Equipment and methods for grouping light emitters and devices including light emitters, is provided. An embodiment of the method, it comprises the step of selecting a portion of the light emitter using a region of color space configured multiple axes to represent each of a plurality of colors as at least two chromaticity coordinates it can. This region is closest to a predetermined point on the multiple axis color space includes a major axis with a first length, and a minor axis with a second length shorter than the first length.


Pattern recognition methods,capable of advanced decision making without a precise description of the pro-cess model,have been used in many cases to implement advanced control systems.Such techniques have been ap-plied to structural identification of nonlinear systems and distributed parameter systems,direct control of systemsoperating in unfamiliar environments,and dynamic modelling,state estimation,optimizing,fault diagnosis,predictive control,self-tuning control,intelligent control and so on.An account of these techniques and their ap-plication to controls is given in this paper.Possible new applications of pattern recognition to process control sys-tems are suggested.


SIR,-In a study involving the ability of bacteria to utilise sugars from several glucosides it became necessary to test for the presence of free sugars. Because of the low solubility of aloin in water and the highly coloured solutions produced it was necessary to use paper chromatographic procedures for this test. The liquid phase consisted of equal parts of pyridine, butanol, ethyl acetate and water. Under these conditions a deposit of aloin became reddish-violet in colour on contact with the liquid phase. Continuous irrigation of the deposit with this liquid system for 3 to 4 hours at 25" resolved the original spot into two, one yellow, the other red-violet. The yellow component had the greater mobility and advanced in a fairly solid front while the red-violet tailed. Hydrolysis of the glycoside had no effect on the chromatogram. It is assumed, therefore, that the colour .is due to the anthraquinone nucleus. Svendsen and Jensen' showed that a red-violet material is produced when aloin is warmed in the air; the test for sugar was positive but that for anthranol or anthraquinone was negative. Jaminet2 uses paper chromatographic procedures to classify aloe resins according to botanical and geographical origin. All the details are not available to us but the investigator indicates that after exposure of aloin to ammonia, spots are formed at RR 0.69 (bright yellow) and 0.56 (intense sky blue). Paris and Duranda use a photometric determination for aloin which is based on an electrophoretic separation. It is known that aloin will form colours under certain conditions but the conditions and colours reported are not those which we have found.


Introduction a discrete autocorrelator DA is a single-layer, symmetric, non-linear, autoassociative, nearest-neighbour pattern encoder that stores binaryybipolar spatial patterns A k = a k 1 the DA learns ooine, asynchronously updates its PEs, operates in discrete time. also called the Hoppeld Associative Memory or Hoppeld Net.


Feature selection is an important preprocessing step in pattern classification and machine learning, and mutual information is widely used to measure relevance between features and decision. However, it is difficult to directly calculate relevance between continuous or fuzzy features using mutual information. In this paper we introduce the fuzzy information entropy and fuzzy mutual information for computing relevance between numerical or fuzzy features and decision. The relationship between fuzzy information entropy and differential entropy is also discussed. Moreover, we combine fuzzy mutual information with "min-Redundancy-Max-Relevance", "Max-Dependency" and "min-Redundancy-Max-Dependency" algorithms. The performance and stability of the proposed algorithms are tested on benchmark data sets. Experimental results show the proposed algorithms are effective and stable.


A contact force between pantograph and contact line is one of the important criteria to evaluate contact performance. Hence, contact force measuring methods were developed. The currently-used measurement methods use built-in sensors on the panhead. However, these sensors affected the dynamic characteristics of the pantograph. In addition, the methods need data transmitting equipment, because built-in sensors are set under a high-voltage condition. To eliminate these drawbacks, the authors have developed a new contact force measuring method which can replace the all built-in sensors with image processing sensors mounted on the rooftop of the train. To verify measurement accuracy of this method, we performed an excitation test of the pantograph. Experimental results show that the measurement method meets the requirements of the EN standard.


The bolt of tower crane was suddenly fractured after operating for one year.By analysis the chemical composition,mechanical properties,microstructure,impurity and pattern of fracture,the analysis shows that the grade of impurity exceeds the application criterion,the finish of the bolt face is not good,heat treated technology is irrationality,dehydrogenization treating could meet the technology require,these lead the bolt broken under the alternate load.At the same time,the relevant improving measures are put forward.


This paper empirically analyzed the influence factors of economic value added of China's listed companies.Factor analysis and multivariate linear regression model were used here.It drew the conclusion that the company's capital structure,profit ability,size,growth ability,management ability,and industry's return on equity had positive influence on EVA.The intangible asset had poor negative relationship with EVA.And the inventory management level had no influence on EVA.The possible reasons were discussed later and some advice was given in order to increase the company's economic value.


In this article, a new motion-aware sampling strategy (MASS) is presented to speed up the measurement of radiation patterns around cylindrical surfaces. Differently from preexisting sampling techniques, the MASS directly chooses positions that reduce the overall travel time of the field antenna, rather than minimizing the total number of samples. The proposed strategy employs a Gaussian process model that is adapted to the field over a cylindrical surface. Moreover, a new acquisition function for Bayesian active learning is developed in order to efficiently search the peaks of the measured field and predict their values. Next, the proposed strategy is tested on the experimental data from a radiation pattern of a comb generator. Finally, the results are compared to standard grid sampling and Bayesian optimization strategies.


Significance In Escherichia coli, most outer membrane (OM) lipoproteins are thought to be soluble proteins that are simply tethered to the inner leaflet of this membrane by lipid moieties attached to the N terminus. Here we show that lipoprotein RcsF (regulator of capsule synthesis) adopts a transmembrane orientation with the lipidated N terminus on the cell surface and the folded C-terminal domain in the periplasm. The short, unstructured, polar linker domain spans the hydrophobic membrane by passing through the lumen of several different OM β-barrel proteins. This remarkable, interlocked structure is formed by the Bam complex, which folds and inserts all β-barrel proteins in the OM, suggesting that this assembly machine translocates the lipid moieties and then folds the β barrel around the RcsF linker. RcsF (regulator of capsule synthesis) is an outer membrane (OM) lipoprotein that functions to sense defects such as changes in LPS. However, LPS is found in the outer leaflet, and RcsF was thought to be tethered to the inner leaflet by its lipidated N terminus, raising the question of how it monitors LPS. We show that RcsF has a transmembrane topology with the lipidated N terminus on the cell surface and the C-terminal signaling domain in the periplasm. Strikingly, the short, unstructured, charged transmembrane domain is threaded through the lumen of β-barrel OM proteins where it is protected from the hydrophobic membrane interior. We present evidence that these unusual complexes, which contain one protein inside another, are formed by the Bam complex that assembles all β-barrel proteins in the OM. The ability of the Bam complex to expose lipoproteins at the cell surface underscores the mechanistic versatility of the β-barrel assembly machine.


If the answer of an XML multi-keywords search is not empty,there would be some specific relationships between these Key words and such relationships can be speculated by SLCA(the smallest lowest common ancestor).This paper proposed an XML Key words query results ranking approach based on these relationships:the approach obtains the SLCAs by the LISA II algorithm,leverages the structures of SLCAs to speculate the interior structural relationships of Key words and to obtain the relationship tree.Then,the importance of each SLCA can be estimated by the strict degree of Key words to the query node in the relationship tree.The SLCAs are ranked according to their importance and the ordered SLCAs are treated as the ranked XML Key words query results.The experimental results demonstrate that the approach presented in this paper has the high precision,and can efficiently meet the user's needs as well.Key words:


This disclosure sets forth a dot matrix printer having an improved ribbon drive. The ribbon drive is provided by two respective stepper motors. When one stepper motor is in a take-up mode, the second is in a feed mode. The process is reversed proximate the end of the tape as it is unwound. A re-generative mode for the feed motor is provided and a resistance bank varies amounts of drag on the ribbon as it is fed from the feed motor spool. Both motors when in the take-up mode are driven by full H bridge drivers and amplifiers controlled by a micro controller through an address and decode input and output latch. In order to provide for a uniform velocity of the print ribbon the angular velocity of the take up motor is controlled by counting the zero cross ings of the feed motor, and then loading it into the micro controller to compare it with a look-up table for purposes of providing a proper speed to the take-up motor and the proper peak drag through the resistance bank to the feed motor. All functions are controlled by the micro controller and firmware logic provided thereto.


