Field trials were conducted to understand the influence of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the bacterium responsible for ratoon stunting disease (RSD), on the performance of sugarcane cultivars under irrigated and water stressed conditions. Trials conducted on six cultivars at Townsville showed yield losses of 34%, in terms of tonnes of cane, through the combined effects of water stress and RSD. The combined effects of the stressors were greater than each stressor individually for both the plant and ratoon crops. No significant effects were noted on commercial cane sugar (CCS) in RSD-infected sugarcane whether irrigated or water stressed. However, CCS values were modified by water stress in the healthy plant crop. This crop, when subjected to water stress, produced an average CCS reading of 16.8 which was 15.9% higher than that of the irrigated plots. Mean loss of sugar through the combined influence of water stress and disease was 25%. Sugar yield loss was correlated strongly with estimates of bacterial numbers in the plant crop. The reduction in yield may be related to reduced sap flow. Sap flow was reduced during the day in the disease susceptible, water-stressed cultivar Q120 in contrast to the resistant cultivar H56-752. The latter cultivar showed no obvious differences in flow rates between healthy and diseased plants. The impact of RSD infection was assessed on seven cultivars growing at Tully, Qld. Mean losses, in terms of tonnes of sugar cane per hectare, were 15 per cent for the plant crop and 18 per cent in the ratoon crop. The seven cultivars responded differently, but Q141 appeared to be tolerant and suffered no yield loss despite relatively high bacterial concentrations. Cultivar H56-752 was resistant to RSD, showing low levels of bacteria in both the plant and ratoon crops, and yield losses were insignificant. A strong correlation was found between bacterial numbers recovered from plant crop cultivars and yield losses. CCS values were not influenced by infection, although stalk height was reduced generally. More moderate temperatures in the range 25C-30oC favoured bacterial growth in susceptible cultivars, while bacterial numbers were reduced significantly at 35oC. Bacterial populations in the resistant cultivar H56-752 were not affected by temperature.


This report presents Timed Quorum System (TQS), a new quorum system especially suited for large-scale and dynamic systems. TQS requires that two quorums intersect with high probability if they are used in the same small period of time. It proposes an algorithm that implements TQS and that verifies probabilistic atomicity: a consistency criterion that requires each operation to respect atomicity with high probability. This TQS implementation has quorum of size O(√nD) with expected access time of O(log√nD) message delays, where n measures the size of the system and D is a required parameter to handle dynamism.


In September 1997 we started a new higher-level vocational training in Utrecht, to train teachers and interpreters of Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN). This is a 4-year Bachelor program, where during the first two years student teachers and student interpreters sometimes follow courses together. Student teachers can be deaf, hard-of-hearing or hearing, whereas student interpreters are always hearing. The different hearing status of the students means, that different communicational means are used in those mixed classrooms: SLN, spoken Dutch and written Dutch (through note takers for the hard-of-hearing students). The multilingual situation demands adaptive attentional behavior from the students and the teachers. The multilingual situation will be discussed below. In Table 1 we present the numbers of students who are deaf, hard-of-hearing and hearing in the different grades as per March 2003.


ion and mediation The overriding issue is that of levels of abstraction. The claim that DSGE-type models are "microfounded" obscures the necessary difference between the different levels of abstraction at which an analysis may claim to operate. There is no plausible reason offered – beyond the (basically circular) justifications of axiomatic consumer behaviour – for the representative agent, or even a set of such agents, to correspond to any particular feature in the economic reality. The problem is not that the description at the macro level is not microfounded: it is that the elision from agent to macro is impermissible, given the different the presence of an economy that is, in practice, mediated by money and commodities – an economy that does not, in contradistinction to the neoclassical claims more generally, partition neatly into "real" and "nominal" sides. All economic activity is necessarily mediated by the presence of money and commodities; this mediation is not simply a veil, but changes the form of the activity, both at the level of the activity itself and – more pertinently for the discussion here – at the level at which these features can be


Low back pain is one of the most costly and common musculoskeletal disorders, affecting up to 80% of the adults in their lifetime [1]. Whole body vibration (WBV) has been found to be a major risk factor in the etiology of low back pain with WBV increasing low back disorder risk from 1.2 to 39.5 fold depending on the occupational exposure duration and magnitude [2–3]. Recent research has demonstrated that exposure to sinusoidal whole body vibration of 5 Hz leads to increased propriceptive errors and delayed neuromotor response to external perturbation [4]. These results suggest a potential mechanism for low back injuries, namely that vibration may alter neuromotor control leading to poor stabilization and control of low back motion, increasing the risk of injury. However, the methods used to assess these changes in proprioception are static measures, require a good deal of equipment and setup time, and have a high variance, particularly with removal of electrodes and sensors, that make them impractical for the industrial setting. In addition, previous studies have only examined the effect of pure sinusoidal vibration exposure rather than the mixture of frequencies seen in occupational settings. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a dynamic measure of lumbar sensory accuracy and neuromotor control that could be used easily in the workplace and to examine the effects of WBV vibration on the measure using an occupationally-relevant vibration exposure.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


This paper describes the testing and experimental characterization of a linear permanent magnet actuator, which is designed and developed for active vehicle suspension, under both static and dynamic conditions. Since the active suspension unit operates over a wide force-velocity range with varying duty ratios, it is essential to establish an effective thermal model which can be used for assessing temperature rise of the actuator under various operating conditions. The temperature rise of the actuator is measured and the results are compared with the prediction by the derived transient thermal model. It is shown that the measured actuator parameters and characteristics are closed to their predicted values. The linear actuator is controlled by a dSPACE system via a three phase inverter and its velocity tracking performance is presented.


The corrugated panels are the prime candidate structure for the floor, roof and wall of Korean high speed train. The equivalent continuum modeling approach panels can be used for the efficient design and evaluation of their structural characteristics. The equivalent continuum models, derived from the true complex corrugated panels, should have the same structural behavior as the original structures have. This paper briefly reviews three representative continum modeling methods: the static analysis method and two plate-models based on modal analysis methods (MAM). These methods are evaluated through some numerical examples by comparing the natural frequencies and static deflections. It is observed that the plate-model based on Rayleigh-Ritz method seems to provide the best results when used in conjunction with the cantilever-type boundary conditions. The equivalent elastic constants of various corrugated panels, depending on the changes in their configurations, are tabulated for efficient use in structural design.


A field experiment was conducted to develop a no-herbicide cropping system of high protein forage. The first crop of winter ㏊bit Italian ryegrass sown in early-April produced DM yield of 4.5t/㏊ (crude protein content: 13.5%) in mid-June and the succeeding crop of soybean no-till planted into ryegrass produced DM yield of 5.1t/㏊ (crude protein content: 19.7%) in Late-October. In this cropping system, the ryegrass remained in vegetative phase during all cropping season and formed dense sod. This sod functioned as living mulch and suppressed weeds without herbicide application both during ryegrass and soybean cropping. Though the soybean germinated under the canopy of regrowing ryegrass sod, its growth was scarcely depressed by the canopy s㏊de because the seedling of soybean appeared above the canopy of sod in a few days. Contrariwise, the ryegrass was gradually shaded by the soybean and ㏊d died before October harvest. The degree of weed suppression by the ryegrass living mulch varied with seeding rate of ryegrass or weed pressure in the field. The optimum seeding rate to suppress weed was 50㎏/㏊ in the field with low or medium weed pressure and was 80 ㎏/㏊ in the field with high weed pressure.


We have analyzed the influence of the actual height of Bolund island above water level on different full-scale statistics of the velocity field over the peninsula. Our analysis is focused on the database of 10-minute statistics provided by Risø-DTU for the Bolund Blind Experiment. We have considered 10-minut.e periods with near-neutral atmospheric conditions, mean wind speed values in the interval [5,20] m/s, and westerly wind directions. As expected, statistics such as speed-up, normalized increase of turbulent kinetic energy and probability of recirculating flow show a large dependence on the emerged height of the island for the locations close to the escarpment. For the published ensemble mean values of speed-up and normalized increase of turbulent kinetic energy in these locations, we propose that some ammount of uncertainty could be explained as a deterministic dependence of the flow field statistics upon the actual height of the Bolund island above the sea level.


Service personnel can be exposed to a range of pressures and threats during deployment. However, although some military personnel suffer detrimental physical and mental health outcomes following such exposures, a substantial majority shows remarkable resilience by remaining psychologically robust, both during and after deployment. If protective and adaptive factors can be clearly identified and understood, it is possible that effective coping can be enhanced for even those most vulnerable to the strain of deployment. In the present study, factors that potentially buffer the effects of deployment stressors were examined in an ARA unit (N = 428) deployed to East Timor during OP WARDEN. The factors studied were cohesion, leadership, morale, and meaning. Structural equation modelling indicated that leadership was a key variable in both buffering the immediate impact of stressors and also fostering the cohesion and morale. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of what leaders can do to promote resilience through their behaviours.


Objective To study the changes of somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP)in the non-affected hemisphere in patients with cerebral infarction.Method Somatosensory evoked potentials we re recorded from 25patients with uni lateral cerebral infarction diagnosed by MRI as compared with age-matched healthy controls.Result The results indicated that the patie nts with cerebral infarction showed a signif-icant increased latency of P15(P0.05),and a high significant increased la tency of N60(P0.001)in non-affected hemisphere as compared with age-matched controls.8out of 25patients(32%)showed SEP abnormalities in non-aff ected side.Conclusion It is suggested that SEP show an important value and b e more sensitive than MRI in the aspect of detecting minor or subclinical l eisions for cerebral infarc-tion.It is an objective and sensitiv e method for evaluation of brain functions.


