Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability around the whole world. Currently computed axial tomography (CAT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan and ultrasound CAT scan, MRI, PET scan) and ultrasound are commonly used to detect brain stroke. However, these scan facilities are not available outside the hospital environment due to their large and bulky structure and beside this MRI is a very expensive diagnose system. In this research, a microwave imaging system utilizing unidirectional antenna is designed that uses the difference in contrast in the electrical properties between healthy and hemorrhaged brain tissues. Two unidirectional patch antennas are used in MWI simulation. One is used to transmit signal and another one is for receiving transmitted backscattered signal from various parts of the head. A homogeneous head phantom with the brain is placed between the transmitter and receiver antenna. An elliptical shaped blood clot (having density of 1060 Kg/m3, thermal conductivity of 0.51 W/K/m) is considered in the simulation system. The received backscattered signals are post-processed to generate a 2D image.


Refugee-dwelling footprints derived from satellite imagery are beneficial for humanitarian operations. Recently, deep learning approaches have attracted much attention in this domain. However, most refugees are hosted by low- and middle-income countries where accurate label data are often unavailable. The Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach has been widely applied to this task for humanitarian operations over the last decade. However, the footprints were usually produced urgently, and thus, include delineation errors. Thus far, no research discusses whether these footprints generated by the OBIA approach (OBIA labels) can replace manually annotated labels (Manual labels) for this task. This research compares the performance of OBIA labels and Manual labels under multiple strategies by semantic segmentation. The results reveal that the OBIA labels can produce IoU values greater than 0.5, which can produce applicable results for humanitarian operations. Most falsely predicted pixels source from the boundary of the built-up structures, the occlusion of trees, and the structures with complicated ontology. In addition, we found that using a small number of Manual labels to fine-tune models initially trained with OBIA labels can outperform models trained with purely Manual labels. These findings show high values of the OBIA labels for deep-learning-based refugee-dwelling extraction tasks for future humanitarian operations.


Background: The quality of general movements (GMs) during early infancy has consistently been found to be a powerful predictor of motor disorders in later childhood. The question arises whether the quality of GMs is also associated with later cognition. Aim: To determine whether quality of GMs in preterm children has predictive value for cognitive development at school age. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects: The study group consisted of 60 preterm infants (36 boys, 24 girls) without cerebral palsy. The median gestational age was 30.0 weeks (range 25-33 weeks), median birth weight was 1130 grams (595-1800g). The educational level of both parents ranged from elementary to tertiary level (mothers: median 10 years, range 6-17 years, fathers: median 11 years, range 8-17 years). The quality of GMs was prospectively assessed as normal or abnormal from videorecordings that were made at regular intervals: at preterm age, term, three to eight weeks' post-term, and at eleven to seventeen weeks' post-term age. Outcome measures: At seven to eleven years of age, the children's intelligence was tested using the WISC-IIINL. The total (TIQ), verbal (VIQ) and performance (PIQ) intelligence quotient scores were calculated. Results: The median TIQ was 93 (67-113), VIQ 96 (68-117), and PIQ 92 (65-119). Fifteen children (25%) had a low TIQ (<85). The longitudinal course of the quality of GMs was associated with TIQ, VIQ, and PIQ. If the quality of GMs had normalised before eight weeks' post-term, TIQ, VIQ, and PIQ fell within the normal range. A consistently abnormal quality of GMs before eight weeks' post-term was associated with a lower TIQ, VIQ, and PIQ. The likelihood ratio of consistently abnormal GMs up to eight weeks post-term for a low TIQ was 4.9 (95%CI: 1.4-17.2). The educational levels of the parents were not associated with IQ scores. Conclusions: The quality of GMs during the early post-term period is a predictor for intelligence at school age. Abnormal quality of GMs during the early post-term period may refl ect injury or developmental disruptions of brain areas involved in cognitive development. It may also refl ect the crucial role of motor activity in normal cognitive development.


A spin-one Ising model previously proposed for an adsorbed monolayer is investigated using a Monte Carlo method for the case of the strong biquadratic nearest-neighbour interaction. It is shown that there exist then two kinds of intermediate phases in addition to two ordered phases which were found in the model with weak biquadratic nearest-neighbour interaction. A phase diagram obtained from the MC data is presented with inclusion of phase boundaries characterizing the existing phase transitions. We show then that the intermediate phases are also predicted from a mean-field theory based on the four-sublattice model, the results of which are compared with the MC results. The conditions for the appearance of one of the intermediate phases are discussed using this mean-field theory.


composition capable of being applied to the skin, semi-mucous membranes and / or mucous membranes, characterized by containing a polymer system comprising a polymer film-forming radical, said polymer system a temperature of glass transition (Tg) less than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 15 ° C minimum temperature of film formation (TMF), will be suitable such polymer system to form a film with less than 50 hardness and said polymer being selected from radicals from the group of copolymers consisting of copolymers of (meth ) acrylic / (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid / (meth) acrylate / styrene, (meth) acrylic / styrene and (meth) acrylic acid / a-metilesti- reindeer.


Cardiovascular events (CVEs) are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A retrospective analysis of the causes of death of a large group of nephrological patients shows that the mortality of patients from cardiovascular events is more than 4.1 higher than the number of deaths from all kidney diseases, including end-stage chronic kidney disease [1]. Aim of the study: to evaluate the possibility of CI for predicting the degree of damage to the coronary arteries of the heart in patients with CKD.

 In a prospective study for MSCT, 60 patients were selected (30 patients each from groups 1 and 2 (15 patients in subgroups) with CKD stage 5 of various etiologies receiving PG. The results of multispiral CT-coronary angiography in 60 consecutive patients/clients of a multidisciplinary clinic were analyzed. Among them were: 41 men (68.3%) and 19 women (31.6), the age ranged from 28 to 74 years (mean age - 53.4 ± 11.89 years). The mean age of the woman was 55.05 ± 11.92 years; men 52.63 ± 11.61 years old, there were no statistically significant differences between the age, heart rate, SBP and DBP of women and men, which indicates the representativeness of the groups.

 To assess coronary calcification, MSCT of the chest was performed to determine the mass and volume of coronary calcium. When compared in group 1 patients, in relation to group 2 patients in all coronary basins, there is a significant increase in the content of coronary calcium (p<0.05 for all indicators). The Agatston index in the examined patients ranged from 0 to 790 units (units). Patients with CI ranging from 101 to 400 units. were older - from 34 to 54 years (mean age 42.77 years). Among them, males clearly predominated. In 50% of patients, there was a multivascular lesion of the coronary arteries with significant stenosis in the anterior interventricular branch (LAD) and the right coronary artery (RCA), and without significant stenosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. With CI over 400 units. all 30 examined patients had multiple coronary artery stenoses, the maximum of which exceeded 70%. At the same time, 5 patients (8.3%) had 4 stenoses of the coronary arteries of the heart. This is consistent with evidence that increased cardiovascular risk is associated with total coronary artery calcium load. Taking into account the fact that according to the results of the study it was found that in many patients with coronary artery stenosis from 20 to 49%, belonging to the group of patients with high cardiovascular risk and with stenosis of more than 50%, to the group of very high risk, having an increased CI, then this indicator can be used as an additional indicator for cardiovascular risk stratification to predict cardiovascular events.

 The Agatston index or CI, determined using multislice CT, can be used as a screening method for detecting coronary artery atherosclerosis and determining cardiovascular risk. With CI over 100 units. the vast majority of the surveyed revealed multiple stenoses of the coronary arteries, with an indicator of more than 400 units. hemodynamically significant arterial damage is expected. Such patients should undergo an additional examination: functional tests (bicycle ergometry, treadmill test, daily ECG monitoring) or contrast coronary angiography to verify the main diagnosis and to decide on further tactics for managing patients.


Over-dispersed count data typically pose a challenge to analysis using standard statistical methods, particularly when evaluating the efficacy of an intervention through the observed effect on the mean. We outline a novel statistical method for analysing such data, along with a statistically coherent framework within which the observed efficacy is assigned one of four easily interpretable classifications relative to a target efficacy: "adequate", "reduced", "borderline" or "inconclusive". We illustrate our approach by analysing the anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole using a dataset of egg reduction rates relating to three intestinal parasites from a treatment arm of a randomised controlled trial involving 91 children on Pemba Island, Tanzania. Numerical validation of the type I error rates of the novel method indicate that it performs as well as the best existing computationally-simple method, but with the additional advantage of providing valid inference in the case of an observed efficacy of 100%. The framework and statistical analysis method presented also allow the required sample size of a prospective study to be determined via simulation. Both the framework and method presented have high potential utility within medical parasitology, as well as other fields where over-dispersed count datasets are commonplace. In order to facilitate the use of these methods within the wider medical community, user interfaces for both study planning and analysis of existing datasets are freely provided along with our open-source code via: this http URL


. The inner ideals of the simple finite dimensional Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 are classified up to conjugation by automorphisms of the Lie algebra, and up to Jordan isomorphisms of their corresponding subquotients (any proper inner ideal of such an algebra is abelian and therefore it has a subquotient which is a simple Jordan pair). While the description of the inner ideals of the Lie algebras of types A l , B l , C l and D l can be obtained from the Lie inner ideal structure of the simple Artinian rings and simple Artinian rings with involution, the description of the inner ideals of the exceptional Lie algebras (types G 2 , F 4 , E 6 , E 7 and E 8 ) remained open. The method we use here to classify inner ideals is based on the relationship between abelian inner ideals and Z -gradings, obtained in a recent paper of the last three named authors with E. Neher. This reduces the question to deal with root systems.


