We propose theoretically a four-mode coupled optomechanical system to explore the optical-response properties of an optical trimer system consisting of a passive cavity, a no-loss-gain cavity, and an active cavity coupled with a mechanical oscillator. In the study, the passive cavity is driven by an external laser so that the stability of the coupled system depends strongly on the gain-to-loss ratio and the photon tunneling between the adjacent cavities. We find that in the regime near the stable-unstable critical point, the resonance absorption of the optical trimer system changes quickly with the increasing gain of the active cavity. In contrast, when the mechanical oscillator is coupled to the passive cavity, the center absorption peak is split and a phenomenon of optomechanically induced transparency appears. Consequently, two additional resonance peaks in the absorption profile are induced by the optomechanical coupling, which hinges on the tunneling between the optical cavities and also on the gain of the active cavity. The dependence of the width of the transparency window on the optomechanical coupling and the driving strength is also discussed in detail. The results obtained here indicate that the optical properties of the trimer system can be manipulated by coupling a mechanical oscillator to the system and therefore have a potential application in quantum optics and quantum information processing.


Fishing industries generate each year, millions of tons of marine shells rich in chitin. These residues are discharged into the sea or buried in the ground. However chitins have a high economic value due to their physicochemical properties and their industrial and biomedical applications. Modern agriculture relies on extensive use of pesticides, which generate a number of risks, specially the contamination of groundwater. Studies carried out in scope of Loukkos perimeter by INRA of Tangier showed the presence of residues in groundwater because the uncontrolled and excessive use of pesticides. The aim of this work was to decontaminate waters using chitin and chitosan as adsorbents of Linuron, a toxic pesticide widely used as herbicide. Chitin is a biopolymer obtained from the shells of shrimp and Chitosan was prepared by deacetylation process in alkali media (NaOH). Characterization of chitin and chitosan was achieved by infrared spectroscopy. Linuron adsorption was carried out using the Batch method under different experimental conditions such as contact time, pH and pesticide concentration. The adsorption process was followed by in situ UV-spectrophotometric technique in a specially designed adsorption cell. Linuron adsorption was characterized by studying the adsorption and desorption kinetics and isotherm. The results show that Chitin and Chitosan are good adsorbents for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solutions. The quantity eliminated was depended on the initial concentration of Linuron, herbicide-adsorbent, contact time and pH of solution. The pesticide adsorption on chitin and chitosan is at its maximum at pH [5, 7].The adsorption was described by Freundlich and Langmuir models and the corresponding isotherms were well fitted both to the two models.


The bachelor project deals with the production process of red and rose wines. It also includes characteristics of red and rose wines, varieties of grapes suitable for production of red and rose wines and the grapes processing. Production technology of red and rose wines is described as well. Storing and serving process is mentioned in the end of the project.


Introduction and AimsThe ossified superior transverse scapular ligament is one of the risk factor for the suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy and poses a challenge during suprascapular nerve decompression.This study has been done to understand the various mechanisms of neural injury leading to suprascapular entrapment neuropathy and to compare its incidence in different populations. Materials and Methods-131 dryIndianhuman scapulae (64-right and 67-left) were examined and analysed. Results-6.1%(8 in 131) scapulae presented with completely ossified STSLof which 3 on right side and 5 on left side. ConclusionThe anatomical knowledge of ossified STSLmay be helpful for clinician dealing with suprascapularnerve entrapment neuropathy and the knowledge of underlying mechanism of injury to nerve may be helpful in planning the appropriate treatment strategy. KeywordsScapula, Superior transverse scapular ligament, Suprascapular notch, Suprascapular neuropathy, ossification. INTRODUCTION The superior transverse scapular (suprascapular) ligament is a thin flat fibro-fasciculus band attached laterally to the base of the coracoid process and medially to the medial (inner) side of the suprascapular notch. 1,2 The ligament and the notch together form a sharp edged inelasticosteofibrous foramen through which suprascapular nerve travels. 3,4 Suprascapular artery and vein usually pass over the ligament. 1,5 The classic description of superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) is a completely non-ossified single band and should be expected on average, in three-fourth of cases. 6 The documented variation of STSL includes calcification, partial or complete ossification and multiple bands. 6 The ossification of the STSL was considered anomalous by Harris et al. 7 The size and shape of suprascapular notch may be a factor in suprascapular nerve entrapmentneuropathybecause narrow notch has been found in patient with this neuropathy. 8,9 Suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy has also been described in clinical scenario without a visible ossification of STSL. 10 This is characterised by weakness of abduction and external rotation of the arm due to supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle denervation and frequently accompanied by ill-defined shoulder pain. 11 Variable incidence of complete ossification of STSL has been reported by research workers which vary in different population. In Indian scenario paucity ofdata on complete ossification are available. Hence this study has been reported to compare the incidence of ossified STSL in different population, to explain its various mechanismand to discuss its clinical implications. Parineeta Suman et al COMPLETE OSSIFICATION OF SUPERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR LIGAMENT: INCIDENCE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Int J Cur Res Rev, July 2013/ Vol 05 (13) Page 81 MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried out on 131(Right64, Left-67) dried human scapulae of unknown sex obtained from Department of Anatomy, SVS Medical College,Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh and Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Each scapula was observed to see the presence of completely ossified STSL. Representative photograph of STSL were taken using digital camera (sony 16 megapixel).Quantative data pertaining to the dimensions of STSL were recorded in milimeters.Dimensions of STSL (Superior maximal length, inferior maximal length, thickness at medial and lateral end) has been measured with divider and meter scale. The scapula with bilaterally damaged superior margin were excluded from the study. RESULTS Macroscopic examination revealed that 8 (3right side, 5left side) out of 131 (6.1%) scapulae had completely ossified STSL.Dimensions measuredare given in Table-2. DISCUSSION Thecompletely ossified STSL is one of the most important factorsof suprascapularnerve entrapment neuropathy andmay pose achallengeat surgical exploration during a suprascapular nerve decompression. 6,12 Incidence of complete ossification of STSL differs from population to population as shown in table-1. In the present study we observed 6.1% incidence of completely ossified STSL which is close to Polguej 12 ( 6.25%).Silva etal. 13 have reported 30.76% incidencewhich is quite high as compared to our study(6.1%).Gray D J 14 found 6.34%(73 in 1151) suprascapular foramen but no foramen in 87 Indian scapulae. In some population complete ossification of STSL was very rare for eg. in Alaskan Eskimos-0.3%, native American2.12.9%. 15 Osuagwuet al. 10 reported a case of complete ossification of STSL in Nigerian male adult. Khan 16 &Das etal. 17 also have reported cases of complete ossification of STSL in Indian population.Cohen 18 et al described a familial case of calcification of STSL affecting a 58 year old man and his son who had STSL calcification causing entrapment neuropathy of suprascapular nerve and its attendant clinical symptoms of pain, weakness and atrophy of supraspinatus muscle. Usually cases of Suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathy due to ossified STSL complain of deep and diffuse, poorly localized dullor burning pain in the posterolateralaspectof shoulder, which exaggerate on activity and often can be elicited by palpation over the region of the scapular notch. In some cases the pain radiates to theipsilateral extremity, the side of the neck or the front of the chest. The pain is accompanied by weakness on abduction and external rotation of the shoulder and atrophy of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle. 19,20 Muscle atrophy usually begins before the clinical signs &symptoms and patient's complaints. 19,20,21 Thethorough understanding of anatomy of suprascapular nerve is of paramount importancefor an early diagnosis & proper treatment. Suprascapular nerve, a long mixedsensorimotor peripheral nerve originates from the lateral aspect of superior trunk of the brachial plexus with contribution from the 5 th and 6 th anterior cervical roots, occasionally from 4 th root as well. The nerve then travelsdown to reach the upper border of the scapula and enters the supraspinatus fossa through the suprascapular notchbelowthe STSL(suprascapular vessels usually abovethe STSL). The nerve travel obliquely along the floor of the supraspinatus fossa under supraspinatus muscle,supplies it and take a sharp turn around the lateral margin of the base of the scapular spine with the suprascapular vessels passing below a debated(60.8%) 22 spinoglenoid ligament to enter the infraspinatus fossa.Here it supplies the infraspinatus muscle. 1,4,5,11,19,23 The suprascapular nerveentrapment neuropathy may be of -chronic type (compression, traction, Parineeta Suman et al COMPLETE OSSIFICATION OF SUPERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR LIGAMENT: INCIDENCE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Int J Cur Res Rev, July 2013/ Vol 05 (13) Page 82 friction leading to repetitivemicrotrauma) or acute type (direct trauma eg. fracture of scapula,dislocation of shoulder,fractureneck of humerus,fracture of the clavicle). 11,20,21 Suprascapular nerve is commonly susceptible to compression mainly at two major sites, suprascapular notch and spinoglenoid notch. 6 Suprascapular nerve injury at suprascapular notch may occur as a result of compression by the overlying superior transverse scapular ligament, specially if it is ossified, 12,17 calcified, 18 bifid, 24 trifid, 6 hypertrophied 25 and/or presence of anterior coracoscapular ligament just below the STSL as reported by Avery 60% (16 in 27) 26 , Bayramoglu18.8%(6 in 32 ) 23 , Piyawinijwong 28%(19 in 127) 27 , Polguej50%(47 in 93) 12 and/or presence of space occupying lesion eg. ganglionic cyst reported by Ticker 6 , might be due to reduction in available space for the suprascapular nerve passage. The shape of suprascapular notch has been associated with the risk of nerve injury as well. Rangachary 9 et al. examined 211 cadaveric scapulae and categorized the notch shape into 6 different types –TypeI-no discrete notch, Type IIwide V-shaped notch, TypeIIIwide U-shaped notch, TypeIVnarrow V-shaped notch with impression of nerve, TypeVU-shaped notch with partial ossification, TypeVIbony foramen.Our study is concerned to Type VI. Ticker 6 classified the notch into two types 'U'& 'V'shaped. Although it has been hypothesized that suprascapular nerve entrapment is more likely to be associated with narrow V-shaped notch, no direct correlation between notch type and suprascapular nerve injury has been demonstrated. 28 The suprascapular nerve entrapment neuropathywithout visible ossification of STSLcan be explained by another mechanism of nerve injury ie. traction (mechanical stretching) with or without friction (rubbing) of suprascapular nerve. The nerve courses through several areas of critical nerve fixation (like at the site of emergence and termination of the nerve, at the suprascapular notch and spinoglenoid notch, on the floor of supraspinatus fossa under the hypertrophied supraspinatus muscle) and areas of sharp turns. Due to repetitive overhead activities and forceful rotational movements during sports such as volleyball, 29 baseball, 30 the suprascapular nerve is subjected to traction and kinking specially at suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches as the nerve is within a notch and held by a overlying ligament. 6,24,25,31 Rangachary 9 et al. found that nerve become closely opposed to the STSL with depression, retraction and hyperabduction of shoulder and hypothesized that mechanism of nerve injury might involve kinking of the nerve against the STSL(sling effect). The stretching of the nerve may also be exacerbated by scapular protraction which move the scapula(and its base of the spine) laterally. It has been hypothesized that this stretching of nerve can be further exacerbated by simultaneous contraction of infraspinatus muscle in which contracted infraspinatus muscle pulls the nerve medially while it is tethered laterally by the base of the spine of the scapula. 29 It has been shown that spinoglenoid ligament inserts into pos


