For finite connected graphs Γ and G , with Γ admitting a free involution τ , we characterize the based homotopy classes α ∈ [Γ , G ] for which the Borsuk-Ulam property holds in the sense of Gon¸calves, Guaschi and Casteluber-Laass, i.e., the homotopy classes α so that each of its representatives f ∈ α satisfies f ( x ) = f ( τ · x ) for some x ∈ Γ. This is attained through a graph-braid-group perspective aided by the use of discrete Morse theory.


Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an annual plant, native of Mexico, that belongs to the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Its flowers are commercially cultivated, harvested, and processed on an important industrial scale as a source of high-value pigments of the carotenoid family. Marigold flowers are the most concentrated common source of carotenoids, with lutein accounting for 85% of their total carotenoid content (Barzana et al., 2002). The meal made from the flowers is used as a supplement in the poultry industry (for coloring skin and egg yolk). Industrial sources have stated that the increasing awareness of toxicity of synthetic products has paved the way for the use of pigments from natural sources such as marigold (DelgadoVargas et al., 2000). Bioactive extracts of different Tagetes tissues also exhibit nematocidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal activity (Vanegas et al., 2002). The development of suitable methods for in vitro regeneration is one of the main prerequisites for genetic improvement using biotechnologic means. Marigold plants have been in vitro regenerated from different sources, including immature unpollinated disc florets (Kothari and Chandra, 1984), leaf callus and suspension cultures (albeit with a loss of morphogenic potential as a result of subculturing) (Kothari and Chandra, 1986), hypocotyls (Belarmino et al., 1992), shoot tip proliferation from adult plants (Misra and Datta, 1999), and leaf segments (Misra and Datta, 2001; Vanegas et al., 2002). It is noteworthy to point out that, to our knowledge, there are no reports on regeneration through indirect organogenesis from shoot apex-derived calluses in Tagetes erecta. Genetic transformation, either by particle bombardment or Agrobacterium infection, is a single cell event. Agrobacterium transformation requires tissue wounding previous to bacterial exposure. This may limit the number of transformed plants to those that regenerate only from the wounded area. Because methods using callus tissue do not require wounding, we believe that this protocol would increase the chances to obtain transformed plants after exposure of calluses by immersion to a bacterial suspension and further plantlet regeneration. We report a consistent and reproducible protocol for the regeneration of plantlets from shoot apex-derived calluses of marigold without any loss of morphogenic potential resulting from subculturing. This protocol is based on the use of a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MSB; Robert et al., 1987) containing different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA). The highest mean number of shoots per explant was obtained with 70 mM BA and 10 mM IAA 10 weeks after the culture's induction. When these shoots were excised and subcultured on MSB medium without plant growth regulators, they formed extensive root systems in vitro. Plantlets transferred to ex vitro conditions developed normally.


Larvae of 13 species of the bembidiine subtribes Tachyina (the genera Tachyta Kirby, Tachys Dejean, Polyderis Motschulsky, Elaphropus Motschulsky, Sphaerotachys G. Muller, Paratachys Casey, Porotachys Netolitzky) and Xystosomina (the genus Mioptachys Bates) were studied. Larvae of all studied taxa are described, diagnosed and illustrated. A key to genera is provided separately for the first- and older-instar larvae. Monophyly and phylogenetic position of the subtribes and genera are discussed on the basis of presumably apomorphic character states of larvae. Based on at least six synapomorphic character states the subtribes Tachyina and Xystosomina appear to form a monophyletic group. On the other hand, there are no synapomorphies to propose a sister-group relationship between Tachyina and Xystosomina within the supertribe Trechitae.


The paper is result of research different cross-border electricity trading
 mechanisms impact. Focus is on investments in generation and transmission
 power system facilities in regional market. Assumptions include efficient
 market coupling mechanism (with more bidding zones), use of additional
 investment indicators (like social welfare and congestion cost) and security
 of supply issues (capacity mechanisms). There is discussion on cost benefits
 analysis for particular market participants and there is possibility of risk
 reduction for regional power system expansion. It is shown current
 state-of-the-art, problems and trends in solving some aspects of market
 integration and investment issues. In some cases smaller and well defined
 bidding areas are absolutely essential in order to ensure system security and
 economic efficiency. There is no single criterion for power system expansion
 but it is possible to use combination of incentive schemes and possible
 through one index for cross-border trade. Risk management for cross-border
 electricity trading through several areas needs to be upgraded with use of
 financial transmission rights like weighted average area prices,
 respectively. Regional power system security is closely associated with
 timely investments in energy supply in line with economic development and
 environmental needs. Security of supply indicator is deriving an estimation
 of security of supply improvement from the market based simulation results
 when a generation or transmission investment project is implemented. All
 researched makes market integration and investments in Europe more efficient
 and gives more correct signals to market participants in regional market.


In Peru, since the end of the year 1992, there is a mixed retirement model which consists of a public system – integrated by the members of the armed and police forces (Decree Law 19846), public officials (Decree Law 20530), diplomatic officials (Supreme Decree 065-2009-RE) and the National Retirement System (Decree Law 19990) - and, in parallel, a private model, namely, the Private Retirement System (SPP – Sistema Privado de Pensiones) of the Retirement Fund Administrators (AFP – Administradores de Fondos de Pensiones) (Decree Law 25897). Due to the extent that several factors have affected the normal development of the public retirement systems, they have been tried to be replaced by the Chilean private model of 1980. However, the financial crises have revealed that this mechanism also has weaknesses, especially by their intimate connection with the volatility of the financial and stock markets, which have led to test alternative formulas. In some cases, these have been aimed towards supplementary retirement models, that is, the creation of retirement funds which are designed to provide additional benefits to those recognized by the existing mandatory systems.


The gravity method is a passive method based on the density measurement among sediment. This method is usually applied to identify the condition of the earth's subsurface. Soputan Volcano is located in District Minahasa Tenggara. Soputan Volcano is included in type A Volcano or stratovolcano and it stands at 1783.7 MSL. This research aims to identify the distribution of subsurface mass (sediment density) of Soputan. The data used was Data from satellite GGmPlus and elevation data of ERTM which was corrected to ellipsoid reference. 3D inversion modeling applied Grablox software. The complete value of the Bouguer anomaly obtained was 110 – 162 mGal. The density result obtained from the inversion model was 2.3 g/cm3 to 2.95 g/cm3. The sediment that could be identified was andesite sediment and basalt sediment. Based on that result, the layer arranging Soputan Volcano consists of many variations of mass in each depth grouped into andesite, breccia, basalt, andesite-basaltic, lava, breccia, and tuff.


1. Hibernation of chigger mites was observed under laboratory conditions.2. The larvae, nymphochrysalis and nymphs of Neoschongastia gallinarum can hibernateat an average temperrature of -10℃. The time required for hibernation is around fourmonths.3. The hibernating larvae, nymphochrysalis and nymphs possess different biologicalphenomena, which can be summarized into four groups.1. Larvae hibernation Jarvae.2. Fully engorged larvae hibernation fully engorged larvae non-feeding nym--ochrysalis nymphs (larvae- hibernation nymphs).3. Nymphochrysalis hibernation nymphochrysalis nymphs (nymphochrysalishibernation nymphs).4. Nymphs hibernation nymphs.4. The percentage of transformation of hibernating larvae into nymphs and nympho-chrysalis into nymphs, and the percentage of nymphs that hibernate are 90.3%; 64.6%;82.4% respectively.5. The length of life of Neoschongastia gallinarum hibernating larvae varies from119--130 days and of hibernating nymphs is 268 days. The length of life of both hiberna-ting larvae and nymphs is longer than the non-hibernating ones.6. Under the same conditions and with the same stages, it is found that Trombicula(Eutrombicula) wichmanni has no ability to hibernate.7. On the basis of the results of the present investigation and the summary of theliterature, the problem of hibernatiom of chigger mites is thoroughly discussed. It is con-cluded that any stage in the life history of the mites, including egg, larva, nymphochrysalis,nymph, imagochrysalis and imago can under go hibernation.


Sunflower seeds exposed to 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 ;T for 24/48/72 hrs using an electromagnetic field (EMF) generator specially designed and fabricated for the purpose, showed significant increase in percent germination, root and shoot length, wet and dry weight compared to the respective controls. Samples exposed to 500 and 700 ;T intensities of EMF for the duration of 48/72 hrs showed maximum increase of 10�24% in germ ination, 53�67% in shoot length, 18�41% in root length, 24�49% in wet weight and 40�59% in dry weight indicating that treatment with suitable intensity EMF perhaps stimulate absorption ability and bioaccumulation of metabolites in germinating seeds, which subsequently contribute to enhanced growth of the plant.


This paper presents an algorithm that allows for the rapid design of motion effects for 4D films. Our algorithm is based on a viewer-centered rendering strategy that matches chair motion to the movement of a viewer's visual attention. Object tracking algorithm is used to estimate the movement of visual attention under the assumption that visual attention follows an object of interest. We performed several experiments to find optimal parameters for implementation, such as the required accuracy of object tracking. Our algorithm enables motion effects design to be at least 10 times faster than the current practice of manual authoring. We also assessed the subjective quality of the motion effects generated by our algorithm, and results indicated that our algorithm can provide perceptually plausible motion effects.


