Objective: Vitamin D deficiency can cause pain and disability in many diseases. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is a common reason for shoulder pain. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D and the clinical features in patients with SAIS. Methods: Patients with SAIS were evaluated, and age, gender, affected side, disease duration, 25-OH vitamin D, and other laboratory tests were recorded from patients' files. Also, patients' data on shoulder visual analog scale (VAS), shoulder range of motions (ROMs), and scores of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) were obtained. The patients were grouped according to their 25-OH vitamin D levels. (Group 1: <10 ng/mL, Group 2: 10-20 ng/mL, and Group 3: >20 ng/mL). Demographic and clinical features were compared between groups, and the relation of vitamin D with VAS, DASH scores, and ROMs were investigated. Results: Eighty patients with SAIS were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 51.99±11.14 years. There were 35 female and 25 male patients. The mean disease duration was 6.32 months. VAS was statistically higher in Group 1 compared to Group 3. Also, shoulder pain was negatively correlated with 25-OH vitamin D level. There was no statistically significant relation between the 25-OH vitamin D level and DASH score or the 25-OH vitamin D level and shoulder ROMs. Conclusion: Severe deficiency of vitamin D increases shoulder pain in patients with SAIS. Vitamin D deficiency should be taken into consideration in patients with severe shoulder pain in SAIS.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Spin Dynamics in Exchange Biased Co/FeMn Bilayers1 JEFFREY PARKER, MUN CHAN, MELISSA HAUGEN, BRUCE BOLON, CHRIS LEIGHTON, PAUL CROWELL, University of Minnesota — We report a study of the spin dynamics in exchange biased Co/FeMn bilayers using time resolved Kerr microscopy (TKRM) with sub-nanosecond resolution. Samples were prepared via UHV dc magnetron sputter deposition onto a Si/SiOx substrate at room temperature in an applied field of 300 Oe. Deposition of a 30nm Cu buffer layer allowed for (111) textured growth of the subsequent Co/FeMn layers. In all samples the Co thickness was held constant at 6nm, while the FeMn thickness, t, was varied between 0 and 20nm. In accordance with previous work we found a room temperature critical thickness of the FeMn layer of approximately 3.5nm and a broad peak in the coercivity at this thickness. For low FeMn thickness a noticable asymmetry occurs in the magnetization hysteresis loops only for temperatures below the blocking temperature. TRKM is used to probe the dynamic response of the magnetization to fast magnetic field pulses. The different reversal mechanisms on either side of the hysteresis loop were probed by both the static and dynamic magnetization of the films as a function of temperature (between 40 and 450 K), and applied field. 1Research supported by the NSF MRSEC program under DMR-0212032 Jeffrey Parekr University of Minnesota Date submitted: 30 Dec 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


Recently, Friction stir consolidation (FSC) is a solid-state manufacturing and recycling process for metal scrap, hence, becoming much important side to convert the metal scrap into finish or semi-finished products. In contrast with the conventional process or re-melting process, the FSC advantage that lower metal waste, environmentally friendly and low cost. In This research, investigated the feasibility to produce a fully dense cylindrical billet from milling machine chips of aluminium alloy type (AA2024-T3) by using an FSC process, the chips plunged onto a hollow cylindrical die by a rotating tool. The chips softening due to the friction heat generation and subjected to the dynamic recrystallization DRX and high plastic deformation. The process was done with different values of rotation speed tool, plunging depth of the tool and preheating time. A 20 mm diameter coherent cylindrical billet with four highs (20, 25, 30, and 35)mm were obtained. The quality of the obtained billets is evaluated through morphological observation.


A review on the current state of the art in emulsion science, with emphasis on the formulation-compn. mapping of emulsion properties. Emulsion properties depend mainly upon three kinds of variables ...


The general direct coupling between four fermions is studied. It is a linear combination of the five invariants used in β-decay theory. Altering the order of the particles in the Hamiltonian changes only the coefficients of the linear combination. The formalism of charge conjugation is used with the ordinary theory or the Majorana abbreviated theory for neutral particles. This is applied to the study of the decay of the μ-meson into an electron and two neutrinos.


This article is dedicated to the characteristics of how intercultural indication brings out surrounded by undergraduates during the progression of their lincoln education. It is essential to remuneration consideration to and evaluation the subject-matter of stereotypes in the cognitive semantics of underdeveloped intercultural indication readiness in progression to chalk up an all-inclusive compassionate of the sophistication of the communication continuance studied. on the authority of the article, continuance prearranged for cross-cultural indication press for an integrative individual contemporary materialization that incorporates the highest commensurate of social, functional, and sociocultural competencies. It furthermore press for at littlest an introductory compassionate of a strange communication extremely as linguistic and ethnical placements and communicatory skills. The originators attraction the determination that studying a strange communication proffers unconditionally unparalleled possibilities for underdeveloped students' intercultural indication preparedness. Undergraduates chalk up a hold together consciousness of communication as a collective phenomena when they become versed a contemporary language, which furthermore lend a hand them to constitute their cognitive, linguistic, and enthusiastic skills


The rapid development of IT technologies has led to the achievement of new modern, performant equipment which should meet the actual requirements concerning the electromagnetic pollution. Inside the office buildings, houses, schools it is used more often the wireless access to the internet of the accounting technique (computer networks, laptops, tablets, etc.) by using routers. This article presents a synthesis of the experimental measurements carried out to determine the electromagnetic field emissions of electronic equipment (mobile phones, laptops, routers) specific to domestic and industrial applications. The experimental determinations were performed in the laboratory of Electromagnetic Compatibility within the National Institute for Research Development and Testing in Electrical Engineering of Craiova (ICMET). The experimental results had the purpose to verify if the electromagnetic field emissions values are within the range of the accepted limits regulated by the rules in force regarding the electromagnetic compatibility. Keywords— dipole antenna, electromagnetic compatibility, laptop, router, wireless devices.


Pesantren is a basis for the development of human values. Education in pesantren pay attention to aspects of human potential as well as religious social beings, as well as individuals who have the potential to unleash capacities. This study sought to uncover implementation education in Pesantren Sya'fii Akrom whose perspective is religious humanism. The field research revealed that the process of learning between teachers and students occurs with intense interaction patterns that uphold human values and religion, so that education in pesantren Shafii Akrom is called religious humanism education. The values of love for others, mutual respect and respect, patience, perseverance, discipline, sincerity, as well as commanding the good and forbidding the evil activities (social control), becoming an integral part of education at the school.


