Analysis of the lexemes telo and put arrives to the conclusion that the original iconicity of the lexeme telo "body" (<*tel- "a flat surface, a plank") represents the formation of the amorphous, unformed substance under a pressure, compressing, or division (a cutting off or separation) and refers to the earth or tree as a form of matter. Put/plot (<ie. *pelH- "to cover, skin") implies the subjective sensations of the body gathered through
 its own sensitive interface, in which arises the sensitive desire which
 along with another body initiates a new, alive and sensitive body. The
 metaphors of the body function like the metaphors of the interrelation
 between parts and the whole – the human body on a symbolic plane represents
 a part of the social and cosmic organism so that the metamorphosis of the
 bodily into the related and social as well as of the bodily, related, and
 social into the cosmic level is apparent in many ways, from the notion of people as an enlarged family, through the concept of the religious community which establishes itself through eating of the body and drinking of the divine blood, and the mythic accounts of the creation of the cosmos by way of the dismemberment of the divine body, or by way of elemental catastrophes caused by the waywardness of single individuals.


After the war in Kosovo in 1999 there was much confusion over property ownerships. This essay examines the importance of increased property rights for economic development in the region since then. The link in focus is that between the decisions over property disputes after 1999 and the access to bank credit.
Because of the short time frame, no data can with accuracy reveal the connection between the juridical efforts to solve the property rights situation in Kosovo and bank lending. In addition therefore, other macroeconomical data are used to analyze the effects of other factors on lending. Showing a significant causality is difficult without field studies or larger amounts of data. In this essay, signs of a connection between property rights and bank lending are however observed, where the influence of other factors can be deemed excluded. The connection is attributed to the increased access to credit when bank customers can use their legally owned property as collateral security.
When looking at the broader macroeconomical landscape, there are strong indications that credit rationing has been prevalent on the credit market. The interplay between property rights and credit access and how it relates to credit rationing is explained as well.
The attention of economists is increasingly turning to the role of well functioning institutions. This essay provides a method by which to study a phenomenon like property rights, even as access to and reliance on the data is severely limited. No previous study found can be closely related to this analysis. There are quantitative examinations of legal ownership in relation to access to credit, but not in any context similar to that of Kosovo.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp in horses used by communities of informal waste collectors who use horse-drawn cartsin Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul. Additionally, interviews were conducted with owners to assess the characteristics of the horses, their environment, and work. Serological testing for Leptospira spp. was performed on blood samples collected from 54 horses using the microscopic agglutination test. Results showed that 50.0% of the horses were seropositive for Leptospira spp and the most frequent serogroup was LeptospiraCanicola (88. 8%), followed by Leptospira Pyrogenes (11.1%), Leptospira Bataviae (7.4%), Leptospira Hebdomadis (7.4%), Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae (3.7%), Leptospira Australis (3.7%), Leptospira Pomona (3.7%) and Leptospira Copenhageni (3.7%). There were no statistically significant associations between seropositivity for Leptospira spp and age, gender, body score, water source, type of food storage, cohabitation with dogs, rodent infestation, residential flooding, and waste removal services. The prevalence of the Canicola serogroup, as well as a large number of dogs in close relationship with thehorses and the waste collectors, draws attention to the potential of these animals to become a source of Leptospira spp. infection in humans and other animals.


Diseases incited by soilborne fungi are responsible for reducing the yield and cause significant impact to almost all crops. Among then, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 is considered the most important in the cotton, common bean and soybean crops in Brazil. The use of diagrammatic scale or rating scales, as a tool to help in the quantification of the severity of a particular disease, is more common for foliar diseases. Considering the lack of a standardized, illustrated and easy-to-apply methodology for assessing the severity of R. solani lesions in cotton, soybean and common bean seedlings, a simple and precise rating scale was developed with the objective to fill this gap. The proposed scale shows four levels of disease severity, with the descriptions and illustrations for each type of lesion observed in the cotton, soybean and common bean seedlings. This developed scale was validated in many experiments and proved to be adequate for severity assessments of R. solani lesions on cotton, soybean and common bean seedlings.


Background: In the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), nintedanib and pirfenidone, with their different mechanisms of action, lead to a reduction in the rate of progression of the fibrosis process measured by the reduction of functional decline, and, in particular, the decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and of the diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). The objective of this study was to analyze real-life adherence, persistence and efficacy in the use of pirfenidone and nintedanib in the treatment of IPF. Methods: A non-interventional multicenter retrospective observational pharmacological study in real-life treat-ment at 1 and 2 years was conducted. Furthermore, we analyzed the levels of FVC and DLCO at 6 and 12 months, respectively, from the start of treatment. Results: We identified 144 patients in the period between January 2013 and April 2019. From the point of view of adherence, there is no difference between the two drugs, even though patients who used pirfenidone had increasingly higher values: 0.90 vs 0.89, in the first year, and 0.91 vs 0.84, in the second year. In the first year of treatment, the percentage of persistent patients was 67% and 76%, while in the second year, it dropped to 47% and 53% for pirfenidone and nintedanib, respectively. Conclusion: The stratification of the adherence values as a function of the response to treatment in terms of FVC at 12 months for both study drugs showed that patients with optimal response scored adherence of more than 90%.


The popular culture is a dynamic concept. An period has its own pop culture. In this age of globalization, the expansion of the pop culture is picking up its speed. The pop culture is also a value and contains the content of human rights. Only by revealing its internal meaning and the features of human rights can we understand the causes of its constant expansion and give analysis and evaluation to different kinds and contents of the popular culture.


The purpose of this paper is to present a combinatorial planner for autonomous systems. The approach is demonstrated on the so-called subtour problem, a variant of the classical traveling salesman problem (TSP): given a set of 𝑛 possible goals/targets, the optimal strategy is sought that connects 𝑘≤𝑛 goals. The proposed solution method is a Genetic Algorithm coupled with a heuristic local search. To validate the approach, the method has been benchmarked against TSPs and subtour problems with known optimal solutions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the success of the approach.


To investigate phosphine to borane through-space charge transfer and its utility in anion sensing and the formation of metal complexes, a phosphine–borane Lewis pair (1) connected by a U-shaped linker has been synthesized. 1 could be readily converted to a phosphonium salt (2) and two 2:1 complexes with Au(I) (1-Au) and Pt(II) (1-Pt). The photophysical properties of the new compounds were examined and compared. Compound 1 displayed an intense P → B CT transition and a bright solvent-dependent dual emission that is switchable by fluoride ions. 2 and 1-Pt showed a turn-off and a turn-on fluorescent response, respectively, toward fluoride ions. The binding constant of 2 with F– was found to be 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of 1. The mechanism that is responsible for the distinct fluorescence response of 1, 2, and 1-Pt toward fluoride ions is proposed.


Background: The risk of recurrence after nephrectomy for primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is estimated in daily practice solely based on clinical criteria. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of common somatic mutations with respect to tumor aggressiveness and outcomes of ccRCC patients after definitive treatment. Methods: Primary tumors from 37 patients with ccRCC who underwent radical nephrectomy were analyzed for presence of somatic mutations using a 15-gene targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Associations to histopathologic characteristics and outcomes were investigated in the study cohort (n=37) and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC cohort (n=451). Results: VHL was the most frequently mutated gene (51%), followed by PBRM1 (27%), BAP1 (13%), SETD2 (13%), KDM5C (5%), ATM (5%), MTOR (5%), and PTEN (3%). One-third of patients did not have any somatic mutations within the 15-gene panel. The vast majority of tumors harboring no mutations at all or VHL-only mutations (51%) were more frequently of smaller size (pT1-2) and earlier stage (I/II), whereas presence of any other gene mutations in various combinations with or without VHL was enriched in larger (pT3) and higher stage tumors (III) (p=0.02). No recurrences were noted in patients with unmutated tumors or VHL-only mutations as opposed to three relapses in patients with non-VHL somatic mutations (p=0.06). Presence of somatic mutations in PBRM1, BAP1, SETD2, KDM5C, ATM, MTOR, or PTEN genes in 451 TCGA ccRCC patients was associated with a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with unaltered tumors (q=0.01). Conclusions: Preliminary findings from this ongoing study support the prognostic value of non-VHL mutations including PBRM1, BAP1, SETD2, KDM5C, ATM, MTOR, and PTEN in primary ccRCC tumors as surrogates of earlier recurrence and potential selection for adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition.


Upper-Jurassic geschiebe-corals (Thamnasteria concinna) from a gravel-/sandpit at Freden/Leine are described. They are slightly bored by bivalves (Gastrochaenolites) and worms (Trypanites). Some oysters (Nanogyra Inana) encrusted the surface. The corals growed as massiv head-like (bulbous) colonies with "multicolumnar growth form" and ragged outlines. Similar shaped colonies are reported from Easteuropean Upper Jurassic (Pommerania), but are never reported for NW-Germany. Beds in which the coral-geschiebe were found Drenthe stage in age contain a high content of local geschiebe-material. The low degree of abrasion of the coral-geschiebe in dicates short glacial transportation. It is possible, that the geschiebe originate from the Heersumer Schichten from Selter to Thüster Berg.


This paper aimed at the influences of two water absorbents on survival rate and growth of Platycladus orientalis under different watering treatments in this area.The results showed that in the early stage of plantation,the survival rate of individual trees with water absorbent treatment at the end of the first year was more than 90%,a little different from the control treatment that had double watering.In the next spring,soil moisture with water absorbent treatment increased by 84.7~119.4 g·kg~(-1),which is reflected by 7.78%~25.56% of reduction of survival rate of control treatments compared to water absorbent treatments,it is obvious that the cost on watering and replanting was reduced markedly.In addition,the increment of individual trees increased significantly.The impacts of different water absorbents and their dosages on growth,however,was not significant.


