Thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs) as latent heat storage are one of the main challenges at European level in improving the performances and efficiency of concentrated solar power energy generation due to their high energy density. PCM with high working temperatures in the temperature range 300–500 °C are required for these purposes. However their use is still limited due to the problems raised by the corrosion of the majority of high temperature PCMs and lower thermal transfer properties. Micro-encapsulation was proposed as one method to overcome these problems. Different micro-encapsulation methods proposed in the literature are presented and discussed. An original process for the micro-encapsulation of potassium nitrate as PCM in inorganic zinc oxide shells based on a solvothermal method followed by spray drying to produce microcapsules with controlled phase composition and distribution is proposed and their transformation temperatures and enthalpies measured by differential scanning calorimetry are presented.


Schizophrenia research is experiencing a renaissance with the introduction of new techniques and some new hypotheses This symposium reviews major areas ofresearch up to the end of 1980. The case that some patients with schizophrenia have structural changes in the brain is presented by Weinberger and Wyatt on the basis of the NIMH computerised tomography studies, following those at Northwick Park and reviewing the earlier and neglected air encephalographic literature. There is a degree of concensus that some chronic patients do have evidence of ventricular changes though whether these are a consequence of the disease or may precede its onset remains open. When such abnormalities are present they are related to intellectual impairment as noted by these authors. They may also be related to the presence of negative symptoms although this issue is not discussed. The question of whether there are sometimes cortical and cerebellar changes, and evidence of cerebral asymmetry, as suggested by the NIMH group, remains controversial. These issues could be greatly clarified by systematic and quantitative neuropathological studies. Unfortunately as is made clear in the paper by Matthysse such studies, although contemplated, are far from execution. A curious omission from the volume however is any comment on the claims of Nieto and Escobar, and more recently J Stevens, that gliosis can sometimes be seen in the brain in chronic schizophrenia. Are there characteristic physiological changes detectable in life? Itil presents findings that some patients have abnormalities on computerised EEGs that predict response to neuroleptic drugs. The findings are compatible with the concept that some patients have irreversible structural brain changes, but unfortunately do little to identify the site or nature of these changes. Zahn summarises data that suggests that poor outcome (at Jeast in the short-term) can be predicted by high autonomic arousal as indicated by slow habituation ofskin conductance responses. Again the association is with one feature of the disease and not with the disease process and it is difficult to see how this approach will take us to underlying Book Review


Gas being supplied to the patient when the patient is undergoing treatment, such as oxygen therapy and positive pressure action on symptoms such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) temperature of, for safety, and in order to be able to control the humidity to be applied to the patient, are often measured. Invention, characteristics of the gas flowing through the heating tube such as using heated wires (21, 28) therein a heat pipe for supplying the gas to the patient (3) disclosed herein, in particular the temperature (thermistor 23) according to the measurement.


Abstract The performance of a steam methane reforming (SMR) reactor is optimized by using the theory of finite time thermodynamics in this paper. The maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) and the corresponding optimal exterior wall temperature (EWT) and the optimal pressure of the reaction mixture (PRM) profiles in the SMR reactor are obtained by using nonlinear programming method. In the optimization process, the fixed inlet mole flow rate of components, the thresholds of the state variables and the conservation equations are taken as the constraints. The performance of the optimal reactor is compared with that of the reference reactor with a linear EWT profile. The results show that the HPR of the optimal reactor increases by about 11.8 %. The optimal EWT profile is alike with the linear EWT profile. The HPR increases with the increase of the inlet temperature of reaction mixture and the decrease of the inlet PRM. The influence of the TRM on the HPR is smaller than that of the PRM. The results obtained herein are helpful to the optimal design of practical tubular reactors.


High density lipoprotein (HDL) has various anti-atherothrombotic functions and these may include inhibition of the atherothrombotic effects by Greactive protein (CRP). We have assessed the ability of HDL to neutralize CRP-mediated activation of coagulation and inflammation. Fifteen healthy male volunteers received an infusion of highly purified recombinant human (rh)CRP. In eight of these volunteers this was preceded by an infusion of apoAI-phosphatidylcholine (apoAI-PC) three hours before. Whereas rhCRP infusion elicited a systemic inflammatory response, cytokine levels remained unaltered in subjects who received apoAIPC prior to rhCRP infusion. Similarly, thrombin generation and activation of fibrinolysis following administration of rhCRP were abolished by pre-treatment with apoAI-PC. In volunteers receiving apoAI-PC infusion, a substantial part of the rhCRP could be found within the HDL fraction. In in vitro experiments using human endothelial cells we confirmed that apoAI-PC -preincubation with CRP completely abolished the inflammatory activity of the latter. The present findings may lend further support to the use of HDL-increasing interventions for dampening the acute inflammatory response and its consequences in acute coronary syndromes.


In this paper, we present improved meet-in-the-middle key-recovery attacks on six-round and seven-round Feistel constructions separately. The attacks are based on Guo <italic>et al.</italic>'s work which appends one round to the five-round distinguisher to attack the six-round Feistel construction through the meet-in-the-middle method. The proposed method stores only target sequences instead of all the possible sequences, which reduces the memory complexity from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2^{({3}/{4})n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blocks to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2^{({n}/{2})}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blocks. A new key-recovery attack method on the seven-round Feistel construction is proposed by appending one another round after a five-round distinguisher. What is more, is that we propose a new method called the impossible-differential pairs sieve technique which reduces the data complexity from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2^{n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> chosen plaintexts to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times {2^{n-2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> chosen plaintexts so that the attack complexity is lower than the exhaustive attack. The time complexity is equivalent to about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times {2^{n-2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> encryptions, and the memory complexity is optimized to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2^{({3}/{4})n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blocks of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2^{({n}/{2})}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first known generic key-recovery attack on the seven-round Feistel construction with a lower attack complexity when compared with the exhaustive attack.


Objective To observe the differences of horizontal optic disc diameter and cup/disc (C/D) ratio in eyes with different kinds of retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods A total of 392 eyes from 385 RVO patients diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were included in this study.The patients included 192 males and 193 females.The average age was (58.30±11.51) years.The disease duration was from 7 days to 1 month.The eyes were divided into RVO group (356 eyes),RVO combining diabetes mellitus (DM) group (20 eyes) and RVO combining high blood pressure (HP) group (16 eyes).One hundred normal eyes examined by FFA in the same testing period were selected as the control group.Among the 356 eyes in the RVO group,there were 201 eyes with branch RVO (BRVO),100 eyes with central RVO (CRVO),17 eyes with hemi CRVO (H-CRVO),and 38 eyes with macular BRVO (M-BRVO).Among the 101 non-ischemic RVO eyes,there were 17 eyes with BRVO,53 eyes with CRVO,6 eyes with H-CRVO,and 25 eyes with M-BRVO.Among the 255 ischemic RVO eyes,there were 184 eyes with BRVO,47 eyes with CRVO,11 eyes with H-CRVO and 13 eyes with M-BRVO.The diameter of optic cup and disk,and the C/D ratio was measured on fundus infrared radiation (IR) IR30°image by Heidelberg confocal laser fundus imaging system.Results There was no significant difference of horizontal optic disc diameter among 4 groups (F=1.17,P>0.05).The difference of C/D ratio was significant among 4 groups (F=82.24,P<0.05).The differences of horizontal optic disc diameter and C/D ratio in different kinds of RVO in normal group and RVO group were significant (F=4.49,61.396; P<0.05).The horizontal optic disc diameter of eyes with CRVO was a little smaller than normal eyes (P<0.05).There was no difference of horizontal optic disc diameter between the eyes with BRVO,M-BRVO,H-CRVO and normal eyes (P>0.05).The difference of C/D ratio was significant between the eyes with BRVO,CRVO,M-BRVO,H-CRVO and normal eyes (P<0.05).The differences of horizontal optic disc diameter and C/D ratio were significant between RVO group (in different kinds of RVO eyes) and control group (F=3.94,33.16; P<0.05).Compared the horizontal optic disc diameters of RVO eyes with the same subtype,the difference was significant between non-ischemic H-CRVO and ischemic H-CRVO (P<0.05),while the differences were not significant between other non-ischemic RVO and ischemic CRVO (BRVO:P=0.35,CRVO:P =0.86,M-BRVO:P=0.22).The difference of C/D ratio between non-ischemic RVO and ischemic CRVO was not significant (BRVO:P=0.35,CRVO:P=0.48,H-CRVO:P=1.00,M-BRVO:P=1.00).Conclusions The C/D ratio increased with varying degrees in RVO eyes.There is no obvious change in horizontal optic disc diameters except for CRVO eyes.

Key words:
Retinal vein occlusion/etiology;  Optic disk


PURPOSE: Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) has been considered an important nutritional strategy to improve skeletal muscle protein turnover in many conditions especially following exercise induced muscle damage. Exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD), a phenomenon impairs muscle function and hampers athletic performance. The effects of consumption of BCAA for a chronic period (4 weeks) on EIMD in trained athletic population have never been explored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic consumption (4 weeks) of BCAA on indices of muscle damage elicited via a bout of damaging exercise in trained athletes. METHODS: Twenty trained males (20 road cyclists) aged 18-28 years were randomly assigned to two groups (BCAA and Placebo) (n = 10). The damaging exercise consisted of 100 consecutive drop-jumps. Biochemical markers including creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity c reactive protein (hs-cRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), isometric knee muscle strength, muscle soreness, aerobic capacity (VO2max) and heart rate (HR) were measured. RESULTS: Differences were observed in pre-and post-supplementation periods among all the participants with mean height and weight values of 168.57 (4.5) cm and 61.74 (4.55) kg respectively as calculated by the anthropologist randomly allocated to the two groups in all tested parameters indicating the effectiveness of BCAA in attenuating muscle damage and enhancing muscle recovery with chronic consumption when compared to placebo, however in contrast to our expectations based on symptoms and our clinical judgment during the study statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) were noticed with biochemical indices only. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that chronic BCAA supplementation proved to be an effective meansof reducing muscle damage, enhancing muscle protein synthesis and recovery following EIMD as compared to placebo in well trained athletic population.