Neural stimulation and motion intervention have applications in the areas of brain-computer interface and rehabilitation engineering. Here an integrated design of wearable electronics, neural implants and motion behavior intervention was presented. This stimulation device was provided by a novel soft electronic device fabricated based on a nanostructure and surface-triboelectric effects. The device was capable of generating electrical pulses suitable for neural stimulation. The generation of neural stimulation pulses was self-powered through deformation of the device surface. The properties of being soft and self-powered enabled an integrated solution of wearable electronics for brain stimulation and motion intervention. The application of the system was demonstrated in mice in vivo. Through the chronic electrode implants in the sensorimotor cortex and self-powered stimulation, the mice could perform motion changes by turning their bodies in different scales. This work provides an innovative approach for developing new wearable design and systems for neural stimulation and motion control.


The success of minority oversampling in dealing with class-imbalanced dataset is well manifested by existing approaches. But that do not guarantee the true class of the synthetic minority points. We address the given context in this paper, Learning Minority Class prior to Minority Oversampling (LMCMO). To guarantee the class information of synthetic minority points, we estimate the minority spaces before generating the synthetic minority points. The performance efficiency of the LMCMO oversampled dataset is tested on C4.5 decision tree and Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Empirical evaluations on 21 datasets using four diversified metrics indicate substantial improvement in Linear SVM outcomes of the proposed method over four competing methods. A modest but still significant gain is achieved by our method over other methods on classification using C4.5 decision tree.


The application of dithiophosphates as either accelerators or sulphur donors during diene rubber vulcanization has been well established for many years. Numerous advantages of this group of accelerators versus well-known standard accelerators (i.e. reversion resistance, heat stability of vulcanizates, non-nitrosamine generating accelerator systems, high solubility in rubbers of different polarity) established dithiophosphates for common use in a wide variety of rubber applications. In typical tire tread model compounds, dithiophosphates were found to be a suitable secondary accelerator, powerful enough even to replace DPG, which is under permanent discussion for working hygiene reasons [1], as well as for its tendency to increase reversion tendency of compounds [2-4]. The present paper gives an overview and a summary, underlined by examples, of all known advantages dithiophosphates can offer in compounding. It shows in detail the application of dithiophosphates with different modifications in chemical structure. They are applied to solution SBR-based highly filled silica formulations and contain natural rubber as used for tire tread or other dynamically loaded elastomer products.


Appendix A Definitions and Background The TGD Chase Procedure A chase sequence of a database D w.r.t. a set Σ of TGDs is a sequence of chase steps Ii〈σi,hi〉Ii+1, where i> 0, I0 =D and σi ∈Σ. The chase of D w.r.t. Σ, denoted chase(D,Σ), is defined as follows: – A finite chase of D w.r.t. Σ is a finite chase sequence Ii〈σi,hi〉Ii+1, where 0 6 i < m, and there is no σ ∈ Σ which is applicable to Im; let chase(D,Σ) = Im. – An infinite chase sequence Ii〈σi,hi〉Ii+1, where i > 0, is fair if whenever a TGD σ : φ(X,Y) → ∃Zψ(X,Z) of Σ is applicable to Ii with homomorphism h, then there exists h′ ⊇ h and k > i such that h′(head(σ))⊆ Ik. An infinite chase of D w.r.t. Σ is a fair infinite chase sequence Ii〈σi,hi〉Ii+1, where i > 0; let chase(D,Σ) = ⋃∞ i=0 Ii.


Resistance to mupirocin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have increased with wide use of mupirocin in many countries, but the prevalence in Korea is not well-known. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clonality of mupirocin-resistant (MUP-R) isolates from three Korean hospitals. A total of 175 MRSA isolates were collected from three university hospitals in 2009-2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion and the agar dilution methods. femA, mecA and mupA genes were detected by polymerase chain reactions. Pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern of genomic DNA was determined after digestion with SmaI. Overall, 12 among the 175 MRSA isolates were resistant to mupirocin, with prevalence ranging from 0 to 10% depending on hospitals. Three high-level (HL) and nine low-level (LL) MUR-R isolates were obtained from two hospitals. All MUP-R isolates were susceptible to rifampin and vancomycin, but were resistant to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Eight LL and one HL MUP-R isolates were also resistant to fusidic acid. PFGE analysis showed three HL MUP-R isolates belonged to arbitrary cluster 3, 5 and 6 with 60~90% similarity compared to LL MUP-R isolates. In conclusion, the HL resistance to mupirocin was detected in two hospitals, but HL MUP-R isolates were clonally not related.


In the last decade a crisis demographic situation occured in our country. Signifi cant problems during the course of intensive economic development of the country result in negative socioeconomic processes. This has led to worsening of the population health and quality of life. Therefore, study of factors with important infl uence on the populations health is necessary. After specifi cation of basic factors it will be possible to determine systematical ieffects on the urban area demographic situation.


Kappaphycus alvarezii is the main commodity of the cultivation in Madura-East Java. The preparation of qualified seeds of seaweed is one of the efforts in increasing its production. Conventional method of water nursery that has been carried out has several weaknesses, which are susceptible to pest and fluctuationg climate. The application of aquaculture method is one of the main ways to improve the quality and quantity of seaweed seeds through nutrient enrichment and the optimization of environmental factors measured in seawater as media. Therefore, in this research, the media optimization of K. alvarezii seaweed seeding was carried out by aquaculture. The condition in optimizing seaweed seeding was determined by setting the culture condition according to the environmental parameters where seaweed was taken. The method used in this study was TMAMQ test to measure the antioxidant capacity, the total of phenol, biomass and TPC test. This result of this research was obtained through morphological observation of seaweed growth with the provision of a recirculation system, 0.05M urea and UV-filter showed the most excellent performance observed from the number of talus growth, in addition, UV-filter could help it inhibit the growth of microbes that were proven through total colony test in the medium of seawater after entering UV, it did not show microbial growth.


The invention aims to provide a semiconductor device capable of suppressing upwardly convex bending of insulating substrate. A semiconductor device is characterized by including an insulating substrate (12), a semiconductor element (22) secured to a top surface of the insulating substrate, a case (30) formed of a resin and having a frame portion (30A) surrounding the semiconductor element (22), a metal support (40) located above the insulating substrate (12) and having an end secured to the frame portion (30A), a holding-down portion (30C) extending downward from the metal support (40) so as to prevent upwardly convex bending of the insulating substrate (12), and an adhesive bonding the insulating substrate (12) and the case (30) together.


Once a clear tradition becomes traceable, it is, of course, easier to prove formalism and insincerity, and on these topics Janson is often splendidly pungent: 'The theme (sc. contempt for rhetorical devices) is put forward even in the handbooks of rhetoric, so that its use by an author indicates not that he really despises the art of rhetoric but that he knows its rules' (p. 127); 'this author (Vopiscus) of course felt a strong need to emphasize his love of truth in that his work is both tendentious and erroneous' (p. 134). Janson comments informatively on the Silver Latin tendency to attach prose prefaces to volumes of verse, and perceptively on the social implications of various styles of dedication, those of the Republic, those addressed to an Emperor, and, following Dihle, on the renewed life given to the traditional topic of the author's insufficiency by the respect both for social hierarchy and the virtue of humility in the early Christian period.


A series of six studies was undertaken to study various chemical and microbial aspects of the composting and, land application of sewage sludge. Ammonia, which is generated in sludge by ammonify ing microorganisms, was shown to be virucidal. In the pH range of 7 to 9, NH3, but not OHor NH4+, was effective. Temperature effects were related t o a single NH3 concentration. Sludge and sludge compost wi th high concentrations of heavy metals and chlorinated organic materials appeared to have no inhibitory effect on soil enzyme activity, probably because of the age or the highly stabilized nature of the sludge and sludge compost. Sludges were appl ied once (100 megagrams [Mgllha) or annually (20 Mg lha ) fo r 5 years t o f ie ld p lo ts . N movement down the soil profile occurred in the sludge-amended plots, especially in all of the split plots that received additional fertilizer. Phosphorus movement occurred only down t o the 60-cm depth, or four times the depth of incorporation in the sludge-amended plots. Laboratory studies conducted to test methods for improving the efficiency of composting indicated that the most efficient system was the temperaturedemand aeration system. This method resulted in twice as much drying and yielded 2.5 times as much COz as constant aeration composting. Results of studies have shown that Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and therm o p h i l i c ac t i nomyce tes (TA) are present in air at very low levels in most non-agricultural sites, even when organic matter is present and temperatures are occasionally higher than ambient. Compost and moldy agricultural substrates are the biggest reservoirs and sources of AF and TA. The tolerance of AF to broad ranges of temperature, COP, and water content l imit the benefits of modifying the composting process by these parameters t o inhibit this microorganism. This Project Summary was developed by EPA's Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in a separate report of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back).


Modifications of the TS algorithm for solving five-point equations are considered. The stability of the method is analyzed, and the results of numerical experiments are presented. Parallelization of the algorithm is discussed.


In densely populated regions, tunnels hundreds of feet below the earth's surface may be attractive guideways for high-speed transportation systems. Advantages include stability, isolation from weather variations, ease of positive control of the system, absence of interference from other structures and transportation modes, and potential alternative uses of the tunnels for such functions as storage, fluid transport, and defense purposes. If the system terminals are located near the surface, propulsion and braking requirements of the vehicles can also be greatly simplified. The principal deterrent is construction costs. These are being reduced by mechanized tunnelling mechines now undergoing much development but hard, strong rock still requires slow, expensive drill and blast techniques. Research to rapidly weaken hard rock so mechanical moles can tunnel it economically is being done. Both thermal treatments and the use of water-borne surface active agents are effective weakeners. A 1000-watt continnous-duty CO 2 laser can reduce the strength of marble or granite by a factor of ten in 3 to 5 seconds exposure time.


