they have been suffering from unilateral deafness for 10.0 years on average. The cause of the hearing loss was mumps in 10, head trauma in 2, rubella in 1 and juvenile unilateral hearing loss of unknown etiology in 28.Among 41 patients, 22 had experienced some kind of dizziness or vertigo, and we could perform vestibular examinations on 16 of them. Canal paresis on the deafened side was observed in 6/16 (38%). Clinical diagnosis for dizziness or vertigo of the 16 cases was orthostatic dysfunction in 11 and ipsilateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH) in 4. In the 4 cases of DEH, the result of the Schellong test was positive in 3. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system may have some relation to the occurrence of DEH. We diagnosed DEH by the clinical symptoms and the furosemide test (Futaki, et al: 1975).In this study on patients with unilateral deafness discovered in childhood, we found that about 10% (4/41, 9.8%) of them developed symptoms of DEH by their middle teens. In 1986 we reported 30 cases of DEH; in 24 of these cases, profound hearing loss was discovered in childhood. Among these 24 cases, 15 developed symptoms of DEH later than 16 years of age. So we estimated that the final occurrence rate of DEH in the population of unilateral deafness discovered in childhood is around 25%.We emphasize that a very intensive follow-up study is necessary in determining the occurrence rate of DEH.


This paper evaluates the technology potential of using massive MIMO beamforming as a tool to enhance energy performance of radio networks. The geometry, user bit rate, required inter site distance, area power, discontinuous transmission ratio, and relative power consumption during transmission is evaluated by means of system level simulations and the results are compared with a traditional three-sectorized deployment. The simulation results indicate that massive MIMO beamforming can reduce network area power consumption significantly; especially if the gains are taken into account in the network planning process by enabling a deployment with larger inter site distance compared to the reference three-sectorized deployment without massive MIMO antenna systems. As an example we note that 5 dB additional link budget achieved by the massive MIMO beamforming can be used to reduce network area power consumption with 50% if we design the network for a 10 Mbps cell edge user throughput target.


This paper aims to conduct an exploratory study about the teaching staff in secondary education schools. The goals proposed are referred to the initial and ongoing training of teachers concerning the teaching staff, the value given to the competences and their accomplishment, the board as a participative body, its effectiveness and the attention paid to the board by the educative administration. To achieve this goal, we have written a specific test protocol that has been sent by email to schools chosen at random considering the ownership of the schools and the population of the different provinces of Spain. The protocol was answered by 1318 teachers. We have carried out the appropriate descriptive analysis, media differences and multivariable analysis. Cronbach's coefficient of reliability is 0.96. The analysis shows that teachers highly value the importance of the teaching staff competences for the education of the students and the school management, so they are also satisfied as members of the teaching staff, considering it to be an effective body for the school. Teachers consider that their initial and ongoing training in the board-related aspects should improve, as well as the accomplishment of the general board's tasks, the value given to the board coordinated by the administration and the attention it pays to its agreements and suggestions.


In [2] two notions of approximate finiteness were introduced for finite factors on (possibly inseparable) Hilbert space. The question was left open whether these two notions, approximate finiteness (A) and (B), are distinct. The purpose of this paper is to show that they are. Recall that a factor M of type II, is approximately finite (A) if given A1, * * *, AnEM and e>O, there exists a subfactor N of M which is of type I and contains elements B1, * , B,n satisfying [[Bi-A ]] x * y. Moreover we have U. U, = U.*,, and the trace on ?(G) is given by T(U,) =x(e), e being the identity element of G. Finally let Go be a subgroup of G. Then S(G, Go) = V{ U,: gEGo } is a subring of ?(G) which is naturally isomorphic with S(Go). Call G locally finite if any finite subset of G generates a finite subgroup. Then by the method of ?4.6 and ?5.6 of [I] one can easily prove the following.


There have been two major approaches to the explanation of changes in total factor productivity or of shifts in aggregate production functions. Solow [17; 18; 19] asked ".. . whether technical progress is predominantly embodied or disembodied, whether gross investment is or is not the major vehicle by which new knowledge makes its way into the process of production" [19, 42-43]. To this question Jorgenson [10] and Hall [9] provided the devastating answer that for Solow's aggregate production functions one cannot distinguish embodied from disembodied change. Jorgenson and Griliches [11; 12; 13] shifted the focus of discussion to more direct, detailed corrections of measures of factor inputs. Their hypothesis and initial findings were that, after such corrections, total productivity change in the aggregate production function is negligible. Their estimates, have been questioned strongly by Denison [5; 6]. In response, they have revised drastically their initial conclusion on the magnitude of total productivity change, and their most recent estimates imply an annual increase of total productivity of about 1.1 percent. This may be compared to Denison's estimate of 1.4 percent and to their own initial value of only 0.1 percent. As for Solow's basic question, they have consistently found that embodiment (or, in the authors' terminology "embodied capital diminishing errors") plays a minor rolel [11, 247]. While all the above-mentioned papers make significant contributions to conceptual issues, or introduce valuable data, we find ourselves, once again, with sizeable measures of unexplained rises in total factor productivity. In this paper we derive new estimates of embodiment for the previously rejected Solow-Cobb-Douglas approach. In conflict with the results of Jorgenson and Griliches, we find that embodiment is indeed a very important aspect of productivity change. The distinctive analytical feature of the paper is that we base our estimates of embodiment on measures of obsolescence. First, we estimate depreciation rates from expected economic lives as revealed by studies of actual business practice. Second, we establish plausible boundaries, based on appraisal studies, expert opinion, and information on maintenance, for the relative magnitude of * Acknowledgements are due to Solomon Fabricant and to a referee of this Journal for helpful suggestions. The data used were developed under the auspices of the former Office of Business Economics U. S. Department of Commerce, in connection with the Interagency Study of Economic Growth. These data, however, are not "official" series. 1 Their allowance for changes in the quality of capital goods is made by way of minor downward revisions in the rates of growth of capital goods price indexes [11].


Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP): A review on molecular and biological properites and the use of ECP as a marker of eosinophil activation in disease


In this work, we present high-accuracy spectroscopic properties, such as line strengths, transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for allowed transitions among nD3/2,5/2,n′S1/2 and n′P1/2,3/2(n=4,n′=5,6) states of Rb-isoelectronic Tc (Tc VII), Ru (Ru VIII) and Rh (Rh IX) ions for their applications in the analysis of astrophysical phenomena occurring inside celestial bodies containing Tc, Ru and Rh ions. Due to the scarcity of computational data of atomic properties of these transitions, as well as considerable discrepancies within the literature about these ions, the precise determination of these properties is necessary. For this purpose, we have implemented relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT) for evaluation of the wave functions of the considered states. For better accuracy, we have accounted for electron interactions through random phase approximation, Brückner orbitals and structural radiations of wave functions in our RMBPT method for further precise evaluation of electric dipole amplitudes. Combining these values of the observed wavelengths, the above transition properties and radiative lifetimes, a number of excited states of Tc VII, Ru VIII and Rh IX ions have been calculated. For further validation of our work, we have compared our results with the data already available in the literature.


A. Standards. There are insufficient data to support a treatment standard for this topic. B. Guidelines. There are insufficient data to support a treatment guideline for this topic. C. Options. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage can be considered as an option in the management of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with severe closed head injury. Drainage can be accomplished via a ventriculostomy catheter alone or in combination with a lumbar drain. The addition of lumbar drainage should be considered as an option only in the case of refractory intracranial hypertension with a functioning ventriculostomy, open basal cisterns, and no evidence of a major mass lesion or shift on imaging studies.


The system-on-chip (SoC) designs encapsulate many disparate types of complex IP cores. Typically, the SoC test bandwidth (the total input/output scan ports at the SoC boundary) is much smaller than the total input/output scan channels of all cores. To test a SoC with limited test bandwidth, many test bandwidth management technologies are proposed in the past. In this paper, we use a case study to do comparative analysis among several commonly used technologies: (A) static hierarchical bandwidth management without channel sharing, (B) static hierarchical bandwidth management with channel sharing, (C) dynamic hierarchical bandwidth management without channel sharing, and (D) dynamic hierarchical bandwidth management with channel sharing.