In the industry of nitric acid, the principle of weight loss of Platinum on Platinum alloy catalyst gauzes in high temperature environment were discussed .The catchment principle of Palladium to Platinum on Palladium alloy catchment gauzes was reviewed in detail. The current status and the future development of palladium alloy catchment gauzes in the industry of nitric acid were discussed.


The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether patellar denervation with electrocautery (PD) without resurfacing after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had an advantage over no patellar denervation (NPD) regarding postoperative anterior knee pain (AKP) and knee function. The electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to June 2017. Four hundred and eleven papers were identified and 8 randomized controlled trials containing 881 knees (796 patients) were finally eligible for meta-analysis. GRADE approach was used to assess the overall quality of evidence. The pooled results showed that PD could reduce the incidence of AKP and improve WOMAC score in early period (within 12 months) (P=0.0001), but not maintain after 12 months follow-up (P=0.12). In addition, we found better knee functional outcomes in range of motion (ROM) (P=0.02) and Knee Society Score knee score (KSSKS) (P=0.002) and the results did not change over time. We also identified PD was associated with better Oxford Knee Score (OKS) after 12 months follow-up. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in visual analogue scale score (VAS), patella score (PS), and other outcomes. Based on this meta-analysis of all currently published RCTs, the findings have important implications for the medical community, namely, that PD is a safe procedure to reduce the incidence of AKP in early period and improve the knee function with similar rates of adverse events compared with NPD.


The LHCb experiment is designed to study properties and decays of heavy flavored hadrons produced from pp collisions at the LHC. During Run 1, it has recorded the world's largest data sample of beauty and charm hadrons, enabling precision spectroscopy studies of such particles. Several important results obtained by LHCb, such as the discovery of the first pentaquark states and the first unambiguous determination of the Zc (4430) - as an exotic state, have dramatically increased the interest in spectroscopy of heavy hadrons. An overview of the latest LHCb results on the subject, including the discovery of four strange exotic states decaying as X → J/ψϕ, is presented. LHCb has also made significant contributions to the field of BC+ physics, the lowest bound state of the heavy flavor ̅b and c quarks. A synopsis of the latest results is given.


MMIC Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA). Room temperature LNAs for 165 to 193 GHz with low 1/f noise, and a noise figure of 6.0 dB or better; and cryogenic LNAs for 180 to 270 GHz with noise temperatures of less than 150K. Earth Science Decadal Survey missions that apply: PATH and GACM. Low loss, low RF power waveguide SPDT diode switches and active noise sources for frequencies above 90 GHz to support calibration of SWOT and other atmospheric temperature and humidity measurements. Broad band 180 - 270 GHz radomes for aircraft borne submillimeter remote sensing instruments. and chemical composition: 2 and Reactive and and


Objective To investigate the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) in 10 cell lines for the further research.Methods Ten cell lines were detected and analyzed by flow cytometry using CEA specific human monoclonal antibody C2-45(IgG1).Results All of MKN-45,CHO-CEA,QGP-1 and KATO Ⅲ were obviously CEA-positive cell lines.The expression of CEA in KNS-62 and Hela-CEA were weaker than that in the four cell lines above.There was very low expression of CEA in HT-29 and CaCO2.There was almost no expression of CEA was detected in CHO-MK1 and MKN-74.The expressions of most CEA cell lines were almost coincident with these reported in other research.Conclusion The characteristic such as the expression of CEA lost in cell line may influence its biological behaviour and further lead to the uncertainty of the experiment.


Abstract
This paper serves as an introduction to Risking Capitalism. To this end, I discuss the key questions, aims, and themes driving this collective project. Although the contributions differ in their use of political economy and political ecological with regard to housing, poverty, and climate change, they share a similar concern of interrogating the material, institutional, and discursive features of the production, representation, and governance of risk – a phenomenon that the World Bank views as loss and opportunity. In particular, they chart the relationship between risk, contemporary capitalism and its neoliberal modes of governance. After establishing the objectives of Risking Capitalism, I provide a general context from which to understand the significance and meaning of global risk management (GRM) with reference to the shared policy experiments of the World Economic Forum and World Bank. Mirroring the contributions in this volume, I start from the premise that risk is a social relation. This allows me to argue that GRM represents a new mode of neoliberal governance emergent from the structural violence produced by the expansion of credit-led capitalism. In the final section, I lay out the structure of the volume.


The effective use of simulation for logic verification and test evaluation frequently requires simulation capabilities at different levels of detail. This paper discusses the functional level simulation capability in the LAMP system at Bell Laboratories and its relation to gate level simulation. The Function Definition Language (FDL) used for specifying the behavior of functional blocks is discussed. Functions described in this language can be embedded in gate level circuits and simulated to determine the normal circuit behavior or faulty behavior. Classical faults external to functions and user specified internal faults in functions may be simulated. The effectiveness of functional simulation has been demonstrated in a number of applications such as memory modules in a large controller of an Electronic Switching System, the ROM in a small controller and an entire microprocessor treated as an interconnection of a few functional blocks.


【Objective】A reverse genetic technical platform of the classic swine fever virus(CSFV) Chinese strain was established and used to study the propagated mechanism of C strain of CSFV in cell culture and to develop DIVA marker vaccine.【Method】A full length infectious clone pAC-CS was constructed successfully based on the CSFV C strain which cultured in primary bovine testicular cells.Linearized plasmid pAC-CS,transcripted with T7 RNA polymerase in vitro,and then transfected into BHK-21 and SK6 cells respectively by electropration.The rescued viruses were harvested from routine culture on SK6 cells and the supernatant of virus harboring SK6 cells,respectively.【Result】 The viruses were detected through RT-PCR,immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA) and rabbit fever reaction.The results indicated that the virus was successfully rescued,and the efficiency of transfection in SK6 was higher than in BHK-21.After 12 "passages" of the virus harboring SK6 cell,the virus titer in the supernatant was 104TCID50.【Conclusion】A full length infectious clone of CSFV C strain was successfully constructed.The efficiency of transfection into SK6 by electropration was better.High titer viruses could be obtained from the supernatant of the virus harboring SK6 cell.


Despite advances in open surgical techniques and cardiopulmonary bypass, cerebral injury still remains a frequent postoperative complication with these procedures. We report a case of thoracic aortic aneurysm that developed after coronary artery bypass grafting of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). It was successfully managed by means of endografting and an axillary-axillary bypass procedure, so as to maintain left subclavian arterial flow.2-4


When one is working with insect traps, baits and repellents, it is important to know the responses at different heights above the ground of the insect being studied. Questions arise as to whether an insect trap for certain pests should be placed near the top or in the center of a tree, whether a flytrap could be set more advantageously on top of a windmill tower than on the ground, or at what level status tests for insects should be made. In April, I930, while a study was being made of the status of blowfly parasites in different localities, interference with the baits by dogs necessitated the placing of the bait containers in trees. It was suggested that the increased height might affect the extent of parasitism. To determine this a test was made at Uvalde, Texas, in which jars containing meat were exposed at various levels, permitting blowflies and their associated insects to breed in the meat. This test was begun in June, 1930, and continued until September; it was repeated during the same months in I93I. The author is indebted to the following specialists for determination of specimens: Diptera, J. M. Aldrich, E. W. Laake, David G. Hall; Hymenoptera, A. B. Gahan; and Coleoptera, E. A. Chapin, H. S. Barber, W. S. Fisher.