Abstract Many factors, both mesoscale and larger scale, often come together in order for a particular convective initiation to take place. The authors describe a modeling study of a case from the Convective Storms Initiation Project (CSIP) in which a single thunderstorm formed behind a front in the southern United Kingdom. The key features of the case were a tongue of low-level high θw air associated with a forward-sloping split front (overrunning lower θw air above), a convergence line, and a "lid" of high static stability air, which the shower was initially constrained below but later broke through. In this paper, the authors analyze the initiation of the storm, which can be traced back to a region of high ground (Dartmoor) at around 0700 UTC, in more detail using model sensitivity studies with the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM). It is established that the convergence line was initially caused by roughness effects but had a significant thermal component later. Dartmoor had a key role in the developmen...


The welded joints of stainless steels always present problems for the microstructural modifications that occur in the heat affected zone. Particularly, duplex stainless steels present very important changes when the weld pool solidifies forming fundamentally ferritic structures with some austenite in grain boundaries. These microstructural modifications, and those which occur in the HAZ, justify the mechanical properties of the joint and mainly those of plasticity, being all of them influenced by the processing conditions. In this work the influence of the laser welding speed on the tensile behaviour of duplex stainless steel welded joints is presented. The microstructure of the obtained seams and of the heat affected zone will be evaluated by means of optic and scanning electron microscopy. Also, different microhardness profiles have been obtained to evaluate the modifications in the mechanical properties both in the seam and the zone of thermal affection.


Using the high temperature mass spectrometric technique, the molecule YIr and the previously known molecule YAu have been observed in the gas phase over a Y–Ir–Au–graphite system. Thermodynamic evaluation of experimental data yielded the following thermochemical values:


Texture and coating technology can significantly improve the tribological properties of mechanical components. In this study, the lubricating and wear properties of the reticular surface texture under the action of TiN were studied. Lubrication and wear experiments at different speeds were conducted using a UMT-3 wear and friction testing machine. Using Fluent fluid simulation, the bearing capacity of the oil film was obtained, and the lubrication performance of the texture was verified. The results showed that the simulation experiment and the lubrication experiment were consistent to a certain extent. For the groove width and angle parameters studied in this paper, optimal parameters existed to achieve the maximum bearing capacity, 1.27 N. Due to the high hardness and low elastic modulus of the TiN coating, the coated reticular texture was more wear-resistant, and it achieved the minimum wear volume 1.148 × 10−6 mm3 from the grinding stainless-steel matrix. The effect of the fluid dynamic pressure, wear debris collection, and lubricating oil storage were the main reasons for the increase in load-carrying capacity and the decrease in wear with the coated reticular texture.


Classic difference-in-differences estimation relies on the validity of the "parallel trends assumption" (PTA), which ensures that the evolution of the variable of interest in the control group can be used to determine its counterfactual development in the treatment group in the absence of treatment. The plausibility of the PTA is usually assessed by a test of the null hypothesis that the difference between the means of both groups is constant over time before the treatment. However, this procedure is problematic as failure to reject the null hypothesis does not imply the absence of differences in time trends between both groups due to low power to detect economically relevant differences. We provide three tests of equivalence leading to a "common range" (CR) condition that replaces the PTA and which naturally reflects differences between treatment and control. We combine the CR with standard confidence intervals to capture both design and sampling uncertainty in the data and show that the combined confidence intervals yield more reliable inference when the PTA is violated.


This publication is designed to help individuals or families determine whether their interests, resources, and skills are adequate to establish a small home-based business in residential care services. It discusses first the need for residential care. A discussion of setting up a business considers the following: common characteristics of entrepreneurs, evaluation of suitability of present residence for use as a residential care facility, suggestions for providing.care, meeting standards, licensing and certification, cost of care in a residential home, and funding. Some home-based business basics are then addressed--financial planning, food service, business organization, and personnel. A section on findiAg clients addresses establishing what the business will furnish, selecting clients, and setting policies. Some resources for additional information are suggested. (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 4114# Universitydidaho Cooperative Extension System Ntla "hi Bulletin No. 738 Providing Residential Care Services for the Elderly A Home-based Business Handbook


This synthesis report aims to provide an overview of the national legal frameworks of 11 Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries addressing irregular migration taking place to and from their territories. The countries under examination are Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey. The unique position in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) is also analyzed. The irregular migration flows into and out of these countries are complex. Most of the countries in question are, to a certain degree, countries of origin, transit and destination. In some instances, irregular migration flows are intertwined with refugee movements, especially from Iraq and sub-Saharan Africa. The legal status of asylum seekers and refugees is far from transparent in a number of these countries and consequently they are often considered to be in an irregular situation. Their status is also bound up with the presence of a large number of Palestinian and Iraqi refugees, especially in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. The residence status of Palestinians in the OPT is also unstable. It is worthy to underline that a number of countries in the region have relatively complex and restrictive provisions regarding the access of foreign nationals to the labour market, with the result that migrants are at greater risk of irregularity.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric profile, level of physical activity, anxiety level, and posture of graduate students in the health field. This is a cross-sectional study involving 100 college students from health courses at a university in the western state of Sao Paulo. Weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index data were collected. We also applied the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for physical activity; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for anxiety; and the Postural Assessment Instrument for postural defects. The results of this study show that 67% of students have an average BMI of 22.12±4.84 kg/m², and 38% are regularly active. Regarding anxiety levels, the sample obtained (mean STAI E 40.6 points and STAI T 40.05) can be classified as moderate. In addition, 50% of the sample have lumbar concavity. Therefore, most health care university students displayed normal anthropometric values, were regularly active, had a moderate level of anxiety and had no postural defects.


We develop a Bayesian model to predict the maximum thickness of seasonally frozen ground (MTSFG) using historical air temperature and precipitation observations. We use the Stefan solution and meteorological data from 11 stations to estimate the MTSFG changes from 1961 to 2016 in the Yellow River source region of northwestern China. We employ an antecedent precipitation index model to estimate changes in the liquid soil water content. The marginal posterior probability distributions of the antecedent precipitation index parameters are estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling methods. We compare the results of our stochastic method with those obtained from the traditional deterministic method and find that they are consistent in general. The stochastic approach is effective for estimating the historical changes in the frozen ground depth (root‐mean‐square errors = 0.13–0.35 m), and it provides more information on model uncertainty regarding soil moisture variations. Additionally, simulation shows that the MTSFG has decreased by 0.31 cm per year over the last 56 years on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. This decrease in frost depth accelerated in the 1990s and 2000s. Considering the lack of data on seasonally frozen soil monitoring, the Bayesian method provides a pragmatic approach to statistically model frozen ground changes using available meteorological data.


In open-source software projects, during fixing software faults, developers sometimes also perform other types of non-fixing code changes such as functionality enhancement, code restructuring/improving, or documentation. They commit non-fixing changes together with the fixing ones in the same transaction. We call them mixed-purpose fixing commits (MFCs). We have conducted an empirical study on MFCs in several popular open-source projects. Our results showed that MFCs are about 11%-39% of total fixing commits. In 3%-41% of MFCs, developers performed other change types without indicating them in the commit logs. Our study also showed that mining software repositories (MSR) approaches that rely on the recovery of the history of fixed/buggy files are affected by the noisy data where non-fixing changes in MFCs are considered as fixing ones. The results of our study motivated us to develop Cardo, a tool to identify MFCs and filter non-fixing changed files in the change sets of the fixing commits. It uses natural language processing to analyze the sentences in commit logs and program analysis to cluster the changes in the change sets to determine if a changed file is for non-fixing. Our empirical evaluation on several open-source projects showed that Cardo achieves on average 93% precision, and existing MSR approaches can be relatively improved up to 32% with data filtered by Cardo.


Grand narrative conception of history refers to emphasizing the objective regularity of the historical process, anything happened has a initial source and the ultimate aim.History develop and change regularly towards the ultimate aim, and during the development process of history,all activities and events have a basis on"the causality",which is objective and inevitability,this is a kind of objectivity,Purposiveness,mechanical determinism and originism and other characteristics of the conception of history.


In recent years, cloud computing is evolving towards a distributed paradigm called Fog Computing, aiming to provide a distributed infrastructure by placing computational resources close to end-users. To fully leverage on Fog Computing, proper resource allocation is needed to cope with the demanding constraints introduced by IoT (e.g. low latency, high mobility). One of the main challenges that remain is Service Function Chaining (SFC). Services must be connected in a specific order forming an SFC allowing providers to benefit from the high flexibility and low operational costs introduced by network softwarization. In the demonstration, an SFC controller able to optimize the placement of service chains in Fog-cloud environments will be presented. The SFC controller has been implemented on the Kubernetes platform, an open-source orchestrator for the automatic deployment of micro-services. Our approach allows Kubernetes to deploy micro-services based on up-to-date information on the current status of the network infrastructure. The demonstration will show how application developers could use our approach to set up service chains for their services. Then, performance outcomes of our SFC controller will be shown, especially in terms of container deployment times.


Effect of DC electric field on recrystallization and texture development in IF steel was studied by X ray diffraction technique)ODF analysis combined with optical microscopy observation The result show that the electric field can retard the recrystallizaton process and grain growth, and promote development of γ fiber texture Based on the Gibbs Thomson formula, the possible mechanism of recrystallization texture formation in IF steel during electric field annealing is discussed


World production of lighting fixtures (top 60 countries) is worth about US$ 64.4 billion (Euro 43.7 billion) for the year 2008, with a 8.9% increase in comparison with the previous year (1.4% in Euro). This estimate is based on CSIL processing of data from official sources as far as trade is concerned, and CSIL estimates for production and consumption. Including other countries, the grand total could reach US$ 68-70 billion.


