We consider the Cauchy problem for the focusing energy critical NLS with inverse square potential. The energy of the solution, which consists of the kinetic energy and potential energy, is conserved for all time. Due to the focusing nature, solution with arbitrary energy may exhibit various behaviors: it could exist globally and scatter like a free evolution, persist like a solitary wave, blow up at finite time, or even have mixed behaviors. Our goal in this thesis is to fully characterize the solution when the energy is below or at the level of the energy of the ground state solution Wa. Our main result contains two parts. First, we prove that when the energy and kinetic energy of the initial data are less than those of the ground state solution, the solution exists globally and scatters. Second, we show a rigidity result at the level of ground state solution. We prove that among all solutions with the same energy as the ground state solution, there are only two (up to symmetries) solutions W a ,W − a that are exponential close to Wa and serve as the threshold of scattering and blow-up. All solutions with the same energy will blow up both forward and backward in time if they go beyond the upper threshold W a ; all solutions with the same energy will scatter both forward and backward in time if they fall below the lower threshold W− a . In the case of NLS with no potential, this type of results was first obtained by Kenig-Merle [26] and Duyckaerts-Merle [17]. However, as the potential has the same scaling as ∆, one can not expect to extend their results in a simple perturbative


Owing to failure in receiving replies to several letters of inquiry and to other pressing demands upon my time, I have been unable to complete the supplement to my former report on leprosy, which I expected to offer at this meeting. I shall, however, add a few facts and observations to what was written four years ago. Since 1890, evidence has been accumulating in favor of the theory then advanced, that the most important factor in the causation of leprosy is contagion, and it is now generally admitted that it is the only factor deserving serious consideration. The most noteworthy testimony to this effect is the report I of the Indian Commission of 1892, based upon investigations made the previous year. The most important conclusions reached were that leprosy is not kindred to syphilis or tuberculosis, that it is contagious, and that it is not diffused by hereditary transmission. They


There is much to be done to ensure that childcare is no longer seen exclusively as 'women's work'. By Stephen Burke.


The influence of pepper (Capsicum ssp.) as a feed additive to balanced sheep rations on the in vitro digestibility coefficient of nutrients and their fermentation parameters was evaluated in two different inocula: rumen liquid and sheep feces. Four inclusion levels of pepper (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of DM) and two types of inoculum were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design. Experimental rations were balanced to include 0.0%; 0.2%; 0.4% and 0.6% Capsicum ssp., with 13.5% crude protein and 70.0% total digestible nutrients (TDN). A basal diet of 60% bulk (corn silage) and 40% of the concentrate containing 0.0% Capsicum ssp. was given to the inoculant donor animals. Two sheep with a mean bodyweight of 27.6 + 1.6 kg were used as inoculum donors (ruminal fluid and feces) for the determination of the IVDC of nutrients. The variables studied were submitted for analysis of variance and the inclusion levels of pepper. Regression analysis was performed at 5% of probability and for the different inocula, a Tukey test was performed at 5% significance. The different levels of inclusion of pepper (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) in the balanced sheep rations were not altered (P > 0.05) the IVDC of DM; OM; CP and NDF for both inocula (ruminal fluid and sheep feces). However, the use of the different inocula resulted in a change (P < 0.05) in the IVDC value of DM, OM, CP, and NDF, in which the ruminal liquid inoculum presented higher (P < 0.05) values of IVDC for the ration nutrients in relation to sheep feces. The levels of 0, 0%; 0.2%; 0.4% and 0.6% of pepper in ruminant feeds did not change the pH value of the fermented content after a 24-hour in vitro incubation (P > 0.05). However, the use of ruminal liquid as inoculum for the in vitro fermentation of the experimental rations provided a lower value (P < 0.05) for the pH of the fermented content in relation to the sheep feces. The inclusion of this phytogenic additive in ruminant feeds and the use of inoculum based on rumen fluid or sheep feces did not cause changes in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) in the fermented rations after incubation (P > 0.05) for 24 hours in vitro. Thus, the inclusion of up to 0.6% Capsicum ssp. (pepper) in balanced rations for ruminants does not alter the in vitro digestibility coefficient of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, or the in vitro fermentation parameters. However, the use of ruminal fluid as inoculum for the in vitro fermentation presented values of a higher degree of confidence in relation to feces to determine the in vitro digestion coefficient of the nutrients.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil winter covers and soil mechanical loosening on soybean and corn yield, in no-tillage system. Two experiments were carried oud in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in a compacted Argissolo Vermelho (Haplic Acrisol), in the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 crop seasons. The first experiment was carried out in a complete block design, with a split plot arrangement. The treatments were two theoretical working depths of a driller chisel-type furrow opener (0.06 and 0.12 m, split plot), and three soil winter covers (main plot): fallow, black oat (Avena strigosa), and black oat+common vetch (Vicia sativa). In 2006, the soil cover black oat+common vetch was replaced by oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus). In the second experiment, in a complete block design, the soil was chiseled and treatments consisted of black oat or oilseed radish as winter cover crops. Cover crops reduced soil superficial (0-0,06 m) compaction compared to fallow and, in the 2005/2006-crop season, under low water availability, provided higher soybean and corn yields. In the 2006/2007-crop season, when water availability was higher, the same did not happen. Increasing working depths of the chisel-type furrow opener did not affect soybean or corn yields. Soil chiseling reduced soybean and corn yields in comparison to the continuous no-tillage system.


Fe filmsof thickness300A were prepared by electronbeam evapo¬ rationand dc magnetronsputter¬ ingonto LiNb03 single-crystal substrateexcitedby surface acoustic waves (SAWs)at 45 MHz. A biaxialanisotropy was induced in the filmplanefor evaporated films with the substrate excited at 8 V, but was not inducedat all in sputtered films.The sat¬ urationmagnetization Msof the evaporated films increasedwith increasing excitationvoltage, and reached the bulk value at an excitationvoltage of 8 V. How¬ ever, the Msof sputtered films was not changedby SAW excita¬ tion. The density of evaporated films was close to the density of bulk Fe at an excitation voltage of 8 V. This fact shows that the structure of evaporated filmschanged from a porous to a dense structure with SAW excita


The development objective of the Statistics for Results Project for Senegal is to better inform public and private sector decision-makers by filling gaps in the statistical knowledge base in the areas of employment, tourism, construction, and services, as identified in the National Strategy for Development of Statistics (NSDS), as well as build capacity for the production and dissemination of reliable and relevant data. The restructuring includes following changes: (i) the United States (U.S.) 1 million dollar additional finance (AF) will be combined with the remaining U.S. 300,000 dollars of the original grant (for a total budget of U.S. 1.3 million dollars) to pursue: (i) the production of statistics (component 1), (ii) the support of the overall capacity teaching of the school national school of statistics and economic analysis (ENSAE) (component 2), and (iii) the project management and monitoring and evaluation (M and E) (component 3); (ii) component 1, production of statistics (U.S. 1.15 million dollars), the aim is to continue statistical production activities by extending the geographical coverage of the construction cost index at national level and by introducing new activities related to the improvement of sectoral statistics (employment, agriculture, education, justice, security); (iii) component 2, ENSAE Senegal and training (U.S. 0.02 million dollars, this is to pursue the overall capacity teaching of ENSEA by: (i) continuing grant laptop to female students who succeed entrance exam, and (ii) decentralizing the certification training program at local level (other regions of the country) for survey field staff (enumerators, controllers, cartographers); (iv) component 3, coordination and M and E (U.S. 0.13 million dollars, this is to capitalize on the initial project organizational arrangements and to respond the demand needs as suggested the annual users satisfaction surveys by respectively: (i) maintaining the project management including M and E, and (ii) enabling to users to accede easily to microdata via web; and (v) the results framework is being revised at the intermediate outcome level to measure the results of activities financed by the AF.


GRADED EVENTS: Programming assignments ( 30%) Generally there are no late assignments. You will be wise to plan to submit a completed program or documented evidence of progress. I may give some quizzes, which will count in this portion of the grade. Midterm Exams (30%) : The first of these is tentatively scheduled as Thursday of seventh week. • Final Examination: (35%) As per finals week schedule, Tuesday, December 10, 10:15 a.m. And 5:00  7pm COURSE GOALS: 1* Overview of Computer Organization down to the microprogramming level. 2* Understanding of basic system concepts and software. 3* Sparc architecture and assembly language.


This paper discusses the semantic and syntactic relationships among Respectives and Reciprocals and their Scopes in Taiwanese and Mandarin. Also discussed are three memory types for anaphoric expressions, with their grammatical functions and stylistic effects in short term memory. Through examining the syntactic structure and co-occurrence constraints among the synonyms of new and old language layers, of different degrees of abstraction, and of equivalents between Taiwanese, Mandarin, Japanese and English, this paper discusses the stylistic principle for selection among synonyms, similarities across languages, and the direction of language change. The description confirms the view that the abundance of synonyms in Taiwanese has resulted from a high degree of language contact and multi-lingualism, while the retention of them can be attributed to different stylistic functions among the synonyms and the brain structure of the multi-linguals. 1) The brain uses simple and effective semantic features +I, -I, m-s, m+s, Scope that mark the anaphoric expressions in the long and short term memory and are projected across layers of syntactic categories. 2) The brain stores frequently used patterns and lexical entries in their respective modules as shortcuts for memory and cognition. 3) In forming an idiomatic pattern, function words showing grammatical relations can be deleted, replaced or added each with differing stylistic effect.