: I'm left wondering at the end of the abstract about what was observed during the field campaign in Boulder 2021


Our detailed mineralogical, elemental, and isotopic study of the Miller Range (MIL) 07687 meteorite showed that, although this meteorite has affinities to CO chondrites, it also exhibits sufficient differences to warrant classification as an ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite. The most notable feature of MIL 07687 is the presence of two distinct matrix lithologies that result from highly localized aqueous alteration. One of these lithologies is Fe‐rich and exhibits evidence for interaction with water, including the presence of fibrous (dendritic) ferrihydrite. The other lithology, which is Fe‐poor, appears to represent relatively unaltered protolith material. MIL 07687 has presolar grain abundances consistent with those observed in other modestly altered carbonaceous chondrites: the overall abundance of O‐rich presolar grains is 137 ± 3 ppm and the overall abundance of SiC grains is 71 ± 11 ppm. However, there is a large difference in the observed O‐rich and SiC grain number densities between altered and unaltered areas, reflecting partial destruction of presolar grains (both O‐ and C‐rich grains) due to the aqueous alteration experienced by MIL 07687 under highly oxidizing conditions. Detailed coordinated NanoSIMS‐TEM analysis of a large hotspot composed of an isotopically normal core surrounded by a rim composed of 17O‐rich grains is consistent with either original condensation of the core and surrounding grains in the same parent AGB star, or with grain accretion in the ISM or solar nebula.


Fluxes which are suitable for Sn-0.8Cu and Sn-0.8Cu-3Bi lead-free solder have been investigated in this paper. Fluxes were evaluated in spread test by measuring the spread areas of solders on copper substrate. The effect of flux on the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface between solder and copper substrate was studied through analyzing the morphology of IMCs of interface by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results show that both NST flux (flux consists of natural rosin and SnCl/sub 2/) and SAT flux (by adding SnCl/sub 2/ into stearic acid ) can greatly improve the wetting ability of Sn-Cu based lead-free solder on copper substrate. SnCl/sub 2/ in flux influences the morphology and thickness of IMCs at the interface of solder/Cu joint. The concentration of SnCl/sub 2/ contained in fluxes also affects the spread areas of solder on copper plate.


&NA; The effect of haemolysis on creatine kinase activity has been investigated. The presence of adenylate kinase released from erythrocytes increases the apparent creatine kinase activity. This can be overcome by the addition of 10 μmol/l of diadenosine pentaphosphate to the reagents.


Self-ligating braces offer shorter orthodontic treatment, more comfortable follow-up and less chair time. Passive braces are more preferred in self-ligating systems as they cause less friction. Damon system is also one of the most popular passive self-ligating braces. In addition to protrusion of incisors, it is one of the most important advantages of this bracket system that it provides expansion in dental arches. The purpose of these case reports is to present the treatments of two patients treated with Damon System. It can be concluded as; thanks to the Damon braces system, moderate and severe crowding cases were successfully treated in appropriate cases. Treatment times were also shorter compared to average orthodontic treatments. Instead of stripping and tooth extraction, which are among the methods of gaining space in orthodontics, success can be achieved in suitable cases.


Introduction: Competition for admission to medical college in India is intense as the number of applicants for national eligibility cum entrance test (NEET) always exceeds the available seats. The choice of a career in the medical field is a complex personal decision influenced by a multitude of factors. Current study was done with the objectives to study socio-demographic profile of newly selected medical students, to assess reasons of choosing medical stream as a career and to determine the association of socio-demographic and other factors with number of attempts taken by the medical students for selection. Material and methods: This was a cross–sectional study carried out among 96 newly entered medical students of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha (Dist. Hisar), Haryana. Appropriate statistical tests like chi-square (χ2) test and Fisher's exact test were applied and mean, mode, percentages were also measured. Result: Out of total 39 students (40.6%) belonged to family where one or more member was in medical profession. However 86 students (89.6%) choose the medical profession by their own choice. Most of students (72.9%) were attending regular classes during 11th & 12th in their schools. Maximum number of students (46.9%) cleared the NEET in their 2nd attempt. Maximum selection was in students who spent 9-12 hours for study for preparation. Out of total 60.4% students spent 5-7 hours for sleep during preparation period. Out of total 91.7% students were joined coaching for preparation purpose. Majority of students (67.7%) migrated from their native place for study purpose. Conclusion: In our study maximum students have chosen medical profession because of their personal interest. In present study maximum newly entered medical students were those who have attended schools regularly in 11th and 12th classes. Adequate sleep hours for students play constructive role in favorable outcome.


The density matrix (DM) is a function on seven variables – six   space and one time variable and therefore it contains a much more information about the particle's wave field (PWF) in comparison with the wave function. We can be of meaning that all this additional information which contains in DM isn't important and may be omitted in explanations of all the physical effects. But this point of view cannot be accepted because the DM is the simplest possibility to describe the properties of the PWF. We should keep in mind that the projectile which interacted with the environment don't be described by the wave function – its wave function isn't exists. This circumstance forces us to give a physical meaning to all the properties of DM. The change in the size of PWF in interaction with the the solid is analyzed. The creation of resonance states of projectile during the time of flight across the solid film as well as the explanation of breaking of the PWF during the interaction are found.


This chapter is based on an empirical research study that attempts to gain an understanding of the social customers' behavior by identifying the factors that influence their decision to participate in social customer relationship management (CRM) programs. A social behavioral model (SBM) was developed in this study. The construction of the SBM was partly based on two popular models: technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. The data (n=305) were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis. Attitude, usefulness, and perceived risk are the most influential factors in SBM. Other variables—social identity, perceived ease of use, perceived behavioral control, perceived enjoyment, and satisfaction—affected intention indirectly. Subjective norm and image did not affect intention directly or indirectly; therefore, these two variables were dropped from the SBM. The resultant conceptual framework provides a stronger theoretical basis for understanding the behavioral aspect of social CRM implementation.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the macro-economic drivers of office rental values in South-east Asian cities over the period 1988 – 2001 by adopting the demand and supply framework. The paper tries to use the existing single-equation method to examine influences on office rents in five South-east Asian cities (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok). Real GDP, unemployment rate, floor space for office buildings, interest rate, lending rate, consumer index and service sector output will be included in examining the movements of office rental values. In spite of data limitations, this research demonstrates that in Singapore and Taipei office markets, rental values are mainly determined by changes in office floor space, while in Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur office markets, lending rates have a greater effect on rental values. However, there are no significant factors in the Bangkok office market. The results also suggest that office markets in South-east Asia are highly linked with development markets, while demand-side variables do not have much impact on those markets. This paper also reviews previous empirical studies and assesses future research directions for South-east Asian office markets.


The objective of this project is to create a library of functions and procedures for Microsoft Excel. This library is used to treat data generated by Internet of Things devices.
To accomplish this goal, it's necessary to bridge the gap existing between the data generated and the spreadsheet program of choice that could easily handle this data, in this case Microsoft Excel.
This missing link comes in the form of a library written in "Visual Basic of Applications" (VBA), the language that Microsoft Excel uses for user defined operations.
This project contains the background and state of the art of the technologies involving the "Internet of Things" at the moment of its conception.
An Evaluation Board is used to emulate the behavior of different possible devices that could belong to the Internet of Things category.
The project contains explanations of the main concepts related to the "Internet of Things", it also explores and discusses how to best approach the conception of the library. Once the objectives are narrowed, it presents the code implemented with detailed explanation of the structures used.
The main objective is to properly retrieve and present data obtained with the evaluation board. This is accomplished by structuring a library with four modules related to each other. These modules are used to: (1) retrieve the data information using Http requests, (2) format the data in a way that is useful to treat and interpret, (3) create a program that automates these procedures and presents data reports that make it easy to manage data, and finally (4) present library description and provide help to the user so doubts and issues encountered can be solved.
After the library code is explained, validation tests are made to demonstrate the performance of the processes and functions contained in the library.
The result of the project is a solid library written in "Visual Basic for Applications", composed by four modules that can be upgraded or changed individually to perform new custom applications.
This library accomplishes the objective of providing a useful tool to both users and researchers.


