Background: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are major complications of very premature birth. Respiratory function monitoring has shown expired tidal volumes (VTe) and end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) levels are very variable during the resuscitation. Aims and objectives: To test the hypothesis that prematurely born infants who developed an IVH or BPD had high VTe (>6mls/kg) and/or low ETCO 2 levels during resuscitation and stabilisation in the labour suite. Methods: Infants with a gestational age 2 levels were simultaneously recorded using a respiratory function monitor. Results: 80 infants had respiratory monitoring: 36 developed an IVH and 34 BPD. VTe and ETCO 2 levels from 34,8208 inflations were assessed. Those who developed an IVH compared to those who had no IVH had a greater number of inflations with a high VTe (p 0.001) and a low ETCO 2 (p 0.01). Minute ventilation (p 0.001) and respiratory rate (p 0.001) were greater in the IVH group. All results were significant after correcting for differences in gestational age and birth weight between groups. The IVH group had higher arterial CO 2 levels (median of 6.2 (3-10) vs 5.3 (4.3-8) kPa (p 0.01)) on NICU arrival. There were similar trends in "BPD" infants, but the differences were of lower significance (p Conclusions: Routine respiratory function monitoring the labour suite might reduce variability in resuscitation and improve outcomes of prematurely born infants.


This paper designs a method based on the dependency syntax and point mutual information to extract the field emotional words. Taking the topic of the ASEAN field as an example, based on this method, the emotional dictionary of the field is automatically constructed. Since the "One Belt, One Road" initiative was put forward, ASEAN has become more and more close to China and has penetrated into all aspects of life. People are paying more and more attention to some policy measures related to China-ASEAN, including Chinese group. However, the existing open source sentiment dictionary lacks automatic expansion function, and due to the overseas Chinese language habits associated with accept bilingual education-the use of Chinese traditional language form, and use English grammar structure-lead to emotional dictionary construction is flawed, and the accuracy of emotional unit extraction is low. This paper uses the crawler system to crawl the comments on the ASEAN topic as a corpus, based on the syntax dependency, define the word pair recognition rules, extract the candidate sentiment word units, and calculate the PMI values of the candidate sentiment words and the known sentiment lexicon, and set the valve. Set the threshold and extract word pairs larger than the threshold, to determine the polarity of the emotional words, and build an ASEAN topic domain sentiment dictionary. The simulation results show that the accuracy, recall and F values of the sentiment words in this paper are higher than those of PMIIR and word2Vec. The Ngram-PMI algorithm is an effective method for extracting sentiment words, which can provide support for extracting specific sentiment words in multiple fields.


The present invention, metastatic malignant melanoma as well, but are not limited to, lymphomas, sarcomas, carcinomas, and glioma for other cancers, including the general formula (I) and formula ( triazene analogs of II), their tautomeric forms, stereoisomers, polymorphs, hydrates, solvates, and discloses a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention further provides the triazene analogs of formula (I) and Formula (II), as well as preparation of their pharmaceutically acceptable compositions disclosed. .The 10


In a recent examination of a considerable suite of specimens from the Western Interior of the United States belonging to the Cretaceous ammoJ?.ite genus Placenticeras Me~k the writer made comparisons of the species from the Interior with those from the Cretaceous of the Pacific coast ordinarily designated Placenticeras pacijicum J. P. Smith, P. calijornicum Anderson, and P. sanctaemonicae Waring. · The two groups of species differ widely in their characteristics, though each is a fairly homogeneous assemblage in itself. It was the writer's intention to propose a new name for the group of P. pacijicum-indeed, one was proposed and in type, when the publication by Spath 1 of the name Metaplacenticeras met the need adequately, and that name is of course used here. Spath's name is based on the citation of Smith's original figure and a notation that Metaplacenticeras differs from Placenticeras in its falcoid ribbing and distinct suture line. Inasmuch as there has been some divergence of opinion as to the scope and probable derivation of the genus Placenticeras, based on the study by different writers of members of one or the other of the two groups, the writer has thought it worth while to record his observations and deductions and to give a fuller account of the new genus. Smith ta investigated the young stages of the species pacijicum and on the basis of his findings expressed the opinion that Placenticeras as represented by it was derived through ·noplites from Oosmoceras. He found the second, third, and fourth lobes of the adult suture to arise from the subdivision of the first lateral lobe of the primitive suture shown in the very early stages and the first lateral lobe of the adult to arise as a marginal lobe dividing the primitive first lateral saddle. Douville 2 had already placed the genus in the Hoplitidae on the basis of similarity of the early sutures to that of Hoplites, interpreting the first, second, and third lateral lobes of the adult Placenti-


These years mark the bloodiest of the conflict with the highest number of deaths. Priests, women religious, and the Irish Catholic hierarchy continued to find their voice in condemning violence and, in private moments, acted as mediators between the British government and republican paramilitary groups. However, ecumenical efforts between Protestant and Catholic Church leaders at this time remained limited. The English Catholic Church hierarchy began to publicly condemn republican paramilitaries as the IRA started to bomb England. The death of IRA member James McDade, after a bomb he planted in Coventry exploded prematurely, marked the first major schism between English and Irish Catholic Church doctrine and practice. This set a course of confusion over the Church stance on issues of suicide and excommunication that continued for the rest of the conflict.


An investigation entitled "Effect of potassium, zinc and FYM on content and uptake of micronutrients by forage maize (Zea mays L.) grown on loamy sand soil" was carried out during summer season of the year 2015 at B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand on loamy sand soil. The present pot trial consisting of 18 treatment combinations involving with three levels of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) and Zn (0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1) and two levels of FYM (0 and 10 t ha-1) were tried in FCRD with three replications. The experimental results revealed that the significantly maximum Zn content was recorded under zinc application of 20 kg ha-1 over the rest of treatments at 30 DAS and at harvest. In uptake study, application of K2O @ 60 kg ha-1, Zn @ 20 kg ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 recorded significantly the highest uptake of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by crop at harvest.


To acquire epidemical data of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from domestic animals in Chongqing and Three-gorges Reservoir Area and make clear the biochemical characteristic and the sensitivity to antibiotics of the isolated bacteria.1 473 rectal fecal samples were collected from six counties.The collected samples were cultured with shaking in mEC+n broth at 37℃ for 6 hours,and then the enriched cultures were cultivated on CT-SMAC plates at 37℃ for 18 hours.The suspicious bacteria grown on the plates were identified by serological testing,PCR spreading and microbiochemical reactions.The sensitivity to antibiotics of the isolated bacteria was tested,too.11 strains of Escherichia coli O157 were isolated from 1 473 rectal fecal samples and 7 of them are O157:H7s and the rest are O157:H?s.These strains exhibited certain degrees of drug resistance to penicillin,ampicillin,bacitracin,cefuroxine,erythromycin,gentamycin,tetracycline.This was the first completely investigation of domestic animals that as the reservoir of Escherichia coli O157. It may be of value for prevention of Escherichia coli O157 infection in Chongqing and Three-gorges Reservoir Area.


Department of Clinical Genetics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +44 0 116 258 7597; email@example.com On 25 September 2015, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust recruited its first family to the 100,000 Genomes Project. This project focuses on patients living in England with rare diseases and their families, and patients with cancer. Sequencing 100,000 genomes will enable scientists and doctors to understand more about specific conditions and how we treat them and will greatly enhance the genomic diagnostic capability in the NHS. Genomics England, a company owned by the Department of Health, is coordinating this work, while 11 NHS Genomic Medicine Centers (GMCs) have been established so far across England. The role of the NHS GMCs is to identify, recruit and consent patients, collect and process samples and capture and submit data through to the validation of the results, to enable clinicians to feed back information to patients and manage the treatment of individuals. University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust itself is part of the east of England NHS GMC. The primary aims of the project are: to bring benefit to NHS patients; to create an ethical and transparent program based on consent; to enable new scientific discovery and medical insights and to aid development of a UK genomics industry. This project has the potential to transform the future of healthcare, find conclusive diagnoses for rare diseases and revolutionize treatments. This review discusses familial breast cancer susceptibility, the aims, logistics and vision of the 100,000 Genomes Project and how the patients were recruited to the project [1].


The effects of two high-endophyte perennial ryegrass cultivars ('Aries HD' or 'Yatsyn 1') on the performance of lactating dairy cows were investigated during a two-year trial. Spring calved cows (Year 1, n = 359; Year 2, n = 570) were allocated to one of two herds. Herds grazed the cultivars as part of each grazing rotation from November to May for the 1997/98 and 1998/99 seasons. Milksolids production was higher (P 0.1) between herds. Significantly (P<0.001) more body condition (+0.8 of one body condition score) and more live weight (+17 kg) was gained by cows grazing Aries HD during Year 2. Interval from start of mating to predicted conception tended to be longer for cows grazing Yatsyn 1 (+ 6 days) during Year 1 (P = 0.06). Significantly different cow performance from ryegrass cultivars that produce similar yields of dry matter may be due partly to differences in forage quality and endophyte toxins. Aries HD tended to be more digestible than Yatsyn 1 and was associated with lower concentrations of ergovaline, an alkaloid produced by Neotyphodium endophytes that has been associated previously with reduced animal performance.


Measurement plays a very important role in the research. Failure of a researcher to understand the theory and concepts can lead to failure to formulate indicators and measurement parameter intends to do. The concept of family functioning has many dimensions, so an understanding of the theories and concepts correctly it can lead researcher in measuring and ultimately may produce results that can be scientific accountability.