Abstract : The effect of matrix heat-treatment on the creep resistance of five Ni3Cb-Ni3Al eutectics was studied. Results showed that the specimens possessed excellent uniformity and the creep test results were very reproducible. The five compositions were ranked according to their creep resistance. Although there was little effect of heat treatment at the temperature studied, the accurate creep data obtained is quite informative for alloy future development. A possible deformation and fracture mode was identified and is being investigated in detail.


Quality of life of patients undergoing androgen deprivation is an issue that has received limited attention in the past but is currently being actively evaluated in clinical trials. This issue becomes more important as patients with longer life expectancy and no metastatic disease are treated for longer durations.


Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma Game: Influence of Social Relations Maurice Grinberg (firstname.lastname@example.com) Evgenia Hristova (email@example.com) Milena Borisova (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, 21 Montevideo Street, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria Abstract As PD game is used as a model for describing social dilemmas and studying the phenomenon of cooperation, there is a great interest in the conditions that could promote or diminish cooperation. The paper explores the influence of the type of relations among players on cooperation in the Prisoner's dilemma game. The relations between players are operationalized according to Fiske's relational models theory (Fiske, 1991): communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing. This is achieved by using various ways of distributing the total payoff gained by a dyad of players in a series of Prisoner's dilemma games: each player receives the total payoff (unity), one of the players receives more than the other (hierarchy), each player receives half of the total payoff (equality), each player receives a portion of the total payoff proportional to his/hers individual payoffs (proportionality). For these four conditions, the cooperation rates, the mutual cooperation, the mutual defection, and the payoffs gained are analyzed and compared for a series of forty games. The results show that in the proportionality condition there is less cooperation, less mutual cooperation, more mutual defection and less total payoff than in the other three conditions. C R, R S, T D T, S P, P Player II C D Player I Player I Player II C D C D Figure 1: Payoff tables for the PD game – with standard notation for the payoffs and an example. In each cell the comma separated payoffs are the Player I's and Player II's payoffs, respectively. In game theory several assumptions about the game and the players are made. The agents are assumed to be perfectly rational and to have perfect information about the game. Under these conditions, they are supposed to try to maximize their payoffs in a completely selfish manner (Colman, 2003). From this point of view the dominant strategy in the game is defection (in one-shot or in repeated PD games with a fixed and known number). This prediction is in contrast with the behavior of the players observed in laboratory settings or in real life situations. In human societies, people cooperate all the time and often cooperation is seen as one of the foundations of human civilization (see e.g. Gardenfors, 2003). Sally (1995) provides a meta-review of the experiments involving PD games published between 1958 and 1995 and shows that in its iterated version (the game is played many times), cooperation choices are made in 20-50 % of the games (mean 47.4 %) and even in one-shot games many players cooperate although much less than in the iterated version. Several studies have shown how cooperation can emerge from expected utility or anticipatory reinforcement models without any specific relations between the players (Grinberg, Hristova, & Lalev, 2010; and the references there in). However, it is clear that the deeper understanding of how people make decisions while playing PD games should account for the role of the social relations involved in the interactions. Moreover, as the PD game is central in the Keywords: Prisoner's Dilemma, decision-making, cooperation, social interaction, relational models Introduction Prisoner's Dilemma Game The Prisoner's dilemma (PD) game is one of the most extensively studied social dilemmas. PD is a two-person game. The interest in studying PD game arises from the idea that many social situations and problems such as overpopulation, pollution, energy savings, participation in a battle, etc. have such a dilemma structure (Dawes, 1980). The payoff table for this game is presented in Figure 1. In the PD game the players simultaneously choose their moves – C (cooperate) or D (defect), without knowing their opponent's choice. In order to be a Prisoner's dilemma game, the payoffs (see Figure 1) should satisfy the inequalities T > R > P > S and 2R > T+S. Because of this game structure a dilemma appears – there is no obvious best move. On one hand, the D choice is dominant for both players – each player gets larger payoff by choosing D (defection) than by choosing C (cooperation) no matter what the other player chooses. On the other hand, the payoff for mutual defection (P) is lower than the payoff if both players choose their dominated C strategies (R for each player).


This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme (APS) for solving the coordination problem that deals with coordination directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays second zone time, in relation to coordination with DOCRs. The coordination problem becomes more complex with the impact of renewable energy sources (RES) when added to the distribution grid. This leads to a change in the grid topology, caused by the on/off states of the distribution generators (DG). The frequency of topological changes in distribution grids poses a challenge to the power system's protection components. The change in the state of DGs leads to malfunction in reliability and miscoordination between protection relays, since that causes a direct effect to the short circuit currents. This paper used the school-based optimization (SBO) algorithm, which simulates the educational process, in order to deal with coordination problems. That algorithm is modified (MSBO) by modified both learning and teaching processes. The IEEE 8-bus test system and IEEE 14-bus distribution network are used to validate the proposed coordination system's effectiveness when dealing with the coordination process between distance and DOCRs, at both the near- and far-end in the typical topological grid and with DGs in working order.


Abstract The connections with end plates and bolts can be used in steel bridge structures, or joining the decking beams, which can lead to very simple and economical constructive solutions. The paper presents some theoretical aspects concerning the behavior and calculation of the end plate connections which is partially pre-tensioned by high-strength bolts, and supplementary a welded cover plate is added to the tensioned flange of the plate girder. In the case of connections subjected to tension forces, it is not recommended to prestress the bolts as much as is the case when the joints are subjected only to shear because live loads can lead to the overloading of the bolts; the overload is a function of the relative stiffness of the end plate and of the bolts. The additional welded splice at the tension flange contributes to the transfer of the large tension stresses from the extreme bolts to the welded cover plate, resulting in a significantly reduced joint assembly loading and an increased load-bearing capacity. The paper includes a numerical example highlighting the influence of the stiffness of the joint elements and of the welded splice-plate on the joint loading, considering its pre-tensioning effect from the cooling contraction of the longitudinal welding fillets.


We consider the distributed setting of N autonomous mobile robots that operate in Look-Compute-Move cycles and communicate with other robots using colored lights (the robots with lights model). We study the fundamental problem of repositioning N autonomous robots on a plane so that each robot is visible to all others (the Complete Visibility problem) on this model. We consider obstructed visibility under which a robot cannot see another robot if a third robot is positioned between then on the straight line connecting them. The literature solves this problem on the robots with lights model for point robots. In this paper, we study this problem, for the very first time, on the robots with lights model for fat robots, i.e., the robots which have physical extents. In particular, we present and analyze an algorithm for the fat robots of unit disc size extents that solves Complete Visibility in O(N) time using 9 colors in the fully synchronous setting avoiding robot collisions.


The data were collected through an online survey: 40 questions were sent to the 589 municipalities of Belgium. The questionnaire was administrated through an online platform (SurveyMonkey). Two channels of communication were used to administrate the survey. On the one hand, the questionnaire was sent to a database from Belfius Bank which groups all the municipalities of Belgium. On the other hand, other partners from the Smart City Institute were asked to diffuse the questionnaire as broadly as possible in their network (in Wallonia, in Brussels and in Flanders). The survey was available in two languages: Dutch and French. The data collection lasted 5 months (from May to October 2016). Calculi and statistical treatments were made with the software SPSS


The expansion of the online food services (collectively referred to as 'OFS') sector has been accelerating at high rates worldwide over the last few years. This sector is widely acknowledged, especially by urban consumers, for making life more convenient. During the strict lockdown following the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the OFS sector saw major growth, as many restaurants and grocery stores turned to the delivery format. Conversely, the sector has also been facing many challenges, which have lasting social, economic, and environmental impacts. Considering this situation, this study carried out a review of existing literature on the social, environmental, and economic impacts of OFS and explored the resilience gaps of this fast-growing food service business. To achieve this, relevant literature was collected through Elsevier's SCOPUS database and other sources. The authors have documented specific social, environmental, and economic impacts of OFS on consumers and providers. Furthermore, various changes in this sector following the pandemic have also been underlined in this study. A combination of policy actions at the national, local, private sector, and individual levels is crucial to mitigate the adverse impact of OFS; hence, greater resilience will be ensured.


. The group ring RG of a group G over a ring R (with identity \(R)) is a separable algebra over its center if and only if the following conditions hold: (a) R is a separable algebra over its center; (b) the center of G has finite index in G: (c) the commutator subgroup G' of G has finite order m and m\(R) is invertiblein R.


This study employs a qualitative research approach where focus groups (n=11) with key stakeholders (businesses, policymakers and consumers), validated by a wider group (n=50), were used to understand the potential for well-being to be implemented into the tourism business community. Focus group findings provided resonance to the study's theory and consequently were readily mapped onto a robust model extracted from the public health sector and for the first time applied in a tourism context using a systems theory approach. These results will be incorporated into the development of a questionnaire in order to quantitatively assess the well-being effects of tourism on the individual. Data from this research will demonstrate the synergy between the fields of public health and tourism by exploring the opportunities for creating healthier, more sustainable tourism destinations.


The aim of this article is to explore, in a broad and preliminary way, how changes in the law, in knowledge production and in the economy reciprocally shape and respond to one another. Working from selected examples, it reveals how intellectual property laws and regulations are reorganizing practices of knowledge production within and between knowledge institutions. It also addresses how scientists and their partners in industry, government and elsewhere are using or otherwise responding to legal developments as part of their strategy to advance their changing research and related economic, political and other interests and options. Following the analysis, the article discusses the wider social implications of the reciprocal transformation of knowledge production, the economy and the law and concludes with some reflections on how to respond to its more harmful effects.