The optimistic bias is defined as judging one's own risk as less than the risk of others. Researchers have identified numerous personal and situational factors that moderate the extent to which people display the bias. It is unclear, however, whether these moderators affect the bias by influencing people's personal risk estimates or their risk estimates for a target. A review of moderators of the optimistic bias reveals evidence for both influences. Moderators associated with negative affect (negative mood, dysphoria, trait and state anxiety, event severity, and proximity of feedback) and control related moderators (perceived control and prior experience) appear primarily to affect personal risk estimates. Positive mood affects target risk estimates. Finally, moderators that surround the comparison process appear to have different effects. Specifically, the type of comparison target appears to affect target risk estimates, whereas attention to personal risk-related behaviors affects personal risk estimates.


ABSTRACT We recently reported that bacteria can be found within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. Some of these bacteria can metabolize and thereby inactivate the nucleoside analog gemcitabine. We demonstrated that the long isoform of the bacterial enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDD) mediates the metabolism of gemcitabine. The clinical effect of overcoming this potential mechanism of drug resistance has yet to be studied.


The present invention, capacitance angle encoder for detecting a rotational position with respect to the fixed body of the object to be rotated, and relates to removal possible feeders for circuit board component insertion machine, according to the present invention is the removal possible feeder angle encoder is provided. Angle encoder comprises a stator for supporting the first and second transmitting electrodes and the first and second receiving electrode, and a rotor for supporting the incremental coupling electrode and the absolute value coupling electrode. Incremental coupling electrodes, a first electrostatic field by a change in volume in response to changes in rotational position of the rotor is formed so as to be modulated, whereas the absolute value coupling electrode, the capacity corresponding to the absolute rotational position of the rotor second electrostatic field is formed so as to be modulated by changes. The signal processing circuit detects a first and second modulated electrostatic field, determines a measured value related to the position according to the detected electrostatic field. .FIELD 1


High strength bolts as the important tension member,having crucial effect for bearing capacity of grid structure.Especially for in-service engineering,when high strength bolt tensile load doesn't meet the standard requirements,how to determine the structure bearing capacity influence is particularly important.The article is aimed at the situation of the design review and analysis,through the bearing capacity reduction,reducing the high strength bolt bearing capacity,and the reduction of bearing capacity and the actual force are compared,to determine the safety of the structure.Through the question processing,provides a discussion for solving the similar problems.


Annually, huge quantity of solid wastes namely oil palm shell and clinker from Malaysian palm oil mills were
disposed as waste at dumping site. Continuous dumping of waste which has been increases over the years causes more land to
be used for waste disposal and also cause pollution to the environment. Realizing that utilization of these waste material in
concrete production would reduce amount of waste disposed, efforts has been taken to integrate both oil palm shell and
clinker as mixing ingredient to produce palm oil waste lightweight aggregate concrete. The present research was conducted to
investigate the effect of palm oil clinker as sand replacement towards workability, density and compressive strength of oil
palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete. All the specimens were prepared in form of cubes and water cured until the testing
age. The compressive strength test was carried out at 7 and 28 days. The result shows that inclusion of suitable amount of
palm oil clinker as sand replacement would be able to produce a more environmental friendly oil palm shell lightweight
aggregate concrete suitable for structural application. Incorporation of palm oil clinker as mixing ingredient would reduce the
amount of clinker disposed as waste and also control the use of natural river sand mined from the river bed thus ensuring
ecological balance as well as cleaner environment for future generation


ion Conventional approach of Content Analysis Initial/open coding are identified during data analysis Preparation Stage Selection of unit of analysis Making sense of data by reading through the data Reporting Stage  Explanation of result/analysis  Linkage to literature/extant theories Curriculum framework of vocational (D IV) and Bachelor undergraduate programs


III-V Semiconductors are indispensable for the realization of today's optoelectronic devices and this class of materials is also dominant in key high frequency electronics components for wireless communication such as mobile telephone systems. Thank to progresses in epitaxial growth techniques, the miscibility of binary III-Vs and the possibility to stack such layers of various compositions and doping levels (thus creating "heterostructures") is crucial for all these applications. The tailoring of heterostructure properties is limited by the different lattice constants of the range of available band gaps in order to prevent imperfections. Thus, for example, GaAs-based materials are limited to emission for a maximum of about 1200nm. This limitation can be greatly reduced by incorporating a few percent of nitrogen as a group V element into GaAs or GaInAs, i.e. by creating the so-called dilute nitrides. Nitrogen into the lattice of host material increases the lattice and causes a reduction in bandgap energy. Dilute nitride semiconductors are considered as an alternative to current systems for using applications such as laser, photodiode, solar cell, optical amplifier etc. due to their superior performance and low cost production. During the past decade, dilute nitrides, particularly the quaternary material system of GaInNAs/GaAs have attracted a great deal of attention, both because of unusual physical properties and potential applications in a variety of optoelectronic devices. Although the optical properties of GaInNAs/GaAs heterostructures have been extensively studied, there have been comparatively little experimental studies in transport properties in GaInNAs. The introduction of small nitrogen strongly disturbs the conduction band of Ga(In)As leading to significant effect on the electron mobility. A large drop in the electron mobility at room temperature has been observed in GaInNAs alloys, which can be attributed to both the enhanced electron effective mass due to the flattening of the conduction band edge, and the nitrogen complex-related strong alloy scattering. However, the addition of N has negligible effect on valance band, thus the hole mobility is expected to be much higher than that of electron at low temperatures due to the lack of N-related alloy scattering. In the proposed project, it is aimed to investigate optical properties and electronic transport mechanisms in nand p-type modulation doped GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures depending on different nitrogen compositions and post-growth thermal


Suzanne Little, PhD, is Fellow, Faculty, and Supervising Analyst, William Alanson White Institute. Her writing has been published in Ms., Boston Review, The Utne Reader, McCall's, Cosmopolitan, Saxophone Journal, Small Press, Explore: Journal of Science and Healing, Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, and Contemporary Psychoanalysis. Address correspondence to Suzanne Little via e-mail: email@example.com Psychoanalytic Perspectives, 14: 385 Copyright © 2017 Suzanne Little ISSN: 1551-806X (print) / 2163-6958 (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1551806X.2017.1342428


This thesis entitled "Design and development of interferometer for hard disk surface measurement" describes the design and set-up of a Michelson interferometer for hard disk surface measurement. This includes the optical set-up, imaging system and software design. The phase shifting method used in this project is Fourier transform method. A systematic and scientific experiment has been planned and conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the surface measurement equipment. The result was analyzed objectively with a statistical method. The analysis has clearly demonstrated the capability of the equipment in respect of accuracy, repeatability and stability.


The ability to maintain cell‐cell adhesion is crucial for tissue integrity and organization. Accordingly, loss of cohesiveness plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Desmosomes are cell junctions providing strong intercellular adhesive strength and dysregulation of desmosomal constituents contributes to cancer progression through altered cell signaling pathways. Here, we focused on the desmosomal adhesion molecules Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) and Desmocollin 2 (Dsc2), and their contribution to migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Silencing of Dsg2 but not Dsc2 resulted in loss of cell cohesion and enhanced migration, and invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. To identify potential pathways regulated by Dsg2, we performed kinase arrays and detected the activity of ERK and growth factor receptors to be significantly enhanced in Dsg2‐deficient cells. Consequently, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in Dsg2 knockdown cells normalized migration. Loss of Dsg2 resulted in reduced levels of the desmosomal adapter protein and transcriptional regulator Plakoglobin (PG) in an ERK‐dependent manner, whereas other desmosomal molecules were not altered. Overexpression of PG rescued enhanced migration induced by silencing of Dsg2. These results identify a novel pro‐migratory pathway of pancreatic cancer cells in which loss of Dsg2 reduces the levels of PG via deregulated MAPK signaling.


In 1992 the Yosemite Area Regional Transportation Strategy (YARTS) group began meeting to discuss access and transportation needs of visitors to the Yosemite region. The group included representatives of the five rural counties surrounding Yosemite National Park, the National Park Service, the state department of transportation, and eventually the U.S. Forest Service and other state and federal agencies. Urgency increased after the park instituted a program of gate closures to address congestion and parking problems within Yosemite Valley. Although the closures lasted only a matter of hours, the impact was felt for months to come as visitors changed their plans in the face of potential closures. Two years later, a flood permanently removed infrastructure within the park, including parking spaces and camping sites, making access from the surrounding communities even more critical. After 8 years of planning, YARTS has implemented the first regional transit service ever focused on the 4 million annual visitors to Yosemite. The 2-year demonstration service plan is not intended to replace automobile access to the park but rather to provide an alternative mode of access. The plan is creating a unique partnership between YARTS and private vendors who will provide the service and assume much of the start-up risk. The plan provides a working outline of the service, including anticipated service levels and fares. All of these plan highlights are discussed, along with a history of the YARTS organization, which describes the technical and political challenges to implementation.


By sport biomechanical analysis,the paper reveals the kinematic rules and technical characteristics of Chinese elite acrobatic gymnast Du Wei's double back somersault layout with double twist,and provide theoretical evidence and technical reference for Chinese gymnasts' improving and developing movement of this type.