Summary: The mosses of the Wadden Sea islands Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog and Zuiderduin (the Netherlands, province of Groningen) Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduin are three small barrier islands in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea. Rottumerplaat is the largest and is still becoming larger. It is relatively young and came into existence as a sandbank in the nineteenth century. Since 1950, it can be considered a true island. Rottumeroog is the oldest one. Since the sixteenth century, it is moving eastwards and, simultaneously, it is becoming smaller. Zuiderduin is the smallest and the youngest of the islands. Since it separated from Rottumeroog in c. 1930, it is rapidly moving southeastwards. In 1999, an inventory was made of the bryoflora of these islands as part of a monitoring project of the island flora, which since 1996 is carried out by Staatsbosbeheer regio Groningen - Drenthe. This paper presents the recent findings and is supplemented with a historic overview of earlier records of bryophytes for Rottumerplaat and Rottumeroog; the bryoflora of Zuiderduin was previously unknown. The invent ory resulted in a list of 34 bryophyte species on Rottumerplaat, 24 species on Rottumeroog, and 8 species on Zuiderduin. During the last c. 25 years, the number of species on Rottumerplaat has increased by 12 species, whereas the number of species on Rottumeroog has decreased by 16 species. The most interesting new species on Rottumerplaat are Dicranum scoparium, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Homalothecium lutescens and Orthotrichum cupulatum (1 tiny specimen; new for the Dutch Wadden Sea-area). D. scoparium is also new for Rottumeroog. R. triquetrus wasfound on this island in 1869 and has never been found since until 1999. The bryologically most interesting site on Rottumeroog ("tuin van Toxopeus") has disappeared by floods in 1998–1999 together with, amongst others, the rare species Moerckia hibernica en Bryum calophyllum. .


The influence of various thermal treatment steps on the morphology and the photoconductive properties of a non‐contacted, 50 nm thick blend (50:50 wt.‐%) of [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) spin‐coated from chloroform has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the electrodeless time‐resolved microwave conductivity technique. After annealing the film for 5 min at 80 °C, TEM images show the formation of crystalline fibrils of P3HT due to a more ordered packing of the polymer chains. The thermal treatment results in a large increase of the photoconductivity, due to an enhancement of the hole mobility in these crystalline P3HT domains from 0.0056 cm2 V–1 s –1 for the non‐annealed sample to 0.044 cm2 V–1 s –1 for the sample annealed at 80 °C. In contrast, the temporal shape of the photoconductivity, with typical decay half‐times, τ1/2, of 1 μs for the lowest excitation intensities, is unaffected by the temperature treatment. Further annealing of the sample at 130 °C results in the formation of three different substructures within the heterojunction: a PCBM:P3HT blend with PCBM‐rich clusters, a region depleted of PCBM, and large PCBM single crystals. Only a minor increase in the amplitude, but a tenfold rise of the decay time of the photoconductivity, is observed. This is explained by the formation of PCBM‐rich clusters and large PCBM single crystals, resulting in an increased diffusional escape probability for mobile charge carriers and hence reduced recombination.


Vertical distribution data were obtained for 47 species ofpelagic cephalopods off Oahu, Hawaii. Peaks in species richness occurred at 500-800 m during the day and in the upper 300 m at night. Over 80% of the individuals occurred in the upper 250 m at night. Approximately 60% of the species underwent diel vertical migration, and most of these migrated into the upper 250 m. In five of nine groups of closely related species, clear differences in habitat were found. Deepwaterspawning appeared to occur in a variety of cephalopods. Two of the bathypelagic octopods brooded their young at or above the upper limit of the remaining adult population. In doing so, the extent of the upward migration of newly hatched individuals was reduced. Photosensitive vesicles occurred in all species. These organs probably detect downwelling daylight for regulating vertical migration and counterillumination. The vesicles also appeared to form an elaborate system for monitoring bioluminescent light from the animal´s own photophores, from within the mantle cavity, and from other animals located outside the visual field.


Household surveys of small-scale fishing were conducted in Svay Ear and Srey Rangit villages in Kompong Thom Province, Cambodia. Data were collected from 104 of 183 households and 105 of 140 households in Svay Ear and Srey Rangit, respectively. In both villages, almost all households conducted rice cultivation and approximately 75% of them also conducted fishing. Three fishing groups: (i) inside lake; (ii) around lake; and (iii) around village were observed in both villages, according to their main fishing grounds. The inside lake group conduct fishing only in Tonle Sap Lake which is located 30 km away from the villages. The around lake group fish in lakes, marshes and flooded forests adjacent to Tonle Sap Lake, which are more than 5 km from the villages. The around village group collects fish from rice fields and ponds located inside the villages and also in some streams, rivers and lakes adjacent to the villages. The distance to the fishing grounds is less than 5 km from the villages. Most fishing groups were the inside and around lake groups, which occupied 76.0 and 65.7% of Svay Ear and Srey Rangit, respectively. These two groups produced 80.6 and 69.7% of the respective village annual total fish catches. These two groups sold a large portion of their fish catches. Although previous reports indicated that small-scale fishing is for subsistence, present results indicated that small-scale fishing was commercially conducted and fishing was important as an income source.


The backwardness of Sirukkungon Ajibata Village as one of the tourist villages in Toba Regency is the phenomenon behind this research. Sirukkungon village is a village located around Lake Toba, which is why the fish farm in Sirukkungon utilizes cages in Lake Toba. The majority of the residents of Sirukkungon Village are fishermen, fishermen with low economic levels. From the results of the initial survey, researchers found facts in the field that Sirukkungon Village is very rich in lake ecosystems that are still very natural, so there are lots of freshwater fish there. In addition, the natural conditions are very beautiful and beautiful to be the main attraction. However, as a tourist village, Sirukkungon is still very far behind compared to other villages. The condition of community resources that are classified as low, the mindset that is still closed and there is no role for technology makes this village left behind. It is hoped that the results of this study can answer the economic problems of Sirukkungon village through the application of the strategies offered. The research method used is descriptive qualitative using IFAS and EFAS matrices in SWOT analysis where the researcher is the research tool. The results of this study are technology-based IKM Empowerment has a high potential for success because villages have strengths and opportunities that are greater than weaknesses and threats.


Review-aware Rating Regression (RaRR) suffers the severe challenge of extreme data sparsity as the multi-modality interactions of ratings accompanied by reviews are costly to obtain. Though some studies of semi-supervised rating regression are proposed to mitigate the impact of sparse data, they bear the risk of learning from noisy pseudo-labelled data. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective paradigm, called co-training-teaching (CoT2), for integrating the merits of both co-training and co-teaching towards robust semi-supervised RaRR. CoT2 employs two predictors trained with different feature sets of textual reviews, each of which functions as both "labeler" and "validator". Specifically, one predictor (labeler) first labels unlabelled data for its peer predictor (validator); after that, the validator samples reliable instances from the noisy pseudo-labelled data it received and sends them back to the labeler for updating. By exchanging and validating pseudo-labelled instances, the two predictors are reinforced by each other in an iterative learning process. The final prediction is made by averaging the outputs of both the refined predictors. Extensive experiments show that our CoT2 considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art recommendation techniques in the RaRR task, especially when the training data is severely insufficient.


A three terminal, field effect silicon surface tunneling transistor (STT) is presented. The device incorporates lateral band-to-band tunneling as the current conduction process. This lateral band-to-band tunneling is controlled by the application of a gate bias. Two-dimensional computer simulations and experimental results verify the operation of the device. The drain current is found to vary exponentially with respect to both the drain voltage and gate voltage. The drain current's exponential relationship to the gate voltage may prove useful to signal detector type applications. Temperature dependence characteristics and switching performance for the device are also presented.


We present a detailed analysis of substrate bias (Vbb) impact on gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) for thin-BOX extremely thin silicon-on-insulator (ETSOI) with BOX thickness (TBOX) ranging from 10 to 50 nm and inversion layer thicknesses (TINV) ranging from 1.1 to 1.3 nm. The GIDL behavior for thin-BOX under various substrate biases (Vbb) and partially depleted SOI (PDSOI) devices with different body doping are compared.


Introduction: Acupuncture, a complementary and alternative medical therapy, has become a viable treatment option for patients in Western society during the last few decades. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze acupuncture and acupuncture-related therapies (ARTs) performed in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods: A 3-year retrospective review was performed on all inpatient and outpatient pediatric acupuncture services. Results: During the 3-year study period, 174 patients were seen 1090 times. The average patient age was 13.9 years. Patients were seen an average of 6.3 times. Of these encounters, 95.6% occurred in the clinic and 4.4% occurred in the hospital. Headache or migraine was the most common diagnosis. Acupuncture and ARTs performed included: 96% acupuncture body needling; 90% electroacupuncture; 49% laser therapy; 32% auricular acupuncture; and 27% moxibustion. Active pain was present in 72% of the patients encountered. The average pain score was 5.5 prior to intervention and 2.2 following treatment (P < 0.001). There were no improvements in pain scores for 8% of the patients with active pain, while 40% of patients achieved complete resolution of their pain. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: Acupuncture is a well-tolerated, safe, and effective resource for the pediatric population and is a viable option for pediatric pain management.