Abstract : Information is the lifeblood of any organization. In an era where governmental budgeting is becoming more complex and more significant, operations without the aid of an effective management information system is difficult at best. Prior to the implementation of any management information system, a sound all-encompassing data base is essential. This thesis proposes information requirements to such a data base to be utilized by Coast Guard district level program managers when making budgetary decisions.


Low maize grain yield due to drought and low N stresses maybe overcome by growing tolerance hybrid maize varieties. The objectives of this research were to analyze the combining ability of eight inbred lines possessing those traits and indentify suitable parental inbred lines which can be used to develop single cross hybrid tolerant to drought and low nitrogen. Eight inbred lines were crossed using complete diallel cross design of Griffing's- I on Februry to June, 2014. Those inbred lines were 1044-30, DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B (for drought tolerance), MR 14 (medium drought tolerance), G20133077 (tolerant to low N), CY 11, CLRCY039 (medium tolerant to low N), and CY12 and G2013631 (for drought and low N sensitive). Fifty-six experimental hybrids derived from diallel crosses, eight inbred lines and four commercial hybrid varieties as checks were evaluated under managed drought, low dosage of N fertilization and under optimum condition, during the dry season (July to October) of 2014. Randomized complete block design three replications was used in each different stress condition. The results showed that CY 11, G2013631, and MR 14 inbred lines possesed good general combining ability (GCA) for grain yield under drought, low N, and optimum conditions. These inbred lines also showed good GCA for the secondary traits such as large stem, delayed leaf rolling and late leaf senescence to support for high grain yield under drought stress and low N condition. Inbred lines of drought and low N sensitive such as G2013631, but had high GCA, could be used as parent to develop drought and low N tolerance hybrids if crossed with inbred lines having medium-tolerant to drought or tolerant to low N, such as G20133077, which had low DGU, or CY11 which had high GCA. Hybrid maize tolerant to drought and tolerant to low N, such as CY11 x G20133077, G20133077 x G2013631, and CY 11 x G2013631, produced significantly higher grain yield, over 8 t/ha, under drought and under low N, as compared with hybrid varieties Bima 3 and Bisi 2, which yielded 5.91 and 6.59 t/ha under drought, and 6.82 and 7.01 t/ha under low N condition. Grain yields under optimum condition were positively correlated with those under both drought and low N conditions. The result suggests that it is possible for improving grain yield of hybrid maize, simultaneously for optimum, drought stress and low N conditions.


This research is conducted to identifo and find a solution to design an innovative pattern which can reduce fabric remanents. The design are focuses on Evening Wear, Casual
Wear and office Wear with the application of natural fabric such as cotton, linen and silk. Darts, rubber and gathers techniques are applied to reduce fabric waste on the
pattern layout.


In this paper, a mechanistic model is first constructed to predict three-dimensional cutting forces, and the uncut chip thickness is calculated by following the movements of the position of the center of a cutter, which varies with the nominal feed, cutter deflection and runout. For general implementation to a real machining, this paper presents the method that determines constant cutting force coefficients, irrespective of the cutting conditions or cutter rotation angles. In addition, this study presents the approach which estimates runout-related parameters, the runout offset and its location angle, using only one measurement of cutting forces.
 For more accurate cutting force predictions, the size effect has to be considered in the cutting force model. In this paper, two approximate methods are suggested since the strict approach is practically impossible due to a measurement problem. The size effect is individually considered for narrow and wide cuts.


This paper examines and clarifies the opinions of residents about the improvement of a narrow and dangerous footpath alongside main traffic route (the Kioroshi road), where the environment has not been improved over numerous years. By the analysis, it is clarified that the opinions of landowners for improvement of the environment are different from those of pedestrians. So, we study how to fill the gap and to improve the environment by residents. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) by knowing the opinion of the landowners, the ideas of pedestrians change to improve the environment together with landowners, 2) the women between the age of forty and forty-nine are thought as the key person for connecting community members of region..3) it is important to recognize that "niwadoushi" which was adopted for widening the footpath at this area in the past is an effective method for improvement of community environment and ancestral wisdom for this area.


— The ECG a tool, which records the electrical activity of heart. Electrical signals from the heart generally precede the ordinary mechanical function and monitoring of those signals has clear medical significance. ECG is used in catherization laboratories, heart care units and for routine diagnostic applications in cardiology. Noise is an unwanted hassle to attain spike loose ECG signal. To cast off this problem we use various filters. In this paper we take an outline of all filters which do away with noise from ECG signal .Filter used like FIR, smoothing, Golay, Gaussian etc. In this paper we survey on all kind of filter out that's utilized in to acquire noise free signal. Removing motion artifacts from an electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the crucial troubles to be taken into consideration at some stage in actual-time heart rate measurements in telemetric health care. However, motion artifacts are part of the temporary baseline exchange resulting from the electrode motions which might be the effects of a topic's movement. The work is based on digital signal processing (DSP) techniques with MATLAB package, as an extra work that allows us to achieve the goal of theme it will additionally be investigated and implemented for the elimination of harmonics (hum) and high frequency noise from ECG signal by way of the usage of smart notch rejection filters, which can be partial milestone for the project.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of δ-fuzzy ideals and α-level principal δ-fuzzy ideals in an MS-algebra and study basic properties of these ideals with respect to homomorphisms. It is observed that the class of all δ-fuzzy ideals forms a complete distributive lattice and the class of all α-level principal δ-fuzzy ideals forms a de Morgan algebra. A characterization of δ-fuzzy ideals in terms of α-level principal δ-fuzzy ideals is given. MSC: 06D99, 06D05, 06D30.