The caprellidean fauna of Ceuta, located on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, was studied with regard to species composition and biogeographical characteristics. A new species, Caprella ceutae n. sp. is described and compared with the closest species of this genus, C. equilibra and C. fretensis. Furthermore, two species, C. tuberculata and C. liparotensis are redescribed in detail. Of the nineteen species collected, three are recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, i.e. C. fretensis, C. erethizon and C. tuberculata. With regard to biogeographical distribution, the Strait of Gibraltar has a very high proportion of endemic species of the Caprellidea, contributing 30.8% of the Mediterranean endemisms. A key to the 13 species of Caprella from the region of Ceuta is also provided.


1 Introduction to Mechanisms and Machines 2 Materials: How to Choose and Where to Find Them 3 Screw It or Glue It: Fastening and Joining Parts 4 Forces, Friction and Torque (Oh My) 5 Mechanical and Electrical Power, Work, and Energy 6 Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Motor: Options for Creating and Controlling Motion 7 The Guts: Bearings, Couplers, Gears, Screws, and Springs 8 Combining Simple Machines for Work and Fun 9 Making Things and Getting Things Made 10 Projects Appendix: BreadBoard Power and Arduino Primer Index


Microbody-like structures have been described in cells of various animal1Z2 and ~ l a n t ~ . ~ species, as well as in Saccharomyces ~ e r e v i s i a e . ~ An increasing number of studies5r13 have reported the presence of peroxisomal enzyme activities in particulate fractions, but only a few have demonstrated the occurrence of these enzyme activities in a specific particle type that has the morphological features of the microbody.6.12 The possible role of the peroxisome in photosynthesis can be studied in leaf cells, whereas gluconeogenetic relationships are conveniently probed in studies using storage tissues or Tetruhymena. The interactions between peroxisomes and mitochondria, however, may best be studied in yeast, for several reasons: 1 ) the relative simplicity of the cellular morphology and ultrastructure; 2) the absence of such metabolic complications as photosynthesis; and 3) the applicability of a variety of known mitochondrial controls that can be studied at the cellular and subcellular levels of organization. Since mitochondrial activities can be turned on and off, or increased and decreased, it is possible to analyze and compare the effects of these controls on peroxisomal and mitochondrial structure and function in the same cells. Yeast mitochondrial activities can be modified genetically as well as physiologically. Among the latter, it is possible to repress and derepress respiratory functions by variations in glucose concentration, carbohydrate energy source, oxygen tension, and growth phase of the culture. In addition, chloramphenicol treatment produces differential effects on the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein-synthesizing systerns.l4 Miiller and associatesl0 have suggested that the peroxisome is a primitive organelle that gradually disappeared from cells during evolution, since its function was taken over by the more efficient mitochondrion. The fact that peroxisomes occur in a wide variety of organisms, but in relatively few cell types, may support this view. In any event, this view might be clarified by studying the interactions between the two organelle types in a cell that principally contains only these two kinds of organelle. It is for these reasons that this study has been undertaken. The principal approaches have been to identify the peroxisome in yeast as a distinctive organelle, using physical and chemical methods, and to study the patterns of regulation of the peroxisome in yeast cultures that have been exposed to conditions that affect mitochondrial respiration. In this manner we hope to gain some further insight into the contribution made by peroxisomes to cellular metabolism.


In recent years, security and immigration enforcement has expanded rapidly throughout Mexico. From checkpoints and patrols to a vast system of detention and deportation, Mexican officials have implemented far-reaching measures to curtail international migration from Central America. Many of these efforts have been concentrated along the Mexico–Guatemala border and deep within southern Mexico, culminating in Programa Frontera Sur, a militarized approach to border security implemented in 2014. In this article, we explore how security and immigration enforcement in Mexico rely on spatial hierarchies that divide north and south. The practice of security and immigration enforcement has received significant attention across many disciplines. The notion of spatial hierarchies and the ways in which scalar differentiation impinges upon well-being has been less covered. As we show, these hierarchies partition North and Central America according to colonial modes, subordinating the latter as inferior while working across global, national, and local scales. Crucially, the linkages between securitization and the spatialization of hierarchies provide insights into nation-building and regional identity, where Mexico and the United States are increasingly designated as separate from South and Central America.


Variable, fractional-order backward difference is a generalisation of commonly known difference or sum. Equations with these differences can be used to describe a variable-, fractional order digital control strategies. One should mention, that classical tools such as a state-space description and discrete transfer function cannot be used in the analysis and synthesis of such a type of systems. Equations describing a closed-loop system are proposed. They contain square matrices imitating the action of matrices in the system polynomial matrix description. This paper focuses on the stability analysis of a closed-loop SISO linear system with a controller described by the equations mentioned. A stability condition based on a transient denominator matrix condition number is proposed. Investigations are supported by two numerical examples.


Kelly Valla, PharmD, BCOP, of Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, describes the clinical implications of novel agents for aggressive B-cell lymphoma, which were described at a session presented by Gilles Salles, MD, PhD, of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, at the 2021 SOHO Annual Meeting.


Data is lacking regarding the clinical manifestations of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection during Spring 2021 and how that clinical presentation compares to children who presented during the early months of the pandemic. We sought to compare the presentation and severity of illness among children with a positive PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 who presented during the Spring 2020 to those who presented for testing during Spring 2021.

 We identified all patients < 18 years old who had a positive nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for SARS-CoV-2 from 4/1/2020-6/30/2020 and from 4/1/2021-6/30/2021 through a laboratory-based database at a rural academic tertiary care medical center. Data collected included demographics; underlying medical comorbidities; symptoms at the time of SARS-CoV-2 testing; results of SARS-CoV-2 testing and other tests performed at the same time; treatments administered; imaging studies performed; need for hospitalization; and, for those requiring hospitalization, hospital length of stay, and respiratory support. We excluded patients who were hospitalized for reasons other than COVID-19 infection in our hospitalization statistics.

 We identified 331 children with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result who met our inclusion criteria. Among children presenting during the Spring 2021 time period, upper respiratory tract infection (URI) symptoms were much less common than those presenting in Spring 2020 (2% vs 19%, p< 0.001). Additionally, fever and cough were more common among children presenting in Spring 2021 (34% vs 22%, p=0.01) (Table 1). Hospitalization for COVID-19 care occurred in 4% of children overall: 3% of children during the Spring 2020 era and 5% of children during Spring 2021, P=0.587 (Table 2).
 Self-reported symptoms among children with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test, Spring 2020 vs. Spring 2021.
 Association of year, patient, and clinical characteristics with hospital admission for care of COVID-19.

 Our study offers insights into the differences in the clinical presentation and outcomes of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during Spring 2020 and Spring 2021, respectively. We found that children infected during Spring 2021 had fever and cough more often and rhinorrhea and nasal congestion less often than children infected during the Spring 2020. Hospitalization was uncommon and was similar in both time periods. Most children requiring hospital admission had an underlying medical comorbidity.

 Jessica E. Ericson, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant.


Natural selection has favored a positive energy balance in humans exposed to an environment rich in energy and oxygen. This is exemplified by the global epidemic of obesity and its inverse relationship with altitude [1]. Murray and Montgomery hypothesize that the negative energy balance observed during prolonged exposure to extreme altitude (>5,000–5,500m), combined with the effects of reduced tissue oxygenation, serves to help the organism to better cope with the challenge for survival in oxygen deprived conditions [2]. They postulate "that the catabolic response to altitude (comprising both lipolytic and myolytic components) is orchestrated, and that it is both metabolically advantageous and protective under hypoxic conditions." This view opposes one that has dominated the field of high altitude research for decades, namely that prolonged stays at such altitudes inevitably lead to the negatively labeled syndrome of high altitude deterioration [3]. Murray and Montgomery look at the limited evidence from altitude research and find that this concept of altitude deterioration is perhaps illinformed. From an evolutionary perspective, humans carry an ancient genetic heritage of many mechanisms, shared with


The tunnel of main line of the Project of Diverting Water from Yellow River at Wanjiazhai, Shanxi, passes largely through subsiding loess, which is mainly upper Pleistocene eolian loess. Field geological inverstigation and laboratory geotechnical test permitted us to understand the physical and mechanical properties and deformation of the subsiding loess. Analyzing the characteristics and regularities of the wet subsidence of loess, we discuss the causes for defects in construction of the tunnel and suggest a scheme of reasonable engineering treatment for ensure the unimpeded water flow.


Foot rollover and the 'ride' feeling that occurs during heel–toe transition during running have been investigated mostly in laboratory settings due to the technical requirements of 'golden standard' measurement devices. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to investigate 'ride' and rollover with a heel cap-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) when running under field conditions to get realistic results. Twenty athletes ran on a 1 km outdoor track with five different shoe conditions, only differing in their midsole bending stiffness. The peak angular velocity (PAV) in the sagittal plane of the shoe was analyzed. The subjective evaluation of the 'ride' perception during heel–toe transition was rated on a visual analogue scale. The results revealed that PAV and 'ride' varied for the different shoes. The regression analysis showed that PAV has a significant impact on the 'ride' rating (R2 = 0.952; p = 0.005). The shoe with a medium midsole bending stiffness had the lowest value for PAV (845.6 deg/s) and the best rating of perceived 'ride' on average. Our results show that IMU can be used as a low-cost method to investigate the heel–toe transition during field-running. In addition, we found that midsole bending stiffness influenced PAV and the subjective feeling of 'ride'.