A user-centered approach to interactive system development requires a way to represent the behavior of a user interacting with an interface. While a number of behavioral representation techniques exist, not all provide the capabilities necessary to support the interaction development process. Based on observations of existing representation techniques and comments from users of the User Action Notation (UAN), a userand task-centered behavioral representation technique, we have developed a taxonomical model of behavioral representation techniques. Our model is an epistemological framework for discussing, analyzing, extending, and comparing existing behavioral representation techniques, as well as being a springboard for developing and evaluating new techniques. We present the model and results of our evaluation demonstrating the model's reliability y and utility within the context of behavioral representation techniques. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND CONTEXT It has been shown repeatedly that traditional software engineering methods do not necessarily lead to high usability when applied to the development of user interfaces (e.g. 1,2, 3). This is reasonable since the focus of these methods is the software, not the user. To achieve high usability, the interface development process should be user-centered; i.e., it should focus on the user's tasks, needs, and behavior while interacting with the system. This view, referred to as the behavioral view (4), has led to a variety of techniques for representing the design of a user interface in terms of the behavior of the user, independently of user interface software and hardware considerations. One such technique, the User Action Notation (UAN) (4, 5), is a userand task-oriented notation that describes the behavior of a user and an interface during their cooperative performance of a task. Other behavioral representation Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, raquires a fee and/or specific permission. CH194-4/94 Boston, Massachusetts USA a 1994 ACM 0-89791 -650 -619410159 . ..$3.50 techniques include GOMS (6), Command Language Grammar (CLG) (7), keystroke-level model (8), Task Action Grammar (TAG) (9), Reisner Action Language (10), work by Kieras and Poison (1 1), scenarios or story-boarding, and Task Artifact Framework (12). The primary abstraction of the UAN is a user task — a user action or group of temporally related user actions performed to achieve a work goal. A user interface is represented as a quasi-hierarchical structure of tasks that are asynchronous — the sequencing within each task is independent of that in other tasks. User actions, corresponding interface feedback, and state information are presented at the lowest level. Levels of abstraction are used to hide the details of lower level tasks by combining these tasks under a single task name. At all levels, user actions and user tasks are ordered and combined using temporal relations such as sequencing, interleaving, and concurrency. Since textual notations are not always convenient for specifying all components of an interface, UAN descriptions may include screen pictures (scenarios), and can be supplemented with state transition diagrams to indicate precisely how the user interacts with the interface. The UAN has progressed from its inception as a research project to a practical approach that has been used extensively in real world development environments. Over the past 3 years, we have observed use of the UAN in a substantial portion of the more than 50 industrial and government sites that are using the UAN for user interface development. We have interacted with these users of the UAN to obtain their feedback for improving and extending the UAN. However, as we began making extensions to the UAN based on data from its users, we found that there was no structured method for determining whether our changes were actually improving the notation. This lack of either a practical or a theoretical yardstick for determining improvement in the UAN led us to develop and evaluate a taxonomical model of behavioral representation techniques. The model is an epistemological framework for discussing, analyzing, extending, and comparing existing behavioral representation techniques, as well as being a springboard for developing and evaluating new techniques. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of the model.


In this exploratory study, I examine Ignatian values to see if they relate to corporate culture. Using values theory and content analysis methodology I find that (1) among the Jesuit colleges and Universities, there is no consistency in the use of the Ignatian values, (2) the Ignatian values are embedded in those colleges and universities that use them relative to Protestant Universities, and (3) the Ignatian values have some similarity with corporate values.


Background: The study is aimed to compare the effects of intrathecal fentanyl and intrathecal morphine combined with
0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine on the quality of postoperative pain control for unilateral inguinal hernia repair in adult
male population. Fifty –ve patients aged 18-60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-IIMaterials and Methods:
scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair surgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized double blinded study. Patients received spinal
anesthesia with either 25 mcg fentanyl plus 15 mg heavy bupivacaine intrathecally (group F, n=55) or 0.2 mg morphine plus 15 mg heavy
bupivacaine intrathecally (group M, n=55).Hemodynamic parameters, time to rst analgesic requirement, postoperative pain scores, the number
of analgesic requirements and side effects over postoperative 24 h were recorded Pain scores were signicantly lower in group MResults:
compared with group F in the postoperative 24 h. The time to rst analgesic requirement was higher in group M than group F. Analgesic
requirement was higher in group F than group M for the rst 24 hours, postoperative We concluded that the addition of 0.2 mgConclusion:
morphine intrathecally to 15 mg heavy bupivacaine provides improved postoperative analgesia than 25 mcg fentanyl for inguinal hernia repair
under spinal anesthesia.


The constant estrus induced by neonatal androgenization in the female rat may be disrupted following a drug-induced change of the monoamine levels in the preoptic area and arcuate nucleus of the median eminence. The most precise effect is obtained with 5-HT. This is in favour of a predominant alteration of the serotonergic system which seems to be involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain.


Hemangioma is a common vascular disease in infants and young children and some tumor masses locate at peculiar sites that damage the function of organs and may even affect development. However, treatment of infantile hemangioma at a peculiar site is not uniform. This study evaluated the clinical efficiency of the treatment 'pingyangmycin-assisted resection'. A total of 129 children with hemangioma at a peculiar site was selected, and were divided into three groups randomly. Simplex surgical removal of tumor (group A), pingyangmycin local injection (group B), and pingyangmycin local injection combined with surgery procedure (group C) were performed. Short-term clinical efficacy, one-year recurrence rate, complication during treatment & adverse drug reaction rate, and protein expression of ER, VEGF and bF-GF in tumor tissue was taken into consideration to evaluate the clinical efficiency. After three courses of treatment, the clinical total effective rate among three groups was significantly different, group C was higher than group B and the cure rate of group C were higher than group A and B (P<0.05). After one-year follow-up visit, the recurrence rate of group C was lower than group A and B (P>0.05). The complication during treatment and adverse drug reaction rate among the three groups was not statistically different and all patients were able to tolerate adverse drug reactions, and the complications disappeared after symptom treatment. The positive expression rate of ER, VEGF, and bF-GF protein in post-treatment tumor tissues of patients in group C was significantly lower than group B and C (P<0.05). Treatment, with local injection of pingyangmycin combined with surgical resection of hemangioma at a peculiar site, can effectively reduce the positive expression of ER, VEGF and bF-GF protein in tumor tissues. Clinical efficacy was solid with lower recurrence rate, and children could tolerate postoperative complications and adverse drug reactions. The results suggest that this treatment approach has high clinical value.


Highly exposed surfaces of anatase TiO2 crystals are of interest due to their excellent photogenerated electron–hole pair separation effect and high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a Z-mechanism biosensor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and anatase TiO2 nanocrystals combined with PDA (TiO2/rGO/PDA) was successfully synthesized. rGO was combined with the co-exposed (001) and (101) facets of TiO2 nanocrystals to construct a Z-mechanism in which rGO acts as an electron transport medium and provides a channel for the transfer of electrons, resulting in TiO2 nanocrystals with high photoelectron–hole pair separation efficiency and strong redox ability. The coated PDA polymer not only could absorb visible light but also has good stability and biocompatibility, which helps to increase the adsorption of target enzyme molecules. The TiO2/rGO/PDA/GOx biosensor with the Z-mechanism displays the sensitivity of 13.82 μA mM−1 cm−2 in 0.1M PBS solution (pH = 7.4) with a linear range of 0–3 mM and the LOD of 0.034 µM. In general, the application of the Z-mechanism in biosensors would provide a new orientation for the design of biosensors.


The level of alpha radiation from 239.240 Pu was measured in placentas from the Nenetz district south of the nuclear weapons test site at the Novaya Zemlaye archipelago in Russia. A sample of ten placentas was collected consecutively in 1993 from a maternity ward in Narjan Mar and analysed using standard chemical alpha spectrometry. The highest concentration was close to one mBq per kilo fresh-placenta or an order of ten higher than previously reported from England. The study indicates that placentas could be used for biological monitoring of external pollution by plutonium.


The most common site of SPT is the right ovarian venous system.The SPT is often diagnosed in the course of differentiation of some abnormal postpartal complications accidently because of its absence of typical clinical presentations.The ultrasonography,CT and MRI are the most valuable tools for definite diagnosis.Antibiotics and heparin are two necessary things for these patients,but there is a dispute on the use of heparin.


We prove the titular statement. This settles a problem of Chvátal from 1973 and encompasses earlier results of Thomassen, who showed it for K3, and Collier and Schmeichel, who proved it for bipartite graphs. We also show that for every outerplanar graph there exists a planar hypohamiltonian graph containing it as an induced subgraph.


The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of Ukraine's participation in international business and determining the prospects of strengthening the country's position under conditions of the new stage of global development. It is established that Ukraine's international trade activity's dynamics and trends coincide with world trade trends. However, its share in global exports remains negligible (less than 0.25%). On the world market, the country is traditionally positioned as resource-oriented, steadily increasing the volume of resources exports, including agricultural products. Instead, the dynamics of the Ukrainian economy transnationalization is low and does not coincide with the high rate of this process development at the world and developed countries level. Transnational companies also perceive Ukraine as a country with a strong resource base and a large internal market. The scientific novelty of the study is the identification of the level of Ukraine's integration into the system of international economic relations and argumentation of the reasons and results of disproportional participation of the country in international business at all stages of its development.


A 3-dimensional numerical finite-difference method, incorporating the nonlinearity of the magnetic material, is used to calculate the field in and around the magnetic steel rotor screen of two synchronous generators with superconducting rotor windings. One machine is a small experimental model being used to investigate some of the problems of superconducting generators and the other is based on an outline design of a large 1300 MW machine. The field has been calculated on both open-circuit and full load for the latter. The flux density inside the rotor screens is, for the most part, displayed in the form of relative permeability profiles on various planes and cylindrical surfaces because this information can be used to assist in the later solution of the eddy-current screening and damping performance. The finite-difference method used is block successive overrelaxation, each block being formed by the potentials on a given r, λ plane perpendicular to the axis of the machine.