You're born alone, you die alone; and in between you cheat yourself out of that realization as agreeably as you can. R. O. Lenkiewicz 'Nothing haunts the mind more deeply than the plain fact of a thing'. This maxim informed artist Robert Lenkiewicz's approach both to figurative painting and to his collection of death-related artefacts. In 1984 he created the ultimate memento mori – the embalmed remains of a human being. The corpse was that of a vagrant, Edwin Mackenzie (1912–1984), called Diogenes by The Putrefaction of Diogenes Postponed Memento mori in the work of Robert O. Lenkiewicz (1941–2002)


Aphrodite Terra is the largest elevated terrain on Venus and it serves as a focal point in current discussions of global tectonic style. Using the topography and gravity data acquired by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) the authors have estimated an effective depth of Airy compensation for each of 75 orbital arcs that provide fairly uniform areal coverage of the entire province. The most pronounced pattern that emerges is a general increase in compensation depth to the east. The most rapid change occurs near 135{degree}; the average west of there is 70 km, while the average to the east is 230 km. Superimposed on this larger trend are five distinctive regional patterns, four well defined peaks and one interval of widely scattered and poorly constrained depths. The maxima in compensation depth are well correlated with regional topographic highs. While these observations are easily reconciled with the general notion that Aphrodite is a region of crustal divergence, the great depth of compensation is difficult to accord with the more specific suggestion that Aphrodite is a terrestrial type divergent plate margin. The alternative suggestion that Aphrodite, and the other equatorial highlands on Venus, are surface manifestations of hot upwelling mantle plumes ismore » consistent both with the great depths of compensation and with the pattern of regional peaks and intervening troughs. The broader scale increase in effective depth of compensation from west to east is more enigmatic, but it might reflect an age progression of the plumes.« less


Recently we proposed a pre-layout estimation method of intra-cell parasitics based on topology analysis [1]. Although the paper showed that the parasitics inside simple cells could be estimated very accurately, it performs a poor estimation on complex cells. Additionally, even for such simple cells, it requires a deliberate calibration to obtain accurate estimates. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new estimation method based on a fast transistor-level placement algorithm. Our experiment on an industrial standard cell library demonstrates the validity of the new method.


In this fi rst book on the subject by a sociologist, Dunn offers a wide-ranging, thought-provoking, and sensitive examination of the lived experience of intimate stalking victimization. In exploring the ways in which we socially construct and confer meaning upon intimate violence, the author draws upon interviews with stalkers and victims, courtroom testimony, analyses of case reports, and an independent survey instrument that reveals ambivalence of the prevailing culture to the problem. Courting Disaster will be valuable in women's studies and counseling courses and a useful text in sociology and criminology.


This work presents an application for automatically placing sub-modules of an ALU to create a layout design. This process is made as easy to use as possible by utilizing a webpage environment as the user interface. The user is offered a selection of available modules and can place them on a grid, creating a final design with the desired characteristics. This application, although a bit limited on its own, stands as a proof of concept for a future project with a bigger scope, even on the CPU core level.


Most children learn social skills from interaction with others—other children, family members, friends, and adults. Some children with disabilities need to learn social skills more directly. This may include the use of a specific curriculum and the use of individualized methods. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of social skills training on social skill developme nt and on student behavior. It was hypothesized that using instructional strategies fo r teaching social skills such as modeling, role playing, positive reinforcement, pra ctice/rehearsal, incidental teaching, prompting, and coaching would help students initiate and develop positive social relationships with others, cope effectively with the behavioral demands and expectations of specific settings, and appropriatel y communicate and assert one's needs, desires, and preferences. The eight childre n with special needs who were identified as at-risk for social adjustment problem s showed a significant improvement following the intervention.


In this working paper, we investigate high-level changes in the online strategic communications of organizations engaged with SDG 8.7 (ending modern slavery) during the COVID-19 crisis. We present preliminary evidence of important semantic and thematic shifts based on data from Twitter during this time, with an emphasis on developing the SOLACE (Social Listening and Communications Engagement) dashboard, and with recommendations for important future research involving the use of social media data as a basis for distilling organizational-agenda proxies based on digital campaigns and activism during times of crisis.


A dopant-segregation technique for junction engineering has been demonstrated on trigate transistors using a process flow that does not include raised source/drain epitaxy. It is shown that the dopant-segregation technique reduces the OFF-state leakage current and improves the ON-state performance for NFET devices when compared with control devices built using conventional junction engineering. The dopant-segregation process has no observable impact on PFET device performance.


This study emphasizes on examining the moderating effect of Investment
Opportunity Sets (IOS) in the relation between Capital Expenditures and
Uncertainty of Future Earnings. I estimated that the IOS can mitigate the positive
effect of capital expenditures to Uncertainty of future earnings. Since, the greater
the IOS, the firm will have more option in valuable investments which have more
certain return. Thus, by executing those valuable investments, firm can reduce its
future earnings uncertainty that is caused by the capital investment. This study
also can reveal the investment behavior of Indonesian firms, especially the
manufacturing firms. By using 299 samples which are taken from 80 listed
manufacturing firms from 2006- 2009, it found that the capital expenditures have
positive effect towards the uncertainty of future earnings. Moreover, the IOS is
proven to be able to mitigate that positive effect and make the effect become
negative. Therefore, the manufacturing firms in Indonesia are proven to be able to
execute the valuable opportunity and invest in the prospective investment


: In the present time, sales management has gained importance due to increasing competition and there is always a need for improved methods of distribution to reduce cost and to increase profits. In respect to commercial and business enterprise sales management, today is considered to be the most important function. Retail marketing is the process by which retailers not only promote their products, create awareness and interest among the consumers but is also an effort to generate sales. There are different approaches and strategies which retailers can use to market their goods and service. This paper attempts to explain the sales and distribution activities in V-Mart. The study discusses the sales promotion activities carried out by V- Mart and find out responses of customers towards sales promotional activities carried out for V-Mart. An Attempt has been made to examine the widely accepted sales promotional activity by customers of V-Mart. It discusses how sales management is relevant and facilitates the directions for proper functioning. This paper briefly presents the global scenario of the retail industry. Due to emerging challenges in the retail sector, the role of sales and distribution in the retail industry has also become very complex. The paper revolves around the sales promotion activities of V-Mart . This research paper also tries to analyze the customer's view towards sales promotional offers and other different sales promotional tools used by V-Mart.


Jane Franklin was the wife of John Franklin, Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land from January 1837 to August 1843. He finished his term under a cloud. It was claimed, at the time and later, that by interfering improperly in politics, Jane Franklin did much to cause this. This paper will examine whether she did interfere in politics and, if so, with what result.


The invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding double-wide narrow-groove welding method and belongs to the technical field of laser welding processing. The welding method is implemented through the following step: performing welding on a plate having a joint groove to be abutted after MSG (Metal Shield Gas) arcs are applied on the two opposite sides of a laser beam and welding wires are filledon the two sides of the laser beam, respectively. The welding method is capable of realizing single-pass penetration laser welding of a medium plate which is more than 10 mm thick, so that welding has not only low heat input, but also high filling capability; the allowed groove depth can be 9 mm; and compared with the single laser welding and the conventional laser-arc hybrid welding, the laser power requested by the welding method provided by the invention can be reduced.


Management of high patient loads at tertiary hospitals presents a significant challenge in streamlining healthcare service delivery. Patients often need to queue up at various service areas in hospitals such as at registration, laboratory test and bill payment counters. Queue Management Systems (QMS) present a viable solution for patient management in such scenarios. However, conventional QMS are not generic by design, depend on hardware components or do not provide a comprehensive end-to-end solution that caters to the complete patient workflow. This paper presents a mobile-augmented smart queue management system that can be easily configured with an operational Hospital Management Information System (HMIS). It provides multiple interfaces for token generation and consumption on mobile devices integrated with hospital service counters, while using smart algorithms for token generation and allocation. The solution is comprehensive as that it caters to streamlined queue management across multiple hospital service areas using a single token for a patient, which improves patient experience and also helps the hospital administration track and optimize key performance metrics. We present the architectural and operational design of this system, along with an illustration of the use of this system in tracking productivity of service counter operators in a pilot implementation.


Key messages 1. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are highly preventable with optimal care. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of the disease burden and of the Indigenous/non-Indigenous health gap in Australia. 2. An absolute risk approach to CVD is recommended nationally and internationally as a lifeand cost-saving intervention. 3. The vast majority of people at high risk of CVD are not receiving recommended treatment, representing a massive missed opportunity to reduce CVD burden in Australia. 4. Revisions to the MBS health assessment items would be an effective mechanism to improve best practice CVD care in Australia.


Thin films of cadmium selenide were prepared for the first time by spray pyrolysis technique using non-toxic selenosulphate on clean glass, titanium and conducting glass substrates, at substrate temperature in the range of 300 to 500 degree(s)C. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical absorption, photo conductivity and photo electro chemical studies.


Software-based process control is finding increased use in the nuclear industry. Because, unlike hardware, software can be easily endowed with very complex functionality, it is vulnerable to errors resulting from its own possible design complexity. To evaluate and limit the risk of safety-critical process control software applications, it may be essential to develop tools to model and analyze digital control system software design to enforce a disciplined process of software specification. Although it would also be desirable to well integrate the modeling and analysis of the hardware and software components of a digital control system, past practice has generally kept the hardware and software portions of the systems assurance analysis almost completely separate. This paper introduces a new technique, the dynamic flowgraph methodology (DFM), which provides an integrated modeling framework for both the hardware and software portions of digital control systems and produces hardware/software fault trees that can be used for probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of such systems.


Dimethyl aminoethyl azide (DMAZ) is a liquid fuel in the space industry. Although this fuel is non-carcinogenic, its wastewater suffers from some hazardous pollutants, such as sodium azide (NaN3). A hybrid process of coagulation–flocculation and chemical reaction with nitrous acid was applied for the wastewater treatment. The Taguchi method was used for the process optimization. Coagulant concentration, rapid mixing intensity, duration time, CAMP number and settlement time were found to be effective parameters for the efficiency of the former process. Turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) of the wastewater were used to track the removal efficiency in the first stage. The complete removal efficiency was achieved. In the latter process, NaN3 was removed using a reaction with nitrous acid. pH of the wastewater was optimized as the controlling factor in the second process. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NaN3 removals of 98.9, 98.2 and 96.3% were obtained under the optimum conditions, respectively. As a result, a reduction of 91.9% in turbidity, 98.5% in TSS, 98.5% in BOD, 98.1% in COD and 96.7% in NaN3 concentration were observed in the output of the wastewater.


According to earthquake emergence response,post-earthquake relief,and technique support systems in China presently,we use the routineshortest model of supplying and marketing to form a solution to deal with the goods and materials distribution.This solution needs some calculation made on a table and tries to find an optimal assignment scheme.With this solution we make the distribution of the good and materials for disaster areas more effective.


This paper investigates the connection between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Nigeria during the period 2000Q1–2020Q2 using an Autoregressive Distributed lag model. We control for the influence of several macroeconomic variables, including treasury bill rate, government expenditure and trade openness. The bounds cointegration test confirms a long run relationship between economic growth and the included variables. Our results show that foreign direct investment impacts positively on economic growth in the long run, albeit insignificantly. These results are robust to alternative sample size and the inclusion of additional variables that represent alternative investment outlets for non-residents, such as portfolio investment (PFI) and OMO bills. Our results highlight the need for the promotion of an investment-friendly environment as a way of boosting foreign direct investment and sustaining economic growth in Nigeria.


As international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions are becoming stricter, the development of eco-friendly main engines is required for ocean-going ships. To use cryogenic LNG as a fuel for marine engines, it has to be converted to gas. This processing device is called an LNG regasification system. This paper presents a DS-based PID controller for glycol temperature control of a regasification system for LNG-fueled marine engines. In controller design, linear PID controllers have something of a catch-22 relationship: Fast response requires a large gain, which results in a large overshoot. To solve this problem, a DS-based 2-DOF PID controller is considered, which consists of a PID controller to reject disturbances in regulatory response and a set-point filter to reduce overshoot in servo response. The controller design focuses on improving disturbance rejection performance. The DS method is based on comparing the desired closed-loop characteristic equation with the closed-loop characteristic equation consisting of a control object and PID controller. The proposed controller is applied to the glycol temperature control of the regasification system for LNG-fuel marine engines, and its performance is compared with existing methods to show its effectiveness and applicability.