The article accurate quantitative methods involving spline approximation and phase space analysis of an important macroeconomic archetype GDP per capita. The numerator (GDP) and the denominator (population) decomposed into components that can be replaced following a multifactorial univariate forecast, predicting individual components of archetype. Phase methods useful to distinguish from the dynamics of the processes of "circular" cyclic constructions, and of the state of spline shows a rich possible conceptual quality of representation "springs" of economic development through the use of an indicator, along with its derivatives, which are used to "thinner" and deeper calculate the tendencies processes.


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A questionnaire was designed and evaluated by a third-year pharmacy undergraduate student as part of a final-year chemistry-specialization project. The questionnaire probed consumers' views about certain additives, whether they would know if an additive was natural or synthetic, and whether they would purchase a particular product on the basis of the additives present. Seventy-seven of 500 questionnaires were returned. The results demonstrate that consumers are not well informed about identifying natural products but do recognize names to which they have been exposed. Consumers also appreciate that natural compounds can come from a variety of sources and can be synthesized, and that a natural substance is not necessarily good for you or better than a synthetic substance. However, despite this knowledge, consumers do prefer products that contain natural or natural-sounding additives.Many important problem-solving and analytical skills were developed by the student during this project and the use of a quest...


The occurrence of buried soils in Oklahoma has been reported in previous papers (1) (2)' A large number of buried soils are found in the central and western part of the state and frequent exposures occur on high terraces along the la.rger streams and at various locations in the valleys of smaller tributaries. It is the purpose of this paper to point out the possible relation between those factors which have been responsible for the formation of buried soils and correlate the occurrence of buried solls in'Oklahoma with loess formation in the central part of the United states. Buried soils couId be formed due to the elevation of the sW'face of the earth, but this explanation is inadequa.te due to the fact that the buried solls studied in this investigation occur along streams running in many different directions. Also normal aggradation would not account for the Budden change which would be reqUired to deposit a deep layer of sediment ovel' the surface of an area which has not been affected by erosion or deposition for a long period of time. S01ls mature slowly under the influence of prairie vegetation and low rainfall. A' careful study ot so11 conditions shows very definitely that the western half of Oklahoma has not been leached by heavy rainfall during the present geological period consequently somel other factor has been most important in producing the accelerated rate of erosion which has been necessary to produce buried soils. A high annual rainfall is not essential for rapid erosion, since torrential rains falling on sloping land not protected by vegetation causes rapid movement of soil. The location of nine different exposures of buried soils from which samples have been secured tor chemical analysis is given Table I.


This research aims to identify Salafi women resilience and roles in family economic fulfilment. Salafi women resistance to limitations in society influences various aspects of social life. Their movement and scopes in daily life are quite limited. Salafi women have a meaningful role in economic activities in Dieng Plateau as prosperous family resistance. Low education level causes women workforce to work in non-formal sectors. Dieng Plateau society's activities are mostly in the agriculture and commerce sectors. This research applies descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The result shows that Salafi women fulfil their family economic fulfilment for two purposes: Firstly, as the forms of participation to meet family economic needs by doing agriculture and commerce activity, secondly, as economic activity motivation to meet primary needs.


The spatial resolution of an imaging apparatus is limited by the Rayleigh diffraction bound, a consequence of the imager's finite spatial extent. We show some $N$-photon strategies that permit resolution of details that are smaller than this bound, attaining either a $1∕\sqrt{N}$ enhancement (standard quantum limit) or a $1∕N$ enhancement (Heisenberg-like scaling) over standard techniques. In the incoherent imaging regime, the methods presented are loss resistant, since classical light sources suffice. Our results may be of importance in many applications: microscopy, telescopy, lithography, metrology, etc.


On the basis of a sample survey over economy housing in Huizhou City,this paper uncovered several operational problems when economy housing became available in the market,such as,loose screening process of subscriber qualifications,outsize house units,overpricing,and inferior construction quality etc.This paper proposed to intensify examination and supervision,control the size and price of house units,reinforce the management of construction quality,so as to regulate and perfect the operation of economy housing in Huizhou city and play its economical and practical function to the full.


In order to evaluate objectively the role of short-branch type of chestnut resources in the present production and their effects on new germplasm innovation, some main cultivation characteristics of three short-branch types of dwarf chestnut resources were studied and compared, for instances, botanical characteristics, growth and bearing characteristics, nut characteristics, high-yield and resistance characteristics, using the cultivars of 'Yimeng Duanzhi', 'Yanshan Duanzhi' and 'Chaoduanzhi No.1' as materials. The results show that in the three short-branch types of chestnut resources, 'Chaoduanzhi No.1' has the most dwarf tree body, the shortest bearing branches(13.2 cm), and the most bearing branches(2.25 branches). While, it has the smallest nut(6.9 g) and poorer appearance of nut. The yield of 'Chaoduanzhi No.1' is lied in the middle of another two resources. In addition, the tree vigor of 'Chaoduanzhi No.1' is easier to decline, and infl uenced evidently by site conditions, with its poor resistance. The tree vigor of 'Yimeng Duanzhi' is normal, it tended to sprout bearing branch by severe cutting, and the length of its short branch is between 'Chaoduanzhi No.1' and 'Yanshan Duanzhi'. The yield of 'Yimeng Duanzhi' is the highest in the three resources, but it has the smaller nut(7.3 g) and poorer appearance of nut. The resistance of 'Yimeng Duanzhi' is weaker, and affected easily by water and fertilizer conditions. Tree vigor of 'Yanshan Duanzhi' is vigorous and hardy obviously, and bearing branch ratio is higher than another two resources and up to 75.7%. 'Yimeng Duanzhi' has stronger resistance, and the biggest and beautiful nuts(8.8 g). Yield of 'Yanshan Duanzhi' is the lowest in the three resources, and it is easier to emerge secondary fruits.


OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and associated mortality of pre-implantation, early, and late ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients receiving continuous- fl ow left ventricular assist devices (CFLVADs). BACKGROUND VAs are common both pre- and post-implantation of left ventricular assist devices. Limited data exist on their prognostic impact in contemporary CFLVADs. METHODS A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent CFLVAD implantation between 2000 and 2015 with 2 years of follow-up. All VAs, de fi ned as ventricular fi brillation, ventricular tachycardia lasting > 30 s, or a ventricular rhythm requiring de fi brillation, were analyzed. VAs occurring within 30 days of implantation were de fi ned as early. Recorded outcomes included death and receipt of cardiac transplant. RESULTS A total of 517 patients were included for analysis. Early VAs were associated with a signi fi cant reduction in survival (hazard ratio: 1.83; 95% con fi dence interval: 1.28 to 2.61; p ¼ 0.001) compared with patients with late or no VAs. Pre-implantation variables independently predictive of early VAs included prior cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 1.90; 95% con fi dence interval: 1.09 to 3.32; and pre-CFLVAD ventricular tachycardia storm (odds 3.15; con fi dence to p ¼ The incidence of early VAs from 2000 to 2007 was as high as 47%, whereas the highest incidence from 2008 to 2015 22%. CONCLUSIONS VAs within 30 days after CFLVAD implantation are associated with an increased risk for death. Predictors of early VAs include prior cardiac surgery and pre-CFLVAD ventricular tachycardia storm. Temporal trends have shown a decrease in VA from 2000 to 2015. Strategies to reduce arrhythmia burden shortly after CFLVAD implantation warrant further investigation.


Kogiids are known by two living species, the pygmy and dwarf sperm whale (Kogia breviceps and K. sima). Both are relatively rare, and as their names suggest, they are closely related to the sperm whale, all being characterized by the presence of a spermaceti organ. However, this organ is much reduced in kogiids and may have become functionally different. Here we describe a fossil kogiid from the late Miocene of Panama and we explore the evolutionary history of the group with special attention to this evolutionary reduction. The fossil consists of cranial material from the late Tortonian (~7.5 Ma) Piña facies of the Chagres Formation in Panama. Detailed comparison with other fossil and extant kogiids and the results of a phylogenetic analysis place the Panamanian kogiid, herein named Nanokogia isthmia gen. et sp. nov., as a taxon most closely related to Praekogia cedrosensis from the Messinian (~6 Ma) of Baja California and to Kogia spp. Furthermore our results show that reduction of the spermaceti organ has occurred iteratively in kogiids, once in Thalassocetus antwerpiensis in the early-middle Miocene, and more recently in Kogia spp. Additionally, we estimate the divergence between extant species of Kogia at around the late Pliocene, later than previously predicted by molecular estimates. Finally, comparison of Nanokogia with the coeval Scaphokogia cochlearis from Peru shows that these two species display a greater morphological disparity between them than that observed between the extant members of the group. We hypothesize that this reflects differences in feeding ecologies of the two species, with Nanokogia being more similar to extant Kogia. Nanokogia shows that kogiids have been part of the Neotropical marine mammal communities at least since the late Miocene, and gives us insight into the evolutionary history and origins of one of the rarest groups of living whales. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123909 April 29, 2015 1 / 29 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Velez-Juarbe J, Wood AR, De Gracia C, Hendy AJW (2015) Evolutionary Patterns among Living and Fossil Kogiid Sperm Whales: Evidence from the Neogene of Central America. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0123909. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123909 Academic Editor: Laurent Viriot, Team 'Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition', FRANCE Received: September 25, 2014 Accepted: February 23, 2015 Published: April 29, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Velez-Juarbe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation Partnerships for International Research and Education grant #0966884 to JVJ, ARW, CDG, and AJWH; National Science Foundation Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship grant #1249920 to JVJ; and Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología en Innovación grant #APY-NI10-016A to CDG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


A primary reconstruction feature of the freeway proper embodies the strengthening or replacement of the traveled way pavement, usually in combination with widening to increase the number of traffic lanes and to provide adequate and continuous shoulders. An important goal in this process is the need to maintain traffic along the freeway with little reduction in travel speed and capacity. Also of significance is the objective to accomplish the improvement within existing right-of-way or with only occasional taking of adjoining property, and to confine traffic movements and construction operations within such right-of-way.