FRP provides high strength,good fatigue properties,low relaxation rate,excellent corrosive resistance to steel in corrosive environments,etc.,and being taken as an alternative reinforcing material for steel to the corrosion problem.This paper describes the newest research work on the resistant performances of acid,alkali,salts,moisture,ultraviolet rays,temperature and fireproof of FRP tendons at home and abroad.Finally,advices for advanced research are provided.


September. In the USA, UK, and Canada, a large study conducted from 1990 through 2000 yielded standardized incidence rates of HUS of 2.7, 2.1, and 2.1 per million person-years, with a trend toward an increased incidence compared with previous reports from the same regions [1]. On the contrary, our results document a substantial decrease in the incidence of HUS in southern Iran. This trend in the incidence rate of HUS is likely to be related to the decrease in diarrheal gastrointestinal infections (especially with Escherichia coli 0157:H7), following the strong governmental policies coupled with extensive media publicity for hygiene promotion and prevention of gastrointestinal infections and training of general physicians on the best management for these infections. In contrast toHUS, the incidence of TTP is increasing in southern Iran, especially in the last 5 years. The incidence of TTP differs in different populations, being 3.8, 1.2, and 0.1 cases permillion in the USA, Canada, and UK, respectively [1]. Incidence in southern Iran (5.2 cases permillion in 2003) is somewhat higher than in these regions. Because not all patients with TTP present with neurological symptoms that were included among our diagnostic criteria, the real incidence may be even higher. These differences in TTP incidence rates between southern Iran and other regions are likely to be real, because there were no important differences in age and sex distribution between the examined populations. A seasonal pattern was noted for both TTP andHUS. For HUS, this seasonal pattern is similar to the seasonal pattern of E. coli 0157:H7 diarrheal infections. We could not find evidence of a primary clinical condition associated with TTP, but the seasonal pattern suggests that infective causes are likely to have played an important role.


A transamidinase activity was first reported independently by Borsook and Dubnoff (1) and by Bloch and Schoenheimer (2) who demonstrated the synthesis of guanidinoacetic acid from arginine and glycine in mammalian kidney. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the amidine group from donors such as L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid, L-canavanine (3, 4), and homo-arginine (5, 6) to acceptors such as glycine, L-ornithine, L-canaline, y-aminobutyric acid, /3-alanine (7), and hydroxylamine, A method for the preparation of transamidinase has been described by Ratner and Rochovansky (5). Starting with hog kidney as the source material, they purified the enzyme 80-fold. With this preparation the influence of pH, substrate specificity, kinetics of the forward and reverse reactions, and the equilibrium constant were studied.


Background: Postoperative infections (POIs) contribute to morbidity and mortality of surgical patients. There was no data on the prevalence and associated risk factors of POIs in the Limbe Regional Hospital (RLH). Methods: Selected patients were those who underwent a surgical procedure and were admitted into the surgical or maternity ward of the LRH between January 2009 and August 2012. Data studied included demographic variables, type of surgical procedure performed and postoperative follow-up. Data was analyzed for evidence of POIs using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and test for significance of association between POI and sex, age, procedures performed, hospitalization ward and duration of hospital stay. Results: 848 patients were selected among whom 78.8% were females. 62.1% of the patients were selected from the Obstetric and Gynaecology ward, while 37.9%were from the surgical ward. The mean age of the study subjects was 32.3±12.4 years. 175 patients met the criteria for POI giving a prevalence of 20.6%. The Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward had the highest prevalence of POI (61.7%). Prevalence of POIs was highest (64.3%) among patients in the 0 - 10 years age group. Males (26.7%) were at a higher risk of developing POIs .There was a statistically significant difference between POI and participants' age group (p<0.05). Peritonitis displayed the highest rate of POI (36.6%) while tubal ligation had the lowest (0%). Purulent wound discharge was the most frequent diagnostic criteria for postoperative infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of POIs ranged from 0 - 36.6%. Male sex and patients' age seemed to be associated with a higher risk of POIs. Surgery for acute generalized peritonitis had the highest risk of developing POIs.


: The current trend of high and even increasing traffic volumes in urban areas is unbroken. This puts high strain on urban road networks, which is aggravated by unforeseen traffic incidents. To mitigate this, the Organic Traffic Control offers a resilient, decentralised traffic management system. With the additional ability to take incidents into under consideration, its performance could increase. To promote this we have previously presented a density-based approach for clustering traffic flows in order to detect traffic disturbances. In this work we assess this approach in more detail. However, the fundamental shortcomings could not be refuted.


We studied the influence of age on the utility of carotid sonography in patients with transient ischemic attacks and strokes.


In this paper, we focus on the ARP table and PORT-MAC table of switches and describe their effects in Cumpus Network Management in detail. An IP-MAC-PORT Management System is designed with a new method to detect ARP Virus. The implementation of this system is tested. This system is helpful to Cumpus Network Management.


A study based on a post-occupancy-evaluation (POE), conducted in housing developments in the region of Campinas, Brazil, evaluated quality of life and sustainability indicators. These indicators were then related to site planning design guideline for low-income public housing projects that considered recommendations for integrated community and security, street and path system and parking, public and private open space and landscaping. Since this work is part of a broader study, which aims to develop evaluation tools, the proposed design guidelines were used by students in a graduate class, in order to verify its effectiveness. Bloom's Taxonomy was used to determine educational goals for design thinking in this class. First design thinking was instigated based on students' prior knowledge of life quality and sustainability indicators for housing design. Comprehension of proposed design guidelines was stimulated by the reading and discussion of related literature, paraphrasing or extension of proposed design guidelines and respective illustration with reference images. An existing low-income housing development, with award winning design, was selected and an evaluation of its conformance to proposed design guidelines was conducted comparing site or design images to reference images. This evaluation subsidized a design exercise for the selected housing development. The class was offered as a partially distance course with an agenda including: tutorials, theoretical classes, seminars and conceptual discussions. A new Brazilian open source e-learning environment was experimented and critiqued. Beyond traditional CAAD tools others such as wiki, blog, polls, chat, conferencing, web authoring and visit broadcasting supported collaborative learning and design. Results indicate the viability of design teaching in distance education courses for competent designers; however the experience shows the need for innovation in synchronous communication and visualization tools specific for architectural design users. Students evaluation of selected housing development and final projects indicate that the proposed guidelines for low-income public housing projects successfully supports the decision making process in order to incorporate quality of life and sustainability indicators in design. The experience presents a model of design education which incorporates technology integrated to human and environmental dimensions.


Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases (Cu,ZnSOD) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. These enzymes, for a long time considered peculiar of eukaryotic organisms have been found to be present also in bacteria. From an analysis of their protein sequences we can observe that, with few exceptions, the ligands of metal sites are conserved. Among the bacterial proteins the only one which does not conserve two of the residues able to bind copper is the protein from Bacillus subtilis. The BsSOD protein may be thought as a step of the evolution line from a no-Cu,ZnSOD world to the fully active Cu,ZnSODs. With this in mind we have tried to reconstitute SOD's activity through an artificial evolution obtained by introducing the copper ligands with site-directed mutagenesis. We have cloned the wild type, the two mutants P104H and Y88H-P104H which reintroduce one or both of the copper binding histidines respectively, reestablishing in the first case the ability to bind copper and in the second case the standard copper site of Cu,ZnSOD. We report the structural and biochemical characterization of the three proteins showing the restoration in the double mutant of a partially active Cu,ZnSOD and the resulting mechanistic and physiological implications.


East Han Dynasty marks an important stage of the development of that Powerful Lord transformed itself into Gentry.This paper gives an analysis of this transformative process as represented in the case of prestigious Ma Family.The Family was initially honored with its martial accomplishments.During East Han Dynasty it developed marriage relationships with the royal family.Gradually the Family grew into cultural Gentry in this historical context. The transition of Ma Family is significant in the sense that it reflects the process of social transition from Powerful Lord social type in Han Dynasty to Gentry type in Jin Dynasty.


The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to describe a new technological solution for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries based on virtual reality (VR) gaming, and (2) to analyze the variation in rated perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) of the participants when undergoing a rehabilitation session based on different VR games. Thirty-seven participants aged 23.7 ± 7.0 years tested during five customized VR games to provide a complete rehabilitation session after a musculoskeletal injury. The results of the Friedman test indicated a statistically significant difference in RPE scale and HR across the five VR games throughout a complete rehabilitation session (χ2 (4, n = 35) = 75.59; p < 0.001 and χ2 (4, n = 35) = 27.75, p < 0.001, respectively). RPE and HR increased significantly from Game 1 to Game 2 (z = –5.16, p < 0.001), from Game 1 to Game 3 (z = –5.05, p < 0.001), from Game 1 to Game 4 (z = –4.87, p < 0.001), and from Game 1 to Game 5 (z = –3.61, p < 0.001). Moreover, the results showed a high perceived usability of the system, greater intrinsic motivation to perform the rehabilitation exercises, a high level of immersion, and a good experience in the VR gaming environment. Our study stimulates extended intervention programs following-up on this immersive virtual reality rehabilitation system to support soccer players recovering from musculoskeletal injuries.


I was disappointed by your lack of judgment in publishing two articles about women in physics in the April issue. First, the ill-informed Forum article "Should we enrol more female students in physics?" by Mathieu Bouville (p18) was way off target in supposing to discuss the underrepresentation of women in science. The author presents a series of weak straw-man arguments that could equally well apply to all science-outreach activities, suggesting that it is a waste of time to try to encourage any more students to take up physics. And in that regard I wonder why the author chose to focus on women.