Mitral regurgitation has long been recognized as an important prognostic marker following myocardial infarction, specifically with regard to the mortality and development of congestive heart failure [1,2]. In a somewhat more contemporary study specifically looking at revascularization strategies, subgroup analysis of the CADILLAC Trial revealed that, among 1976 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, the subgroup with mitral regurgitation had statistically significantly higher 30-day mortality rates and these rates, in turn, correlated with the severity of mitral regurgitation [3].


The electrochemical oxidation and evolution of molecular hydrogen are the key reactions at play in the anodes and cathodes of fuel cells and electrolyzers, respectively, which are likely energy conversion and storage devices for renewable energy concepts based on the use of H2 as energy carrier. Beyond this practical interest, the hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR and HER, respectively) have also played a pivotal role in the historical development of fundamental electrocatalysis theories. Indeed, the exponential relation between current and overpotential that describes the kinetics of many electrochemical reactions, viz., the Butler-Volmer equation, was originally validated for the HER, 1 which also became the first electrochemical process for which the rate-determining role of the bond strength of adsorbed intermediates (following Sabatier's principle) was verified. 2 Thus, the HOR/HER has become one of the most extensively studied electrochemical reactions, particularly at low pH values and on the catalytically most active platinum-based materials relevant to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and electrolyzers. In acid electrolytes, the HOR/HER kinetics on platinum electrodes are extremely fast, so that experimental methods which afford very high mass-transport rates are required in order to unambiguously differentiate kinetic- and diffusion-overpotentials (e.g., hydrogen pump experiments in PEMFC 3 or the recently developed floating porous gas diffusion electrode method 4 ). Using the hydrogen-pump approach, the very high exchange current densities (i0 )o f≈200 mA · cmPt2 obtained at 313 K 5 (or ≈600 mA · cmPt2 at 353 K) 3 are consistent with the fact that ultra-low Pt loadings of ≤0.05 mgPt · cm −2 can be used at the anode of PEMFCs, 3,6 while much higher Pt loadings are required for the cathode electrode due to the much more sluggish oxygen reduction


During 1993, the European Year of Older People and Solidarity between Generations, a national study to examine the accident situation amongst people aged 70 years and over was commissioned by The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) and funded by the Department of Health (DoH). This study consists of two parts: a national postal survey and an interview survey. This paper will concentrate on the second part of the study to examine the accident experience of older people living in the community. The database that was used for the postal survey consisted mainly of people from social classes I, II and III. The authors felt that it would be worthwhile to conduct a further study consisting of structured interviews with 104 older people, residing in the West Midlands and belonging to social classes III, IV and V. This paper describes the retrospective accident experience of these people during a 12 month period. The aim of the study was to determine whether people aged 70 and over were receiving...


An analytic expression is given for the magnetometric demagnetizing factors of the general rectangular prism, with special emphasis on the particular case of a square cross section. It is argued that this demagnetizing factor should be used in numerical computations that assume such prisms, when comparing the results with the theoretical study of ellipsoids.


Daniel 9.26 is a text of considerable interest, although it was not used by the earliest Christians as a prophecy of Jesus Christ. A novel exegesis of the verse centred on the phrase ? ? was suggested in the 1288 work Breviari d'amor by the troubadour Matfre Ermengaud, from the Béziers area, and is the subject of the present note.


As the effects of climatic change become more evident and extreme, there is growing pressure on seaport infrastructure stakeholders to ensure that their assets are resilient to the effects of a more aggressive and corrosive climate. In almost all previous literature on condition modeling of concrete structures, a static or at least annually cyclic environment is assumed. However, given the anticipated changing futures in climatic parameters, this research will re-affirm the need for more accurate modeling to ensure that the effects of the changing environment on concrete are quantifiable and suitable for use in industry given today's context of climate change. In response to a gap in understanding of the influences of the environment, first part of this paper describes simulated exposures which were established with variations of salinity, temperature, humidity, and concrete mix design; with the ability of isolating each variable individually. Using these results and a broad review of literature, a more holistic service life modeling approach is presented in the second part which derives quantitative projections of how climate change is already invariably changing the rates of chloride ingress into concrete structures. Preliminary outcomes from the model indicate that the seaport structures will require earlier maintenance intervention compared to the maintenance regimes derived current models.


Disclosed are a packet handling method, forwarding device and system. The packet handling method comprises: receiving a TCP ACK packet currently transmitted by a client; when an Acknowledge Number field value in a TCP header of the TCP ACK packet currently transmitted is identical to the Acknowledge Number field value of the TCP header of a TCP ACK packet previously transmitted for a same TCP connection, searching in a memory device for the TCP packet for which retransmission is requested by the TCP ACK packet; when the TCP packet for which retransmission is requested is found, discarding the TCP ACK packet, and transmitting the TCP packet to the client. In comparison to the prior art, where the TCP packet at anytime is directly transmitted by a server to the client via the forwarding device, this conserves the bandwidth from the server to the forwarding device, thereby reducing network congestion, and increasing network resource utilization rate.


The concept of Desa Siaga is to build one system in a village that is responsible for the health of the community itself. Desa Siaga encourages people to have the ability and initiative to respond immediately. The aim of the study will review the problem of how effective the Desa Siaga Rabies  program is for independent healthy community empowerment in Martajaya Village, Pasangkayu District. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Desa Siaga Rabies program has run quite well, but it cannot be said to be effective for the empowerment of independent healthy communities..


A number of theoretical perspectives have been advanced in the literature to explain how governance structures in buyer/seller relationships are determined (Gwynne, 2008; Williamson, 1979). One of the primary perspectives is the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) theory of Williamson (1981, 1991). This theory assumes that exchange partners act with bounded rationality and tend to behave opportunistically. These tendencies are tied to three characteristics of the exchange; asset specificity, market uncertainty and frequency of the exchange (see Williamson, 1979, 1985, 2008 for tenets of TCE). Indeed, due to bounded rationality most contracts are said to be 'incomplete' (Williamson, 1971). Applying the principles of TCE to the wine industry, vertical integration between grape growers and wineries would be expected to be a prevalent practice within the wine industry. However, findings from previous research indicate that contracts are still widely used to coordinate exchange relationships (Bogetoft & Olesen, 2002; D'Silva, Uli, & Samah, 2009). This raises the Monnane, Wilson, MacDonald and Alsulaiman 1 7 Annual Conference AAWE, Stellenbosch, 26-29 Jun 2013 question of why contracts are still prevalent within wine supply chains while these chains are likely to be characterised by high asset specificity and high uncertainty. We argue that the effectiveness of the state's legal system could be the primary explanation for the ubiquitous use of contracts within the wine industry (Kahkonen & Meagher, 1997). Accordingly, our study seeks to investigate the relationship between the effectiveness of the state's legal system and governance structures while controlling for other factors such as trust (relational exchange theory), monitoring, incentives (Agency theory), item criticality, firm size and firm age. To that end, we focus our investigation on the wine industry of two countries; New Zealand and South Africa due to the disparity between the effectiveness of their respective legal systems as identified in the World Bank report (World Bank, 2010). We investigate the following hypotheses: H1 The effectiveness of legal system has a positive effect on the use of contracts when controlling for incentives, monitoring, trust, firm size, firm age, and item criticality. H2 The effectiveness of legal system has a positive effect on the use of spot markets when controlling for incentives, monitoring, trust, firm size, firm age, and item criticality. H3 The effectiveness of legal system has a negative effect on vertical integration when controlling for incentives, monitoring, firm size, firm age, and item criticality. Method With the support of SAWIS and NZWINE, a mail survey was sent to the population of wineries in South Africa (585) and New Zealand (683 in total, but only 580 contacts provided). A second wave three weeks later yielded at total sample of 111 (18.9% response rate) South African and 116 (20% response rate) New Zealand questionnaires. The usual regression assumptions and non-response bias were tested and satisfied (Hair, Black, Babin & Anderson, 2010). The data were analysed using multiple regression employing ten variables (three outcome variables and seven predictor/control variables). All measures were adopted from previous studies and modified where necessary. Cronbach's alpha were derived for all the constructs and supplemented by item-to-total correlation scores. All scores ranged between 0.754 and 09.66 and were above the acceptable level of 0.70. Results and Hypotheses Testing The following results were obtained. Monnane, Wilson, MacDonald and Alsulaiman 2 7 Annual Conference AAWE, Stellenbosch, 26-29 Jun 2013 Table1: Descriptive Data for Independent Variables Mean NZ# Mean SA# t Sig. Mean difference Std. error t-test for equality of means (95% Confidence Interval of the Difference) Trust 3.977 3.923 0.879 0.374 0.054 0.061 -0.066 0.174 Monitoring 4.010 3.901 0.809 0.417 0.109 0.134 -0.155 0.372 Incentives 3.496 2.992 8.685 0.000* 0.503 0.058 0.389 0.617 Item Criticality 4.241 4.254 -0.155 0.877 -0.012 0.079 -0.168 0.143 Legal System 3.168 3.004 2.403 0.017** 0.164 0.078 0.0103 3.181 Size 2.397 3.135 4.588 0.008** -0.739 0.016 0.421 1.056 *p < 0.001; **p < 0.05; # NZ New Zealand and SA South Africa Table 2: Descriptive Data for the Dependent Variables and Sources of Grapes Coordination strategy South Africa New Zealand Mean Std Dev. Contribution to total grapes Mean Std. Dev. Contribution to total grapes Spot Market 1.189 0.393 15.806 1.181 0.387 14.435 Vertical Integration 3.550 1.777 47.182 4.362 1.058 53.319 Contract 2.784 1.147 37.011 2.638 1.050 32.245 Total 100.00 Total 100.00 We constructed six multiple regression models (country pairing) to test our hypotheses of the efficacy of the legal system over the three major governance strategies used by wineries to source their grapes. We compare the strategy/country results in Table 3. Table 3: Summary of Model fit Statistics – Grape Sourcing Strategies South Africa n = 111 New Zealand n =116 Spot Market Contracts Vertical Integration Spot Market Contracts Vertical Integration Model 1 3 5 2 4 6 β -0.021 -3.795 5.670 -0.504 -3.212 7.314 t value -0.030 -2.048 3.080 -1.002 -2.360 5.173 R 0.202 0.343 0.316 0.358 0.361 0.287 F value 3.733* 7.087* 8.017* 8.590* 8.714* 7.318* *p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; (All regression results tables will be supplied in the full paper) Monnane, Wilson, MacDonald and Alsulaiman 3 7 Annual Conference AAWE, Stellenbosch, 26-29 Jun 2013 Discussion All models demonstrated sufficient reliability, although the R value for the South African spot market was low indicating that some latent variable was influencing the models' predictability. We found support for contracting (H1) in the South African and New Zealand data but with different predictor variables in each country. Similarly, we found support for H2 in that the legal system encourages spot market transacting in both countries. The results for H3 show that the legal system has a negative and significant (p < 0.05) correlation with vertical control in both South Africa and New Zealand and is therefore supported. Hence, we find support for the argument that contracting is encouraged and complemented by trust, incentives, monitoring and the legal system. This provides insights into why contracts are still wildly used despite their obvious vulnerability to opportunism in weak legal systems. These results highlight the key role of the legal system in governance decisions, an area often overlooked in literature.