The helicopter rotor system operates in a highly dynamic and unsteady environment leading to severe vibratory loads. Repeated exposure to this severe loading condition can induce damage in the composite rotor blades. These blades are generally made of fiber reinforced laminated composites and exhibit various competing modes of damage such as delamination, fiber matrix debonding, fiber breakage, fiber pull out and matrix cracking. There is a need to study the behavior of the composite helicopter rotor system under various key damage modes in composite materials, as this understanding can then be further used for developing a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system which will be able to predict these key damage modes in the helicopter from the measured data. An experimental study for understanding the combined influence of damages is carried out. Experimental analysis is carried out for non-rotating and rotating conditions. In the non-rotating conditions fundamental properties of composite rotor blade model viz. stiffnesses and natural frequencies in various directions are obtained. For the rotating conditions strains in various directions are measured for damaged and undamaged rotor blade models. Further, dynamic responses of undamaged and damaged blade are also obtained for rotating as well as non-rotating conditions.


UNLESS indicated, all dollar amounts are in the currency of the countries being discussed. In the Pacific, Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu use the Australian dollar, while the Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau use the New Zealand dollar. Fiji has its own dollar, shifting from the pound in 1969. In the kingdom of Tonga, the pound was replaced by the pa'anga in 1967. Samoa moved from the New Zealand pound to a decimal system of tala and sene in 1962. Papua New Guinea operated with a local version of Australian pounds and shillings until independence in 1975, when it adopted a decimal system of kina and toea....


A binary contingency table is an m × n array of binary entries with row sums r = (r1, …, rm) and column sums c = (c1, …, cn). The configuration model generates a contingency table by considering ri tokens of type 1 for each row i and cj tokens of type 2 for each column j, and then taking a uniformly random pairing between type‐1 and type‐2 tokens. We give a necessary and sufficient condition so that the probability that the configuration model outputs a binary contingency table remains bounded away from 0 as \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}N=\sum_{i=1}^m r_i=\sum_{j=1}^n c_j\end{align*} \end{document} goes to ∞. Our finding shows surprising differences from recent results for binary symmetric contingency tables. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012


Adequacy of niathematicl model of heat transfer in spherical semi-space to actual heat process under non-destructive thermo-physical control is studied. Heating stage from flat round heating source of permanent power is considered. Visualization of temperature fields in the item probe system is implemented.


AIMS
Treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)-inhibitors reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that a functional genetic variant in SLC5A2, known to be associated with familial renal glucosuria, would mimic pharmacological SGLT2-inhibition, and thus provide an opportunity to examine potential mediators of the effects on lower risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined 112,712 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and Copenhagen General Population Study (CCHS+CGPS), 488,687 from the UK Biobank, and 342,499 from FinnGen, genotyped for SLC5A2 rs61742739, c.1961A>G; p.(Asn654Ser). The 2.0% heterozygotes and 0.01% homozygotes were pooled as carriers and compared with the 98% non-carriers. First, we examined risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality; second, whether carrying the variant was associated with potential mediators of the effect; and third, whether identified potential mediators could explain the observed reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In the CCHS+CGPS, carriers vs. non-carries had 31% lower risk of heart failure, 21% lower risk of myocardial infarction, 16% lower risk of ischaemic heart disease, and 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality. Corresponding values in meta-analyses of the three studies combined were lower risk by 10%, 6%, 6%, and 9%, respectively. The SLC5A2 rs61742739 variant was not associated with risk of ischaemic stroke or cardiovascular mortality. Of the lower risks observed in CCHS+CGPS, lower plasma glucose mediated 2.0%(P=0.004) on heart failure, 3.1%(P=0.09) on myocardial infarction, 4.1%(P=0.02) on ischaemic heart disease, and 6.0%(P=0.39) on all-cause mortality; corresponding values in the UK Biobank were 2.9%(P=0.70), 1.5%(P=0.77), 4.1%(P=0.23), and 3.1%(P=0.21), respectively.

CONCLUSION
A functional genetic variant in SLC5A2, mimicking SGLT2-inhibition, was associated with lower risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality. These effects were at most minimally mediated through lower plasma glucose.

TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
The mechanism behind the reductions in risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality seen during SGLT2-inhibitor treatment is not fully understood. We examined potential mediators of these effects using a functional genetic variant in the gene encoding SGLT2, a variant that mimics the effect of pharmacological SGLT2-inhibition regarding reductions in risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population and found that the beneficial effects were at most modestly mediated by changes in plasma glucose. Our results support that SGLT2-inhibitors may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in individuals with and without diabetes in the general population.


The letter gives an approximate solution for wave propagation on a system of lossy multiconductor transmission lines with small losses. The solution leads to a general expression for the attenuation factor matrix. The expression gives a correct result for the cases of two and three conductors and can be used for any number of conductors.


This paper presents the process and outcomes of developing a national capability for strategic and portfolio planning within SBC Communications, Inc., a Fortune 100 company, and reviews the progress made and lessons learned since this initiative was implemented in October 2001. At this time SBC Corporate Real Estate standardised the planning approach used by its regionalised staff in order to achieve consistent business practices. This multidisciplinary effort involved process design, development of tools and templates, training and deployment, facilitation and mentoring, production of prototype plans, and ongoing coaching during implementation in 2002. The new approach, featuring scenario planning and economic modelling, has elevated planning services to an advisory level by emphasising shareholder value while satisfying business unit needs. Within the first year of implementation, the process has been fully endorsed by corporate leadership and adopted by business unit management. Refinements to the planning approach and enhancements to the methodology are being incorporated on an ongoing basis as part of a continuous improvement programme.


Guided by Green-Demers, Leagult, Pelletier, and Pelletier's (2008) assumption that amotivation (absence of motivation) is a multidimensional construct, we designed this study to investigate the influence of inadequate teacher-to-student social support on amotivation of high-school physical education students. Five hundred and sixty-six ninth graders completed questionnaires assessing psychological constructs and intentions for future physical education participation while physical education teachers rated their students' in-class effort. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that perceived teachers' inadequate supports in autonomy, competence, and relatedness were associated with different subtypes of amotivation. In turn, amotivation impeded in-class effort and intention for future physical education participation. The findings indicate that diminished social support from teachers may act as a significant factor resulting in students' amotivation. The multidimensional nature of amotivation shoul...


These criticisms do not undermine my strong appreciation of the authors' painstaking effort to build a rigorous methodology to understand what happens in our economies, where real and financial factors are intimately intertwined. This superb piece of research is the result of many years of joint efforts by the two authors, whose roots are in the last several decades of Godley's macroeconomic modelling (Taylor 2008). Both applied and more theoretically oriented colleagues can strongly benefit from reading it. These professional readers could have appreciated a more compact presentation omitting the simpler models of the first chapters, whose essential elements are resumed in the final chapters 11 and 12. However, the initial chapters could be usefully used for undergraduate courses, and enriched by new simulations with the computer package indicated in the book (19; 215-6: directions).


Discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for rural communities. Highlights the factors preventing rural communities from reaping the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and technological innovations to access them. Defines community information systems and lists selected successful models outside India. Despite the limitations in basic infrastructure and low‐level penetration of information technology in India, more than 50 grassroots projects are using modern ICTs for the benefit of rural communities. Describes selected community projects in India. Also identifies the bottlenecks in, possible solutions for and observations of the initiatives of rural projects. Concludes that creating information‐rich societies is a key element of poverty reduction and sustainable development. Community network centres can play a key role in meeting the socio‐economic aspirations of rural communities by successfully addressing the "eight Cs" of success in the digital age: connectivity, content, community, commerce, capacity, culture, co‐operation and capital.


The data distribution issue remains an unsolved clustering problem in data mining, especially in dealing with imbalanced datasets. The Kohonen Self-Organising Map (KSOM) is one of the well-known clustering algorithms that can solve various problems without a pre-defined number of clusters. However, similar to other clustering algorithms, this algorithm requires sufficient data for its unsupervised learning process. The inadequate amount of class label data in a dataset significantly affects the clustering learning process, leading to inefficient and unreliable results. Numerous research have been conducted by hybridising and optimising the KSOM algorithm with various optimisation techniques. Unfortunately, the problems are still unsolved, especially separation boundary and overlapping clusters. Therefore, this research proposed an improved pheromone- based PKSOM algorithm known as iPKSOM to solve the mentioned problem. Six different datasets, i.e. Iris, Seed, Glass, Titanic, WDBC, and Tropical Wood datasets were chosen to investigate the effectiveness of the iPKSOM algorithm. All datasets were observed and compared with the original KSOM results. This modification significantly impacted the clustering process by improving and refining the scatteredness of clustering data and reducing overlapping clusters. Therefore, this proposed algorithm can be implemented in clustering other complex datasets, such as high dimensional and streaming data.


The purpose of this monograph is to provide a nontechnical introduction to Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) as a method in its own right; no prior knowledge of Correspondence Analysis (CA) is needed. The presentation will be practically oriented and with the needs of research in mind: gathering relevant data, formulating questions of interest, and linking statistical interpretation to geometric representations. The procedures will be presented in detail using a real example, stressing the unique capacity of \textsc{mca} to handle full--scale research studies.