According as the problem of financial stability affects the development of economics, the old goals system can't change financial instability automatically. It is necessary to add financial stability to goals system of monetary policy because the central bank has the responsibilities of achieving the goal of financial stability by monetary policy. It will contribute to long-term stable operation of the economy, and it also will bring a conflict situation of different goals in short-term and moral hazard.


[Parubiy U. Yu. Ukrainian Order-Spell Poetry: Structural-Semantic Features and Poetics of the Genre. A Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Philological Studies. Lviv : Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2019. 198 p.]


The recognized Argentine economist Juan J. Llach dedicates this article to the current issue of federalism. The article describes some present aspects of the regional economies, and the problem of fiscal responsibility. Though today a very important rebirth of the regional economies is taking place, the different governments continue delaying the establishment of a fiscal system of federal co-participation that yields the tributary responsibilities to the provincial governments. Llach offers his view on the reasons for this delay, and on the factors that sustain them. On the other hand, he also indicates that it would be a great mistake to fail in taking advantage of the moment that the country is going through.


Accurate Identification of genetic resources is necessary for detecting new species and
varieties for products of commercial value. Fish, as a group, apart from their economic value
from a biodiversity viewpoint, have the highest species diversity among all vertebrate taxa.
They exhibit enormous diversity in size, shape, biology and in the habitats they occupy.
In terms of habitat diversity, fishes live in almost all conceivable aquatic habitats, ranging
from Antarctic waters to desert springs. Of the 62,305 species of vertebrates recognized
world over, 34,090 (nearly 52%) are valid fish species; a great majority of them (97 %) are
bony fishes and the remaining (3 %) are cartilaginous (sharks and rays) and jawless fishes
(lampreys and hagfishes). Further, on an average, 300 new fish species are described each
year, and global surveys indicate that there could well be at least 5,000 species more to be
discovered.


This paper discusses some aspects of the traditional compositional process in music. The process is likened to a planning or navigational task and is described through a concept borrowed from the Artificial Intelligence field: the idea of a state space within which a rule-based system operates. The concept of musical state space is postulated and the compositional process described in terms of moves through this space using different planning horizons. The importance of the short-term planning horizon in the creation of an individual style is highlighted, resulting in the definition of a "creativity corridor." An individual short-term planning style is thought to be an essential prerequisite to handling the vast musical state space in a meaningful way. Longer term planning horizons are thought to be more concerned with quality of output.


In this article SnO2 thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by Spray Pyrolysis Method. Tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) and Copper nitrate (Cu (NO3)2 .3H2O) were used as source of Sn and Cu respectively. The structural, optical and gas sensing properties of Undoped and copper doped by (vol. %) SnO2 film have been investigated. XRD of film shows structure of films. Also result so obtained from XRD spectroscopy shows that these layers have the tetragonal polycrystalline tinoxide structure. The optical transmission was found to decrease with addition of copper as dopant on SnO2 with the addition of Cu except for 5% Cu-Doped. The reponse of these layers have been investigated for different concentrations of butane gas by static gas sensing system. The results of this investigation show that the Cu-Doped SnO2 nanostructure layer compared with the pure SnO2 nanostructure layer has showed the better response for butane gas. Among Cu-Doped SnO2 thin film layer 4% (by vol.) copper doped thin film layer has showed higher response toward the Butane gas with less response and recovery time than other films.


In this thesis, we aim at contributing to the theory of conceptual modeling and ontology representation. Our main objective here is to provide ontological foundations for the most fundamental concepts in conceptual modeling. These foundations comprise a number of ontological theories, which are built on established work on philosophical ontology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of language and linguistics. Together these theories amount to a system of categories and formal relations known as a foundational ontology


The invention provides a human body vigorous motion state judgment method. The human body vigorous motion state judgment method comprises the steps that an acceleration value of a detected object which is collected by an acceleration sensor is acquired, and a motion state of the detected object is judged according to the acceleration value; after the detected object is judged to be in a suspected vigorous motion state from a non-vigorous motion state, a first pulse average value and a first blood pressure average value of the detected object in the suspected vigorous motion state are compared with a second pulse average value and a second blood pressure average value of the non-vigorous motion state respectively; if the growing rate of the first pulse average value exceeds a preset pulse growing rate threshold value and/or the growing rate of the first blood pressure average value exceeds a preset blood pressure growing rate threshold value, the suspected vigorous motion state is judged to be a real vigorous motion state. The invention further provides a human body vigorous motion state judgment device. By means of the human body vigorous motion state judgment method and device, the accuracy rate of the judgment to the human body vigorous motion rate is greatly improved.


Welcome to Hancock Day School

 Celebrating 60 Years of Educating Children

 Hancock Day School in Savannah successfully provides elementary and middle school students with a solid educational foundation and has done so for 60 years. The success of the school can


Introduction: Data returned from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) indicate that the central sediment mounds in Gale Crater contain smectite clays and sulfates [1]. The clay-bearing units in this and in similar crater deposits commonly occur stratigraphically beneath sulfates and this stratigraphic relationship is cited for deposits elsewhere on Mars as evidence of separate and temporally distinct geochemical environments on Mars [2, 3]. Acid saline lakes in Western Australia have been recognized as important chemical terrestrial analogs for aqueous mineral formation and geochemical variability on Mars [4]. In these systems, large pH and salinity differences are observed both laterally and vertically of scales of a few tens of meters [5, 6].The vertical variability results in smectite formation at depth and sulfate formation at the surface, while the lateral variability tends to favor kaolinite formation at shoreline and sulfate formation in lake interiors [7].The variability in these lakes has been offered as an alternate formation mechanism for some of the phyllosilicates and sulfates on Mars, suggesting that these different mineral types may be separated by chemical gradients rather than temporal boundaries [8]. To evaluate the co-occurrences of phyllosilicates and sulfates on Earth to better understand similar environments on Mars, we have obtained airborne hyperspectral data from playa lakes in southern Western Australia. Mineral maps derived from these data indicate that layered phyllosilicates and sulfates are concentrated in the central playa as aeolian features. The sequences of clay and salt minerals may be analogous to the thick sequences of layered, craterhosted martian sedimentary materials and may be applicable to larger sedimentary deposits on Mars as well. Background: Lake Gilmore consists of salina, gypsum mud flats, and dunes that may be described as a "boinka": playa lake landforms that are primarily influenced by groundwater discharge [9]. The interior of the basin contains multiple aeolian features that resemble crescent dunes. The presence of shallow saline waters with exposed marginal mudflats are formation requirements for such lunettes [10] or lake dunes, in addition to strong winds and a marked hot dry season. These features are derived from lake sediments and are arranged in multiple ridges with smaller dune forms within the larger ones. Small pellets of clay and sand build up during the dry season, are cemented together by salts during the wet season, and can form interbedded sand, clay and salt. Methods: HyMAP data were acquired in November and December 2008. These areas contain a suite of clays, sulfates, and salts formed under variable pH and salinity similar to what conditions may have been like in the martian past. The HyMap sensors have 126 bands that cover the wavelength range between 0.45 and 2.5 microns. HyVista Corporation provided atmospherically corrected reflectance data at approximately 3m spatial resolution. The first objectives of our study were to identify spectrally unique pixels and map their distribution. Specifically, our search included kaolinite, smectite clays, Fe-oxides, opaline silica, jarosite, alunite, gypsum and Mg-sulfates. Mineral maps were created using a combination of the Mixed Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) algorithm provided in ENVI and relative band depth (RBD) mapping and were overlain on a georegistered mosaic of all of the flight lines for each lake (e.g., Fig. 1). Mapped results were validated with spectral measurements of field samples, visual interpretation, and XRD. Field measurements were made when possible and all samples were measured in the laboratory using an Analytical Spectra Device (ASD) Fieldspec spectrometer for comparison to the HyMAP data.


The purpose of this study was to make a device of the development of an entrepreneurship training, develop a model of the entrepreneurship training, and create the material of entrepreneurship training for the employment of jobless townspeople. The study employed research and development as the method and used qualitative and quantitative approaches as the methods of analyses. After a series of try-outswere conducted, the real field operational test was performed by using a pre-test and post-test design. The data were collected through interviews, participative observations, intensive discussion, documentation study, and questionnaires. A mark-test was utilized for the descriptiveand inferential statistical calculations. Findings of the study consisted of a design of the entrepreneurship training device for the applicant of the fresh entrepreneur group in the city, a model of entrepreneurship training for the employment of jobless townspeople, an entrepreneurship training material modulefor the employment of joblesstownspeople, and an effective model of entrepreneurship training and material for the employment of jobless townspeople.


Mothers in Nairobi who want child spacing advice usually attend a family planning clinic at about 6 weeks postpartum. Of 2245 such mothers 48.5% have chosen an IUD 38% oral contraceptives and 11% the diaphragm. In a 2-year study the loss to follow-up was about 50%. The oral contraceptive used contained norethynodrel 2.5 mg combined with ethinyl estradiol 2-methyl ether. Both in a control series and in those taking the pill more women breast-fed longer than previously indicating a trend to improved lactation in succeeding pregnancies. However in the group taking the oral contraceptive the number who lactated longer than previously was 11% higher than the others. No ill effects have been noted.