3,3'-dichlorobenzidine hydrochloride was synthesized by using an ion exchange membrane.Some factors affecting current efficiency and yield are discussed.It was found that the optimum reaction temperature is 80?℃;When the electrolyte concentration was 30% at the anode and 10% at the cathode,the current efficiency reached 93% and yield was 90%.Furthermore,comparable results could be attained when using the recycled electrolyte.


Aiming at the shortcomings of Analytic Hi erarchy Process (AHP) when ascertaining the weighti ng, use the Triangular Fuzzy Number (TEN) to ascertaining the weighting. Established the new AHP model and validat e the model by example. Compared the model with the standard AHP model, The results show that the improved AHP can de al with the uncertainty or fuzzy judgment, but there is more co mputation when there is a large number of sub eleme nt. The optimization is needed.


We present time-resolved spectroscopy of the polar RBS0324(=1RXS J023052.9-684203) spanning more than one orbital cycle. The emission lines present complex and variable profiles. Radial velocities were determined for the HeII4686 and Hbeta emission lines. The curves are similar for both lines, with a semi-amplitude of about 250 km/s. The modulation of 1.5 mag of the continuum flux is compatible with those previously presented in the literature. All these characteristics are typical of polars.


Q: The authors argue that so far applied damage functions result in impacts with large uncertainty in the magnitude of ozone effects predicted. They use the O-CN biosphere model to test four already existing damage functions in terms of their simulated whole-tree biomass responses against field data from 23 ozone filtration/fumigation experiments and found that biomass damage was overestimated (Lombardozzi et al.


This paper is a preliminary study for promotion of medium*siEed cities. 33 Brazilian cities (over than 300,000 inhabitants) are considered to analyze population and industrial composition. First, the evolution of urbania secondly, based on the classified cities, the trends of population evolution is pxamined; and thirdly, the changes on the industrial composition is 1nalyzed. As the results, it becomes clear that the population distribu* tinn on the national territory is unbalanced, and the majrr changes on the industrial composition are in the non*metropolitan cities.


Phragmites australis is a common species in the Songnen Plain of China.Two research habitats were chosen in this arid area.One was a single dominant species community in which,there was some seasonal stagnant water,the other was a Leymus chinensis + P.australis community,growing in alkaline soil with little or no stagnant water.Large random samples taken at the end of the milk stages were quantitatively analyzed for characteristics of reproductive ramets of P.australis from these two different arid habitats.There were significant differences in ramet height,module biomass,total ramet biomass,ratio of reproductive growth and allocation of module biomass in the two habitats,but not flower length or flower biomass.In the both habitats,the variation coefficient of flower biomass was the largest in absolute quantitative characters(57.73%) in the P.australis community and in the mixed community(49.87%) while the variation coefficient of reproductive allocation was the largest in terms of relative quantitative characters(36.17% and 39.44% respectively).There was a positive correlation between flower length and ramet height,but negative correlation between ratio of reproductive growth and rarmet height.Module biomass allocation,reproductive allocation and productive allocation,productive allocation and stem biomass allocation all showed significant allometry,which could be described by a power function(Y=βXα) regardless of habitat.P.australis populations had the best ability to regulate reproductive allocation in different habitats,reflecting the strategies of the plants growth and reproduction.


Leucodystrophies are a group of white matter diseases caused by an abnormality in the formation or maintenance of one or more components of the myelin sheath. The devastating course of the disease coupled with the lack of any defi nitive treatment render them potentially fatal and incurable. Van der Knaap Syndrome, also known as megaloencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cyst, is a relatively new and rare entity. Although reported sporadically from Europe, Asia and the Agarwal community in India, there is practically no case report from the eastern part of India. We present a case of van der Knaap syndrome in an adult female with some atypical features.


Once upon a time the travel guide was for missionaries, colonial government workers, or the travelling colonial voyeur. Now living happily ever after, it is for those who still seek (and endorse the notion of) the "exotic," the "intrepid traveller" who desires a bit of safe  (sex?) Paradise ... whose paradise? Cleo, the popular women's monthly magazine, regularly features a "Travel Go Guide." One such guide, "Papua New Guinea: Primitive Paradise," attempts to entice the would-be tourist to journey into the exotic (August, 1988). For this intrepid traveller, however, the article is an invitation to explore some of the relationships between europhallocentric discourses, desire, violence and the sexual subject.


This system of students' evaluation of teaching has been common in today's colleges and universities. A large number of teaching evaluation data contains specific knowledge and rules. Based on the analysis of the importance of teaching evaluation and the phenomenon of distortion of teaching evaluation data, a new analysis model for research on teaching evaluation data by using an improved K-Modes clustering method is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the clustering analysis model can excavate the characteristics of the students and the attribute property of courses will have a certain impact on the evaluation of the evaluation of teaching. Therefore, based on these findings the teaching management department will consider reaffirming the results of teaching evaluation, and even further improve the system of teaching evaluation.


During work in Alaska, in the northern Rocky Mountains, and in the mountains of northeastern America which led to conclusions and publications on timberlines (Griggs 1934a, 1938, 1946) the ecology of the tundra beyond the tree limit was always in the background of my study and thinking. Throughout this work I devoted more time and effort to studying the arctic-alpine vegetation beyond the trees than to timberline itself. But I was unable to resolve to my own satisfaction the problem of the tundra. (Griggs 1934b, 1936.) I am not the only one who has been baffled in his effort to understand arctic-alpine vegetation. Weaver and Clements (1938) say, "The tundra climax consists chiefly of four communities, the successional relations of which are little understood as yet." That is to say: The many seasons that Clements spent at his Alpine Laboratory in Colorado did not bring to him a satisfactory understanding of the tundra. In his great work on the Botany of the Canadian Eastern Arctic (Polunin 1948: 3) remarks, concerning the analogous situation in the Arctic Archipelago: "The more I learned about the vegetation as a whole, the less I felt inclined to generalize about it for if one impression stands out from among all my studies of the vegetation of the Canadian Eastern Arctic, it is that of extreme (and often to me inexplicable) variability from place to place. Certainly there will long remain a great deal more to discover: nor is our knowledge as yet nearly sufficient to allow of detailed comparison with other arctic or subarctic lands." Whitehead (1951: 349) begins his discussion with the observation, "Relatively little ecological work appears to have been done on mountain summit regions, other than descriptions of vegetation." It is clear enough that the methods of conventional ecology as it has developed in the temperate zone have not led to a satisfactory solution of the problem of arctic-alpine vegetation. I am therefore trying a new approach which can, I believe, lead us into a sound understanding of arcticalpine ecology. Much of the trouble arises, so it seems to me, from premature attempts to deal with arcticalpine regions from the point of view of syn1 Collaborator, U. S. National Park Service. ecology. Autecology offers a simpler, less complicated approach. Study has convinced me that only when we understand the ecology of individual arctic or alpine species can we synthesize an understanding of arctic-alpine vegetation. I am therefore studying the tundra, species by species. The approach used resembles somewhat that adopted by Oosting and his associates (Keever, Boosting, and Anderson 1951) in studying succession on exposed granite rocks. My studies were made during the open seasons of 1952, 1953, 1954, and 1955. For the present, however, I am concentrating my attention on fellfields and habitats transitional from fellfields where the plants stand apart from each other. The reason for this decision will be evident to anyone who examines a small area, say a square foot, of closed or partly closed tundra. He observes several to many species growing together. Doubtless an intense struggle for survival is going on among those plants but it is extremely difficult to find means of assessing the relative potencies in the struggle of the species present. But on the bare gravel of the fellfield each individual plant has its own struggle for existence uncomplicated with others. That is, it is uncomplicated unless other plants happen to invade the area. Then the struggle is a relatively simple duel whose progress may be watched with comparative ease over the years even though we have as yet little inkling as to the character of the "weapons" each species brings to the contest. The present study is an attempt to elucidate the stages in this struggle on a particular fellfield. It is hoped that this study may invite comparisons with other fellfields and so set the stage for comparative ecology of arctic-alpine regions. Also it is hoped that study of the fellfield may lead to an understanding of the higher stages in the succession.


This paper examines revenue and expenditure management in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and recommends ways to cut risk and strengthen the resilience of the fiscal system. The paper outlines the PRC's fiscal reforms and the impact of COVID-19. It notes the financing gap facing subnational governments that play a key role in providing public investment in infrastructure. The authors discuss the PRC's need to adjust its focus on economic growth to tackle its fiscal imbalance, improve the sustainability of local government finances, and address inequality and environmental degradation. This paper is the first of two on key aspects of fiscal reform in the PRC.