Martínez‐Alarcón L, Ríos A, Pons JA, González MJ, Ramis G, Ramírez P, Parrilla P. Attitudinal study of organ xenotransplantation in patients on the kidney and liver transplant waiting list in a country with a high rate of deceased donation. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 168–175. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


The article describes a new algorithm for processing the pulse wave, which is formed from the registered signals of absorption and scattering of laser radiation on a blood vessel and human tissues. A new method for tuning the optical part of the pulse oximeter is proposed to increase the reliability of the results in the rapid diagnosis of the human health condition. Experimental data on studies of various people are presented.


Abstract Oceanic islands of volcanic origin have a narrow shelf and a steep slope that should lead to considerable spatial overlap among coastal and oceanic fauna. During six pelagic surveys in the Canarian archipelago, Eastern Central Atlantic, over 65,000 fishes belonging to 211 species were collected at depths between 8 and 1035 m. The mesopelagic families of the lanternfishes (Myctophidae) and the bristlemouths (Gonostomatidae) accounted for about 50% of all specimens. By multivariate classification and ordination methods four different assemblages associated with mesopelagic, epipelagic–oceanic or coastal habitats could be identified. Two of these assemblages were coastal, differing in the proportion of meso- and epipelagic species. These data indicate intense horizontal migrations of mesopelagic fishes (mainly Myctophidae) into the neritic realm and increased interactions between coastal and oceanic habitats. Alpha diversity indices were higher and dominance was lower in oceanic habitats compared to the coastal realm. No marked differences among oceanographically similar areas of the entire archipelago were found. Beta diversity as a measure of similarity among sites or samples revealed variabilities between areas south of Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura islands. A considerable heterogeneity in species distribution was found off SE Fuerteventura in an area with high hydrographic variability. Therefore, both topography and hydrography are important factors influencing the distribution and abundance of pelagic fishes in this oceanic archipelago.


A variety of antibodies detect the antigen defined by the cluster designation group 15 (CD15). These antibodies have been reported to be helpful in the diagnosis of many different diseases including leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as aiding in the differential diagno


The possibility of having inflation in a renormalizable cosmological model is investigated. The Cosmic No Hair Conjecture is proved to hold for all Bianchi types except Bianchi IX. By the use of a conformal transformation on the metric it is shown that these models are equivalent to the ones described by the Einstein-Hilbert action for gravity minimally coupled to a set of scalar fields with inflationary potentials. Henceforth, it is proven that inflationary solutions behave as attractors in solution space, making it a natural event in the evolution of such models.


We thank Aries et al1 for their interest in on our study.2 We agree that it is too soon to use diffusion correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to guide clinical management, but our experience with this technology suggests that it has strong potential for clinical monitoring of brain perfusion. The key findings of our study were that DCS detected significant head-of-bed (HOB)-induced changes in cerebral perfusion, whereas middle cerebral artery transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity changes were not significant. Moreover, considerable heterogeneity in HOB response was found.

Aries et al1 questioned the lack of observed TCD changes in our data, noting that our study monitored patients for only 5 minutes in each position, which might not be sufficient to capture a TCD changes. One prior study monitored for 15 minutes at each HOB angle,3 but …


It is introduced a dynamic,flexible and responsive learning and training platform,which is VClass in which people can enhance and maintain their own skills,as well as play an active role in planning and building their own futures.VClass E-Learning platform in some functions is also introduced in order to provide more convenience and facility to learners.


Introduction: Why Biofortification? 1. 'Old Lessons and New Paradigms': Locating Biofortification 2. Building the Argument: The Case of Iron Rice 3. An Institutional Model? The Case of Golden Rice 4. An Alliance around an Idea: The Shifting Boundaries of Harvestplus 5. Global Science, Public Goods? A Synthesis. Conclusion. References. Notes


Numerical and experimental studies have been performed on the sleeve antenna. The sperrtopf reduces surface leak currents of the feeder compared to surface currents on the antenna; hence it is confirmed that the feeder does not have a large influence on the antenna properties. Ground wires are attached to the sleeve to match the feeder with the antenna. The effect of the sleeve length, and the length, inclination, and position of the ground wires on the antenna properties have been analyzed numerically and the results compared with experimental results. In the numerical analysis, the feeder is not considered and Galerkin's method was applied to the Poklington integral equation. The 50–Ω input impedance was obtained when the sleeve length is 0.2λ (λ is wavelength), the length of the ground wire is 0.1λ, distance of the ground wires from the feeding point is 0.025λ, and the ground wires are in a horizontal plane; thus the horizontal actual gain is 2.1 dB. This antenna is very useful for mobile radio.


Long-term storage of food items often leads to expiration, as the user gradually forgets about their existence. Under this background, efficiently locating and managing food items in a complex environment is a bottleneck that must be solved for future refrigerators to substantially improve life quality for their users. This letter proposes an RFID fingerprint localization algorithm based on an improved DenseNet model combined with the Attention Mechanism to solve this problem. Compared with traditional CNNs, the improved model is 48.19% smaller in terms of the number of parameters and has better accuracy.


Ethiopia's economy has continued growing and the major drivers of growth have been the services and agriculture sectors. However in recent years, the role of the industry sector is improving. Of the total growth, about 50 percent was contributed by the service sector while the contribution of the industry sector was about 39 percent in 2015/16. The high expenditure of public investment has worsened the incidence of inflation. Yet resources have not been efficiently allocated as evidenced by low scores of macroeconomic management rating and resource allocation indices. The widening current account deficit has made external financing necessary of which external borrowing has been the main one. External debt burden measured by ratio of stock of external debt to GNI has reached to 33 percent and external debt services to export ratio has been still higher than other countries. Ethiopian currency, the birr, has appreciated and affected export earnings by increasing the anti-export bias. The poor logistics and port infrastructures have also made export costly and adversely affected the export sector. Besides services export became negative due to increasing payments on debt services and payments on services being performed by foreigners in the domestic economic activities such as construction sectors.


This research project is about landslide prediction using back propagation neural
network. The objectives of the research project are to identify rainfall variable that is
used for landslide prediction, apply the back propagation neural network model to
classify the risks of landslide and determine whether Back propagation Neural
Network can be used as one of prediction tools. A simple three-layer neural network
with six input nodes and three output nodes is employed to learn the data.
Experiments are performed to determine the optimal learning. The total accuracy of
prediction rate is 88.7 %. This research reveals that with a few improvements, back
propagation neural network is able to be used in the prediction.


Glucose-&phosphate dehydrogenase (GGPD) deficiency, one of the most common red cell abnormalities. is characterized by a wide clinical, biochemical, and molecular heterogeneity. In this study we have determined the molecular basis of GGPD deficiency in a sample of 70 male subjects, originating from different parts of Italy, who all shared a clinical and biochemical phenotype identical or very similar to that of G6PD Mediiterranean, the most common variant in Italy. In 59 cases (84%) we found the mutation 563 C --t T, previously known to be underlying the GGPD Mediterranean and the two polymorphic variants GGPD Cagliari and GGPD Sassari. From the remaining 11 we amplified the entire coding region of G6PD in 8 different fragments and subjected them to nonradioactive single-strand conformation analysis. Direct sequencing was then performed on abnormal fragments. By


Along with Web on information content sharp increase,Web data mining function obviously important. This article analyzed the Web data mining's definition and the classification,and summarized the main difficult problem which the Web data mining's major technique as well as the present exists,and analyzed its application.


A mathematical model was developed to predict the adsorption and diffusion of moisture by oil-impregnated transformer insulation during field installation and the diffusion, desorption and evaporation of moisture during vacuum drying practices. A field drying experiment was performed on a new 93 MVA power transformer to verify the accuracy of the drying model. Four paper models were inserted in the transformer during manufacture to monitor, the course of moisture diffusion during the study. Insulation temperatures were also monitored to evaluate a hot oil spray process in uniformly heating the transformer insulation. Good agreement was achieved between mathematical predictions and field moisture measurements. High temperature processes are essential to the rapid removal of moisture during field vacuum drying operations. >


Morphology and Inhibin level in bilateral cryptorchid rats of short period were studied. The results showed that the weight of testes and epididymis significantly reduced in cryptorchid for 1 or 4 week, the diameter of seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased, and nearly all spermatogenic cells were damaged. The square percent of Leydig cell on testis section clearly increased Inhibin level in testical interstitial fluids and sera sharply reduced(P0.01 and P0.05). There was negative relationship between the seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells. The results supported the concept that the seminiferous tubules could influence the Leydig cells. whether any effect of inhihin in the regulatin or not remain to be investigated.


Introduction The Specialized Activities Nonprofit Organization Law was enacted in 1998 in Japan. The law introduced a new type of nonprofit organization incorporation system, which would complement the existing nonprofit entities operating since the 1940s. By following the process of the development of the new nonprofit activities, this chapter discusses civil society in Japan and the role of nonprofit organizations. This article first describes the voluntary activities that emerged in the 1980s, which is the origin of the new nonprofit activities. This chapter then turns to the discussions held in the US on nonprofit organizations. Three discussion points are presented and the implications of the new nonprofit organization in Japan are examined based on these. Lastly, implications are re-examined from the perspective of the grassroots level volunteers. This chapter indicates that the introduction of the new nonprofit organization in Japan might be seen as an achievement at the first glance, however, it actually has led us to ponder and evaluate the true nature of Japanese civil society and the roles of nonprofits. I have been following the development of new nonprofit activities in Japan since the rise of the voluntary activities in 1980s. During this time, I went to the US to gain a better understanding of nonprofit organizations. Since coming back, I have been trying to understand more clearly Japan's society and the role of nonprofits from a crosscultural perspective, primarily in comparison with the US. The process of the development and later struggles of the new nonprofit organizations runs parallel with my own journey as a researcher, looking for an answer on how Japan can find its own way to promote civil society.


Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are major components of garlic. They exhibit antiproliferative and anticancer activities but underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether DAS, DADS and DATS affected matrix metalloproteinases expression which is associated with the expression of cyclooxygenases‐1 and ‐2 (COX‐1 and COX‐2) and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human colon cancer colo 205 cells in vitro. The enzyme cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is abundantly expressed in colon cancer cells and plays a key role in colon tumorigenesis. In the presence of DAS, DADS and DATS in culture colo 205 cells for various incubation, it was found that DAS, DADS and DATS inhibited the expression of MMP‐2, ‐7 and‐9, respectively and three agents inhibited the expressions of COX‐2 and PGE2 but they did not affect the expression of COX‐1. Furthermore, DAS, DADS and DATS affected the expressions of MMPs and COX‐2 via the inhibition of NF‐£eB. NF‐£eB underwent inhibition by DAS, DADS and DATS which was correlated with sequential suppression of the I£eB kinase activity, I£eB phosphorylation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation and p65 acylation in colo 205 cells. As a whole, our results show that the decrease of MMP‐2, ‐7 and ‐9 expressions by DAS, DADS and DATS requires prior down‐regulation of COX‐2 which went through the I£eB phosphorylation and remained subsequently inactive.


Our research objective is simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in rubble environment. The map construction requires estimation of robot trajectory in 3D space. However, it is hard to estimate it by using odometry or gyro in rubble. In this paper, the authors proposed real-time SLAM based on 3D scan match. 3D camera is used for measurement of 3D shape and its texture in real-time. 3D map and robot trajectory are estimated by combining these 3D scan data. ICP algorithm is used for the matching method. The authors modified ICP algorithm as fast and robust one for real-time 3D map construction


A thorough examination was conducted of the provisions of the construction contract documents of all state highway agencies (SHAs). The study focused on the varying practices of these agencies concerning the inclusion of time and weather provisions in their construction contracts. Results show a wide variability between the various SHAs on most topic areas examined. Although regional differences can explain some of this variability, other provisions appear to be different for no apparent or obvious purpose. A greater degree of consistency between the various state construction contracts of these agencies is advised. Contractors must also be aware of these differences so that they are fully informed about the implications of entering into agreements with SHAs.


Abstract The challenges associated with ceramic stereolithography using high solid loading suspensions are related to the formation of ultrathin layers with high-viscosity suspensions and uneven green bodies, deriving from sedimentation problems. Furthermore, for a bottom-up projection system, the separating force must be focused. The digital light process system and bottom-up projection method have been used in this current work to create a ceramic green part. Our special design of a coating–storing–stirring recoating system tackles the problems relating to both ultrathin layers and sedimentation and it can also store the suspension to make the process more convenient. A stretch elastic separating film that diminishes the separating force and effectively reduces printing defects has also been designed. The strain forces in the improved coating process and stripping process were also analyzed. The green bodies were printed from three types of high solid loading ceramic suspensions (silica 60 vol%, alumina...


The purpose of this study is to examine the diameter of the ureter on negative intravenous urogram (IVU) using non ionic low osmolar contrast media. The relationship of ureteric diameter and age was assessed. This study is a cross sectional descriptive study. One hundred and eight four ureters from ninety two intravenous urogram studies were studied. The maximum transverse diameters of the abdominal ureter and pelvic ureter were measured using magnifying glass and a standard ruler.


This report deals with the foods eaten by Salvelinus pluvius which were fished in three streams, namely, the Higashi-zawa, Sawagurumi-zawa, and Otori-gawa, of which the former two were the inflows and the last is the outflow of LakeOtoriike, Yamagata Prefecture. The results of analysis of the contents of twenty-nine stomachs showed that the majority of foods eaten were insects, both aquatic and terrestrial. The aquatic foods are composed chiefly of caddis worms and stonefly nymphs, and in particular the nymph ofScopura longa. The terrestrial foods are represented by ants, wasps, and beetles. The fishes (S. pluvius) of the Higashi-zawa and Sawagurumi-zawa took chiefly aquatic foods which made up 52.9-56.9 volume per cent. of foods eaten, while the fishes of the Otori-gawa ate chiefly terrestrial foods, 47 volume per cent. of foods eaten (Fig.1). The nematode parasite Spiroptera salvelina FUJITA was found in the stomachs. Its parasitic frequency is the highest in the fishes from the Otori-gawa and is the lowest in those from the Higashi-zawa.


Chopped glass fibres are added to thermoplastics to enhance mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength. Two crucial parameters that affect this property enhancement are the fibre length and fibre orientation distributions. Long fibres (average length >5mm) are often used in an effort to increase the fibre length efficiency factor but these can, in turn, affect the resulting fibre orientation distribution in an injection moulded component, potentially mediating the effect of the increased fibre length. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the longer fibres make it through the injection moulding process without their length being significantly degraded.


The syntheses, X-ray structures of three novel low-dimensional assemblies, the molecules [Cu2(dmpzpo)2][Ag(CN)2]2 (1), [Cu2(dmpzpo)2][Ni(CN)4]·2CH3OH (2·2CH3OH) and [Cu2(dmpzpo)2][Ni(CN)4]·DMF·3H2O (2·DMF·3H2O), are presented. The temperature-dependent susceptibility of 2·2CH3OH and 2·DMF·3H2O is determined. The structure of compound 1 consists of one dicopper(II) moiety and two Ag(CN)2− units, each being coordinated to different copper atoms of the dicopper(II) moiety with trans arrangement. Compound 1 has an inversion center located the middle of the Cu2O2 plane. The structures of 2·2CH3OH and 2·DMF·3H2O are isostructural, consisting of {Cu2Ni} repeating units connected through Cu-NC-Ni-CN-Cu linkages to form an one-dimensional infinite chain. The magnetic studies on the compounds 2·2CH3OH and 2·DMF·3H2O showed that both compounds exhibit an overall antiferromagnetic behavior.


Despite growing use of computer-based communication tools, and interest in their impact on language use, shared workspace tools are not being used regularly, to support text-based teaching and learning, in mainstream higher education. Such tools support interaction with learning material and with people, both of which can help learning. However, neither the design requirements nor the benefits of using shared workspace tools, in text-based disciplines, have been established. Both were investigated. The starting point was the need to support teachers' work. There is insufficient information in the CSCW literature about tasks, communication needs and the effects of using a shared workspace in text-based classes. Participatory methods and prototyping were considered to suit the problem, the technology, the kind of application and the potential users. Observation and document study were combined with focus groups, interviews and questionnaires, to study the use of two prototype shared workspace tools, in a programme of extended field trials. Initial studies, with co-located classes, investigated learning activities around shared, printed materials and suggested similarities across subject boundaries. Field trials were conducted, in distributed foreign language classes, using a prototype desktop multimedia conferencing system. The main aim was to establish design requirements to support teaching and learning tasks. A two-year study, in undergraduate Russian classes, aimed to deepen understanding of how a shared workspace tool could contribute to teaching and learning. The need for flexible control mechanisms and support for awareness and reference were confirmed. To support the range of tasks observed in face-to-face classes, flexible re-structuring of text objects and hiding, as well as sharing, of objects, are needed Promoting active student participation and supporting teacher management of space are requirements particular to this application area. The shared workspace tool excited teachers, who explored its use over a long period. The sharing of data, its persistence, the manipulation of on-screen objects and the accessibility of the shared space enabled the shared workspace to support lesson attributes that teachers and students valued Sharing data caused a Jew students anxiety, however. Shared workspace tools can enhance both distributed and face-to-face teaching and learning, in text- based disciplines. They offer something different from tools in current use. The research has generated a list of recommendations to designers of shared workspace tools and a list of recommendations to teachers wishing to use shared workspace tools in text-based subjects.


The 1661 cavity of Fushan Mine is chosen as industry test site to verify the measurement range,precision and deformation monitoring effects of the cavity 3D laser scanning deformation monitoring system,which has been developed successfully.The result of experiment shows that the system measurement range can reach 83 m with a precision of ±2 cm,which has a good effect on cavity deformation monitoring.The test result shows that the 3D laser scanning deformation monitoring system provides a new method to estimate the cavity stability and improve the effects on monitoring cavity.