Multiarm star polymers, with a hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) core and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) arms end-capped with acetyl groups were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone from PEI cores of different molecular weight. These star polymers were used as toughening agents for epoxy/anhydride thermosets. The curing process was studied by calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The final properties of the resulting materials were determined by thermal and mechanical tests. The addition of the star polymers led to an improvement up to 130% on impact strength and a reduction in the thermal stresses up to 55%. The structure and molecular weight of the modifier used affected the morphology of the resulting materials. Electron microscopy showed phase-separated morphologies with nano-sized fine particles well adhered to the epoxy/anhydride matrix when the higher molecular weight modifier was used.


The subsolidus phase relations of the Nd2O3-Pr6O11-CuO ternary system sintered in air at 950 degrees C have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. The system can be divided into one ternary phase region and three binary phase regions. The solid solution Nd2-xPrxCuO4-delta has been observed to exist over the composition region 0 < x < 2. The solid solution has a tetragonal structure, and its lattice parameters increase linearly with the increasing of the praseodymium content. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.


[Objective] Micromonospora carbonacea JXNU-1 is an actinomycete with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study aims to reveal its genomic sequence information. [Methods] The genomic DNA from M. carbonacea JXNU-1 was sequenced by Sanger technology using Illumina Mi Seq and Illumina Hi Seq 2500 sequencers. The genome was assembled by using SOAPdenovo software; multiplex PCR was used to close the gaps, and the genome sequence information was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. [Results] The whole-genomic DNA of M. carbonacea JXNU-1 was sequenced and annotated, and a fine genome map of M. carbonacea JXNU-1 was completed. This Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/Gen Bank under the accession JXSX00000000. [Conclusion] This study provides the basis to explore biosynthesis of antimicrobials from M. carbonacea JXNU-1.


Background: To develop a core outcome set an evaluation of primary outcome and outcome measure reporting is required. Objectives: To assess primary outcome and outcome measure reporting across randomized trials evaluating treatments for preeclampsia. Search strategy: We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index and EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO 51 Selection criteria: Randomized trials evaluating treatments for preeclampsia. 52 Data collection and analysis: We systematically extracted and categorized primary 53 outcome and outcome measure reporting. 54 Main results: Seventy-nine randomized trials, including data from 31,615 maternal 55 participants were included. Thirty-eight trials (48%) reported 35 different primary 56 outcomes, of which 28 were maternal outcomes and seven were offspring outcomes. Three randomized trials reported composite outcomes including between seven and nine outcome components. The method of definition or measurement was 59 infrequently or poorly reported within trial reports. When outcomes were consistently reported across trials, different methods of definition or measurement were frequently described. Conclusions: Randomized trials evaluating interventions for preeclampsia omit critical information related to their primary outcome, including definition and measurement. a core outcome set for preeclampsia trials should help inform primary outcome and outcome measure selection.


Legal regulation of the landscape is relatively new. Conceived on the basis of the relationship between man and nature, the law has assimilated, at certain times, a static object that is essentially natural. In another period, it apprehended its dynamics by regulating it as a hybrid object. The landscape is made up of a set of goods and values that transcend what is purely cultural or natural, and are combined in the confluence of both elements. This hybridity leads to difficulties, both at the point prior to its regulation; that is, in the legal notion of the landscape, and at the moment of its governance. In this paper, the authors seek to unravel the construction of the landscape as a particular object of regulation in the field of Argentine law. With that in mind, they offer a brief historiography of the regulation of landscape in an effort to delve into the two most relevant international standards on the subject (i.e., the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the European Landscape Convention adopted by the Council of Europe). In analyzing the construction of this particular object and the legal provisions for its governance, the authors conclude with several thoughts on the process of constructing this piece of the legal puzzle.


Three components contribute to the acoustic field propagating in a wedge or over a ridge : a direct path arrival, an image component due to reflection from the boundaries and a component diffracted by the apex. All three contributions are included in a new, exact solution of the Helmholtz equation for the three-dimensional time harmonic field from a point source in a wedge(or over a ridge) formed by two intersecting, pressure-release plane boundaries. The solution is obtained by applying three integral transforms, and consists of and infinite sum of uncoupled normal nodes. The mode coefficients are given by a finite integral involving a Gegenbauer polynomial in the integrand, which may be computed relatively efficiently. Results of the theory for propagation over a 90 degree ridge is discussed.


Chahansala Sb deposit is located in the centre section of southwestern Tianshan which belongs to the western part of Late Paleozoic trencharc zone in Xinjiang. And it constitutes the Chahansala SbAu deposit zone with the Shawayaerdun AuSbAg deposit the Kalajiaoguya SbAu deposit, and the Gulekedabankati SbAu deposit The mineral district sits on the concentrated centre of the Chahansala Sb abnormal area and controlled by a huge thrusting nappe structure The ore bodies are in the carbonbearing fragmental rock of the Aertengkeshi formation, and demonstrate the character of multielement and multistage mineralization The minerogenic material is from the formation that contains the ore bodies, and the minerogenic hydrotherm is the mixed solution that contains the magmatic water, meteoric water, and metamorphic water 


About 10% of women presenting with post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) may have a malignancy and the majority of these malignancies will be endometrial in origin. Hysteroscopy retains a role in the assessment of a proportion of women with PMB (Chambers and Chambers 1992). Although transvaginal sonography, endometrial sampling and outpatient hysteroscopy have reduced the number of inpatient hysteroscopies performed under general anaesthesia, a significant minority of patients still require this type of assessment. Hysteroscopy performed under general anaesthesia allows several important clinical objectives to be achieved (van Dongen et al. 2007). These include confirmation of neoplasia; assessment of the ectoand endocervix as potential origins of cancer; assessment of the vagina and vulva; assessment of potential resectability of the uterus and the route of resection. Although this procedure is considered to be both minor in terms of intervention and simple in terms of technique, we were concerned that the full potential for recording the above in its totality was often not met. We believed that a quality assurance audit of this relatively common procedure was justified.


Research Institute of History, Economics and Law, Moscow, Russia В статье исследуются основные черты ближневосточной политики России в 1990-е годы In this article, we study the changes in the Middle East politics of Russia in the second half of the 1990s Ключевые слова : БЛИЖНЕВОСТОЧНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА , ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА РОССИИ , ТОРГОВО -ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО Keywords: MIDDLE EAST POLICY, RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY, TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION


To fulfill the duty of safety protection of hospital for patients is regulated by Tort Liability Law.Facilities should be inspected whether it is in its normal operation and patients' spirit should be more attention to prevent accident caused by adverse drug use in clinical nursing.Case which has disobeyed safety protection duty is analyzed.It is presented that details should be paid more attention in clinical nursing.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Copper attachment to a non-octarepeat site in prion protein MIROSLAV HODAK, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, JERRY BERNHOLC, NC State U and ORNL — Prion protein, PrP, plays a causative role in several neurodegenerative diseases, including mad cow disease in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. The PrP is known to efficiently bind copper ions and this ability has been linked to its function. PrP contains up to six binding sites, four of which are located in the so-called octarepeat region and are now well known. The binding sites outside this region are still largely undetermined, despite evidence of their relevance to prion diseases. Using a hybrid DFT/DFT, which combines Kohn-Sham DFT with orbital-free DFT to achieve accurate and efficient description of solvent effects in ab initio calculations, we have investigated copper attachment to the sequence GGGTH, which represents the copper binding site located at His96. We have considered both NNNN and NNNO types of copper coordination, as suggested by experiments. Our calculations have determined the geometry of copper attachment site and its energetics. Comparison to the already known binding sites provides insight into the process of copper uptake in PrP. Miroslav Hodak North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Date submitted: 20 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


PECO's Design Reference Mission (DRM) achieves the science goals detailed in the Science Requirements Document (SRD, Appendix 8.2) within a 3-year mission lifetime. PECO's science goals map to three mission phases: (1) a "Grand Tour" that focuses on 20 nearby systems around which PECO is capable of detecting Earths or Super-Earths within the habitable zone, (2) a "Radial-Velocity Follow-up" to directly image 15 planets previously detected using the radial-velocity method, and (3) a "Snapshot Survey" of 120 systems to characterize gas giants and exozodiacal disk structure. Table 8.3.1 shows the allocation of time to the three mission phases and on-orbit commissioning. Each of PECO's three mission phases have significant differences in the number of target systems allocated, the level of difficulty in detecting and characterizing each target type, and the revisit cadence. The SRD provides detailed scientific motivation and justification for each mission phase. The following DRM strategy allocates mission time based on the rationale and requirements in the SRD. For each mission phase, the number of systems targeted in this DRM may be slightly higher (more conservative) than the baseline requirements listed in the SRD. The integration time allocations established for observations in this DRM are based on detailed simulations of the PECO PIAA coronagraph. These simulations are described in Section 6.1 of the PECO SRD. The software simulation tools used were adapted specifically for the PECO mission from the more general PIAA coronagraph simulations presented in Martinache et al. (2006). Output tables from the simulations that helped to define this initial PECO DRM are included in Appendix 8.3.A. As shown in Figure 8.3.1, PECO will use an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit similar to that used by earlier space-imaging missions such as Spitzer (SIRTF) and Kepler. Consistent with these previous missions, PECO has scheduled an on-orbit checkout (commissioning) period of 60 days (1440 hours). The Grand Tour includes time for both initial detection and characterization as well as follow-up high-SNR characterization of Earths and Super-Earths. Initial detection and characterization is based on achieving SNR > 5. Follow-up high-SNR characterization is based on achieving SNR > 30.