For the first time different brominating species (Br 3 - vs Br 2 ) have been shown to react with chiral alkenes generating resolved stereogenic carbon centers of opposite configuration using the same chiral auxiliary


A 49-year-old man with advanced motor neurone disease was admitted for initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for established daytime hypercapnia and symptoms of nocturnal hypoventilation. …


In their study of the densest jammed configurations for theater models, Krapivsky and Luck observe that two classes of permutations have the same cardinalities and ask for a bijection between them. In this note we show that the Foata correspondence provides the desired bijection.


The only book available to cover the Tesla coil in so much detail

The Ultimate Tesla Coil Design and Construction Guide is a one-stop reference covering the theory, design tools, and techniques necessary to create the Tesla coil using modern materials.This unique resource utilizes Excel spreadsheets to perform calculations and SPICE simulation models on the companion website to enhance understanding of coil performance and operating theory.
Table of contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to Coiling
Chapter 2: Designing a Spark Gap Tesla Coil
Chapter 3: Resonance
Chapter 4. Inductors and Air Core Transformers
Chapter 5. Capacitors
Chapter 6. Spark Gaps
Chapter 7. Control, Monitoring, and Interconnectors
Chapter 8. Using Computer Simulation to Verify Coil Design
Chapter 9. Coil Construction
Chapter 10. Engineering Aids
Appendix A: Bio of Nikola Tesla
Appendix B: Index of Worksheets
Appendix C: Metric Prefixes, Measurement Standards & Symbols


: Based on the theory of physical structure generation, through the investigation and analysis of the unique quantifiers of Yingkou dialect, the formation mechanism of Yingkou dialect is summarized.


Low-carbon agriculture demonstrated mild economy in the development of agriculture in which it different from ecotype agriculture, environmental agriculture and circulatory agriculture. Low-carbon agriculture is energy saving technology, solid carbon technology and it is also the reproducible agriculture recommended in the agriculture field in order to maintain the global environment safety and improves global climate. Low energy, low releasing, low pollute are the characteristics for the Low-carbon agriculture .It is new type agriculture with multi-functions such as: agriculture industry, safe security, climate adjustment, environment restraint and countryside finance. Development of low-carbon agriculture is an urgent need and great potential and promising. Low energy, low releasing, low pollute and high capability ,high efficiency, high profitability(three low or high) is the base for the Low-carbon agriculture develop mode .To finally increasing the farmer income and To improve agriculture efficiency and advance economy we have to defined the direction with Low-carbon ,use energy saving and solid carbon development as tool .


The microstructure and characteristic of hot-dipped Zn-Al-Mg coating steel strip were investigated.By SEM and EDX,the surface and cross sectional microstructure of Zn-Al-Mg coating and the chemical competition and the morphology of alloy layer were analyzed.GD-OES was used to analyze elements distribution in the depth direction of coating.EPMA was used to analyze the elements distribution in coating.X-ray diffraction instrument was used to study the phases composition of coating.It is proved that the composition elements distribution is uneven in the depth direction in coating,and magnesium is enriched in coating surface.Coating structure takes on multiphase commix,MgZn2 and pure Zinc binary eutectic are the main phase and at the same time there are some zinc-rich nubby phase and a filmy alloy layer.


This paper presented a full use of spatial image correlation to achieve efficient fast image segmentation method.First of all,it used mean shift image segmentation algorithm to formate an excessive segmentation,so that it made these areas to maintain the desired edge and spatial correlation part.Then,it used the graph structure of the region adjacency graph instead of segmentation.Like K-means algorithm,iterative belief propagation algorithm had the advantages of fast convergence was used to minimize the cost function,integrate over segmentation and obtain the final segmentation result.Based on the segmentation of the region rather than the image pixel,image clustering segmentation method could reduce the noise sensitivity,while improving the quality of image segmentation.Comparing with FCM and MRF algorithm,the new algorithm in entropy evaluation standard especially complex scene images shows a better performance.


Aim: To observe level changes of apoptotic proteins in hippocampus of rats at various time-points after seizure, and to explore the protective effects of minocycline on neuronal injuries induced by epilepsy. Methods: The model of seizure rats was established by injecting kainic acid (KA) to intra-amygdaloid by stereotactic apparatus. Then the rats were randomly divided into minocycline-treated group (MT group) and non-minocycline treated group (KA group). Rats in control group (SC group) accepted intra-amygdaloid injection of saline instead of KA. Bcl- 2, Bcl-xl and caspase-3 (33 000)/caspase-3 cleaved product (17 000) in hippocampus were detected at various time- points. Results: In MT group the level of caspase-3 cleaved fragments was down regulated, associated with up- regulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. The up-regulation of Bcl-2 was observed as early as 2 hours after seizures ceased, peak level reached at 24 hours, and lasted to 72 hours. Conversely, Bcl-xl was not up regulated obviously; difference can only be observed between MT group and normal control group at 48h after seizure. Conclusion: Minocycline can reduce cleavage of caspase-3 and inhibit activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway after acute injury induced by seizure. This effect is contributed to up-regulation of Bcl-2. Anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 is possibly therapeutic target in treatment of brain injury associated with seizures.


Red-bean (Vigna angularia Wild) is very important in human life as source of vegetable protein and can be consumed in various processed products. In Indonesia, there are a lot of industrial activities using red-bean as main raw material. Unfortunately, red-bean is still imported to meet this demand. In red-bean farming system, variety is one of key factor to achieve high yield. Therefore, a research was conducted in Lembang Bandung and Cikajang Garut districts, West Java from May to December 2012. The objective was to gain potential line of red-bean with high yield. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with 10 genotypes as treatments and three replications. Results showed that LV 5563 lines reached highest yield of 1,88 – 2,00 t ha-1. On the other hand, lowest yield was reached by LV- 5831 lines with yield of 0.98-1.30 t ha-1, followed by LV 0066-LV6168  lines with 0.37-1.47 t ha-1 and Local Garut with 0.71-1.40 t ha-1. Key words : Vigna angularia, potential lines, yield


titles of books and articles. Thus he felt free to use tales which he had collected over decades of time but which may not have been appropriate for the four books which he had published previously. According to both criteria, the author seems to have been eminently successful, and he may even have created a type of book which other writers would do well to emulate. Professor Dick, with proper acknowledgments and bibliographic notices, used freely many published but still rather inaccessible works. Examples of such are to be seen in the tale of "A Connecticut Yankee in the Santa Fe Trade" which was taken from James Josiah Webb's Adventures in the Santa Fe Trade, 1844-1877. Another is "The Long Drive" which was taken largely from Andy Adams' The Log of a Cowboy and J. Frank Dobie's A Vaquero in the Brush Country. Still another example, taken from various sources, is "The Monarch of the Prairies" which tells about buffalo and buffalo hunting. But perhaps a much greater value in the book lies in its little-known tales, unknown at least to this reviewer. These lively tales have such titles as "The School Teacher Sees the Devil" "Barring Out the


Bureaucratic services tend not to improve their performance and carry out reforms. Service users are often faced with so many problems when they are dealing with bureaucracy. The purpose of this study is to describe the reform of the Public Service Bureaucracy in terms of coordination in One Stop Services (KPTSP) in Takalar Regency. In this study, a qualitative approach was used. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research type. The results showed that hierarchical mechanisms in the form of a structured flow of coordination and power need each other to establish cooperation within organizational units. The market mechanism shows that the change in the bureaucracy from services to revenue to provide income for the region through the collection of fees. Licensing and providing incentives can improve the performance of One-Stop Services, Takalar District has a network mechanism that is interrelated and needs each other, this can be seen from the requirements given by the Service Agency One-Stop Integrated Takalar Regency that asks for recommendations from related Regional Work Units (SKPD).


Background: Yolk sac tumor (YST), which most frequently arises in the gonads as a type of germ cell tumor, is rare in children but is highly malignant. He most common testicular tumor in young children under the age of 3 is yolk sac tumor, and it is also known as infantile embryonal carcinoma. Case Presentation: We present the clinical future YST in an one- year and sevent-months old. In this report, we described testicular of YST in terms of the clinical manifestation, imaging, and histopathology findings, diagnosis and treatment. It has been suggested that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be applied as a feasible tumor marker because its level was elevated in 90% of YST. The treatment generally involves debulking surgery of tumors followed by systemic chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our case report has a good prognosis because good responds with chemotherapy. Although YST is rare in children, pediatric physicians should be aware of this and prompt treatment should be addressed.Keywords: yolk sac tumor, chemotherapy, pediatric


We perform a 2-color pump-probe spectroscopy on femtosecond time scale in the OH-stretching region of methanol oligomers dissolved in CCl 4 at room temperature. Measuring the isotropic component of the probe transmission, we obtain the relaxation time of the OH-stretching mode. It increases from 0,45 ps to 0,6 ps with the pump frequency from 3280 cm -1 to 3400 cm -1 . We also observe a fast spectral relaxation and/or vibrational energy migration with breaking of the oligomers. Recombination then proceeds with a time constant of 9 ps.


Certain substituted urea derivatives selectively modulate the cardiac sarcomere, for example by potentiating cardiac myosin, and are useful in the treatment of systolic heart failure including congestive heart failure.


Your English No. 56 deals with vocabulary for sports and games and helps you describe a perfect vacation. Oral exercises working on the difference between "to play tennis" and "to go swimming" are included.