Expert opinion is fundamental in any evaluation of perceived quality. However, this can pose some problems for firms. Experts need to be trained, paid and be completely devoted to their task and ideally there must be more than one. All these factors add up to expert advice being very costly for a firm. In order to find a solution to this, we have created a referential for sensorial evaluation from which we can deduce expert responses without calling on their assistance. Using a previous analysis of perceived quality, where experts took part and gave their opinions, we found some correlations between the sensorial descriptors and the objective descriptors. The methods employed are quite distinctive from each other and this enables us to check the results. The methods employed comprise: Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Factorial Analysis of correlations, Cross Tabulation, classical statistics and finally, we have represented the referential visually using a graph which enables us to observe the correlations clearly. Following on from this we created a sensorial evaluation referential. This referential is a set of inference rules "IF...THEN...." which enables us to pass from psychoacoustic or biodynamic descriptors to sensorial descriptors and vice versa.


T Sixth PANDA Symposium was held on April 14th and 15th, 2018. The 2-day symposium program included the following sessions: (1) Report of the Outcomes Workshop, September 2017, (2) Lessons learned: neuroimaging studies and neurodevelopmental outcome research, (3) Engaging stakeholders to promote safe anesthesia/sedation care in young children, (4) Outcomes research in vulnerable pediatric populations, (5) Developmental neurotoxicity research, 2018 and (6) Moderated poster sessions. The Supplement in the following pages will present a total of 13 articles. Report on the Sixth Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopmental Assessment (PANDA) symposium, "Anesthesia and Neurodevelopment in Children." (Lee JL, Sun LS, Levy RJ.) Developmental neurotoxicity research: an update. (Ko R, Brambrink AM, O'Leary J, Waspe J, Houck P.) SmartTots Outcomes Workshop, 2017: notes from a round table discussion about outcome measures. (Jackson WM, McCullough A, Rauh V, Salorio C.) Using neuroimaging to study the effects of pain, analgesia, and anesthesia on brain development. (Chen J, Gadi G, Panigrahy A, Tam E.) Prolonged anesthetic exposure in children and factors associated with exposure duration. (Ing C, Ma X, Klausner AJ, Dutton RP, Li G.) Engaging stakeholders to promote safe anesthesia and sedation care in young children. (Jackson WM, Chen J, Dworkin RH.) Anesthesia exposure in children: practitioners respond to the 2016 FDA drug safety communication. (Pinyavat T, Saraiya N, Chen J, Ferrari L, Goffman D, Imahiyerobo T, Middlesworth W, Hyman J, Hyun G, Houck C.) Reaching parents through an online community. (Boat A, Monteleone M, Lee JL, Sun LS.) Outcomes research in vulnerable pediatric populations. (Lee KM, Diacovo TG, Calderon J, Byrne MW, Ing C.) Epidemiology and resource utilization of simple febrile seizure-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 2003-2012. (Huang YY, Li G, Sun LS.) Early developmental exposure to repetitive long duration of midazolam sedation causes behavioral and synaptic alterations in a rodent model of neurodevelopment. (Xu J, Mathena RP, Singh S, Kim J, Long JJ, Li Q, Junn S, Blaize E, Mintz CD.) A summary of preclinical poster presentations at the Sixth Biennial Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopment Assessment (PANDA) symposium. (Griffiths K,


In this paper, an optically transparent circularly polarized E-shaped antenna is presented for THz applications. THz antennas are important for inter-satellite communication systems to enable the adequate spatial resolution, wide bandwidth, superior data rates and highly directional beam with secured data transmission. Due to the non-ionizing nature and penetration capability of THz radiation, the application of THz antenna is gaining momentum in space communications and security systems. Transparent conductive material namely indium tin oxide is deployed as patch. Due to low conductivity, the performance of ITO based antenna is slightly reduced which is overcome by loading another transparent highly conductive material namely carbon nanotube as cover over the patch. Circular polarization is acquired by introducing orthogonality between two resonating degenerate current modes with the aid of the two unequal parallel slits of E-shaped patch along with inserted E-shaped and I-shaped slots into the patch. 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 22.2% and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 9.14% are achieved with good radiation performance which makes this simple nano-antenna suitable for THz applications.


Education faith refers to the system of concept which is formed on the basis of rational understanding to the education.It condensation of spiritual pursuit and value care to education as a means of promoting human development.Education faith affects teachers'professional development and career development,as well as teachers' educational practice.In contemporary,Educational crisis of faith is the biggest problem on the level of teachers' values.


Sarcoidosis, formerly considered a rare skin condition, apparently is a rather common human ailment with many guises. Often asymptomatic, its most common presentation is upon a routine chest X-ray. When symptomatic it may present primarily as a disorder of the skin, pulmonary system, or visual apparatus, and thus is recognized mainly by dermatologists, chest physicians, or ophthalmologists. Its aetiology remains obscure and though it is sometimes listed as an infectious disease in modern textbooks, no causative agent has been isolated which permits Koch's postulates to be fulfilled, and no satisfactory animal model, either spontaneous or induced, has been identified. No single laboratory test absolutely confirms the diagnosis, and the best evidence, namely a positive biopsy showing non-caseating granulomata, is only suggestive of sarcoidosis. Still, there are those clinical findings and laboratory data which permit the clinician to confidently make the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.


A key component of establishing free-space optical communication between ground stations, satellites, and lunar nodes consists of accurate pointing, tracking, and beam acquisition. This investigation explores the use of sensor arrays external to the receiver aperture for sampling the incoming transmitted beam for the purpose of estimating the pointing error. Different arrays of sensors and different combinations of sensors processed with the traditional quadrant detector algorithm were evaluated based on the ability to accurately predict the direction of pointing error under a variety of beam widths and turbulence conditions. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that different configurations perform best under different conditions, and thus a combination of configurations with flexible processing capabilities provides the most promising approach. Beam width proved to be the most important factor in prediction accuracy.


We discussed the X-rays permanent radiation effects on a variety of passive components developed using the silicon photonics platform of CEA-Leti. The objective is to assess the vulnerability of such devices at different total ionizing dose (TID) levels to provide an overview of the main radiation effects in this class of components. In detail, we have irradiated at room temperature grating couplers, microring resonators (MRRs), Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), Echelle grating de-multiplexers at five different doses, from 152 Gy(Si) to 1.52 MGy(Si) with $\sim $ 40 keV X-rays. In the following, we first discuss the extraction of an important parameter for the study of photonics technologies under irradiation, the so-called "permanent radiation-induced attenuation" (RIA) of different geometries of silicon-integrated waveguides: strip, mid-Rib (mRib) and deep-Rib (dRib). Our results show that the geometry of the mRib waveguide presents the best radiation tolerance, with permanent RIA below 1.5 dB/cm, while the other architectures of guides exceed 2 dB/cm. Directional couplers (DCs), microring resonators, MZI and Echelle grating de-multiplexers show very good tolerance to high TID irradiations up to 1.52 MGy(Si), and no relevant permanent radiation-induced changes were observed for all of these passive devices. Such a finding is a good start to investigate in the future the eventual transient effects through in situ measurements and their recovery mechanisms.


We analytically evaluate the outage performance of the half-duplex partial decode-forward (PDF) relaying over Rayleigh fading channels. In PDF relaying, the source splits its information into cooperative and private parts, and the relay decodes only the cooperative information then forwards it to the destination coherently with the source. Assuming full CSI at the receivers and limited CSI at the transmitters, we analyze the outage performance by jointly considering outages of the cooperative and private parts at both the relay and the destination. In spite of additional outage at the relay and limited CSI at the transmitters, we show that PDF relaying achieves the full diversity order of 2 at high SNR. Numerical results confirm the analysis and show the advantage of the considered PDF scheme, with coherent transmission and joint decoding at the destination, over the existing DF and PDF schemes.


The relationship between motives for participation in and dropout from adult education courses was examined by relating factorially derived motivation scores to an index of dropout-persistence. Of the eight motivation factors identified only one was significantly associated with dropout. It was argued that dropout from adult education stems from a complex interaction of psychological and environmental variables and that single-variable correlations yield little of value to the educator.


In general practice, which is the most comprehensive type of medical practice, there is a tendency to become closely involved with a limited number of patients or problems, excluding any consideration of the overall picture. For some years I have been concerned about the dearth of organized studies of patients seen in general practice, but have done nothing myself in the field of research except think about it. In 1964 I felt strongly enough about the value of research in general practice that I applied for the Nuffield Foundation Travelling Fellowship, to see personally what was being done, and what might be applicable in Canada.