Ozone photochemistry and atmospheric temperature play dominant roles in setting the abundance of 18 O 18 O isotopologues (expressed as ∆ 36 ) of atmospheric oxygen (Yeung et al., 2016). The ECHAM/ MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model was used to simulate the abundance of 18 O 18 O in the global atmosphere (Gromov et al., 2010; Jöckel et al., 2016). Atmospheric transport and kinetic chemistry of ∆ 36 are explicitly modelled, i.e. with the rate of O+O 2 isotope equilibration towards the value expected for thermodynamic equilibrium being de-pendent on simulated O( 3 P) and temperature distributions. Additionally, equilibration temperature and pressure are recorded and used to diagnose the influence of transport on the distribution of ∆ 36 . The average equilibration temperatures for different atmospheric compartments (troposphere, tropopause, lowermost stratosphere and stratosphere) agree with the temperatures inferred from the simulated ∆ 36 distributions and the theoretical temperature vs. ∆ 36 relation, confirming the consistency of the modelling framework. We find that in the present atmosphere, approximately 60% of tropospheric O 2 re-equilibrates in the upper troposphere, whereas 40% of the clumped isotope signature reflects equilibration conditions the lower stratosphere. The temporal evolution of ∆ 36 and its sensitivity to temperature and ozone photochemistry in the stratosphere and troposphere were analysed for the period 1960 to 2010. Over this time period, the model predicts a


The purpose of the study was to understand the development processes of the critical thinking skills of secondary school students and to reveal the dimensions of critical thinking from their perspectives. The data in the study, which was designed according to the case study model of qualitative research, were collected from the students through the open-ended questions form and student diaries. However, the data were collected from their teachers through opinion forms. The study used informative and fictitious texts, which included discussion elements of current issues, prepared by the researcher. The secondary school students described critical thinking skills as identifying arguments, developing counter-arguments, thinking skills, and objectivity. They also drew attention to careful reading and listening in addition to the themes they created on the critical thinking skills of the individuals who are critical while reading or listening. The students also stated that the critical thinking skills course allows them to acquire critical perspectives, generate ideas, and identify the arguments presented. They maintained that critical thinking helps them protect themselves from external threats and enable them to make the right decisions. In addition, critical thinking contributed to their success in the other courses by improving their understanding and developing their questioning skills. The study concluded that the critical thinking skills course has a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills. In this context, the course of critical thinking skills, which is an optional one, was recommended to be taught as a compulsory course.


Comparative studies have not been made of the peripheral vascular effects of halothane and isoflurane in children. Using a water‐filled venous occlusion plethysmograph, measurements of forearm blood flow were made in 2 groups of 19 children exposed to increasing concentrations of these 2 agents. Halothane and isoflurane caused comparable and dose dependent increases in forearm blood flow and reductions in peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressure. These findings suggest that, in younger children, reductions in peripheral vascular resistance are partly responsible for decreases in arterial pressure when lower concentrations of these agents are used.


Thank you for reading understanding elementary algeb ra. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this understanding elementary algeb ra, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. understanding elementary algeb ra is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the understanding elementary algeb ra is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Lowering the energy consumption in applications operating on large datasets is one of the main challenges in modern computing. In this context, it is especially important to lower the energy required to transfer data from/to the memory. Usually, this is obtained by applying smart encoding techniques to the data. In this work, we show how to reduce the switching activity in buses and floating-point units by an approximated canonical signed-digit encoder. The precision of the encoding is programmable and can be chosen depending on the application's required accuracy.


Large Helical Device (LHD) is one of the world largest superconducting fusion experiment devices, having demonstrated its inherent advantage for steady-state operation since the start of experiments in 1998. LHD has also demonstrated reliable operation of the large-scale superconducting magnet system for almost two decades. Development of the challenging heating systems, such as negative-ion-based neutral beam injection (NBI), high-power and high-frequency electron cyclotron heating, and steady-state ion cyclotron heating, have led to wide-ranging physics and engineering achievements. LHD has progressed to the next stage, that is, the deuterium experiment starting in March 2017, which should further extend plasma parameters toward reactor-relevant regime. For establishing firm basis for designing steady-state helical fusion reactor, advanced physics research, such as on isotope effect, energetic particle confinement, and plasma–wall interaction, will be intensively performed in the deuterium experiments. In an engineering aspect, the upgrade of NBI system has been carried out in preparation to the deuterium experiment, and it should contribute to future NBI development for fusion reactors including ITER. For enhancement of the particle control, the closed divertor system has been installed with pumping capability. Diagnostics for neutron measurements are newly developed and installed for the deuterium experiment. Aligned with all the progress of LHD project in terms of engineering and physics aspects, the conceptual design activity of the LHD-type helical fusion reactor, FFHR-d1, has been programmatically conducted. In parallel to the design study, engineering research and development for the component development have been performed, including those based on employing challenging ideas such as high-temperature superconductor, liquid metal ergodic divertor, and molten-salt breeder blanket. The present status of LHD project entering the deuterium experiment phase is overviewed with putting emphasis on the engineering aspects, and then the engineering research and development activities toward steady-state helical fusion reactor are described.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: new Ul-structures of multiplexing are provided to support existing systems. The system 16m of spacing mode may be multiplexed with the system 16e in the PUSC mode using the FDM method with the same fragments of shift rules. The system 16m may be multiplexed with the system 16e in the AMC mode using the method FDM and/or TDM. Time duration of multiplexed packets of PUSC 16e and/or 16m packets may be extended to more than two subframes for the UL coverage area. PRU for the system 16m may consist of 16 subcarriers on 6 OFDMA-symbols, 18 subcarriers on 6 OFDMA-symbols or 20 subcarriers on 6 OFDMA-symbols during usage of FDM. EFFECT: provision of multiplexing structures with optimal working characteristics. 26 cl, 26 dwg


The objective of this study was to investigate the level of English preparation class students' WTC in English, their self-efficacy perceptions, and their linguistic self-confidence. This study also aimed to explore the possible correlation among these variables. Eighty-four Turkish EFL learners studying at compulsory English preparatory classes at Yozgat Bozok University in Turkey participated in the study. A mixed-method research design was adopted. The quantitative data were collected through 4 five-point Likert-type scales: the WTC scale, the Communication Anxiety Scale, and the Perceived Communication Competence Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. The qualitative data involved semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 of the students. Both qualitative and quantitative data revealed that students were somewhat willing to communicate, they perceived themselves somewhat confident in English, they did not experience much communication anxiety, and they had a medium level of perceived self-efficacy in English. Correlation analyses showed that there was a negative relationship between communication anxiety and other three affective variables, namely, perceived communication competence, willingness to communicate and self-efficacy. The findings further revealed a positive relationship between students' willingness to communicate and other variables such as their perceived communication competence, self-efficacy, and linguistic self-confidence. A positive relationship was also observed between students' self-efficacy and their perceived communication competence and linguistic self-confidence. The implications of the study were discussed and some recommendations for further studies were made.


This paper presents an algorithm for generating terrain section line on TIN DTM based on the algorithm on Grid DTM. It makes full use of the topology relation among triangles in TIN to search triangles intersected with the section line, which increases the efficiency of the algorithm. It can also be adapted to massive multi - resolution TIN data since the simplified TIN still keeps the topology relation.


One essential problem related to instrumented indentation is the effect of pileup, which could introduce significant errors on the measured hardness and elastic modulus. In this work, we have assessed some critical issues associated with instrumented indentation by means of numerical simulation. Dimensional analysis is adopted to acquire the principal governing parameters of the process, such as the ratio of yield strength to elastic modulus and the ratio of indentation depth to maximum penetration depth . The dimensional analysis provides a general understanding on the relationships among these dimensionless variables and their influence on the test results. Three kinds of indenters, that is, conical, Berkovich, and Vickers indenter, are comparatively studied. The dependence of pileup on the dimensionless parameters and its effect on the simulation results are also given. These findings are instructive for measuring the mechanical properties by instrumented indentation, especially when the effect of pileup is involved.


Workplace violence is a serious issue in health care with international surveys revealing disproportionate involvement in certain professional groups, for example, ambulance staff, nurse and student nurses, or settings, for example, mental health and learning disability, elderly care, and A&E units.

Staff training is widely advocated as the appropriate organisational response but there are relatively few published evaluations, and so much remains unknown about training effects or effectiveness. Many published studies are flawed by use of small samples, poor control of extraneous, organisational variables, absence of pre-test or follow-up data, limited range of measures, and weak statistical analysis. This study examined an existing training programme for student nurses whilst attempting to avoid the limitations identified above.

The effects of training on a number of learning domains, for example, knowledge, self confidence, beliefs and attitudes, and self –assessed skills was investigated using a repeated measures, variable baseline research design, in conjunction with a model of learning. The likelihood of student nurses involvement in violent incidents, and the power/ease of use of different change evaluation methods were also investigated.

Repeated administration of a purpose -designed questionnaire at four time points to three consecutive cohorts of student nurses [N=243] provided information about pre-training stability, possible changes on immediate training completion, and at three-months follow-up, after two clinical placements.

Statistical analysis revealed the Unit to have generally desirable effects on learning domains that were still detectable at three-month follow-up. It also highlighted differential involvement in violent incidents based on placement type, and important differences between evaluation methods in terms of ease of use.


The results of development and experimental research of Ka-band waveguide reflective Faraday phase shifter are presented. The latching phase shifter built on the non-metalized square ferrite rod is characterized by high speed and low power consumption. Optimization was carried out with the use of electrodynamic models based on finite element method.