Objectives To investigate the pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in China, analyse the differences between different subgroups, and explore the trend over the 32-year period from 1988 to 2020. Methods All potential studies related to the prevalence of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in China were identified from 3 English-language databases and 4 Chinese-language databases. Pooled prevalence was calculated to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy among 0-18 years old and different geographical regions in China, using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Continuous fractional polynomial regression modelling was used to estimate the trend in prevalence of cerebral palsy over time. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to investigate heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to explore potential publication bias. Results The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy over the study period among 0–18 years old and different geographical regions in China was 2.07‰ (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.66–2.47‰), and the prevalence of cerebral palsy was higher in males compared with females (2.25‰ vs 1.59‰), and in rural residents compared with urban residents (2.75‰ vs 1.90‰), respectively. The prevalence of cerebral palsy varied significantly between different geographical regions. In subjects with birthweights < 2.5 and > 4 kg, the prevalence of cerebral palsy was significantly higher than in subjects with birthweights between 2.5 and 4 kg. The trend in pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy increased continuously over the period studied, and could be divided into 3 stages; the mean annual increase in prevalence from 1988 to 1996 and from 2008 to 2019 was more rapid. Multivariate meta-regression found that the year of study was one of the sources of heterogeneity among overall prevalence. (p-value = 0.006). Conclusion The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy over the 32-year period from 1988 to 2020 was 2.07‰. There was an increasing trend in prevalence of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in China over this period. LAY ABSTRACT There are few reports regarding trends in childhood cerebral palsy in China over the past 30 years. This study searched and statistically analysed all potentially relevant studies regarding cerebral palsy. The trend in childhood cerebral palsy in China increased continuously over the period studied, and could be subdivided into 3 stages. From 1988 to 1996, and from 2008 to 2019, the mean annual increase in prevalence was more rapid than for the other years studied. Counter-measures, such as health monitoring and management of infants and young children, are recommended to reduce the prevalence of childhood cerebral palsy in China.


S OF COMMUNICATIONS The Four Hundred and Thirtieth Meeting of the Nutrition Society was heM in the Curtis Auditorium, University of Newcastle upon Tyne on Tuesday and Wednesday, I 611 7 September 1986, when the following papers were read: at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19870020 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 184.108.40.206, on 30 Oct 2018 at 09:13:51, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available Vol. 46 Meeting of 16/17 September 1986 29A Dose-related effects on hay intake of acetate i n f d into the nunen of lactating cow8. By M. H. ANIL, J. N. MBANYA, H. W. SYMONDS and J. M. FORBES, Department of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT The end-products of fermentation in the ruminant stomach are potential feedback signals in the control of food intake as well as being major energy sources (Baile & Forbes, 1974). Intraruminal infusion of acetate depresses intake in cattle (Bhattacharya & Warner, 1968; Montgomery et al. 1963) but these experiments were carried out on dry cows and no dose-response relation was demonstrated. It would be anticipated that greater amounts of acetate would be required to depress intake in lactating cows, where acetate is removed more rapidly from the rumen. Seven men-fistulated lactating cows were used in an experiment of Latinsquare design. They were given free access to ryegrass hay; in addition, compound food was given three times a day in amounts which depended on the stage of lactation. Treatments involved 3-h intraruminal infusions of 4.5 litres water containing 0-1500 g sodium acetate. Voluntary intake of hay was monitored and rumen fluid samples were taken every 30 min for pH measurement and volatile fatty acid analysis. The Table shows the weight of hay eaten during the infusion and for the subsequent 2 h, when acetate concentrations were still raised. Wt of sodium acetate infused (g/3 h)


When smart phone are being so popular in this modern era, every user inspires the huge demand of real-time information. Watching instant news, amateur video on smartphone become the mainstream of how medias flowing and become part of our daily life. Some user with a heart of adventure love to share what they experiences with the eye in the smartphone, but it's a pity there are huge percentage of naïve user in the world, sharing a video to internet is a "mission impossible" to them. No wonder how much interesting contents lie hidden in the memory in people's smartphone. Think of how many curious users want to pry about what is happening in the city they living? How many users want to see the scene of a match in gymnasium? How much audiences want have an instant view in mountain bike racer and knowing where are they use pass through? On the market, there is lot of live broadcasting platform, some provide video on demand (VOD) services, some provide Global Position System (GPS) tracking on initial recording spot, some provide live broadcasting, and some provide mobile live function. However this is very rare have a solution that integrates all of these features. Summarized all of the proposed reasons, It brings out the necessary to this project. This project aims to study the existing video-sharing application with related


Abstract Background In the context of common surgical procedures in pediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) patients, providing for education to families for hospitalization, surgery, and postoperative home management has been shown to improve peri-operative outcomes. In this regard, the use of Mobile Health Applications (MHA) is increasing. However, for these tools to be needs-appropriate and effective, their development requires a user-centred approach. Methods Our study aimed to explore the informational needs and preferences - in terms of features and functionalities - of health care providers and ORL patients' caregivers (end-users) to inform the development of an MHA supporting ORL peri-operative process effectively. The study was conducted at a 136-bed maternal and child health hospital in Trieste. A user-centred participatory study design was employed, and the methodology steps were informed by the 3 cycles of the Information System Research Framework (Schnall et al., 2016). Results The Relevance cycle was performed to better understand the environment as well as end users' (64 participants) informational needs and desired features for the MHA. Five critical information/education moments of the ORL perioperative period were identified. In the Rigour cycle a literature review was performed to identify further key topics relevant to understanding ORL end-users' needs and relevant features for the MHA. In the Design cycle the final contents were defined to be displayed on the MHA spread across the 5 identified moments. A randomized controlled trial will then be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the MHA compared to standard care. Conclusions Triangulation of data sources collected by experts, ORL patients' caregivers, and healthcare professionals ensured the rigour of the methodology adopted in the study. Moreover, such a MHA user-centred developed MHA favours end-users positive health outcomes and organizational benefits of health services. Key messages Contextualizing, and responding to the health informational needs and intent to use by end users is a critical foundation for the design and adoption of MHA in a maternal and child health hospital. To implement MHA quality in the process of children ORL health management and family consumer satisfaction, user-centred design methods are needed and feasible.


The adverse impact of deepfakes has recently raised world-wide concerns. Many ways of deepfake detection are published in the literature. The reported results of existing methods are generally good under known settings. However, the robustness challenge in deepfake detection is not well addressed. Most detectors fail to identify deepfakes that have undergone post-processing. Observing that the conventionally adopted RGB space does not guarantee the best performance, we propose other color spaces that prove to be more effective in detecting corrupted deepfake videos. We design a robust detection approach that leverages an adaptive manipulation trace extraction network to reveal artifacts from two color spaces. To mimic practical scenarios, we conduct experiments to detect images with post-processings that are not seen in the training stage. The results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods, boosting the average detection accuracy by 7% ~ 17%.