When selecting an error correcting code, it is desired to fulfill a data error rate criterion, but also the code that is selected does this without being excessively complicated. For specific channel conditions it is quite difficult to optimize the error correcting code parameters' analytically. This work proposes multi-objective optimization by applying the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the selection of Turbo Product Codes (TPC) parameters' that are used for transmission of data over an AWGN channel. The results show that the GA is capable of converging to a set of sensible solutions and giving the pareto-optimum set for error performance against code complexity.


THE MICHIGAN SEA GRANT PROGRAM has two major objectives: (a) the syn thesis of limnological research and academic competence into a regional interdisciplinary center of information and expertise, and (b) the development of a program for viewing the Great Lakes as a natural system in fluenced by the broad spectrum of man's activities. In pursuit of these goals, Grand Traverse Bay in northwestern lower Michi gan was selected as a pilot region for study (Figure 1). Field projects have reviewed existing socioeconomic, biochemical, and physical data on the bay region, and have collected new data where needed to aid in the eventual development of predictive models for water quality. A modeling program has been established to simulate the impact of several environmental param eters on the physical and biological condi tions of Grand Traverse Bay and its water shed. This paper reports on modeling activities for predicting total coliform density in the bay. Before 1966, Traverse City, Mich., ob tained its domestic water supplies from the west arm. of the bay. Between 1956 and 1965, daily wrater quality measurements taken included total coliform and turbidity determinations. These data illustrate dis


Heterostructures (HSs) of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a plethora of opportunities in materials science, condensed-matter physics, and device engineering. The out-of-plane van der Waals interaction of 2D TMDs with surrounding environments enables the synthesis of HSs on virtually any substrate. This unmatched quality gives TMD HSs a superior edge in applications such as flexible optoelectronics in which III-V HSs are still struggling with lattice-mismatch issues. 2D TMDs can be vertically stacked or lateral stitched to form vertical (i.e., out-of-plane) or lateral (i.e., in-plane) heterojunctions, respectively. Motivated by the critical impact of synthesis methods on the progress of this field, in this article, we have reviewed the state-of-the-art synthesis techniques employed for the creation of lateral and vertical junctions between heterogenous TMD films. At the end of this article, we have also briefly reviewed the spectroscopic characterization of TMD heterojunctions.


This note modifies Lagos – Wright (2005) by adding subsidies to sellers. We show that this modification can result in a Pareto efficient allocation at the Friedman rule when buyers do not have all the bargaining power. We find that the optimal rate of subsidy is increasing in buyers' relative risk aversion coefficient.


Nuclear explosive assembly/disassembly operations that are carried out under United States Department of Energy (DOE) purview are characterized by activities that primarily involve manual tasks. These process activities are governed by procedural and administrative controls that traditionally have been developed without a formal link to process hazards. This work, which was based on hazard assessment (HA) activities conducted as part of the W69 Integrated Safety Process (ISP), specifies an approach to identifying formal safety controls for controlling (i.e., preventing or mitigating) hazards associated with nuclear explosive operations. Safety analysis methods are used to identify controls, which then are integrated into a safety management framework to provide assurance to the DOE that hazardous activities are managed properly. As a result of the work on the W69 ISP dismantlement effort, the authors have developed an approach to identify controls and safety measures to improve the safety of nuclear explosive operations. The methodology developed for the W69 dismantlement effort is being adapted to the W76 ISP effort. Considerable work is still ongoing to address issues such as the adequacy or effectiveness of controls. DOE nuclear explosive safety orders and some historical insights are discussed briefly in this paper. The safety measure identification methodologymore » developed as part of the W69 ISP dismantlement process then is summarized.« less


A set of edges $X\subseteq E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is an edge general position set if no three edges from $X$ lie on a common shortest path. The edge general position number ${\rm gp}_{\rm e}(G)$ of $G$ is the cardinality of a largest edge general position set in $G$. Graphs $G$ with ${\rm gp}_{\rm e}(G) = |E(G)| - 1$ and with ${\rm gp}_{\rm e}(G) = 3$ are respectively characterized. Sharp upper and lower bounds on ${\rm gp}_{\rm e}(G)$ are proved for block graphs $G$ and exact values are determined for several specific block graphs.


Social feedback plays a significant role in shaping individual behavior across all types of social communities. When the social network approves or disapproves an individual's behavior, attitudes a...


Capacity necessities for visual information have been expanding as of late, after the rise of numerous profoundly intelligent sight and sound administrations and applications for cell phones in both individual and corporate situations. This has been a key driving variable for the selection of cloud-based information re-appropriating arrangements. Nonetheless, re-appropriating information stockpiling to the Cloud additionally prompts new security challenges that must be painstakingly tended to, particularly with respect to protection. Right now propose a safe system for re-appropriated protection safeguarding capacity and recovery in huge shared picture vaults. Our proposition depends on IES-CBIR, a novel Picture Encryption Plan that displays Content-Based Picture Recovery properties. The system empowers scrambled stockpiling and looking through utilizing Content-Based Picture Recovery questions while safeguarding security against legitimate yet inquisitive cloud managers. We have fabricated a model of the proposed structure, officially broke down and demonstrated its security properties, and tentatively assessed its presentation and recovery exactness. Our outcomes show that IES-CBIR is provably secure, permits more productive tasks than existing proposition, both as far as reality multifaceted nature, and makes ready for new down to earth application situations.


This paper presents the results of syntaxonomic analysis of the natural vegetation in the Middle Danubian Plain in Bulgaria. The nine new associations, subassociations and the variant were published in the PhD thesis of the author on vegetation of this region and also on-line. Therefore, they are not published effectively and are not valid according to ICPN. The aim of this paper is to validate and publish effectively the diagnosis of the new syntaxa.


The induction of cisplatin mutations was studied in female Drosophila carrying yellow, white, singed marker mutations on the same chromosome when crossed with wild-type males Canton-S.


Plasma source ion implantation (PSII) is a non line of sight process for implanting complex shaped targets without the need for complex fixturing. The breakdown initiation of materials coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) produced by PSII occurs at defects in the DLC which expose the underlying material. To summarize these findings, a galvanic couple is established between the coating and exposed material at the base of the defect. Pitting and oxidation of the base and metal leads to the development of mechanical stress in the coating and eventually spallation of the coating. This paper presents our current progress in attempting to mitigate the breakdown of these coatings by implanting the parent material prior to coating with DLC. Ideally one would like to implant the parent material with chromium or molybdenum which are known to improve corrosion resistance, however, the necessary organometallics needed to implant these materials with PSII are not yet available. Here we report on the effects of carbon, nitrogen, and boron implantation on the susceptibility of PSII-DLC coated mild steel to breakdown.


A novel electrochemical immunosensor for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum was fabricated by depositing Mo–Mn3O4/MWCNTs/Chits nanocomposite onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Mo-doped Mn3O4 (MMO) was synthesized by sol–gel method and the presence of molybdenum improved its electrochemical properties. The MMO/MWCNTs/Chits nanocomposite could accelerate the electron transfer rate and enlarge the surface area to capture a large number of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). The factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were investigated, such as incubation time, incubation temperature and pH. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor could detect CEA in a linear range from 0.1ng⋅mL−1 to 125ng⋅mL−1 with a detection limit of 4.9pg⋅mL−1 (S∕N=3). In addition, it exhibited high sensitivity and acceptable stability on a promising immobilization platform for signal amplification, which could be extended to other labeled recognition systems. This electrochemical immunosensor may provide potential applications for the clinical diagnosis.


Abstract All schools exist to educate human beings for today and for the next sixty or eighty years of life. The starting-point is the present, which, as far as knowledge is concerned, can be illumined only by the past. This is avowedly a subject matter approach, but it is not the traditional subject matter approach. One of the first steps in reconstructing education for today and tomorrow is the assembling of materials that are pertinent to the present and future.


In this paper, a study of the leakage current through strained p+ n Si1-xGex/Si hetero-junctions is presented. The reduction in the band gap, induced by stress forces, and the doping level at the hetero-interface, due to the use of halo implantations, are varied by changing the Ge content and the recess depth. A comparison between simulation results and experimental data is presented to analyze the suitability of the models used in this work. An optimization study to decrease the band-to-band tunneling component in the leakage current as a function of these two technological parameters is presented.


This paper is concerned with the optical domain generation and transmission of high fidelity millimeter wave signals. The optical transmitter employs a microchip laser, which is mode-locked by a Gunn oscillator. The paper describes the design, fabrication and experimental evaluation of the transmitter.


This paper examines the identity construction of Afro-Latinas/os/x in the San Francisco Bay and Los Angeles Area. Marginalized communities predominately Black and Latina/ o/x concentrated are at the epicenter of disenfranchisement caused by the globalization of neoliberalism. Neoliberal reforms to education restrain the various nuances of pluralistic teaching, focusing only on the performance of standardized tests thus pressuring schools to center their interest on securing funding. This has greater implications on low-income communities of color where multicultural pedagogy is limited. More importantly, this association of neoliberalism reforms to education affect Afro-Latinx individuals, because they are maligned in the conversation about inclusion. At the core of this research, it was imperative to understand how Afro-Latinx adults understand their identity development. Education and community organized spaces are to be analyzed to evaluate whether a strong identity construction contributes to civic participation. I conducted ethnographic observations of three community events, fifteen semi-structured interviews, and fifteen surveys. The findings from this study may provide clarity for individuals serving to act on these conditions and take action in order to improve them.