Introduction: Red-edge remote sensing has applications in vegetation analysis as well as extraterrestrial applications. This is particularly relevant to Moon, Mars and asteroid exploration, where minerals exhibiting red-edge spectral phenomenology have been identified. Recent processor and sensor availability have created the possibility of development of low-cost sensors able to return useful scientific results. This work focusses on the utility of low-cost sensors for deep space red-edge detection applications and reports on initial tests in near-space environments. In order to identify the most useful low-cost, rededge imager design from the diverse range of potential solutions, a tailored trade space was developed from which suitable sensors could be chosen [1]. The trade space was developed in the context of using the chosen sensor in a low-cost hyperspectral instrument suitable for deep space applications and STEM research. COVID-19 restrictions severely impacted budget and access to manufacturing, so a weighted approach was used in the trade study [2,3]. This comprised creating a normalised sum of all attributes considered to detrimental to utility according to the following formula:


Simulations of climate, including atmospheric chemistry and carbon cycle, are conducted for the period from 1850 through 2100 with a new earth system model (ESM) of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), MRI-ESM1. This model has been developed as an extension of the atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model, MRI-CGCM3, by adding chemical and biogeochemical processes. The dynamic and thermodynamic processes are entirely the same in both models. The horizontal resolution of MRI-ESM1 is higher than that of the ozone model that handles chemical processes which require high computational cost. In the control experiment, it is confirmed that the climatic drift of the model is insignificant with regard to surface air temperature (SAT), the radiation budget, and trace gas (carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone) concentrations. Compared with a control experiment by MRI-CGCM3, SAT is slightly higher because of a higher tropospheric ozone concentration. The performance of MRI-ESM1 is validated by conducting a historical experiment. Overall, MRI-ESM1 simulates well observed historical changes in SAT and trace gas concentrations. However, increases in the SAT and atmospheric CO2 concentration are underestimated, associated with a positive feedback process through soil respiration. Namely the underestimation of atmospheric CO2 increase causes weak SAT rise which makes soil respiration inactive, and then the excess of net land surface CO2 uptake suppresses increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. The simulated present-day climate states of SAT, radiation fluxes, precipitation, and trace gas concentrations are also in good agreement with observations although there are errors of radiations, precipitation, and ozone concentration especially over the southern tropical Pacific in the simulation. These errors appear to be originated from the excess of convective activity: so-called double ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone). Both MRIESM1 and MRI-CGCM3 are similarly able to reproduce the present-day climatology. In future projections, the global mean SAT rise at the end of the 21st century relative to the pre-industrial era is 3.4°C in the experiment using the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) by MRI-ESM1, whereas it is 4.0°C in the MRI-CGCM3 experiment. The atmospheric CO2 concentration projected by MRI-ESM1 for the end of the 21st century is about 800 ppm, which is lower by 130 ppm than that prescribed in the RCP8.5 experiment with MRI-CGCM3. This difference is consistent with the above-mentioned difference in the SAT rise between MRI-ESM1 and MRI-CGCM3. The global mean total column ozone increases by about 25 DU during the period from 2000 to 2100, which is comparable to that prescribed in the experiment with MRI-CGCM3. It is also investigated how aerosols simulated with a newly introduced aerosol-chemistry process influence weak SAT rise at the end of the 20th century in MRI-ESM1. Corresponding address: Yukimasa Adachi Climate Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Japan. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2013 by the Japan Meteorological Agency / Meteorological Research Institute Adachi, Y. et al. Vol. 64 2


Abstract. A compact and lightweight mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer has been developed as a mobile sensing platform for high-precision atmospheric methane measurements aboard small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The instrument leverages two recent innovations: a novel segmented circular multipass cell (SC-MPC) design and a power-efficient, low-noise, intermittent continuous-wave (icw) laser driving approach. A system-on-chip hardware control and data acquisition system enables energy-efficient and fully autonomous operation. The integrated spectrometer weighs 2.1 kg (including battery) and consumes 18 W of electrical power, making it ideally suited for airborne monitoring applications. Under stable laboratory conditions, the device achieves a precision (1σ) of 1.1 ppb within 1 s and 0.1 ppb CH4 at 100 s averaging time. Detailed investigations were performed to identify and quantify the effects of various environmental factors, such as sudden changes in pressure, temperature, and mechanical vibrations, which commonly influence UAV-mounted sensors. The instrument was also deployed in two feasibility field studies: an artificial methane release experiment and a study on vertical profiles in the planetary boundary layer. In both cases, the spectrometer demonstrated its airborne capability of capturing subtle and/or sudden changes in atmospheric CH4 mole fractions and providing real-time data at 1 s time resolution.


ABSTRACT Medical malpractice is regulated in Act No.36 in 2009 about health in particular on article 190 as well as regulated in Article 359, and section 360 of the CRIMINAL CODE, such as one case of medical malpractice that occurred in Banda Aceh that involves an obstetrician whose initials TWM which because of negligence in dealing with labor against the victim that the initials RY resulted in casualties were heavy, the problems raised in this study is : 1. How is the application of the criminal case against medical malpractice in childbirth (Supreme Court Ruling No. 455 K/PID/2010/PT. BNA) 2. How does the consideration of judges in applying criminal on medical malpractice in childbirth (Supreme Court Ruling No. 455 K/PID/2010/PT. BNA). In this study the author uses legal normative, approach by examining the ruling of the Supreme Court (No. 455 K/PID/2010/PT. BNA), legal Materials are collected in the study document, the data source with the data of the secondary data analysis with kualitattif. Summary: 1). The application of the criminal verdict in this case nonetheless accused MA of criminal punishment with imprisonment for 6 (six) months, 2). The judge's consideration in dropping a verdict to the accused had been very precise, realistic and in accordance with the facts of the law, as well as the presence of corroborating evidence that the defendant was lawfully convicted Keyword : application of criminal, Medical Malpractice, Birth


TMS320C6711 is a kind of high-performance Floatmg-Point DSP produced by U.S.A TI Company. In the paper, a kind of TMS320C6711 design of wireless communication at the interface of SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) based on nRF905 is presented. And, the hardware and software of TMS320C6711 and nRF905 are introduced in detail. The design has well realized wireless communication between TMS320C6711s and PC.


This thesis focuses on the topic of corporate social responsibility in companies. The aim of this thesis is to suggest CSR activities which will lead to improvement corporate social responsibility in the organization. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part is elaborated available literature related to corporate social responsibility. Further the individual three pillars of CSR are described here; it is economical, social and environmental including the theory of stakeholders. The practical part is devoted at first the characteristics of the company. Subsequently it is analysed the current level of CSR activities in the company XYZ, a. s. Then it is performed a PESTLE analysis external surroundings in which the company is located and a SWOT analysis relate to corporate social responsibility. In conclusion of thesis will be prepared the project consist of partial CSR activities for the company XYZ, a. s.


The measured dV/dI(V) curves of point contacts between the intermetallic compound CeRu2 in the superconducting state and the normal metal Cu correspond fairly well to the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk model. It is used to obtain temperature and magnetic field dependence of the superconducting gap Δ. The Δ(T) dependence corresponds well to the BCS theory with 2Δ(0)/kBTc∗ = 3.1±0.1. Additionally, a region of gapless superconductivity between Tc∗ ≃ 4.4−5.4 K and Tcbulk ≃ 6.2 K is found. The gap decreases approximately linearly in a magnetic field and vanishes in a field Bc∗ ≃ 3.5 T, which is well below the upper critical field Bc2 ≃ 6 T and close to the irreversibility field.


The microstructure and tensile properties at different thermal exposure conditions of pre-stretching 2A12 aluminum alloy drilling pipe were studied by means of tensile test and TEM analysis.The results show that the mechanical properties of 2A12 alloy exposed at 120 ℃ for 500 h are improved,but dropped dramatically when exposed at 160 ℃ and 200 ℃.Alloy lost strength rapidly when exposed at 200 ℃ for 100 h,with a slighter decline since then.S phase possesses more uniform size distribution in T8 alloys than in T6 alloys,exhibiting slower coarsening rate.It is argued that supplement of solute is always needed for coarsening of the precipitates,and solute concentration in the matrix of T8 alloy is lower than that of T6 alloy due to full precipitation induced by high density dislocations in T8 alloy.S phase in T6 alloys coarsens easier than that in T8 alloys by the dissolution of finer precipitates,thus the strength declines.


With the rapid development of network technologies,images and other multimedia information are used in an unprecedented width and depth.These images and multimedia information could be easily modified by various processing softwares,such as PhotoShop,and this would bring great challenges to the integrity protection of multi-media information transmitted through the network.In this paper,a variety of digital watermarking technologies for the image integrity protection are discussed,with focus on the typical algorithms of lossless digital watermarking technology and lossy digital watermarking technology,and the comparisons of their advantages and disadvantages are made.Finally,conclusions and future research directions of the watermarking technologies for the image integrity protection are also provided.


This paper investigates the investment-led growth hypothesis for the newly industrialized economies of East Asia. Using numerical simulations and a neoclassical model, it is shown that the revolution in investment rates only explains about 30 per cent of the growth of GDP per worker. In contrast, productivity growth and improvements in labour quality, explain around half the growth of GDP per worker. This reflects the effects of productivity growth on capital accumulation. Contrary to recent growth-accounting studies, the results suggest that understanding the sources of productivity growth in East Asia will provide the most useful lessons for other developing economies. Copyright 2000 by The Economic Society of Australia.


Individuals face many risks during different phases of their financial life cycle. These risks in turn have major financial implications on their wealth creation, wealth preservation and wealth distribution aspirations. Traditionally risk taking is viewed negatively in relation to personal financial planning domain. In fact, most of the studies linking risk management to personal financial planning focus primarily on investment and insurance related risks. In contrast, enterprise risk management takes portfolio view of risks right from the personal level to the organisation level. However, the existing literature on enterprise risk management is seen as an essential feature of corporate world. Even risk management experts acknowledge that there is not much literature available that explicitly addresses the issue of aligning enterprise risk management framework to the whole spectrum of personal financial planning. In this backdrop, it seems logical to develop an in depth study on aligning enterprise risk framework to personal financial planning domain. Accordingly, this conceptual paper, avoiding mathematical jargon, extensively examines the extent to which enterprise risk management can be aligned to personal financial planning domain. Study concludes by suggesting as to how individuals should identify, aggregate, evaluate and address risks across the whole spectrum of personal financial planning domain. Acknowledgement: Infrastructural support provided by the FORE School of Management, New Delhi in completing this paper is gratefully acknowledged.