In recent years, process mining has been attracting attention as an effective method for improving business operations by analyzing event logs that record what is done in business processes. The event log may contain missing data due to technical or human error, and if the data are missing, the analysis results will be inadequate. Traditional methods mainly use prediction completion when there are missing values, but accurate completion is not always possible. In this paper, we propose a method for understanding the tendency of missing values in the event log using decision tree learning without supplementing the missing values. We conducted experiments using data from the incident management system and confirmed the effectiveness of our method.


The variable cycle engine switches working modes by way of changing variable-geometry components to achieve the dual advantages of high unit thrust and low specific fuel consumption. Due to the lack of a large amount of rig test data and the complex modeling of rotating components, the incomplete characteristics of the variable-geometry rotating components lead to the non-convergence of the component-level model of the variable cycle engine, which makes it difficult to design the follow-up control system. Aiming at this problem, a characteristics modeling method of variable-geometry rotating components for variable cycle engine based on reference characteristic curves is proposed in this paper. This method establishes a neural network estimation model for the offset coefficients of key component operating points based on the characteristic law of the maturely designed variable-geometry rotating component. Combining the neural network model and the reference characteristic curves of the variable-geometry component to be designed, the offset positions of the operating points for positive and negative guide vane angles are determined. Instead of directly connecting operating points to generate characteristic lines, this paper solves the Bezier curve optimization problem based on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) to smoothly fit characteristic lines. Thereby, component characteristics that conform to the actual variable-geometry characteristics can be quickly established in the absence of rig test data. The simulations show that the characteristics of the variable-geometry rotating components established by the proposed method have satisfactory accuracy and reliability, which further improves the operation stability of the component-level model of the variable cycle engine.


Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly expanding field. More and more neotype technology and equipment have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of many kinds of thoracopathy. Innovative technologies promise to have an effect on diseases not traditionally treated by invasive pulmonary interventions,such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma. This article reviews the progress of the interventional techniques.

Key words:
Respiratory diseases; Interventional technology; Progress of diagnosis and treatment


The excitation and gas temperature of a non-equilibrium argon plasma torch sustained by a focused 24 GHz microwave beam in the external atmosphere of air was measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The excitation temperature of argon atoms was found about 5000 K, while the vibrational and rotational temperatures of ambient nitrogen molecules were respectively estimated at 3000 K and 2000 K. The effective mixing of the external gas atmosphere into the plasma torch is experimentally demonstrated. The vibrational and rotational temperatures of nitrogen molecules slightly increased with the distance from the nozzle exit. Experimental results demonstrate that microwave discharge at atmospheric pressure may be relevant for the decomposition of highly stable molecules, e.g. carbon dioxide, in non-equilibrium conditions.


In this study, we attempt to use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify cats' different sounds. CNN is proven to classify different patterns from the spectro-temporal features of a sound and thus well suited for sound classification. We will perform data transformation using mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to extract the sound frequency to apply this method. In MFCCs, each frequency bin is quasi-logarithmically spaced so that it resembles the resolution of the human auditory system compared to the spectrogram. We will be using four convolutional layers of CNN architecture with a pooling layer and dense layer as the output layer in our model. From the sound ontology Audio set, we can collect 595 different sound data classified into five categories of cat sounds, which we used to train our model. From our training process, our model can achieve a classification accuracy of 88.473254%. In the future, we look forward to improving our model accuracy by adding more data and even out each label to reduce overfitting. We would also like to implement a data augmentation method on our dataset to improve our model accuracy.


The rise of Hindu majoritarianism in India's political and cultural life has led to questions about the viability of secularism in the postcolonial context. Despite the colonial power relations that inform secular discourse, it is assumed the state should maintain a critical distance from religious culture in the face of the increasing marginalization of minority groups in Indian society. At the same time, concerns have been raised that secular rhetoric around syncretism, the preservation of diversity, and religious tolerance often ends up laundering the cultural norms of the majority as national or universal. This paper seeks to displace the East/West divide that informs liberal commentary on secularism - a divide characterized by an opposition between tradition and modernity, faith and rationality. Rather than reject secular discourse on the basis of its colonial genealogy, it is possible to see it as 'an enabling violation' of Enlightenment thought that must be renegotiated through one's ethical relationship to the other. Gayatri Spivak's understanding of ethics as 'a problem of relation before they are a task of knowledge' necessarily shifts our understanding of ethics from a 'self driven political calculus as "doing the right thing" ' to 'ethics as openness toward the imagined agency of the other'. My paper considers how Spivak's concepts of ethical alterity and literary reading link ethics with praxis in thinking about secularism in the postcolonial context. I argue that while Rushdie's media statements, recently republished in Step Across this Line: Collected Nonfiction, 1992-2002, seem complicit with liberal views of secularism, his novel, The Moor's Last Sigh, works to displace secular discourse's Enlightenment assumptions.


Immuno-oncology (I/O) based therapeutics, including cellular therapies and checkpoint inhibitors have surged in the last 2 years, but the technology to accurately test them in a pre-clinical setting is significantly lacking. While animal models have tried to provide accurate testing platforms, the ultimate goal of a matched patient tumor and immune system is not achievable in mice. To overcome this issue, we have developed two 3D tissue systems for in vitro testing that combine a patient's tumor cells and autologous immune cells for accurate testing and prediction. We hypothesize that our 3D cell culture systems can recapitulate the patient's tumor microenvironment to detect I/O response. Our spheroid-based system allows us to monitor how primary T-cells are affected by paired tumor cells and/or the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab using flow cytometry. We have successfully detected pembrolizumab binding to T-cells in a dose dependent manner, clonal expansion of lymphocyte populations, as well as increased expression of activation markers on CD3+ cells following combination with tumor cells and exposure to pembrolizumab. This model also accurately detects CD3+CD8+ T-cell mediated tumor cell death and can be used to track changes in secreted cytokines and chemokines such as Granzyme B and IFN gamma. Our second model, a 3D microtumor platform, allows us to detect immune cell migration and infiltration and therapy related cell death. Our results show pembrolizumab can increase lymphocyte infiltration while simultaneously decreasing microtumor growth in matched patient samples whose tumor cells express PD-L1 and whose lymphocytes are CD8+. Cytokine secretion detected by multiplex technology from our microtumor model supports our observed enhanced T-cell activation in the presence of pembrolizumab. The data generated from our two complex 3D in vitro models can recapitulate in vivo biology in order to derive correlations to I/O drug response. These models can be utilized for preclinical testing of new I/O agents as well as for patient response predictions to I/O therapies. Citation Format: Kathryn M. Appleton, Qi Guo, Ashley Elrod, Alina Lotstein, Lillia Holmes, Teresa M. DesRochers. Predicting patient response to immuno-oncology agents in vitro using 3D cultures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 500.


The precision doublet of magnetic quadrupole lenses is presented. The doublet yoke and poles made from a single piece of soft magnetic iron. Doublet manufacturing technology provides of alignment of the geometric axes in the lenses with an accuracy of a few microns. The doublet geometry was chosen to obtain the maximum magnetic induction at the poles for a given radius of the lens aperture as a result of numerical simulation. An experimental study of the doublet properties was carried out using a setup for field reconstruction technique for magnetic quadrupole lenses. The relative position of the physical axes of the lenses (the geometrical location of points with zero magnetic induction) and the magnitudes of the parasitic multipole field components were determined.


An investigation on students of"National training plan"in Anhui Province was carried out to know the actuality of physical education teachers in rural middle school of Anhui Province. Results showed that the gender proportion of the subjects is unbalanced and that the age,academic qualification,professional title of the staff conform to the demand of society. Besides,the teachers' workload is reasonable in collectivity but individual disparity is significant. The physical education teachers give their vocation a mediocre evaluation and the discontent focuses on the treatment and social status. It was suggested that the unbalanced gender proportion of physical education teachers should be ameliorated,the vocational evaluation should be improved,and the advanced study and training should be conducted to enhance the occupational quality of physical education teacher.


Hemophagocytosis represents the peculiar pathological feature of activated macrophages engulfing hematopoietic cells as a result of an immune dysregulatory disorder. This finding is the hallmark of a rare hyperinflammatory disease known as hemo phagocytic ly mphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH is a severe condition characterized by an abnormal ineffective immune response caused by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and T-helper lymphocytes, leading to excessive cytokine production, subsequent amplification of pathologic immune stimulation, increased phagocytic activity and tissue damage [1]. Typically, heat shock proteins (HSP) are associated with a peculiar combination of clinical and biochemical features, including prolonged high fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. If undiagnosed or not promptly treated, HLH almost inevitably results in death. First described in 1939 by Scott and Robb-Smith [2] as a life-threatening disorder characterized by histiocytic proliferation with erytrophagocytosis in the lymphoreticular system, it was named 'histiocytic medullary reticulosis' (HMR) and ascribed among malignant histiocytosis. In the following years, HSP were considered a hereditary immune dysregulatory disorder, called 'familial hemophagocytic reticulosis' [3], until Risdall described a viral association with HLH, highlighting a possible acquired etiology and therefore referring to it as 'reactive hemophagocytic syndrome' [4]. Subsequently, several cases have been involved in the genesis of sporadic HLH, including infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and metabolic co nditions. Therefore, HLH can be etiologically classified into a primary (genetic) or a secondary (acquired) disorder. All forms of HLH share hereditary or acquired immune defects characterized by impaired function of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells. Primary HLH includes two groups: first, the familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndromes (FHLH1–5), in which HLH is the sole manifestation of the disease, and second, immunodeficiency syndromes associated with albinism (Chediak Higashi syndrome, Griscelli syndrome type II, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type II) or other primary immunodeficiencies (i.e., X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder type I or II), where the hemophagocytosis is a part of a complex landscape of clinical manifestations [5]. Although not yet entirely identified, the known genetic abnormalities cause defect in proteins (like perforin, MUNC13.4, syntaxin-11 and STXBP2) that play a key role in granule-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity, impairing the maturation or the secretion cytotoxic granules during target cell killing, thus prejudicing the immune response [6]. Hereditary HLH usually occurs in infants or young children, with clear familial inheritance, is associated with high risk of recurrence and short life expectancy without hematopoietic cell transplantation. Commentary