The present research features manifestation of emotional intelligence in preferences for conflict interaction tactics in Russian and Dutch test groups. The experiment included 146 Russian (40.4 % men, 59.6% women, mean age 20.15) and 125 Dutch students (33.6 % men, 66.4 % women, mean age 21.62). The method of behavioral scenarios was applied to evaluate preferences of tactics in a conflict situation. The participants were presented with interpersonal conflict scenarios with high power and equal partners in interpersonal and business relations. Their emotional intelligence was measured by Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test. The research showed that emotional intelligence predetermined preferences for constructive emotion expression in both groups. In addition, the Russian test group showed preferences for constructive problem solving, while the Dutch participants demonstrated less irony and showed no readiness for indirect aggression.


Transition to electric heating, connection of renewable sources of energy are the main reasons, stipulating the necessity of reconstruction or modernization of the existing distribution electric grids. The research suggests the selection technique of optimal supply circuit of electric energy consumers from various sources on the base of the analysis of the given expenses and integral index of functioning quality, that enables to take into account the electric energy quality and the reliability of the electric grid.


BACKGROUND
The severity of obstructive pulmonary disease is determined by the FEV(1) % predicted based on the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines. In patients with coexisting restrictive lung disease, the decrease in FEV(1) can overestimate the degree of obstruction. We hypothesize that adjusting the FEV(1) for the decrease in total lung capacity (TLC) results in a more appropriate grading of the severity of obstruction.

METHODS
We examined a large pulmonary function test database and identified patients with both restrictive (TLC < 80% predicted) and obstructive (FEV(1)/FVC < the lower limit of normal) lung disease. FEV(1) % predicted was adjusted for the degree of restriction by dividing it by TLC % predicted. We compared the distribution of severity grading between adjusted and unadjusted values according to ATS/ERS criteria and determined how the distribution of severity would change based on asthma and COPD guidelines.

RESULTS
We identified 199 patients with coexisting restrictive and obstructive lung disease. By ATS/ERS grading, the unadjusted data categorized 76% of patients as having severe or very severe obstruction and 11% as having mild or moderate obstruction. The adjusted data classified 33% with severe or very severe obstruction and 44% with mild or moderate obstruction. Of the corrected values, 83% resulted in a change to less severe obstruction by ATS/ERS guidelines, and 44% and 70% of patients, respectively, would be reclassified as having less severe obstruction by current asthma and COPD guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS
This method results in a more appropriate distribution of severity of obstruction, which should lead to more accurate treatment of obstruction in these patients.


Almost all power-gating circuits used in MOS current-mode circuits were realized with dual-rail schemes. In this paper, a power-gating scheme for single-rail MOS current mode logic (SRMCML) is presented. The modeling of the sleep transistor in power-gating circuits is constructed and analyzed. The optimization methods for sizing sleep transistors of power-gating circuits are addressed in terms of energy dissipations. The design methods of the power-gating SRMCML circuits are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed power-gating structure is verified by using HSPICE simulations with a SMIC 130nm technology. From the outcomes of simulations, the energy loss of the power-gating SRMCML cir- cuits is smaller than corresponding static CMOS alternatives in high frequencies.


The word Eham means to use words in poetry bearing dual meanings. The first meaning is more common and apprehensible, while the second specific and inapprehensible. The poet uses the word with its inapprehensible meaning. In the history of Urdu literature, Eham Goi became a literary movement in the early eighteenth century due to the political circumstances of that era. In this research paper, the scholar has shed light on the art of Eham and the poets who used Eham in their poetry.


Uses of C/sup 14/ and H/sup 3/ as labels in gas chromatography are described. The labels may be used either in detection or separation of compounds. Radiation detectors designed for use in gas chromatography are discussed, including G-M tubes, ionization chambers, and scintillation snd proportional detectors. A method is described in which separated singly- or doubly-labeled compounds are burned to CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O; thus the activities of only 2 compounds need be measured. It is noted that Br/sup 80/, Br/sup 82/, Ni/sup 3/, N/sup 18/ and I/sup 1/ >s/sup 31/ are also convenient tracers. (T.F.H.)


Objective The study aimed to investigate the value of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 (SLCO4A1) in thyroid cancer mainly from three aspects: expression, prognosis, and biological function analyses. Methods Based on various bioinformatic approaches, genes co-expressed with vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) in thyroid cancer were used for further survival and expression analyses to identify the target gene. After evaluation of the SLCO4A1 expression levels in thyroid cancer, Cox regression analysis was utilized to predict the risk factors for survival of thyroid cancer patients. And receiving operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to validate the prognostic value of SLCO4A1. Additionally, WebGestalt was employed for enrichment analysis of SLCO4A1 and its co-expressed genes. Further, the relation between SLCO4A1 and neutrophil was analyzed, followed by exploring the association of SLCO4A1 with immunomodulators. Results A total of 38 consistent VEGFC co-expressed genes were generated, and SLCO4A1 was selected as the target gene due to its oncogenic characteristics. SLCO4A1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer at both gene and protein levels, and SLCO4A1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with the cancer stage (all P <0.05). Besides, high SLCO4A1 expression led to unfavorable progression-free survival (PFS) of thyroid cancer patients (P =0.0066). Further, Cox regression analysis indicated that high SLCO4A1 expression was an independent predictor of poor PFS in patients with papillary thyroid cancer, particularly in patients at stage 1 and female patients (all P <0.001). The enrichment analysis results showed that SLCO41A was involved in the neutrophil-mediated immunity pathway. Moreover, SLCO4A1 had a positive relation with neutrophils (all P <0.05). Finally, a significant correlation between SLCO4A1 and immunomodulators was observed (all P <0.001). Conclusion SLCO4A1 was a potential prognostic biomarker for papillary thyroid cancer patients. And SLCO4A1 might affect PFS in thyroid cancer patients by positive regulation of neutrophil-mediated immunity pathway.


The present invention relates to novel photochromic compounds corresponding to the formula of a indoline-SPIRO-oxazine containing a INDOLINICA portion and a OXAZINICA WHERE THE PARTY UNDERSTANDS OXAZINICA heterocycle unsaturated five-membered ring. ESPECIALLY it encompasses compounds wherein said part Photochromic OXAZINICA is type O BENZOTIAZOLOXAZINA INDOLENINO-oxazine.