The ability to obtain delay estimates from the presence sensors that operate traffic-actuated controllers has been limited in the past by the primitive nature of the detector information. Typical presence sensors report only the presence or absence of a vehicle within their detection zone. Delay measurement, on the other hand, requires a knowledge of how many vehicles are waiting on each approach at all times. The feasibility of detecting vehicles on a roadway automatically using video image processing has already been demonstrated, and a number of practical applications have been reported in the literature. The purpose of the study described here is to assess the feasibility of using a commercial video image detection (VID) system to produce signalized intersection delay estimates from videotapes.


The constant technological advances bring new devices to the market every day. Due to this, heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are common scenarios in many applications. Neural Network (NN) based models may implement particular features provided by sensor hardware to collect surrounding environment information. Thus, a sensor can provide a specific group of features while others do not. In this perspective, it may be required, for some sensors in a WSN, to be trained and have their data manually categorized, which does not scale, particularly for large WSN setups. In light of this problem, this paper proposes a Real-time (RT) auto-calibration framework to allow WSN devices to collaborate in the training process to enable new uncalibrated devices to join the network. The method does not need previous knowledge about sensor features. Also, the proposal is validated by practical experiments evaluating its accuracy in image classification. The provided experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.


In this work aluminium alloys AA7075 samples were exposed to two kinds of cold atmospheric plasma: Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma for 5 min, 7,5 min, 10 min and 15 min, and plasma jet for 20 s, 30 s, 40 s e 60 s. After treatments, AA7075 alloy surface characterization was performed by measuring water contact angle, surface free energy, roughness, adhesion tape test (ASTM D3359), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical techniques and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). After plasma treatments, there was a remarkable decrease in water contact angles values and a significant increase in surface free energy, for both types of plasma. It was also verified that, the plasma treatments did not modify the topography and roughness of the samples. With the adhesion tape test results, it was found that both plasma treatments were efficient in improving the adhesion of polyurethane coating on the aluminium alloy samples, when compared to the untreated one. The XPS results confirmed the formation of oxigen and nitrogen containing polar groups on the surface of Al alloy samples treated by plasma. With electrochemical techniques the coating capacitance of the painting was determined and the corrosion potential and the corrosion current density were obtained for each condition studied. Both atmospheric pressure plasma treatments were efficient in enhancing the adhesion of the poliurethane painting on the Al alloy AA7075 surface.


The infection status of Tomato leaf curl virus in the early period of tomato planting in 18 winter greenhouses were studied,and the sampling survey of Bemisia tabaci was also conducted in 14 greenhouses.The results indicated that the spatial distribution patterns of Tomato leaf curl virus which was distributed as aggregation distribution was consistent to that of Bemisia tabaci.The Iwao m*-m models of the spatial distribution patterns of Tomato leaf curl virus and Bemisia tabaci were as follows: m*=-0.209060+1.3659m and m*=-0.299134+1.4171m.The sampling equation of tomato leaf curl virus disease and Bemisia tabaci were best fitted n=t2/D2(0.79094/m+0.3659) and n=t2/D2(0.79848/m+0.4171),respectively.


Recent studies suggest that the elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the activation of the protein kinase A regulate BMP-induced osteogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the enhancing effect of cAMP on BMP2 signaling were not completely revealed. In this study we investigated the effect of elevated cAMP level and PKA activation on the BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in pluripotent C2C12 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity and its mRNA were consistently induced by BMP2 treatment. The pretreatment of C2C12 cells with Forskolin, a cAMP generating agent, dbcAMP, an analogue of cAMP, or IBMX (3-isobutyl 1-methyl xanthine), and a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases elicited further activation of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, elevated intracellular cAMP level increased BMP2-induced MKP1. On the other hand, BMP2-induced Erk phosphorylation (p44/p42) and cell proliferation were suppressed in the presence of cAMP. Thus, cAMP might enhance BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation by a MKP1-Erkdependent mechanism. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.032 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-18416 Accepted Version Originally published at: Ghayor, C; Ehrbar, M; San Miguel, B; Grätz, K W; Weber, F E (2009). cAMP enhances BMP2-signaling through PKA and MKP1-dependent mechanisms. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), 381(2):247-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.032


The intention of regulation is to protect the vulnerable. However, unintended results of regulation can cause the opposite occur. In its present form, the proposed Volcker Rule prohibits proprietary trading and has the potential of continuing the liquidity crisis that aided in the degradation of the housing market into decreased liquidity in the capital markets. The rule also prohibits the owning, sponsoring, or having certain relationships with hedge funds beyond three percent by the covered banking entities. Risk is transferring to less regulated financial institutions as new hedge funds are opened. The risk can have a profound impact on the retirement community through underfunded pension funds searching for absolute returns. Another unintended result of the proposed Volcker Rule is banks conducting business in the United States or with United States "residents" will be at a competitive disadvantage due to lost revenues and the high cost of compliance. The rule has the potential to cause United States companies to be at a competitive disadvantage in global markets.


The purpose of this paper was to examine the progessivity of the Jordanian income tax law. The Jordanian income tax law divides taxable income into several segments. Each segment is subjected to a special tax rate (tax schedule). However, multiple and progressive marginal tax rates (nominal tax rates) are not sufficient to make a tax system progressive, nor to reduce the degree of income inequality in the income distribution although there is a negative relationship between progressivity and the degree of income inequality.
A stratified sample of 3000 taxpayers was drawn from the available list of taxpayers at the Department of Income Tax as of 8/2009. The sample represents two categories: individual taxpayers and employees taxpayers from each governorate of the country.
The study shows that deductions and exemptions benefit high income taxpayers more than low income taxpayers. The study proved also that both marginal and average tax rates are progressive. Inspite of tax rates progressivity, deduction has turned the income tax to be regressive. Given the fact that indirect taxes are regressive, and income tax is regressive too, the study concludes that the tax system in Jordan is regressive, therefore unconstitutional.


The paper applied questionnaire survey method to study 2340 households whom participate the new rural cooperative medical scheme(NRCMS) in order to analysis those factors effect their participant rates.Results show that household income number of elderly include other five factors affect their participant rate.


In this paper, experimental and time-domain simulation results are presented regarding the extension of the modulation response of a semiconductor laser well beyond its relaxation frequency. A commercial laser (Ortel), which has a wavelength of 805 nm, is used in the experiments.<<ETX>>


An inquiry drawing on the presence of Hellenistic philosophy in Philo provides a better knowledge of the diffusion of Hellenistic philosophy since the late Republican age, as well as the relationship between Philo's reception and other doxohraphical tradition.


For controlling the pressurized air from the pressure tank valve, comprising a wall formed with an outlet, the wall having inner and outer surfaces. The valve includes an inner end located in the interior of the pressure vessel and the pressure outside of the tank, in use, the valve body is in use. Flow passage extending through the valve body, having an outlet being within or adjacent the body inlet end and being adjacent to the body or outer end. A valve seat surrounding the flow passage and the valve closure member toward and away from the valve seat to respectively close and open the valve. Characterized in that the valve element of the valve at or adjacent its inner end comprises at least one laterally extending mounting structure, the mounting structure is shaped and dimensioned such that the inner end of the mounting structure and can be introduced into the pressure tank through the outlet, and when in the appropriate when the position of the mounting structure engaging the inner surface of the outlet of the tank wall adjacent. The valve comprises a mounting structure for mounting collar towards the movement to engage the outer surface of the wall adjacent the opening and thereby clamp the tank wall between the mounting structure and the mounting collar.


ABSTRACT Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers surrounding discrete aqueous compartment. Eventhough phospholipid bilayers are formed spontaneously in water, their conventional preparation methods involve either organic solvents or detergent molecules. Organic solvents may create a serious safety problem during liposome manufacturing especially on a large scale and can cause denaturation of proteins and affect the membrane properties. Liposomes are very promising carriers for protein drugs which have aroused great interests in the field of pharmaceutics in these recent years. The objective of this study was to develop a new dispersion process to prepare liposomes without the usage of organic solvents and detergents. The approach involved the usage of a microfludizer for the extrusion and homogenization of aqueous dispersion of phospholipids, and a modified evaporator in order to increase lipid thin film surface area. The properties of the liposomes prepared by the novel metho...


Hydrophilic Co–Pt alloy nanoparticles nearing the equiatomic ratio and dispersedin water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were synthesized by the aqueous reduction of CoCl_2⋅6H_2O and [Pt(NH_3)_4]Cl_2⋅H_2O with NaBH_4 in presence of the cellulosic derivative. The as-received Co–Pt nanoparticles in the cellulosic matrix possess a disordered fcc structure that, upon calcination under an Ar atmosphereand carbonization of the cellulosic mantle of the particles, transformed to an ordered fcc phase. Both as-synthesized and calcined samples are magnetically soft at room temperature and exhibit a strong magnetic response when a magnetic field is applied. On account of the chemical composition of the carboxymethyl cellulose, the coated Co–Pt nanoparticles are easily soluble in water in high concentrations and exhibit interesting ion-exchange properties.