10 Afghans among victims of Ukrainian plane crash ISIS Threat in Kunar Serious: Governor KABUL: Afghan peace process would end if the United States gets into a conflict with Iran, Washington's former special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan has said. "If we get into a prolonged, low-intensity conflict with Iran — which I think is likely, unfortunately — then the U.S. may get to thinking that we are going KABUL: Violence against women cases significantly decreased in northern Baghlan province this year compared, an official said on Wednesday. Women affairs director Khudija Yaqeen told a press conference in Pul-i-Khumri City, the provincial capital, that they recorded 279 violence cases last year compared to 215 cases this year, showing a significant decrease. She said mostly assassinations and runaway from home cases had decreased due to awareness and their consultations with people in this regard. According to her information, 14 murder cases happened last year, but the number downed to nine this year. He said added 19 engagement cancelation cases were registered this year while the number of such cases was higher last year. She added conducting public awareness events in faraway areas of the province played a crucial and important role in decreasing violence cases against women in the province. (pajwak)


With the ultra/extra high voltage lines put into operation in the power system, the traditional protection principle is challenged and the research of transient volume protection is paid more and more attention. In the fault transient process, the fault traveling wave will pass through the line boundary with obvious transverse reflection phenomenon. Therefore, this paper extracts the local energy characteristics and overall singularity characteristics of the line fault current for k-means clustering analysis. The difference in the wavelet entropy information of the internal and external fault is used to construct the transient protection criterion, which avoids the difficulty of transient protection settings and realizes the fast and correct action of protection. The results of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation show that the protection method can correctly perform fast fault detection and is little affected by fault location, fault type, transition resistance and line length factors.


The unit power coordinated control system is the important part of electric power plant.Considering the characters such as nonlinear,parameters time varying,large delay and severe coupling of coordinated control system,The control strategy of traditional coordinated control system is far from satisfying with the request of the electric network.This thesis puts up the research aims at application of real-coded adaptive hybrid genetic algorithm in coordinated control system PID controller parameters optimizing,makes objective function to reach the globally optimal solution.Simulation results show that this method gets the control performance improved a great deal.


Smart Mobile devices and web services are becoming very popular. Mobile devices are physically constrained devices; low processor speed, limited memory, limited battery, and slow intermit wireless connection. This implies to take in consideration these factors when implementing web services for mobile devices. In this paper, we evaluate the RESTful web service for mobile devices against conventional SOAP web services. The experimental results show that RESTful web services outperform conventional SOAP web services. A recommendation to use RESTful web services on mobile devices has been concluded from experimental result.


The three-dimensional turbulent swirling flame in an internally-staged combustor is numerically investigated. Four cases over a range of swirl intensities are explored by the Flamelet Generated Manifold model in this paper. Special attention is paid to analyzing the variation of the flow field, temperature, major species concentrations and emissions. The results clearly show the effects of swirl number on the size of the center recirculation zone, fuel distribution and combustion characteristics. When the third premixed stage swirl number increases from 0.6 to 1.2, the axial length of the center recirculation zone decreases by 3.7%, while the radial length increases by 6.9%. The characteristics of the flow field play an important role in the spatial distribution of the fuel, which further affects the temperature distribution in the combustor. The backflow effect is enhanced, resulting in a greater concentration of fuel at the outlet of the swirler. After the maximum temperature is reached at the exit position of the pilot stage, the temperature decreases compared to the peak temperature downstream as the proportion of premixed combustion mode increases. This creates a high concentration region of OH at the outlet of the pilot stage injector and the heat release region is squeezed upstream. At the same time, the volume of the high-temperature region downstream of the pilot stage is reduced. In addition, as the swirl number of the third premixed stage increases from 0.6 to 1.2, the emissions of NO and CO decrease by 28.7% and 75%, respectively.


The strength of the author and the weakness of socialist economic theory are brought out very definitely in chapter viii, on the "Economics of Socialism." Marxian doctrine is beheaded, disemboweled, and served up as the genuine article with such skilfulness and dispatch that no unsophisticated reader can doubt the simplicity, clearness, and correctness of the original. At the same time, modern economic theory is disposed of with a deftness and appearance of familiarity admirable in its way. However, like more laborious efforts to revamp the Marxian value theory, this exposition serves mainly to excite wonder that socialist leaders should persist in regarding economic doctrine as so essential. Their cause would undoubtedly be strengthened by admitting the validity of modernized economics and by more frankly basing their case on humanism so far as it concerns economic justice. "Outlines of the Socialist State," which, as chapter ix, completes this exposition, is rather a presentation of fundamental and "detailed specifications" and ideals than a constructive account based on principles. It serves, otn the whole, to blunt the impression previously created of a distinct, class-conscious socialist theory and propaganda. The reader of it wonders at times how to distinguish socialism from the purposes and ideals of the "square-deal" reformers. As an elementary presentation Mr. Spargo's work is distinctly meritorious, in spite of undoubted faults of style, exposition, and reasoning. Economically it need mislead no one. Sociologically it will prove stimulating to many. It is probably well worth publishing, though it adds nothing to the specialist's knowledge of socialist history or theory. R. F. HoxIE


Hybrid systems and their applications were hot and difficult points in recent years.The current research on modeling,analysis,control and optimization of hybrid systems was summarized.Comments were made on the merits and restrictions of each main method.Applications of hybrid systems in manufacturing systems were specially reviewed,and difficult points in the applications were also discussed.Future research areas and open problems for study were finally pointed out.


In this paper, the realization of a serial port ActiveX control based on MODBUS protocol is introduced. MODBUS protocol is a popular protocol in industrial control field. Under the transfer- mode RTU of the protocol,the start and end of a frame is decided by interval which is very short. In order to satisfy the requirement, multiple threads and API function are used in the process of implementing the control. Serial port is one of standard interfaces of computer and MODBUS is usually realized on serial line.


Author Daniel Lee, Tae Wook Goh, Min Geun Kang, Hye Jin Choi, So Young Yeo, Chul Sung Huh, Yoo Yong Kim, and Younghoon Kim Affiliation Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek 17957, Korea Research Institute of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea


Pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy is relatively common, and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of two‐layered duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy as a method for restoring pancreaticoenteric continuity.


@ajpodchaski Getting started on 2020..as soon as I finish I am sure I will want to redo it all. #newwwyear challenge an #IndieWeb end of


Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedge to selective soil placement of 5 cm of soil treated with MON-12037 above and/or below the nutsedge tubers. MON-12037 at 53 g/ai ha applied as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application also were evaluated. MON-12037 placement above, below, or above + below the nutsedge tuber decreased shoot number, shoot dry weight, shoot regrowth dry weight, and root-tuber dry weight production in both species, 30 and 60 d after treatment. MON-12037 applied as a foliar, soil, and foliar + soil treatment was effective in reducing purple nutsedge shoot regrowth dry weight to less than 5% of the non-treated control. Yellow nutsedge shoot regrowth dry weight from the foliar + soil and soil-only applications was less than 1% of the non-treated control.


During last years the interest for nanotechnology and mesoporous silica materials has increased due to benefits that these materials can provide. Typical characteristics of mesoporous materials are a large surface area and pore volume, well-ordered and uniform pores with adjustable pores between 2 and 50 nm. Pore dimensions are comparable to many biological molecules, like enzymes, and may therefore be suitable as a support in enzyme encapsulation The aim of this project was to synthesize mesoporous particles with a fixed pore size in order to optimize enzyme encapsulation. The specific pore size was determined based on previous studies on encapsulated lipase from mucor miehei where the optimal pore size was found to be 9 nm. Through this project different synthesis has been studied, different types of surfactants have been used (Pluronic 123, CTAB) as well as different types of silica sources such as TEOS or sodium silicate solutions. The synthesis conditions have been varied in order to study the effect on the particle and pore size. In this work really small particle sizes were synthesized. Spherical 40 nm nanoparticles was obtained using octane as a hydrophobic support and styrene as a mesoporous template. However, the pore structure was rather slit-shaped than cylindrical. A perfect pore structure and size was reached using a sodium silicate solution as silica source, pluronic 123 as a pore template and an aging period of 24 hours at 180°C. The particles obtained in this synthesis varied with a diameter up to values around 200 nm.


This paper reports on a functional linguistics study of clauses relationship in which it is included as textual meta function of meaning. This textual metafunction is on the level of lexicogrammar. Semantic sequence of figures is realized by a clause complexes series. This paper focused on relationship types between clauses, interdependency and logico-semantic relationship. Data were taken from A Bible, New Testament using Kupang Malay called Janji Baru, especially in Luke of Gospel text. The analysis revealed that parataxis used in text covered coordinate conjunctions such as, deng 'and', ma, 'but', jadi/ko 'so, for', ais ju 'then'. The hypotaxis used subordinate conjunctions, such as, kalo 'if'' tagal 'because/since', te 'cause'. The use of parataxis and hypotaxis indicates that semantic sequence is coherence in which conjunctions used in text are usually repeated. It is the same as the use of logico-semantic, such as expansion and projection. The expansion consisted of elaboration, extension, and enhancement. The projection consisted of locution and idea that related to phenomena of a higher order of experience. The idea used verbal process, such as, kastau bilang 'tell/say', manyao bilang, 'answer', tanya bilang 'ask', etc. This fact indicates that the idea stated was stressed by using serial verbs or usually a verb was ended by other verb' This fact indicates to attract listeners' attention. The locution used mental process, such as, rasa 'feel' 'inga' 'remember'. Thus, it can be stated that the use of interdependency and logico-semantic relation  was aimed to keep the semantic sequence and text coherence.


Accruals are among important variables often used in accounting studies as a proxy for quality of information. Recently, a number of studies have examined the effects of life cycle stages on accruals. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between accruals over firm life cycles. The sample used in this study consists of 235 firms selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) through systematic elimination and examined over a period of 8 years (1,880 observation points). Variance analysis and least significant difference (LSD; a post-hoc test) were used to analyze the collected data. Our findings suggest no significant relationship between accruals of the firms over their life cycles.