Clean energy and alternative energy have become major areas of research worldwide for sustainable energy development. Among the important research and development areas are hydrogen and synthesis gas (syngas) production and purifi cation as well as fuel processing for fuel cells. Research and technology development on hydrogen and syngas production and purifi cation and on fuel processing for fuel cells have great potential in addressing three major challenges in energy area: (a) to supply more clean fuels to meet the increasing demands for liquid and gaseous fuels and electricity, (b) to increase the effi ciency of energy utilization for fuels and electricity production, and (c) to eliminate the pollutants and decouple the link between energy utilization and greenhouse gas emissions in end use systems. 1


We present an adaptive lens which tunes its focal length with a glass membrane that is deformed by an integrated piezo bending actuator. A particular challenge in the fabrication of this type of actuator is the need to contact the electrodes on both sides of the piezo element, i.e. also on the glass surface. Therefore, we show a novel contacting method where the top electrode on the piezo is segmented and the backside electrode is left at a floating potential. With this setup we achieve tuning capabilities of more than 13 dpt and response times in the range of less than 4 ms at a usable aperture of 4.5 mm.


This is a response to Woods and Gardner's (2011) article which argues that geographers' views on 'policy research' have been erroneously reduced to a 'good' / 'bad' dualism and that this has allowed 'critical' geographers to disengage from a dialogue about the potential that it offers for dialogue with policy makers. In this article I suggest that Woods and Gardner have put forward an argument that is based on a hermeneutics of trust which suggests that dialogue breeds 'mutual understanding' which, in turn, can provide a consensual basis for social progress. As such it considers the politics of cooperation but not the politics of scepticism and conflict in policy research. I argue that the experience of geographers shows that there are good reasons to be wary of policy research because it too often suppresses dissent and conflict. Thus a stand of hostility towards policy research is entirely legitimate but, more importantly, necessary in the interests of fostering a democratic debate in which conflict is brought out into the open.


ABSTRACT The Government of India introduced the National Educational Policy (NEP) in 2020. The policy aims to achieve the set goals phase-wise with spirit and intent by the prioritisation of action points in a comprehensive manner that entails careful planning, monitoring and collaborative implementation, timely infusion of requisite funds and careful analyses and reviewing at multiple implementation steps. Creation of a National Research Fund, incorporation of a new Higher Education Commission of India and investments of an amount equivalent to 6% of the country's GDP are envisaged. The policy was perceived as beneficial and damaging, as per the opinions expressed in various forums. From the author's perspective, while some aspects of NEP are novel, most are already being practised to a certain extent. Implementation of NEP to cause a significant change in the education system needs escalation of academic, logistic and financial commitments from all stakeholders.


Using representative employer-employee panel data of German firms, we show that differences in supervisors' people skills, as well as workforce trust, social preferences, and personality traits explain firm-level differences in helping and antisocial behavior in the workplace. Our measures are derived from established survey constructs and include preference items that have been behaviorally validated in experimental games by prior research. Together, the results corroborate the importance of both leadership and workforce composition with respect to preferences and personality for the manifestation of cooperative and non-cooperative workplace cultures. The dependent variable Helping Index is an index containing the standardized firm-wave average of two items. All continuous independent variables are standardized with mean zero and unit variance. We analytically weight observations in the OLS regression by cell size (the number of individual observations per firm-wave cell). Our set of base controls includes time and risk preferences, self-efficacy, school education, vocational and university education, gender, age cate- gories, partner, living alone, interview method, survey wave, industry, region, establishment size, and ownership type. Job controls include the logarithm of the monthly net wage, white collar, task interdependence, management position, part-time, and fixed-term work contract. Standard errors clustered on the establishment level in parentheses. The symbols *,**, and *** represent significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. This analysis only uses a balanced panel of firms. The dependent variable is the standardized firm-wave average of antisocial behavior. All continuous inde- pendent variables are standardized with mean zero and unit variance. We analytically weight observations in the OLS regression by cell size (the number of individual observations per firm-wave cell). Our set of base controls includes time and risk preferences, self-efficacy, school education, vocational and university education, gender, age categories, partner, living alone, interview method, survey wave, industry, region, establishment size, and ownership type. Job controls include the logarithm of the monthly net wage, white collar, task interdependence, management position, part-time, and fixed-term work contract. Standard er- rors clustered on the establishment level in parentheses. The symbols *,**, and *** represent significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. This analysis only uses a balanced panel of firms. containing the of two All continuous independent variables are with mean zero and unit variance. We analytically weight observations in the OLS regression by cell size (the number of individual observations per firm-wave cell). Our set of base controls includes time and risk preferences, self-efficacy, school education, vocational and university education, gender, age cate- gories, partner, living alone, interview method, survey wave, industry, region, establishment size, and ownership type. Job controls include the logarithm of the monthly net wage, white collar, task interdependence, management position, part-time, and fixed-term work contract. Standard errors clustered on the establishment level in parentheses. The symbols *,**, and *** represent significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. Sample refreshers are excluded from this analysis. The dependent variable is the standardized firm-wave average of antisocial behavior. All continuous inde- pendent variables are standardized with mean zero and unit variance. We analytically weight observations in the OLS regression by cell size (the number of individual observations per firm-wave cell). of base and risk preferences, self-efficacy, school education, and university


Mubi Cattle Market is located within the town of Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The weekly market that is held every Tuesday and it is a revenue spinner for the commercial town has also become a source of a significant traffic congestion problem in the town [1]. This market attracts customers from the state, other parts of the country, as well as across international borders (Cameroon, Chad and Central Africa Republic). Similarly, the improved transportation system has helped increase the tempo of marketing operations [2] which further adds to the traffic situation. The marketrelated traffic, which may be over 10 times its normal volume (that is, non-market day), creates a nightmarish traffic experience for the Mubi town residents. Against this background, the present study was elaborated to yield the Cattle market related facts that may guide actions to mitigate traffic problems in the town. Traffic counting methods and transport planning at all levels requires understanding of actual conditions for proper land use planning. This involves the determination of vehicle or pedestrian numbers, vehicle types, vehicle speeds, vehicle weights, as well as more substantial information such as trip length, purpose and frequency. The first group of data, dealing with the characteristics of vehicle or people movement, was obtained by undertaking traffic counts [3]. Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism


The author studies psychological and law peculiarities of the Interior leading staff' work contributing to juvenile delinquency prevention. There are results of statistic data analysis on leading staff' work on implementing juvenile offences law acts (e.g. in Kursk).


The propagation of few-cycle optical pulses (FCPs) in nonlinear media can be described by means of a model of modified Korteweg - de Vries - sine-Gordon (mKdV-sG) type. This model has in some special situations the advantage of being "integrable", which allows us to study the interactions between FCPs.


Recently, the creation of a strong magnetic field in a photonic cavity system has been demonstrated [N. Schine et al., Nature (London) 534, 671 (2016).]. Using this setup, we propose a scheme to adiabatically transfer flux quanta simultaneously to all cavity photons. The flux transfer is achieved using external light fields with orbital angular momentum and a near-resonant dense atomic medium as a mediator. Furthermore, by coupling the cavity fields to a Rydberg state, strong photon-photon interactions can be realized and fractional quantum Hall states can be prepared. To this end, a growing protocol is discussed consisting of a sequence of flux insertion and subsequent single-photon insertion. Specifically, we discuss the growing of the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/2$ bosonic Laughlin state. First we adiabatically insert two photonic flux quanta, creating a two-quasihole excitation, and second we refill the hole with a single photon using the strong photon-photon interactions.


Abstract In the previous sections of this paper we have discussed our own and other experimental studies of flow instabilities in the extrusion of polymer melts as well as various theories of the mechanism of initiation of the instability. It is our belief that one of the keys to a deeper understanding of this phenomenon is a fuller analytical understanding of the stress and velocity fields in the composite reservoir, capillary, and extrudate system. It is to this problem that we turn our attention here. The velocity, stress-field problem in the entrance region of a conduit being fed from a reservoir has received considerable attention for Newtonian fluids. Most authors have followed Schlichting and Goldstein in using boundary-layer theory to analyze this problem. While there are a number of such solutions for viscous non-Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids, they are of little interest for polymer melts. This is not only because they represent a high Reynolds number, inertia-dominated asymptote but because ...


This paper provides a presentation of the semiotics of Umberto Eco as well as a preliminary outline of an interpretation of the Christian religion based on Eco's semiotic theories. The suggested application of Eco's semiotics to the interpretation of Christianity is based on the notion of «unlimited semiosis», originally derived from the pragmatic semiotics of C. S. Peirce. Against this theoretical background, I suggest a non-confessional consideration of Christianity as a hypertext, open for a potentially unlimited multitude of connections between different Christian cultures in time and space. It is argued that this use of Eco's semiotics is a theologically adequate instrument for exploring the multitude of Christian cultures and traditions in past and present.


In this paper we employ a new controller structure in solving the robust output regulation problem for a linear distributed parameter system with finite or infinite-dimensional exosystems. In the case of an infinite-dimensional exosystem we also present additional conditions for achieving polynomial or logarithmic nonuniform decay rates for the closed-loop semigroup.