Previous experimental studies on electromagnetic hypersensitivity have been criticized regarding inflexibility of choice of exposure and of study locations. We developed and tested novel portable exposure units that can generate different output levels of various extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF; 50 Hz field plus harmonics) and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF). Testing was done with a group of healthy volunteers (n = 25 for 5 ELF‐MF and n = 25 for 5 RF‐EMF signals) to assess if units were indeed able to produce double‐blind exposure conditions. Results substantiated that double‐blind conditions were met; on average participants scored 50.6% of conditions correct on the ELF‐MF, and 50.0% on the RF‐EMF unit, which corresponds to guessing probability. No cues as to exposure conditions were reported. We aim to use these units in a future experiment with subjects who wish to test their personal hypothesis of being able to sense or experience when being exposed to EMF. The new units allow for a high degree of flexibility regarding choice of applied electromagnetic signal, output power level and location (at home or another environment of subjects' choosing). Bioelectromagnetics. 37:62–68, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Networks consisting of contacts between people can be found everywhere. The purpose of a network is always the same; to facilitate the availability of resources to the various parties. This also ap ...


Purpose: to estimate efficacy and portability of leflunomide, prescribed of 100 mg per 24 h during 3 days and 20 mg per 24 h during 6 months in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PA). Materials and methods. An overt uncontrolled study is performed. 15 patients at the age of 37 60 years are examined, arthritis duration averaged 7,4 years. Leflunomide was given in 100 mg per 24 h for the first 3 days, then 20 mg per 24 h during 6 months. Dynamics of amount of painful and swollen joints, pain intensity and disease activity according to visual-analogue scale, scale of Likert according to doctor and patients opinion were assessed. Results. Against a background of leflunomide, a reliable decrease of the amount of painful and swollen joints by 54,3 and 65,7%, respectively was observed. A high efficacy of leflunomide according to PsARC and ACR 50 criteria in 86,7% of cases is observed, that allows to advise it to the patients with polyarticular form of the disease. Leflunomide portability is assessed as satisfactory. In 3 patients the therapy was abolished due to leukopenia and hives development. Conclusion. A high efficacy of leflunomide in patients with polyarticular form of PA is demonstrated.


A new, simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase – High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Atenolol and Amlodipine in pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Alliance Waters 2695 HPLC using HYPRSIL BDS, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5 column maintained at ambient temperature with mobile phase, Buffer: water: Acetonitrile (50:50), flow rate 1.0 ml/min, load volume 10 μl and a run time of 08 min. Buffer was prepared with Triethylamine and adjusted pH to 3.1 with Ortho-Phosphoric Acid. The retention time and mean recoveries obtained for Atenolol was 1.8 min and 100.04%, for Amlodipine was 6.0 min and 99.73.% respectively. Linearity response was established over the concentration range of 50-150 μg/ml for Atenolol and 5-15 μg/ml for Amlodipine. The Assay for Atenolol and Amlodipine was found to be 99.46 and 99.45 respectively. The recovery studies ascertained the accuracy of proposed method and the results were validated as per ICH guidelines. Hence, the developed method can be successfully employed for routine quality control of Atenolol and Amlodipine in drug testing laboratories and pharmaceutical industries.


Threads of History: The Tapestries at Blenheim Palace. By Jeri Bapasola. Lightmoor Press, 2005. ISBN 0899889182. £13.50. Chatsworth A Landscape History. By John Barnatt & Tom Williamson. Windgather, 2005. ISBN 1905119011. £19.99. Leicestershire Heroes. By David Bell. Countryside Books, 2005. ISBN 185306923X. £7.99. Bedfordshire Wills 1531-1539. By Pat Bell. Bedfordshire Family History Society, 2005. ISBN 1870608216. £6.50. The Villages of Warborough and Shillingford. By Joan Bicknell. The author, 2005. ISBN 0954447417.


We have performed ab initio quantum mechanical calculations to describe scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of MoS_2 and MoTe_2. These results indicate that the interpretation of the STM images of these and related materials depends sensitively on experimental conditions. For example, determining whether the maximum tunneling current correlates to the top atom (S or Te) or to the second‐layer atom (Mo) requires information on the tip‐sample separation. Based on these results we discuss some STM experimental procedures which would allow assignment of the chemical identity of STM spots with greater certainty.


The invention discloses a random mesh design method of a metal net conductive thin film, comprising the steps of: I. drawing a regular graph in a rectangular coordinate system of a two-dimensional plane space, and periodically arranging the regular graph being as a unit mesh in the two-dimensional plane to form a periodic mesh composed of the unit mesh; II. defining an effective region, capable of generating random points, in the unit mesh in the step I; III. generating the random points in the effective region in the step II; and IV. connecting the random points according to a certain law in the step to form a random mesh composed of the irregular graphs. The invention further discloses a conductive film and a manufacturing method of the conductive film. The core of the random mesh design method is as follows: the random mesh formed by irregular polygons is generated by the periodic mesh formed by the regular graph, so that generation of moire fringes is avoided and transmittance difference is eliminated.


Excessive government secrecy in the name of counterterrorism has a corrosive effect on democracy and the rule of law. The controversial national security programs of the United States' Bush and Obama administrations include areas of targeted killings, torture, extraordinary rendition, and surveillance. Explanations to justify the administrations' actions through interpretation of the governing law is lacking. The resultant excessive secrecy often keeps the public in the dark and prevents discovery of those actions, congressional oversight, and questioning of legality by the courts.
Similar patterns arise in other democracies around the world. In National Security Secrecy, Sudha Setty takes a critical and comparative look at these problems and demonstrates how government transparency, privacy, and accountability should provide the basis for reform.


The crystal structures of vanadinite tpb5(VO)3Cll and pyromorphite [Pbs@Od3Cl] have been refined to R : 0.022,0.021, respectively, using three-dimensional X-ray data. The atomic arrangement of pyromorphite is con_ firmed as an apatite isostructure. In the structures the pb polyhedra show little response to the tetrahedral substirution, yith average Pb-O bond lengths that agree to within 0.02 A. The XOa tetrahedra yield bond lengths typical of VOa and POa tetrahedra, and X-O bond angles with the crystallographic axes are similar to within 2". The atomic arrangement responds to the tetrahedral substitution of p for V by contraction along a due to variations in X-O(|,2) bondlengths, yielding a predictive relationship between the a axial parameter and tetrahedral occupancy in the two minerals. The distortion of the VO4 tetrahedron in vanadinite reported in an earlier film study was not confirmed, suggesting that immiscibility between vanadinite and other Pb-bearing apatites results from differential size of tetrahedral cation and not differential distortion in the tetrahedra.


David Lewis (1969) introduced sender-receiver games as a way of investigating how meaningful language might evolve from initially random signals. In this report I investigate the conditions under which Lewis signaling games evolve to perfect signaling systems under various learning dynamics. While the 2-state/2-term Lewis signaling game with basic urn learning always approaches a signaling system, I will show that with more than two states suboptimal pooling equilibria can evolve. Inhomogeneous state distributions increase the likelihood of pooling equilibria, but learning strategies with negative reinforcement or certain sorts of mutation can decrease the likelihood of, and even eliminate, pooling equilibria. Both Moran and APR learning strategies (Bereby-Meyer and Erev 1998) are shown to promote successful convergence to signaling systems. A model is presented that illustrates how a language that codes state-act pairs in an order-based grammar might evolve in the context of a Lewis signaling game. The terms, grammar, and the corresponding partitions of the state space co-evolve to generate a language whose structure appears to reflect canonical natural kinds. The evolution of these apparent natural kinds, however, is entirely in service of the rewards that accompany successful distinctions between the sender and receiver. Any metaphysics grounded on the structure of a natural language that evolved in this way would track arbitrary, but pragmatically useful distinctions.


Perturbation expansions are obtained for the periodic solutions of the nonlinear wave equation $u_{tt} - u_{xx} = f( u )$ in the cases where $f( u ) = u^3 ,\alpha ( {u + \beta u^3 } )$, and $ - M^2 \sin u$. Dirichlet boundary conditions at $x = 0$ and $\pi $ are assumed. In each case, the approximate solutions are expressed as combinations of Jacobi elliptic functions, whereas the period is obtained in terms of complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds.


We report the first successful application of corona charging noncontact C-V and I-V metrology to interface and dielectric characterization of high-k/III-V structures. The metrology, which has been commonly used in Si IC manufacturing, uses incremental corona charge dosing, ΔQC, on the dielectric surface, and the measurement of surface voltage response, ΔVS, using a Kelvin-probe. Its application to In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As with a high-k stack required modifications related to the effects of dielectric trap induced voltage transients. The developed Corona Charge-Kelvin Probe Metrology adopted strictly differential measurements using ΔQC and ΔV, and corresponding differential capacitance rather than measurements based on total global charge, Q, and voltage, V, values. Electrical characterization data including interface trap density, electrical oxide thickness, and dielectric leakage are presented for a sample containing an In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As channel overlaid with a bilayer (2nm Al 2 O 3 /5nm HfO 2 ) dielectric stack that is considered to be very promising for application in performance NFETs with high-mobility channels.


Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is associated with increased risk of neurodegeneration, but the temporal evolution of regional perfusion, a marker of cerebral activity, has not been characterized. The objective of the current study was to study longitudinal regional perfusion in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.