The low phosphorus (P) availability in soil, absorption inefficiency and high costs of phosphate fertilization are limiting factors for agricultural productivity. A biotechnological alternative is the use of soil microorganisms, capable of improving P disponibility, absorption and the use of fertilizer cheaper as rock phosphate fertilization (PR). This experiment was performed under screen house conditions aiming to evaluate the effect of an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus (HMA) (Glomus fasciculatum) and a P solubilizing fungus (MSP) (Mortierella sp.) on P uptake and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) growth, planted with three concentrations (0, 100 and 300 mg of P per each kg of soil) of PR. A significant increase (P≤0.05) in dry mass, plant height, mean stem diameter and foliar phosphorus, was observed in the HMA-inoculated plants compared with the HMA-non inoculated plants. No significant differences were identified when PR was added or MSP was inoculated. The results suggest that the use of HMA may improve P absorption and cowpea growth under the evaluated conditions.


This paper presents a simulated annealing method for maximizing the efficiency of a circular aperture generating a double-difference pattern. Its use is illustrated by a synthesis of a pattern with five inner lobes at -20 dB.


Objective
To discuss our experience and efficacy of modified hemispherotomy for the treatment refractory epilepsy secondary to cerebral hemispheric disorders in children.

Methods
From September 2015 to June 2016, a series of 5 patients with intractable epilepsy underwent modified hemispherotomy at Neurosurgery Department of Children's Hospital of Fudan University and were enrolled into this retrospective study. None of the patients had cerebral hemispheric atrophy or enlarged ventricles. Their ages at surgery ranged from 8 months to 8 years. The left hemisphere was involved in 3 cases and the right in 2.

Results
The operation time was 5-6 h and the amount of blood loss was 100-300 ml (mean: 170±84 ml). Postoperative MRI revealed complete disconnection of the affected hemisphere in all patients. There was no hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, infection or hydrocephalus. Postoperative follow-up lasted 4-13 months and all patients were seizure free. Four patients had reduced the dose of antiepileptic drug (AED) and 1 case stopped AED. All of the 5 patients were able to walk independently without any language impairment. All patients reported slight hemiplegia in the contralateral side. Neuropsychological development remained unchanged compared with preoperative status.

Conclusions
Modified hemispherotomy is suggested to be effective and safe for the treatment of intractable epilepsy related to cerebral hemispheric disorders, particularly in those patients without cerebral hemispheric atrophy or enlarged ventricles. The procedure could help reduce the blood loss during operation and is associated with less surgical difficulty.

Key words:
Hemispherotomy; Modification; Hemisphere dysfunction; Intractable epilepsy; Child


We present proof-of-principle results regarding the possibility of micro-engraving Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystals using laser ablation techniques. The results of the work show that this technique can be used for realizing integrated optics and micro-optics components that are based on such crystals, one of the envisaged directions being that of integrated electro-optical modulators.


THE INTRODUCTION of coronary care units has reduced the early mortality of acute myocardial infarction to between 3% and 27%'by providing prompt detection and treatment of arrhythmias. Cardiogenic shock secondary to left ventricular power failure continues to be the most frequent cause of death after acute coronary occlusion. Cardiogenic shock occurs in 10% to 15% of patients after acute myocardial infarction5-7 and is seen most frequently in patients who have had previous infarctions, especially involving the anterolateral walls of the heart.' Mechanical causes of shock, including rupture of the ventricular septum or free wall and papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture, are not included in this discussion. Hemodynamic criteria. The Myocardial Infarction Research Unit (MIRU) established by the National Heart and Lung Institute in the early 1970s defined cardiogenic shock as a syndrome of left ventricular power failure usually secondary to large myocardial infarctions.9 Clinical and hemodynamic variables describing this condition were also established (table 1). The introduction of invasive monitoring has identified distinct hemodynamic variables that describe patients at risk for developing ventricular power failure after mnyocardial infarction. The best single hemodynamic predictor of survival is the stroke work index because it is derived from cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and ventricular end-diastolic pressure, each of which have independent prognostic significance.1S-2 Patients with a stroke work index of less than 25 g-m/m2 have a mortality of 94% after myocardial infarction.'3 Forrester and others'3 14 have combined cardiac index or stroke work index with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to describe subsets of patients and their relative risk of mortality after myocardial infarction. Patients with pulmonary capillary wedge pres-


We consider in this paper the implicit complementarity problem imposed by quasi-variational inequalities and stochastic optimal control. The principal result is an existence theorem for the implicit complementarity problem in Hilbert spaces.


Discussion of Tony Harrison's translations and adaptations tends to focus on the texts; both Harrison's and the classical texts with which he is engaging. This chapter, however, explores his engagement not with the literary remains of the ancient world, but rather its physical remains. The chapter examines the ways in which works such as The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus, The Labourers of Herakles, The Kaisers of Carnuntum, and The Gaze of the Gorgon engage with the material remains of antiquity, arguing that the physical remnants increasingly exert an influence on a par with the literary texts and that, while Harrison's works from Trackers on remain deeply engaged with ancient texts, their engagement with antiquity and its legacy are far broader than that of the earlier writing.


Background and aims: The Colors are classified as complex toxic organic materials, which are considered as the most important pollutants from the textile wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of multi-walled carbon nanotubes use as adsorbents for the adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solutions and examined adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics. Methods: This experimental study was performed discontinuously and studied the effects of the different parameters including contact time, pH, mixing intensity, the initial concentration of the dye, and nanotubes dose on the dye removal of Reactive Blue 19. Experimental data were evaluated with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models for adsorption equilibrium and different isotherm models for kinetics of absorption were analyzed by comparing the total number coefficient of samples by the software. Results: The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of reactive blue 19 on multi-wall carbon nanotubes was found to be 7.546 mg/gr in optimal condition. The maximum absorbance in the first 60 min was obtained 3 hrs. By increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.04 to 0.08 g on 100 ml at the initial concentration, removal randoman for Reactive Blue 19 solution 25 mg/L, the dye removal efficiency was increased from 69.3% to 89.5%. At the optimized pH 4, optimal contact time 3 hrs, the dye removal efficiency was increased from 80.5% to 89.5% while the initial concentration of color was decreased from 75 to 25 mg/L. Conclusion: Due to the small size, high surface area, regulatory network and Cristal form of unique, high reactivity, and the remarkable function of multi-wall carbon nanotubes as adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from water solutions, the results showed that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes are effective adsorbents for the dye removal for reactive blue 19.


This paper presents a technique for the recovery of time delays associated with components of a signal in a multipath communication channel. Matrix pencil is used to recover these delays from the channel frequency response. This algorithm has some key advantages over traditional super-resolution techniques such as MUSIC. Most importantly, matrix pencil only requires a single channel estimate and can estimate the delays associated with coherent multiple components.


ABSTRACT Myogenin (MyoG) plays an important role in muscle differentiation, which can initiate the formation of the fusion of muscle cells and myofibroblasts. To investigate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of MyoG gene in Min pig, the promoter fragment spanning from −2085 bp to +118 bp was amplified with PCR, and the potential transcriptional elements were predicted via bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, nine promoter segments with different base pair sizes were obtained and ligated into PGL3-Basic vectors, respectively. Lastly, the functional activity of each of the aforementioned promoters was tested separately in transiently transfected C2C12 cells via a dual-luciferase assay system. The results indicated that the sequence −199 bp to −31 bp may have the basic activity of the promoter. Further analysis demonstrated that the sequence −137 bp to −101 bp was important for the basic transcriptional activity. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CdxA and MZF1 transcription factors may play an important role in the regulation of MyoG expression.


The manufacturers' position in today's increasingly competitive market is very challenging, as shown by the fact that each product has its substitute from other manufacturers. Consumers benefit from competition since it allows them to select the product from the most suitable manufacturer while also raising the issue of whether the product substitute is better or worse than the product to which the customer is accustomed. In such a situation, the manufacturers' position in the market is unenviable because they are forced to cater to each customer's needs and continuously monitor their competitors. The above issues can be resolved by direct communication with customers. The fact that the manufacturers must place their products in the domestic market mainly through intermediaries, i.e. retailers and in the international markets through wholesalers and retailers, makes their business operations much more difficult. The already complicated way of doing business must not be viewed as a mere sale; instead, it can be enhanced by utilizing the sales chain (manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, consumer) for the flow of information in the opposite direction (consumer, retailer, wholesaler, manufacturer), to retain consumers and increase product sales. We can use the sales chain for the information flow from the market if everybody involved in it feels the need for good, reliable, and quality information that will be adopted by the manufacturer and all sale participants, with an overarching goal to increase profits.