Abstract Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive diseases marked by mutation of the genes involved in steroidogenesis. There are many types of the disease with 21-hydroxyla...


abstract:Langston Hughes and Aimé Césaire knew each other only slightly but shared a dedication to telling stories of a noble and uplifting black past. They also shared a fascination with the Haitian Revolution and its early-nineteenth-century aftermath. Both wrote plays about the first decades of Haiti's independence: Hughes's Emperor of Haiti (1936) is set during the rise and rule of Jean-Jacques Dessalines; Césaire's The Tragedy of King Christophe (1963) recounts the rule of his successor Henri Christophe. These plays enfold Haiti's story of armed resistance to slavery and oppression into a larger story of a noble African past. But both writers are keenly aware of the dangers of "musealization," the process by which memorials to the past render it, paradoxically, prone to being forgotten and neglected. Significantly, then, these authors tell the story of Haiti's journey from slavery to independence and then to despotism through the comparatively ephemeral mode of drama. In Diana Taylor's terms, Hughes and Césaire bring the narratives of slavery and revolution out of the inert archive and reanimate them through living, ever-evolving performances of the repertoire. Hughes and Césaire thereby strive to endow Dessalines and Christophe, larger-than-life figures from the black past, with the permanence and authority of the archive. But they also leave narratives of slavery and revolt open to what Hortense Spillers calls new "modes of improvisation and rearrangement" – to continual reanimation, reinterpretation, and reinvention.


This paper will examine the issue of debates sounding gender equity in access to higher education specifically focused on female enrolment in university education in Nigeria, with specific attention to northern Nigeria region with one of the universities in the north as a case. While it was clearly stated in the constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria that stipulated equal educational opportunities in respect of gender, currently, there is unequal enrolment between boys and girls in access to universities in the location where the study under was selected and its catchment areas compared with the other parts of the country. To gain an insight into this matter of contention, this case study employed a semi-structured in-depth interview to seek the views of the policymakers' and policy implementers' regarding the issues surrounding this impediment challenge. Furthermore, the paper employed document analyses to review policy documents and statistics of applicants wishing to secure admission into Nigerian universities. This study has shown that there are many problems attributed to this phenomenon including, among others, social upbringing, cultural orientation and social-economic status. In response, the study strongly recommends strategies to encourage female participation including compulsory female education in Nigeria at the basic level to improve their access to university education.


Reactions of [Cu(kinal)2(CH3OH)]∙CH3OH (kinal⎼ stands for anion of quinaldic acid with a deprotonated carboxylic group) with an excess of a secondary ligand with a hydroxyl group have resulted in substitution of labile methanol and coordination of new ligand. Two novel coordination compounds of copper(II) were prepared: [Cu(kinal)2(4-hmpy)2], a complex with 4-hydroxymethylpyridine (4-hmpy), and [Cu(kinal)2(Nmea)], a complex with N-methylethanolamine (Nmea). Their compositions and structures were revealed by means of X-ray structure analysis on a single-crystal.


A method for determining the intrinsic resistance to dislocation emission and glide in atomic models is presented and applied to EAM models of nickel containing a single-ended crack tip. The method is an adaptation of the Peierls approach in which the work done on the glide plane is computed as a function of dislocation position and its derivative is the intrinsic resistance to dislocation motion. The results indicate that there are two parts to the resistance dislocation glide from the crack tip: a distinct barrier to injection of the dislocation from the crack tip and a periodic resistance associated with the lattice. When a hydrogen interstitial is placed on the slip plane near the crack tip the barrier height is reduced but its width is increased.


Partitioning a memory into multiple blocks that can be independently accessed is a widely used technique to reduce its dynamic power. For embedded systems, its benefits can be even pushed further by properly matching the partition to the memory access patterns. When leakage energy comes into play, however, idle memory blocks must be put into a proper low-leakage sleep state to actually save energy when not accessed. In this case, the matching becomes an instance of the power management problem, because moving to and from this sleep state requires additional energy. An effective solution to the problem of the leakage-aware partitioning of a memory into disjoint sub blocks, in particular, target scratchpad memories, which are commonly used in some embedded systems as a replacement for caches. By this approach, it is able to provide an optimal solution to the leakage-aware partitioning problem.


The utility model relates to an oil-gas dual purpose rotary-cup type burner, which is characterized by comprising a housing, a regenerative furnace head, a rotary cup assembly, a spark plug, an oil separating disc and an electric two-stage supercharging blower. The regenerative furnace head is arranged on the upper portion of the housing. The outer wall of the regenerative furnace head is equipped with a plurality of injection holes. The rotary cup assembly is arranged inside the regenerative furnace head. An annular combustion chamber is arranged between the regenerative furnace head and the rotary cup assembly. An oil-jet and a gas-jet nozzle are arranged inside the rotary cup assembly. The oil-jet and the gas-jet nozzle are respectively communicated with an oil supply port and a gas supply port and the oil supply port and the gas supply port are fixed to the housing. The spark plug arranged inside the combustion chamber is fixedly connected with the housing. The oil separating disc is arranged below the rotating shaft of the rotary cup assembly. The electric two-stage supercharging blower arranged at the bottom of the housing is in sealing connection with the housing. According to the utility model, various fuels such as diesel oil, kerosene. Gasoline, mixed oil or natural gas and the like can be burnt by the burner. Meanwhile, fuel molecules are sufficiently mixed so as to realize sufficient combustion and reduce air pollution.


In the past public interest in energy policy has fluctuated with movements in energy prices; when prices were exceptionally high interest peaked. Since 1986, when energy prices fell precipitately, energy policy has attracted much less public attention or scrutiny both internationally and in Ireland. However, the cost of energy to the economy still remains substantial to both the household and the productive sector. As an important input to industry, movements in domestic energy prices can significantly affect Irish competitiveness. The Report of the lndustrial Policy Review Group (1992), among others, has highlighted this issue. In addition, technical change, the growing attention to the environmental consequences of burning fossil fuels, and developments in the EC are posing new
challenges for policy requiring a re-examination of our traditional outlook.


Naturally occurring information-seeking questions often contain questionable assumptions—assumptions that are false or unverifiable. Questions containing questionable assumptions are challenging because they require a distinct answer strategy that deviates from typical answers for information-seeking questions. For instance, the question "When did Marie Curie discover Uranium?" cannot be answered as a typical "when" question without addressing the false assumption "Marie Curie discovered Uranium". In this work, we propose (QA)2 (Question Answering with Questionable Assumptions), an open-domain evaluation dataset consisting of naturally occurring search engine queries that may or may not contain questionable assumptions. To be successful on (QA)2, systems must be able to detect questionable assumptions and also be able to produce adequate responses for both typical information-seeking questions and ones with questionable assumptions. Through human rater acceptability on end-to-end QA with (QA)2, we find that current models do struggle with handling questionable assumptions, leaving substantial headroom for progress.


e-Learning has become a common practice in ed-ucational institutions, giving students more opportunities for remote learning. Learners generally need to spend some time formulating and thinking about their questions related to the learning material. Therefore, in this study, we concentrate on video lectures that individuals can access at their own convenience. We focus on critical thinking, which is defined as the process of critically examining the foundations of an idea or belief. We aim to provide learners with video lectures that aid in the growth and improvement of their critical thinking abilities. In order to do this, we propose an approach for helping and supporting questions generation as well as an approach for presenting relevant slides in the question support task. The findings of a questionnaire are used to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches. We completed evaluations three times utilizing lecture slides from various academic areas to verify the effectiveness of our proposed slide rankings. The findings show that based on the lecture's subject, different lecture slides are recommended for each question. On the other hand, our proposed approach tended to be highly evaluated for questions containing multiple keywords. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed slide rankings are more useful in difficult-to-understand slides.


Background: Sex-specific analysis of small aortic root has not been reported in asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) patients. Methods: We used echocardiographic and outcome data from 1560 patients with asymptomatic initially mild-moderate AS enrolled in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study. A small aortic root was defined as an inner diameter at the aortic sinotubular junction < 1.5cm/m in women and < 1.6cm/m in men. Results: A small aortic root was found in 17.4% patients at baseline and independently associated with higher pulse pressure/stroke volume index and aortic root wall thickness, higher pressure recovery, lower LV mass index and female sex in multivariate logistic regression analysis (all p<0.05). In sex-specific multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusting for the known prognosticators age, hypertension and AS severity and for randomized study treatment, having a small aortic root predicted a 66% higher rate of ischemic cardiovascular events and a 2-fold higher rate of non-h...


Letters, a form of mediated interpersonal communication, provide readers and writers the opportunity to transcend space and time. Letters can also serve as a permanent record of communicated information. The present study compares themes of selected letters written by soldiers from two wars: World War II and Vietnam. Two research questions are posed: What are the themes expressed in soldiers' letters? Is there a difference in themes that relate to the particular war fought? This study analyzed 202 letters written by military personnel from both World War II and the Vietnam War. After content analysis of the 10 most prevalent themes, no significant differences were noted between the themes of either war.


A medium is described which was designed for use in testing the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for anaerobic bacteria by agar dilution. It contains: Trypticase (1%), Gelysate (1%), yeast extract (0.5%), glucose (0.1%), pyruvate (0.1%), arginine (0.1%), NaCl (0.5%), hemin (5 μg/ml), vitamin K1 (0.5 μg/ml), agar (1.5%). The medium does not require the addition of blood to support growth of most clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.