The fundamental challenge of mmWave frequency band is the sensitivity of the radio channel to blockage, which gives rise to unstable connectivity and also impacts the reliability of a system. In this paper, we explore the viability of using Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) connectivity for robust and resilient downlink communication. We provide a novel iterative algorithm for Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization (WSRM) leveraging Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) with low computational complexity, which admits a closed-form solution via iterative evaluation of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Unlike in the conventional Joint Transmission (JT)-CoMP schemes, the proposed precoder design has, per-iteration, computational complexity in the order of base-station (BS) antennas instead of system-wide joint transmit antennas. This is achieved by parallel beamformer processing across the coordinating BSs. Furthermore, for the downlink precoder design, a conservative estimate of the user-specific rates are obtained by considering possible combinations of potentially blocked links, thus providing greatly improved communication reliability. In the presence of random blockages, the proposed schemes are shown to significantly outperform several baseline scenarios in terms of effective throughput and outage performance.


Europe is a continent of great diversity. Being a continent steeped in competition and rivalry for centuries, Europe has .been an arena of prolonged wars and conflicts. Therefore, historically, the European states have maintained a suspicion-based adversarial relationship. Military planning against each other was its natural concomitant. Aggresive nationalism was a general feature of all major. European states. This found its expression intermittently in the fora of internescine quarrels or aggression for domination and empire building. As a result, there was no respite for Europe from wars. This general tendency has ignited two world wars in Europe during the first half of the 20th century. Of the two world wars, the most destructive was the second world war. It either destroyed or exhausted every state in Europe. In the end, Europe presented the picture of a bankrupt state, craving for external support for its reconstruction. This steep decline of Europe led many European statesmen to sit back and think about the ways and means to stop the recurrence of such destructive wars in Europe. As aggressive nationalism was found to be the root cause of all these wars and conflicts, the solution they envisaged was to blunt the sharp edges of nationalism of European states. An all embracing cooperation among them was the only way open to them even for their recovery and growth. This was to be accomplished by bringing the European states together into a community of nations, through an integration process, backed by appropriate supra-national institutions. So, a community approach was inculcated in the, conduct of relations between European states, as a result, cooperation and integration went hand in hand. The basic objective was tq gradually replace the nation state system in Europe by a supra-national system. During the last half century, the European states have been engaged in the task of uniting themselves into a community of nations. This has been harnessed through building up supra-national'structures. Beginning with the eatablishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, the experiment got enlarged through the establishment of the


In this study, the silicone thermal curing degree of the silicone-encapsulated quantum dot light emission diode was measured using the various types of chemical ligands around quantum dot. It was confirmed that the trioctyl phosphin oxide (TOPO) ligand around the quantum dot was responsible for dispersion of the quantum dot in silicone encapsulant and decline of the thermal curing degree of the silicone encapsulant. Also, it was confirmed that the thermal curing degree of silicone encapsulants containing the steric acid (SA) and the dodecanoic acid (DA) ligands were higher than the one of TOPO ligand.


The purpose of this systematic grounded theory study was to explore the technology decision process mothers use when making technology decisions for their preschool age (3-5 years) children in the home environment. I used snowball and maximum variation sampling procedures to purposefully select 18 mothers of preschool age children living in urban, suburban, and rural areas located in and around a college town in central Virginia. Data gathered from questionnaires, participant interviews, and focus groups were analyzed and findings revealed mothers' technology decisions are a multi-dimensional process whereby they situationally reflect to form technology preferences which promote intentionality and individuality in the technology decisions they make for themselves and their children. The results of this study addressed the research gap regarding mothers' technology decisions for their children by connecting and broadening theoretical understanding of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003) and the ProcessPerson-Context-Time (PPCT) model (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998) through three new constructs: reflecting situationally, promoting intentionality, and valuing individuality.


The tectonites confined to fault zones with abnormally high, up to 12 kbar, pressures, which appear to be the products of stress-metamorphism of relatively late stage of deformation-metamorphic evolution, are identified in the regionally metamorphosed Precambrian rocks of the Ladoga region. Most of these stress-metamorphites are localized in the Meyeri tectonic zone, separating the Svecofennian and Karelian geoblocks. The features of structure and composition of the two groups of stress-metamorphites belonging to the different stages of the deformation-metamorphic phase are described. Some parameters and trends in stress-metamorphism of each stage are defined.


We identified the olfactory receptor 51E2 in human melanoma and have measured both OR51E2 mRNA and protein expression in melanoma tissue sections. qPCR analysis revealed that the receptor is upregulated in melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes, indicating that OR51E2 may play a role in early melanoma development and progression. Activation of endogenous OR51E2 in cultured cells derived from metastatic and vertical‐growth phase (VGP) by its ligand β‐ionone results in an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. RNAi experiments showed that the β‐ionone‐induced Ca2+ signal depends on the activation of OR51E2. Furthermore, OR51E2 activation inhibits the growth of VGP melanoma cells via apoptotic processes. Cell motility assays revealed that treatment with β‐ionone decreases the migration of VGP melanoma cells. Overall, our data demonstrates that OR51E2 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that it may serve as a novel target for melanoma therapy.


The effects of ZnCl2 additions on a mercuric reductase, merA, ammonia monooxygenase, amoA, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidoreductase, hao, gene expression were examined in continuously cultured Nitrosomonas europaea cells. The reactor was operated for 85 days with a 6.9 d hydraulic retention time and with four successive additions of ZnCl2 achieving maximum concentrations from 3 to 90 µM Zn2+. Continuously cultured N. europaea cells were more resistant to Zn2+ inhibition than previously examined batch cultured cells due to the presence of Mg2+ in the growth media, suggesting that Zn2+ enters the cell through Mg2+ import channels. The maximum merA up‐regulation was 45‐fold and expression increased with increases in Zn2+ concentration and decreased as Zn2+ concentrations decreased. Although Zn2+ irreversibly inactivated ammonia oxidation in N. europaea, the addition of either 600 µM CuSO4 or 2250 µM MgSO4 protected N. europaea from ZnCl2 inhibition, indicating a competition between Zn2+ and Cu2+/Mg2+ for uptake and/or AMO active sites. Since ZnCl2 inhibition is irreversible and amoA was up‐regulated at 30 and 90 µM additions, it is hypothesized that de novo synthesis of the AMO enzyme is needed to overcome inhibition. The up‐regulation of merA during exposure to non‐inhibitory Zn2+ levels indicates that merA is an excellent early warning signal for Zn2+ inhibition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 546–553. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The large number of book piracy and/or unauthorized sellers in the marketplace is a serious legal problem. Book piracy has become an industry in Indonesia. This is due to the lack of law enforcement that occurs, consumer behavior that is not aware of copyright, and business actors who seek profit by illegal means. Business actors in this case are not only sellers, but also the marketplace as a digital trading platform provider should also be responsible for selecting the goods to be sold by the seller. Unfortunately, the focus of law enforcement on copyright infringements is still focused only on piracy actors. Marketplace providers as an important element in digital transactions often not charged with legal responsibility. Therefore, this study focuses on how the responsibility of the marketplace and the mechanism for resolving copyright disputes that occur in the marketplace. This research uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study indicate that there is an agreement between the seller/partner/merchant and the marketplace as a digital trading platform provider. From this agreement, the elements of Article 10 of the Indonesia Copyright that state "Managers of business premises are prohibited from allowing the sale and/or reproduction of goods resulted from Copyrights and/or Related Rights infringements in the location under their management." The dispute resolution mechanism regulated in the Copyright Law consists of litigation (civil and criminal) and non-litigation.


Human fingers exhibit both high sensitivity and wide tactile range. The finger skin structures are designed to display gradient microstructures and compressibility. Inspired by the gradient mechanical Young's modulus distribution, an electric‐field‐induced cationic crosslinker migration strategy is demonstrated to prepare gradient ionogels. Due to the gradient of the crosslinkers, the ionogels exhibit more than four orders of magnitude difference between the anode and the cathode side, enabling gradient ionogel‐based flexible iontronic sensors having high‐sensitivity and broader‐range detection (from 3 × 102 to 2.5 × 106 Pa) simultaneously. Moreover, owing to the remarkable properties of the gradient ionogels, the flexible iontronic sensors also show good long‐time stability (even after 10 000 cycles loadings) and excellent performance over a wide temperature range (from −108 to 300 °C). The flexible iontronic sensors are further integrated on soft grips, exhibiting remarkable performance under various conditions. These attractive features demonstrate that gradient ionogels will be promising candidates for smart sensor applications in complex and extreme conditions.


Map of Wises Subdivision in Taylor County, Texas bordered by Pine, North 7th, and North East 19th streets. The subdivision is divided by Walnut Street. Both sides of the subdivision are marked to show the subdivision of property. A legal note below the map states, "I hereby certify that the above sketch represents the subdivision as actually surveyed on the ground pegs for all corners."


In 1968 there appeared in New Left Review an essay by its editor, Perry Anderson, which attracted considerable attention. Detecting in the student unrest then at its height 'stirrings of a revolutionary consciousness', Anderson was concerned to identify (and of course attack) the main elements ofthat British cultural conservatism which, in his view, the burgeoning revolutionary consciousness must overthrow. In brief, his view was that British intellectual life was dominated by a '"White", counter-revolutionary emigration' from Eastern and Central Europe – men who had fled the instability of their own societies for the continuity and order of the British tradition. Among them Anderson listed, as the dominant influence in social theory, Karl Popper. This was an accolade of sorts, but by no means any kind of intellectual tribute, for Anderson went on to dismiss Popper as nothing more than a 'fluent ideologue', incompetent alike in sociology and political theory.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Belimbing Wuluh Gel Extract to surface roughness of enamel. Thirty-six premolars teeth that divided into 4 groups (n = 9), were exposed to 37% phosphoric acid gel (pH = 1) for 15 seconds as a control group, and belimbing wuluh extract gel with a concentration of 80% (pH = 1.8) for 15 seconds, 20 seconds, and 25 seconds as the treatment groups. The statistical analysis of paired and unpaired T-test shows that all treatment groups experienced a significant change (p <0.05). The greatest changes in surface roughness of enamel occurred after exposed by belimbing extract gel with an exposure duration of 25 seconds, but the roughness of 37% phosphoric acid gel is still greater. There was a correlation between roughness on the surface of tooth enamel with prolonged exposure belimbing wuluh extract gel with a concentration of 80%.