Date: Mon, 16 Apr 2001 09:29:07 -0500 From: Jon Mote Reply-To: firstname.lastname@example.com To: Economic Sociology Discussion List Subject: ECONSOC Editorial: How Institutional Economics is Killing Micro-Economics It is my pleasure to present the fifth guest editorial of the 2000-2001 school-year. This editorial is contributed by Professor Frank Dobbin, Professor of Sociology at Princeton University. Professor Dobbin is the author of Forging Industrial Policy: The United States, Britain and France in the Railway Age (1994). Recent articles by Professor Dobbin chart the effects of antitrust policy on business strategy and the effects of equal opportunity law on personnel management. I encourage everyone on the list to respond to Professor Dobbin's editorial. Jonathon E. Mote Department of Sociology University of Pennsylvania (currently residing in Iowa City) firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~jmote/ *********************************************************************************************************************************** How Institutional Economics is Killing Micro-economics Frank Dobbin Princeton University Over the last decade, sociological and economic institutionalists have begun to converge on a view of how institutions shape individual behavior. The two broad kinds of institutionalism -- economic and rational choice institutionalism, on the one hand, and historical and sociological institutionalism, on the other had begun with very different theories of action (Hall and Taylor 1996; Thelen and Steinmo 1992; Campbell 1998; Scott 2001). Economists such as Oliver Williamson (1985) and Douglass North (1981) were building a theory on the foundation of micro-economics -- that dismal science that makes greed the motive behind all human behavior. Historical and sociological institutionalists not only depicted individual behavior as driven by other forces than self-interest; they rejected methodological individualism altogether, challenging the idea that society emerges from the hard-wired behavioral patterns of PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com


This paper introduces the construction practice of adding inclined shaft in Yunnan Road's Mainline Tunnel of Qingdao End Connecting Engineering of Jiaozhouwanwankou Subsea Tunnel,illustrates the reasons of adding inclined shaft and the selection,arrangement,design and construction of the inclined shaft,analyzes the time limit after adding inclined shaft and its social and economic benefits,and sums up the advantages of adding inclined shaft.


This article presents the case for the systematic study of music instruction using economic analysis. A taxonomy of four choice-based instructional types is derived and hypothetical examples from music instruction are presented. The implications of the analysis for future research are discussed.


The utility model discloses a twisting-pressing double-punching tool which solves the problem that a PDC bit and a diamond bit can hardly penetrate in a hard formation in a drilling direction, bit bouncing happens easily in a rotating direction, hard penetration causes slow machine drilling speed, and bit bouncing causes early damage of the PDC bit and the diamond bit. The twisting-pressing double-punching tool comprises an upper connector, a shell body, an upper bearing base, an upper power part, an upper thrust bearing fixing base, a lower power part, a lower thrust bearing fixing base, a gasket, a lower bearing outer ring, a thrust bearing upper ring, an upper power shaft, an upper thrust bearing moving base, a pressure adjusting shaft center, a pressure adjusting shaft sleeve and a lower power sleeve. The upper connector and the shell body are connected in sequence. The upper bearing base, the upper power part, the upper thrust bearing fixing base, the lower power part, the lower thrust bearing fixing base, the gasket, the lower bearing outer ring, the thrust bearing upper ring, the upper power shaft, the upper thrust bearing moving base, the pressure adjusting shaft center, the pressure adjusting shaft sleeve and the lower power sleeve are fixed in the shell body. The lower power shaft is connected with a lower thrust bearing moving seat, a lower bearing inner ring and a thrust bearing lower ring in sequence. A second radial flow channel is arranged in the middle of the lower power shaft. Central flow channels are arranged in the center of the pressure adjusting shaft sleeve and the center of the lower power shaft. A radial flow channel on the lower portion of the pressure adjusting shaft center and a radial flow channel on the upper portion of the pressure adjusting shaft center form a control valve. The twisting-pressing double-punching tool is simple in structure, long in service life and easy to popularize.


The optimal control of nonlinear random system adopted random optimal numerical algorithm based on performance potential.With a suitable performance function and an initial control that made the closed system bounded,a serial of controls that made the performances better could be obtained by policy iteration,and ergodic Markov chains were constructed by the state serial with the corresponding feedback control.An optimal equation was established based on performance potential which could be estimated by using a sample path of the given system.At last,the optimal control was obtained.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of adult lymphoma and is a group of invasive and heterogeneous diseases. Although rituximab in combination with CHOP regimen (R-CHOP) for DLBCL is better, one third of patients have relapsed/refractory conditions. DLBCL is divided into many subtypes due to its high heterogeneity. Different histological types have different response to treatment. High-risk DLBCL has little effect on R-CHOP treatment. How to further improve the first-line cure rate of high-risk DLBCL has become an important challenge in the field of lymphoma treatment. Currently in the era of precision medicine, in recent years, many new targeted drugs, such as immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) receptor inhibitors and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, have been developed for DLBCL-related pathways and molecular targets, provide more new possibilities for the treatment of DLBCL.

Key words:
Lymphoma, large B-cell, diffuse; Targeted therapy; Review


The next revolution of the subsea gas production system is the replacement of traditional hydraulic devices with all-electronic ones. The hydraulics and spring system that is typically used to close the valve in an emergency is gradually abandoned, and as one of the promising candidates, the smart electrical actuator has attained tremendous attention. The utilization of high-efficient permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) provides more flexibilities and faster response in operating the valve and therefore is much preferred in this application. This paper proposes a high dynamic speed control strategy for subsea smart electrical actuators (SMAs), which comprises a direct torque control for the inner loop and a sliding mode control (SMC)-based speed regulator in the outer loop. In a combination of these two techniques, the system dynamics can be remarkably improved. A comparative study between the proposed SMC and the previous methods, including the classical PI controller and the former SMC, is carried out through the simulation, where the advantages of the presented method are confirmed.


Introduction. List of participants. Schizophrenia, the fundamental questions (N. C Andreasen). Familial and genetic mechanisms in schizophrenia (E. Fuller Torrey and R.H. Yolken). Schizophrenia as the price that Homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species (T.J. Crow). Early and late environmental risk factors for Schizophrenia (C. McDonald, R.M. Murray). Evidence for a compromised dorsolateral prefrontal cortical parallel circuit in Schizophrenia (W. E Bunney, B.G. Bunney). Lessons from childhood-onset Schizophrenia (J. Rapoport). Neurobiological findings in early phase Schizophrenia (D. Copolov, D. Velakoulis, P. McGorry, C. Mallard, A. Yung, S. Rees, G. Jackson, A. Rehn, W. Brewer and C. Pantelis). Obstetric complications and congenital malformation in Schizophrenia (T.F. McNeil, E. Cantor-Graae and B. Ismail). Molecular Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia (M. Owen). Critical overview of current approaches to genetic mechanisms in Schizophrenia research (L.E. DeLisi). Endogenous retroviruses and Schizophrenia (R. H. Yolken, H. Karlsson, F. Yee, N.L. Johnston-Wilson, E.F. Torrey). Stereological studies of the schizophrenic brain (J.J. Thune, B. Pakkenberg). Basal forebrain in the context of Schizophrenia (L. Heimer). Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits (F.A. Middleton, P.L. Strick). Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in Schizophrenia (F.M. Benes). GABAergic local circuit neurons and prefrontal cortical dysfunction in Schizophrenia (D.A. Lewis). Possible implications of the dopamine D3 receptor in Schizophrenia and in antipsychotic drug actions (J.-C. Schwartz, J. Diaz, C. Pilon, P. Sokoloff). Glutamate receptor expression in schizophrenic brain (J.H. Meador-Woodruff, D.J. Healy). D1 receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits (P.S. Goldman-Rakic, E.C. Muly, III, G.V. Williams). Serotonin model of Schizophrenia: emerging role of glutamate mechanisms (G.K. Aghajanian, G.J. Marek). The DARPP-32 knockout mouse (A.A. Fienberg, P. Greengard). Dysfunctional brain dopamine systems induced by psychotomimetic NMDA receptor antagonists and the effects of antipsychotic drugs (T.H. Svensson). Gating of information flow within the limbic system and the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia (A. A. Grace). Network interactions in Schizophrenia - therapeutic implications (A. Carlsson, N. Waters, S. Waters, M.L. Carlsson). Eye movements and the search for the essence of Schizophrenia (P.S. Holzman). Explaining the symptons of schizophrenia: Abnormalities in the awareness of action (C.D. Frith, S.-J. Blakemore, D.M. Wolpert). The limbic cortex in Schizophrenia: focus on the anterior cingulate (C.A. Tamminga, M. Vogel, X.-M. Gao, A.C. Lahti, H.H. Holcomb). The role of endogenous sensitization in the pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: implications from recent brain imaging studies (M. Laruelle). Development of novel antipsychotic drugs (J. Tallman). Schizophrenia and the mechanisms of conscious integration (G. Tononi, G.M. Edelman). Schizophrenia: Pathophysiological mechanisms - a synthesis (L. Terenius).


A SU(2) intertwiner with N legs can be interpreted as the quantum state of a convex polyhedron with N faces (when working in 3D). We show that the intertwiner Hilbert space carries a representation of the non-compact group SO*(2N). This group can be viewed as the subgroup of the symplectic group Sp(4N,R) which preserves the SU(2) invariance. We construct the associated Perelomov coherent states and discuss the notion of semi-classical limit, which is more subtle than we could expect. Our work completes the work by Freidel and Livine [J. Math. Phys. 51, 082502 (2010) and J. Math. Phys. 52, 052502 (2011)], which focused on the U(N) subgroup of SO*(2N).


Objective To observe the change of serum total antioxidant status( TAS) of mice treated with paraquat by injection ip. Methods The mice were randomly divided into control groups and PQ groups,and the mice in PQ groups were redivided into 6 subgroups,which were received 50、70、100、150、200 and 300 mg / kg,respectively,of paraquat by i. p.injection. The blood samples were taken at 1 h and 3 h after administration,respectively for measurement of ABTS [2, 2'-Azinobis-( 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonate) ], a signal of radical scavenging activity, 5 mice for each blood sampling point.Results The serum ABTS level at either 1 h or 3 h after PQ administration were all significantly lowered than that in control group( P0. 05),and the decrease was also not dependent on dosage or time. Conclusion The serum free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant status were reduced in mice after PQ administration,which was not correleted to administration time and dosage.


2,2,8,8,12,13,17,18-Octamethylisobacteriochlorin has been synthesised in modest yield by a route which makes use of the chemistry of nitrones to build a linear system which is cyclised using copper(II) acetate.


Metallic tin (Sn) has always been considered as an anode candidate for nonaqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, there were hardly any attempts to use Sn as an anode material in aqueou...