We analyze a time independent integral equation defined on a spatially extended domain which arises in the modelling of neuronal networks. In this paper, the coupling function is oscillatory and the firing rate is a smooth "heaviside-like" function. We will derive an associated fourth order ODE and establish that any bounded solution of the ODE is also a solution of the integral equation. We will then apply shooting arguments to prove that the ODE has N-bump homoclinic orbit solutions for any even-valued N > 0. homoclinic orbit.


This paper aims to investigate melting heat transfer of a non-Newtonian phase change material (PCM) in a cylindrical enclosure-space between two tubes using a deformed mesh method.,Metal foam porous layers support the inner and outer walls of the enclosure. The porous layers and clear space of the enclosure are filled with PCM. The natural convection effects during the phase change are taken into account, and the governing equations for the molten region and solid region of the enclosure are introduced. The governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional form and then solved using finite element method. The results are compared with the literary works and found in good agreement. The non-Newtonian effects on the phase change heat transfer and melting front are studied.,The results show that the increase of non-Newtonian effects (the decrease of the power-law index) enhances the heat melting process in the cavity at the moderate times of phase change heat transfer. The temperature gradients in porous metal foam over the hot wall are small, and hence, the porous layer notably increases the melting rate. When the melting front reaches the cold porous layer, strong non-linear behaviors of the melting front can be observed.,The phase change heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluid in a cylindrical enclosure partially filled with metal foams is addressed for the first time.


The Connected Vehicles program is a multimodal US Department of Transportation (USDOT) initiative that enables safer, smarter, and greener surface transportation using dedicated wireless communication technology. Although significant efforts are being made to bring motor vehicles and transportation infrastructure onto this connected network, bicycles have been largely overlooked. Bringing cyclists onto this network will enable other connected vehicles and infrastructure to be aware of their presence, and allow cyclists to take advantage of the safety and transportation benefits of receiving information from other connected entities. To connect bicycles, we are designing a prototype Multimodal Alerting Interface with Networked Short-Range Transmissions (MAIN-ST). MAIN-ST brings cyclists onto the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks to enable a suite of safe cycling capabilities. This paper describes our progress accomplished over a 6-month period, and documents the feasibility of the MAIN-ST technology approach.


Prediction of vulnerability discovery rates can be used to assess security risks and to determine the resources needed to develop patches quickly to handle vulnerabilities discovered. An examination of the vulnerability data suggests a seasonal behavior that has not been modeled by the recently proposed vulnerability discovery models. This seasonality has not been identified or examined so far. This study examines whether vulnerability discovery rates for Windows NT, IIS Server and the Internet Explorer exhibit a significant annual seasonal pattern. Actual data has been analyzed using seasonal index and auto correlation function approaches to identify seasonality and to evaluate its statistical significance. The results for the three software systems show that there is indeed a significant annual seasonal pattern.


A partially purified cadmium (Cd) binding protein was isolated from roots of maize (Zea mays L.). Proteins were first separated on the anion exchanger QAE-Sephadex A-25. The major Cd fraction, comprising as much as 85% of the buffer-soluble Cd, was then chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 in 1 M KCl buffer. The resulting partially purified protein preparation was dark brown, had an apparent molecular weight of 3100, and bound 2 g atoms Cd/mol. The cysteine content was 40%; the Cd:cysteine ratio was 1:6. The Cd–thiolate chromophore was evident from spectroscopic measurements. The roots produced the metallothioneinlike protein after they were exposed to 3 μM Cd for 4 days.


Objective To advance physician' cognitive level on alcoholic cardiomyopathy(ACM) by nailed down clinic character of it.Methods Clinic data of 75 ACM patients were analyzecd.The clinic characters of symptom, electrocardiogram,chest X-ray and heart ultrasonographic test of ACM were summed up;Difference of outcome of patients were contrasted between controlled drinking group and non-controlled drinking group.Results Patients' main symptoms included palpitation,dyspnea,chest discomtort;ECG test result might be one of any arrhythmia;chest X-ray and heart ultrasonograohic test could detect heart enlarged and ejection,fraction of left ventricle reduced,the heart might be enlarged generally,but left ventricle hypertrophy was more familiar,after controlled drinking the enlarged heart reduced,ejection fiaction of left ventricle increased and heart function ameliorated.Conclusion Sympoms of ACM patient is lack of character,but X-ray and heart ultrasonograplic test could help to define diagnosis for ACM.Severity and outcome of ACM patient could be ameliorated if patient controlled drinking.


It is about modeling three-dimensional(3D)botanical trees based on two-dimensional(2D)sketches of tree crown,which is applied to simulate trees in the nature.The vertexes on 3D tree crown surface can start to be generated from the points on the 2D crown sketch input by a user through a computer mouse,then all needed branches are constructed by the paradigm of backwards growth from the vertexes on the 3D crown surface to the vertexes on the specific branches.To make out corresponding vertexes on the specific branches,any vertex on the 3D crown surface is subject to a certain range of angle and the shortest length of tree branch.This is a fast and effective method for modeling tree structure,which are quite suitable for modeling trees in the large-scale landscape


The article formulates the methodical grounds for preventive monitoring of service and production components of economic agents of aviation industry. The structural-logical scheme for monitoring by quantitative parameters and by consumers' feedback was proposed. The preventive monitoring is a valuable tool to recognize the interaction between government and industry's goals considering sustainable development. The goal of the article is to develop methodological grounds for preventive testing of economic agents of the aviation industry, which will include assessment parameters, assessment scale, role instructions and transparency of results. The preventive tasting of airport operations is based on travelers' experience on: queuing, airport shopping, terminal cleanliness, terminal seating, food beverages, Wi-Fi connectivity, terminal signs, airport staff, sentiment. The preventive testing for airline experience includes: value for money, cabin staff, seat comfort, food comfort, inflight entertainment, ground service, Wi-Fi connectivity, sentiment. The preventive testing for aircraft onboard experience assesses: legroom, seat recline, seat width, aisle space, viewing TV, power supply, seat storage, sentiment. The preventive testing for aircraft manufacturing and maintenance analyses: design, full-cycle manufacturing, warrantee, post-warrantee repair, consolidated designing, manufacturing and maintenance process, leasing, technological modernization, licensing. The article provides the comprehensive system for a preventive monitoring based on customer value, which fixes the key parameters for improvements of the operation of the economic agents of the industry. The conclusion of the research reasons the application of quality assessment based on consumer value created by industry's agents for a preventive monitoring along financial evaluation and bankruptcy probability for the assessment of the sustainable development of the industry. The perspective of the further research may focus on formulating signaling system for government instruments and on detailing the rating scale for the industry's agents, based on benchmarking practice.


The use of high-efficiency LEDs in low-power lighting applications is growing continuously due to new advances in LED features. The lifetime of a low-power fluorescent lamp is around 5000 h. This implies short lamp-replacement times and high maintenance costs. The use of high-efficiency LEDs reduces drastically the maintenance costs due to the long lifetime (>50 000 h). One of the applications where using LED is very interesting is permanent emergency light systems. Generally, these circuits are based on a two-stage design, using two magnetic cores. This paper presents offline power LED driver and battery charger integrated in one magnetic core topology. Besides, the converter allows driving the LEDs in case of a line failure and it complies with the IEC 61000-3-2 Class C Standard.


The semiconductor industry has followed Moore's law for many decades and is currently preparing for high-volume manufacturing of the 7 nm technology node. To further scale down to the 5 nm technology node and below, research centers are constantly testing novel patterning and integration approaches. To enable a number of these new integration approaches, there is a growing need for a well-understood and well-controlled tone reversal technology. Tone reversal consists in inverting the tonality of all structures present on a wafer, e.g., turning a hole pattern into a pillar pattern. Examples of applications that advantageously integrate such tone reversal technology are multiple litho-etch block patterning, the fully self-aligned block concept, and the direct metal etch approach. A critical step in the tone reversal process is to achieve a good wafer planarization, i.e., limited wafer topography. This can be done by chemical mechanical polishing after filling the patterned features that need to be tone inverted. However, a more promising approach is to reduce the topography by using a planarizing spin-coating process to fill the patterns. Material vendors and research groups have done tremendous efforts to understand and improve the quality (uniformity, planarity, etch resistance, etc.) of spin-coating processes. When a spin-coating process is used to fill a given patterned structure, it is known that the degree of planarization is impacted by a set of parameters such as pattern width and density. However, it is not clear yet what the exact functional dependence is. In this work, the authors first present an experimental study of the planarization behavior of spin-coated materials as a function of pattern width, depth, and density. The authors observed a strong dependency of the width and the density of the patterns on the wafer topography post spin-coating, while the depth, within the boundaries of this study, showed no significant impact. The most striking result was the observation of the linear relationship between the pattern density difference between two areas and the relative height difference of those areas after spin-coating. Second, based on these experimental observations, the authors present a model that predicts the remaining wafer topography post spin-coating. The model calculates the topography for a given set of structures, using only one parameter as input. This parameter is a fixed number for a specific spin-coating process and is called the planarization length λ. The authors demonstrate that this model is capable of reproducing and predicting the experimentally measured height profiles on complex patterned structures for different spin-coating processes. These calculations can be done with commercially available electronic design automation software. Therefore, this model can become a powerful tool in mask design, both for applications based on tone reversal, and, in general, for patterning processes that make use of spin-coated materials.The semiconductor industry has followed Moore's law for many decades and is currently preparing for high-volume manufacturing of the 7 nm technology node. To further scale down to the 5 nm technology node and below, research centers are constantly testing novel patterning and integration approaches. To enable a number of these new integration approaches, there is a growing need for a well-understood and well-controlled tone reversal technology. Tone reversal consists in inverting the tonality of all structures present on a wafer, e.g., turning a hole pattern into a pillar pattern. Examples of applications that advantageously integrate such tone reversal technology are multiple litho-etch block patterning, the fully self-aligned block concept, and the direct metal etch approach. A critical step in the tone reversal process is to achieve a good wafer planarization, i.e., limited wafer topography. This can be done by chemical mechanical polishing after filling the patterned features that need to be tone inve...