LDA, short for L atent Diri chlet Allocation, is a hierarchical Bayesian model for content analysis. LDA has seen a wide variety of applications, but it also presents computational challenges because the iterative computation of approximate inference is required. Recently an approach based on Gibbs Sampling and MPI is proposed to address these challenges, while this repor t presents the work that maps it to a massively parallel supercomputer, Blue Gene. The work enhances the runtime performance by utili zing special hardware architecture of Blue Gene such as dual floating-point unit and by using general programming/compiling techniques such as loop unfolding. Results from the empirical evaluation using a realwor ld large-scale data set indicate the following findings: First, the use of dual floating-point unit contr ibutes to a significant perf ormance gain, and thus it should be considered in the design of processors f or computationally intensive machine learning applications. Second, although it i s a simple technique and most compilers support it , loop unfolding improves the performan ce gain even furth er. Since loop unfolding is general enough to be applied to other platforms, this report suggests that compilers should perform loop unfolding in a more intelligent manner.


During 2022, a total of 9,515 asymptomatic healthcare workers of a large hospital in Germany underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR screening twice weekly. Of 398,784 saliva samples, 3,555 (0.89%) were PCR positive (median cycle threshold value 30). Early identification of infected healthcare workers can help reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the hospital environment.


1. An apparatus for three-dimensional measurement of the object (5) soderzhascheepervoe projection device (1) comprising a first source (1a) for projecting infrared radiation at the first mobile object pattern and at least one photographic device (3) for taking images of the object in the infrared region spektra.2. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a second projection device (2) comprising a second source (2a) for projecting the infrared radiation pattern on the second movable obekt.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first infrared radiation source device of the first projection has a first surface emissivity and / or a second infrared radiation source device of the second projection has a second radiating poverhnost.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the respective radiating surface adapted to the respective resistive heating means nagrevatelya.5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the emitting surface corresponding to the projected pattern defines itself or a suitable pattern defined by the respective patterned element containing the permeable and impermeable surfaces for infrared radiation, and patterned corresponding element is located between the radiating surface and the corresponding obektom.6. The apparatus of claims 1-4, wherein a respective pattern containing uzorom.7 strip. The apparatus of claims 1-4, further comprising an analyzing unit (4) for analyzing images taken ustroystvom.8 film-making. Apparatus according pp.3-4, wherein the corresponding projection device comprises a cylinder having a radiating dressing


The Gauss-Bonnet Formula is a significant achievement in 19th century differential geometry for the case of surfaces and the 20th century cumulative work of H. Hopf, W. Fenchel, C. B. Allendoerfer, A. Weil and S.S. Chern for higher-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. It relates the Euler characteristic of a Riemannian manifold to a curvature integral over the manifold plus a somewhat enigmatic boundary term. In this paper, we revisit the formula using the formalism of double forms, a tool introduced by de Rham, and further developed by Kulkarni, Thorpe, and Gray. We explore the geometric nature of the boundary term and provide some examples and applications.


A stroke typically results in a variety of impairments that are primarily unilateral, with the severity of symptoms and resultant disabilities dependent on the site and extent of the insult. While the overall goal of rehabilitation after a stroke is to maximize the individual's functional independence at home and in the community, improved walking function is the treatment goal most often stated by patients following a stroke.


The purpose of the publication is to closer define the essence, role and peculiarities of investment funds and companies. The analysis of researches on the subject of the article identified the lack of clearness concerning the issues of essential differences between the investment fund and the company. The article considers the definition of the studied concepts according to dictionaries and practical examples of the operating investment companies and funds. The peculiarities of the latter and types of specialization of investment funds are specified. There is a fundamental difference between these economic entities, which is that the investment company is a commercial organization with minimal restrictions and maximum freedoms for the implementation of investment and related activities for profit. An investment fund is either a specialized part of such a company or is a public institution with the presence of restrictions that are stipulated by the policy of its founders. It is proved that an investment company can often be both a holding company with a wide range of related activities, harmoniously combined with investment: insurance, consulting, brokerage, banking, credit and depository activities, accounting, etc. In some countries, legal restrictions do not allow a successful combination of investment and other activities, for example, insurance. It is determined that the evolution of investment activities in the global stock market causes a gradual loss of competitiveness of mutual investment funds. Instead, ETF funds have long taken their place. In the global financial market there is a limited number of investment companies – founders of major ETF funds with a significant level of competitiveness, which makes problematic and (or) inappropriate entry into the market of new funds. In addition to accumulating temporarily free funds and professional management of investment resources, the important role of investment companies and funds is the formation of the infrastructure of complementary pension provision.


Abstract : The results of this study provide mathematical relationships to theoretically assess the capabilities of the centrifuge test as a stressing device for the following microelectronic components: wires and wire bonds, chip and substrate attachment, lids and bases of rectangular flat-packs. The results of the study suggest that the centrifuge is of marginal utility as a stressing device for the above mentioned components. (Author)


1. (azaheterocyclyl) alkyl amide derivatives of 2- (het) arilglitsinov general formula I:! ! wherein n and m can take the values 0, 1, 2 and 3; ! sign (#) hereinafter denotes the possibility of having a chiral center; ! R represents an optionally substituted C5-C10-aryl or 5-7-membered hetaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, optionally fused with a benzene ring; ! A1 and A2 independently represent an optionally substituted 3-7-membered saturated, partially saturated or aromatic azaheterocycle containing from 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms and optionally fused to a benzene ring; ! or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or alkyl esters in the form of individual optical isomers or mixtures thereof. ! 2. (azaheterocyclyl) alkyl amide derivatives of 2- (het) arilglitsinov according to claim 1 representing (azaheterocyclyl) arilglitsinov alkyl amide derivatives of general formula I-1! ! wherein k and I can take values 0 and 1; ! X represents H, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, CN, CF3O, an optionally substituted amino group, a C1-S6atsilnuyu group, an optionally substituted C6 aryl or a 5-6-membered hetaryl, containing 1-3 heteroatoms, C2-C4alkenil, C2-C4 alkynyl, S6arC1-C6alkyl, C1-S8alkoksikarbonil, 5-6-membered hetaryl having 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, C6arilsulfonil or C1-C8 alkylsulfonyl, optionally N- substituted aminosulfonyl; ! or X is a group of benzene ring annulated with phenyl or a 5-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur,! R1 and R2 are independently n


Through experiments a kind of low cellulose content type covered electrode for all position and vertical down welding was researched.This electrode has good properties both of common titanium type electrode and cellulose type elcetrode, with excellent welding operating characteristics and good mechanical properties.The electrode can be widely used for the welding of importance structure.