The conclusions of this presentation were: (1) Exciton spin states were probed by spin-resolved high resolution magneto-PL experiments; (2) Developed fiber-coupled probe that minimizes collection of scattered excitation; (3) Observed transition associated with the spin-flip of J = 1 excitons; (4) Finite splitting at OT-long range exchange interaction; and (5) Raman spin-flip or photoluminescence.


Oil content measurement in sunflower seeds on an ''as is'' basis by current official methods is often associated with poor reproducibility. This study shows that the main factor contributing to this poor agreement is the particle size to which seeds are ground. This invariably influences the homogeneity of the bulk ground sample from which subsequent subsamples are taken. It is therefore suggested that oil content determinations on sunflower seeds should be carried out on seed samples that have been evenly and finely ground, to a particle size not greater than 2.0 mm, in a mechanical mill such as the Ultra-Centrifugal mill. Other factors investigated were seed composition (free husk, empty husk, crude fiber and seed meats) and structural differences in the seeds by light microscopy. (Refs. 16).


Abstract Aims. Approximately 30% of patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) do not respond. We evaluated response to CRT at six and 12 months, tested a novel response criterion and evaluated different clinical and echocardiographic predictors of response. Methods and results. Eighty one patients were enrolled. A definition of response to CRT was predefined as a combination of 1) a reduction of LV end-systolic volume of ≥10% and 2) either an improvement in NYHA class by ≥1 or an increase in peak oxygen consumption of ≥1 ml/kg/min. Pre-and postoperatively at six and 12 months we also evaluated the most commonly employed definitions of response in our material: NYHA class, quality of life, left ventricular (LV) performance and functional capacity. After six and 12 months of CRT, 42 (52%) and 48 patients (59%) were responders, respectively. Employing different criteria, response ranged from 33–96% and 31–94% at six and 12 months, respectively. In our material a large pre-operative interventricular motion delay (IVMD) was a predictor of response to CRT (p<0.05). Conclusions. Fifty two percent and 59% were responders to CRT at six months and one year given a predefined novel endpoint. Different response criteria to CRT gave response rates ranging from 33–96% and 31–94% at six and 12 months, respectively. A large IVMD predicts response to CRT at six and 12 months.


THE INDEPENDENT SET DECISION PROBLEM IS NP-COMPLETE By Andrew Schuyler Bristow IV, Master of Science. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011. Director: Craig Larson, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. In the 1970's computer scientists developed the theory of computational complexity. Some problems seemed hard-to-compute, while others were easy. It turned out that many of the hard problems were equally hard in a way that could be precisely specified. They became known as the NP-complete problems. The SATISFIABILITY problem (SAT) was the first problem to be proved NP-complete in 1971. Since then numerous other hard-to-solve problems have been proved to be in NP-complete. In this paper we will examine the problem of how to find a maximum independent set of vertices for a graph. This problem is known as Maximum Independent Set (MIS) for a graph. The corresponding decision problem for MIS is the question, given an integer K, is there a independent set with at least K vertices? This decision problem is INDEPENDENT SET (IS). The intention of this paper is to show through polynomial transformation that IS is in the set of NP-complete Problems. We intend to show that 3SAT is NP-complete and then using this fact, that IS is NP-complete.


Article history: Received on: 08/06/2013 Revised on: 02/07/2013 Accepted on: 09/09/2013 Available online: 18/09/2013 The aim of this study is to determine the effect of magnesium and copper sulphates on serum lipid profile and serum liver enzymes in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water and administered to the animals for a period of six (6) weeks. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as diabetic negative control were administered 1ml distilled water. Group II were administered Magnesium sulphate (250 mg/kg b w). Group III were administered Copper sulphate (250 mg/kg b w) and Group IV administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w) served as positive control. All treatments were given orally for a period of seven days. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. However, high density lipoprotein serum level was significantly increased (p<0.05) in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. The results also showed that magnesium and copper sulphates at dose of 250mg/kg b w produced a significantly decreased (p<0.05) serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in the treated groups when compared to diabetic untreated control group.


Although customer engagement's (CE) effects on marketing-related outcomes are well documented, its broader impacts on life domain constructs (e.g., subjective well-being [SWB]) have received less attention. We propose CE as a viable mechanism for prolonging travel's positive effects on SWB. Specifically, this study adopts a three-wave design to investigate the linkages between destination brand experience (DBE), CE, and SWB over time. Our results indicate that sensory destination experience ( t1) and affective destination experience ( t1) stimulated CE with a destination ( t2), which contributed significantly to SWB ( t3). Findings from this longitudinal study contribute to the literature by demonstrating that CE significantly mediates the effects of the sensory and affective dimensions of DBE on tourists' SWB over time. The study highlights the importance of CE beyond key marketing performance indicators.


We analyze a setting typical of industries as they evolve in the years after liberalization, or after structural demand and technology changes have occurred. An incumbent firm has an exogenous capacity, and a new entrant has to decide whether to enter the market, and at what capacity level. We find that, if the incumbent has monopoly capacity, for sufficiently high values of the discount factor, the socially most desirable outcomes require the potential entrant not to enter, or to enter with a small capacity. Indeed, in a dynamic context, higher capacity increases the severity of punishment after deviation, thereby favoring the emergence of cartels. The cartel in this case is hurting welfare, not only because of the standard deadweight loss motive, but also because it duplicates fixed cost and generates the cost inefficiency due to high (and idle) capacity. A competitive arrangement, in which the entrant enters with a small capacity, therefore, would be both welfare enhancing, as well as profit-maximizing for the incumbent. JEL: L12, L40, L51


The author derives an estimate-maximise (EM) formulation of a Bayesian super-resolution algorithm for reconstructing scattering cross sections from coherent images. He generalises this result to obtain an autofocus/super-resolution method, which simultaneously autofocusses an imaging system and super-resolves its image data. Autofocus/super-resolution might be applied to the interpretation of airborne synthetic aperture radar images that are subject to defocussing effects. >


The article presents the analysis of works by three prominent representatives of Russian social thought, who had to leave the country in the beginning of the Soviet era and kept working abroad — A. D. Bilimovich, S. S. Maslov and N. S. Timasheff. The author shows that despite the lack of information they managed to work fruitfully in such fields as economic theory, applied economic analysis (especially in agricultural issues) and sociology. The ideas of these scientists concerning ways of Russia's historical development, Soviet economic policy etc. are of vital importance till nowadays.


This contribution explores the Brazilian elite notion that Jews and Arabs are members of a single 'race'. This linkage was one component of an attempt to create a western European‐like Brazilian national identity yet the contradiction between the economic benefits derived from immigrants and elite concerns about colour, religion, and national origin made Arabs and Jews a focus of comment among intellectuals. In spite of finding themselves the targets of prejudice, both groups entered Brazil in significant numbers in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, helping to create exactly the multi‐ethnic society elites hoped to prevent.


In today's era, Facial Expression and recognition is a very challenging and fascinating subject with regards to field of AI and pattern recognition because of developmental psychology and human machine interface. For outward appearance designing classifiers with high reliability is a significant advance in this research. This paper represents a framework for person dependent expressions by combining all types of facial recognition types of facial by means of various multiple kernel learning in Support vector machines(SVM). We contemplated the impact of MKL for learning the piece loads and observationally assess the aftereffects of six fundamental expressions with impartial expression. included. In our investigations we have joined two mainstream facial element portrayals, dlib library and Multikernel SVM with polynomial kernel. Our experimental results on the cohn-Kanade face database as well as manually included database demonstrate that this framework out performs the state-of-arts, conventional techniques and straightforward MKL based multiclass SVM for facial expression recognition. Keywords—Facial Expression Recognition, Multikernel, Support Vector Machines.