ABSTRACT Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a non-traditional technology utilized to manufacture parts of complex shapes or machining the materials conventionally difficult to process. It is also applied in the aerospace industry, where Inconel 625, which was the subject of the research in this study based on aDesign of experiment (DoE), is usually machined. In this way, the experiment contained 33 rounds during which the settings of machined parameters were changed systematically. An identical experiment (33 rounds) was performed in which the semi-finished product was rotated by 90° to define the impact of the orientation direction of the cut on the speed of cutting and the quality of the surface and subsurface layers. Subsequently, a complex analysis of the machined surfaces of the individual samples was performed, including both the surface and subsurface layers. Topography was evaluated using a non-contact profilometer, including the creation of a color-filtered 3D surface relief. The subject of further investigation was the analysis of morphology and surface defects including the chemical composition analysis. For a very detailed observation of the distribution of the individual elements in the material, lamella was prepared, which was subsequently studied using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). For the subsurface layer study and its defects, metallographic preparations of all samples, which were observed using both light and electron microscopy, were prepared. On the basis of the analyses performed, the impact of the cutting direction on the cutting speed as well as the machined surface quality was determined.


In this article, the author focuses on Henri Lefebvre's critique of urban functionalism, whose "founding father" is recognized as Le Corbusier. The aim is to explain how Lefebvre studied urban functionalism in order to develop an innovative critique of the Fordist modernity that developed in France following the Second World War. For the French sociologist, investigating urban functionalism thus meant investigating, from the spatial point of view, the way in which the capitalist development of the last century was modernized. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 25 March 2020 Revised 21 November 2020 Accepted 20 October 2021


Considering four-neutrino schemes of type 3+1, we identify four small regions of the neutrino mixing parameter space compatible with all data. Assuming a small mixing between the sterile neutrino and the isolated mass eigenstate we show that large nu_mu->nu_tau and nu_e->nu_tau transitions are predicted in short-baseline experiments and could be observed in the near future in dedicated experiments. We discuss also implications for solar, atmospheric and long-baseline neutrino experiments and we present a formalism that allows to describe in 3+1 schemes atmospheric neutrino oscillations, long-baseline nu_mu disappearance and nu_mu->nu_tau transitions in matter.


SUMMARY Intraplate seismicity has generally poor correlation with surface geological patterns. Except for major extensional features, such as aborted continental rifts, which may act as weak zones, it is usually difficult to find simple geology based models to explain differences in seismic activity in stable continental regions. Seismicity in Brazil is clearly not uniform and a few areas of higher activity have been identified. However, the seismic areas show almost no correlation with the main geological provinces, which is typical of other intraplate settings. A recent uppermantle tomography study in SE and central Brazil, using approximately 8500 P-wave and 2000 PKP-wave arrivals recorded in 59 sites since 1992, has mapped P-wave velocity anomalies from lithospheric depths down to 1300 km. In this region, higher seismic activity occurs preferentially in areas with low P-wave velocities at 150‐250 km depth. The low P-wave velocities are interpreted as shallower asthenosphere. In such areas, a hotter geotherm will reduce the strength of the lithospheric upper mantle causing most of the intraplate forces to be concentrated in the brittle upper crust. The low-velocity anomalies coincide with Late Cretaceous provinces of alkaline intrusions. The proposed ponding of the Trindade plume head beneath lithospheric thin spots is consistent with our tomography results, suggesting that plume effects may have helped to preserve lithosphere/asthenosphere topography. Although other factors are also important, the present data show that stress concentrations resulting from lithosphere/asthenosphere topography should play an important role in explaining the intraplate seismicity in the Brazilian platform.


Implementation is widely recognised as one of the greatest Achilles' Heels for all strategy initiatives. Many organisations have tried to overcome this problem through building the management competencies of their managers. What tends to be absent from the development programmes designed to do this is attention to any higher order or enabling competencies, sometimes referred to as meta‐abilities. Without greater attention to these more fundamental managerial attributes, most management development programmes will lose their strategic impact. A case study is used to illustrate the sort of pitfalls involved and some implications for using management development in this way are suggested. Finally, it is noted that using management development to improve strategy implementation demands a more sophisticated approach than tends to be used currently. However, this will also require organisations to break out of the vicious circle of unsophisticated usage and to challenge their current practices.


This study examines how video chat activity between Japanese students and online Filipino English teachers through Skype in NBLT (network-based language teaching) CALL classrooms improves students' oral communication skills and motivation toward autonomous learning. The subjects were 55 university students who registered for elective Basic Conversation classes and English majors who voluntarily joined this study after class in 2007 and 2008. During classes, they engaged in 25-min video chats eight times; besides, questionnaires, pre-post tests, free comments, interviews, DVD recordings, and PAMELA recordings for Skype were conducted. The results revealed better performances than previous 40 students who engaged in voice chats in 2006. Japanese students, who are typically shy, can speak better in prearranged one-on-one conversations with real-time video images that allow them to view their partners and use nonverbal language. They also realized communicating in English was fun and were highly motivated to speak English fluently in future.


Selector random for sets of 4 elements which is characterized Bicircular that the contour of its outer surface is determined by the shape resulting from intersecting two congruent circles of radius r in perpendicular planes, forming a Hopf link such that each circle containing part the other, the distance between the centers of the circles is equivalent ** ** IMAGE-01, and on whose outer surface are drawn 4 selectable symbols corresponding to each of the array elements.


Praise is a universal social phenomena. Tactful applying it can shorten the distance of communicator,and avoid pragmatic failure. In cross-cultural communication, people from different cultural background usually realize the existance of distinction, due to different value and behavior pattern. In this paper we attempt to discuss that the cultural distinction influences the discourse communication of praise-response from three major parts.


1. Notations and terminology. Our terminology conforms with that of [2]. The inner product of vectors x and y in a Hilbert space 3C is denoted (x, y). An operator in KC is a continuous linear mapping T: SC->3C. The *-algebra of all operators in 3C is denoted L(3C). A complex number i is a proper value for T if there exists a nonzero vector x such that (T-mI)x = 0; such a vector x is a proper vector for T. A complex number ,u is an approximate proper value for T in case there exists a sequence of vectors x. such that IIxnlj = 1 and I TxnuXnII ->0; equivalently, there does not exist a number e >0 such that (T y) * (T -,IJ) 2 sJ. The spectrum of an operator T, denoted s(T), is the set of all complex numbers y such that T-,uI has no inverse. The approximate point spectrum of T, denoted a(T), is the set of all approximate proper values of T. The point spectrum of T, denoted p(T), is the set of all proper values of T. Evidently p(T) Ca(T) Cs(T). If T is normal, s(T) =a(T) (see [2, Theorem 31.2 ]); if T is Hermitian, a(T) contains a (necessarily real) number a such that IaI =| T|I (see [2, Theorem 34.2]), and in particular one has an elementary proof of the fact that the spectrum of T is nonempty.


A novel method to determine the external mass transfer coefficient in catalytic membrane reactors (Slool et al., 1992a, b) was presented in this study. In a catalytically active membrane reactor, in which a very fast reaction occurs, the external transfer coefficient can conveniently be measured by shifting the reaction plane (or zone) towards the membrane interface. Then the transport rate of one of the components is completely determined by its external transport rate. In a continuously operated diffusion cell with a flat membrane, mass transfer coefficients were obtained from the Claus desulphurization reaction as well as the heterogeneous oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum. The results were compared with the determination of the mass transfer coefficient from the sublimation rate of naphthalene. In the absence of a viscous flow through the membrane, it appeared that the Claus reaction was insufficiently fast over the present catalyst to determine the external mass transfer rates of H2S in the ...


The objectives of this exploratory study are to investigate the behavior of the Venture Capital (VC) industry in Egypt, and to test whether there are relationships among the suggested dependent variables. We are studying the domestic VC industry through two dependent variables; i.e. 1) Patent Application Count representing the Innovation level, 2) Domestic Credit to Private Sector representing the private capital funding. Also we examine the international VC through the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). We find positive significant relationship between the FDI and the Net Foreign Assets, the Gross Capital Formation and the Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP), while there is a negative significant relationship with the Broad Money. For the Domestic Credit to Private Sector, we find a positive significant relationship with the Merchandise Exports, the FDI and the Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP), while we find a negative significant relationship with the Gross Savings (% of GDP). For the Patent Applications Count, we find a significant positive relationship with the Domestic Credit to Private Sector, the FDI, the Education Expenditure, the Gross Savings, the Industry Value Added and the Primary Education (Pupils) while negative significant relationship with GDP. We find that FDI is positively and significantly affecting both other dependent variables while both; i.e. FDI and Domestic Credit to Private sector, are positively and significantly affecting the Patent Applications Count.