The emergence of middlemen in the Indian agricultural marketing sector can be traced to the Agricultural Produce Marketing Corporation Acts passed by State Legislatures all over India. Agriculture is a state subject, hence drafting legislation on marketing is the prerogative of the State. With the objective of protecting the interests of the farmer, the APMC Acts passed by States in India share the common features of dividing the territory of the State into specially designated 'market areas' with each area having an Agricultural Marketing Committee appointed by the Government. Such a committee may set up one or more government-run markets in which trading of designated agricultural produce may take place. Now, how has the system of marketing of agricultural produce taken place in India in the past? Outlining the basics, contrary to western market practices, the Indian farmer is prohibited by law from selling is produce directly to an urban retailer. He can sell to the end-consumers but there is a restriction- he cannot sell more than 400 kilogrammes. If he has a produce above this figure, then he has to proceed to the Agricultural Markets run by the Government. Licensed brokers, commission agents and traders operate at these markets. Only such licensed operators are allowed to buy agricultural produce from the producer. Therefore if an urban retail chain would like to purchase several tonnes of tomatoes to sell throughout the city, then it will have to procure them from these 'licensed market operatives'. The law prohibits them from sourcing them from the farmer. Rule 5 of the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing Rules explicitly says that agricultural produce can only be marketed at the APMCs. The stated objective of Indian Policymakers was to prevent exploitation of the farmer. They envisioned that the farmer's produce would be sold at these designated markets at prices which were publicly displayed and monitored by the government. This way whatever price the farmer sold his produce at could be monitored and ascertained for its reasonableness by the State Agricultural Market Committee. With buying limited to the license holders, their activities could be scrutinised to check whether they were paying the government approved prices to the farmer and not exploiting him. Unfortunately India faces the agony of having laws rich in nobility but lacking in practicality and shoddy in enforcement. There is no exception for the APMC Acts also. Originally intended to create a system wherein a group of carefully monitored functionaries would be allowed to purchase agricultural produce, the act backfired in action, ultimately creating a coterie of middlemen, who along with the complicity of the market committees, formed a virtual barrier between the farmer and the consumer, paying the former a pittance for his produce and charging the latter obscenely exhorbitant amounts for daily necessities. Thus, the provisions of the APMC Acts confer a virtual monopoly on market functionaries or 'middlemen'. Farmers near the city can easily go into town to sell produce. But for those who live many miles away from production centers and are to poor to afford bulk transport, their only choice remains the APMC markets. There it is quite possible for middlemen to collude with one-another and dictate prices. They can afford transport facilities to ferry produce in large quantities. This produce passes on further to wholesalers in the city, who in turn sell it to small retailers or peddlers. There is a price rise of rupees 4 to 5 at every step. The end result is that vegetables, many of which are purchased at Rs. 2 or 3 a kg from farmers is sold at 20 to 30 rupees a kilo to urban consumers. This setup has been going on for not less than 25 to 30 years (since the passing of the APMC legislation). It has affected every major town and city in India. Thus, millions of urban Indians have had to pay artificially higher prices and millions of farmers went underpaid. The profit made by middlemen rarely figures in banks. Their record of paying taxes is dismal. It is common practice for the business community to store money in cash and not in banks. Therefore, we are looking at diversion of large amounts of capital into unproductive use. Also, price rises do not benefit farmers. It is suspected that groups of middlemen are behind the rise by hoarding produce. Rampant corruption ensures that their activities go unchecked. Had open marketing been allowed, millions of farmers would have got at least 4 or 5 rupees more for their produce and would have enjoyed a much better financial status today. Even the role of the government in mitigating this is dismal. Reading the website of the Press Information Bureau of the Government of India, there was a press release regarding policy steps to reduce prices. Not a single step mentioned therein dealt with the role played by middlemen in inflating prices or even measures to check them. This could be possible because their finances make them very powerful in local politics. Mayawati in Uttar Pradesh used to call 'Baniya Sammelans' to appease her voters in the business class. Since it is believed that many middlemen hail from that community, it would be appropriate to examine the political influence of that class. Remedial measures are now being taken. Many states have amended their APMC legislation to permit contract farming and direct purchase of agricultural produce by urban retailer. Thus, the market functionaries at APMC markets will face competition. Direct purchase by organised retailers reduces the length of the supply chain, giving better prices to farmers and charging lower prices from consumers. In a field survey conducted by the researcher in Pune, 'More', the retail arm of the Aditya Birla Group was selling capsicum at Rs. 26 a kg. At the same time, upon inquiring, it was found that peddlers at the 'subzi mandi' nearby were selling the same at Rs. 30 a kg! Also, contract farming by corporates will help better growing methods reach farmers, as such agreements contain clauses which provide that the corporate will provide technology to the grower to improve his yield. This benefits both, the farmer through increased yield and the corporate, who can source the same quantity from lesser suppliers.


The Propagation Saw Test (PST) method was developed independently in Switzerland and in Canada in 2005 and 2006. It was inspired partly by observations of fracture propagation in earlier cantilever beam tests, and was partly based on notched-specimen tests that are common in fracture mechanics research. The PST has been used - in various modified forms - for investigation and verification of both shear-fracture and weak layer collapse failure models, for spatial variability studies, and for real-world avalanche forecasting and instability assessment. Many PST research and development studies have been conducted over the last several years, and recently there has been some debate regarding the best methodology and interpretation or application of test results. For these reasons, and given the recent or forthcoming adoption and standardization of the PST method by a number of international avalanche associations, we feel that researchers and practitioners could benefit from a comprehensive review of the development of the PST, its applications, and recent research which makes use of it. In this paper, we briefly review peer-reviewed articles, conference papers and presentations, and academic theses related to: the general test configuration and its relationship to fracture mechanics; the results of field experiments designed to test the influence of column size, cut direction, and slope angle on the test method; observations of 'critical' cut lengths, independent of column size in standard and non-standard test geometries; the empirical relationship between snowpack parameters and PST results; the basis for the original and modified test dimensions and methods; the verification of the method and validation of its application to the initiation and propagation of fracture; its applications to other research problems, such as fracture mechanics and spatial variability.


It is known that relativistic laser plasma interactions can induce accelerating fields beyond TV/m, which are capable of efficiently accelerating plasma background electrons up to 200 MeV. By optimising the plasma parameters it is now possible, with a compact IJ, 30 fs laser, to enhance the shape of the electron spectra and to produce a high charge electron beam with an energy peak centered at 170 MeV with an extremely good quality.


Results are discussed from measurements of the ionizing corpuscular radiation over Kheis Island during the period 1968 to 1970. Included are the intensity height behavior for galactic and solar cosmic rays and soft precipitating particles. The frequency, scale, and nature of the temporal variability of each type of radiation are given. (JFP)


The study takes into account the two Romanian Eastern regions (North East and South East) trying to emphasize the post-communist dynamics of the energy sector in order to draw a general perspective for the future evolution towards both energy security and a clean environment. Before 1989, the energy sector, that had to sustain not only the population needs, but also an oversized manufacturing industry, was based on big power plants usually using coal and oil and highly polluting the environment. The hydropower had a rather small share in the total energy production. This inherited system was very much resistant after the end of the centralized political system, therefore after the general industrial decline the energy sector remained the main source of air pollution in many towns and cities from Romania. Meanwhile, in the last 6-7 years, due to a favourable national political context, we assisted, especially in the analysed area, to an important emergence of renewable energy investments (mainly wind and solar energy, but also biomass or hydro-energy). Our purpose is to evaluate, from a geographical point of view, the extent and the implications of a desirable progressive shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy that could radically change the territorial relations and sustain development on the long term.


Summary PortableRoughPump An improvedvacuumsystem,usingcombinedIon and Cryo-pumpingtechniqueshas been successfully usedon Van de Graaff acceleratorbealntubes. The pumping through-putof theIon pumpshas proved more thanadequatein handlingtubedischarges. Basepressuresare in themid lo-7torrrange,whileoperatingpressures havebeen improvedby factorsof 2-9 over Hg. diffusionpumpedsystems. System maintenancehasbeenvirtuallyeliminated. ThispaperdescribesIonpump starting techniques,roughingsystemsand characteristicoperationof Ionpumpingand combinedIon and Cryo-pumpingon a C.N.and E.N. accelerator.


The objectives of this research were to produce the orange essential oil microcapsules by complex coacervation for application as the spot coating solution on food packaging, and to study the effects of wall system gelatin-acacia gum (GE-AG) and gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose (GE-CMC), pH values (3.0, 3.5, and 4.0), and ratios of core to wall material (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4) on the properties of produced microcapsules. The result found that appropriate pH values for producing microcapsules using GE-AG and GE-CMC were 4.0 and 3.5, respectively. While, appropriate core : wall ratios for producing microcapsules using GE-AG and GE-CMC were 1:2 and 1:4, respectively. Microcapsules showed a spherical shape with numerous oil-in-water emulsion cores in the pattern of multicore microcapsules, in which GE-CMC gave the microcapsule wall layer obviously thicker than another one. Therefore, the appropriate conditions for producing orange essential oil microcapsules was use of GE-CMC as wall system and must be formed using 1:4 core : wall ratio at pH 3.5. The obtained microcapsules from such condition exhibited the highest microcapsule yield (55.19 ± 4.30 %), total orange essential oil content (657.17 ± 17.76 mg/g fresh weight), and encapsulation efficiency (88.04 ± 0.90 %). These microcapsules will be further applied as spot coating on food package. Keywords : encapsulation, complex coacervation, orange essential oil, spot coating, food package


Let X be a "nice" space with an action of a torus T. We consider the Atiyah-Bredon sequence of equivariant cohomology modules arising from the filtration of X by orbit dimension. We show that a front piece of this sequence is exact if and only if the H^*(BT)-module H_T^*(X) is a certain syzygy. Moreover, we express the cohomology of that sequence as an Ext module involving a suitably defined equivariant homology of X. One consequence is that the GKM method for computing equivariant cohomology applies to a Poincare duality space if and only if the equivariant Poincare pairing is perfect.