Modified Ferro Silicate (MFS) slag can be used as an alternative Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)
to make concrete sustainable and to enhance the circular economy. Given their pozzolanic characteristics,
these MFS slags can be used as SCM. However, due to the low CaO content of the MFS slag, they have
slower reaction and dissolution rate than Ca rich by-products such as Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
slags (GGBFS). Increasing latent hydraulic properties of the slag could potentially also increase the overall
reactivity of the slag. In this respect, the objective was set to increase the CaO content of the MFS slag,
by addition of CaCO3 during its fuming process. In order to investigate the feasibility, at first, lab scale
tests were performed and reported in this paper. Currently available MFS slag was remelted and chemically
adapted at 1220 ±10 °C. Two mixes were synthesized in which respectively 10 and 20 wt.% of CaC03 was
added to the MFS slag. After melting the slag in a reducing atmosphere, it was water quenched in order to
obtain an altered slag with a high glassy phase comparable to die current MFS slag. Chemical composition
and mineralogy of CaCO3 altered MFS slag was determined and its reactivity was assessed by the novel R³
reactivity assessment technique proposed by RILEM TC 267-TRM. Finally, altered MFS slag was compared
with the unaltered MFS slag to study the influence of CaO content on the slag reactivity and dissolution. R³
Calorimetric analysis and CH consumption showed an enhanced dissolution rate for altered slag suggesting
that incorporation of CaO in the system tends to improve the reactivity. Moreover, XRD and in-situ XRD
analysis of the R³ hydrated paste provided sufficient information that increasing the Ca content in the glassy
phase tends to improve the dissolution of Fe which contributes to formation of Fe-AFt and stable Fe-Mc
after 24 h.


The critical properties of the model of a spin-glass proposed by Edwards and Anderson are studied using the renormalization group. The critical exponents are calculated in 6−e spatial dimensions. It is argued that a tricritical point can exist where the nonordering field is the skewness of the distribution of J.


To extend area application of it,dissolution rates of main function ingredient in green tea by technique of super fine crushing were studied. The results showed that dissolution rates of tea polyphends and caffeine in super fine green tea particles were more faster than the conventional coarse powder and green tea in low temperature water(20 ℃), and dissolution rates of tea polyphends and caffeine were little difference between super fine green tea particles and the conventional coarse powder in water with 80 ℃, but which were a difference as compared with the green tea.


Dacryocystorhinostomy surgery is currently performed using either several different intranasal approaches or an external approach. Using local anaesthesia, external dacryocystorhinostomy is more difficult for patients to tolerate compared with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. For endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using the endoscopic approach, the ostium opens from the intended point. External and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies have similar success rates. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a good alternative method for external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Understanding the partitioning of organic molecules between aqueous solution and lipid membranes is critical to problems in fields ranging from drug design to environmental science to studies of the origin of life. Here, six β-substituted porphyrins of diverse polarity were examined for partitioning between the membranes of phosphatidylcholine vesicles and aqueous solution. The porphyrins include uroporphyrin I (number of carboxylic acid substituents = 8), heptacarboxylic acid porphyrin I (7), hexacarboxylic acid porphyrin I (6), coproporphyrin I (4), mesoporphyrin IX (2) and etioporphyrin I (0). The porphyrins were examined individually and collectively. In each case, size-exclusion chromatography was used to separate a porphyrins/vesicles fraction and a porphyrins/aqueous fraction. Each fraction was analyzed quantitatively by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection or by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy to give partition coefficients. The partition coefficients for the six porphyrins also were calculated (clog P) using seven software programs: ACD/Labs, ALOGPS 2.1, Chemdraw, Molinspiration, KowWin, MarvinSketch, and XLOGP3. For perspective, clog P values for seven other porphyrins and 18 non-porphyrins also were calculated. Wide variation among programs was observed for almost all of the porphyrins and non-porphyrins of similar molecular weight. The dearth of porphyrins with requisite substituent patterns for experimental examination and the unreliability of calculation preclude definitive predictions concerning partitioning of unknown porphyrins; however, the results afford heuristics to predict aqueous–membrane partitioning of diverse β-substituted porphyrins.


Abstract This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control scheme based on a gain-scheduled H∞ design strategy. Under the assumption that the effects of faults on the system can be of affine parameter dependence, a reconfigurable robust H∞ controller is developed. The resulting controller is a function of the fault effect factors, which can be derived online from the residual vector of the fault detection and isolation (FDI) mechanism. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a non-linear double inverted pendulum system with a fault in the motor tachometer loop is considered. The adaptive fault-tolerant controller recovers well from the unstable system with loop failure.


We present a new iterative method for finding the normal modes of a laterally heterogeneous body. The number of operations used by our method is proportional to the square of the number of basis functions used, while the effort required by the variational method increases as the cube of the number of basis functions. A numerical example shows that, at least for lower order modes, our iterative method yields results which are as accurate as the variational method.


The issue of teaching/learning of Agricultural Science is a conscious effort of making students acquire the relevant knowledge and skill of agricultural science in order to contribute to the profession of agriculture; so it can adequately contribute to the national economy. The issue has remained fundamental to the production of relevant and required manpower in agriculture. Sustaining interest in this, all important paradigms remain central to the progress of the agricultural sub sector. This paper is a review work on the teaching/learning of agricultural science in our schools/colleges in Nigeria. The paper also made recommendations to sustain interest in the teaching/learning of Agricultural science like the use of experimentation/demonstration method among others.


A study of thermal and electrical behavior of some silica-containing poly(ether imide) films is presented. The hybrid films were prepared using a poly(amic acid) having phthalide groups and tetraethoxysilane via sol–gel technique and thermal cyclodehydration. Effects of inorganic particle content on polymer composite properties were investigated. Thermal and electrical characteristics of hybrid films were evaluated with respect to their structure. The films were flexible and showed good thermal properties having the initial decomposition temperature above 400°C and glass transition temperature in the range of 240–248°C. The dielectric spectroscopy revealed subglass transitions δ, γ, and β. At higher temperature, an α-relaxation corresponding to the glass transition and the normal mode appeared. The dielectric constant values were in the range of 3.21–3.64 at 20°C and 10 kHz. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


The purpose of this paper is analyze the epidemic characteristics of plague in Golmud in Qinghai province,to discuss the trend of plague epidemic,to provide the scientific basis for the plague prevention and control work in the future. In accordance with the plague prevention and control technical scheme in Qinghai- tibet railway, national plague monitoring programme,the plague epidemic disease monitoring report between 2007—2012 in Geermu as a national monitoring stations was summarized. The description epidemiological methods were applied and analyzed. The results showed that animal plague between 2007—2012 in Geermu happened from time to time. 1 yersinia pestis strains was isolated. 1 of F1antibody positive serum of plague was check out. Plague epidemic is still active between animals in Geermu. The plague prevention and control is still serious.


Single-layer latticed domes with rigid-joint have an advantage in the construction cost and the aesthetic. But, in single-layer latticed domes, the joints are hard to discriminate between pin-joint and rigid-joint, and consisted of semi-rigid joint in practical. And the erection of large roof structures requires special techniques. As one of these special techniques is the Step-Up erection method. This paper verified buckling characteristics of single-Layer lamella domes according to the Joint flexibility under construction by Step-up method. The results are follows: As erection steps increase, the buckling strength decreases. It is occurred the joint buckling by snap through on the top of dome when the joint flexibility close the rigid. And large tensile stress distribution appeared in circumferential member of bottom boundary when the step of construction is low. As the step of construction increase, large compressive stress distribution showed in the top of dome.


The articles in this special issue challenge readers to reconsider the relationships among individual mobility, collective action, and social change. Taken together, they reveal an increasing and broadening interest in the concept of social change and raise important questions about its societal applications. In this commentary, we expand on this rich body of research by considering how surface indicators of (lack of) social change such as individual versus collective action may be related to a wider range of motives than has been assumed. Moreover, we consider more carefully what constitutes social change, and discuss different forms of equality as a means to conceptualizing social change. In doing so, we attempt to move beyond implied dichotomies between individual and collective strategies and actions to consider alternative perspectives on classifying and studying social change.


Objects and Classes. A Crash Course in Basic C++. Implementing Classes. Interfaces. Object-Oriented Design. Programming by Contract. Inheritance. Polymorphism. A Crash Course in Java. The Object Models in C++ and Java. Names: Scope, Access, and Conflict Control. Operator Overloading. Streams and Persistence. Memory Management. Parameterized Classes. Exception Handling. Class Library Design. Multiple Inheritance. Frameworks. References. Index.