An aerobic incubation experiment was conducted at room temperature (19 to 23 °C) to determine the influence of rates of application of different plant residues on time courses of N mineralization and immobilization in soils with different textures. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments were factorial combinations of four factors: (1) three rates of plant residue applications (0, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg of plant residue g -1 soil); (2) three soil textures (loamy sand, loam and clay soils); (3) four plant residue types (leucaena, sesbania, faba bean stubble and maize stubble); and (4) six incubation periods (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days). The treated samples were analyzed for extractable mineral N (NH 4 + + NO - 3) to determine mineralization and immobilization of N. From the results, the following conclusions and recommendations were drawn. (1) Application of sesbania residue into soils resulted in N mineralization with the rate that increased with fineness of soil texture but decreased with increasing time of incubation. In the cases of the loam and clay soils, N mineralization increased with increasing rate of residue up to 5.00 mg g -1 soil throughout the incubation period but, in the case of the loamy sand soil, N mineralization increased up to the highest rate after 30 days of incubation (DI). (2) Application of leucaena residue into soils resulted in N immobilization that increased with fineness of soil texture during 0-15 DI. N mineralization, increased with fineness of soil texture and rates of application up to 5.00 mg g -1 soil after 15-30 DI onwards, but decreased with time of incubation. (3) Application of faba bean stubble or maize stubble resulted in N immobilization at the rate that increased with fineness of soil texture. In the loamy sand soil N immobilization was mostly observed throughout 120 DI. In the loam and clay soils, N immobilization that increased with fineness of soil texture occurred during 0-15 DI. After 15-30 DI, N mineralization, at the rate that was independent of the rate of residue application in the case of the loam soil but decrease with increase in the application rate in the case of the clay soil, took place.


Techniques for manufacturing and using arrays of violet-emitting LEDs coated with densely packed luminescent material layers with a device and method embodiments are disclosed. To improve the light emission efficiency of an LED light source, a high-aspect ratio photoresist is used to create cavities that are filled with phosphors. The methods provide devices in which the phosphor covers the sides of an LED die.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Progression of prostate cancer is a complex multistep process that involves molecular alterations in cells of the tumor and microenvironment, however the significance of stromal infiltration in primary prostate cancer is not well defined. Therefore, we performed genomic expression analyses of stromal infiltration markers and sought to determine the prognostic significance thereof in primary prostate cancer. METHODS: Genome-wide expression profiles of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded RP tumor samples were evaluated from a prospective registry cohort (n=5,239) and three retrospective institutional cohorts with long follow-up for metastasis outcome (n=1,135) for a total of 6,374 patients. Additionally we used the TCGA-prostate cohort for validation (N=498). We used the ESTIMATE algorithm of 141 stromal genes to infer stromal infiltration from gene expression data. The association between stromal infiltration expression levels and metastasis-free survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: There was strong correlation between ESTIMATE stromal expression scores and key stromal markers (CAV1, VIM, TAGLN), basal activity, and CD3 and CD4 immune biomarkers (r>0.5 for all). ERG-fusion frequency was consistent across the deciles of stromal scores in the prospective cohort (about 40% for all deciles). The top decile of stromal expression scores was associated with the highest rate of high Decipher genomic risk score (60%), and was enriched with 15% and 20% of high CAPRA-S and Gleason 9-10 disease, respectively. The top decile of stromal expression scores was independently associated with lower metastasis-free survival in three independent cohorts, including TCGA (p<0.05 for all). Furthermore, based on a 24-gene radiation sensitivity signature, tumors with high sensitivity had higher stromal infiltration (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High expression of stromal infiltration markers was associated with high-risk Decipher genomic-risk, high CAPRA-S score, and Gleason 9-10 disease. Furthermore, high expression of stromal infiltration markers was associated with a higher risk of metastases compared to lower expression of stromal infiltration markers. Expression of stromal microenvironment markers appears to be prognostic for prostate cancer outcomes. Future studies will be needed to determine whether genomics of stromal microenvironment should be incorporated into clinical decision-making and management recommendations. Source of Funding: This study was supported by the PCF-ASTRO Career Development Award to End Prostate Cancer


Marie Boas Hall 1984 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press xii + 261 pp price £25 ISBN 0 521 26746 3 Established in 1660, the Royal Society became the institutional centre of English scientific excellence into the 18th century. From the late 18th to the mid-19th century, however, the Society fell into disrepute with practising scientists, appearing to be little more than a gentlemen's dining club.


Examination and evaluation of the current methods of operative treatment for genital prolapsus in young women is made. 70% of the women suffering from this condition contracted it as a result of births. An indirect reason which is thought to lie behind genital prolapsus is ligmental insufficiency of these organs which lead to this condition under the stresses of birth. 2 case studies of individual operations are examined. A wider application of operative intervention which would shorten uterine connective tissues and ligaments is recommended. This method is more physiological than most present methods and is thought to be more effective.(Authors modified)


Some enterprises of the Pearl River Delta had invested in Hunan province, and they played significant roles in Hunan's economic development. However, the contribution to economic growth in general was not obvious in Hunan. According to the quantitative analysis that Hunan undertook an obstacle to the shift of the Pearl River Delta Industry. It could be found: The actual utilization of foreign investment in Hunan, Hunan road length, the balance of rural and urban residents in Hunan, Hunan consumption level and years of commodity market turnover, these five variables are the key barriers that Hunan could not take over the transfer successfully in Internet era. Five variables representing the Government's institutional arrangements for attracting foreign investment, transport infrastructure, subject to cultural constraints on investment entrepreneurial spirit, the regional market factors in Hunan that be decided from the regional market size and level of development. Therefore, to speed up the transfer of industries in Hunan docking the Pearl River Delta, it must be focused on several aspects of the above and then do the reform and innovation.


Permanent marriage became secular in the Civil Code of Iran, but most of provisions concerning marriage clearly followed the shari'ah (Islamic law).The marriage contract is legally concluded by an offer (ijab) and an acceptance compling with the offer (qabul). The payment of mahr is a necessary condition, too.Marriage may be barred on the grounds of number of wives, religion, relationship (consaguinity or affinity), fosterage, and so on.Maintenance includes clothing, food, and home in accordance with the needs of the wife. Only the permanent wife, however, has the right to receive maintenance, And she has the ownership to her own property.As regard to divorce, the Civil Code states that "a husband may divorce his wife at any time he wishes (article 1133). There are two kinds of divorce: ba'in and raj'i.Also, as to the period of waiting marriage, articles 1150-57 of the Civil Code state that a woman must wait for 130 days after divorce or death of her husband before she can remarry.


This paper discusses the evolution of VCSEL links. Impairments and noise (RIN, MPN) of MMF links were studied using simulation and modeling tools. PAM-4 transmission results in OM4 and wideband fiber are presented.


The relationships of the amino-acids arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, oxyglutamic acid and tryptophan to the growth of some strains of Clostridium botulinum were reported in a previous paper.1 The apparent intimate relationship existing between the presence of tryptophan and the growth of the organisms was suggestive and resulted in the development of a hypothesis, the essentials of which were formulated at that time


As a technology colony, South Africa has often had to rely on imported technologies to assist in the monitoring of production floor statistics. T his results in high costs in both procurement and support of such systems. Whilst this is the acc epted norm for larger corporations, it is simply not feasible for the small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME) where usually a manual monitoring system is implemented. These manu al systems have a number of disadvantages such as increased labour costs, a lac k of objectivity and plain incorrect data entries. In aid of the SMMEs the Smartfactory syste m offers a low-cost modular monitoring solution capable of implementation in a step by ste p fashion with little training required in installation, maintenance and upgrades. The Smartfa ctory system can be used in many diverse manufacturing environments. This paper pres ents the background, development and implementation of the system and the experiences ha d with it so-far.


The narrower question is how far this 'model' is appropriate for Russia, especially in an introductory text. The Russian crisis was not caused by pressure from its own 'colonies' (e.g. Poland and Ukraine). It is certainly true that any assessment of Russia in the First World War needs to take into account the strong 'Asiatic' (or Eurasian) dimension. However, it is stretching the argument to suggest, as the author seems to, that the 1916 rebellion in Central Asia was a root cause of the state crisis of the following year (pp. 234–5). But a much larger point is surely that the 'Russian' state had recovered most of its peripheral possessions ('colonies') by the spring of 1921, and it survived as an 'imperial' state (in both an autocratic and a multi-ethnic sense) for another 70 years. So while the scheme presented in the introduction might arguably have a broad relevance to twentieth-century European history, Russia would be the exception rather than the rule. It seems, as a result, unhelpful (or at least confusing) to attempt to look at the Russian experience 'through the lens of decolonization'. A questioning of the overall scheme of the book should not, however, be taken as general criticism. In a short volume the author does efficiently outline the major aspects of the wartime situation and he has raised a number of issues neglected in classic – Soviet and Western – accounts of the Russian experience. He does note important links between the world war and the revolution. The book was intended for 'multiple audiences', and it deserves to be read widely and with interest.


Vector boson measurements at the LHC are an ideal laboratory to study detailed properties of the QCD and electroweak sectors of the Standard Model. These proceedings review several recent measurements of W and Z bosons by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations.


BP Chemicals International is edging toward becoming one of Western Europe's leading polyethylene suppliers. Current plans, if they materialize, will raise the company's combined output capability for making high-density, linear lowdensity, and conventional lowdensity polyethylenes to nearly 1.94 billion lb annually, about on a par with Italy's EniChem, the present leader in Western Europe. The development is the more remarkable considering that it was only within the past eight years that the company became a major factor in polyethylene production, mainly through acquisitions. Until then, BP Chemicals was limited to HDPE made at Grangemouth, Scotland, and part ownership of an LDPE operation in West Germany. "Polyethylene has become one of our three major families of products that we are going to drive for strategically in the future," notes Ray Knowland, managing director of London-based BP Chemicals. The other two are specialties, and acetic acid and its derivatives. BP Chemicals' newest plant is in La...