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Abstract 889 Background. BCR-ABL mutations are a major mechanism of acquired imatinib (IM) resistance in CML. Consequently, mutation analysis is recommended at milestones indicative of IM failure or suboptimal response (Baccarani JCO 2009: ELN recommendations). These criteria include lack of specified treatment responses up to 18 months of therapy, loss of response at any time, or progression to accelerated phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC). Mutation analysis was performed for patients (pts) enrolled in the TOPS trial (400 mg vs 800 mg of IM) for failure to achieve a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) by 6 months, failure to achieve a major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months, clinical evidence of resistance (including loss of any response and progression to AP/BC) and a significant rise in BCR-ABL. We determined whether the ELN recommendations for mutation screening were appropriate to optimally identify pts who acquired mutations and to limit the number of samples requiring mutation screening. Methods. 462 pts were on study for at least 3 months and were included in the analysis (median 39 months, range 3.7–54). Of the 462 pts, 280 had mutation analysis performed at least once by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and/or direct sequencing. If mutation analysis was performed at a particular timepoint and no mutation was detected, then for the purposes of this analysis it was assumed the patient did not have a mutation at prior timepoints. When a mutation was detected, prior samples were tested to determine when the mutation first emerged. Results. Twenty-six mutations were detected in 20 pts (median 13 months, range 6–36). Multiple mutations were detected in 5/20 pts (25%). The mutations were confirmed at several timepoints in 17/20 pts, whereas mutations in the remaining 3 pts became detectable at the last sample collected before discontinuation. Sixteen of the 20 pts with mutations discontinued treatment. The frequency of mutations for the treatment arms was similar; 400 mg 6/155 (3.9%), 800 mg 14/307 (4.6%). However, the median month of mutation detection was earlier for pts treated on the 800 mg arm compared to the 400 mg arm, 10 versus 27 months, respectively. Pts treated on the 800 mg arm also had a higher frequency of the T315I mutation compared to the 400 mg arm; 6/14 pts (43%) on 800 mg compared to 1/6 pts (17%) on 400mg. In the total patient cohort, mutations were more commonly detected in those with high Sokal score (10/111 pts, 9%) compared to intermediate (6/160 pts, 3.8%) or low (4/191 pts, 2.1%). Furthermore, highly IM-resistant mutations (T315I, Y253H/F, E255V/K, L248V, G250E, F486S; Baccarani JCO 2009) were common in pts with a high or intermediate Sokal score, 9/10 (90%) and 4/6 pts (67%) respectively, compared to 0/4 with low Sokal score. Early indicators of IM failure, as recommended by the ELN, are no complete hematologic response (CHR) by 3 months and >95% Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) at 6 months. No mutations were detected in the total cohort of pts who met these failure criteria and who were tested for mutations (Table). This is consistent with previous studies indicating a low frequency of mutations in pts with primary IM resistance. However, lack of some milestone responses and loss of response were associated with mutations (Table, some pts lost more than 1 type of response). Failure to achieve an MMR by 18 months is an ELN criterion to perform mutation analysis. However, only 5% of pts in this category had a mutation and the majority of these pts also failed to achieve a CCyR. Lack of an MMR by 18 months when CCyR is achieved does not appear to be an indication for mutation analysis. Conclusion. The data suggest that the ELN recommendations for performing mutation analysis that would most frequently detect mutations in IM-treated pts are failure to achieve MCyR/CCyR at 12 months, loss of any response and AP/BC. IM doses of 800 mg were associated with the earlier acquisition of mutations, including those that are highly resistant. Disclosures: Branford:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Ortmann:Novartis: Employment. Duniec:Novartis: Employment. Jin:Novartis: Employment. Woodman:Novartis: Employment. Pane:Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Kim:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Radich:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Hughes:Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Honoraria.


For someone like me who has been interested in this topic for years, this book proves to be a real treasure chest: what you always wanted to know about existential psychotherapy but faded to find anywhere else in such a comprehensive, clear and concise manner. In that sense, this publication provides a missing link. Right fiom the beginning, Mick Cooper makes it clear that, analogous to existential philosophy, existential psychotherapy is 'a rich tapestry of intersecting therapeutic practices' (p. 1). In this respect, it seems consistent of him to have set the title of his book in the plural. The cover, which depicts a colorful patchwork, is, hrthermore, a successful example of complementing the title with an appropriate and thoroughly attractive visual image. In his introduction, the author also reveals that he feels he belongs to both existential and person-centered camps, specifically locating himself 'somewhere between' (and incorporating a post-modern, social-constructionist view). For Mick Cooper, the Person-


In planning my fern garden I had rather ambitious ideas, especially as instead of being under fine old trees in a picturesque woodland valley with an inviting trout brook, this garden was to be in a city yard with a prosaic rubber hose to furnish water. What I wanted was not merely a place where ferns would grow. For several years I had been studying the ferns in the woods, having in mind the eventual construction of this garden, and had learned to appreciate how effectively their beauty is brought out by appropriate surroundings. Therefore I had visions of green trees, and enticing paths bordered by clumps of mountain laurel and pungent sweet-pepper bushes, a place of restful leafy shade shut off as much as possible from all surrounding sights of civilization by a screen of shrubbery. And then, having prepared the setting, I would fill it in with the real gems-the ferns-and perhaps with a few of the choicest wild flowers. SELECTING THE LOCATION.-The place selected for the garden was the southerly half of a rectangular piece of lawn, the whole area being 120 by 90 feet. This was bordered on three sides by good-sized trees-spruce, sugar maple, red maple, several concolor firs, a picturesque clump of canoe birches, a white pine, and an old cherry tree-these trees not only making a very attractive frame for the garden, but also furnishing considerable shade and a first-class wind break. Along the easterly and southerly boundaries of this lawn ran a solid board fence nearly six feet high, which while admittedly not particularly ornamental was of real value in shutting out drying and destructive winds. The whole area sloped gently toward the north, thus insuring good drainage, and the soil was a good sandy loam. 53


Scientific relevance. GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 requires testing laboratories to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of their results. Estimating the uncertainty of analytical methods intended for biologicals is a challenging task that requires time, effort, and a special approach. Measurement uncertainty estimation is of particular interest in the case of measuring loss on drying (LOD) for biologicals, since LOD testing procedures involve analysing measurements of    a physical value, i.e. mass.Aim. This study aimed to estimate the measurement uncertainty of LOD determination in biological medicinal products.Materials and methods. The study examined a powdered active substance intended for a Bifidobacterium product (test sample). The authors conducted the LOD test in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (OFS.1.2.1.0010.15). Statistical processing of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel. To estimate the measurement uncertainty, the authors employed the bottom-up approach or used the standard deviation from testing results.Results. The authors identified the uncertainty components that affected the LOD determination results. When calculated using the bottom-up approach, the expanded uncertainty was 0.34% (coverage factor, k=2; approximate confidence level, 95%). In particular, the largest contributor to the expanded uncertainty was the uncertainty of measuring the mass of weighing bottles containing dried test samples (0.147%), whereas the smallest contributor was the uncertainty of weighing empty bottles (0.003%). When calculated using the standard deviation, the uncertainty of two parallel measurements amounted to 0.32%.Conclusions. Both approaches to calculating LOD measurement uncertainty yield comparable results. According to the uncertainty budget analysis, the uncertainty of measuring the mass of weighing bottles with dried test samples is the major  contributor to  the test result. For  this reason, the conditions of sample preparation should be carefully controlled. The study results confirm that the LOD measurement uncertainty can be calculated using the standard deviation. Testing laboratory teams may benefit from the methods for identifying the factors influencing LOD test results and the methods for calculating the uncertainty of measurement described in this study.


The compatibility,thermal behavior,mechanical properties and barrier performance of the blends of PP/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)(EVOH)containing three kinds of compatibilizers(PP-g-AA,PP-g-ITA and PP-g-MAH)were investigated.Infrared spectra analysis indicated that the improvement of compatibility resulted from the formation of ester bonds and hydrogen bonds between compatibilizers and EVOH.Scanning Electron Microscopy observations showed that the presence of compatibilizers in the PP/EVOH blends reduced the size of the dispersed phase.Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the compatibilizers lowered the crystallization temperature of dispersed EVOH phase,but increased that of PP phase.Compared with the uncompatibilized blends,the tensile strength of the compatibilized blends was increased by 10 MPa,and the oil absorption rate was decreased by 0.8 %.


Determination of creep parameters used in constitutive modelling of cohesive soils. A b s t r a c t. The paper presents methods of determining creep parameters based on uniaxial compression testing. Relevant analyses were carried out on the basis of the time resistance concept. Evaluation of the strain-time one-dimensional behaviour of soil is also described. The aim of this research was to put some light on methods of determination of creep parameters used in various constitutive creep models and to develop the reliable interpretation approach. In this work the values for creep parameters were defined with the help of oedometer tests on reconstituted clay samples from Chmielow.


In this paper, we discuss the relations between the convergence of tail probability series and the existence of some type of the moment for partial sums of interchangeable random variables {Xn : n 1} and positive monotone functions H(x), (?)(x), we obtain a series of sufficient and equivalent results for the complete convergence of partial sums.


A one-component inner function $\Theta$ is an inner function whose level set
$$\Omega_{\Theta}(\varepsilon)=\{z\in \mathbb{D}:|\Theta(z)|<\varepsilon\}$$ is connected for some $\varepsilon\in (0,1)$. We give a sufficient condition for a Blaschke product with zeros in a Stolz domain to be a one-component inner function. Moreover, a sufficient condition is obtained in the case of atomic singular inner functions.
We study also derivatives of one-component inner functions in the Hardy and Bergman spaces. For instance, it is shown that, for $0<p<\infty$, the derivative of a one-component inner function $\Theta$ is a member of the Hardy space $H^p$ if and only if $\Theta''$ belongs to the Bergman space $A_{p-1}^p$, or equivalently $\Theta'\in A_{p-1}^{2p}$.