The present research seeks to explain cross-cultural differences in two strategies for coping with unsuccessful outcomes (consideration of multiple options and persistence) through regulatory fit, a development of the self-regulation theory. We propose that, because of regulatory fit, eager consideration of multiple options is more encouraged in promotion-focused cultures, whereas vigilant persistence is more encouraged in prevention-focused cultures (a culture-strategy regulatory fit). In addition, if an incentive is introduced to motivate the use of these strategies, a gain-framed incentive is more effective in promotion-focused cultures whereas a loss-framed incentive is more effective in prevention-focused cultures (a culture-incentive regulatory fit). The hypotheses for the culture-strategy fit (Study 1) and the culture-incentive fit (Study 2) were both supported, with samples of Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs (in both studies), and Hong Kong Chinese (in Study 1). Taken together, the findings contribute to the understanding ofcross-cultural differences in copingwithunsuccessful outcomesandsuggest the existenceof cultural regulatory fit.Copyright© 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. No human being is perfect, and coping with unsuccessful endeavors is inevitable. Interestingly, people from different cultures cope with failures in different ways. A real life example pertains to a personal experience of some acquaintances of the first author. They were all members in joint teams of software engineers from Israel and from one of the East Asian countries working together on a complicated R&D project. Very soon they identified a pattern: whenever something in the software did not work, the East-Asian engineers wanted to work more and improve the existing solution whereas the Israeli engineers suggested that new solutions should be developed. In fact, when trying to generate new solutions, Israeli engineers came up with much more new solutions than East Asians. The managers of the project (of the two cultures) encountered a dilemma regarding the best way to motivate the team. The Israeli managers suggested giving out bonuses to boost the team's performance to meet a certain standard, whereas the East-Asian managers indicated that their own experience point to a different reinforcement scheme as more efficient: postponing annual salary increase to punish the team for not meeting a standard. What stands behind these cultural differences related to the use of the strategies and the use of incentives? Could these strategy-related and incentive-related cultural differences share the same common psychological processes? We suggest that regulatory fit is a shared process that underlies these cross-cultural differences. The present research uses the regulatory fit theory to examine our understanding of why people from different cultures prefer different ways of coping with unsuccessful outcomes. By and large, people try to learn from their failures and strive


Using the method of SQUID magnetometry, the features of the antiferromagnet-ferromagnet thermomagnetic transition in arrays of the nanosized disks of Py/NiCu/Py synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) have been investigated. The effective interlayer interaction in individual SAFs "ferromagnet/diluted ferromagnet/ferromagnet" (F2/f/F1) changes from high-temperature antiferromagnetic to low-temperature ferromagnetic upon the transition at the Curie temperature TCf of the interlayer f. Temperature dependence of the magnetic parameters of individual layers and their effect on the features of the thermomagnetic transition are determined. The observed properties are important for the development of temperature-controlled nanoscale SAFs and multilayer nanostructures based on them.


Abstract The disease burden in South Asia is complex and multifaceted: old, new, re-emerging and newly recognised conditions all coexist and interact in ways that we have yet to fully understand. The characteristics of COVID-19 have stressed these comorbidities. A discussion on longevity and the theory of epidemiological transition is followed by an analysis of the Indian experience with infectious and non-infectious diseases, injuries and inflammatory conditions, as an illustration of what has been happening in South Asia more generally. These conditions are not hermetically sealed from each other with comorbidities frequently the cause of death even if the official data does not reveal this. In the final part of this essay, the significance of the research findings in the other five papers that comprise this collection are discussed: these deal with the role of hospitals, new diagnostic and drug technologies and the question of 'elite capture' as an explanation for the high cost of medical care for the poor. The collection presents case studies from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Our collective approach has been to see the disease burden and health-care responses through a political economy of death and disease, and to link that with insights from ethnographic research and case studies.


Abstract An urgent aim of ecology is to understand how key species relate to climatic and environmental variation, to better predict their prospects under future climate change. The abundant dwarf shrub bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) has caught particular interest due to its uphill expansion into alpine areas. Species' performance under changing climate has been widely studied using the climatic space‐for‐time approach along elevation gradients, but potentially confounding, local environmental variables that vary along elevation gradients have rarely been considered. In this study, performed in 10 sites along an elevation gradient (200–875 m) in W Norway, we recorded species composition and bilberry performance, both vegetative (ramet size and cover) and reproductive (berry and seed production) properties, over one to 4 years. We disentangled effects of local environmental variables and between‐year, climatic variation (precipitation and temperature), and identified shared and unique contributions of these variables by variation partitioning. We found bilberry ramet size, cover and berry production to peak at intermediate elevations, whereas seed production increased upwards. The peaks were less pronounced in extreme (dry or cold) summers than in normal summers. Local environmental variables explained much variation in ramet size and cover, less in berry production, and showed no relation to seed production. Climatic variables explained more of the variation in berry and seed production than in ramet size and cover, with temperature relating to vegetative performance, and precipitation to reproductive performance. Bilberry's clonal growth and effective reproduction probably explain why the species persists in the forest and at the same time invades alpine areas. Our findings raise concerns of the appropriateness of the climatic space‐for‐time approach. We recommend including both climatic and local environmental variables in studies of variation along elevation gradients and conclude that variation partitioning can be a useful supplement to other methods for analysing variation in plant performance.


How universities make decisions based on scientific and technological information and allocate resources effectively is an important guarantee to promote the construction of "Double First-rate" in China. Based on Pearson correlation and least squares linear fitting, this paper compares, analyzes and predicts the competitiveness of scientific research of ESI universities in Shandong province. The results show that A University has an absolute advantage in quantity, quality and total citations; also, A University, F University and B University have better performance in citation impact than the rest; and Web of Science documents quantity and H-index have a strong correlation with total citations; C University, E University and D University would possibly outperform B University in annual publications in WoS in 2020. The results of this study will help the universities in Shandong to grasp the orientation and trend of the research competitiveness, and further optimize the policy guidance and scientific research management, thus effectively promote the development of universities. 基于科学计量学的高校科研竞争力对标分析与预测 张岩, 朱艳硕,吴曼, 周晓梅, 殷小川, 李光旭, 赵玉涛, 孙康 青岛科技大学图书馆,青岛,中国 青岛科技大学机电工程学院,青岛,中国 通讯作者


The magnetic properties of hard Sr ferrite are closely related to the composition of raw materials,crystal size and the sintering temperature and so on.By analyzing the magnetic tiles made by different manufacturers,it is found that the better properties of Japanese tile,is mainly attributed to the high uniformity of the grain size,moderate temperature of sintering,and low content of γ-Fe2O3 miscellaneous.So,high performance ferrite tile may be produced by optimizing production technology and controlling low content of γ-Fe2O3 miscellaneous and a reasonable crystal microstructure.


Application of IPS photo alignment technology began as mass production for large size LCD TVs in 2012 through the development period of more than 10 years. Display quality such as contrast ratio has been improved dramatically based on the advantages of non-contact alignment. Practical application of this technology for the use of mobile such as tablets has also been started.


RONG HUANG. The Effect of Electrospun Interlayers on the Delamination Resistance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy. (Under the direction of Dr. Ericka Ford and Dr. Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam.) Because of their high strength and stiffness, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are widely used engineering materials for construction and aerospace applications. Delamination within laminated CFRPs results in the complete failure of the composite, because it weakens the composite's strength through its thickness. Poor interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and brittle matrix resin lead to delamination. In this research, the nanofibrous interlayers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were studied as toughening agents within CFRPs. In this thesis, the results and discussion section was divided into two parts. Part I discussed the effects of electrospinning parameters on web structure. Polymer type (PVA and PVAc) and concentration, tip-to-collector distance (TCD), and winding velocity of collected nanofibers were varied to explore their influence on fiber diameter, orientation distribution and morphology. Electrospun PVA, having a 12 cm TCD and 12% polymer concentration, presented the best measurements of fiber orientationwhere the anisotropy ratio was 0.41. Part II reported a study of CFRP toughening as a result of having electrospun PVA and PVAc interleaves within the composite. Electrospun PVAc toughened CFRPs the best. Composite samples containing electrospun PVAc interlayers resisted higher amounts of mechanical deformation. The optimal basis weight for PVAc nanofibers was 10 g/m2, where the toughness was improved by 25% without reducing the maximum shear strain and shear stress. © Copyright 2017 Rong Huang


Asynchronous multiplexing schemes are most applicable when the traffic on the network is characterized by relatively long idle periods between the transmitted packets of data. An asynchronous system that provides random access makes the most efficient use of the channel. However, when the intensity of the traffic increases (i.e., the channel is being accessed by many users at the same time), collisions between packets become unavoidable and the throughput of the channel is greatly degraded. To alleviate this problem, spread spectrum multiplexing techniques, commonly known as code division multiple access (CDMA), can be applied. Application of CDMA requires a channel with a large bandwidth, such as an optical channel. Processing the received coded data requires a correlator. If high data rates are used, because of the bandwidth expansion of CDMA, a fast correlator must be implemented. Although for conventional systems this correlation requires sophisticated electronics, optical correlators could handle this fast processing with less complexity. Therefore, the CDMA scheme proposed here was implemented by optically correlating the incoming coded data. One set of codes that show promise for our application are prime sequences obtained from a Galois field GF(P) where P is a prime number and N = P**2. An experiment is described employing a P = 5 code sequence on a 100-Mbps fiber-optic link using 32 chips per bit. This optical CDMA system can potentially allow many more chips per bit, and therefore more users, than conventional systems.