In a periodical distributed circuit or system, the scattering matrix of the repetitive link may readily serve to determine the Floquet coefficient and the characteristic impedance of the system. The data of the scattering matrix allow instant determination of the propagative and attenuative frequency (energy) bands.


Excerpt Coronary artery disease exists in young people. Glendy, Levine, and White1have reported a series, the youngest patient being 20 years old. Recently French and Dock2reported a group of men 2...


Managing Complex Airplane System Failures through a Structured Assessment of Airplane Capabilities Randall J. Mumaw San Jose State University Foundation Michael Feary NASA Ames Research Center Lars Fucke Diehl Aerospace Michael Stewart San Jose State University Foundation Randy Ritprasert San Jose State University Foundation Alex Popovici San Jose State University Foundation Rohit Deshmukh San Jose State University Foundation


This paper studies gender gaps in multiple learning domains – quantitative skills, vocabulary and reading – for children from the age of 5 to 19 years of age using unique panel data from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam on two cohorts of children with linked test scores and detailed household-based information. In all countries, both for math and receptive vocabulary, we find that there are no gender gaps prior to school entry (5 years); these gaps emerge later, widening particularly between the ages of 12 and 15 years, favouring boys in Ethiopia and India and favouring girls in Vietnam; subsequently, these learning gaps appear to mostly persist until early adulthood. Our analysis, both cross-sectional and over time, pays special attention to issues arising from selective enrolment, from the ordinality of test outcomes, and from the issue of decay in test scores. Finally, we investigate the sources of divergence between 12-15 years using panel-based value-added models with a rich set of covariates including past achievement, child health, time use, parental education and wealth, and the quality of schooling. In our most extensive specifications, we can explain between half and two-thirds of the cross-sectional gender gap in test scores but a substantial unexplained portion remains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive comparable panel-based investigation of this question over a long age range, covering multiple countries and test domains, and with extensive background information to enable an investigation of the sources of observed gaps. ⇤Preliminary draft, for comments only. Please do not cite or circulate without permission of the authors. We thank Sonia Bhalotra, Doug Gollin, Krzystof Karbownik, Diane Schenzenbach and seminar participants at the University of Oxford, the APPAM International Conference (LSE) and Friedrich Alexander University, Nuremberg for helpful comments. This project is based on data from the Young Lives study which is core-funded by UK aid from the Department for International Development and was co-funded from 2010 to 2014 by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


In order to provide full end-to-end IP based service, 3 G P P proposes the concept of an IP based access network. Recently, multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) has begun deployment in the Internet backbone to provide traffic engineering. MPLS is also proposed as a transport option in the access network of next generation wireless networks. One of the critical problems associated with mobile networks is mobility management; thus, it is important to handle mobility management in an MPLS based access network. In this thesis, a domain-based MPLS mobility management scheme for wireless cellular networks, including label switched path setup when the mobile host first powers on and mobile host handoffs, is presented. A medium access control layer assisted packet recovery scheme is proposed to recover packet loss during handoff. In order to reduce the power consumption of the mobile host and signalling load in the access network, a paging server is introduced, which brings in a hierarchical structure in addition to the function of paging. Route optimization is proposed to handle situations when the two communicating parts are in the same domain, thus reducing communication delays and load on the access network. The performance of the MPLS-based mobility management scheme is studied in terms of UDP packet loss and TCP throughput. In addition, the performance of MPLS-based mobility management is compared with three other schemes for IP mobility management, Cellular IP, HAWAII, and Hierarchical Mobile IP.


The problem of finding patterns in financial time series has been tackled by systematic observations, statistical analysis or the use of artificial intelligence techniques. However, the techniques are more on the discovering of patterns in data rather than understanding association relationships between the discovered patterns. As time series patterns often overlap with each other, discovering pattern associations is a challenging problem. To tackle this problem, we propose a method to determine whether or not association relationship exist between price patterns in financial time series. We tested the technique on stock data collected from the Hong Kong stock market in 2008. The results reveal that there is statistical evidence of association relationships between patterns on some of the Hang Seng composite stocks while there is no evidence of such relationship with the Hang Seng Index (HSI). We conclude that the price behavior of the stocks that comprises the HSI is much easier to be understood than of their index.


Many elements are mentioned which are necessary to get a gearbox which fulfil the requirements of a European car manufacturer to get build up in their vehicles. The problems and solutions for different shifting items and misused tests will be illustrated and explained. Overviews over the problems which are occurring if a new transmission will be developed are described. Vehicle tests and their results are mentioned.


The Nernst coefficient Q was measured for n‐type InSb in the temperature range 260° to 340°K and magnetic field range 4 to 12 kG. For indium antimonide the difference between the adiabatic and isothermal Nernst coefficients is negligible. The method of measurement of the true Nernst voltage is similar to that for the Hall effect. In addition to variation with temperature, Q also varies appreciably with magnetic field. The Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity, and Righi‐Leduc temperature difference were also measured. The experimental values of Q show poor correlation with those based on the Lorentz‐Sommerfeld theory.


In this paper,cassava as raw materials,active dry yeast Saccharomyces FY-05 as the starting strain,fermentation process,using different aeration strategies,study cell growth and the impact on the amount of ethanol produced,so the best priority ventilation strategies used in the production of ethanol fermentation.Experimental results are given.


Since the 2010s, a new type of journalism has emerged, especially in North America and Western Europe, called constructive journalism. Its basic idea is to complement classic problem-centered reporting by covering problem-solving approaches that could inspire the recipients. It has been harshly criticized, especially for its alleged proximity to advocacy or activism. To clarify the role orientations of the protagonists of this trend, a survey of all German journalists that call themselves constructive or solution-oriented was conducted (n = 79). The results show that constructive journalists are as diverse in age as the total of all journalists in Germany, but tend to be more women journalists, freelancers, formally higher educated, and politically leaning toward green and left-wing positions. Regarding role orientations, the field of constructive journalism not only represents a new facet of the entire journalistic field but also consists of several nuanced approaches itself: In factor analysis, we found eight role dimensions, of which the most important were the Social Integrator, the Transformation Agent, the Active Watchdog, the Emotional Storyteller, and the Innovation Reporter. In comparison to the average German journalist, the German constructive journalist shows stronger ambitions to control political and business elites, to motivate people to participate, and to contribute to social change. This can be explained as a countermovement not only to a possible negativity bias in the news but also to an increased attitude of detachment in German newsrooms.


The main purpose of the present research was to investigate the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) associations with anger, anxiety and curiosity measured as traits. A sample of 572 students (48.9% men) completed the State Trait Personality Inventory (STPI; Spielberger et al ., 1979) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS; Jenkins et al ., 1979) under neutral conditions. Type As showed, independently of age and social desirability, high levels of trait-anger and trait-curiosity, but not trait-anxiety. The associations with emotional state measures were minimal. The discussion focuses on the relevance of these outcomes to the understanding of the emotional and personality dimensions of the TABP.


We report on the evolution of thermal properties from graphene to graphite as a function of layer thickness and temperature. The onset of the inter-layer compressional elastic constant C33 and the shear elastic constant C44 results in a large difference between the magnitudes and temperature dependencies of the specific heat and in-plane lattice thermal conductivity of bi-layer graphene (BLG) and single-layer graphene. The changes between BLG and few-layer graphene (FLG) decrease with increase in the number of layers. The cross-plane lattice thermal conductivity increases almost linearly with the number of layers in ultra-thin FLG.


Raven is a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) technical and scientific demonstrator which will be used on the Subaru telescope with the IRCS spectrograph. The optical and mechanical designs are finalised and the system is now being integrated in the lab at UVic. Raven features three open-loop wavefront sensors (WFS) patrolling a 3.5' field of regard, one on-axis LGS WFS, two science channels each equipped with a pick-off arm, an 11x11 actuator deformable mirror, a closed-loop WFS for calibration and performance comparison and an image rotator. This paper presents in detail the optical design and its performance, as well as the mechanical design.


Referring to landmarks has been identified to lead to improved navigation instructions. However, a previous corpus study suggests that human "wizards" also choose to refer to street names and generate user-centric instructions. In this paper, we conduct a task-based evaluation of two systems reflecting the wizards' behaviours and compare them against an improved version of previous landmark-based systems, which resorts to user-centric descriptions if the landmark is estimated to be invisible. We use the GRUVE virtual interactive environment for evaluation. We find that the improved system, which takes visibility into account, outperforms the corpus-based wizard strategies, however not significantly. We also show a significant effect of prior user knowledge, which suggests the usefulness of a user modelling approach.


Summary The prion, the transmissible agent that causes spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jako b disease, is believed to be devoid of nucleic acid and to be identical to PrP Sc (prion protein: scrapie form), a modified form of the normal host protein PrP c (prion protein: cellular form) which is encoded by the single copy gene Prnp.The protein only' hypothesis proposes that PrP Sc , when introduced into a normal host, causes the conversion of PrP c into PrP Sc ; it therefore predicts that an animal devoid of PrP c should be resistant to prion diseases. The authors generated homozygous Prnpo/0 ('PrP knockout') mice and showed that, after inoculation with prions, these mice remained free from scrapie for at least two years while wild-type controls all died within six months. There was no propagation of prions in the Prnp0/° animals. Surprisingly, heterozygous Prnp0/+ mice, which express PrP c at about half the normal level, also showed enhanced resistance to scrapie despite high levels of infectious agent and PrP Sc in the brain at an early stage. After introduction of murine PrP transgenes, Prnp°/0 mice became highly susceptible to mouse - but not to hamster - prions, while the insertion of Syrian hamster PrP transgenes rendered the mice susceptible to hamster prions but much less susceptible to mouse prions. These complementation experiments enabled the application of reverse genetics. The authors prepared animals transgenic for genes encoding PrP with amino terminal deletions of various lengths and found that PrP that lacks 48 amino proximal amino acids (which comprise four of the five octa repeats of PrP) is still biologically active.