Abstract : A self-paced, 3-light, 3-lever discrete avoidance behavioral task was initiated to study the behavioral performance effects of a high-neutron, low-gamma radiation pulse exposure (550-650 rads, 5.5:1 n/g ratio). Eight rhesus monkey subjects performed the task for 4 hours (3 1/2 hours postexposure). The subjects were monitored daily for 3 days postexposure. For the exposure day only, five subjects had a decrease in correct responses, seven had increased reaction times, and six experienced productive emesis within 3 1/2 hours, although the performance degradations were not severe. An extrapolation to human performance indicates that time-critical tasks (e.g., aircraft landing on a carrier) could be significantly impaired. (Author)


Results presented in this study indicate that in human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293), the ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS‐R1a) activates the extracellular signal‐related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) via three pathways. One pathway is mediated by the β‐arrestins 1 and 2, and requires entry of the receptor into a multiprotein complex with the β‐arrestins, Src, Raf‐1, and ERK 1/2. A second pathway is Gq/11‐dependent and involves a Ca2+‐dependent PKC (PKCα/β) and Src. A third pathway is Gi‐dependent and involves phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), PKCε, and Src. Our current study reveals that Gi/o‐ and Gq/11‐proteins are crucially involved in the β‐arrestin‐mediated ERK 1/2 activation. These results thus support the view that the β‐arrestins act as both scaffolding proteins and signal transducers in ERK 1/2 activation, as reported for other receptors. The different pathways of ERK 1/2 activation suggest that binding to GHS‐R1a activates ERK 1/2 pools at different locations within the cell, and thus probably with different physiological consequences. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 187–200, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The theory and operating characteristics of a new type of high performance reflective switch is given. It utilizes the cut-off phenomenon in transversely-magnetized ferrites. The insertion loss of the device is 0.4 db and over 60 db within the 8.8 to 9.5 kmc band when the ferrite is demagnetized and magnetized respectively. The reflection coefficient of the switch in the "off" state is more than 90 per cent over this same band. In contrast to most other ferrite devices, it is of the reflective rather than the absorptive type. Furthermore, it has the unique property that its operating bandwidth is determined mainly by the magnitude of the applied field. Possible applications of the device in antenna switching and as a tunable cutoff filter will be discussed.


Background: Lead is an abundantly occurring heavy metal known to be toxic in higher quantities for humans and other animals. Moreover, lead exposure has previously been shown to cause damage to red blood cell. However, a detailed study with a plausible mechanism is still lacking. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is well known for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Thus, we examined the effect of melatonin pre-treatment on lead acetate-induced toxicity in rat RBCs in vivo as well as in vitro and tried to find out the mechanism behind such protection. Main methods: Rats were injected intra-peritoneally with lead acetate (15mg/kg/day) for seven consecutive days in presence/ absence of melatonin (10mg/kg body weight). RBCs isolated from whole blood were haemolysed and was used for measuring changes in biochemical parameters and altered red blood cell morphology. Results & Discussion: Rats injected intra-peritoneally with lead acetate (15mg/kg/day) for seven days exhibited an altered status of lipid peroxidation level, reduced glutathione content, protein carbonyl and oxidized glutathione levels along with inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in RBCs indicating generation of oxidative stress. Data obtained using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry indicate deterioration of RBC morphology along with marked alterations in granularity. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis revealed lead accumulation and reduction in iron and zinc levels along with decreased carbonic anhydrase and met haemoglobin reductase activities in RBCs isolated from lead acetate-treated rats. An increase in osmotic fragility and marked changes in the activities of the glutathione metabolising enzymes, hexokinase, glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase in RBC were also observed following lead acetate treatment. Rats pre-treated with melatonin (10mg/kg body weight) displayed restoration of these altered activities, suggesting its ameliorative action against lead acetate toxicity.  Additionally, in vitro studies indicated that lead acetate-induced alterations of RBC enzyme activities are time and concentration-dependent and when co-incubated with melatonin, these changes were restored. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the potential ability of melatonin to provide protection against lead acetate-induced injury to RBCs through its antioxidant properties in addition to removal of non-competitive inhibition of some of the enzymes.


We present the mains of the new method of modeling and simulation lattice Boltzmann methods for fluid flows. Showing some comparisons between classical computations in fluid mechanics based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations and this method. The two dimensional square lattice model with 9 velocities (d2q9) and a simple relaxation time are presented and applied to simulate a laminar flow over backward facing step. The results obtained are in good agreement with those published in the literature.


Can it work? Will it work? Is it worth it? These three questions constantly face health policy-makers, for whom access to the most relevant and useful evidence is critical.

However, evidence in the clinical care context differs from evidence in the public health and health policy domains. It is often difficult to apply rigid hierarchies of evidence to public health policy. Although randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews are methods of choice when assessing the effectiveness of medications, complex health-care problems pose different challenges.1–3

Evidence providers and health policy-makers from developing countries have insisted that evidence needs to be broader than that based solely on randomized controlled trials. Observational studies, qualitative research and even "experience", "know-how", consensus and "local knowledge" should also be taken into account.

For example, Indonesia tapped into village wisdom to formulate actions and policies to combat avian influenza.4 Locally-generated evidence reformed social health insurance in Mexico5 and Thailand; it also improved primary health care in the United Republic of Tanzania6 and mental health-care policy in Viet Nam.7 In these five examples, findings were interpreted and utilized against a background of global evidence and experience from different settings.

In terms of generating the evidence, policy-makers should be involved from the start in defining the specific policy question and processes for developing the evidence base and interpreting reviews and evidence summaries. Research provides only one type of evidence, and policy decisions are invariably made within the context of other social, political, cultural and economic factors.2 Different policy questions may require different types of evidence.

Arguably, evidence for policy and action in a public health context also requires innovation beyond the health sector. As an example, policies for vaccination strategies in humans can be combined with those for animals to achieve synergies and efficiencies in resource-poor settings.8

Timeliness is another important issue. The reality is that policy-makers are under pressure to implement policies rapidly, often in the absence of relevant evidence on the likely outcomes of their decisions. What is WHO doing to ensure that national research agendas are designed to address this lack of evidence?

Through EVIPNet (Evidence-informed Policy Networks),9 WHO is working to build capacity in countries for linking the producers and users of knowledge. The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research and WHO are promoting more health systems research, including context-specific research that is often most needed for national decision-making.10

Evidence-based public health is an exciting and emerging field. However, it is still in its infancy, is comparatively imprecise and definitely needs more support for its further development. It bravely tries to merge the "science" with the "art" of health policy-making, and takes into account the reality that "scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be ..."11 A realistic view of evidence in health policy-making will serve to move the field forward for the benefit of all. ■


In this work, a novel type of cost-effective bipolar membrane for efficient electrochemical water-splitting has been developed. The bipolar membranes with thin thickness were prepared through a pore-filling concept and showed excellent mechanical properties and water-splitting efficiency under reverse bias conditions. Additionally, an efficient method for the immobilization of metal catalyst on the bipolar membrane junction was investigated to increase the water-splitting efficiency of the membranes.


Abstract: The kilogram will be redefined in 2018 and National Metrology Institutes are working to identify and reduce uncertainties related to its realization and dissemination. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a unique system for disseminating the vacuum-based kilogram realization to air is under development. A magnetic suspension mass comparator (MSMC) is utilized to directly compare a mass in vacuum to a mass in air with sources of uncertainty stemming from the measurement environment, the suspension apparatus, and the measurement facility itself. To accurately characterize this process, gravitational gradients were measured, ambient vibrations of the lab characterized, and the ambient environmental stability examined.


Forty years after the discovery of metallocene catalysts, there are still several aspects that remain unresolved, especially when the "conventional" alkylaluminum activators are not used. Herein, we systematically investigated the synthesis of polyethylene (PE) via three different zirconocene catalysts, with different alkyl substituents, activated via different organoboron compounds. The polymerization behavior, as well as the properties of the materials, were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the highest catalytic activity is shown by bis(cyclopentadienyl)dimethylzirconium activated by trityl tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate. Additionally, it was found that toluene is the optimum solvent for these systems and at these reaction conditions. Moreover, to validate our experimental results, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed on the basis of thermodynamic and kinetic principles. The concentration of ethylene transferred to the solvent phase (toluene) in a liquid–vapor equilibrium (LVE) system was estimated based on Duhem's theorem. Arrhenius expressions for the kinetic rate constants of a proposed kinetic mechanism were estimated by a kinetic model, in which the rate of polymerization was fitted by a least-square optimization procedure and the molecular weight averages by the method of moments. The simulations of the coordination polymerization suggest the presence of two types of active sites, principally at low temperatures, and the reactivation of the deactivated sites via a boron-based activator. However, the effect of the temperature on the reactivation step was not clear; a deeper understanding via designed experiments is required.


The theoretical part of the Bachelor thesis provides a comprehensive definition of a financial analysis and its users, describes the respective methods applied and defines the individual sources of information drawn upon. The practical part includes an in-depth financial analysis carried out by the company for the period of 2006 ? 2010. Among the primary analytical tools used in the thesis are horizontal and vertical analyses and, in particular, ratio indicators. The concluding chapter proposes specific recommendations for improving the company's overall financial situation.


Dispersion analysis is used to study the effects of various factors on charge bulk density and establish the relative importances of size analysis, moisture content, random errors and other random factors, not included. The bulk density data were obtained in the KMK apparatus.