This paper aims to explore the situation of Nepal through political, social, economics, and technology by SWOT analysis. Due to Due to the current lack of literature reviews on Nepal, we used the secondary data, media coverage report for this paper to get a better overview about Nepal for the reader and foreign investor (especially Chinese investor who are willing invest under Belt and Road initiative). This paper also tries to address "why situational analysis is required before investing?" Moreover, it also try to unravel the mystery "why Nepal join China's Belt and Road Initiative", although the major trading partner of Nepal is with India, who is not currently part of Belt and Road initiative. Finally, we summarize that Nepal could be better option for investor through OBOR initiative. Keywords—OBOR; Situational Analysis; SWOT Analysis; Nepal


: As a critical actor in the issue of Iran's nuclear deal, Israel's foreign policy is rather different from many others': Israel disagrees with both Iran's nuclear deal and their nuclear development in general. Israel's foreign policy, then, becomes interesting to discuss, especially by analyzing the factors that influence the decision making of their policy. In this article, therational policy model derived from the group level of analysis is used to analyze and elaborate the decision making process of Israel's foreign policy toward Iran's nuclear deal. This article argues that the result of Israel's decision making process for their foreign policy is influeced by group actors surrounding Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu which are the Inner Cabinet and the Security Cabinet. This article finds that even though there is indeed influence from group actors in the decision making process of Israel's foreign policy, said influence is rather complementary because decisions issued by the group actors heavily depend on several particular factors that cannot be explained by the group level of analysis.


Objective:To analyze the relationship between abnormal chromosome karyotype and abnormal pregnancy-labor history.Methods:Peripheral blood sample from 977 cases with abnormal pregnancy-labor history was collected.Then the chromosomal was analyzed through the culture of peripheral blood lymphocyte and G-dominance band of the chromosome.Results:Totally abnormal chromosome karyotype were showed in 52 cases.The total incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 5.32%.Conclusion:The chromosome karyotype abnormality is one of the most important reasons of abnormal pregnarncy-labor history.It is necessary for couples with abnormal pregnancy-labor history to take chromosome examination.


Peatland restoration involves giving aid to a
complex ecosystem which has been
damaged in some way. A reasonable analogy is a patient brought to a hospital for urgent
treatment. When
arriving at
Accident
& Emergency
,
the first priority of the medical team is
to stabilise the patient's condition. Only
after the patient's condition has been assessed
and then stabilised can the team begin to think about the longer
-
term process of healing
and recovery.
A similar logic is applied to
peatland
s
. First
,
stabilisation is required to
prevent further degradation,
following which restoration can focus on the recovery of the
ecosystem.


We analyzed particle motions in colloidal crystals by digital video microscopy, and obtained the dispersion relations of amplitude and relaxation time for normal relaxation modes of particle dynamics. Because the observed crystals were soft, the soft mode which had larger amplitude and longer relaxation time appeared in Γ‐M. Such soft mode, however, could not be reproduced at all by a simple overdamped Langevin theory in which the hydrodynamic interaction and long‐range interaction were not incorporated. Therefore we attempted to introduce the influence of flow into the equation of motion by using the Oseen tensor. The results of the modified model were in quantitative agreement with the experimental results. We also found that it was essential to consider the negative force constant between 3rd‐nearest neighbor particles for explaining the soft mode.


Abstract: Taiwan's indigenous social movement, active since the 1980s, has successfully lobbied to get indigenous rights included in the Republic of China Constitution, to create a cabinet level Council of Indigenous Peoples, and to pass the 2005 Basic Law on Indigenous Peoples. Taiwan's indigenous social activists have also become regular participants in United Nations indigenous events. Especially during the Chen Shui-bian presidency, foreign observers often suspected that the state instrumentalized "indigeneity" to claim a distinct identity from China. Events since 2008, however, demonstrate that the indigenous rights movement has maintained its own momentum and that the indigenous peoples have interests that cannot be reduced to issues of national identity or party politics. In fact, the indigenous people overwhelmingly support the KMT, and indigenous movements are involved in both "pro-unification" and "proindependence" political networks. Most indigenous social movement leaders, as well as ordinary indigenous people, hope that their movement can make progress in indigenous rights in ways that transcend the "blue" and "green" division between Han Taiwanese. This paper reflects upon the diversity of the indigenous movements, their mobilization strategies, and values since Ma Ying-jeou was elected President of the ROC in 2008.


This paper examines Derrida's treatment of the quasi-transcendental structure of hospitality, particularly as it pertains to religious traditions, conceptions of human rights, and modern secularism. It begins by looking to the account Derrida presents in 'Hostipitality', focusing especially on his treatment of the work of Louis Massignon. It then proceeds to an exploration of Kant's concept of cosmopolitanism and some of its contemporary descendants before returning to Derrida's treatment of hospitality by way of his critique of this Kantian heritage. The paper argues both that religious traditions exhibit (though, perhaps, often not explicitly) the kind of structures of openness to difference to which Derrida's notion of hospitality refers, and that modern Western conceptions of secularism too easily preclude understanding and fostering those aspects of religious traditions which can contribute to more peaceful coexistence in pluralistic environments.


Based on literature research and the 'ideal' risk management process, the author presents the findings of a survey amongst German and international real estate investors. The integration of risk management into a corporate structure and the importance of various risk management methods for investors are examined. In this context, the application of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), property derivatives and the use of ratings are major topics. Investors also express their views on the need to adjust risk management in light of the current real estate crisis. Overall, the findings suggest that the perception that investors would already use a broad range of highly sophisticated risk management methods is barely reflected by the actual application of such tools in the real estate practice. The study results particularly reveal the importance of interfaces and the establishment of a more future oriented approach to risk management.


Changes in tropical (30 S–30 N) land hydroclimate following CO2‐induced global warming are organized according to climatological aridity index (AI) and daily soil moisture (SM) percentiles. The transform from geographical space to this novel process‐oriented phase space allows for interpretation of local, daily mechanistic relationships between key hydroclimatic variables in the context of time‐mean and/or global‐mean energetic constraints and the wet‐get‐wetter/dry‐get‐drier paradigm. Results from 16 CMIP models show coherent patterns of change in the AI/SM phase space that are aligned with the established soil‐moisture/evapotranspiration regimes. We introduce an active‐rain regime as a special case of the energy‐limited regime. Rainfall shifts toward larger rain totals in this active‐rain regime, with less rain on other days, resulting in an overall SM reduction. Consequently, the regimes where SM constrains evapotranspiration become more frequently occupied, and corresponding hydroclimatic changes align with the position of the critical SM value in the AI/SM phase space.


A W-band high power combining system was designed to enhance the transmitter power for increasing weather radar's detection ability to small cloud particles and detection distance. The high power combiner with high isolation between the input ports was designed and manufactured. The effects of amplitude and phase differences on the combining efficiency were examined. The W-band pulse power combining experiment for two home-made traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers were carried out with the high power combiner at the frequency range of 93.5-94.5 GHz. The output pulse power from the two TWTs are about 100 W and 120 W, respectively, with duty cycle 4%, and the combining efficiency is above 79%, with the maximum efficiency 84.6% at 94 GHz. The maximum output power of the combining system reaches 194 W at 94.3 GHz.


The diffraction contrast behavior of grown‐in dislocations in V3Si single crystals has been examined in detail by transmission electron microscopy. It is inferred that the Burgers vectors of these line imperfections are 〈100〉. The observed image features are rather complex and are compared with computer‐simulated dislocation images. It is suggested that the likely glide systems in V3Si are 〈100〉 {001}. Since these slip systems yield only three independent systems, the observed lack of ductility in polycrystalline aggregates may be rationalized.


Various feeding techniques for Sierpinski fractal monopole antennas are considered. To find low profile uniplanar antenna construction a novel feeding technique has been proposed: coaxial-fed with extended ground plane and coplanar waveguide with finite dimensions of the ground plane. The measurements of the fabricated antennas prototypes confirm usefulness new feeding technique.