Word embedding spaces are powerful tools for capturing latent semantic relationships between terms in corpora, and have become widely popular for building state-of-the-art natural language processing algorithms. However, studies have shown that societal biases present in text corpora may be incorporated into the word embedding spaces learned from them. Thus, there is an ethical concern that human-like biases contained in the corpora and their derived embedding spaces might be propagated, or even amplified with the usage of the biased embedding spaces in downstream applications. In an attempt to quantify these biases so that they may be better understood and studied, several bias metrics have been proposed. We explore the statistical properties of these proposed measures in the context of their cited applications as well as their supposed utilities. We find that there are caveats to the simple interpretation of these metrics as proposed. We find that the bias metric proposed by Bolukbasi et al. 2016 is highly sensitive to embedding hyper-parameter selection, and that in many cases, the variance due to the selection of some hyper-parameters is greater than the variance in the metric due to corpus selection, while in fewer cases the bias rankings of corpora vary with hyper-parameter selection. In light of these observations, it may be the case that bias estimates should not be thought to directly measure the properties of the underlying corpus, but rather the properties of the specific embedding spaces in question, particularly in the context of hyper-parameter selections used to generate them. Hence, bias metrics of spaces generated with differing hyper-parameters should be compared only with explicit consideration of the embedding-learning algorithms particular configurations.


Objective To investigate the status quo and characteristics of medical students'job choosing view,to analyze the reasons and to propose countermeasures.Methods Questionnaires on job choosing view concerning job choosing cognition,ideals,method,motivation and values were conducted among 1700 medical students in Shandong University.Data entry and statistics were done by SPSS 17.0.Difference was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.Results Significant differences were showed in sex,whether being the only-child in the family,father's education and family's economic status(P<0.05).Conclusions Medical students'job choosing views are characterized by professional,highly expected,diversified and utilitarian,which is caused by society,school and family.Therefore,much importance should be attached to improving educational environment,making educational objective clear and constructing educational content system.

Key words:
Job choosing view of medical students; Shandong University; Investigation; Analysis


Current times demand, more than ever, for organizational excellence to be updated as a concept and implemented with ambition for addressing many critical societal challenges. Among such challenges, digital transformation forces us to consider new paradigms, such as Quality 4.0 or Excellence 4.0 (Zairi, 2018; Saraiva et al., 2019), with the public sector playing a major potential role in leading the way and driving organizational excellence efforts (Saraiva, 2018). Under this context, from the many international initiatives and results that are taking place across the world (Saraiva, 2016; Saraiva et al., 2019), what deserves recognition is that the events happening in the UAE, under the leadership of its government, is really inspiring and establishes a strong platform of best practices, with strong and impactful results, from many points of view. Among many other programs that have been designed and deployed, in the next paragraphs, I will briefly outline some of the key features related with my analysis and experience with both the Sheikh Khalifa Government Excellence Program (www.skgep.gov. ae/en) and the Abu Dhabi Award for Excellence Program (www.adaep.ae/en). The underlying models and approaches adopted are quite innovative, including a sound, deep and updated view of what quality and excellence mean in the present century and worldwide environment (Sampaio and Saraiva, 2010). Broad and rather complete views are assumed, together with a consistent set of pillars and criteria for assessment, where it becomes quite easy to connect what is being done (capabilities) with the performances being achieved (results). But rather than just relying on a very sound excellence model, in the UAE, we are witnessing improvement that takes place in a consistent and persistent way, through a really ambitious Government Excellence System (www.skgep.gov.ae/en), with a number of interesting features:


[Objective] The research aimed to study niche of arthropod in greenbelt,and provide gist for comprehensive treatment of pests.[Method] Four types of greenbelt were selected according to different management level,land standing and public action in urban greenbelt which species were abundance in Baoding.The date niche breadth and overlap of function groups of arthropod in different urban greenbelt were studied.[Result] In the four urban greenbelt,the time niche of stick suction insect was most wide,the time niche of predatory natural enemy was most wide.The niche overlap of stick suction insect and predacious natural enemy in different urban greenbelt was as follow: Arboretum Military school square Shore Park Jingxiu Park.[Conclusion] The harm days of stick suction insect is most long,predatory natural enemy can follow and control pests in time.The ability of natural enemies to control the pests in Arboretum which is in suburb and better management level are the strongest and can cut down the pests species amount effectively.


Pandemic Economics applies economic theory to the Covid-19 era, exploring the micro and macro dimensions of the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic phases. Using core economic tools such as marginal analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and opportunity cost, this book explores the breadth of economic outcomes from the pandemic. It shows that a tradeoff between public health and economic health led to widespread problems, including virus infections and unemployment. Taking an international and comparative approach, the book shows that because countries implemented different economic policies, interventions, and timelines during the crisis, outcomes varied with respect to the extent of recession, process of recovery, availability of medical equipment, public health, and additional waves of the virus. Pedagogical features are weaved throughout the text, including country case studies, key terms, suggested further reading, and discussion questions for solo or group study. On top of this, the book offers online supplements comprising PowerPoint slides, test questions, extra case studies, and an instructor guide. This textbook will be a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate courses on pandemic economics, macroeconomics, health economics, public policy, and related areas. © 2022 Thomas R. Sadler. All rights reserved.


The crystal structure of ammonioleucite was refined by a Rietveld analysis using X-ray diffraction data of the type specimen. The refinement with a space group I4l/a was converged at Rwp=12.12, Rp=9.39, RF=4.86, RB=7.71, and Re=2.55% with lattice parameters of a=13.2106(6) and c=13.7210(7) A. Ammonioleucite is isostructural with leucite. The (Si, Al)O4 tetrahedra form 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings by sharing their apical oxygen atoms. The crystal structure consists of the three-dimensional framework of the rings of the tetrahedra. Ammonium ions are located in cavities in the framework. The (NH4)+ ions in these cavities are larger than the corresponding K+ ions in leucite, causing the cavities to be enlarged relative to those in leucite. Among the 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedra, only the 8-membered rings have diameters large enough to allow the migration of exchangeable K+, (NH4)+ and Na+ ions.


Tongue restraint may provide additional benefit in mandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy. However, previous methods of tongue restraint are based on applying active force, resulting in a substantial degree of discomfort for most users. This report describes a novel method called Tongue Tamer (TT), which uses the natural passive 'flow' of the tongue to fill the space available to it when relaxed. The TT has been added to the lower plate of patients with an incomplete response to MAS therapy. In a series of 17 cases, the addition of TT has resulted in an additional reduction of -41.8 ± 67.3% (mean ± standard deviation) in apnea-hypopnea Index (AHI) compared to MAS therapy alone and 30% of patients were converted to complete responders (AHI<5 events/h). This novel method of passive restraint of the tongue may be a useful adjunct to MAS therapy.


Dissolved gas analysis(DGA) is the most effective and convenient method in transformer fault diagnosis.Due to the randomness and uncertainty of power transformer fault diagnosis data,a novel specific transformer fault diagnosis method based on Fuzzy Bayesian network is proposed in this paper.It uses in the method that the Bayesian network satisfactory capacity of knowledge representation and strong solving ability to deal with uncertain facts,the Fuzzy set can represent fuzzy knowledge and fuzzy event.First,the segmentation spaces of three ratio methods are processed fuzzily using a membership function,then,the fault type is diagnosed by theory of fuzzy Bayesian networks.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of this method are validated by the result of practical fault diagnosis examples,and a novel method is provided for the diagnosis of the fault transformer.


In the darkest days of the Northern Ireland conflict, when British and Irish officials barely spoke to each other and politicians in the province paraded their enmity to the world as part of their vote-catching appeal, a group of academics, journalists and businesspeople created a parallel universe in which genuine debate was possible. Protected from the noise outside by rules of confidentiality, the British-Irish Association's annual conference in an Oxford or Cambridge college may even have helped to change the political tone in Northern Ireland.

With a new terrorism risk arising from political Islam, many of the factors which distorted debate over Northern Ireland have re-emerged. Government and civil liberties groups often speak past each other, the first declaring we are on the verge of terrorist chaos, the second that we are about to become a police state. What would happen if people on all sides of the argument got


Adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) is important for the management of hormone‐sensitive breast cancer. However, the timeliness for adjuvant HT and the consequences of delayed initiation of treatment have not been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to characterize delays to HT and assess the impact on clinical outcomes. The study cohort consisted of female patients with invasive ductal and/or lobular, hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. Initiation of HT >6 months (180 days) after surgery was defined as delayed. Patients receiving chemotherapy were excluded from the study cohort. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to establish associations between delayed HT and demographic, facility, and clinical factors. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan‐Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate overall survival. Of 179 590 women assessed in the National Cancer Database, 3.2% had a delay in the initiation of adjuvant HT. Positive demographic‐related risk factors were younger age, ethnic minority groups, and multiple comorbidities. Clinical factors significantly associated with delayed initiation of adjuvant HT were high‐grade tumor, larger tumor size, greater lymph node involvement, having an unplanned readmission within 30 days of surgery, and positive final surgical margins. Adjusted survival analysis showed a survival disadvantage of delayed initiation of HT. Risk factors for delayed initiation of HT specific to demographic and clinical characteristics were identified. Delayed initiation of HT was associated with a survival detriment.