As the education informationization process speeds up,colleges will be the key arena where the social informationization develops quickly.In this process,colleges not only fulfill its goal of informationization construction,but propel the development of informationization of the whole society.Therefore,colleges face three tasks in the informationization construction,that is,infrastructure construction,integration of information technology and teaching element and its expanding,enhancing information exchange.


High and low intensity dynamic environments experienced by a spacecraft during launch and on-orbit operations, respectively, induce structural loads and motions, which are difficult to reliably predict. Structural dynamics in low- and mid-frequency bands are sensitive to component interface uncertainty and non-linearity as evidenced in laboratory testing and flight operations. Analytical tools for prediction of linear system response are not necessarily adequate for reliable prediction of mid-frequency band dynamics and analysis of measured laboratory and flight data. A new MATLAB toolbox, designed to address the key challenges of mid-frequency band dynamics, is introduced in this paper. Finite-element models of major subassemblies are defined following rational frequency-wavelength guidelines. For computational efficiency, these subassemblies are described as linear, component mode models. The complete structural system model is composed of component mode subassemblies and linear or non-linear joint descriptions. Computation and display of structural dynamic responses are accomplished employing well-established, stable numerical methods, modern signal processing procedures and descriptive graphical tools. Parametric sensitivity and Monte-Carlo based system identification tools are used to reconcile models with experimental data and investigate the effects of uncertainties. Models and dynamic responses are exported for employment in applications, such as detailed structural integrity and mechanical-optical-control performance analyses.


Objective To investigate the effect of warm acidic blood controlled reperfusion in terms of the degree of acidity and duration on immature myocardium.Methods Isolated working rabbit heart model was used.160 rabbits (aged 14 21 days) were divided into 16 groups ( n =10) according to the pH values (6.6,7.0,7.4 and 7.8 by adding HCl) and the duration (1,3,5 and 7 min) of warm blood when used in controlled reperfusion.Every heart underwent 30 min normothemic global ischemia after warm blood cardioplegia induced arrest,and got warm blood controlled reperfusion at the end.Such index,including the recovery of hemodynamics,CK leakage,myocardial cell Na + and Ca 2+ content,ATP and ultrastructure were tested.Results Controlled reperfusion less than 3 min with a mildly acidic warm blood (pH 7.0) yielded best recovery.Conclusion The effects of reperfusion with warm acidic blood on the immature myocardium were influenced by degree and duration with biphasic response characteristics.


This paper focuses on how strategic influence is gained among subsidiaries. By adopting an attention-based perspective of power this study develops and empirically tests a set of hypotheses aimed a ...


Background: TIP150 is a unique microtubule plus-end tracking protein essential for mitotic regulation. Results: TIP150 cooperates with EB1 to mediate mitotic chromosome segregation and checkpoint control. Conclusion: The EB1-TIP150-PCAF interaction is essential for kinetochore-microtubule plus-end dynamics and chromosome plasticity in mitosis. Significance: EB1-TIP150 interaction orchestrated by PCAF governs chromosome dynamics during cell division. The microtubule cytoskeleton network orchestrates cellular dynamics and chromosome stability in mitosis. Although tubulin acetylation is essential for cellular plasticity, it has remained elusive how kinetochore microtubule plus-end dynamics are regulated by p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) acetylation in mitosis. Here, we demonstrate that the plus-end tracking protein, TIP150, regulates dynamic kinetochore-microtubule attachments by promoting the stability of spindle microtubule plus-ends. Suppression of TIP150 by siRNA results in metaphase alignment delays and perturbations in chromosome biorientation. TIP150 is a tetramer that binds an end-binding protein (EB1) dimer through the C-terminal domains, and overexpression of the C-terminal TIP150 or disruption of the TIP150-EB1 interface by a membrane-permeable peptide perturbs chromosome segregation. Acetylation of EB1-PCAF regulates the TIP150 interaction, and persistent acetylation perturbs EB1-TIP150 interaction and accurate metaphase alignment, resulting in spindle checkpoint activation. Suppression of the mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine protein kinase, BubR1, overrides mitotic arrest induced by impaired EB1-TIP150 interaction, but cells exhibit whole chromosome aneuploidy. Thus, the results identify a mechanism by which the TIP150-EB1 interaction governs kinetochore microtubule plus-end plasticity and establish that the temporal control of the TIP150-EB1 interaction by PCAF acetylation ensures chromosome stability in mitosis.


Abstract Objectives Decisions regarding the types and amounts of micronutrients to include in large-scale food fortification (LSFF) programs should consider costs. The Micronutrient Intervention Modeling (MINIMOD) cost tool estimates the costs of alternative LSFF programs, with focus on stakeholders' cost burdens. Methods An activity-based cost model was developed and adapted to the context of Burkina Faso. Key national characteristics (e.g., population size), and information on existing and hypothetical LSFF programs (e.g., adherence to standards) establish the model's platform. Private- and public-sector costs (as relevant) of designing, implementing, and managing LSFF are included. The model contains a micronutrient premix cost calculator. LSFF-vehicle-specific consumption patterns (e.g., g/day of fortifiable wheat flour consumed, based on household survey data) link costs to program reach. A ten-year planning time horizon is adopted. Results The premix required to fortify wheat flour with iron and folic acid (60 mg/kg of ferrous fumarate, 2.5 mg/kg of folic acid – the current standard) is estimated to cost ∼$2.11 (2020 USD) per MT of fortified flour, with overall 10-year program costs of ∼$2.4m; ∼25% faced by industry (e.g., internal quality control), ∼23% by government (e.g., external monitoring), and 52% by stakeholders who would cover premix costs (generally assumed to be industry, with some pass-through to consumers). Cost per person and cost per person reached are ∼$0.010 and ∼$0.023, respectively. Including zinc in this premix (95 mg/kg of zinc oxide) would increase the cost per MT of fortified flour to ∼$3.02, total 10-year program costs to ∼$3.3m, and cost per person and per person reached to ∼$0.014 and ∼$0.032, respectively. The premix's share of costs increased to ∼54%. Conclusions The levels and compositions of the costs should be considered when designing and managing LSFF, in part because different stakeholder groups, including consumers, will be called upon to pay them. Premix costs are one main cost driver; increasing the number and/or amounts of fortificants will increase overall program costs and shift the burden of costs among stakeholders. Funding Sources Research was supported by a grant to UC Davis from Helen Keller International through their support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Objective To monitor the dynamic changes of serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP) and to evaluate the predictive value for severity and prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods The serum levels of 45 patients with SAP and 45 patients with mild acute pancreatitis(MAP) were measured respectively on days 1,3,5,7,10 and 14 of admission,and the result were analyzed.Results In MAP group the peak level of serum levels of CRP appeared on day 3 and began to decrease on day 7 and and decreased to the normal level on day 14.Nevertheless the peak level in SAP group was found on day 1 and decreased slowly,and retained in high levels in later stage.On day 1 of admission,the serum levels of CRP in SAP group were significantly higher than those in MAP group(P0.01).The same results were also got when the complication group of SAP compared to non-complication group(P0.01).Conclusion Dynamic changes of the serum levels of CRP are related to the occurrence and development of SAP;the serum levels of CRP may be a predictive index for severity and prognosis of acute severe pancreatitis.


To examine the applicability of the time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) for treating the electron–nucleus coupling in excited states, we calculate the strength distribution associated with the π–π* transition in ethylene. The observed optical transition strength in the 7–8.5 eV region shows a complex structure arising from coupling to C–C stretch motion, to torsional motion, and to Rydberg excitations. The mean energy of the observed peak is reproduced to about 0.2 eV accuracy by the TDDFT in the local density approximation (LDA). The reflection approximation is used to calculate the peak broadening. Roughly half of the broadening can be attributed to the fluctuation in the C–C coordinate. The asymmetry in the line shape is also qualitatively reproduced by the C–C coordinate fluctuation. We find, in agreement with other theoretical studies, that the torsional motion is responsible for the progression of weak transition strength extending from the peak down to about 6 eV. The LDA reproduces the strength in this region to a factor of about 3. We conclude that the TDDFT is rather promising for calculating the electron–nucleus coupling at short times.


Involvement of pro‐inflammatory genes has been correlated with basic kidney diseases and end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, results at odds were often noted from such independent association studies. This study proposes a genome wide analysis approach to predict ESRD risk associated genes.


The constitute and alternation of 16 trilobite fossil zones in Jiangshan of Zhejiang indicates that there were two major marine regression and one major progression had taken place during the Cambrian. Three trilobite ecology assembalge can be differentiated with their δ13C change characteristics: the Corynexochida, the Agnosti-da, the Ptychopariida. The three ecology assembalge was associated with the changes of sea-level during the Cambrian : the Lower-Cambrian progression series, the Middle-Cambrian to the early of the Upper-Cambrian progression series, and the late of the Upper-Cambrian marine regression series. The unification of inorganic environment and organic environment showed the relationships of biology and environment.


Aerodynamically generated noise is significant when the train speed exceeds 250㎞/h. Experiments were performed in order to investigate the characteristics of aerodynamic noise sources generated from exterior of the HSR-350x , especially from the inter-coach spacing. Measurements of both the inside and outside of the cabin are carried out to investigate the characteristics of the noise. Effect of the size of the gap has been investigated through an wind tunnel test and it has been found that the low frequency noise is strongly dependent on the size of gap. Also performed is an array measurement to locate different noise sources from the high-speed train. Spectral characteristics of exterior noise sources have been examined through these experiments.