IT IS the purpose of this paper to examine Italy's wartime inflation in those major aspects for which fairly complete and reasonably reliable information is available and to attempt to define the critical factors operating to influence prices. The period examined comprises the years from 1938, when conditions were approximately normal, to May, I945, when organized warfare ceased. A definitive study of the course of inflation in Italy must wait upon more complete data concerning the aggregate effect of the war on the Italian economy and can be made only after the nation has returned to something resembling peacetime conditions. The data contained in this paper and the statistics estimated from them, though they are not all that one could wish for, are more complete than anything hitherto available and on a number of crucial points are quite adequate. The use of these provisional data also may be justified by the consideration that many of them probably will not be improved for several years to come. This study consists of five parts: prices and income, the quantity of money, fiscal and price policy, price relations, and conclusions.


As a double-edged sword,college students′fashion culture has greatly impacted not only the healthy development of college students,but also the traditional moral work of higher education.Universities need to strengthen the education of Marxist worldview,correct values,scientific aesthetics,and dialectical negative view in order to successfully guide college students about faith behavior,consumer behavior,fashion behavior,and mimic behavior.


The invention discloses a folding electric bicycle, comprising a frame, a front wheel, a rear wheel, a seat, handles and a battery jar. A connecting rod at the lower part of the seat is hinged with a supporting rod convexly arranged at the middle part of the frame in an upward direction and can swing inwards around the hinged joint to be folded, lower ends of longitudinal insertion rods of the handles are hinged with the supporting rod convexly arranged at the front part of the frame in an upward direction and can swing inwards around the hinged joint to be folded, and inner ends of the two handles are respectively hinged with two ends of a transverse rod and can swing inwards around the hinged joint to be folded, thus after being folded, the folding electric bicycle has extremely small volume so as to facilitate put-away and storage. In addition, the battery jar of the folding electric bicycle is installed on a connection section between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the frame, so the structure is relatively simple.


This work aims at the optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation (DG) in distribution feeders. It is used an objective function which computes a penalty for voltage deviation in each bus coupled with the active power losses of the system. In this way, it is considered the equality and inequality constraints concerning the power flow, total apparent power of DG, number of installed DGs, fixed or variable power factor and voltage limits. To this end, it is implemented a nonlinear programming model with discontinuous derivatives, which employs binary variables to define the location of the generation through a classical optimization approach.


Objective To construct a lentiviral vector carrying RECK gene and provide the basis for further experiments. Methods The lentiviral expression vector,pGC-FU-RECK was identfied by PCR technique. Recombinant lentiviruses were produced by 293T cells following the co-transfection with packaging plasmids-pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0. Results Plasmid pGC-FU-RECK carried the correct RECK gene and could be expressed in 293T cells,and could be produced by co-transfection of pGC-FU-RECK. Conclusion The recombinant lentivirus GC-FU-RECK can be produced successfully,which will provide the basis for the further studies on the function of RECK gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.


Change management processes have been major catalysts in introducing innovation and changes to organizations. This chapter illustrates the underlying concepts and principles of change management with specific reference to the service-oriented sectors. The contents are intended for students and professionals to provide an understanding of the practices and intricacies of a change process and to help build a framework for any future change management activity primarily in reference to providing and enhancing service quality in emerging economies. The chapter starts with an Introduction and sets a background about why change management is so important for industry sectors like services and manufacturing in developing economies. The next few paragraphs explain the necessity and factors influencing a change process and the types and nature of the changes. The remaining sections are arranged in a progression with the topics on core challenges in organizations in the context of developing economies, identifying a change process, working with change management, Total Quality Management (TQM), service quality, managerial implications, and conclusion. In addition, two case scenario examples are presented at the start and end of the chapter, respectively, which enables the comprehension of the views presented in the chapter.


Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) holds the highest share of commercial supercapacitor market. However, it has been proven that current Helmholtz, Gouy-Chapman and Stern models do not provide comprehensive explanation for energy storage mechanism in EDLC. In this work the effects of interdigitated EDLC design on capacitance of flexible laser scribed interdigitated microsupercapacitor (LSG-MSC) are studied. Three design parameters are tested, (1) current collector-electrode interaction, (2) electrode aperture, and (3) distance between parallel electrodes. Noticeable change was observed in the total capacitance upon change in LSG-MSC design which was analyzed in detail using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrostatic simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. It was found that in addition to electric double layer capacitance, an electric field was generated between electrodes and between electrode and current collector which led to small electrostatic capacitance between them. This electric field was also found to cause disturbance in double layer formation at the electrode thus causing change in the overall capacitance as the design parameters were varied.


Frequency domain analyses in electromyographic (EMG) signals are
frequently applied to assess muscle fatigue and similar variables. Moreover,
Fourier-based approaches are typically used for investigating these procedures.
Nonetheless, Fourier analysis assumes the signal as stationary which is
unlikely during dynamic contractions. As an alternative method, wavelet-based
treatments do not assume this pattern and may be considered as more appropriate
for joint time-frequency domain analysis. Based on the previous statements,
the purpose of the present study was to compare the application of Short-Time
Fourier Transform (STFT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to assess
muscle fatigue in dynamic exercise of a 1-km of cycling (time-trial condition).
The results of this study indicated that CWT and STFT analyses have provided
similar fatigue estimates (slope) (p>
0.05). However, CWT application represents lesser dispersion (pp>
0.05) according to different methods, it is important to note that these
responses seem to show greater values for CWT compared to STFT for 2
superficial muscles. Thereby, we are capable of considering CWT as a reliable
and useful method to take into consideration when non-stationary or oscillating
exercise models are evaluated.


Through delimiting education of cultural quality and ability of cross-cultural communication,understanding significance of education of cultural quality and cultivating ability of cross-cultural communication for today's world and the harmonious relation between two sides in fostering talents of foreign language,this paper puts forward some teaching proposals for raising cultural quality of foreign language learners.


Correlation between Crystallographic and Magnetic Domains at Co/NiO(001) Interfaces H. Ohldag, 1 G. van der Laan, 2 and E. Arenholz 3 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309 Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract Using soft x-ray spectromicroscopy we show that NiO(001) exhibits a crystallographic and mag- netic domain structure near the surface identical to that of the bulk. Upon Co deposition a perpendicular coupling between the Ni and Co moments is observed that persists even after for- mation of uncompensated Ni spins at the interface through annealing. The chemical composition at the interface alters its crystallographic structure and leads to a reorientation of the Ni moments from the 112 to the 110 direction. We show that this reorientation is driven by changes in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange coupling mediated by residual uncompensated spins. PACS numbers: 75.50.Ee, 75.70, 78.70.Dm, 75.70.Ak, 76.60.Ch Keywords: magnetic thin films, Magnetic Dichroism, X-ray absorption spectra, antiferromag- netic/ferromagnetic exchange


Furthermore, these studies have suggested that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis appears to correlate with the percentage of edentulous individuals in certain countries. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is uncertain, but only by pursuing such investigations will we eventually unlock the key to this common and disabling disease. Sceptics might remember that epidemiological research has largely provided the evidence for the most widely accepted theory: namely, that in genetically susceptible individuals the disease follows a childhood infection with an as yet undetermined virus that remains dormant for many years before initiating, either directly or by an immunological mechanism, the onset of symptoms.'3 14


Communication between healthcare professionals and deaf patients is challenging, and the current COVID-19 pandemic makes this issue even more acute. Sign language interpreters can often not enter hospitals and face masks make lipreading impossible. To address this urgent problem, we developed a system which allows healthcare professionals to translate sentences that are frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 into Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). Translations are displayed by means of videos and avatar animations. The architecture of the system is such that it could be extended to other applications and other sign languages in a relatively straightforward way.


Under geophysical and geochemical forcing whole and fractured rock exhibit dynamic characteristics of hydraulic transport and mechanical deformation. Changes to permeability, porosity, and compressibility can be rapid and significant, with shortand long-term variability of intrinsic rock and fracture properties linked intricately to the applied forces: temperature, fluid pressure, mechanical stress, and chemical potential. The magnitude and interaction of these applied forces and controlling parameters govern fluid circulation in geothermal reservoirs, transport and trapping mechanisms in the sequestration of carbon dioxide, saturation state surrounding high temperature radioactive waste, fluid circulation and recovery in petroleum reservoirs, pressure dissipation rate within active fault zones, and the failure potential of volcanic domes, to name a few. To a far greater extent than many anthropogenic materials, rocks are defined by anisotropic and discontinuous material properties. And, as in any scientific analysis, complex mechanisms are often best approximated by determining the rate-limiting step, or the variable that defines most strongly an observable process. For fluid flow and deformation within earth materials, it is often the discontinuous features that define behavior: fractures. The following is a study of fluid flow and deformation in fractured rock, with particular emphasis on environments under thermal and chemical stress. Because of their significance, fractures are treated in the greatest detail, with constitutive modeling at pore and reservoir scale, and their impact explored with reservoir scale numerical simulation. Part I of this thesis (Chapters I-IV) explores the behavior of engineered systems pushed far from equilibrium and highlights feedbacks between stress and chemistry on the evolution of the mechanical and transport properties of rocks; these observations and analyses are focused on the behavior of geothermal reservoirs. Part II (Chapters V-VI) examines the response to natural forcing and follows the complex interactions that shape processes in volcanic environments. Part I: Engineered Environments Chapter I introduces a method to couple the thermal (T), hydrologic (H), and chemical precipitation/dissolution (C) capabilities of TOUGHREACT with the mechanical (M) framework of FLAC to examine THMC processes in deformable, fractured porous media. The combined influence of stress-driven asperity dissolution, thermal-hydro-mechanical asperity compaction/dilation, and mineral precipitation/dissolution alter the permeability of fractures during thermal, hydraulic, and chemical stimulation. Fracture and matrix are mechanically linked through linear, dual-porosity poroelasticity. Stress-dissolution effects are driven by augmented effective stresses incrementally defined at steady state with feedbacks to the transport system as a mass source, and to the mechanical system as an equivalent


Due to the new possibilities it opens up on the Web, the Java paradigm has received much attention. As a result, many universities and colleges have introduced Java into their undergraduate computer science curriculum. However, the novelty and popularity of a language do not automatically imply its suitability for the learning of introductory programming. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of Java as a first language for students with no programming background.