Social media is a means of interaction and communication. One of the social media that is often used is Twitter. Twitter allows its users to express many things, one of which is being a personal media to provide various kinds of expressions from its users such as emotions. Users can express their emotions and sentiments through writing on the status of their social media posts. One method to find out the emotion in the sentence is using the Emotion Lexicon. However, the lexicon-based method is not good at classifying data because not every word contains emotion. So, there's a need to combine it with other classification method such as Naive Bayes. Naïve Bayes relies on independent assumptions to obtain a classification through the probability hypothesis that each class has. The results of the classification test with Emotion Lexicon alone have 46% accuracy, 45% precision, 51% recall and 36% f-measure. While the results of the classification test with Emotion Lexicon and Naïve Bayes resulted in an accuracy of 65%, precision of 77%, recall of 55%, and f- measure of 59%.


Results of batch studies on the bioconversion of D-xylose by the pentose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus are reported. A significant level of aeration was found to be necessary to stimulate biomass growth and to enhance the rate of ethanol production. Ethanol production appears to be restricted by substrate inhibition at initial D-xylose concentrations in excess of about 40 g/l. At this value, a maximum ethanol yield from substrate of only 27.4 mass % was achieved, which was only 53.7% of the theoretical maximum. Significant amounts (up to 14% mass yield) of by-product xylitol also were produced. The advantages and disadvantages of this direct bioconversion process for industrial application are discussed and compared to other ethanol production processes. 15 references, 10 figures, 4 tables.


Using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional,the optimized structures of the organic alkalides M + aza222M′ - (M,M′=Li,Na,K,and aza222=Azacryptand[2.2.2])were calculated.The nonlinear optical(NLO)properties of these species were calculated by the BHandHLYP method.The results indicate that the M + aza222M′ - alkalides exhibit very large first hyperpolarizabilities(β 0 )up to 1.0×10 6 a.u.(for M=Li,M′=K).Both the first hyperpolarizabilities and the M-M′distances of M + aza222M′ - were found to depend on the atomic number of the alkali metal atom M(M′).By comparing theβ 0 values of various organic alkalides,aza222 was found to be preferable to the previously investigated complexants in enhancing the first hyperpolarizabilities of alkalides.


FSBI Polyclinic No 1 Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow The review shows the issues of diagnosis in otorhinolaryngology practice, including the methods of olfactory function investigations. We paid attention that the study of the olfactory analyzer should include the assessment of the patient olfactory function using special questionnaires and visual analog scales, measuring the odor threshold and the patient's ability to distinguish and identify odors using sets of odor substances, electrophysiological study and, finally, the olfactory structures analyzer visualization techniques, such as the olfactory cleft, olfactory Groove. We analyzed the therapeutic characteristics of intranasal glucocorticosteroids usage. We showed that the use of budesonide could improve the olfactory function. Treatment using nasal spray budesonide within a year can prevent recurrence of the disease and to avoid surgery in 2/3 (10 from 15) patients.


OBJECTIVE
To describe and evaluate intrastromal and subconjunctival injection of voriconazole for the therapy of deep corneal stromal abscess (DSA) in horses.

ANIMAL STUDIED
A retrospective clinical study describing the indications for intrastromal and subconjunctival voriconazole injection and the outcomes of this procedure in two eyes of two horses.

PROCEDURE
The two horses in this study failed to respond to medical therapy. Treatment with intracorneal and subconjunctival administration of 1% voriconazole was performed in this study.

RESULTS
Treatment with intracorneal and subconjunctival administration of 1% voriconazole was successful in resolving the corneal stromal abscess and the secondary uveitis. Immediate complications from the intracorneal injection occurred, which included corneal stromal lamellar fracture (2/2) and conjunctival hyperemia/chemosis (2/2). Also subconjunctival hemorrhage (1/2) due to the subconjuctival voriconazole injection occurred (2/2). Chronic complications of the intracorneal injection included mild-moderate corneal stromal fibrosis (2/2).

CONCLUSIONS
This procedure may be an effective technique to treat refractory or relapsing DSA in horses. Intracorneal and subconjunctival voriconazole administration results in a visual and cosmetically acceptable globe. In equine DSA cases, the advantages of this technique compared with other medical and surgical approaches to this disease include shortened anesthesia times, minimal resultant scarring and shorter healing times, and lower cost of therapy.


From the feminine viewpoint,the paper gives an analysis on the growth of grandma,mother and daughter in The Thorn Bird,written by Colleen McCullough.By Naturalistic literary comparison and comment,the article believes that The Thorn Bird successfully describes the woman's hard course of self-discovery and self-construction.


The use of osmotic agents in the treatment of all types of glaucoma has recently received impetus from the introduction of urea into clinical ophthalmology. 1 The theoretical superiority of this drug as compared to previously used osmotic solutions has been well substantiated. Its low molecular weight, relatively poor ocular penetrance, and inertness make it eminently successful as an ocular hypotensive agent. However, though the effects of oral urea have been reported, 2 most studies have dealt with the intravenous route of administration. Furthermore, no discussion has appeared relating intraocular pressure to oral urea administration. Consequently, with this latter thought in mind, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods Patients were obtained from the glaucoma clinic of The New York Hospital. Early pilot experiments revealed that absorption of the material was excellent, and that high blood levels could be obtained. A dosage level of 1.5 gm. per kilogram was


The electrical power generation capacity of aerospace electric machines has grown considerably in both modern and future aircraft. While electrical power provides many performance and efficiency advantages, the added capacity also increases the available electrical fault current. Consequently, it is critical to understand the response of the electric machine to a fault and design protection schemes to de-energize the machine in order to mitigate any potential damage to the aircraft.This paper experimentally compares the response time of a wound-field synchronous generator when simultaneously shorting the terminal windings and opening the exciter field windings for no-load and loaded conditions. These results are compared against the response times to fault conditions in which the generator continues excitation throughout the shorting event. This experimental set can be used to empirically evaluate the magnitudes of peak current and the stored energy of the wound-field brushless electrical generating system. A subset of the experimental matrix is used to simulate a crowbar across the generator armature windings.


At the present,a critical problem in China's economic development is unjust income distribution,expansion of income difference and the gap between the haves and have-nots.It has become a factor that influences and restricts the economic development of China.Therefore,on the basis of the national situation in China,this paper points out that we should uphold the guide of a scientific outlook and only a comprehensive reform can be an effective strategy to deal with this problem.


This is an evaluation of 2 methods of data collection which have been used in the U.S. for fertility research. The 1st was a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted as Growth of American Family Series then as National Fertility Studies and then as National Survey of Family Growth. These surveys aimed at a description of aggregate patterns of American fertility behavior and attitudes. Longitudinal data collection was undertaken in the Princeton Fertility Study and the Detroit Area Study by reinterviews at several points with a sample of women. This type of survey aimed at testing a hypothesis regarding the fertility process for individual women or couples. The National Fertility Study of 1970 and 1975 combined the 2 types by reinterviewing a national sample. Longitudinal surveys have the advantage of prospective collection of information which is poorly recalled retrospectively. Cross-sectional studies cost less and do not suffer from attrition biases which flaw longitudinal studies. Evaluation of data collected by cross-sectional surveys requires longitudinal data to assess how reproductive intentions predict actual future fertility and to determine which items are least reliable. Studies of individual attitude change must also rely on longitudinal data. The National Fertility Survey combined collection of prospective and retrospective data.


Nanometer array which is composed of metal,semiconductor,carbon nanotube,polyaniline and other materials,has shown great potential promising application values in many fields,such as storage or conversion of energy and sensor,and so on.This aticle reviews the template synthesis method that nanometer array have been prepared within the pores of track-etch membrane and porous alumina membrane integrated with electrochemical deposition,sol-gel deposition and chemical vapour deposition.In addition,this paper describes the application prospects of nanometer array fabricated by template methed.


10. Peters A. Experiments on the mechanism of silver staining. II. Development. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:103-115. 11. Kiernan JA. Silver staining of axons in subcellular fractions of nervous tissue. Experientia. 1970;26:1352. 12. Grizzle WE. Theory and practice of silver staining in histopathology. J Histotechnol. 1996;19(3):183-195. 13. Clark G. Staining Procedures used by the Biological Stain Commission. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1981. 14. Garvey W. Silver impregnation techniques to identify spirochetes and other bacteria. J Histotechnol. 1996;19:203-209. 15. Churukian CJ. Manual of the Special Stains Laboratory. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Medical Center, 2000. 16. Holmes W. Silver staining of nerve axons in paraffin sections. Anat Rec. 1943;86:157-187. 17. Samuel EP. The mechanism of silver staining. J Anat. 1953;87:278-287. 18. Peters A. Experiments on the mechanism of silver staining. III. Electron microscope studies. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:317-322. 19. James TH, ed. The Theory of the Photographic Process. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1977. 20. Giolli RA. A note on the chemical mechanism of the Nauta-Gygax technique. J Histochem Cytochem. 1965;13:206-210. 21. Wolman M. Studies of the impregnation of nervous tissue elements. II. The nature of the compounds responsible for the impregnation of axons; practical considerations. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:337-341. 22. Horobin RW, Bancroft JD. Troubleshooting Histology Stains. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.