Ippei MARUYAMA, and Go Igarashi � Prediction system for compressive concrete strength in aged structural member is proposed. This system is composed of models of rate of hydration, cement paste phase composition, heat production, specific heat, compressive strength, vapor desorption isotherm, coupled heat and moisture transfer. Each model is verified through experimental data. This system is aiming for the structural member which can not be accessed or can not be evaluated by the core sample test. Using non-destructive data or quality control sample's data, this system might illustrate the distribution and development of concrete strength in structural member properly. From the calculation results for a concrete member exposed to high temperature condition, strength development as well as distribution is quite sensitive to the boundary condition, and this concludes that the evaluation of structural member under such


Five manganese(I) tricarbonyl complexes of the general formula [Mn(CO)3(bpyR,R)(azole)]PF6 with R = H, COOCH3, and azole = ketoconazole (ktz), miconazole (mcz), and clotrimazole (ctz) were synthesized and fully charaterized, including X-ray structure analysis for the ctz compound. The antibacterial activity on a panel of eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains was determined. While there was no effect on the latter microorganisms, the ctz complex showed submicromolar activity on Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis with MIC values of 0.625 μM. Antiparasitic activity was investigated on Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei. Coordination of the organic azole drugs to the Mn(CO)3 moiety led to complexes with low micromolar IC50 values, but their potential for antileishmanial therapy is low due to comparable toxicity on mammalian cell lines 293T and J774.1. In contrast, the antitrypanosomal activity is much more promising, and the most potent compound incorparting the ktz ligand has an ...


OBJECTIVE To study the induction of Echinacea purpurea hairy roots and the production of chemical constituents therein.METHODS Leaf blades and stems of Echinacea purpurea were infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4,R1601,and 1025,respectively.RESULTS Hairy roots were induced from the wounded brim of the explants after inoculation of E.purpurea explants with A.rhizogenes of A4,R1601 or 1 025.The percentage of rooted leaf explants was 66.7% after A4 infection.At the same time,single-factor experiments for several influential factors were carried out to find the best condition for inducement of Echinacea purpurea hairy roots.The most appropriate A.rhizogenes was A4,the most appropriate infecting time was about 12 min,the most appropriate A600 of A4 suspension was about 0.8,the most appropriate co-culture time was 2 d,the most appropriate preculture time was 2 d,the most appropriate co-culture temperature was about 24 ℃ and the most appropriate pH of culture medium was about 6.0,under which the average inducing rate reached 54%.The induced roots were identified and confirmed to be transformed hairy roots by PCR analysis.The contents of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in hairy roots were 15.54% and 2.491%.CONCLUSION The in vitro culture system of the established hairy roots has laid a foundation for mass production of chemical constituents by hairy root culture.


Hyperbolic metamaterials use the concept of controlling the propagative modes through the engineering of the dispersion relation, and are considered highly promising to reach different meta-properties. Spectroscopic Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry with variable angle of incidence and full azimuthal rotation of the sample is a powerful optical technique to characterize both anisotropic and bi-anisotropic materials. We here discuss the experimentally extracted uniaxial and biaxial optical properties of two self-assembled plasmonic systems that appear to have the appropriate meta-dispersion relations. The metasurface was produced by oblique incidence angle ion beam sputtering of glass followed by shadow deposition of Au [1]. The second bulk metamaterial was a block-copolymer based self-assembled hyperbolic metamaterial of nanocomposites based on metal nanoparticles embedded in a self-assembled anisotropic polymer host, presenting a strong spectrally selective optical anisotropy [2]. The extracted effective dielectric functions and the resulting dispersion relations are presented.


Background: Antihistamines having H-1 receptor blocking properties are one of the preferred agents for treatment of allergic symptoms of various dermatological disorders . There are guidelines which allow rational use of these drugs. But a significant number of these agents are prescribed irrationally. To strengthen rational use periodic assessment of prescribing patterns may modify therapeutic effectiveness and unwanted adverse drug reactions. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 3 months in the outpatient Department of Dermatology of Government Medical College Hospital, Raigarh. The prescriptions having at least one H1 Antihistamine drug prescribed were taken for the study. The collected prescriptions were analyzed in terms of legibility, demographic details of patients, pattern of skin diseases reported, trends in antihistamine drug usage and WHO prescription indicators. Results: Out of the total 508 collected legible prescriptions 284 were males. The majority of patients were in the age group of 31-40 years (33.27%). Scabies, dermatophytosis and eczema were the top three disorders for which antihistamines were prescribed. Overall second-generation H1 antihistamines were prescribed more commonly. Levocetrizine was the highest prescribed antihistamine (59.15%). Conclusion: The present study reveals that the use of first generation Antihistamines has been decreased for treating cutaneous diseases. But still significant number of first generation drugs have been prescribed in many prescriptions .The introduction of standard treatment guidelines, audits and upgrading undergraduate curriculum can surely improve use of these drugs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 20-01-2020 Date of Acceptance: 10-02-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Abstract : The Federal Republic of Germany has arisen to take a leadership position in the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis. This quasi depression has highlighted the economic interdependence of the Eurozone member states and has exposed the fundamental weakness of the lack of a political union between members to coordinate a timely fiscal response. This thesis examines why the Federal Republic of Germany became the cornerstone for Eurozone monetary stability; how the country contributed and what it has sacrificed thus far towards the crisis; and surveys what Germany must do in the future to ensure European financial stability. Germany s current commitment to the continent is examined here through the treaties that economically linked the European nations and formed the foundation for the Eurozone. In addition, the weaknesses of periphery member states that contributed to the crisis and the substantial sovereign economic bailouts and recovery packages that have been enacted by the Troika are analyzed. The thesis then examines the three options that are available to the Eurozone: to continue to muddle through the crisis, to enact substantial reforms, or to splinter and break-up the Union. The results support the choice for greater political integration and the need for the issuance of Eurobonds.


The subtitle data encoding apparatus according to the present invention is used in a vidio image transmission system. The apparatus creates loading blocks from relative position information by sampling an input bit stream at a frame interval. The loading block corresponds to a pixel data block and contains changeover position information which updates a change position, delays the update operation and sets the length of the delay. The address used to access a color lookup table for displaying subtitle data is changeable at the change position to access different display data stored therein. The pixel data block is encoded from subtitle data and the loading blocks and pixel data blocks are combined for transmission. The changeover position information can also be used to progress a color-wipe operation.


Waste is a challenge for many countries in the world, including Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Environment, the volume of waste in Indonesia reached 64 billion tons per year. Organic waste is the most significant type of waste produced, 60% of the total type of waste. This study analyzed the causes of organic waste originating from the household and market sectors, where organic waste is not handled correctly. Parts of fruit and vegetables that should still have added value are immediately disposed of and end up in landfills. This study used an open-loop supply chain method to analyze the potential for adding value to waste. This research produced a model for processing organic waste and suggestions for adding value to the organic waste. Such as being used as animal feed, as a medium for maggot growth, water fleas with high selling value, and compost or biogas. This research could directly impact the market's economic value, community environment, and housing.


The focus of this paper is the public protests organized by family members and friends of the victims of the Kiss Nightclub fire in Santa Maria, Brazil, with special attention given to the protest's emotional and bodily dimensions, as well as to their transformations over time. Even though participants perceived the aggravation of their suffering in the unfolding of their relations with institutions such as City Hall, the Public Prosecutor's Office, and House of Councilors, many reorganized their lives according to their participation in court proceeding sand public demonstrations. The protests' flags declared that such a tragic incident must never repeat itself ("never again"), and that public agents need to be held accountable for their responsibility in the fire ("those responsible must pay for the tragedy"). Through the participant observation of events and the monitoring of media reports about the "tragedy", this research shows the micropolitical work of emotions within the transformation of the meaning of an event.


This book focuses on the central puzzle of how the rules of war regulate the conduct of people already engaged in a prohibited activity—namely, aggressive war. Ripstein's project is to provide an account of why the laws of war should apply equally to wrongdoers—that is, those who participate in an impermissibly initiated war—and to those who are in the right. The book also includes three comments on Ripstein's lectures, followed by a reply to the comments. This introduction outlines the primary claims put forward in the lectures, comments, and reply, and it offers some additional points of discussion, including how acknowledging the lawfulness of Security Council-authorized humanitarian intervention can be reconciled with the book's primary argument.


This paper aims to explore the effect of cultural factor on the thinking pattern and ways of language expression through the discussion of"war"conceptual metaphors.The analysis reveals that though conceptual metaphors,an important component of human cognition,share some universal features cross-culturally,they are also subject to the influence of culture.The interpretation of them is basically culture-based,and the language structures used to convey these conceptual metaphors are particularly determined by the conceptual patterns of a culture,i.e.the social scripts.


Chandler and his disciples have posited that modern corporations with professional management teams, separation of ownership and management, and emphasis on scale and scope economies are more innovative and efficient than family firms. They conclude that personal capitalism in the form of family ownership is dysfunctional that can barely maintain themselves in the modern business world. Theories of firm value creation also argue that concentration of family ownership extracts control premium at the expense of minority shareholders. Moreover, organisational theorists tend to criticise family firms as ephemeral, confusing, nepotistic, and autocratic. Therefore, family firm is seemed not to be the best form of organisation in the modern business world. Despite of the above criticisms, mounting evidence has revealed that family firms are still playing a significant role in emerging and developed economies in terms of generation of new employment and GDP growth. A number of world-class firms including Michelin, Armani, Wal-mart, Fidelity, Home-Depot, and IKEA are founded and controlled by families. In the structure of all firms, the estimated shares of family firms are 75% and 80% in Britain and the US respectively. Even in Asia, a plethora of literature has revealed that family firms continue to represent a powerful force in Australia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and mainland China. The objective of this article is to undertake a review of three key management controversies surrounding the study of family firms so that some specific recommendations can be made for further research.


THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON IS CREating a unique Internet-based initiative in polymer science and polymer engineering that when fully operational will provide a continuous learning experience from kindergarten to college to career online job training. Called the Global Polymer Academy (GPA), the venture will eventually link corporations and school districts with the university for a range of education, training, and team-based research programs. "A four-year base set of university learning currently is the biggest piece of education to prepare someone for a career," notes GPADirector R. Byron Pipes. "In that program, a student packs all of the learning into a short time and then sets out on a career with it. But the broader scope is really to look at learning as a lifetime experience that may cover 40 years or more. That's an order of magnitude difference of learning. So we began to think what the role of the university should be to cover ...


This is the first quarterly report for Fiscal Year (FY) 1994 for TTP AL 142003, Development of a Real-Time Monitor for Airborne Alpha Emissions. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is developing a new technology for on-line, real-time monitoring of incinerator stacks for low levels of airborne alpha activity. While initially developed for incinerators, this new technology may well find other applications in continuous air monitoring, process monitoring, and monitoring during remediation activities. Referred to as the Large-Volume Flow Thru Detector System (LVFTDS), this technology responds directly to the need for fast responding, high sensitivity effluent monitoring systems. With DOE EM-50 funding, LANL has fabricated a bench-top proof of concept detector system and is conducting tests to evaluate its performance. A second- generation prototype is being designed, based on requirements driven by potential field test sites. An industrial partner is being solicited to license the technology. Field trials of a full-scale detector system are planned for FY 95. Accomplishments during the first quarter of FY 94 are chronicled in this report, including budgetary data. A schedule for the remainder of the fiscal year is also provided.


The Bristol Bay region of southwestern Alaska is sparsely inhabited, but richly endowed in resources that could support a major tourism industry. Despite an abundance of natural and cultural attractions and a clear need for economic diversification, the tourism industry is still largely undeveloped. Several factors account for this unfulfilled opportunity, including high travel costs, lack of visitor facilities, a shortage of capital, willing labor and skilled management, local resistance, problematic weather, and an ignorance of the region on the part of tourism promoters and the traveling public. A dynamic involving local people, tourism service providers, and the tourists themselves is required for successful development of an industry and this dynamic is not yet fully in place in the region. Bristol Bay presents numerous opportunities for regional tourism development and for local individual enterprise. Governments, associations and communities may play a role in assisting business owners to capitalize on those opportunities. However, it remains to be seen whether the region's residents will come to the point of endorsing further tourism development, and whether local individuals will find ways to make new tourism businesses work in the region.


Automated critical dimension (CD) metrology has long been known to have certain limitations. As a top down imaging technique, retrograde profiles, resist thickness loss and other process issues are difficult to detect with the standard production CD SEMs used throughout the industry. Tilting capability has recently added much needed degrees of freedom to CD SEMs, potentially opening the door to three dimensional metrology. Various methodologies can be used to interpret tilt image information. This paper investigates one particular technique used to extract three dimensional information. Using cross section and/or atomic force microscopy (AFM), one can evaluate the potential benefits and validity of CD SEM tilt capability. Sidewall angle, film thickness and possibly other parameters could possibly become standard calculations the top down CD SEM could perform on a routine basis. Data is reported comparing 3D information generated from top down CD SEM to AFM. Potentially, a couple of different approaches to evaluating 3D information will be compared. Lastly, recommendations for future applications will be discussed.


Present PERT-type scheduling models implicitly assume unlimited availability of resources. As most project schedulers are aware, however, activities may be constrained in their start dates by availability of resources as well as by technological orderings. Analytic solutions to the limited-resource, project scheduling problem are infeasible at present for all but small projects; heuristic approaches seem most promising of useful results. One such approach, described here, is a computer model capable of scheduling single or multiple projects within resource limits and other constraints commonly encountered by the project scheduler. The basic formulation of the model is discussed along with its scheduling heuristics which determine the period-by-period allocation of resources to activities in a project. By changing certain parameters and heuristics in the model, one can simulate project scheduling under varying constraints and scheduling rules. Applications of the model to a number of fictitious and real projects are described.


The project was carried out for the Bachelor Degree of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering, performed at Karlstad's university. The contractor 3TEMP develops high-quality equipment for the ...


A method was developed for concentrating thorium in large volumes of natural water (200 to 500 l) using iron hydroxide precipitation at low temperature. The contents of thorium and ionium in the Black Sea are (2.2 plus or minus 0.2) x 10/sup -9/ and (2.5 plus or minus 1.0) x 10/sup -13/ g/l, respectively. The content of thorium decreases from the coastal area to the open sea. Moreover, the thorium content decreases much faster than the ionium because Iarger quanities of Th/sup 232/ are found in coarse terrigeneous suspension, while ionium occurs in fine colloidal suspensions that do not settle as easily to the bottom and are carried farther into the open basin. (R.V.J.)


To prompt the present situation and utilized values of fundamental geo-information, this paper focuses on a change detection method based on remote sensing image and GIS vector for linear features. Firstly unilateral vector was taken as original value of linear features; then edge points were picked up by pyramid decomposition and multi-scale template matching, and Ziplock Snake method was adopted to further improve the extraction results; finally buffer zone was constructed to distinguish the changed part. This change detection method proves to have higher degree of automation and more precise, so long as the registration of remote sensing image and vector map is accurate.


Pt utilization, i.e. the ratio of the electrochemically active Pt surface area of a MEA to the Pt surface area of the catalyst, was analyzed at 20-100%RH, 40-80°C. Pt utilization significantly decreased with decreasing RH for Pt/C catalysts in which Pt particles are supported not only on the carbon surface but also inside the carbon, while kept high even at low RH in the samples with Pt particles supported only on the carbon surface. We presume that this is because the Pt particles inside are not covered with ionomers and protons cannot access any longer at low RH.


A parametric study of a laterally loaded pile in granular soil with a socketted tip is presented. The variation of subgrade modulus of granular soil is assumed to be linearly increasing with depth, from zero at the surface. The study covers all end constraint conditions, including fixed and pinned pile tips, and fixed and free pile heads. Both applied moment and lateral load at the head of the pile were considered. The displacements, moments and shear forces along the plies were determined using a finite element method. The results of the deformation coefficients, force coefficients and minimum socketted depths are presented as a set of design charts.


A common way of integrating high frequency antennas into an automotive vehicle is a shark-fin module on the roof of the vehicle. However, increasing the size of shark-fin modules in order to accommodate a growing number of wireless communication services is undesirable from both aesthetic and aerodynamic performance points of view. The antenna integration will become more challenging as the trend of integrating more antennas and sensors continues with the emergence of autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes to integrate the antennas inside a spoiler of a vehicle to address the integration challenge and presents an integration of a cellular antenna in a rear spoiler of a vehicle. The proposed ultra wide-band (UWB) antenna operates from 617 MHz to 5 GHz supporting most of cellular bands including sub-6 GHz 5G. The antenna has a compact size of 0.14λ × 0.13λ × 0.04λ at the lowest operating frequency. The simulated results agree well with the measured results.


The main reasons causing increased chilling tendency of nodular iron are as follows: using metal charge containing trace and alloy elements which can increase chilling tendency;molten iron being holded at high temperature too long;abnormal nodularizing and/or inoculation treatment,as well as abnormal composition control.In order to decrease chilling tendency,it is suggested to shorten holding time of molten iron at high temperature;adopt nodularizing alloy with low rear earth content;reduce trace elements and bismuth contents of the metal charge.


The house renovation program provided by the Aceh Besar regional government, especially in Gampong Bira Lhok, Montasik District, is an assistance program for the welfare of villagers whose housing conditions are far from livable. The problem faced by the Gampong government in the decision system for recipients of house renovation assistance at this time is that it still uses the decision system of deliberations between the Gampong apparatus and the Village Head so that it takes time to make decisions. Therefore, it is necessary to have a Decision Support System (SPK) to determine the acceptance of the house rehab program for residents with livable housing conditions based on computer information systems. This final project research aims to build a decision-making information system for home rehabilitation recipients using the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) method in Bira Lhok Village, Montasik District. The system development method used is the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) method using PHP and MySQL programming. The final project research resulted in a decision making information system for home rehabilitation recipients using the web-based Weighted Sum Model (WSM) with a factor weighting form interface, a form for prospective beneficiaries, a form for income criteria, assets, food and buildings, as well as a report on the assessment list of prospective recipients of rehabilitation assistance. House. Based on the results of the system that was built, the presence of an information system for decision making for home rehabilitation recipients using the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) method has made it easier for the Gampong Bira Lhok government to make decisions for recipients of home rehabilitation assistance quickly.


Provided is a mobile terminal, which transmits feedback signals when performing transmission power control between a base station and the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal is provided with: a plurality of antennas; a calculation unit, which obtains reception qualities on the basis of given signals and signals received from at least one of the antennas; and a feedback information determining unit, which determines feedback information on the basis of the reception qualities. The mobile terminal transmits feedback signals based on the feedback information to the base station.