PURPOSE: A refrigerator and an operation method thereof are provided to prevent the loss of the cold air since the cold air is supplied from a freezing compartment directly to a refrigerating-compartment door through a barrier and not through a refrigerator body. CONSTITUTION: A refrigerator comprises a freezing compartment(3), a refrigerating compartment(2), an ice making room, a first cold air channel, a second cold air channel, a third cold air channel, and a fourth cold air channel. The refrigerating compartment is separated from the freezing compartment by a barrier. The ice making room is formed in a refrigerating-compartment door(4) and performs the ice making operation by the cold air of the freezing compartment. The first cold air channel is formed in the barrier. The second cold air channel is formed in the refrigerating compartment door, is communicated with the first cold air channel and communicates the ice making room with the freezing compartment. The third cold air channel communicates the ice making room with the freezing compartment. A damper, which selectively opens and closes the third cold air channel, is installed in the third cold air channel.


This study describes synthesis of Co65Fe35 alloy nanoparticles from Aotani solutions by using a method which couples electrodeposition of metals with the employment of high power ultrasound (20 kHz). The production of alloyed nanoparticles was performed using a 20 kHz titanium alloy horn ultrasound generator, a 'sonoelectrode' generating short current pulses (tON) triggered and followed immediately by ultrasonic pulses (tUS). The primary role of ultrasound is to induce cavitation phenomenon in the electrolyte and the ablation of the metallic nuclei from the cathodic surface. A rest time, tp, restores the initial conditions. The final product is a suspension of nanoparticles with high purity and high surface/volume ratio, which can be controlled by varying process parameters like time management and current density. Produced nanopowders were characterized both morphologically and chemically by TEM, SEM, XRF, XRD, EDS and SAED. Results showed that (i) strongly aggregated Co65Fe35 nanoparticles were predominantly formed, (ii) nanoparticles had prevalent bcc crystalline structure, (iii) an average grain size of ~12 nm was obtained, (iv) no redissolution of the nanoaggregates occurred, (v) no Fe nor Co metallic nanoparticles were produced sonoelectrochemically. XRD analysis suggested that "hot spot" mechanisms induced by sonication did not influence the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. INTRODUCTION The effects of high power ultrasound in Sonoelectrochemistry is an active research area. It was shown that the action of high intensity ultrasonic irradiation on electrochemical processes brings to both chemical and physical effects, for example, mass-transport enhancement, surface cleaning and radicals formation. Sonication is known to decrease the diffusion layer thickness (δ); thus gives an increase in limiting current (Ilim) due to effects of cavitation and/or micro and macro-streaming. Both cavitational and acoustic streaming effects contribute significantly to the increase in observed experimental currents [1]. The experimental decrease in the diffusion layer thickness is also known to be due to the collapse of cavitation bubbles at the electrode surface leading to the formation of high velocity jets of liquid directed toward its surface. This jetting, together with acoustic streaming, lead to disruption of the mass transfer boundary layer at the electrode surface at close electrode-to-horn separations. Extensive work has been carried out in which high power ultrasound was applied to various electrochemical processes leading to several industrial applications over a wide range of subject areas such as electrodeposition, electroplating, electrochemical dissolution and corrosion testing [2]. Recently, great interest has been observed in the field of the production of active metal nanoparticles. Methods of producing metallic nanosized materials are numerous but an alternative, simplest and cost-effective method is to use Sonoelectrochemistry where an ultrasonic horn is also used as the working electrode. This 'sonoelectrode' was subjected to pulsed applied galvanic current and pulsed out-of-phase ultrasound. During cavitation, a jet of liquid penetrates inside the cavitation bubble perpendicular to the sonoelectrode surface [3] and the resulting impact is responsible for nuclei ablation. This new sonoelectrochemical method has since been employed to produce several pure metallic, alloy [4, 5] and semiconductor nanoparticles [6].


NCTE has been actively working to communicate effective writing theories and practices in nationwide conversations with the College Board and state and federal governing bodies.[1] Yet there is still a gap between research on writing and legislation enacted through state standardized tests. In order to lead teachers to use outcomes assessment or standards, states often require renewal processes of licenses and certificates, satisfied through a single course or workshop series. Many of these offerings, conceived, constructed and presented as singular and separate events, are insufficient, leaving teachers without guidance or support in the actual integration and implementation of what they may read, discuss, and learn as participants: a discussion of Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development" in July may not provide a teacher with enough exposure to facilitate application in October. As a result, teachers may be hard pressed to keep track and make use of theoretical advances as they strive daily to keep abreast of the external demands on their teaching. They are reduced to "approach[ing] the matter of what to do by reducing the infinite number of new situations into familiar terms, then handling them with familiar strategies" (North 33).


Study On The Characteristic Of Steam Generation In Helical Steam Generator Of Small Modular Reactor. Small modular reactor (SMR) is very suitable to be deployed in Indonesia especially for locations having low electrical grid capacity, so further investigation on the characteritic of this reactor is needed. In general SMR has a compact and integrated-to-vessel steam generator design. This design implies different approach in producing steam as compared to conventional nuclear power plant having inverted u-tube steam generator. For that reason, this research is intended to investigate the steam characteristic and how it is generated in the helical SG which is widely used in SMR. The method used is through numerical calculation of the SG model using RELAP5 code. In the model, the feed-water which has low pressure and temperature is flown into helical tubes while high pressure and temperatur fluid, which represents reactor primary system coolant, stays in outer side of the tube. Calculation result shows that the steam produced by helical steam generator is superheated, i.e. about 25 K above saturation temperature. This provides comparative advantage to SMR on the design and operational aspects compared to conventional reactors because the superheated steam it produces can reduce turbine losses and at the same time increase thermodynamic efficiency. Any pretensions to stop the production of TRIGA fuel elements by TRIGA reactor fuel elements manufacturer should be anticipated by the operating agency of TRIGA reactor to replace the cylinder type fuel element with plate type fuel element that available on the market. In this study, the calculation of U 3 Si 2 Al fuel with uranium enrichment of 19.75 % and a load level of 2.96 gU/cm 3 was performed. Analyses were performed using the validated COOLOD - N2 program. configurations of fuel plate type are composed of 16 fuel elements, 4 control elements and 1 irradiation facilities which are located in the middle of core. The calculation results showed that if the cooling temperature was 37°C, and the ratio of radial power peaking factor ≤ 1.92, then the maximum power that can be operated on free convection mode of operation was 600 kW. The thermalhydraulic characteristic obtained such as coolant temperature at the outlet side, cladding and meat were 82.39°C, 108.88°C and 109.02°C respectively, while the Δ T ONB (Temperature Onset of Nucleate Boiling) was 7.18°C and OFIR (Onset of flow instability ratio) value was 1.03. The results are expected to be used as a reference for determining the power level of the TRIGA reactor core plate types fueled. The reduction of fissile material during reactor operation affects reactivity reduction. Therefore, in order to keep the reactor operating at fixed power, it must be compensated by slowly withdrawing the control-rod up. However, it will change the shape of the horizontal/axial power distribution and safety margin as well. The research carries out the calculations of the core thermalhydraulics to determine the effect of the fluctuations of the power distribution on the thermal-hydraulic AP1000's parameters and study their impacts on the safety margin. The calculation is done using the COBRA-EN code and the result shows that the maximum heat flux at the Beginning of Cycle (BOC) is 1624.02 kW/m 2 . This heat flux will then decrease by 22.75% at the Middle of Cycle (MOC) and by 0.29% at the End of Cycle (EOC). The peak fuel centerline temperature at the BOC, MOC and EOC, are 1608.15°C, 1232.15°C, and 1301.75°C, respectively. These temperature differences are caused by the heat flux effects on sub-cooled boiling regions in the cladding surface. Moreover, the value of MDNBRs at the MOC and EOC are 3.23 and 3.00, which are higher than the MDNBR at the BOC of 2.49. It could be concluded that the operating cycle of the AP1000 reactor should be operated in the MOC and the EOC, which will be more safely than be operated in the BOC. COBRA-EN Andi Sofrany Ekariansyah., Analysis On The Core Condition Of AP1000 Advanced Power Reactor During Small Break LOCA. Jurnal Teknologi Reaktor Nuklir TRI DASA MEGA, 17 (2), 87. Accident due to the loss of coolant from the reactor boundary is an anticipated design basis event in the design of power reactor adopting the Generation II up to IV technology. Small break LOCA leads to more significant impact on safety compared to the large break LOCA as shown in the Three-Mile Island (TMI). The focus of this paper is the small break LOCA analysis on the Generation III + advanced power reactor of AP1000 by simulating three different initiating events, which are inadvertent opening of Automatic Depressurization System (ADS), double-ended break on one of Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) pipe, and 10 inch diameter split break on one of cold leg pipe. Methodology used is by simulating the events on the AP1000 model developed using RELAP5/SCDAP/Mod3.4. The impact analyzed is the core condition during the small break LOCA consisting of the mixture level occurrence and the fuel cladding temperature transient. The results show that the mixture level for all small break LOCA events are above the active core height, which indicates no core uncovery event. The development of the mixture level affect the fuel cladding temperature transient, which shows a decreasingly trend after the break, and the effectifeness of core cooling. Those results are identical with the results of other code of NOTRUMP. The resulted core cooling is also due to the function of coolant injection from passive safety feature, which is unique in the AP1000 design. In overall, the result of analysis shows that the AP1000 model developed by the RELAP5 can be used for analysis of design basis accident considered in the AP1000 advanced power reactor. parameter of the shielding was determined iteratively using MCNPX program.In the final stage, an analysis of the dose rate distributions in the whole space inside and outside the reactor building was conducted also using MCNPX program.The results show that the height of the water surface is 1000 cm and the combination of heavy concrete thickness of 90 cm and ordinary concrete thickness of 60 cm can be used as an biological shield.This design can reduce the dose rate to 0.05 µ Sv/h in the Operations Room and Experiments Room as well as outside the reactor building to 4.2 µ Sv/h and 0.03 µ Sv/h during reactor operation.The results also suggest that the installation of additional radiation shield of 280 cm thickness within 300 cm in front of the open radial neutron beam tube can reduce gamma and neutron dose rate to 3.3 µ Sv/h and 3,1x10 - 11 µ Sv/h.The results of this study indicate that the design of the radiation shield can reduce radiation to meet the safety limits set by BAPETEN for personnel and surrounding communities.