The 1993 Woody Award has gone to John Baglin, honoring the time and effort he has provided to the Materials Research Society. Offered "in recognition of outstanding service and dedication on behalf of MRS as exemplified by Woody White, MRS President, 1984," the award was presented to Baglin by 1993 MRS President Tom Picraux at the Council dinner during the 1993 Fall Meeting. On receiving the Woody Award, Baglin commented that it was the "most special thing I could imagine happening." He believes in the strong role MRS has in supporting researchers in the materials community. "Working with MRS is stimulating because of the vitality and energy of the people involved—both volunteers and the HQ staff. And it is rewarding because MRS can and does have a unique impact in the progress of materials research, which itself has so much to offer the world community today and in the very exciting future," he said. Baglin was MRS president in 1988, a meeting chair in 1985. He has served as a councillor and symposium organizer, and has chaired various committees. As chair of the Publications Committee, "he was the force behind its existence," according to Picraux. Under Baglin, the committee initiated transfer of proceedings publication from Elsevier to MRS, and recommended initiation of Journal of Materials Research. The Awards Committee, which he currently chairs, has developed and initiated the MRS Medal and the Outstanding Young Investigator Award, and, with headquarters, developed the current awards brochure. He led the Long Range Planning Committee, developing methodology to generate a comprehensive 10-year MRS plan, and chaired a task force which formulated a plan for MRS electronic processing and network facilities. "It's tremendous fun," Baglin said. "There will be plenty more years for me," he added, saying that it was Woody White himself who encouraged him to volunteer in and "make a difference" to MRS. Baglin is at IBM's Almaden Research Center, where he manages materials physics research in the area of thin film interactions and characterization of materials surfaces and coatings. His research interests are ion beam modification of materials, ion beam analysis, and thin film interactions. In 1983, he co-organized an MRS symposium on Thin Film Interactions, and in 1988 was an organizer of a symposium on Thin Film Adhesion. His recent research has involved ion-beam-enhanced adhesion, such as metal on ceramic and copper on Teflon.


A new boundary condition is employed in the kinematical model analysis of Bragg‐peak profiles of layered single crystals, which is the dynamical reflection amplitude of the substrate instead of the previously used dynamical intensity. It is shown that this boundary condition properly accounts for the angular shift effect in the Bragg‐peak profile of very thin epitaxial layers and superlattices. A kinematical model simulates properly the interference profiles in the C‐layer Bragg peak of C/A/C/sub‐type samples, but not in the B‐layer Bragg peak of the B/A/B‐type samples. The simulated and experimental rocking curves for the thin single‐layer AlGaAs/GaAs and GaInAs/InP samples and for an AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice sample are discussed. Rocking curves are simulated by using the dynamical diffraction theory and the kinematical model with the old or new boundary condition. A matrix method for the dynamical theory superlattice simulation is also presented. The superlattice simulation using this matrix method is f...


The disc type monopole antenna structure according to the present invention, semi-circular region and the second frame-shaped region against them is provided with a frame-like region of the second on the side opposite the semi-circular region There are notches further inside the antenna structure (5) is formed.


The ways to develop DL information resources by the method of ontological modeling are considered. The contents of document collections agree with the ontology and depend on the level of knowledge about the respective objects in Karelia. Scientific publications are indexed automatically by means of subject ontology. This enables application of the ontologies for building contextual search queries


Fengxiang county,Baoji city was selected for the study.Based on the analysis of ecoagricultural advantages and the limited factors,three modes of eco-agriculture construction were put forward,that is,the integrated ecological pattern of"planting-raising-processing",the ecological engineering pattern of green and organic food development,and the compound and cyclic pattern of"planting-raising-methane-processing".


The instruments, methods, and procedure for obtaining the data, the method for calculating heat balances, the description of the kilns and ware, and the efficiencies of the kilns, six in number, are given in detail. Two round downdraft kilns, one muffle, one rectangular horizontal draft, one semicontinuous, and one wholly continuous kiln were investigated. A bibliography is appended.


The influence of plant cytology on the construction of cytological practices with animal cells is explored here. This short essay aims at a dialogue with Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's proposal about the intersections between objects and instruments and about how to look at slide "preparations." I select microscopic preparations of chromosomes to analyse the practices and meaning of polyploidy as an historical object. The study of the practices of Swedish geneticist Albert Levan by the late 1940s and early 1950s suggests that polyploidy filled the gap between plants and animals, while at the same time accounted for differences between the two.


Laboratory experiment and theoretical analisys are performed focusing on the two effect of pile-array or tall vegetations on sediment transport in sandy rivers. The one is additional resistance which reduces velocity and bed shear force, making erosion and bed load decrease. The other is increase of diffusivity of the flow field by means of the wake behind them. In the experiment, it is shown that the bank region is made shifted toward the center of the river with those two effects. And, taking account of them into the theoretical analysis, the general features of equilibrium bed form are well explained.


The health of a river depends on the quality of its water, which is influenced by the presence of pollutants. The quality of water is generally assessed by a range of parameters, which express physical, chemical and biological composition of water (Meybeck and Helmer 1992). This research deals with some specific water quality parameters of the Buriganga River, which include: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (ECw) and the concentration of lead, chromium, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus. The guidelines as provided in the literature (Chapman and Kimstach 1992; Liston and Maher 1997) have facilitated the appropriate selection of these water quality parameters, which have been considered in relation to water use and pollution sources.


The purpose of this paper will continue sharing on the subject regarding change and resistance to change within the corporate environment. The first offering involves sharing some important aspects in maintaining organizational change within a firm's stakeholders. The second portion will be to share information pertaining to key organizational characteristics that can help foster a positive work environment to receive changes, and ending with what support can this paper's author use to substantiate his chosen key characteristics to promote a healthy organizational change program.


This hazard model analysis is based on data from a recent sample survey linked with individual income records from the Directorate for Taxation. It demonstrates that work experience strongly increases the rate of entry into parenthood in Norway, a result which has not appeared clearly in previous investigations in other countries. Moreover, the analysis confirms that longer time spent in school is an important explanation for the rising age at first birth. The birth intensity for a single woman decreases as her educational level and income potential improve. Apart from that, variables related to current or prospective women's wages seem to be unimportant. These results suggest that wealth accumulation deserves a central position in the theoretical models, and throw doubt on the notion that costs of childbearing are high for women with a high earning potential. Alternative interpretations are also discussed.


Landslides in forested landscapes have far‐reaching implications, beyond that of just destroying the forest itself, sometimes initiating large‐scale sediment disasters. Although vegetation increases slope stability through its root network, it is hard to evaluate its contribution to slope stability over a wide area. In this study, the relationship between tree height and landslide characteristics in the Ikawa catchment, central Japan, was investigated to develop a method for evaluating the effects of forest cover on slope stability over a regional extent. Catchment‐wide tree height was obtained using airborne LiDAR point cloud data and used in conjunction with the root depth profile, measured for trees of various height by digging trenches. Root tensile strength per unit area of soil was calculated from individual root diameters and empirical power law equations on the relationship between root diameter and root tensile force in order to better understand the effect that tree height has on slope stability. Landslide density in the Ikawa catchment shows that landslides occur more frequently in forests with shorter trees, with occurrence decreasing as tree height increases. This is likely due to the stabilizing features of larger trees having a greater network of roots, which is supported by the general increase in total root area and the deeper penetration of root biomass into the soil as the height of trees surveyed increases. Landslide density was not solely affected by tree height, but also by slope gradient and plane curvature. Decreasing landslide occurrence and landslide area as tree height increases suggests that slope stability increases with tree height, while the random distribution of results when comparing landslide depth to tree height suggests that while tree height has an impact on relative slope stability, the landslide failure depth is independent of tree height, and thus controlled by other factors. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Metamaterials are man-made substances with unique spatial alternations in their constituent components. They are widely used in modifying elastic, acoustic, or electromagnetic properties of materials. Metamaterials induce low/high-frequency band gaps to control wave propagations with different wavelengths and are also frequently applied in microwave engineering, waveguides, dispersion compensation, smart antennas, and lenses. For instance, permittivity and permeability of the metamaterials can take positive or negative values. Due to smaller single-cell dimensions than their wavelength, the selective frequency of surface-based metamaterials is used for waveguiding. The need for adjustable bandgaps can also lead to a plethora of research into metamaterials' tunability for structures that operate at different speeds. In this article, recent studies in the field of metamaterials and their applications are reviewed. The piezoelectric metamaterials and the electromagnetic metamaterials are introduced that is followed by a review of new types of chiral metamaterials. Additionally, absorber, nonlinear, terahertz, tunable, photonic, selective surface-based frequency in acoustic metamaterials are comparedand some remarks on tuning bandgaps methods in locally resonant metamaterials are provided.