Although P. Pevzner and R. Shamir, as well as the Bio2010 project, are right about the importance of computational, mathematical, and modeling skills for the next generation of biologists ("Computing has changed biology—biology education must catch up," Education Forum, 31 July, p. [541][1]),


The article investigates the representation of the way into philosophy inside philosophical texts in point of construction of the phenomenology of the philosophizing subject. The paper demonstrates the paradoxes of philosophical vocabulary and syntax. It considers the concept of two main forms of temporality inside philosophical texts. It reveals the characteristics of text time as the length and as the stress inclusion.


To the untrained eye of a nonprofessional and even to the trained eye of many professionals, it is not uncommon for casual observance of the facade of a high-rise structure to suggest all is well. However, one must look deeper to uncover obscure telltale signs that may reveal underlying problems of great significance. Two case studies illustrate that what is not readily obvious may be critical to public safety in facade inspection. These two studies include a 20-story building built in the mid 1920s with a steel frame and masonry cladding that had developed vertical cracking extending up the corners and a 29-story building barely a decade old which signaled distress when a panel of brick masonry veneer fell to the sidewalk below.


Designing atomically dispersed metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising approach to achieve efficient energy conversion. Herein, we develop a template-assisted method to synthesize a series of single metal atoms anchored on porous N, S co-doped carbon (NSC) matrix as highly efficient ORR catalysts to investigate the correlation between the structure and their catalytic performance. The structure analysis indicates that identical synthesis method results in distinguished structural differences between Fe-centred single-atom catalyst (Fe-SAs/NSC) and Co-centred/Ni-centred single-atom catalysts (Co-SAs/NSC and Ni-SAs/NSC) because of the different trends of each metal ion in forming a complex with the N, S-containing precursor during the initial synthesis process. The Fe-SAs/NSC mainly consists of well-dispersed FeN4S2 centre site where S atoms form bonds with the N atoms. The S atoms in Co-SAs/NSC and Ni-SAs/NSC, on the other hand, form metal-S bonds, resulting in CoN3S1 and NiN3S1 centre sites. Density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the FeN4S2 centre site is more active than the CoN3S1 and NiN3S1 sites, owing to the higher charge density, lower energy barriers of the intermediates and products involved. The experimental results indicate that all three single-atom catalysts could contribute high ORR electrochemical performances while Fe-SAs/NSC exhibits the highest of all, which is even better than commercial Pt/C. Furthermore, Fe-SAs/NSC also displays high methanol tolerance compared with commercial Pt/C and high stability up to 5000 cycles. This work provides insights into the rational design of the definitive structure of single-atom catalysts with tunable electrocatalytic activities for efficient energy conversion.


This bimonthly issue of Clinical Neuropsychiatry opens with an interesting article by Troisi and Dieguez (pp. 150-155) that, first of all, literally seems to take our hands in inviting us to meditate on how much knowledge of the etiology of psychiatric disorders remains still limited if compared to other fields of clinical medicine. Nonetheless, as the authors point out, knowledge has remarkably expanded over the past two decades, punctuated by fascinating findings that challenge previous assumptions about the causes of mental illnesses. If it is unusual for lay people to hold beliefs about the aetiology of diseases that are largely independent of, or even contrary to, professional knowledge based on scientific research, psychiatric disorders still do represent an exception. Starting from these assumptions, Troisi and Dieguez enrolled a wide sample of highly educated subjects in order to assess which causal variables they considered as more important in the etiology of two diagnostically unlabeled cases of psychiatric disorders and if participant's gender, field of study (scientific vs. humanistic), and personality traits may influence their lay beliefs. As a matter of facts, lay beliefs are defined as the individual's subjective and informal explanation of the world around him/her, that does not necessarily agree with scientific knowledge. This includes, as well, explanations relating to health and illness and, since lay beliefs are subjective, they differ from person to person, so one person's understanding of the world is not necessarily the same as another person's (Gellman, 1998). Either way, since psychiatric disorders are to date considered the likely result of a complex multifactorial interaction involving genetic and environmental variables. Somehow, the circadian rhythm may lie almost halfway between genetic and environmental variables and, not surprisingly, its alterations appear to be ubiquitous in psychiatric disorders. Prof. Laura Palagini has been dedicating her research for almost 2 decades to the study of alterations in circadian rhythms in mental disorders and in particular in mood disorders. Indeed, when circadian rhytm alterations occur, mood disorders typically present a more severe clinical presentation that includes an increase suicidal risk, an impaired resilience and a complicated emotional dysregulation. Focusing on the potential role of circadian rhytm alterations, Palagini and colleaugues (pp. 174-186), conducted a study aimed at investigating the possible impact of resilience and emotion dysregulation on the clinical manifestations of bipolar disorders: addressing circadian rhytm alterations might eventually promote resilience and emotional regulation, hence an improvement of mood stability and suicidality. There is common agreement, as well, that the complex multifactorial interaction from which the majority of psychic disorders would derive extends, intertwining, to several internal diseases such as cardiovascular (CVD). The underlying mechanisms of the socalled mind-heart-body connection are, however, still largely to be unveiled albeit there are few doubts that psychopathology represents a cardiovascular risk factor independent from any co-occuring pathology. Mandarano and colleagues (pp. 163-173), to further investigate the links between psychopathology and cardiovascular system, present a study aimed at assessing wether any association may exist between the heart reate variability (HRV) parameters and subthreshold depressive symptoms in a sample of 77 healthy subjects. Interestingly, the authors report that depressive symptoms seemed to be associated solely with the long-term fluctuations of fractal dimensions (DFA-α2). In other words, a fractal analysis of HRV (DFA-α2) may allow to predict depressive symptoms below the diagnostic threshold and therefore serve a san imprint of subclinical depression on the heart rhythm. It goes without saying that the early recognition of subthreshold symptoms (and their treatment) becomes of great importance to rather prevent the management of a full-blown depression (leading, consequently, also to a potential considerable saving of resources). Even more so, in the case of debilitating diseases (such as malignancies and other neoplastic pathologies), the early recognition of psychic symptoms could prove to be of significant sup-


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice,but precise mechanisms that lead to the start and persistence of AF have not been clarified. It has been observed that Atrial fibrosis concurs with AF, a phenomenon that contributes to the resistance to restore and maintain sinus rhythm ( SR ). The promotion of fibrosis involes in a variety of signaling systems, such as angiotensin Ⅱ, transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinases. We have reviewed the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrosis and its progression in this paper.

Key words:
Atrial ibrosis ; Atrial fibrillation ; Molecular biology


Figure 6. Combined time series 1972-1994 and the new data from 2000-2005. The numbers of hooks used per day, total number of hooks per year and the total number of weeks the long liners participated in the fishery for ling and tusk Figure 7. CPUE ([kg/hook] x1000) for ling, tusk and both species combined for the period 1971-1993 and for 20002005. ICES CM 2006/N:17 Tracking changes in the ling and tusk populations using CPUE estimates from logbook data


The present invention discloses a rapeseed stir-frying rapeseed oil production process, wherein rapeseed is subjected to impurity removing through a cleaning sieve, then is subjected to a freezing treatment to carry out wall breaking, and is subjected to stir-frying to achieve a 60-70% doneness so as to easily achieve oil leaching. According to the present invention, a levigation process is adopted, ozone is introduced, and decoloration adopts a specially-treated absorbent; processes of freezing and heating are sequentially performed, such that wall breaking of rapeseed cells is easily achieved, and an oil yield of the production process of the present invention is increased, and is increased by 5-8% compared with an oil yield of the conventional pressing method; and the levigation process is adopted to take oil, such that no pollution is generated, oil product purity is ensured, a pure nature characteristic is provided, and green food requirements are met.


Starting from the corresponding sulfides, N-cyano sulfoximines can easily be accessed under metal-free conditions via the corresponding N-cyano-substituted sulfilimines. The reaction sequence involves a sulfide imination with cyanogen amide in presence of a base and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by an m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) mediated oxidation of the resulting sulfilimine intermediates.


Abstract : This thesis investigates the alleged shortage of computer programmers and systems analysts. The basic premise of this thesis is to quantify the supply of and the demand for computer specialists to determine whether there is empirical evidence of a shortage. A quantification of the supply if computer specialists is presented. Based on an examination of available literature, there is no quantification information available of the demand for computer specialists.


This article describes a Data-Mining-based application intended for the financial sector. Such an application evaluates the level of risk associated to financial loans on appro- val. A sample of 1000 data records from a commercial bank were analyzed and further processed. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) methodology was implemented and a software tool that allows discrete-data con- version was developed so that the samples could be used as input data to the data mining tool called WEKA. Results were compared to assess the performance when applying data mining techniques and classification trees Fecha de envio: septiembre de 2011 Fecha de recepcion: octubre de 2011 Fecha de aceptacion: agosto de 2012


This paper briefly introduces the conceptions of the industrial clus ters, points out that the university possesses very important influence on the f ormation and development of the industrial clusters and the active effect on the promotion of the competitive superiorities of the place where the university lo cates, and based on this, puts forward some suggestions that those regions with stronger sci-tech research ability in China can relay on the local universities to cultivate and develop the industrial clusters with characteristics and lift the competitive superiorities of the region.


With the deepening research on Mongolian lexical semantic, the construction of Mongolian lexical semantic network has become the bright and hot spots in which the current scholars study, in recent years, many scholars have explored much in Mongolian Noun semantic and made great academic achievements, in view of the fact that the urgent need of Mongolian semantics knowledge research, the research on Mongolian verb semantic is also on the agenda. This study aims to propose a way to construct Mongolian verb semantic network which is compatible with WordNet using Chinese WordNet as the lexical semantic basis with reference to the existing Mongolian verb lexical resources, basically completing the construction of Mongolian verb Synsets and the related semantics relationships.