The relationship between business operations and business environments has become a significant subject. The level of relationship through both internal and external environments of the business in since of operation requires a justification of interrelationships so that business objectives appropriate to the available resources and market conditions can be established. This study is a broad assessment of the relationship between business operation and information systems through the ERP at 'Y' bank. Operation is considered one of the core activities at 'Y'. Therefore, realising and understanding the benefits of ERP can enhance its adoption. In this study, the researchers employ a qualitative method, presenting the literature on ERP and utilising a case study approach to understand the how and why of using ERP at 'Y'. This study discusses the benefits and factors for ERP adoption. The results show that there are strong relationships between ERP adoption and needs for integration at an operational level within 'Y'.


A method of designing a hypersonic vehicle includes selecting a shock shape; tracing a leading edge along the shock shape; selecting a base plane defining endpoints of the leading edge and rearwardly displaced from a front of the leading edge; and tracing stream surfaces back from the leading edge along the shock to the base plane in order to define an upper surface and a lower surface, wherein the upper and lower surfaces and base plane enclose a volume representing internal volume of the hypersonic vehicle. The lower stream surface is controllably morphable.


When families rely on public transport rather than automobiles for travel needs, they spend less of their disposable income on transport. The need to travel long distances outside their own communities is reduced when they shop, work, recreate, socialise and learn in an accessible local context. In light of the decrease in housing affordability and the anticipated increasing costs of fuel, the simple concepts underlying the application of Transit- Supportive Home Loan instruments such as the Location Efficient Mortgage (LEM) could well be an initiative which could allow entry into the housing market by those who otherwise would not be able to afford to purchase a home and would also reduce reliance on the motor vehicle and reliance on non-renewable fuels. LEMs are seen in the United States as a way to encourage public transport use and compact development, increase home ownership opportunities for low- and moderateincome families, support local neighbourhood businesses and discourage excessive auto-use and urban fringe development. A number of financial institutions in the US are also supportive of LEMs because they are consistent with community lending criteria and expose a broader range of income levels to the housing market. This paper provides an outline of the existing transit-supportive home loan arrangements available in the US and investigates success of implementation. Finally, it assesses the potential application of these lending mechanisms in Australia and their potential impacts on accessibility, urban form, housing affordability and the use of the private motor vehicle with a focus on policy initiatives which would be required to implement them.


This paper describes a visual head pose estimation algorithm for fast intent recognition. The context for which this solution is intended is that of wheelchair bound individuals whose intention of interest is the direction they wish the wheelchair to take. The contribution of this paper is to supplement earlier work [1] with a Bayesian approach and a brute force extrapolation algorithm that use a fewer number of frames consequently providing a faster recognition. Results show that the Bayesian approach displays the best results from 15 to 5 frames. However below 5 frames the proposed brute force extrapolation scheme displays better results, and both display better results than using the earlier classification method [1]. This paper describes work in progress for which the next step is real time implementation. The solution intends to provide a contribution to the realisation of an enabled environment allowing people with severe disabilities and the elderly to be more independent and active in society.


In this paper, we focus on the issue of the m-closest keywords (mCK) query over spatial data in the Web. The mCK query is a problem to find the optimal set of records in the sense that they are the spatially-closest records that satisfy m user-given keywords. The mCK query was proposed by Zhang et al[1]. They assumed a specialized R*-tree to store all records and proposed an Apriori-based enumeration of MBR-combinations. However, this assumption of the prepared R*-tree is not always applicable; Twitter or Flickr provides only records having position information without any prepared data-partitioning. Many services like Google Maps only provide grid partitioning at most. Thus, in this paper, we do not expect any prepared data-partitioning, but assume that we create a grid partitioning from necessary data only when an mCK query is given. Under this assumption, we propose a new search-strategy termed Diameter Candidate Check (DCC), and show that DCC can efficiently find a better set of grid-cells at an earlier stage of search, thereby reducing search space greatly.


In the 13th five-year planning, the pumped storage power stations have speeding up. A large number of pumped storage power stations will been installed. The current development of modern pump storage plants aims towards a higher flexibility and stability in operation, an extended operation range of the hydraulic machine. The stability of pump turbine has been paid more and more attention in the industry. Hydraulic pressure pulsation is very important for the stability of pump turbine. For pump turbine, the pressure pulsation on vane-less area between guide vane and runner blade is very important. It is the fundamental source of unit stability and the direct embodiment of rotational and static interference. This paper analyses the special pressure pulsation in the vane-less area of pump turbine, focusing on the pressure pulsation of one time rotating frequency and two times rotating frequency. The amplitude and frequency of pressure pulsation and the source of pressure pulsation induced by this special frequency are analysed and detected from the perspective of numerical and model test. By optimizing the design of the runner, the pressure pulsation of that particular frequency is eliminated.


Ecology emerged only recently as a distinct science (Odum 1977) in academic institutions and in the professional marketplace. During the past decade, concerted efforts to apply ecological concepts to environmental assessment and natural resource management have increased significantly. We believe the destiny of our natural resources and the maintenance of environmental quality are dependent upon the inclusion of ecological principles in the decisionmaking process of society at large. Ecological concepts will not be included in environmental or natural resource planning unless ecologists compete successfully with environmental scientists and engineers for ecological positions in government, business, and industry, for this is where many of the important decisions take place. The objectives of this report are to assess manpower needs and availability in ecology and to examine the relevance of academic curricula to employment opportunities and requirements. Academic institutions are no longer the major employers of ecologists. The majority of career positions are in government, industry, and business. The research of ecologists who are employed in academia is supported primarily by grants and contracts with government agencies, industry, and business. Unless ecologists graduate from curricula that include problem-solving experiences, they will be at a distinct disadvantage when competing with environmental scientists and engineers for research support as well as for employment. In an effort to obtain information concerning ecology degree programs and the


The study was designed to confirm complement system activation in vivo in man after intravenous injection of contrast media for brain CT scan enhancement. Four currently available components were tested: Clq, C3 activator, C3c, and C4 after intravenous injection of seven different contrast media: diatrizoate, metrizoate, iothalamate, ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, metrizamide, iopamidol. The complement system was indeed activated by certain control media, but no correlation with clinical reactions or with hypertonicity, ionic or nonionic formulation, or protein binding could be found. However, a correlation was found to some extent between the lipid solubility and the activity on the complement system. Addition of calcium salts definitely inhibited the complement system activation induced by metrizoate and ioxaglate.


The paper chooses The Golden Pot of E.T.A. Hoffmann, one of the most importantwriters in the latest time of German Romance, as a study object to analyze the ambivalence of themain character. With the analyzing of the ambivalence the paper aims to study the close relationbetween an ideal world and a real world and explore the important characteristic in this fairy tale,that is its adherence to the reality in spite of imagination, fantasy and mystery.


The resonance positions and total and partial widths of some 2s+1L° doubly excited autoionizing states of helium-like oxygen ions O6+ converging on n = 3 and n = 4 hydrogenic thresholds are reported for L = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The calculation was made in the framework of the diagonalisation method approximation in the LS coupling scheme. The partial widths for multi-channel autoionizing levels to sublevels of O7+ were calculated by neglecting the direct coupling between the open channels.


Possible immunisation failures with a type of meningococcal group C vaccine that requires reconstituting the vaccine with a solvent are discussed. (non-author abstract)


Dielectric properties of the relaxor films are theoretically investigated with the Monte Carlo simulation. We find that the size effect on the dielectric susceptibility of films is neglectable while the influence of the surface layer of the film is overlooked. On the contrary, while the surface layer is explicitly considered, we observe a systematic increase of Tm (the temperature at which the dielectric susceptibility reaches the maximum) and a systematic decrease of the maximum dielectric susceptibility as the film thickness decreases. An additional broadening of the transition region around Tm and the frequency dispersion of the dielectric susceptibility above Tm are also observed. The mechanism responsible for these phenomena is presented.