Surface chemistry, and surface Fermi level (EFs) changes on InP, as a result of exposure to several sulfur compounds, and of subsequent heating were studied by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after p‐InP samples were exposed to a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and polysulfide, heating at 200–300 °C induced a strong type‐inversion of the semiconductor surface. However, subsequent heating at 400 °C returned EFs towards the valence band maximum (VBM). From many repeated experiments, EFs was found to be changed in the range of 0.5–1.2 eV (referenced to VBM). Further studies on exposure to other sulfur compounds including hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, and sulfur dioxide showed that the large range of EFs movement correlated only with polysulfide. The overall spectral results suggest that adsorption of hydrogen polysulfide reduced surface states in the band gap of InP and led to the formation of donor states near the conduction band minimum of InP upon heating at 200–300 °C. Further heating at 400 ...


Production in the farm directly depends on the quality of gilts. For this reason it would be necessary to replace non-productive sows. By monitoring and control of the growth intensity in the performance test make possibility to provide selection effect and get gilts adequate age and weight at insemination. The present paper analyses of growth traits from birth until the end of the performance test. The investigations included 205 gilts, of which 104 Landrace and 101 Yorkshire, which were obtained from 7 sires (4 of Landrace and 3 of Yorkshire breed). The gilts that had a smaller weight at birth, showed a smaller daily gain and body weight realized at the end of the test. Lactation duration of 32 days, weight at weaning was not less than 7 kg. During the test of 85 days, the realized average weight was 76 kg, with a gain of 0.90 kg for Landrace gilts, while Yorkshire had smaller one (71 kg) and so smaller daily gain (0.84 kg). With an average age of gilts of 160 days, Landrace gilts reached weight 108 kg, with an average life gain of 0.67 kg, while the Yorkshire gilts reached weight of 101 kg, with an average life gain of 0.62 kg. Tests of significance showed that the sire, breed and weight at birth have a highly significant impact on most of the observed traits and represent a significant source of phenotypic variability in growth traits of tested gilts.


The utility model discloses a braking device for a gardening tool. The braking device(2) is arranged on the gardening tool which comprises a drive set(16) provided with a driving axle(18), and an output shaft(6)for installing a work head. The central axis of the output shaft(6)is parallel but not coaxial with the central axis of the driving axle(18); the driving axle(18) is connected with a transmission element(22) which is connected with a turntable(20)fixedly connected with the output shaft(6)and drives the turntable(20) to work. The braking device comprises a first braking element(12), a second braking element(14) which is fixed relatively with respect to the gardening tool, and an elastic element(10). The first braking element(12)is arranged on the turntable(20)and is selectively meshed with the second braking element(14); at least one end of the elastic element(10)is connected with the first braking element(12). The braking device can quickly brake the gardening tool, thus ensuring the safety of the user.


The present invention is a delay of glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) derivative and its therapeutic use. GLP-1 derivatives of the invention comprise a Glu22 and Arg26, has an amino acid modification in total 2-12, pegylated at 18,20,23,30,31,34,36,37, or 39 position , or a GLP-1 (7-37) sequence that has been modified is derivatised with an albumin binding residue. These compounds are useful in the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes and related diseases. The compounds powerful and stable, long-term half-life has high binding affinity to albumin, and / or a high binding affinity to the extracellular domain of the GLP-1 receptor, all of which 1 week 1 dose capable of long-acting, they are potentially relevant to the overall purpose of obtaining stable and active GLP-1 derivatives.


the wider literature on diaspora as a social phenomena, and she uses analytic concepts developed within this scholarly field to typify and describe the groups and experiences that the volume's contributions deal with. The problem is that this theorization is hardly echoed in the chapters themselves. As a consequence, the volume's advantage lies in providing empirically based historical or ethnographic depictions and not in systematically developing theory. Third, scholars interested in comparative analysis may find useful information within the volume and often suggestive analytical insight but little beyond the cases presented. Asserting—as many of the U.S.-based scholars writing in the book do—that identity is labile, contextual, and dynamic as revealed by different Japanese diasporas has by now become a taken-for-granted matter in many of the social sciences. I found this volume a good read, empirically based, suggestive, and insightful in regard to the cases presented and overall a welcome addition to our understanding of "things Japanese."


The academic research and practices on democracy present western countries as almost perfect democracies in theory; however, focusing on citizen-based analysis they neglect major democratic rights of immigrants and their families in practice. Even if these immigrants gain the citizenship of the receiving country where they settled, they still face discrimination in their social, economic and political lives. There has been a dramatic increase in hate-crimes, anti-Islamism, intolerance and discrimination towards Muslim immigrants in western countries during the last two decades, parallel to continuous increase in migration from third countries. These anti-discriminatory practices motive us to evaluate democratic rights of immigrants in these countries in order to contribute and further democracy studies and research for disadvantageous immigrants and immigrant ancestor. This study benefiting from a case study, evaluates the democratic rights of Turkish immigrants in Germany, as the largest immigrant group. The study seeks how Turkish immigrants practice their citizenship rights, religious rights, right to vote, and right to be elected. As an analytical approach, we benefited from Dahl"s framework on democracy structured by eight criteria that need to be in a democratic country: right to vote, right to be elected, right of political leaders to compete for support and vote, free and fair elections, freedom of association, freedom of expression, alternative sources of information, and institutions for making public policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. Our findings and analysis show that many discriminatory practices toward Turkish immigrants with Muslim background while performing their democratic rights. Therefore study offers public decision-makers and NGOs of both Turkey and Germany should co-operate in order to enhance democratic rights of these immigrants.


Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into bone‐forming osteoblasts, playing a crucial role in bone regeneration. Exosomes are naturally cell‐secreted nanovesicles and are lately regraded as an emerging mediator of cellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions. The present study aimed at investigating the complex cellular communications, especially those among the differentiating BMSCs, immune cells (e.g., macrophages), and newly recruited BMSCs via exosome‐mediated pathways. Exosomes were first isolated from osteogenically differentiating BMSCs at various stages (Day 0, Day 3, Day 7, and Day 14, respectively). The cellular uptake of isolated exosomes was examined in macrophages and human BMSCs (hBMSCs). The exosomes collected at various osteogenic differentiation stages (0d‐exo, 3d‐exo, 7d‐exo, and 14d‐exo) had no effect on the viability of hBMSCs. The uptake of exosomes (0d‐exo, 3d‐exo, and 7d‐exo) significantly decreased proinflammatory‐gene expression and the level of an M1 phenotypic marker. Our results then revealed that 3d‐exo, 7d‐exo, and 14d‐exo led to a remarkable increase in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell migration. In addition, 0d‐exo significantly promoted the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein 2, indicating a pro‐osteogenic role of hBMSC‐derived exosomes. Collectively, these results suggest that exosomes derived from differentiating mesenchymal stem/stromal cells play a unique osteoimmunomodulatory role in the regulation of bone dynamics.


Senior-level biochemistry labs are mostly verification-type laboratories with little chance for exploration. We have developed a project-based biochemistry laboratory which gives them a chance to carry out a major biochemistry project. In the first quarter it is based on the purification of the enzyme lysozyme. The students are given some basic information, and then work out the details of their own procedures, make up their own solutions, and work at their own pace. Students use centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography, spectral enzyme assays, and SDS-gel electrophoresis to purify and characterize the protein. In the second quarter students are given acid phosphatase and the basic assay for the enzyme, and then develop and carry out a method for determining the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. These experiments continue the development of laboratory independence of the students which steadily progresses in most curriculum


Bidirectional ray-tracing launches rays from both the transmitter and the receiver sites, where the transfer function between the antennas can be computed by evaluating a reciprocity interaction integral. In this work, an asymptotic expansion approach for the evaluation of this interaction integral is introduced and discussed. By using an oscillatory integral representation and high-frequency assumptions, it is shown that the stationary phase approximation yields a simple algebraic expression for the result of the integral. Thus, the evaluation of the reciprocity integral becomes much more straightforward without any significant decline in terms of accuracy. The strong dependency between computation time and operating frequency is mostly avoided, in contrast to the traditional integration approaches. As a result, substantial speed-up factors can be achieved. Numerical results demonstrate the merits of this approach.