This research focuses on the effort to provide services to the lecturers and education supporting staff as the implementation of quality assurance policy at Higher Education System. The purposes of this research are a) analyzing the effort of capacity development of lecturers and supporting staff, b) analyzing the forms of supporting from Higher Education to the career development of lecturers and supporting staff. This research used a variety of source theory including articles It is indicated that the services given to the lecturers and supporting staff have been carried out effectively in accordance with the standards of quality assurance procedures mandated by Law, Government Regulation as well as the National Education Standard. The services included opportunities for lecturers and education supporting staff to continue their education to a higher level. In addition, Tadulako University also conducts coaching sessions, training activities and workshop for education supporting staff. The services are delivered by promoting the principles of transparency, fairness, and objectivity according to standards and regulations relates to the fulfillment of the needs of the lecturers and education supporting staff. Keywords—Analysis of Policy, lecturers and education


Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a rabbit spinal tumor model for non-vascular interventional therapy through CT-guided Seldinger puncture inoculation of VX2 tumor mass.Methods VX2 tumor mass was inoculated into L4 or L5vertebrae of 30 New Zealand white rabbits through CT-guided Seldinger puncture technique by using 18 Gangiography needles,then the development of hind limb paraparesis(HLP)was observed in the rabbits.MRI and CT examinations were conducted on days 14,21 and 28post-inoculation.On days 21 and 28post-inoculation,4rabbits,whose imaging suggested successful modeling,but with no HLP,were chosen for histopathology examination with or without conducting PVP.MRI and CT examinations were conducted on the rest 22 rabbits on the time of HLP appeared or 3months after inoculation.Results The success rate of modeling was 93.33%(28/30)demonstrated by imaging or pathology.On days 21post-inoculation,successful modeling was achieved in 19rabbits(19/28,67.86%),with 17 of them having no HLP.On days 28post-inoculation,9(9/28,32.14%)achieved successful modeling,and only 1developed HLP.The median time for successful models to develop paralysis was 26 days.PVP treatment was successful for the 4rabbit models receiving PVP.Conclusion Establishment of rabbit spinal tumor model through CT-guided Seldinger puncture technique and inoculation of VX2 tumor is easy to perform with high success rate,which is hopeful to be used in study of non-vascular interventional therapies for spinal tumor.


Storage device, distribution and application of surgical fasteners (A) Under What lying tj comprising a handle body (B) equipped with first and second control means, with a handle (6) and a terminal (13 ), and longiforme element (C) applied and fixed to the terminal apparatus in which the longiforme element (C) comprises a body (20) of tubular overall shape containing: - in the vicinity of its free end a store (22) containing deslizadera- a turn fasteners (a) Under what tj lying with each anchor bar (2), a stop bar (3) and a connecting rod (4), being said slide (22), on the one hand, displaceable in the longiforme by a longitudinal rod (39) actuatable by the first control means (6a, 8a, 8) of the handle element and on the other hand, secured to a needle hollow (50), split and longitudinal, projecting from its free end and may protrude from this longiforme element (C), - and, in its tubular body (20), on the one hand, distribution means one by one the fasteners (a) stored, this distribution comprising the transfer of the anchoring bar (2) of the first fixation to a housing host (55) arranged in prolongation of the hollow needle (50) and on the other hand, a ejection pusher (42) movable by the second control means (25) of the handle and disposed in alignment with the hollow needle (50) to push on it the anchor rod (2) of the first fastener (a), characterized in that the accommodation host (55) of the slide-store (22) contains, at rest, the anchor rod (2) of the first fixation (a) pending application, fixing which stop bar (3), arranged at the end of the store, it is free of any thrust force, while this slide-store.


Specialized acceleration hardware for artificial deep neural network inference is available from the cloud to the edge. FPGAs in particular are heavily advertised for the acceleration of neural network-based applications. Traditionally, those applications are classification or nonlinear regression tasks with the goal to approximate an unknown function. However, they can be trained to replicate a fully known deterministic function - a classical example being the boolean XOR - as well. On the other hand, side-channel attacks remain a concern from the cloud to the edge, where attackers are often able to extract secret information through direct or indirect measurements of observables like power, voltage, electromagnetic emanation or timing. In this work, we show how an FPGA-mapped neural network implementation of the AES S-Box can improve side-channel resistance against Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attacks. Although the implementation of a hardware-optimized algorithm such as the AES as a neural network introduces significant overhead, the generality of the representation allows to mitigate leakage in a manner agnostic to the overlying cryptographic primitive. We demonstrate the benefits of a generic representation, by optimizing an initially vulnerable neural network implementation towards side-channel resilience, through careful choice of activation function and input representation. The implementation is evaluated both against an external attacker measuring power with an oscilloscope, as well as a remote, internal adversary, who is able to capture voltage traces through FPGA-internal sensors in multi-tenant FPGAs. Our results show, how external attacks on the optimized neural network are no longer possible with up to one million traces, whereas an internal attacker is still able to recover the secret key. The latter result also exposes that in some cases measurement through internal sensors can be even more beneficial for an attacker than physical access with measurement equipment.


A unique electrospinning methodology to fabricate Co based ZIF microfibers has been developed which showed superior electrocatalytic water oxidation both in acidic and alkaline electrolytes.


This paper mainly analyzes "La Dao Ba" from the perspective of pragmatics in the northeast Chinese dialect."La Dao Ba" has the basic characteristics of discourse markers.The core meaning of "La Dao Ba" is correcting one's views to stop the behavior.The discourse coherence function and metapragmatic functions are further elaborated.Three Continuous open mouth syllables are the reasons for its popularity.


1  In order to test the hypothesis that the sensitivity of field populations of the rare perennial Arnica montana to slug attack is due to its high palatability, we compared Arnica leaves and seedlings with 20 other plant species in greenhouse food choice experiments.


J oseph Tusiani is an Italian-American poet born in Italy, who writes highly original poetry without ever denying his Italianiia. Born in San Marco, Lamis (Foggia), Dr. Tusiani, after receiving a degree in foreign languages and literatures from the University of Naples, moved to the United States in 1946.Soon he began his career as professor of Italian, scholar, translator, and poet. Writing in English, Italian and Latin, he has authored several collections of poems which have brought him international recognition and honors. Of the long list of his publications our interest here is centered on Gente Mia and Other Poems,' a little volume of about 30 lyrics which, as Paolo Giordano once said, "is a poetical account that capture[s] the essence and pathos of what it means to be Italian in a foreign land that he must call horne.'? Or again what Fred Cardaphe once defined as "a collection of poems written in English, a language he had learned in Italy, through which he is able to give voice to the immigrants who came before him, the ones who did not, because they could not, write in the language of their new land.'? The classical studies of Tusiani gave him a lyrical footing which he used to base some of the main themes dear to Italian poets, such as Leopardi, Foscolo, and Carducci, whom Tusani knew almost by heart. This knowledge, however, did not keep him from reaching for new poetic horizons. Of his lyrics, very few carry the seasonal imagery or idyllic visions communicating a serene inner state; rather they bring to us the hopes and cries of the Italian immigrants in America, such countrymen whose experience he lived in prima persona. Primary in Tusiani's poetry are the feasts and celebrations of his fellow immigrants in the New World. In these commemorative moments, so brilliantly described, much of the pain and suffering of their immigration struggle seems to disappear. The emphasis instead is on the


DEAP-3600 is a single phase liquid argon (LAr) dark matter experiment, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Canada. The detector has 1 tonne fiducial mass of LAr. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of 100 GeV weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) is 10$^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$. The DEAP-3600 background target is $<$ 0.6 background events in the WIMP region of interest in 3 tonne-years. The strategies to achieve this background include pulse shape discrimination to mitigate electron recoil and using ultra low radioactive materials for detector construction. Furthermore, to reduce neutron and alpha backgrounds, the DEAP-3600 acrylic vessel was sanded in situ to mitigate radon exposure of surfaces during construction and fabrication. The experiment is currently in the commissioning phase and will begin physics data taking later this year. This paper presents an overview of the experiment, its cross-section sensitivity to WIMPs and its current status.


Background: Breast cancer treatment is challenging due to the inconsistence in tumour biomarker expression including progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and GATA3 transcription factor. GATA3 has role in epithelial cell differentiation along with nuclear envelope protein lamin A. The breast cancer cell line MCF7 expresses ERα, abnormal GATA3 isoforms, low PR but lacks lamin A. MCF7 cells are resistant to tamoxifen targeting ERα and more anticancer drugs are being studied to kill them. One of the mechanisms surrounding breast cancer initiation is histone deacetylation. Our objective is to investigate the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) on PR, ERα and GATA3 expression along with the induction of apoptosis in MCF7 cells forced expressing lamin A. Subsequently, they are also explored as biomarkers for breast cancer prognostic and indicators for targeted breast cancer therapy. Methods: The HDACI used here is Suberoyl-Bis-Hydroxamic Acid (SBHA). Western blot was used to analyze the expression of PR, ERα, and GATA3 in MCF7 control transfected with histone H2B-GFP (MCF7-H2B-GFP) and in MCF7 transfected with lamin A-RFP (MCF7-LA-RFP). The analyses were carried out before and after treatment with DMSO (mock) or SBHA (1 or 2 µM) for 12h. The in vivo expression of the PR, ERα and GATA3 were also explored in 36 archived cell lysates derived from breast cancer micro-biopsies. Results: MCF7-H2B-GFP treated with SBHA increased PR, ERα while MCF7-LA-RFP treated with SBHA reduced ERα and GATA3 but not PR. Biomarkers analysis in ductal carcinoma micro-biopsies derived samples showed that 30% had lost lamin A while 64% expressed PR, ERα and GATA3. Conclusion: In presence of lamin A, SBHA downregulated cancer initiators GATA3 and ERα while inducing cell death. These biomarkers could be useful molecular tools prior to initiating targeted breast cancer therapy.