The utility model discloses a gasification furnace for orderly pyrolysis of gas coal rich in oil. A coal feeding hole and a gas outlet are formed in the upper part of a furnace body, wherein the gas outlet is externally connected with the inlet of a water and vapor separating device; an oxygen inlet, a vapor inlet and a slag discharging hole are formed in the lower part of the furnace body; a dry distillation section inside the heightened furnace body is lengthened; the dry distillation section is provided with a stirrer inside the furnace, and the stirrer is provided with five layers of paddles. By adopting the lengthened dry distillation section, the time for the dry raw coal rich in oil to pass through the dry distillation section is prolonged, and due to a temperature gradient from top to bottom, the orderly pyrolysis of the gas coal rich oil in a low-temperature stage, a medium-temperature stage and a high-temperature stage is realized. The stirrer is provided with five layers of paddles, so the adhesive gas coal rich in oil inside a stationary bed is coked and scabbed ahead of time, bias flow and channeling caused by adhesion of the coal in the dry distillation section during a rising process of the gas in the furnace are prevented, and the hydrocarbon contained in the gas coal rich in oil is fully pyrolyzed; therefore, the gasification furnace disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of high oil product yield and good economic benefit. The gasification furnace can be widely used as pyrolysis gasification furnace equipment for implementing dry distillation, pyrolysis and oil extraction on the gas coal rich in oil first and then further gasifying the dry-distilled semi-coke to produce synthesis gas.


We present novel pH and thermo-sensitive amphiphilic triblock copolymers with two hydrophilic poly(2-(di-methylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMAEMA) blocks flanking a central hydrophobic poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] block. The release of doxorubicin from the micelles can be controlled by pH and temperature triggers. Using this system, extremely long duration sustained drug release was achieved, better than most micelle systems currently described in the literature. Sustained release of the drug was achieved at pH 7 and 37 °C. Cytotoxicity tests of the copolymers showed that they have significantly lower toxicity towards fibroblast cells compared with the PDMAEMA homopolymer. The doxorubicin-loaded micelles were effective in controlling the growth of HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that the copolymers could be potentially used in chemotherapeutic applications.


Objective To evaluate three-dimensional transvaginal sonography(3D-TVS) in diagnosis of uterine cavity lesion. Methods 3D-TVS were performed in 56 patients with uterine cavity lesion, the results of which were compared with that of pathology and hysteroscopy, and two-dimensional transvaginal sonography(2D-TVS). Results Of 56 patients, 25 suffered from endometrial polyp, 14 from submucous myoma, 13 from endometrial hyperplasia, 2 from endometrial cancer, and 2 from coagulated blood clot in uterine cavity. The accuracy of diagnosis by 3D-TVS was higher than that by 2D-TVS. The specificity and sensitivity of 3D-TVS in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia was 92.3%、96.7% respectively, while 100% and 100% in submucous myomis. Conclusion 3D-TVS in diagnosis of uterine cavity lesion is superior to 2D-TVS.


13Background: In IPATential150 (NCT03072238), ipatasertib (ipat) + abiraterone (abi) as first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) significantly reduced the ri...


In this paper,the importance of the quality aim in developing tobacco planting base was set forth.The four issues on tobacco planting base construct were ticked off.The builder,building procedure of quality aim and several problems in the constructing process were also put forward.


An electron microscopic method was applied to the quantitative analysis of silver clusters formed on fine cubic AgBr grains by light and reduction. The observation of only one light cluster, i.e., one latent image center, per grain and many reduction clusters per grain indicated a difference in the mechanism of cluster formation, i.e., the presence and absence of the concentration principle, respectively. We concluded that the quantum yield for the photochemical formation of clusters could be unity if positive holes were prevented from reacting with growing clusters. This was consistent with reported quantum yields for print-out silver on the basis of chemical analysis, and therefore proved the applicability of the present method for the quantitative analysis. It was also found that the formation of reduction clusters on treatment of AgBr grains with DMAB occurred nearly quantitatively. The analysis of size distribution of reduction clusters gave additional support for the proposal that DMAB formed dimers of silver atoms, which were stabilized to act as reduction sensitization centers at surface kink sites, but which aggregated to form large clusters when their amount was larger than that for the saturation of the kink sites.


Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS)and Autism Behaviour Checklist(ABC)in our clinical practise.Methods The study examined the reliability of CARS and ABC with the Cronbach's α coeffieient and mean inter-item correlation(MIIC),analysed the constructive and criterion-related validity of CARS and ABC with the principle component analysis and the correlation.Results Cronbach α coefficients of CARS and ABC were 0.781 and 0.810 respectively,MIIC was 0.324 and 0.254.The principal component analysis of the CARS items identified that the scale had five main factors,which explained 73.00%of the total variance.The principal component analysis of the ABC items identified that the scale had 19 main factors,of which 5 main factors only explained the 38.9%of the total variance.Condmion Both CARS and ABC have good reliability and validity.

Key words:
Autism;  Scale;  Reliability;  Validity


The ability of the water hyacinth plant to clean industrial effluents of their pollutants was investigated. Effluents from fourteen industries (two of each type) were collected, the pH adjusted to 6.5 to 7.5 and water hyacinth plants were cultured in them for seven days. Results show that the effluents were completely cleaned of their heavy metals contents, which included lead, iron, zinc, chromium, copper and cadmium. Sodium levels were reduced by between 77% and 100% while potassium levels were reduced by between 59% and 100%. The anions and other pollutants were substantially reduced. For example, nitrate levels were reduced by between 50% and 78%, phosphate by between 86% and 96%, phenol by between 37% and 54%, COD by between 25% and 75% and conductivity by between 6% and 43%. The plant's ability to remove metals appears to be greater than for non metallic pollutants. The plant's [Angela Hi1] ability to remove nitrates from water is critical due to its potential as a major contribution towards controlling nitrate pollution of drinking water, which is currently a source of major social concern. KeywordsPollution Control; Water Hyacinth; Industrial Effluents; Pollutants; Nitrate


Objective To investigate the effects of sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed(SP) and its iron(III) complex(SPIC) on oxidative stressed THP-1 cells.Methods The main components in SP and SPIC were comparatively investigated by chemical analysis,based on which the dissolution of Fe(III) ion from SPIC was detected by spectrophotometric method.The hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of SP and SPIC was observed and compared with the help of ESR spin trapping technique in vitro,so did the respiratory burst on the THP-1 cells.The viability of normal cell and oxidative stressed cell was also compared between the two compounds using MTT method.Results The main composition changed greatly after ferric ion was chelated to SP as SPIC,mainly due to that ferric ion was increased markedly while sulfate and protein contents decreased significantly,but total polysaccharide changed slightly.Ferric ions in SPIC could be all dissolved in 4 h.ESR spectra showed that both SP and SPIC had effect on scavenging hydroxyl radicals,closely dose-dependent.In comparison with SP,SPIC could promote the viability of oxidative stressed cells better at the same concentration.Conclusion In comparison to SP,SPIC has effectively protective effects on oxidative stressed cell,which is closely concentration dependent.


MEDICAL education has altered extensively in the fifty years from 1900 to 1950. This is partly because of the rapidity and extent of change in medicine itself and in general science, partly because of changes in the social and economic background of medicine and partly because of changes in the general field of education. It is necessary to impose certain limitations on a discussion of this length; what is written here will be restricted to the history of medical education in this country during the period under discussion. Except for incidental reference, it will be necessary to ignore the great . . .


In recent years,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) studies have led to a deeper understanding of major depressive disorder(MDD) in adult.In contrast,our current study of adolescent MDD is very limited.This article reviews the advanced applications of the current fMRI in adolescent MDD.


The Morinda citrifolia linn, is an example of a medicinal plant widely used by the population. Our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Noni on the experimental lung cancer. To this purpose, 40 male Balb/c mice were divided into two groups: 20 animals in the control group and 20 in the Noni group, all of which were induced to lung carcinogenesis with intraperitoneal urethane. For the experiment, the animals were offered 250 ml of 50% Noni juice until the treatment was completed after 90 days. The animals of the control group were responsible for the largest number of histological alterations. It was observed that 68% of the animals in the control group presented some histological alteration classified in: 9 (69,2%) of the animals presented pneumonia, 1 (14,28%) presented pulmonary nodule, while in the Noni group, the prevalence of pulmonary nodules represented 100% of the animals with histological changes. When comparing the study groups, statistical differences were identified in the variables "pneumonia" and "presence of pulmonary nodule", representing p=0.030 and p=0.048, respectively. The concentrated juice of Morinda citrifolia linn can act as a lung cancer promoter, emphasizing its function in cell proliferation, antibiotic and antiinflammatory action.


The main aim of this paper is to point out the specifics of teachers' work in teaching the subject Nature and Society, using different forms of teaching, learning and assessment, which ensure equal access to education for all children in accordance with developmental and personal educational affinities, and age. The paper focuses on a teachers' need for education, expertise, knowledge and the skills necessary for inclusive teaching of the subject Nature and Society in regular classes with students with disabilities. The importance of the teachers' role in the teaching process with students with disabilities has been emphasized, in relation to their integration and inclusion into normal life. The success of an education system is reflected in attracting, and choosing the right candidates, capable people for work in the classroom, which contributes to greater and better student achievement.