Traffic guide signs are effective only when they are clearly recognized by drivers. Three experiments were conducted in this study. In the first, the influence factors of guide sign recognition were studied. This study investigated 11 main factors with a convenience sample of drivers from Nanjing city in China. Weights of different influence factors were obtained through analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the setting position, occlusion degree, and character size of guide sign had the most significant influence on the guide sign recognition, while other factors were less important. In the second stage, an evaluation model of guide sign recognition was developed based on weights of different factors. Four equations were presented to calculate the comprehensive score of guide sign, and the level of recognition was divided into five grades according to the comprehensive score. At last, a typical case in Nanjing was studied to verify the rationality and reliability of the evaluation model. Results from the real application indicate that the method had good applicability and can be used by traffic engineers.


The ductus deferens smooth muscle tumor cell line (DDT1MF-2) contains receptors for, and is stimulated by, androgens. Cells cultured in the absence of androgens maintain a basal level of androgen receptors. Following incubation with various concentrations of the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) for 1-6 h, the concentration of these receptors increased from 6.0 to 12.2 fmol/@g of DNA, while the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.5 n M for this steroid remained unchanged. The steroid-induced increase in androgen receptor levels was specific for androgens and dependent upon protein synthesis. The mechanism of receptor augmentation was examined by utilization of isotopically dense amino acids to determine rates of receptor appearance and degradation in the presence or absence of [SH]R1881. In the absence of androgens, the half-life of the androgen receptor was 3.1 h, with a rate constant (kD) of 0.22/h. In the presence of 1 n M [SH]R1881, however, the half-life was 6.6 h, with k~ = O.ll/h. The rate constant for receptor synthesis (ks) in the absence or presence of [SH]R1881 was calculated to be 1.35 and 2.23 fmol/pg of DNA/h, respectively. Thus, androgen-induced androgen-receptor augmentation is explained by an increase both in receptor halflife and in rates of receptor synthesis.


Abs tract:The advantages of the properties of GaN over traditional III-V materials are discussed for applications in terahertz (THz) regime. Consequently the GaN-based devices which include electronics and photonics devices are investigated with emphases on the theoretical and practical developments of Quantum Cascade Lasers, Plasma Wave FETs and Negative Differential Resistance diodes. The results demonstrate that GaN is a promising material for THz semiconductor devices with an excellent performance in operating temperature, frequency and output power. It is found that the dislocations in GaN crystal seriously impact on the performance of THz devices. It is also shown that a great progress of MOCVD technique gives the potential in GaN epitaxial growth for THz applications. Finally, our recent jobs in GaN fabrication are revealed to demonstrate the further researches in THz regime.


"The Lower Keys Oncology Center is an exploration of the relationship between chemotherapy wards, patients, and nature. If used in conjunction, these elements generate a powerful change in the way cancer patients recover and undergo chemotherapy treatments. This center is usually referred to as the 'death ward,' due to the smell, lack of interaction with the outside world (nature). This thesis redesigns chemotherapy centers, thus providing patients with increased relaxation and generating an environment that increases the healing process. This is done with the use of natural lighting and creating connections to nature. There is a limit to cure, but no limit to care. When there is no cure, then there is a greater need for care. Health care facilities can cause high anxiety among patients, especially when they lack patient-to-patient and/or patient to family interaction. 'Redesigning the Chemotherapy Center' will focus on these aspects as well as introduce the natural healing effects of nature on the patients."%%%%Keywords: cancer, community, nature, prefabricated, individualization


This study examines the way in which the identity of foreign workers and foreign writers in Germany is negotiated on the basis of language use and literary activity.


Abstract Using two states' longitudinal data, this study tracked long-term English learner (LTEL) students' performance on an annual English language proficiency (ELP) assessment (the ELPA21) from their pre-LTEL period. We followed English learner (EL) students who were initially classified as EL students in Kindergarten or in Grade 1 until they reached Grade 5. We defined LTEL students as EL students who have not achieved English language proficiency after five years of their initial EL classification. We examined LTEL students' overall-, domain-, task-, and item-level performance in the ELPA21 and compared how their performances differed from non-LTEL students. We also identified features of items in the Grades 2 through 5 ELPA21 that were particularly challenging for LTEL students. LTEL students showed significantly lower proficiency and slower development in reading and writing than in listening and speaking domains in Grades 2 through 5, suggesting the need for strengthening elementary EL services and targeting instruction for EL students at risk of becoming LTEL students. In addition, findings suggest variability of task types and item features across grade levels that presented more challenges for LTEL students. The findings have implications for EL policies, programs, and instruction, especially for elementary EL students at risk of becoming LTEL students.


Summary Lithium 8 nuclei ejected from cosmic-ray induced disintegrations have been investigated using the photographic plate method. Earlier work has been confirmed, and the frequency and energy distribution of the Li8 nuclei determined and compared with the predictions of the evaporation theory. Some nuclear reactions involving the production of Li8 have been identified.


This special issue on usability and the user experience focuses on the application of psychometrics to the development and evaluation of standardized usability and user experience questionnaires. The six articles cover advances in the measurement of perceived usability (assessment of the instruments themselves and their application to measuring the perceived usability of mobile applications), attitude toward the Internet, need fulfillment, and the emotional consequences of interaction. Given the benefits of measurement standardization and the new research presented in this issue, the articles should be of interest to human–computer interaction researchers and practitioners.


AbstractCurrently it is not possible to fully assess the risks to human health and wellbeing from contaminant intrusion into drinking water distribution systems due to lack of understanding and acc...


Purpose: To investigate the correlation between tests of visual function and perceived visual ability recorded with a 'quality-of-life' questionnaire for patients with central field loss. Method: 12 females and 7 males (mean age = 53.1 years; Range = 23 - 80 years) with subfoveal neovascular membranes underwent a comprehensive assessment of visual function. Tests included unaided distance vision, high and low contrast distance logMAR visual acuity (VA), Pelli-Robson contrast senstivity (at 1m), near logMAR word VA and text reading speed. All tests were done both monocularly and binocularly. The patients also completed a 28 point questionnaire separated into a 'core' section consisting of general questions about perceived visual function and a 'module' section with specific questions on reading function. Results: Step-wise multiple regression analysis was used to determine which visual function tests were correlated with the patients's perceived visual function and to rank them in order of importance. The visual function test that explains most of the variance in both 'core' score (66%0 and the 'module' score (68%) of the questionnaire is low contrast VA in the better eye (P<0.001 in both cases). Further, the module score also accounts for a significant proportion of the variance (P<0.01) of the distance logMAR VA in both the better and worse eye, and the near logMAR in both the better eye and binocularly. Conclusions: The best predictor of both perceived reading ability and of general perceived visual ability in this study is low contrast logMAR VA. The results highlight that distance VA is not the only relevant measure of visual fucntion in relation to a patients's perceived visual performance and should not be considered a determinant of surgical or management success.


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical radiologic syndrome which is characterized by reversible neurological and radiological findings. It is associated with an abrupt and severe increase in blood pressure, eclampsia, chronic kidney disease with hypertension and using various immunosupressive drugs. Patient with chronic kidney disease could be especially vulnerable to this syndrome because they are frequently exposed to several possible causes as uremia, hypertension, or electrolyte imbalance. We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient having continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.


PSpice is a sort of electrocircuit simulation software that can complete system integration and emulation on the computer. It can replace the function of the panel and oscillograph and entire electro laboratory etc. It analyzes complicated circuit and system. It has widely application in a lot of aspects such as circuit, analog electronics, digital electronics, control theory etc. It is very fit for teaching and scientific research. It is one of the extensive influencing software in EDA category at present. Firstly, its function and characteristic and the working flow of analyzing and designing circuit are introduced.And then, as a concrete example with a lower pass filter, comparing the method of inputting of the text source program and principle chart supported by PSpice.Lastly, the important part of the PSpice software applying in the basic experimental teaching is emphatically analyzed. It is pointed out that emulation experiment and hardware manipulation should be coupled in order to combine the theory with practice.


In order to find some relation between phase synchronization and dynamical topological variation in chaotic systems with many rotational centers,we propose a method of linear amplitude coupling to study the phase synchronization of Lorenz system and Duffing system.First,we convert the original Lorenz system and Duffing system into the dynamics of amplitude and phase.Based on linear amplitude coupling,we calculate the average winding number and Lyapunov exponents.We find that the phase synchronization comes along with the transition of Lyapunov exponents by increasing coupling strength.The results obtained indicate that phase synchronization is definitely related to dynamical topological variation in chaotic systems with many rotational centers.


Background Several prediction models have been proposed to assess the short outcomes and in-hospital mortality among patients with heart failure (HF). Several variables were used in common among those models. We sought to focus on other, yet important risk factors that can predict outcomes. We also sought to stratify patients based on ejection fraction, matching both groups with different risk factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) 2016 database. Results There were totally 116,189 admissions for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Of these, 50.9% were for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group (n = 59,195), and 49.1% were for heart failure with preserved ejection faction (HFpEF) group (n = 56,994). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 2.5% of admissions for ADHF (n = 2,869). When stratified by HF types, admissions for HFrEF had higher mortality rate (2.7%, n = 1,594) in comparison to admissions for HFpEF (2.2%, n = 1,275) (P < 0.001). Significantly associated variables in univariate analyses were age, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atrial fibrillation/flutter, obesity, and chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD), while gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.1). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to stratify HF patients based on ejection fraction and utilizing different predictors and in-hospital mortality. These and other data support the need for future research to utilize these predictors to create more accurate models in the future.


Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have been approved for bladder cancer (BLCA), only a minority of patients respond to these therapies, and there is an urgent need to explore combined therapies. Systematic multi‐omics analysis identified S100A5 as a novel immunosuppressive target for BLCA. The expression of S100A5 in malignant cells inhibited CD8+ T cell recruitment by decreasing pro‐inflammatory chemokine secretion. Furthermore, S100A5 attenuated effector T cell killing of cancer cells by inhibiting CD8+ T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. In addition, S100A5 acted as an oncogene, thereby promoting tumor proliferation and invasion. Targeting S100A5 synergized with the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 treatment by enhancing infiltration and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in vivo. Clinically, there was a spatially exclusive relationship between S100A5+ tumor cells and CD8+ T cells in tissue microarrays. Moreover, S100A5 negatively correlated with immunotherapy efficacy in our real‐world and several public immunotherapy cohorts. In summary, S100A5 shapes a non‐inflamed tumor microenvironment in BLCA by inhibiting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory chemokines and the recruitment and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Targeting S100A5 converts cold tumors into hot tumors, thus enhancing the efficacy of ICB therapy in BLCA.


Abstrac t . The assumption that faint carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds are on the early asymptotic giant branch (E-AGB) stage is verified using the population simulation technique. We suppose that these stars are formed as a result of the mass transfer in close binary systems, while the primary is a carbon star on the AGB stage. The computed luminosity functions for carbon stars in the E-AGB stage for different initial heavy element abundances and different laws of the mass-loss rate are presented. The expected amount of the EAGB carbon stars must be comparable with the amount of carbon stars in the thermal-pulsing (TP-AGB) stage. The position of some faint carbon stars of the Magellanic Clouds on the HR diagram is compared with the theoretical E-AGB and TP-AGB tracks.


Pete Chell explains why it is essential for carers to avoid incorrect moving and handling techniques, unless they are willing to face both the physical and legal consequences.


This article first examines the role reinitiated consultation plays within Congress's statutory framework and concludes that in many ways, reinitiated consultation is the glue that holds the Endangered Species Act's protective scheme together. While the ESA generally prohibits any injury to an endangered species, Congress has authorized the Service to permit such injuries under certain circumstances. But these authorizations must be accompanied by a limit that will trigger...


Insects or algae are considered future solutions to
substitute imported feed proteins like soybean meal (SBM) in animal nutrition.
The objective of this research, as part of the multidisciplinary project
"Sustainability transitions", focused on replacing 50% SBM by partly defatted
larvae meal from black soldier flies (Hermetia
illucens) or the blue-green algae Spirulina
platensis in meat type chicken diets. The current study aimed to evaluate
the effects on body composition, protein quality, apparent precaecal
digestibility (apcD) and parameters of intestinal microbiota. In total, 288
one-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) from a commercial hatchery were
randomly allotted to 48 pens (6 birds per pen) across five diets, which were
fed at a free choice level. The control diet utilized SBM, wheat and corn as
main ingredients, and experimental diets replaced 50% of SBM by the alternative
proteins under study. Amino acid (AA) supplementation of the final diets was
conducted both at a basic level (diets HM, SM; Lys and Met added equal to the
control diet) and an extended level of AA fortification (diets HM+, SM+;
extended supplementation of Lys, Met, Thr, Arg). After finishing the growth
study, 4 individual birds per diet were slaughtered for whole body analyses to
derive nutrient utilization and dietary protein quality parameters.
Additionally, pooled chyme samples from 16 birds per diet (control, HM and SM)
were analyzed to assess apcD and microbial parameters. Diets HM and SM with a
basic level of AA fortification led to significant depressions in nutrient
deposition and dietary protein quality. However, HM+ and SM+ diets with an extended
level of AA supplementation led to significantly improved responses; however
these were still generally not on par with the control diet. The HM+ diet
provided superior CP deposition and dietary protein quality, as compared to the
SM+ diet, but equal to the control diet. Results of gut microbiology yielded no
significant effects due to feeding the alternative protein sources under study.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 : Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Fission yeast as a model organism ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Cell cycle control and nutrition ................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Cell cycle control at the G2/M transition ............................................................ 3 1.2.2 Mei2: the master regulator of meiosis ................................................................ 8 1.2.3 TOR signalling and meiosis ............................................................................... 8 1.2.4 Glucose sensing and meiosis ............................................................................ 10 1.2.5 The effect of thiamine on sexual differentiation .............................................. 10 1.3 Thiamine: vitamin B1 .............................................................................................. 12 1.3.1 Thiamine transport and biosynthesis ................................................................ 13 1.3.2 Genetic regulation by thiamine ......................................................................... 16 1.3.3 The role of Thi1 and Thi5................................................................................. 17 1.4 Zinc finger transcription factors .............................................................................. 17 1.5 Studying protein-protein interactions ...................................................................... 18 1.6 Thesis overview....................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2 : Materials and Methods ................................................................................... 24 2.1 General cell culture techniques ............................................................................... 24 2.2 Strains ...................................................................................................................... 24 2.3 Plasmid construction and cloning ........................................................................... 24 2.3.1 Plasmid vectors ................................................................................................. 26 2.3.2 PCR ................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.3 Plasmid ligation ................................................................................................ 27 2.3.4 Plasmid transformation into E. coli and yeast .................................................. 29 2.3.5 Building the thi1 and thi5 double mutant ......................................................... 29 Microscopy .................................................................................................................... 31 vi 2.4 Total protein extraction ........................................................................................... 31 2.5 SDS-PAGE and western blotting ............................................................................ 32 Chapter 3 : Results ............................................................................................................ 34 3.1 Expression of nmt41/42-promoter driven thi1-YFP, thi1-CFP, thi5-YFP and thi5CFP ............................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Subnuclear localization of Thi1-YFP ...................................................................... 37 3.3 Thi1 localization ...................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Commercially available antibodies detect Thi1-CFP, Thi5-CFP, Thi1-YFP, Thi5YFP, Thi1-His6 and Thi5-His6 proteins ........................................................................ 42 3.5 YFP-, CFP-, and His6-tagged Thi1 and Thi5 proteins are functional and able to rescue the thiamine auxotrophy of the thi1 thi5 double deletion strain ........................ 46 3.6 Building a thi1 thi5 double deletion strain that is both ura and leu ...................... 49 3.6.1 Replacing the ura4 cassette with kanMX6 in the thi1::ura4 ura4-D18 leu1-32 ade6-210 strain .......................................................................................................... 50 3.6.2 The Bioneer thi1 deletion strain does not have the expected thiamine auxotroph phenotype................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 4 : Discussion ...................................................................................................... 56 4.1 Assembling the tool kit to study Thi1 and Thi5 homo and hetero-dimerization .... 56 4.1.1 Nuclear localization of Thi1 and Thi5 .............................................................. 57 4.1.2 Detection of Thi1 and Thi5 by immunoblotting: building the tools necessary for Co-Ip interaction studies ...................................................................................... 58 4.2 Difficulties building a thi1 thi5 double deletion strain ........................................... 58 4.2.1 Building a thi1 thi5 double mutant with the Bioneer strain thi1::kanMX4 ura4D18 leu1-32 ade6-210 ............................................................................................... 59 4.3 Future work and direction ....................................................................................... 60 4.3.1 Co-expression of plasmids for FRET and Co-IP .............................................. 61 4.3.2 Working model of Thi1 and Thi5 homo and heterdimerization ....................... 62 4.3.3 Finding other gene targets regulated by Thi1 and Thi5 .................................... 63 4.3.4 Thiamine inhibition of transcription via Thi5 .................................................. 65 vii 4.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 68 4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................. 68 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................. 70


Aim:  To examine the relationship between individual and regional levels of sekentei and attitudes toward care services in the general Japanese population.


The article argues that the process of forming communicative competence of foreign language students-musicians is approached as an integrated system of continuous foreign language training, in which a student adopts a proactive approach and realizes himself as the subject of cross-cultural, interpersonal and communication activities.


Mohs micrographic surgery is the gold standard treatment for high‐risk non‐melanoma skin cancers. The success of Mohs relies on accurate histopathologic evaluation. Due to law restrictions in some European countries, Mohs surgeons are not permitted to report on histopathology; therefore, a pathologist evaluates the frozen sections.


Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA) occlusion with the Duct-Occlud or Nit-Occlud device. Methods All 68 patients with PDA (less than 4 mm minimum diameter) underwent percutaneous Duct-Occlud or Nit-Occlud coil occlusion in the Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center between April 1997 and December 2001 . The mean age was 5. 5±2.8 years (range, 1.5 to 12 years); mean weight was 13.9±9.8 kg (range, 11.0 to59.0 kg). The mean minimum diameter of the PDA was 1 .63±0.62 mm (range, 0.5-3.8 mm). Standard right and left retrograde heart catheterization were performed and followed by coil occlusion. A 4Fr or 5Fr catheter was used for coil deployment. Results All patients had successful implantation of Duct-Occlud or Nit-Occlud devices. Patients follow-up evaluations were conducted at hospital discharge and after 3, 6 months and 1 year. At the discharge day and 1 year later, all patients showed complete PDA closure by color flow echo Doppler imaging. The hospitalization was only 5 days. At a median follow-up interval of 3. 5 years (1 month to 4. 6 years), there were no hemolysis, coil migration, delayed recanalizalion, thromboembolic episodes, or bacterial endocarditis. Conclusions Because of the specifically designed coil with coincidental geometry of the ductus ar-tcrisus, so transcatheter closure of PDA with the Duct-Occlud device is safe and effective for the closure of small-to-moderate-size patent ductus arteriosus. Utilization of Nit-Occlud is limited, but somewhat useful for large PDAs which is needed to be further investigated.


Savannah, Georgia is an outstanding example of a city with well-preserved building stock and a successful tourist economy, a position that many other communities would like to replicate. The purpose of this research is to preliminarily explore the evidence that links historic preservation with increased tourism expenditure using statistics and data acquired from several sources. Results support the symbiotic relationship between historic preservation and tourist expenditures.


This study regards the synthesis of waste brick geopolymers and the evaluation of their alkali leaching potential. Geopolymers with varied alkali to Al molar ratios were prepared and their alkali leaching potential was measured. In order to improve the efflorescence of the waste brick geopolymers, KOH was used instead of NaOH in the activation solution, Ca cations were incorporated through the partial substitution of the brick powder by ground granulated blast furnace slag or extra Al was introduced in the activation solution. The results showed that the leachability of the products is close related to the alkali content of the activation solution while the use of K ions in the starting mixtures reduced the leachability potential. The same effect was observed in the case of the extra Al ions incorporation. The partial substitution of the wastes bricks by slag showeda slight increase of leachability even though denser materials with enhanced strengths were prepared.


— In recent years, decision fusion techniques have been widely applied in many studies to combine information from different sensor data to achieve higher accuracy in information extraction than that could be achieved by the use of single sensor data alone. So far, most of the decision fusion techniques developed for the remote sensing applications have the drawback of assuming conditional independence between the classification results and integrates only two sensor data. The proposed Multi-sensor Fusion of Correlated Probabilities (MFCP) algorithm is rooted in the Baye's theorem and is the extended version of the Fusion of Correlated Probabilities (FCP) method by accounting for the cross conditional dependence between three multi-sensor information sources. At first, this dependence (or correlation) structure is efficiently formulated from the binary classification results of SVM by considering three sensor data and then finally used as weighting parameters in the proposed novel MFCP based fusion method. The proposed MFCP based fusion method is assessed in the multi-sensor land cover classification over the Beijing area. The data sets used consisted of two optical data sets (i.e., Landsat TM and CBERS) and one multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data set. We evaluated and validated our proposed methodology by comparing it with four existing fusion methods, i.e., Max rule based decision fusion method, Consensus theory based decision fusion method, SVM based decision fusion method and Tau model based decision fusion method. To further validate the effectiveness of the proposed MFCP based fusion method, we performed a significance test for kappa's between different fusion results. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed MFCP based fusion method outperformed all the compared fusion methods that do not take into account the cross conditional dependence between classifications, in terms of overall accuracy, kappa and class wise accuracies.


In the paper the short review of literary data about the development and modern state of the quality control system for medicines in Russia is presented. Also the main problems of the quality of medicines under circulation have been considered.


Dantzig's pivoting rule is one of the most studied pivoting rules for the simplex algorithm. While the simplex algorithm with Dantzig's rule may require an exponential number of pivoting steps on general linear programs, and even on min cost flow problems, Orlin showed that O(mn2 log n) Dantzig's pivoting steps suffice to solve shortest paths problems, where n and m are the number of vertices and edges, respectively, in the graph. Post and Ye recently showed that the simplex algorithm with Dantzig's rule requires only O(m2n3 log2 n) pivoting steps to solve deterministic MDPs with the same discount factor for each edge, and only O(m3n5 log2 n) pivoting steps to solve deterministic MDPs with possibly a distinct discount factor for each edge. We improve Orlin's bound for shortest paths and Post and Ye's bound for deterministic MDPs with the same discount factor by a factor of n to O(mn log n), and O(m2n2 log2 n), respectively. We also improve by a factor of n the bound for deterministic MDPs with varying discounts when all discount factors are sufficiently close to 1. These bounds follow from a new proof technique showing that after a certain number of steps, either many edges are excluded from participating in further policies, or there is a large decrease in the value. We also obtain an Ω(n2) lower bound on the number of Dantzig's pivoting steps required to solve shortest paths problems, even when m = Θ(n). Finally, we describe a reduction from the problem of finding a minimum cost to time ratio cycle to the problem of finding an optimal policy for a discounted deterministic MDP with varying discount factors that tend to 1. This gives a strongly polynomial time algorithm for the problem that does not use Megiddo's parametric search technique.


We report on a study of charge transport through superconductor-insulator-superconductor and normal metal{endash}insulator{endash}superconductor structures (SIS and NIS junctions, respectively) where the insulator is of the Anderson type. Devices which are characterized by a junction resistance larger than 10 k{Omega} show behavior which is typical of Giaever tunnel junctions. In structures having smaller resistance, several peculiar features are observed. In the SIS junctions, Josephson coupling is detected over distances much larger then the typical insulator localization length. In addition, a series of resistance peaks appears at voltages of 2{Delta}/n, where {Delta} is the superconducting gap. The NIS Junctions exhibit a large resistance dip at subgap bias. We discuss possible interpretations of these findings and suggest that they may result from the presence of high transmission channels through the barrier region. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The field experiment entitled Studies on various techniques of soft wood grafting in tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) was conducted during the summer season of year 2012 at fruit research station, Aurangabad. The experiment laid out in spilt plot design with three defoliation treatment viz., D0: defoliation on the day of grafting, D1:4 days prior defoliation and D2:8 days prior defoliation as a main plot, three storage condition of scion sticks viz., P0: open condition or without use of polythene bag, P1: use of 2 x 11" polythene bag and P2: use of 6 x 9" polythene bag as a sub plot. Grafting was done in month of April 2012 from the result of experiment. It can be concluded that among different days tested, 8 days prior defoliation recorded highest growth and survival than 4 days prior defoliation and on the day of grafting respectively from different storage condition for scion sticks P2 shows significantly superior in growth character than P1 and P0, while survival percentage found maximum P0 than P1 and P2.


In view of the multi-UAV cooperative area coverage search problem, the analysis and simplification are carried out. A number of improvement measures are proposed on the basis of the classic genetic algorithm to improve the adaptability of the algorithm and adapt to the engineering application. The "zero-adding method" and the "negative number method" are mainly proposed. These two encoding methods are used to simulate and verify the optimization solution of a typical scene. The simulation results prove that both methods achieve the balance of search optimization accuracy and speed. Among them, the effect of the "negative number method" is slightly better than the "zero-filling method".


Temperatures inside colonies of Coptotermes acinaciformis and C. frenchi in living trees are well above those recorded in neighbouring, uninfested, parts of the tree. Temperature readings in a colony of C. acinaciformis varied from 33 to 38°C, i.e. 13-20 degC above that at the centre of the tree trunk. The winter temperatures are associated with the aggregation of termites in the nursery. The movement of termites in the colony was reflected in changes in the nursery temperature. The nursery temperature of a C. frenchi colony showed little diurnal variation; throughout the year the temperature varied from 27 to 36°C, the highest temperatures being recorded in November when alates were present. The tree insulated the C. frenchi colony against fluctuating air temperature in much the same way as a mound insulates a colony of C. lacteus. Temperature studies of this kind have been useful in assessing the results of insecticide treatments.