1024x768 Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE The end-of-term student evaluations have a twofold purpose: to provide information for administrators to make personnel decisions, and to help instructors to improve the quality of their teaching. The aim of this study is to investigate the 'utility' of the Student Ratings of Instruction (SRI. To that end, the concerns of the administrators, instructors and students regarding the use of the SRI in formative and summative evaluations are questioned. This study also investigates possible variables associated with the SRI: 1) what are the differences in ratings among the below-average, average and the above-average students? and 2) what is the correlation between the students' grades and ratings? The participants of the study consisted of 5 administrators, 17 instructors and 292 students from the faculty of education of a foundation university in Ankara. A triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted. In the first phase, causal comparative and correlation research methods were implemented. In the second phase, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the SRI among the below-average, average and above-average students. The correlation between the student grades and the SRI was significant at a low level. The SRI were reportedly utilised to make teaching more effective and to make decisions when employing part-time personnel only. The permanent personnel were not affected by the SRI. Suggestions have been put forward to verify the usefulness of SRI. Keywords: Student ratings, evaluation, quality teaching, decision making


Using a direct shear test on soil-soil interface and root-soil interface of Caragana intermedia and Salix psammophila, friction characteristics of the interface was examined, and the influences of normal stress, dry density of soil and soil moisture content on friction characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that, the shear characteristics of root-soil interface of Caragana intermedia and Salix psammophila obeys to the Mohr-Coulomb theory. Friction coefficient of root-soil interface of Caragana intermedia and Salix psammophila increased with increasing dry density of soil. The effects of soil moisture content on friction coefficient and cohesive strength at root-soil interface of Caragana intermedia and Salix psammophila was similar to that in pure soil. With increasing soil moisture content, friction coefficient decreased, and cohesive strength increased firstly, and then decreased. In the main roots distribution layer, although the cohesive strength of root-soil interface was inferior to soil-soil, the shear strength of root-soil interface was stronger than that of soil-soil because of increasing friction coefficient. It indicated that the capacity of resisting displacement at root-soil interface was higher than that at soil-soil. So far as the friction characteristics were concerned, soil reinforcement of Caragana intermedia roots was better than that of Salix psammophila roots.


This paper reports the initial research results of applying an evolving neural network to unit commitment. In this technique, a genetic algorithm is evolved to intelligently decide the initial weights and the connection in the artificial network to solve the unit commitment problem. By using the proposed approach, any stagnation during NN training can be prevented. Besides, the proposed NN converges into a global minimum for a given range of space. The NN would not be trapped into an undesirable local minimum as with the case of backpropagation algorithms. Also, the evolving NN with weight or topology options have lower training error when compared to NN with random initial weights.


The role played by the heaviest fragment in partitions of multifragmenting hot nuclei is emphasized. Its size/charge distribution (mean value, fluctuations and shape) gives information on properties of fragmenting nuclei and on the associated phase transition.


Optical character recognition (OCR) is an efficient way of converting scanned image into machine code which can further edit. There are variety of methods have been implemented in the field of character recognition. This paper proposes Optical character recognition by using Template Matching. The templates formed, having variety of fonts and size .In this proposed system, Image pre-processing, Feature extraction and classification algorithms have been implemented so as to build an excellent character recognition technique for different scripts .Result of this approach is also discussed in this paper. This system is implemented in Matlab.


The Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit) was released for civil and commercial use in the late 1960's. Oil explorers use Transit in most offshore exploration operation. Sometimes the Transit position fires are used to confirm other position data, or often it is integrated with other navigation equipment to form a system which maximizes the benefits of all the individual sensors. Differential navigation and positioning is currently in use with Transit and in use with the radionavigation systems Loran C and Omega. Navstar GPS if made available to the oil exploration industry with its full capability, would provide a solution to many of the positioning problems. If there is a cost effective and accurate way to use US government funded navigation satellites within the constraints imposed on the civil community, the oil exploration industry and its supporting manufacturing and service companies will find it. (DP)


The issues around church and war followed Karl barth during his whole career. His most extensive and systematic discussions of war are found in the Church Dogmatics. Here he questions the naturalne ...


SUMMARY This paper explores the perceptions of social disqualification or 'stigma' that service users attrib uted to public child welfare services in random samples of service users taken from the Netherlands, a part of Spain (Catalonia) and a part of the United Kingdom (Wales). It was found that, in all three samples, foster and residential care invoked the greatest sense of stigma, while the health related and the preventive family services were perceived as the least stigmatizing types of public welfare services. Comparative analysis further revealed that a positive attitude towards the use of public welfare services, a perception of supportive or non-stigmatizing social norms regarding the use of such services, and a perception of public welfare services as helpful correlated in all three samples with higher levels of user satisfaction and involvement in the services. It was further found that, in the British and Spanish samples, a positive attitude towards public welfare services, as well as a perception of public welfare services as helpful for their recipients, were the predominating factors promoting higher levels of satisfactory user involvement in the services, while, in the Dutch sample, a perception of supportive social norms was the factor that most promoted satisfactory user involve ment Most countries of the Western world have an array of welfare services to help troubled children and their families. Such services typically range from preventive child and family services, through day-care and foster care for children, to residential treatment of children with behavioural difficulties


In Norway, as in most other countries, official shipping statistics are scarce and give little information beyond the number and tonnage of vessels arrived from and departed to foreign countries (1). These statistics give no figures for the amount of cargo carried, and no information as to the type of vessels, only their nationality. To get the "freight balance" for Norway, i. e. the balance between seaborne cargo (by weight) to and from foreign countries, we may use the trade statistic figures and corrigate for the railway-traffic. The West-European countries, importing bulky raw materials and exporting manufactures, have usually uneven freight balances, with an excess of inward bound cargo. The freight balance for Norway is also uneven, but here the outgoing cargo exceeds the ingoing, due to the transit of Swedish iron ore through the port of Narvik. In 1951 the outgoing cargo amounted to about 14 million tons (including 8 mill, tons Swedish ore), and the ingoing cargo to 7% mill. tons.


S a result of the 1990-91 Persian Gulf crisis and war, President Saddam Hussein came to personify Iraq, or at least the Iraqi regime, in the minds of most Americans. Portraying him as the epitome of evil-another Hitler-helped President George Bush rally support for the war against Iraq. Inside Iraq, Hussein has, indeed, personified his country since taking over as president in 1979. The stamps of Iraq-like its monuments, posters, textbooks, museums, and mediaprovide revealing evidence of Hussein's image as a larger-than-life leader and of the road modern Iraq has traveled.1 Around the world, stamps are a form of propaganda through which governments project selected images, and they are too illuminating a source to be left only to the philatelist. By their frequency of appearance or absence, symbols of Sunnis and Shi'a, Arabs and Kurds, and ancient Mesopotamian and classical Islamic themes document the unending construction and reconstruction of modem Iraqi identity.


Reports in the literature indicate that ova can develop in foreign oviductal environments in vivo at least to the blastocyst stage. Warwick & Berry (1949) reciprocally transferred the cleavage stages of sheep and goats and obtained blastocysts in both instances. Averill, Adams & Rowson (1955) found that the cleavage stages of the sheep developed to 8-day blastocysts when transferred to the rabbit oviduct. Briones & Beatty (1954) were unsuccessful in their attempts to transfer cleavage stages between rat, mouse, guinea-pig and rabbit. However, Tarkowski (1962) reciprocally transferred the cleavage stages of the rat and mouse and obtained development to the blastocyst stage. Reciprocal and non-reciprocal transfer of ova to explanted ampullae of the rat and mouse have been investigated to determine whether: (1) rat ova will develop in organ culture since they are somewhat refractory to the in vitro methods of culture used so successfully in the mouse (Brinster, 1963); and (2) the oviductal environment of the explanted ampullae from either species will support growth of foreign ova. Methods of preparation and culture of mouse oviducts and the collection of zygotes have been described elsewhere (Whittingham, 1967, 1968a). Immature female albino rats, 26 to 28 days old, were injected intraperitoneally with 30 i.u. of pmsg followed 48 hr later by 10 i.u. of hcg. After the second injection, the vagina was opened and the rats placed with proven males. The following morning they were checked for mating by examining the vaginal smears for spermatozoa. Fertilized 1-cell ova were obtained from successfully mated females and ampullae were removed from unmated animals, flushed with culture medium (Whittingham, 1968a) and placed in organ culture. The ampullar region of the oviduct was cultured since it has been shown previously that this region, but not the isthmus, supports development ofmouse zygotes in organ culture (Whittingham, 1968a).


The effect of sexually variable migration and selection are explored within the general context of Wright's island model of migration. An analysis for the development of protection of polymorphisms is constructed for a migratory system in which pollination is strictly localized within mating-selection demes, but fertilized seed from each deme create a zygotic pool for regenerating all demes. It is found that selective differences in pollen and ovule production affect the maintenance of polymorphisms in different ways and that a mixture of homozygote excesses and deficiencies can exist for different alleles at a multi-allelic locus. A system of sedentary pollen with migrating seed is contrasted with a system of migrating pollen with sedentary seed distribution. This latter system is strongly protective of polymorphisms and always creates a deficiency of homozygotes below Hardy-Weinberg expectations even in the absence of selective differences. The effect of the sexes on evolutionary dynamics is not just a matter of reversing sex roles since gamete versus zygote dispersal requires different supporting effects from the migrating and sedentary sexes. Finally, these two systems are compared with systems of pollen and seed migration and with pollen and seed localization with respect to the protection afforded polymorphisms and departures of homozygote frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The effects of environmental heterogeneity on all systems are also compared. Relationships of these models to other models are drawn.


Abstract A convenient and efficient procedure for the construction of esters from stable sulfoxonium ylides and alcohols has been developed. This protocol presents a broad substrate scope and good yields of the desired esters can be isolated. Notably, no catalyst, oxidant, base or any other additive is required.


Superintegrable quantum mechanical systems with spin are presented. These systems admit a generalized Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector and possess the dynamical symmetry with respect to group SO (4) for bound states. Our discussion is restricted mainly to 2d and 3d systems, but a special class of arbitrary dimension systems is presented as well.