Throughout the history of the world the commemoration of the dead has taken many manifestations and forms. Monuments range from burial mounds and tombs to wall memorials and grave slabs. The earliest surviving architectural remains in nearly every culture are the remains of memorials to the dead which can often shed light on the lifestyles of humans from prehistoric times. Beginning in the latter part of the 18 century American graveyards began to exhibit many of the characteristics of modern burial grounds, such as individual burial pits and family grave plots. This practice was no different at Second Presbyterian Church in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. Located at 342 Meeting Street in Charleston, South Carolina, Second Presbyterian Church's graveyard has been left somewhat unattended, which has led it into an accelerated state of deterioration. The graveyard has had some maintenance, however, it has not been satisfactory. This is a situation where a preservation plan would greatly aid the church in caring for its graveyard. This thesis will provide guidelines in the preservation of Second Presbyterian Church's graveyard. The preservation plan is divided into three parts: The first is a brief history of Second Presbyterian Church and its congregation, the second provides preservation guidelines for appropriate repairs to the graveyard, and the third part is a conditions assessment of the grave markers found within the graveyard. This project is a practical plan for the members of Second Presbyterian Church. However, it should be noted that in all preservation situations professionals should be consulted before proceeding with work. 1 Throughout this project the use of the word "graveyard" will refer to a space that is associated with a church which is used to bury the deceased associated with that particular church.


Background: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a serious life threatening condition if not identified and managed early. Though the incidence has reduced due to wide use of antibiotics, the increase in other coexisting morbidities leads the patient to usually present with high rate of complications. Methods: Our institute being a tertiary referral center encounters a spectrum of such patients. The spectrum of prequel to skull base osteomyelitis varies in a large way from infection (Bacterial/Fungal) to post radiation and so diagnosing a patient who comes with vague complaints become very important. This article is a retrospective case review of a variety of manifestations of SBO which were managed using a systematic protocol over a decade (20082018) at our institute. We classified SBO into stages for deciding upon the most appropriate plan of management based on the severity of the disease. Results: Optimal outcomes were achieved with minimal morbidity while following a step-wise management protocol whereby treatment was focused on multimodal therapy including intense diabetic control, appropriate antibiotic therapy and early surgical intervention for debridement of necrotic bone and replenishment of vascularity within the surgical cavity. Conclusion: A rational approach to management of SBO is paramount since the presentations may be subtle and may vary upto life threatening complications. Following a systematic protocol as described here will lead to better long term outcomes. Figure 1: Otoscopic finding of the EAC showing edema and discharge in SBO. pneumoniae, Aspergillus species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Figure 1). Total blood count, differential count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood sugar analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were Citation: Rathnaraajan S, Devarasetty A, Panicker A, Gajapathy S, Sampathkumar R, et al. (2019) A Novel Classification for the Rational Management of Lateral Skullbase Osteomyelitis. Otolaryngol (Sunnyvale) 9: 371.


Through this correlational comparative study, we seek to determine whether there is a significant relation between the use of free time and academic performance of students in 5th grade of secondary education in the Cono Sur de Lima, modality children of state colleges UGEL No. 1 San Juan de Miraflores, also we seek to compare the differences in the use of free time and cultural preferences of these students, by level of academic achievement and gender. A probabilistic sample of 348 students according to criteria, we applied the questionnaire in leisure activities adapted from A. Ponce (1998). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 and statisticians: the Spearman correlation coefficient, Kruskal Wallis test, chi-square test and Mann Whitney. Respect the free time, the vast majority of adolescents practice and likes: listening to music and radio, watch movies, video, television, relaxing, walk, chatting with friends, think and leave or be with family, also they do not practice but they would like playing musical instruments, visit museums and exhibitions, and attend language school. We found significant differences in free time activities and cultural preferences as academic performance and gender. The cultural activities that they most prefer are singing, food, drinks, painting and theater. Finally, these subjects are in a regular academic achievement level or intermediate, being ladies which outnumber men. We conclude that there is a significant correlation between free time and academic performance.


The economic function of government has concentrated on its intervention and control to the e- conomy.The necessity of macro control by government reflects the intrinsic demand for government eco- nomic function,as well as the coordination between micro and macroeconomic operations to overcome market imperfection.The contents of government macro control usually include overall objectives and specific objectives.In order to realize the effective macro control,the government should change its re- sponsibility,separate itself with the firm,and simplify its organization.The purpose of doing so is to achieve government's indirect control and give priority to economic instruments.As a result,by integrating macro control policies,the synergy effect of economic policies can be attained.


This study was aimed at elucidating numerical variation of chromosomes in newly synthesized hexaploid wheats. We carried out artificial crosses between Triticum carthlicum (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) as female parent and Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, DD) as male parent, obtaining intergeneric F1 hybrids (2n = 3x = 21, ABD). After self-fertilization of the F1 hybrids having 21 somatic chromosomes, we obtained F2 seeds (synthetic hexaploid wheats), and determined their somatic chromosome number. Of the expected 150 cross combinations of F1 hybrids between six strains of T. carthlicum and 25 strains of Ae. tauschii, 67 cross combinations of synthetic hexaploid wheats were obtained. Compared to strains of Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii, those of Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata produced synthetic hexaploid wheats showing euploidy with a high frequency. In addition, among strains of Ae. tauchii ssp. tauschii, those from Iran contributed more to the production of synthetic hexaploid wheats showing euploidy than those from...


Short term prediction of traffic flow is one of the most essential elements of all proactive traffic control systems. Although various methodologies have been applied to forecast traffic parameters, several researchers have showed that hybrid methods provide more accurate results. So this approach became a common method for prediction. In this paper, an aggregated approach is proposed for traffic flow prediction. The approach is based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the macroscopic traffic flow model (METANET). Macroscopic modeling tool, METANET, is used to simulate the Hemmat highway/Tehran, and validation of the model was done using real measurements. In order to calibrate the model, genetic algorithm was followed. The outcome suggests that the proposed approach obtains a more accurate forecast than the neuro-fuzzy model alone.


Abstract This article deals with Leibniz's dynamic conception of political order. Leibniz reduces the sovereignty of States to the monopoly of coercion by setting apart jurisdictional monopoly and sovereignty. With this new definition of sovereignty however, war becomes the core of international relations. The sovereigns' ability to make war is the condition to take part in law of nations, whose precise aim is to prevent wars. Peace can only exist if there is a balance between opposite forces of similar magnitude that cancel each other.


To support performance of extension worker BP4K Bungo had conduct a non-technical training. This study aims to: analyze the suitability of the training to agricultural extension worker and analyze the performance of agricultural extension workers after participating in non-technical training. The research is carried out using 100 agricultural extension worker by census and analysis of data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (multiple linear regresion). The results show that: 1) the frequency of training and motivation of the workers positively affect the performance of the extension workers; 2) Method of training and infrastructure affect the effectiveness of the training. The more innovative method used for training supported by better infrastructure will support better performance of the extension workers; 3) the appropriateness of the course materials and better learning plan will improve the training performance; 4) support from extension organization facilities will boost extension services, and may lead to the reward received by the workers due to the quality services provided.


The invention provides an exhaust pipe protection device and an engineering machine with the same. The exhaust pipe protection device is arranged on an exhaust pipe (10) and comprises a protective cover (21). The protective cover (21) can be arranged on an exhaust port of the exhaust pipe (10) in a swing mode and is provided with a first limit position and a second limit position, wherein the first limit position can swing to a position capable of covering the exhaust port, and the second limit position can swing to a position capable of opening the exhaust port. When the protective cover (1) moves to the first limit position, a gap is formed between the protective cover (21) and the edge of the exhaust port. The exhaust pipe protection device further comprises a limiting portion (23), and the limiting portion (23) is connected with the protective cover (21) to limit the protective cover (21) to continue to swing in the direction close to the exhaust port when the protective cover (21) is located at the first limit position. According to the technical scheme, the exhaust pipe protection device can prevent the protective cover from colliding with the exhaust pipe.


SUMMARY

Compared to clear crustal P- and S-waves as well as a strong refracted Pn-wave propagating in the topmost mantle (i.e., 10 to 15 km below the Moho), an anomalously weak appearance of the corresponding refracted shear wave Sn is observed on refraction seismic profiles in SW Germany, France, coastal Maine (NE United States) and Fennoscandia. It is possible that the observation of Pn/PMP ratios close to unity combined with small Sn/SMS ratios (i.e., small Sn amplitudes) is typical for the continental uppermost mantle since this was observed for quite different types of continental crust. It is shown that the observed phenomenon is not a source effect. Several possible causes to explain the observations are studied, also with the aid of synthetic seismograms. The effects of temperature, attentuation and anisotropy have been investigated. Their influence cannot explain the observations. The most likely candidate is a depth-increasing VP/VS ratio (an increase in the order of 0.027 over a depth range of 10 km), forcing P- and S-waves to propagate on different paths in the topmost mantle. The observed phenomenon provides new constraints on the change of composition with depth for the crust mantle transition zone with basalt depletion as the most likely explanation.


Objective Limb reduction defects were considered as possible indicators of environmental teratogenesis; it was suggested that also invasive prenatal procedures could increase the risk for limb reduction defects. The purpose of this work is to give a baseline frequency for limb reduction defects, using data from a population not exposed to prenatal diagnosis procedures.