A variety of advanced structural ceramics were treated in air at 1000C for 500 hours with and without various amounts of sodium sulfate. Room temperature flexure strength was determined before and after treatments. Results show that Ce-=TZP and alumina are resistant to strength degradation after exposure to sodium sulfate, however Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and, to a lesser degree, Y-TZP are not. The Y-TZP had a strength loss of 25% after 500 hours at 1000C with 10 to 20 sq cm of Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. This loss is about 10% greater than that experienced by specimens when treated at 1000C for 500 hours without sodium sulfate present, and is probably due to the leaching of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} from the zirconia which allows the tetragonal zirconia to transform to the monoclinic phase. Under similar conditions, the silicon nitride experienced a loss of 655 when sodium sulfate was added. This strength loss is 25% greater than the loss after thermal exposure in the absence of sodium sulfate. The additional strength loss here is due to the formation of larger corrosion pits.


PURPOSE
Performing pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) with the Delta4 system (ScandiDos Inc., Madison, WI) is well established for linac-based radiotherapy. This is not true when using a Cyberknife (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) where, typically film-based QA is applied. The goal of this work was to test the feasibility to use the Delta4 system for pre-treatment QA for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using a Cyberknife-M6 equipped with the InCise2 multileaf collimator (MLC).

METHODS
In order to perform measurements without accelerator pulse signal, the Tomotherapy option within the Delta4 software was used. Absolute calibration of the Delta4 phantom was performed using a 10×10 cm2 field shaped by the InCise2 MLC of the Cyberknife-M6. Five fiducials were attached to the Delta4 phantom in order to be able to track the phantom before and during measurements. For eight SBRT treatment plans (two liver, two prostate, one lung, three bone metastases) additional verification plans were recalculated on the Delta4 phantom using MultiPlan. Dicom data was exported from MultiPlan and was adapted in order to be compatible with the Delta4 software. The measured and calculated dose distributions were compared using the gamma analysis of the Delta4 system.

RESULTS
All eight SBRT plans were successfully measured with the aid of the Delta4 system. In the mean, 98.0±1.9%, 95.8±4.1% and 88.40±11.4% of measured dose points passed the gamma analysis using a global dose deviation criterion of 3% (100% corresponds to the dose maximum) and a distance-to-agreement criterion of 3 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm, respectively, and a threshold of 20%.

CONCLUSION
Pre-treatment QA of SBRT plans using the Delta4 system on a Cyberknife-M6 is feasible. Measured dose distributions of SBRT plans showed clinically acceptable agreement with the corresponding calculated dose distributions.


The summary: Is organized examination 82 boys at age 7-12 years, having surplus mass of the body, living in Rostov-on-Don and Rostovskoy area. Depending on the forms of the obesity patients were divided into two main groups. 37 Boys entered In I group with primary (constitutional, KEO) by obesity, II group has formed 45 patients with secondary (hypotalamic) by obesity. The frequency component metabolic syndrome the most significant childrenns in group with secondary obesity. It is installed that in 65,8% events beside our patient existed the breaches brain haemodynamic, which were charaterized by the reduction to velocities haemodynamic and increasing of the index resistance, mainly in average brain, back brain, vertebral and basilaris artery.


More than 200 exploration Wells have been drilled in the Northern North Sea (60°-62°N), and about 50% of the total acreage has been awarded. In a mature oil province new discoveries (as opposed to appraisals) will be based on new play concepts, probably within alternative or multiple stratigraphic levels. In the Northern North Sea this includes deep Middle Jurassic reservoirs buried to more than 4 km and Upper Jurassic to Tertiary reservoirs where the sand distribution and quality is just beginning to be understood. Since the economic potential is small compared to the risk of the prospects it is very important to have an updated geological model of high quality.


Objective To analyse clinical efficacy comparatively underwent total gastrectomy jejunal digestive tract reconstruction surgery three cavities on behalf of the stomach and esophagus jejunum Roux-Y anastomosis.Methods 108 cases of total gastrectomy patient data from 1999 to 2009 in our hospital were reviewed,digestive tract reconstruction on behalf of sub-three-chamber stomach and jejunum surgery group(65 cases)and Roux-Y jejunal esophageal anastomosis group(43 cases).The incidence of postoperative complications,hospital stay,gastric emptying time,nutritional status of two groups were compared.Results Jejunum with a three-cavity generation of anti-reflux surgery stomach,simulated stomach storage,promote absorption,etc.,long-term follow-up of patients significantly improved quality of life.Conclusion Jejunum three-cavity generation of gastric surgery is more similar to human physiological structure,fewer complications,and it is worthy of clinical application.


OBJECTIVE
to analyze how homeless people live, in times of COVID-19 pandemic, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

METHOD
an ethnographic research that used interviews and observations and articles published in newspapers and magazines of great circulation, using domain analysis.

RESULTS
the results tell how the COVID-19 pandemic emerged for the homeless population. Isolation led to emptying the streets and reducing passers-by, damaging their ways of living and their survival tactics. Hunger, thirst, absence of places for bathing and for fulfilling physiological needs became part of their daily lives.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
given the impossibility of having a place to shelter, acquiring food and water and the limitations in carrying out preventive measures, care actions offered by managers to limit the virus to spread, even in this population, are ineffective.


PURPOSE: A multilayer metal wiring forming method of a semiconductor device is to achieve a high integration and a miniaturization of a device by narrowing an interval between a lower metal wiring and an upper metal wiring. CONSTITUTION: An etch stop film(23) is formed on the substrate including the lower metal wiring, after forming a lower metal wiring(22) on a substrate(21). A first interlayer insulating film is then provided with a plurality of dual damascene patterns consisting of a trench and a via contact hole. The first interlayer insulating film is then formed on the etching stopper. After forming a barrier metal layer and a metal layer on the first interlayer insulating film including the dual damascene patterns, a plurality of upper metal wiring(290) connected to the lower metal wiring is formed through the via contact hole by performing a chemical machine polishing. The first interlayer insulating film is then removed, and an insulating film with an air gap(31) formed between the upper metal wiring is formed on the resultant material. Finally, a second interlayer insulating film(300) is formed to electrically separate the lower metal wiring and the upper metal wiring.


Motorcyclists contributed almost 60% of the fatal accidents in Malaysia. One of the effective engineering approaches to tackle this problem is by segregating these vulnerable road users from other motorized traffic through the provision of an exclusive motorcycle lane. At present there are no specific standards that are available to assess design criteria of exclusive motorcycle lanes. However, it is important to specify optimum control width for exclusive motorcycle lanes to ensure that the design of exclusive motorcycle lane is safe for all motorcycle riders. The estimation of safe control motorcycle lane width was based on a logistic regression. The dependent variable is status with respect to rider comfortable level in overtaking maneuver. The resulting analysis was used to suggest a safe control width of pavement for a straight section of an exclusive motorcycle lane. Result indicates that the safe control width of exclusive motorcycle lane should be 3.81 meters.


Industrial manipulators are under various limitations against high quality motion control, for example friction and dynamic uncertainties, and simple control structure. A robust linear PID motion controller, called the reference error feedback, is proposed, which solves the nonlinear L/sub 2/-gain attenuation control problem. Making use of the fact that the single parameter L/sub 2/-gain /spl gamma/ controls the performance and robustness, we propose a simple and stable method of tuning the controller called the "square law". The analytical results are verified through experiments of six degrees of freedom industrial manipulator.


The average channel capacity and the SINR distribution for multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems in combination with the base station based packet scheduler are analyzed in this paper. The packet scheduler is used to exploit the available multiuser diversity in all the three physical domains (i.e., space, time and frequency). The analysis model is based on the generalized 3GPP LTE downlink transmission for which two spatial division multiplexing (SDM) multiuser MIMO schemes are investigated: single user (SU) and multiuser (MU) MIMO schemes. The main contribution of this paper is the establishment of a mathematical model for the SINR distribution and the average channel capacity for multiuser SDM MIMO systems with frequency domain packet scheduler, which provides a theoretical reference for the future version of the LTE standard and a useful source of information for the practical implementation of the LTE systems.


In the present paper,11 variables of mandibles of adult mice from three strains were measured.The mice involved were KM 43(♂16,♀27),ICR 20(♂10,♀10),BALB/c 20(♂10,10) respectively.The variables of mandibles were analyzed by Use Stepwise Method of SPSS 11.0 for Windows.These variables were used to establish fisher's and Baye's discriminant functions to distinguish sexual dimorphism among the three strains.The results of original grouped cases and cross-validated grouped cases suggest: sexual dimorphism is different among the three strains.There are apparent values in practice of discriminant functions for sexual dimorphism.


A proper understanding of a nation's identity over time requires tracing how a modern sense of belonging can derive from the symbolic reservoir of society and how cultural symbols can change their meaning in history. This research agenda becomes significantly more challenging when it involves a national group's experience across hundreds of years from the early modern period to the present. Such is the task of Smith's Germany: A Nation and Its Time in its attempt to tell the story of nation and nationalism in Germany from 1500 to 2000.


There is a lot to recommend in this interdisciplinary monograph, with its goal of formulating a time-space framework that connectsgeological andbiologicalprocesses and human activity to the presence of coastal archaeological sites. Its significance goes beyondacontribution to theHolocenegeomorphic evolution and geoarchaeology of the North American Great Lakes. This work addresses a basic and important question: What determines the patterns of variability observed in the archaeological record, human behavior, or natural taphonomic processes? The authors have succeeded in demonstrating the value of integrating a thorough understanding of landscape processes with the patterns of variability in the archaeological record. Along the western coastline of Michigan are dunes that in some cases contain artifacts. This study examines the evolution of Lake Michigan coastal dunes, their age and