Like many other countries, Bangladesh also accepts English language as an international means of communication. As English is not officially recognized as a second language so bilingualism is not really the norm here, rather a consequence of bilingualism is obviously present in various forms of language use as code-switching. One such form is the inflection of English words and phrases in commercial signboards and business naming found in the big metropolitan cities of the country. This visual representation of code-switching, an important and interesting sociolinguistic phenomenon as it is, can be very useful to discover the socio economical perspectives of language contact, and how it is intertwined with the linguistic behaviors of the language users who go through the process. Closely related with this is the symbolic association of power and development with the language in question, namely English. Thus the demonstration of code-switching into English in the commercial signboards simultaneously shades a light on the social strata that shows a lucid tendency to this switching, how they take it as a vehicle to cope with the widening domain of English and how it affects the authenticity of the native language. This paper investigates the cause, pattern and sociolinguistic dynamics of the process. Proceedings of the 12 Asia TEFL and 23 MELTA International Conference 28 – 30 August 2014 107 1.0 INTRODUCTION


We study the role of the meson cloud on the electromagnetic transitions from decuplet ($B'$) to octet ($B$) baryons in terms of the squared four-momentum transfer $q^2$. In the quark model framework, the meson cloud dressing of the quark cores gives important contributions to the $\gamma^\ast N \to \Delta(1232)$ transition form factors. In the present work, we estimate the meson cloud contributions of all decuplet to octet baryon transitions ($\gamma^\ast B \to B'$ or $B' \to \gamma^\ast B$). Models that combine valence quark effects with pion and kaon cloud dressing provide a fair description of the radiative decays of decuplet to octet baryons, namely the $\Sigma^0(1385) \to \gamma \Lambda (1116)$ and $\Sigma^+(1385) \to \gamma \Sigma^+ (1193)$ decays. Previous studies indicated the relevance of the pion cloud effects on the $B^\prime \to \gamma^\ast B$ transition, but also suggested that the kaon cloud contributions may be important in the timelike region. We combine then the contributions of the bare core, estimated by a covariant quark model, with $q^2$-dependent contributions of pion and kaon clouds. We use the framework to calculate the Dalitz decay rates and the Dalitz decay widths of decuplet baryons in octet baryons with di-electrons ($B' \to e^+ e^- B$) or di-muons ($B' \to \mu^+ \mu^- B$). We conclude, based on the magnitude of our results, that most estimates of the $B' \to e^+ e^- B$ Dalitz decay widths may be tested at HADES and PANDA (GSI) in a near future. We discuss also the possibility of measuring the $\Delta (1232) \to \mu^+ \mu^- N$ and $\Sigma^0 (1385) \to \mu^+ \mu^- \Lambda (1116)$ decay widths in some facilities, based on the estimated branching ratios.


The invention discloses a book jamming power-off device for a hardcover dragon. The book jamming power-off device comprises a conveyer belt, wherein a plurality of push rods for pushing books forwards are arranged on the conveyer belt; lateral walls are arranged at two sides of the upper part of the conveyer belt; each lateral wall comprises front and back segments which are hinged with each other; a pressure sensor which is in clearance fit with the lateral walls and controls a power supply of the hardcover dragon to be on and off is arranged on a platform at one side of the conveyer belt; and a reset device is arranged on the pressure sensor. The book jamming power-off device has the advantages and effects that through dual arrangement of the pressure sensor and an infrared sensor, the pressure sensor or the infrared sensor can timely respond when the books are jammed on the conveyer belt; and the power supply is powered off, so that the damage to equipment on the hardcover dragon is avoided.


Background: The risk of hypertension and hence the complications of hypertension might start very early in life and their discovery and modification could help in prevention of these events in future. Objectives: To correlate the level of blood pressure with biophysical profile of the college students. And to associate the level of blood pressure with biophysical profile and selected demographical variables. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried outamong 146 students aged between 17 – 22 years were randomly selected . The study assessed the selected biophysical profile along with blood pressure measurements twice each ten minutes apart was done. RESULTS : The finding showsthat,the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure had significantly  increased with age and there was a correlation  between the age ,BMI, and Waist to Hip ratio with mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 0.05 level. There was a significant association between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the certain demographical variables like age, sleep pattern and fast foods. CONCLUSION  The study points out the need for early screening for blood pressure variation in students and introducing effective lifestyle modifications at an early age to prevent the epidemic of non-communicable diseases in future.


26: Vorlesung |
0:00:00 Starten
0:00:58 Testing is Sampling
0:02:03 Expected Number of Failures
0:04:35 Sampling Reliability
0:07:57 Reliability Models
0:09:21 A Question of Trust
0:16:34 Usage-Based Statistical Testing
0:21:05 Statistical Usage Model
0:25:25 What Can You Do With Usage Models?
0:27:57 Summary: Usage Models for Testing
0:33:55 Conclusion
0:35:06 Topic 15 Introduction to Software Security
0:36:06 Overview on Today´s Lecture
0:41:58 Motivating Headlines
0:44:01 Dimensions of Dependability
0:44:33 Motivation
0:47:09 Goals of Software Security
0:53:24 Why is Software becoming Insecure?
0:56:30 Attack Approaches
0:59:01 Security during Development Lifecycle
1:03:41 How to find Security Requirements
1:07:25 Formulating Security Requirements
1:10:06 Design Phase


Choosing the correct parallel algorithm is often a challenging task. Choosing the optimal algorithm not only for current, but also for future computer systems has traditionally been deemed as impossible. In this paper we present a new model for Evolutionary Performance Prediction that is based on, among others, Amdahl's, Gustafson-Barsis' and Moore's laws. We also show how the variables can be determined both theoretically and experimentally through a number of examples. Finally we conclude the article with a discussion of practical limitations and validity of the proposed model.


Study purpose was to test the factor structure of the Jumpstart School Success Checklist (JSSC) and tests its measurement invariance (factor structure similarity) across male and female samples, based on national Jumpstart data (N = 5,545). Factor analytic results supported conceptualizing the JSSC item-level data in terms of a bifactor model (Gibbons & Hedeker, 1992), where each scale item related to a primary factor (Literacy) in addition to one sub-domain: Language Arts or Social Relationships. A comparison of the equivalence of the JSSC factor structure across sex groups indicated that the scale's factor structure met partial measurement invariance (Bryne, Shavelson, & Muthen, 1989). A follow-up latent means structure analysis reported that females had slightly higher latent means across the factors than males. Study implications pertain to (a) the degree to which the JSSC scores function across sex groups, and (b) how factorial invariance research can be used to examine raters' assessment of students' literacy skill development.


In 1955, Lawrence Cremin wrote of the Cardinal Principles report, "Indeed, it does not seem amiss to argue that most of the important and influential movements in the field since 1918 have simply been footnotes to the classic itself." During the years between the publication of the Cardinal Principles report and Cremin's remark, most of the major proposals for secondary education in the United States endorsed and elaborated the principles and practices outlined by the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education (CRSE); many of these reports explicitly cited the 1918 document. Over the decade following Cremin's remark, additional reports continued this trend. During the 1950s, however, the weight of opinion about the Cardinal Principles report began to shift seismically.


Analysis of a 1.5 m thick sediment sequence from Midge Lake, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, shows that the lake and its catchment have undergone significant changes during the last 4000 years. Radiocarbon dating (AMS), sediment lithology, and microfossil analyses indicate that the lake was deglaciated over 4000 14C years ago. Distinct peaks in accumulation rates of sediment, Pediastrum algae, pollen and spores, as well as changes in the diatom assemblage, suggest significant environmental changes between ca 3200 and 2700 y BP. These changes are interpreted as reflecting a milder and more humid, maritime climate. The increased humidity can explain independent observations of glacier growth during this period. The combined data also indicate that between ca 1500 and 500 y BP the area might have experienced more continental conditions with slightly colder and drier climate than today. Since the 14C dates from the Midge Lake sediments are regarded as reliable and the sediment sequence is rich in tephra layers this sediment sequence will be critical for a forthcoming tephra chronology of the region.


As issues of employee diversity and inclusion are becoming increasingly relevant for organizations, research has begun to focus on the central role played by human resource management (HRM). This p...


This research paper was attempted to determine the human resource management which focused on all issues related to "people" in the organization. They are undoubtedly the most important assets. Therefore the special care must be exercised for managing them. Human resource management is concerned with activities involved in acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of people. These are the important to achieve the organizational goals. The aim of this research was to examine the blue formation in HMIL. The significance of this research intended to help HMIL to know about the employee career prospects & also analyze this factor which influence the organization productivity.100 samples were collected from employees (Middle level employee) of different departments [such as "HR – Recruitment, Industrial & Employee Relation, Training & Development", "Body Shop", "Paint Shop" & "Press"] in HMIL.


Analysis of a plasma amino acid with an external standard solution, comprising the following (1) and (2) :( 1) A component selected from at least one amino acid, each at a concentration of 0.0007M ~ 0.49M; ( 2) (i) at least one amino acid selected from the following B component, each at a concentration of 0.2 times to 0.9 times in the amino acid component selected from a minimum concentration of amino acids; (ii) component selected from C at least one amino acid, the concentration of each is 0.1 times the minimum concentration of amino acids in an amino acid selected ~ 0.4 times of component a; or (iii) at least one amino acid selected from the D component, the concentration of each It is 0.05 times to 0.2 times the minimum amino acid selected from among the concentration of component a, component a: valine, glycine, alanine and glutamine; B component: serine, proline, threonine, taurine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine and tyrosine; component C: asparagine, ornithine, arginine and tryptophan; D ingredients: glutamic acid, methionine, cystine and citrulline.


by CR. Landgren W hat do you get if, for 2 weeks you mix 18 high potential, minor i ty , high s choo l juniors from all over the country; eight college science faculty members from one of America 's most selective colleges; and a research station on 2,200 acres of forested land 6 miles from the nearest village? The answers are as varied as the p a r t i c i p a n t s . S t u d e n t s rece ive a wonderful learning experience. Faculty members are given one of the most enjoyable teaching opportunities of their lives. All get 2 weeks of vacation in the country. Mostly, it generates more e n t h u s i a s m a b o u t s c i e n c e than previously imaginable. Middlebury College's Science Core Instruction and Experience Network System (SCIF.NS) program, initiated under a grant from the GTE Focus program offers all this and more.