Knowledge-based machine translation can be viewed as the problem of extracting and representing the meaning of a text and generating a translation in a target language using the meaning representation. Meaning extraction requires the integration of information present explicitly in a text with common sense and domain knowledge given to the system. Thus, integrating linguistic knowledge of each language with general world knowledge is a central problem in machine translation , especially when more than two languages are involved. In this article we consider the design of a meaning representation that enables language-speciic lexicons to share knowledge with a language-independent world model. We illustrate how the underlying core meaning representation can be enhanced in three diierent ways to arrive at lexical, ontological, and text meaning representations. The meaning representations presented here have been implemented in the Mikrokos-mos machine translation system and used to represent Span-ish and Japanese lexicons in addition to a broad-coverage ontological world model. Most human knowledge is represented and communicated via natural languages in spite of relatively recent eeorts such as Cyc (Lenat and Guha, 1990) to \computerize" common sense knowledge. Extracting the meaning of a natural language text involves integrating the information present overtly in the text (which is typically incomplete) with the linguistic and world knowledge sources given to the system. The design of such a knowledge based natural language processing (NLP) system is inseparable from issues of sharing knowledge between linguistic and world knowledge sources, and, in turn, sharing knowledge representations between lexical, textual, and ontological meaning representations. Machine translation (MT), especially when it involves more than two languages, is an NLP problem that provides a particularly interesting context to study knowledge shar-0 ing between multiple knowledge bases containing diierent types of knowledge. In multilingual knowledge based machine translation (KBMT), the meaning of a source text is extracted using both linguistic knowledge of the source language and general world knowledge. The resulting meaning representation is then used to generate translations in one or more target languages. Language generation also requires both world knowledge and knowledge of the target language. The internal representation of the meaning of a text must be independent of particular languages to enable translation to or from any of a set of languages. A fundamental issue in the design of multilingual MT (and other NLP) systems is how to represent (i) linguistic knowledge for each language, (ii) general world knowledge, and …


Objective To study the expression of estrogen receptor subtypes (ERα and ERβ) in pre- and post-menopausal uterus,and to explore their effect during menopause.Methods Sixty-one samples of uteri excised for leiomyoma were studied by immunohistology to examine the localization and expression level of ER subtypes.Results The ERα expressed in cytoplasm at mucous membrane layer,muscle layer and chorion layer in the pre- and post-menopausal uteri.Among them,the expression level of ERα was most abundant in the gland epithelial cells.ERβ only expressed in the gland epithelial cells and at lower level than ERα.The expression level of ERα in post-menopausal uterus was lower than that in pre-menopausal uterus.No ERβ was detectable in the post-menopausal uterus.Conclusions The expression pattern of ER subtypes in the pre- and post-menopausal uterus is different,which indicates the relationship between menopause and alteration of ERα and ERβ.


BACKGROUND
Graphene oxide (GO) membrane with 2-dimentional nanocapillaries has gained worldwide attention. To manipulate the membrane separation performance, most existing studies focused on sandwiching appropriate species between GO layers. This study aimed to provide multiple strategies to manipulate the GO membrane separation performance, including the mechanical support, properties of GO nanosheets, and exotic species (i.e. cross-linkers and residual water molecules).

RESULTS
Used as the support material, compared to the nitrocellulose membrane, the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane offered stronger mechanical strength to ensure a stable flux. Additional mechanical support could be provided by the non-woven cloth underneath the GO membrane. The usage of GO nanosheets with smaller sizes obtained by centrifugation of the GO suspension increased the water flux and NaCl rejection. Cross-linking GO layers by Ca2+ resulted in a decreased water flux but increased salt rejection. The same phenomena was observed for the GO membranes post-treated by vacuum drying, which, compared to air drying, evaporated more residual water molecules from the nanocapillaries.

CONCLUSION
Results suggested that the mechanical support, properties of GO nanosheets, cross-linkers, and residual water molecules greatly affected the membrane water flux and rejections, which could be utilized as the strategies to manipulate the GO membrane separation performance.


The response to applied electric fields of vanadium dioxide thin films above and below the phase transition is shown experimentally to depend on the size of grains if below ~200nm across, and on aluminum doping above a critical concentration. Tc drops as doping level increases, but does not depend on grain size. The observed phase transition undergoes a remarkable qualitative shift as the applied field goes from optical to low frequencies. The expected insulator to metal transition is found at optical frequencies, but at low frequencies an insulator-to-insulator transition occurs. Optical switching at both T < Tc and T > Tc is nearly independent of doping level and grain size. In contrast dc properties in both phases are quite sensitive to both factors. The band gaps predicted by optical and dc data differ, and densities of states change with doping level. Lattice or electron dynamics alone cannot yield such behaviour, but it can arise if there is a transient phase change. The way doping and grain size can support such a phase is discussed. Only individual nanograins need to switch phases coherently to explain data, not the whole sample. Resistance as a function of composition across the transition was derived using effective medium compositional analysis of optical data at temperatures in the hysteresis zone. Expected percolation behaviour does not arise in such an analysis, with the observed thresholds different when heating and cooling, and they occur at temperatures which differ from the usual Tc values.


The new scenario of the world economy presents itself to cooperative societies in the form of a permanent contradiction, that is, to remain a competitive company, capable of facing large multinationals that conquer their markets and, at the same time, meet the needs of its members, not always being able to do it with any result.This contradiction imposes limits on the financing of its expansion process with its own resources (self-financing), especially in developing economies, where the capital factor is generally scarce and expensive, and its need is apparently infinite. There is a consensus that the development of the capital market can supply this shortage of long-term private credit, just look at the international experience, in which this market captures the necessary resources to finance the expansion process of companies, promoting gains in competitiveness. and productivity across the economic system.The potential of the capital market to assume this role depends on the growth of voluntary institutional savings (investment funds, pension funds and open pension funds), as well as the persistent reduction in the interest rate on government bonds that will be possible, if there is a clear government intention to consolidate the long-term fiscal adjustment, reducing the vulnerability of the Brazilian economy to international financial capital.The expectation regarding the strengthening of this market is what justifies the proposal of this research, given the scarcity of credit permeating all the decisions of the agricultural cooperatives, when, from a certain stage of their growth process, a new relationship between own and third party resources, which, in some cases, compromises their financial balance. Keywords— Agricultural cooperatives; Capitalization, Financing, Structure of capital; Rural


Throughout the United States, there is a robust debate about the multiple roles and responsibilities of public universities. Nearly six years ago, the Kellogg Commission on the Future of State and Land-Grant Universities called upon institutions of higher education to become engaged in partnerships with their respective communities. This call coincided with a movement among many reorienting themselves toward their respective communities. Many institutions saw in their local communities opportunities to give back as well as to reinvigorate and strengthen their academic mission.


A 59‐year‐old white man presented to the Dermatology Clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch with ti verrucous nodule on the right forearm. The patient was a retired woodworker. He had polytiiyositis with pulmonary fibrosis for 5 years. Prednisone and mcthotrexate were required to control his disease.


English is an international language but the misuse of English language some times creates difficulties in understanding as some of the phrases create confusions in understanding the figures of speech.


At present, the tubings used for the gas cylinder tubes of tube trailers mainly have problems including poor wall thickness uniformity, obvious banded structure which may lead to increased risks of cylinder breaking, and big inclination of stress corrosion which may reduce the safety factor, etc. Based on this, "hot expanding + cold drawing + thermal treatment" precision cold drawing process is used in the trial production of gas cylinder tube of tube trailer. Hot expanding can reduce banded structure of tubings and cold drawing can improve the uniformity of wall thickness. After cold drawing, through large proportion of the plastic deformation, tube wall can break the original grains and fi ne grains can be obtained in the subsequent thermal treatment, which can reduce the inclination of stress corrosion and effectively improve the safety factor of gas cylinder tube of tube trailer, and the whole process is simple and fl exible with strong operability.