The purpose of the study described was to assess patterns of sociallv adaotive behavior s~ecific to leukemic children who received cranih irradiation as part bf their treatment and to distinguish these patterns from those of nonirradiated leukemia patients. The subjects were 45 children (mean age, 8 years) -31 were treated with cranial irradiation, and 14 were not. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the Wide Range Achievement Test were administered to the children. Parents supplied the child's developmental history and completed the Deasy-Spinetta Behavioral Questionnaire (DSBQ) and the Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Children. Information was obtained from the children's teachers via interviews and the DSBQ. The findings indicated that, as a group, the children treated with cranial irradiation seemed to be at higher risk for subsequent behavioral problems than were nonirradiated children. Also, there was a clear relationship between the lower academic achievement scores of these chi...


To the Editor: In their article on the relatively limited changes that have followed the 1999 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report To Err Is Human, Drs Leape and Berwick correctly argue that complexity, professional fragmentation, individualism, and hierarchical authority structures, along with vague accountability and lack of hospital or health plan leadership, create barriers to team work and individual accountability, prerequisites for a culture of safety in medicine. We wish to draw attention to the critical role that specialty societies can play in advancing patient safety. Specialty societies are ideally positioned to explore how patient safety concepts play out in their individual fields and engage their members in addressing the problem of medical errors. Although many aspects of patient safety are common across diseases, errors and adverse events have important specialty-specific dimensions. For example, in clinical oncology, there may be issues related to errors around the severity, pain, and uncertainty of the patient's condition; the tension inherent in patient-physician communication about cancer; the complexity of cancer diagnosis and treatment; and the toxicity of many cancer therapies, coupled with the prominent role of experimental treatments. The 2005 Annual International Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology offered an educational session on "Medical errors in oncology: patients' and physicians' attitudes and management strategies." A narrative lecture by a journalist and patient with breast cancer was followed by the presentation of ongoing empirical research on patients' and physicians' attitudes regarding error disclosure. Physicians' emotional reactions to errors committed or observed were discussed, along with the ethical implications of medical errors in oncology, focusing on team errors, errors in clinical trials, improper communication, and individual and institutional arrogance. By understanding the problem of medical errors within their specific context, specialty societies can contribute to changing the culture of medicine and to developing effective strategies for reducing errors. How to communicate with patients when harmful errors occur may also be best addressed within each specialty. Silence spoils the trust necessary to the patient-physician relationship and it negatively affects the physician's inner life and moral integrity. Persisting cultural differences in truth-telling with patients who have cancer add to the complexity of medical errors in oncology. Research should also focus on crosscultural analysis of attitudes and practices of disclosure.


In this paper, we review a new image reconstruction algorithm proposed by our research team and comment on the hardware and software implementation for that algorithm. We use Texas Instruments(TI) embedded analog front end(AFE) board and Xilinx FPGA combined with camera interface of freescale i.MX6 microprocessing unit(MPU) for compactness of implementation and develop application program for preview image of raw B-scan image based on software development kit(SDK) firmware integrated development environment(IDE). We use four segment of frame buffer for capturing raw B-scan image and store it to these four segments of frame buffer alternatively and move one segment of frame buffer to the LCD controller to remove and fix the flickering problem in LCD display. We comment on the GPU and CUDA programming for implementing of a new image reconstruction algorithm.


A method was developed for the determination of ethanol in beer by nonlinear chemical fingerprint Technique.First,four 5 mL standard beer samples were taken,and then 0,1,2 and 4 mL 5% ethanol was added respectively,followed by 20 mL 1 mol/L sulfuric acid,4 mL 1.25 mol/L malonic acid,3 mL0.1 mol/L ammonium cerium sulfate; later,the final volume was set to 52 mL with distilled water.At the condition of 37.0 ℃ and 850 r/min,8 mL of 0.8 mol/L sodium bromide was rapidly injected into the sample solution during 4 min constant stirring,thus to record nonlinear chemical fingerprint.Linear regression equations were obtained by analyzing the relationship between the maximum amplitude of the peak and the content of alcohol.These equations could be used for the content determination of ethanol in beer samples from any other brands.The final results indicated that in a certain range of concentration,the linear relationships were good,specifically with the correlation coefficients r of 0.9989- 0.9996,the mean recoveries of 97.1%- 102%,the RSD of 0.4%- 1.7%.Overall,this method is rapid,simple,reproducible,and of high precision,it is a practical and feasible new method for the determination of alcohol content in beer,and could also be used for the determination of other components in those complex samples.


A nonparametric relation is derived between the discrete probability distribution {p i , c i }, assumed for toxin concentration c in individual members of a population, and the probability distribution {P i (n)} of the toxin concentration in n-member samples taken from that population. Here p i is the probability of an individual member having toxin concentration c i , while P i (n) is the probability of an n-sample exhibiting toxin concentration falling in range i of C. An information theoretic basis is given for the number J of indices i required for {P i (n)}. The same number of indices is used for {p i , c i } ; additional values, if needed, are estimated. {P i (n)} is derived from {p i , c i } by multinomial Poisson statistics. Conversely, it is shown how {p i , c i } may be derived from empirical {P i (n)} data when the np i are small, as is commonly the case for aflatoxin contamination of tree nuts. As a first approximation one obtains p i = P i (n)/n and c i = n * C i , where C i is the midpoint of range i of C. Higher approximations are evaluated as well. A basis is thus laid for computing {P i (n)} for a sample size differing from that of the sample actually determined. The results are applied to predicting the probability of a sample of any size exceeding a predetermined level C a .


Nickel doped bismuth vanadate [Bi4(V0.90Ni0.10)2O11−δ;BINIVOX] calcined at 800 ◦C (BINIVOX-800) catalyst is prepared by a solution combustion method. The catalytic activity study is carried in the temperature range of 250–400 ◦C, and with the molar feed ratios of water: ethanol at 23:1 and 2.5:1. The study reveals an increase in the ethanol conversion and selectivity of carbon dioxide & hydrogen but a decrease in the selectivity of carbon monoxide and methane with an increase in temperature and water: ethanol mole ratio. Fresh and used catalysts are characterized using DTA, TGA, XRD and FTIR. XRD results reveal that the fresh catalyst is phase pure γ-BINIVOX. The phase purity and crystallinity of the catalyst is retained after 30 h of activity study.


The economic downfall of U.S.A. in 2008-09 has compelled every nation of the world rethink about their economic parameters. In the wake of globalization, every nation was directly or indirectly affected by this downfall. It was a real challenge to identify the causes of this situation. The important cause that came to surface, surprisingly, was the lack of financial literacy. The thought that the crisis could be prevented by spread of financial literacy has now gained momentum with majority nations investing heavily for dissemination of financial literacy.
One of the important points in the financial education is having low level in financial skills and knowledge which causes making wrong decisions that harm both individuals and societies. Entrepreneurs are the growth engines of both developed and developing economies. The quality of entrepreneurs decides about the economic status of the nation. In India too, entrepreneurship is being given attention increasingly. However, the increasing volume of sick enterprises has become a matter of emergent concern. This paper attempts to briefly review the need of financial education and identify its role in entrepreneurial development.


Large mammals save much of the energy they would otherwise need for running by means of elastic structures in their legs. Kinetic and potential energy, lost at one stage of a stride, is stored temporarily as elastic strain energy and returned later in an elastic recoil. At high speeds, men and kangaroos seem to save in this way more than half the metabolic energy they would otherwise need for locomotion.

It is shown by means of a generalized model that muscles and tendons could both be important as elastic energy stores. Analysis of films and force records of kangaroos hopping shows that strain energy stored while the feet are on the ground must be stored mainly distal to the knee. The principal muscles there have short fibres, and most of the storage must be in tendons. Investigation of camels shows that tendons in the feet, distal to the ankle and wrist, are especially important. The scope for elastic storage while the feet are off the groundis also considered.

Though the evidence presented in this paper comes mainly from a few species, the conclusions presumably apply to large mammals in general.


Abstract The modern Mission Command philosophy in military operations originated with the German concept of Auftragstaktik (mission tactics). It emphasizes in general terms the exercise of disciplined initiatives by subordinates during the execution of mission-type orders in the course of military operations that are conducted within the overall intent of a commander. The present paper contains an overview of the historical evolution of the mission command concept and its application. The paper compares the mission command concept with the detailed or linear method of command. This paper focuses on the relevance of the mission command concept for the Hellenic Land Forces (HLF) in Greece. The paper provides a historical account on when and where mission command was successfully exercised by the Hellenic Armed Forces in the modern military history of Greece. The authors support the premise that the mission command concept is essential for safeguarding Greek national security in the current environment of evolving symmetric and asymmetric threats, and in meeting operational challenges in a diverse and difficult terrain. The paper examines the cultural reasons that have impeded the adoption of the mission command concept within the HLF and recommends a three-phase model for its permanent implementation.


Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings are widely used to improve the biocompatibility of the substrate. In this paper, Ti-based HAP coatings were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method, and the coatings' structure and composition were analyzed by SEM,EDX and IR spectroscopy. When the sputtering conditions were 290 W and 120-180 min, the nano-HAP surface coatings had formed on the surface of Ti-based. The average size of grain was 48nm, and the elemental composition of the coatings was consistent with the HAP coatings. The coating thickness was 513±15~985±25 nm, Ca/P=1.51±0.03~1.84±0.04. After 90 days following the day when Ti-based HAP materials were implanted, bone tissues had covered the surface of the coatings, osteoclasts could be seen, and the bond strength of the coatings had not changed significantly. HAP coatings prepared by the method of RF magnetron sputtering have excellent bioactivity and stability.


In the previous paper, the authors have presented an active control method of surge occurring in a centrifugal compressor, using the control valve which is provided separately from the flow control valve. The surge control valve is operated with the plenum pressure as the feedback signal. In the present paper, the results of the numerical simulation of the surge control by the delayed feedback control are shown. The experimental measurements of surge control using a low flow rate centrifugal compressor have been done. The experimental and numerical results are described and it is shown that the proposed method is effective for control of surge of a centrifugal compressor.


This paper establishes a simple framework for the calculation of expected loss-based Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) required by new regulations. It can be applied to both the expected lifetime loss and the expected loss over a short period, even when the data is less desirable. Its potential applications include loss benchmarking, loan growth strategy, sensitivity test, Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) stress testing and scenario testing.


With the purpose of measuring vibrations on different types of structures, the Department of Civil Engineering of Porto University has developed a simple and low cost data acquisition system based on a personal computer and on two A/D conversion cards. Several computer codes have been developed in order to either sample, view and store series or to go into a more thorough analysis, allowing the construction of the most well-known spectral estimates and particularly the obtention of FRF estimates for different forms of excitation. For the identification of modal parameters, some single or multi-degree-of-freedom algorithms are also available. This system has been used to identify modal parameters from a concrete square 6.6x6.6m2 plate using an impact hammer as a source of excitation and a set of piezoelectric accelerometers as motion transducers. The great consistency of the identified parameters and the good comparison between those results and the corresponding values obtained from a FEM analysis of the plate evidence the good performance of the system and the quality of the analysis.


Two cases were seen in elderly patients in which a carpal tunnel syndrome was present in association with an ununited scaphoid fracture. The carpus had remodelled and the lunate was dorsi-flexed. Its upper end bulged into the tunnel and was the cause of the nerve compression. It was aggravated by associated osteoarthrosis. The two cases were treated surgically by neurolysis and division of the carpal ligament and partial resection of the lunate to restore the normal concavity of the carpus.


111e mid-1990s are rich in anniversary dates of major past events. publications. and people in the broad field of protozoology. l11is fact seems to be especially true for happenings in the arca 01' ciliatology, thus it serves as the principal rationale for the present paper. Discussed here are the many anniversaries typically, ones at 25-. 50-. 75-. and 100-year intervals 01' events and works that have been highly influential in subsequent advances in teaching and research activities involving particularly the ciliated protozoa. Highlighted are the dates of the founding 01' specialized biological societies, dates 01' births or deaths 01' prominent protozoologists 01' past decades and centuries. and publication dates 01' relevant textbooks and 01' selected papers and monographs, particularly in subject areas 01' ecology and taxonomy. Key \Vord: Anniversaries: History: Protozoology.


The Laddermill is a novel concept to harvest electricity from high altitude winds. The concept's operating principle is to drive an electric generator using tethered kites. Several kites are deployed to altitudes of more than 1 km by means of a single cable that is connected to a drum on the groundstation. The upper portion of the cable is connected to the high altitude kites, whereas the lower portion of the cable remains wound around the drum. The kites are controlled to pull the cable from the drum, which in turn drives a generator.


A Proofs A.1 Proof of Lemma 3.1 Proof. This is a well-known result; we prove it for completeness (see also Tibshirani et al. (2019) for an identical proof). Given support points v1, . . . , vn ∈ R for a discrete distribution F , let q = Quantile(β;F ). Any points vi > q do not affect this quantile, i.e., if we consider a new distribution F̃ where all points vi > q are mapped to arbitrary values also larger than q. then Quantile(β;F ) = Quantile(β; F̃ ). Accordingly, for the nonconformity scores Vi, we have that Vn+1 > Quantile(β;V1:n ∪ {∞})⇐⇒ Vn+1 > Quantile(β;V1:(n+1)).


A student will be assigned to an instructional group or classroom which will best serve the needs of that individual. Factors to be considered in classroom assignments are class size, peer relations, student-teacher relations, learning style of the individual students and teaching style of the individual teachers and any other variables that will affect the performance of the student. Age or grade differences should not constitute a barrier to grouping for instruction. The criteria for grouping should be based upon the learning goals and objectives being addressed and the student's ability to achieve those purposes.


Advertising plays a key role in almost every firm's market ing strategy. This paper investigates two relatively unex plored areas of advertising: (1) the optimal amount of in formation an ad should contain, and (2) what information an ad should contain. An application to point-of-purchase ad vertising (store displays) is given.


[Purposes]This study aims at understanding and grasping the content operation strategy fundamentally for the traditional academic publishers in an open information environment,and providing a reference for the development of academic publishing.[Methods]The institute of physics publishing( Io PP),a representative body from association publishers,was selected for the study,and its content operation strategies were analyzed in recent years,including co-publishing,academic value and open access.[Findings]The Io PP focuses on the good communication between physics organizations and individuals around the world,the active use of knowledge integration and knowledge discovery methods,and the support for open access movement. [Conclusions]Traditional academic publishers should pay attention to the collaboration with researchers,academic institutions and libraries in content development process,the processing and integration of academic resources in content organization process,and the use of open access in content distribution process.


List of Exhibits on DiskettePrefaceIntroduction Part One: Introducing Action Learning One: What is Action Learning? Two: Why Use Action Learning? Part Two: Facilitating Action Learning Three: How Can Situtations Appropriate for Action Learning Be Recognized? Four: How Should the Members of an Action Team Be Recruited, Selected , and Oriented? Five: What is the Team Facilitatora s Role in Action Learning? Six: How Can Action Learning Be Applied to Solving Problems and Developing People? Seven: How Can Action Learning Be Applied to Training Design? Part Three: Pointing Toward the Future Eight: How Should Action Learning Be Evaluated?


Research on biodegradable plastics in developed countries has applied in plastic industries. However, since the price is generally still much higher than that of conventional plastics, the production is limited for special applications. On the other hand, in recent decades research on oxo-degradable plastic has been growing rapidly. In the presence of ultra-violet or heat, addition of prodegradant to conventional polyolefins accelerate oxidation on the polymer chains. Furthermore, degraded polymer chains can be bioassimilated by naturally-occuring microorganism as a carbon source for the metabolism. Commonly used prodegradants are salt from stearic with transition-metals such as Co, Cu, Mn, etc. This paper discusses the studies of oxo-degradable plastics, as well as prodegradants and its influence on the molecular weight reduction, carbonyl index, mineralization, loss of mechanical properties and damage on plastic surfaces, pointing that the degradation was carried out on the polyolefins. Imported additive has been used in several industrial plastic packaging bags in Indonesia. Keywords: oxo-degradable, prodegradant, polyolefin


Today, low-tech firms in high-wage countries are focusing on increasing investments in highly skilled labour and advanced machinery, incremental innovation and high value-added niches. Danish policy, however, gives little attention to the new specificities of low-tech manufacturing, and the understanding of innovation in national and regional strategies is dominated by a science-based perspective. There is a strong policy focus on human capital and research and development in manufacturing. Human capital is vital to manufacturing in general, but the latter is of less importance for low-tech firms. Conversely, user–producer interactions and machinery investments, which are critical to low-tech competitiveness, are disregarded by policies.


The present invention relates to a brake device (1) for a vehicle drive slip control, having: a) operating brake valve (4), the brake valve actuating generated depending on at least one outlet (8) in accordance with the manipulation pressure; b) a valve means (40), the valve device according to a first switch position a pressure medium reservoir tank (12) and a second switch position according to at least one 2/2 solenoid valve (46) directly or indirectly connected to at least one brake actuator (30); wherein, c) at least one 2/2 solenoid valve (46) on the one hand and an outlet brake valve (4) to (8) and on the other hand is connected to the valve means (40) a first interface (42). The present invention provides, at least a 2/2 solenoid valve (46) and the valve device (40) can be so controlled by a control means (34), i.e., d) in order to drive slip control, 2/2 solenoid valve (46) switched to the on position and the valve means (40) is switched to a first switch position, and e) in order to generate at least one brake actuator (30) in the base pressure from the pressure medium reservoir tank 12) (on the medium the brake pressure predetermined level, 2/2 solenoid valve (46) to the closed position and the valve means (40) is switched to a first switch position.


Availability of precipitation data at high spatial and temporal resolution is crucial for the understanding of precipitation behaviors that are determinant for environmental aspects such as hydrology, ecology, and social aspects like agriculture, food security, or health issues. This study evaluates the performance of 3B42-V7 satellite-based precipitation product on extreme precipitation estimates in China, by using the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm and L-moment-based regional frequency analysis method. The China Gauge-based Daily Precipitation Analysis (CGDPA) product is employed to measure the estimation biases of 3B42-V7. Results show that: (1) for most regions of China, the Generalized Extreme Value and Generalized Normal distributions are preferable for extreme precipitation estimates; (2) the extreme precipitation estimations of 3B42-V7 for different return periods have a high correlation with those of CGDPA, with biases within 25% for a majority of China on extreme precipitation estimates.