An important unresolved question in sensory neuroscience is whether, and if so with what time course, tactile perception is enhanced by visual deprivation. In three experiments involving 158 normally sighted human participants, we assessed whether tactile spatial acuity improves with short-term visual deprivation over periods ranging from under 10 to over 110 minutes. We used an automated, precisely controlled two-interval forced-choice grating orientation task to assess each participant's ability to discern the orientation of square-wave gratings pressed against the stationary index finger pad of the dominant hand. A two-down one-up staircase (Experiment 1) or a Bayesian adaptive procedure (Experiments 2 and 3) was used to determine the groove width of the grating whose orientation each participant could reliably discriminate. The experiments consistently showed that tactile grating orientation discrimination does not improve with short-term visual deprivation. In fact, we found that tactile performance degraded slightly but significantly upon a brief period of visual deprivation (Experiment 1) and did not improve over periods of up to 110 minutes of deprivation (Experiments 2 and 3). The results additionally showed that grating orientation discrimination tends to improve upon repeated testing, and confirmed that women significantly outperform men on the grating orientation task. We conclude that, contrary to two recent reports but consistent with an earlier literature, passive tactile spatial acuity is not enhanced by short-term visual deprivation. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications. On the theoretical side, the findings set limits on the time course over which neural mechanisms such as crossmodal plasticity may operate to drive sensory changes; on the practical side, the findings suggest that researchers who compare tactile acuity of blind and sighted participants should not blindfold the sighted participants. Citation: Wong M, Hackeman E, Hurd C, Goldreich D (2011) Short-Term Visual Deprivation Does Not Enhance Passive Tactile Spatial Acuity. PLoS ONE 6(9): e25277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025277 Editor: Chris I. Baker, National Institute of Mental Health, United States of America Received May 12, 2011; Accepted August 30, 2011; Published September 23, 2011 Copyright: ! 2011 Wong et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Funding was provided by grants to DG from the National Eye Institute (R15 EY13649-01) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Practice teaching quality guarantees the shaping of students' technical abilities.This article revolves aspects of practice teaching quality,such as quality monitoring,grading and evaluation,curriculum and faculty,and practice base management,to explore the establishment of practice teaching quality assurance system of technical and vocational colleges.


Drug reaction in hospitalized patients has an incidence rate of 2–3% and can affect any organ of the body, including the skin and its appendages. Each of the components of the nail apparatus can be affected, and the clinical manifestation to be observed will depend on the condition of each component. When it comes to the periungual folds, fixed drug eruptions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and Lyell's syndrome are the associated skin drug reactions. Periungual lesions can manifest themselves as a condition per se or arise from a drug reaction. Erythema, hemorrhage, necrosis, painful desquamation, edema, vesicles, and dyschromia are among the lesions that can develop. Other possible reactions include paronychia and the formation of pyogenic granulomas caused by drugs. Therefore, it is important to assess the periungual folds should any drug reaction occur.


In order to improve the shortcomings of X-ray imaging such as low contrast, apparent noise of background and the details of the workpiece can not be shown, Alterable framework model on Retinex algorithm appeared. It strengthens characteristics of X-ray imaging and improved the contrast and the quality of the original images, and the best visual effects of the minutia area are achieved. The theoretical analysis and the result of the experiment indicate that this algorithm compared with other algorithms, such as Homomorphism Filter and Gray Equalize which can effectively enhance contrast, control the context and noise. After enhanced the radiographic images by using this algorithm, the images will have better contrast than the first and second algorithms.


Effects of Bt maize on the reproduction and development of the freshwater snail Bulinus tropicus
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of genetically modified crops on aquatic environments around agricultural land. Fresh water snails indicated effects during embryonic development, and on the growth rate of survivors.


Abstract There has been considerable interest in the use of narratives to assess the language development of young deaf children for some time, yet there have been no readily available resources to do this. This paper describes an innovative assessment procedure using stories (the Stories/Narratives Assessment Procedure (SNAP)) which records the development of the narrative skills of young deaf children. SNAP has been used to monitor such skills in the first three years after cochlear implantation. The use of SNAP is illustrated with profiles of a child at 12 and 36 months post-implantation.


The Production Team Steve Silas, Producer, founder of 213TV Productions, is an ACE-nominated television producer and director and has created a wide variety of programming for broadcast, cable and home video. In 1989, he founded FRESH Electronic Publishing and created FRESH Video Portfolio, a video directory of computer graphic animation companies that became a standard industry reference for specialty broadcast CGI buyers. ° Frank Foster, Director and Writer, is a VP and technology specialist at Sony Pictures Imageworks. His SPI credits include Striking Distance, Jumanji, Wings of Courage, Speed and Contact. Recently he created new Internetbased content including an on-line version of the game show, Jeopardy, and a 3D game based on the film, Starship Troopers. Joan Collins Carey, CoProducer, is a veteran visual effects producer and a long-time SIGGRAPH member. Col l ins created CG for the OmniMax film, The Magic Egg. Judson Rosebush, Wri ter , Judson Rosebush Productions, is a director and producer of multimedia projects and computer animation. He founded Digital Effects Inc. in New York (19781985), the company that introduced computer animation to the commercial marketplace. Car l Machover , Co-Executive Producer, is President of a computer graphics consulting firm, Machover Associates Corporation. Dr. John Hart, Co-Executive Producer, is an Associate Professor in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University.


Clusters of galaxies are the most massive structures in the Universe, confined together in gravitationally bound systems with typical mass in the range of 1013 M⊙−1015 M⊙. Clusters of galaxies may be considered as self-similar, meaning that the properties of low mass clusters can be scaled up from the properties of more massive clusters, and vice versa. Clusters of galaxies have been thought to have standard mass fraction of gas, independent of their redshifts or total masses, and therefore proposed to be used as "standard buckets".The purpose of this work is to check the validity of clusters of galaxies as standard buckets by studying larger sample than those analysed by Mantz et al. (2014). The data set employed here consists of Chandra observations of 47 relaxed clusters at redshift 0.069 ≤ z ≤ 1.063. The results of this study show that compared to the differential gas fraction (fgas,diff), the cumulative gas mass fractions (fgas,2500) of the total sample of clusters are less dependent to the total mass M2500 and redshift. Relation between gas mass fraction and total mass M2500 suggests that massive clusters are more reliable to be used as standard buckets.


With the wide-using of campus network,the security of campus network becomes a real problem.According to a count,the 80% security threats comes from the inside of the campus network..By use the network monitors tool Sniffer Pro,we can analyse the characteristic of security threats immediately,detect the computers which was affected by virus,help the manager of campus network to make the right security policy to avoid viruses overspreading in campus network.


Microorganisms exposed to heavy metal stress are vulnerable to the toxic conditions caused by reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of stressed bacteria and detect the ability of some resistant bacterial strains to produce antioxidant enzymes under heavy metal stress. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of heavy metals and antibiotic sensitivity were investigated for some bacterial strains isolated from a heavy metal-polluted area. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes produced in the resistant bacterial strains were measured. The most toxic heavy metals found using the MIC test were Cd2+ followed by Co2+. The MIC of all heavy metals except Pb2+ and Zn2+against the most metal-resistant bacteria species ranged from 300 to 500 mg/L. In addition, 100 mg/L Zn2+ or Pb2+ increased and induced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. The strain Pseudomonas putida KNU5 greatly induced ascorbate peroxidase (1,030%) under the stress of 100 mg/L Zn2+, while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase decreased to 115% under 100 mg/L Pb2+. Thus, heavy metals cause oxidative stress in P. putida and antioxidant enzymes appear to play a pivotal role in combating oxidative stress, providing protection to P. putida. Furthermore, the results of this study show that antioxidant enzymes can be used to biologically monitor heavy metal pollution.

 Key words: Heavy metals, resistant bacteria, antioxidant enzymes.


Photovoltaic power generation is a clean, renewable energy source that uses solar radiation to generate electricity directly, and is widely used in all areas of production and life. When PV power is supplied at the same time as other power sources, there is a possibility of "solar abandonment". This paper is dedicated to solving the problem of "solar abandonment" caused by grid conflicts. Distributed photovoltaic power generation has a broad development prospect in China, and its power generation cost is lower than that of traditional power sources. As the PV power generation market continues to expand, power system reliability, stability and economy have become one of the important indicators to measure whether distributed PV power generation operates and develops safely and reliably, and therefore distributed PV power generation must be scientifically assessed, strictly managed and controlled.


This paper examines prospect theory and how it applies to computer security. The solution is not to sell security directly, but to include it as part of a more general product or service. Vendors need to build security into the products and services that customers actually want. Security is inherently about avoiding a negative, so you can never ignore the cognitive bias embedded so deeply in the human brain. But if you understand it, you have a better chance of overcoming it.


The method of providing water to the metal extension rear lights image sensor is provided in this disclosure. In one embodiment, the pads, and the metal layer of the pads of the first set and second set are provided to the rear lights image sensor. Pads of the first set being electrically coupled to the pads of the second set via the metal layer, the pads in the pad of the second set is exposed to the surface of the rear lights image sensor for testing. In another embodiment, the pads, the second pad of the pad at least one directly above the first set of the first set are provided in the rear lights image sensor. Pads of the first set of at least one of the second pad being electrically coupled to the at least one second pad is exposed on the surface of the rear lights image sensor for testing. Rear lights image sensor, metal extending water, pads, a metal layer of the pad, a second set of the first set