ABSTRACT Makeup tutorials are one of the most popular YouTube video genres among young females. Feminist media scholars have asserted that makeup videos are based on postfeminist culture. Postfeminism defines femininity as a bodily property and focuses on enhancing appearance through consumption. To quantitatively confirm the results of feminist media studies, the current study theorized a psychological mechanism through which viewing frequency of and interest in makeup tutorials influence postfeminist beliefs in young women, using three traditional media effects theories (cultivation theory, social cognitive theory, and social comparison theory). A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted in South Korea, which is considered one of the big five cosmetics markets worldwide. A path analysis showed that both frequency and interest at Wave 1 (W1) indirectly influenced postfeminist beliefs at W2 through social comparison (social comparison theory) at W1. Interest at W1 also had an indirect effect on postfeminist beliefs at W2 through outcome expectations (social cognitive theory) at W1. Societal prevalence (cultivation theory) was positively associated with frequency of viewing, but did not serve as a mediator. The results suggest that YouTube makeup tutorials may reinforce postfeminist beliefs in young women, and social comparison theory best explains the process.


PurposeTo obtain retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements by optical coherence tomography in a local, normal Hong Kong Chinese population and to identify the correlation of the measurement with age cross-sectionally. MethodsA total of 129 normal Hong Kong Chinese volunteers of different age groups were recruited for this study. The RNFL was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT; OCT 2000; Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA). ResultsMean ± SD peripapillary RNFL measurements at the superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal regions were 145 ± 24, 154 ± 26, 98 ± 32, and 87 ± 16 &mgr;m, respectively. There was a highly significant negative correlation in average RNFL measurement with increasing age (3.3 &mgr;m per decade, P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation with increasing age was also identified in the RNFL measurements in all the regions (P < 0.05) and decreased at similar extent. ConclusionThe RNFL thickness of the Hong Kong Chinese population, as measured by OCT, appeared to decrease over time. The OCT normative values used for determining RNFL measures "outside of normal" should be developed on an age-specific, or at least age-adjusted, basis.


Technical innovation is a speculative venture,which may bring investors benefits or losses.For medium and small-sized enterprises,owing to lack of funds,high costs of manpower and insufficient capacity to withstand risks of technology and market,efficient and safe technical innovation should be chosen according to their own conditions and changes of internal and external situation.That means the expectation aim is achieved based on shortest-way principle and gradual process,which decreases risks and costs of technical innovation to the most extent.


Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the Indirect Care time (including Nonproductive time) expressed as a proportion of Available time; this eventually will be combined with Direct Care time and Unavailable for Care time to determine nursing requirements consistent with currently accepted nurse staffing standards methodology. To determine the Indirect Care and Nonproductive proportions for the Army L and D nursing units, a stratified work sampling design was used. Using weighted stratified sampling, the required sample size of 8 sites was selected from the low, medium, and high workload strata proportionate to the number of sites from the total universe that occurred within each stratum. Using 5% accuracy (95% confidence interval length) and .65 as an approximation of the Indirect Care time proportion, it was estimated that at least 364 data point per site were required. Data collection was distributed over a work cycle for L and D defined as one week of the measured unit's hours of operation. A minimum of one observation session per hour and a maximum of six observation sessions per hour were scheduled to insure representative sampling of nursing activities throughout the day. Upon analysis of the collected data, the findings from this study recommend that a combined Indirect Care and Nonproductive proportion of 71.1% (based upon Available time and with the head nurse, wardmaster, and ward clerk position considered as directed requirements) be used to develop the L and D staffing standards.


We present a generalization of the Theory of Moments that characterize the nonlinear propagation from one beam to two beams. This was realized in order to verify the validity of a computational algorithm developed for pump‐probe and Raman–Stokes dynamics. By reproducing the physics described analytically one develops confidence into the code. The average description of the transverse energy current distribution is calculated by determining its zero first and second moments at the input plane. The sum of the two beam widths satisfies a quadratic extension whose coefficients are these two moments.


KRAS G12C mutations are associated with poor outcomes in patients with cancer, and they can occur in about 13% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs)


A simpler, more sensitive home screening test for bowel cancer has been recommended for use in the NHS bowel cancer screening programme in England.

The UK National Screening Committee has recommended that the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) should replace the current guaiac faecal occult blood test, as it allows for detection and prevention of more cancers and is easier to use. Last year Scotland committed to adopting FIT, which is also recommended in the European guideline for colorectal cancer screening.

Currently more than 235 000 people in the United Kingdom have bowel …


This study aimed to examine the trial-to-trial reliability and sex differences in a foot pressure load balance test and its relationship to physical characteristics in 396 preschool children (201 boys and 195 girls). The subjects were asked to maintain an upright standing posture for 10 seconds three times on the Footview Clinic, an instrument designed to calculate the right-left and anterior-posterior ratios of foot pressure load. The ratios of the left and anterior foot pressure loads in right and left feet were selected as variables. Intra-class correlation coefficients between the second and third trials in all variables were high (intra-class correlation coefficients = 0.70 - 0.90). The above variables showed insignificant sex differences and little relationships with physique. When measuring foot pressure load balance, it is desirable to use a mean of the second and third trials as a representative.


This paper aims to present a comparison between the Naive Bayes model and the Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN). This comparison is preceded by a philosophical explanation of the two in the author's way of understanding. Then this comparison was carried out in the case of making a predictive model for the final exam scores of students at the Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. In this case, we apply two different models, namely Naive Bayes and Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) to predict learning outcomes before ending at the end of the semester in terms of lecturers' assessments of students. When the course is in progress, the lecturer needs to continuously evaluate students' understanding of the subject matter being taught. This is so that lecturers can immediately anticipate learning problems in class. Calculations with these two models use only R language with jupyter notebook interface. Validation and testing of the two models used a case dataset in 4 classes of language theory and automata course students even semester 2017-2018 at the Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and University of Muhammadiyah Ponorogo with a dataset size of 99 notes (99 students). For the validation and model testing methods, k- fold and hold-out cross-validation are used. Each model is validated and tested with the same k-fold method scheme.


Field experiment was conducted during 2013 to study the seasonal incidence and efficacy of various insecticides and bio-rationals against citrus psylla in sweet orange. The results revealed that the peak nymphal population of citrus psylla was observed in the month of February-March and August-September and it was low in May-June and December. The reduction in the pest coincided with reduction in new flushes during April to June months and decreased with low temperature in November and December months and increased in temperature from May to June month. Among the different insecticides evaluated against citrus psylla, the treatment with abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.4 ml/l (0.0007%) was found most effective in recording the least nymphal population of citrus psylla at 3rd, 7th and 14th days after sprays over rest of the treatments. The next best treatment was imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.25 ml/l (0.004%). Dimethoate (0.06%) recorded 18.18, 13.94 and 9.35 population of citrus psylla nymphs at 3rd, 7th and 14th days after sprays whereas bio-rationals i.e. V.lecanii and B.bassiana recorded 33.97, 22.13 ,17.97 and 39.00,33.18,28.32 respectively at 3rd, 7th and 14th days after sprays.


A simple fumigation technique is described, which allows twenty to thirty tests to be made at once with different concentrations of vapour. The 50% lethal doses (LD 50's) of different substances were estimated by the probit method of analysis, the slopes of the probit lines also being recorded.

The present work had two aims, the first being the investigation of the relationship of the molar LD 50's of different substances to one another. The substances were so chosen that comparison could be made both within homologous series and, for compounds with the same alkyl groups, between them. The second aim was to find out to what extent the slopes of probit lines varied for compounds believed to have like and unlike modes of action.

Some of the series were known to contain substances with an anaesthetic or narcotic effect, symptoms which are frequently attributed to substances with some type of physical action. Other series included compounds which had little or no observed narcotic effect, which were lethal at low vapour concentrations and for which evidence exists that they possess chemical toxicity for some organisms. A series which might reasonably be expected to have some of the attributes of both the 'physical' and chemical toxicants was also used.

On plotting log molar LD 50's against the number of alkyl carbon atoms, the well-known linear relationship was noted for the series with an observed narcotic effect, the constant logarithmic difference being large in all except the alcohol series. However, the upper members of the series which were presumed chemically toxic also possessed toxicities which showed a constant logarithmic difference, but a much smaller one than that characteristic of the first group. The bromide series had for its higher members a constant difference in the log LD 50's intermediate between these two groups. On the other hand, the lower members of the bromide, iodide and thiocyanate series had log LD 50's which were not related in any obvious way. These experimental results are discussed in terms of phase distribution and chemical reactivity.