The cultivation of tomato in lowland experience many obstacles, such as low produvtivity. One effort to increase tomato productivity  in lowland is through selection of tomato genotype for high yield and yield component  in lowland. This study aims to determine the variability based on genetic information, heritability and correlation of characters as well as the yield components of tomato genotypes relationship patterns in the lowlands. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used to characterization base on best genotype of yield component character, genetic variability, broad sense heribility and correlation to yield. Genotype of tomato tested had diverse characteristics. Best genotypes based on the yield character is IPB T1, based on the number of fruit per plant is IPBT30, based on the fruit length and day to flowering is IPB T74, based on the fruit diameter is IPB T73 and fruit thickness is IPBT60. Wide genetic diversity has a high heritability. Number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit thickness has a wide genetic diversity and high heritability. Yield characters has a narrow genetic diversity and heritability is low. Characters that have a direct impact on the yield are the fruit diameter. Based on the cluster analysis, tomato genotypes are grouped into five groups. Group I consists of seven genotypes (IPBT1, IPBT58, IPBT60, IPBT64, IPBT78, IPBT80 and IPBT82), group II consists of one genotype (IPBT74), group III consists of three genotypes (IPB T13, IPB T73 and IPB T86), group IV consists of five genotypes (IPBT3, IPBT33, IPBT43, IPBT53, and IPBT3) which is characterized by fruit thickness, fruit length and days to flowering, and group V consists of one genotype (IPBT30).


The friction-type bolted joint transfers the internal forces in the structural members by interface friction, but noticeable seasonal temperature and bolt fracture cause the redistribution of interface friction and threaten the joint safety. Therefore, this study carried out finite element analysis on the interface friction considering the influence of seasonal temperature and bolt fracture. Through finite element analysis, the simulation of interface friction under seasonal temperature revealed the distribution of temperature induced interface friction in different areas and locations. Further simulation of fractured bolts revealed the influence of quantity and location of fractured bolts on the redistribution of interface friction. Finally, the interface frictions in the bolted joint were evaluated using limit state equations. The results showed that: 1) the quantity and location of fractured bolts cause obvious redistribution of interface friction in the bolt-fractured areas; 2) the quantity and location of fractured bolts have slight effect on the total interface friction in the whole splice plate; 3) the reduced interface friction in the bolt-fractured areas was transferred to the areas without bolt fracture, producing little change in the total interface friction; 4) all the splice plates had abundant safety margin after analysis of their limit state equations.


In this paper, a novel closed-loop DC voltage regulation strategy of DC micro-grid is proposed, which includes tertiary control, secondary control and primary control. The tertiary control is in charge of economical dispatch. It assigns the scheduled power to all the voltage controllers. The primary control and secondary control are real time operation control. The secondary control provides the voltage set point for the primary control through distributed cooperative mechanism to maintain the micro-grid average voltage as the reference value and help fine proportional load sharing which is assigned by the tertiary control. The primary control, implementing a droop mechanism, regulates the output voltage of individual converters. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


UAV emitter geolocation systems force the development of small RF receivers with real-time direction of arrival (DOA) estimation capabilities. This paper introduces the Virtual Receiving Array method. A single element receiver samples an RF signal in time, while the UAV flies with a constant velocity. The data is manipulated and a Direct Data Domain algorithm is used to generate good quality DOA estimates at low SNR, making it ideal for dynamic environments.


The presence of antibiotic residues in food obtained from production animals occurs due to inadequate control and use, in addition to a noncompliance of the necessary withdrawal time. This problem is one of the main causes of alterations in consumers' health and of the appearance of resistant bacteria, generating worldwide concern. Poultry meat is the second most produced globally and the first in Ecuador, which is why it is important to develop studies to detect antibiotic residues in this meat, especially in the city of Quito, where there is no information available because of the lack of research in this field. For these reasons, the present study aims to detect the presence of enrofloxacin and/or sulfamethoxazole in chicken breast in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), and quantify the total number of positive samples to both antibiotics in meat according to the type of antibiotic and sample origin. In order to achieve this, a total of 84 samples were taken in different areas (north, south and valleys) of the DMQ in different sale sites (butchers, markets and supermarkets). The samples were analyzed with a MaxSignal® kit based on competitive-type ELISA. The main results obtained proved that 14/84=16.6% of the samples analyzed contained residues of the analyzed antibiotics, exceeding in 1/84=1.19% of the cases the MRLs proposed by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union. In addition, 1/84=1.19% of the samples showed multidrug residues. In the case of enrofloxacin 14/68=20.59% of the analyzed samples were found positive, being only 1/68=1.47% higher than the MRL. For sulfamethoxazole only 1.9% 1/84=1.9% were positive and below the MRLs. In conclusion, the presence of residues of the studied antibiotics was found in the DMQ, therefore their use should be monitored.


Subjective insomnia as well as decreased sleep quality without objective changes in sleep architecture have been reported in adults with Asperger syndrome (AS). In the study by Tuisku et al., an increased daytime motor activity in the lower limbs was found in AS adults. This finding raises an interesting question as to whether these patients would also display periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) or other abnormal motor phenomena during sleep. In order to further study the nature of insomnia, a novel method of 5channel actometry with simultaneous polysomnographic recording was applied in 14 adults with Asperger syndrome, and in nine healthy age-matched controls without neuropsychiatric syndromes. Based on the polysomnographic recording, movement time and wake activity were then removed from the actometric data, and sum activity was calculated for sleep stages 1 + 2 (S1 + 2), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Patients were medication free. Peripheral neuropathy, uremia, and iron deficiency, which are frequently associated with PLMS in adult populations, were excluded. All AS patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for chronic insomnia. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers with no complaints of sleep problems. In the AS group, 29% (4/14) and in controls, 33% (3/9) were female. Age in the AS group (28 ± 7 years) did not differ from that of the controls (27 ± 9 years). Height and weight were also similar for the two groups. All participants were within the range of normal intelligence. The aim was to characterize the overall nocturnal motor function in the two groups. As indicated in Table 1, there was no difference in occurrence of periodic leg movements between the adults with Asperger syndrome and the controls. The overall body and limb movements in various sleep stages were similar in both groups. Neither abnormal nocturnal motor activity nor deviant sleep architecture explained the chronic subjective insomnia of the AS patients. This finding gives


[Objective] To study on the epidemic regularity and influence of behavioral risk factors related to chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. [Methods] 420 residents aged 18-69 years old were randomly sampled in Zhongwei rural areas, and questionnaires was used in this study. [Results] The prevalence ratio of behavioral risk factors among Ningxia rural residents was higher. The rates of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, carcinogen Benzedrine and rich sodium intake, rich fatty intake, lacking of physical activities and overweight were 31.19% , 38.80% , 8.30%, 2.60%, 95.00% and 18.57%, respectively. 4.30% and 2.10% of residents investigated respectively said that they had hypertension and hyperlipaemia. Logistic regression analysis showed that continued existence of risk factors could cause more incidences of chronic diseases. [Conclusion] Risk factors for chronic diseases, such as smoking, lacking of physical exercises and hypertension, were existing widely, and they had different distribution and influence effect among different groups. It's urgent to prevent the spread of the chronic diseases by carrying out health education and adopting comprehensive interventions


In this paper we investigate the transmission and reflection of Love waves, normally incident on a perfectly rigid half-plane or a perfectly weak half-plane, which lies in a layer of uniform thickness, overlying a semi-infinite solid. The half-plane is parallel to the interface of the two materials and lies in the upper layer. The perfectly rigid half-plane is a domain of vanishing displacement, whereas the perfectly weak half-plane is a domain of vanishing traction. We use the Wiener-Hopf technique based on an approach due to D. S. Jones (1952). Such a method has previously been employed by R. Sato (1961) in his paper on Love waves incident on a change of thickness in the surface layer.
 We set up the two boundary value problems, and obtain analytical solutions for transmitted and reflected Love and channel waves in the case of the rigid as well as the weak screen. We draw the following conclusions:
 Finally, we show the connection between the problem of Love waves past a weak screen and Sato's problem of Love waves incident on a vertical step discontinuity in the surface layer, from the thicker to the thinner side.


ABSTRACT Pulse polarization switching is an important new method to eliminate the polarization-induced fading (PIF) in the interferometric fiber sensing system. An integrated Ti-indiffused LiNbO 3 Mach–Zehnder modulator is used to achieve high-speed switch of the polarization state by switching the voltage between two appropriate voltages applied to the modulator. The stability of the polarization switching is affected by environmental f actors, especially th e temperature. In this paper, the stability of the polarization switching is studie d. Firstly, the structure of the modulator and the principle o f the polarization switching are introduced. Secondly, a feedback control method to overcome the switch instability is proposed. The output polarization state could be obtained by monitoring the intensity of the output light. Finally, the high-speed and high-accuracy stable switching between two orthogonal polarization states is realized using this method and experimentally demonstrated. Keywords: Polarization-induced fading, Polarization switching, Feedback control, LiNbO


6585 Background: The WORLD CML Registry is a global registry of the diagnostic and management strategies for CML patients (pts). Pts enrolled from Latin America, US, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa, Russia, and Turkey. Differences found in the US vs. Registry overall are reported. Methods: Eligible pts were ≥ 16 yrs of age and entered the Registry within 6 mos of diagnosis (any phase, detectable Ph+ or Bcr-Abl). Demographics, medical history, current disease status and management were collected at baseline and follow-up ( ∼ every 6 mos). Results: 54/148 sites were in the US with fewer academic/university centers and government hospitals. Conversely, more private practices participated in the US. To date, 1,001 pts are entered, with 179 (17.9%) from the US. Males and females (#) in US vs. Registry overall was similar; median ages of 53 (US) and 46 (overall). US cohort had a higher incidence of comorbidities associated with cardiac disorders and diabetes, more pts had no risk score assigned at diagnosis, ...