Two poisons whose modes of action on a given organism are much alike often show parallel probit regression lines, especially if they possess similar chemical constitutions. There is, however, no reason why this should necessarily be the case, and in the present investigation it was found that compounds with an observed anaesthetic or narcotic effect often had very different probit slopes. Within most series, the slope was not greatly different except for the lower and higher members, for which it often appeared higher than for the intermediate ones. Between series, a rough correlation often existed between probit slope and median response vapour pressure.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between respiratory tract inflammation and interleukin-8,tumor necrosis factor-α,neutrophil in the sputum and the relationship between these factors and smoking in smokers.Methods 30 healthy smokers and 30 healthy nonsmokers were chosen.The sputum samples were collected by inducing method.Cells in the sputum were examined by microscopy.The levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in fluid-phase of sputum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results A increased levels of interleukin-8 and neutrophil proportion were showed in the sputum of healthy smoking group compared with those of healthy nonsmoking group(P0.01,P0.05).As for the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,no significant difference was seen between healthy smoking group and healthy nonsmoking group(P0.05).There was no significant difference between the level of interleukin-8 in the cases(smoking index400)and that in the cases(smoking index ≤400)(P0.05).The level of interleukin-8 in the sputum showed a positive correlation with neutrophil proportion(r=0.544).Conclusion Neutrophil,IL-8 in the sputum are associated with respiratory tract inflammation in the healthy smokers,smoking is an important factor in the inflammation.


There are a number of LPC‐based speech synthesis integrated circuits available on the market today. For many practical applications of these chips, it is advantageous to utilize a real‐time code generation system. Traditional LPC analysis techniques, such as covariance, autocorrelation, and PARCOR, process blocks of speech samples yielding one set of LPC parameters for each block. Autocorrelation and covariance techniques require matrix inversion and are too complex for hardware implementation. PARCOR‐type lattice techniques require a large amount of data storage at each stage of the lattice. In this study we have evaluated a fast and efficient LPC analysis technique suitable for hardware implementation for real‐time operation. Unlike the traditional LPC analysis techniques, the real‐time technique processes individual samples of speech. The LPC parameters are first initialized and then updated as each sample is processed. Computer simulation has shown that the real‐time technique yields reasonable spectr...


SUMMARY The problem of soil erosion in Brazil has been a focus of agricultural scientificresearch since the 19 th century. The aim of this study was to provide a historicaloverview of the institutional landmarks which gave rise to the first studies in soilerosion and established the foundations of agricultural research in Brazil. The 19 th century and beginning of the 20 th century saw the founding of a series of institutionsin Brazil, such as Botanical Gardens, executive institutions, research institutes,experimental stations, educational institutions of agricultural sciences, as well asthe creation and diversification of scientific journals. These entities, each in itsown way, served to foster soil erosion research in Brazil. During the Imperial period(1808-1889), discussions focused on soil degradation and conserving the fertility ofagricultural land. During the First Republic (1889-1930), with the founding ofvarious educational institutions and consolidation of research on soil degradationconducted by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas in the State of Sao Paulo, studiesfocused on soil depletion, identification of the major factors causing soil erosionand the measures necessary to control it. During the New State period (1930-1945),many soil conservation practices were developed and disseminated to combaterosion and field trials were set up, mainly to measure soil and water losses inducedby hydric erosion. During the Brazilian New Republic (1945-1964), experimentswere conducted throughout Brazil, consolidating soil and water conservation asone of the main areas of Soil Science in Brazil. This was followed by scientificconferences on erosion and the institutionalization of post-graduate studies. Duringthe Military Regime (1964-1985), many research and educational institutions werefounded, experimental studies intensified, and coincidently, soil erosion reachedalarming levels which led to the development of the no-tillage system.Index terms: historiography, soil conservation, land degradation, soil science.


There are problems,which need to be clear or considered about,if thinking method is an arrangement,only theoretical thinking method and only cognizance method.These problems are explained in this paper.


The last twelve months have seen a renewal of the public versus private schools debate, perhaps even more vigorously than ever before. Unfortunately, discussions have been limited by a narrow view of the options, revolving around the assumption that a public-private dichotomy in schooling is inevitable. We are moving ever closer to a blurring of this distinction. Yet there are still people who resist this change. Many, it seems, would prefer to revive the futile 'state aid' dispute of the 1960s than to accept the new challenges facing schools and move forward.


Bimedical applications of nanotechnology, such as early in vivo metastatic disease detection and specific cell destruction, were documneted, using small sized supermagnetic coated particles with specific antibodies. Antibody coated nanoparticles can be used as contrast markers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of targeted cells and at the same time in temeprature induced specific, in situ destruction of these cells, using external alternative magnetic field application. Oure experimental results corroborate this hypothesis. Combined diagnosis with treatments many considerable applications of nanotechnology in biomedicine could be performed depending on availability of appropiate antibodies.


1D metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanowires (NWs) have energized research interest owing to their unique characteristics; they are grain‐boundary‐free, efficiently transport axial carriers, in conjunction with strong radial spatial confinement. Herein, recent progress in the synthesis, integration, property characterization, and advanced optoelectronic applications of MHP NWs is systematically reviewed. The approaches to synthesize MHP NWs are mainly classified into solution‐phase and vapor‐phase methods, as well as the top‐down technique. Meanwhile, highly ordered patterns/templates‐assisted and surface‐guided alignment methods are utilized to integrate MHP NWs into NW arrays. The enhanced long‐term stability and superior optoelectronic properties of MHP NWs enable excellent optoelectronic device performance, where solar cells, photodetectors, image sensors, bionic eyes, light‐emitting diodes, resistive random‐access memories, and field‐effect transistors are mainly discussed. Finally, some perspectives for further direction of exploration to improve the device performance and path ways toward their practical applications are also provided.


Abstract A method of integrating a radiometer output using operational amplifiers to give 60-min. readout of solar and terrestrial radiation in gm.-cal. cm.−2 hr.−1 is described. The system also includes a compensation circuit for ambient temperature effect. Results of selected case studies are illustrated by graphs and figures.


The invention discloses a surface-plasma-reinforced quantum well infrared detector. The detector comprises a top contact layer, wherein a grating structure is etched on the top contact layer; an insulating protective layer is deposited on the top contact layer; an electrode window is downwards etched on the insulating protective layer and formed to the top contact layer on the lower portion; a metal electrode layer is deposited at the electrode window and is in contact with the top contact layer and a grating. According to an infrared detector, the metal electrode layer is in contact with the top contact layer containing the grating, plasma excimers are formed on the surface of the contact position between metal and the contact layer, and external quantum efficiency of the quantum well infrared detector is improved.


This document provides a test plan for the conduct of plasma arc vitrification testing by a vendor in support of the Hanford Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Low-Level Waste (LLW) Vitrification Program. The vendor providing this test plan and conducting the work detailed within it [one of seven selected for glass melter testing under Purchase Order MMI-SVV-384212] is the Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (WSTC) in Pittsburgh, PA. WSTC authors of the test plan are D. F. McLaughlin, E. J. Lahoda, W. R. Gass, and N. D`Amico. The WSTC Program Manager for this test is D. F. McLaughlin. This test plan is for Phase I activities described in the above Purchase Order. Test conduct includes melting of glass frit with Hanford LLW Double-Shell Slurry Feed waste simulant in a plasma arc fired furnace.


By J. D. ROLLESTON, M.D. WHILE preparing a paper on " Chaucer and Mediaval Medicine " for the recent Congress of the History of Medicine at Bucharest, where I was the delegate of this Society, I was delighted to find that the poet had drawn a remarkably vivid picture of intractable rosacea in one of the Canterbury pilgrims, with an indication of its ietiology in his sanguine constitution and alcoholic habits. The passage, which I bave not found quoted in any of the few dermatological works in which the early history of the disease is mentioned, runs as follows:-