We report recent results obtained on GaLaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors. A small-signal and noise model is used to investigate RF and noise characteristics.


A low‐pollution single‐tube microgas turbine combustor using different gas fuels was studied. The combustion performance of two kinds of landfill gas and natural gas was tested in a single‐head combustor. The effects of fuel nozzle position, and the fuel distribution ratio between pilot and main combustion stage on pollutant emission were investigated under rated load condition. The flow field, temperature field, and pollutant generation characteristics with different fuel nozzle diameters and nozzle positions were analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that: the combustor can form an obvious central recirculation zone, which is convenient for ignition and stable flame propagation; in the case of limited premixed length, the influence of fuel nozzle position on fuel–air mixing uniformity is less obvious than that of fuel nozzle diameter. The fuel–air mixing uniformity plays a decisive role in the temperature field and the generation of pollutants in the combustor. The combustor has good pollutant emission characteristics, and the NOx emission can be reduced to about 10 ppmv (15% O2 concentration) under the appropriate combination of fuel nozzle diameter and position, which provides a reference for the further optimization of low‐emission combustor.


Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of solvent polarity and solvent viscosity on the nonradiative rates of rhodamine‐B in a series of normal alcohols. The fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes for rhodamine‐B in these solvents were measured and used to calculate the nonradiative rates. From a modified kinetic model, the nonradiative rate can be deduced to be the conversion rate for crossing over a potential barrier from an excited planar state to an excited twisted state. Both solvent viscosity and solvent polarity can play key roles in this mechanism because the former may hinder the rotational motion and the latter may change the barrier height. Our results show that the variation in the nonradiative rates is due to solvent polarity changes rather than to solvent viscosity changes. The effect of solvent viscosity on the excited‐state lifetimes of rhodamine‐B in a series of methanol–poly(ethylene oxide) mixed solvents was also investigated. Our results indicate that the measured lif...


Objective To study the relationship between viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods Eighty four cases of chronic hepatitis B patients and 83 cases of chronic hepatitis C patients were analyzed,and 76 cases in hospital were as controls. Results The incidence of chronic hepatitis C patients complicated with DM was 13.3%,which was higher than that of patients with chronic hepatitis B(5.9%) and the control group(7.9%)(P0.05). It had no significant difference between chronic hepatitis B group and control group. The ratio of male and female in chronic hepatitis patients complicated with DM was 2.2∶[KG-2]1. The age,body mass index(BMI),fasting plasma glucose had no significant difference among chronic hepatitis B group,chronic hepatitis C group and control group. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients with DM were higher than those without DM. Conclusions Incidence of chronic hepatitis C patients complicated with DM is higher,and hepatitis C virus may play a role in the development of DM.


Using the reverse engineering software 'Imageware',the mouse point cloud data were processed,the characteristic curve net was divided and the curve surface was reconstructed.The 3D model was constructed using 3D software UG NX.The technology of reverse design of the curve surface and the way of using reverse engineering technology to measure the manufacturing precision of curve surface were discussed.


The splits of two kinds of Q235B hot-rolled strips of 3mm and 6mm were tested and analyzed as well as on-site investigated by using micro and macro check as well as mechanical and chemical inspection and then it was found that the drift punch with extreme small diameter results in splits. And furthermore, the improvement countermeasurements were put forward.


Sliding mode control(SMC) is used in the permanent magnet synchronous motor for the high performance servo applications. In this paper,a new kind of SMC controller is designed to solve the practical problems when it comes to implementation. The control approach introduces integral to avoid the chattering problem effectively. It makes sure the velocity and the position is controlled synchronously and assures the fastness of the servo system. The validity of the novel SMC controller is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.


The conference was a university event, but tied to the 2008 Dundee Literary Festival. My paper concerned the mechanics of sequential art, and in particular how the American theorist Scott McCloud (Understanding Comics) has been influential in generating a new wave of formalist scholarship. I concluded by highlighting the contribution of European scholars such as Pascal Lefevre and Thierry Groensteen to the debate, and calling for the translation of further theoretical work from both Europe and the Far East (particularly Japan and Korea).


Abstract. The Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) impinges on the western Indian continental margin between 150 and 1500 m, causing gradients in oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry at the sea floor. Oxygen availability and sediment geochemistry are important factors structuring macrofaunal assemblages in marine sediments. However, relationships between macrofaunal assemblage structure and sea-floor carbon and nitrogen cycling are poorly understood. We conducted in situ 13C:15N tracer experiments in the OMZ core (540 m [O2] = 0.35 μmol l–1) and lower OMZ boundary (800–1100 m, [O2] = 2.2–15.0 μmol l–1) to investigate how macrofaunal assemblage structure, affected by different oxygen levels, and C:N coupling influence the fate of particulate organic matter. No macrofauna were present in the OMZ core. Within the OMZ boundary, relatively high abundance and biomass resulted in the highest macrofaunal assimilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) at the lower oxygen 800 m stations ([O2] = 2.2–2.36 μmol l–1). At these stations the numerically dominant cirratulid polychaetes exhibited greatest POC and PON uptake. By contrast, at the higher oxygen 1100 m station ([O2] = 15.0 μmol l–1) macrofaunal C and N assimilation was lower, with POC assimilation dominated by one large solitary ascidian. Macrofaunal POC and PON assimilation were influenced by changes in oxygen availability, and significantly correlated to differences in macrofaunal assemblage structure between stations. However, macrofaunal feeding responses were ultimately characterised by preferential organic nitrogen assimilation, relative to their internal C:N budgets.


Aim: To evaluate the effect of supplementation of Vitamin D in delaying the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its use as a predictor for the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients with type 2 diabetes melitus and diabetic retinopathy were included in this retrospective study which was carried out at the vitreoretinal services, department of ophthalmology at DR B.R Ambedkar medical college and hospital over a period of 1 year.
Results: Out of 100 patients, 59 were males and 41 were females. At 3 months, no progression noted in moderate, severe and very severe NPDR. However in control group 20% progressed to high risk PDR which is not found in cases. It was statistically significant (p value
Conclusions: From the results of the study we can conclude that oral supplementation of Vitamin D in addition to the recommended treatment with photocoagulation, delays the progression of severe, very severe and early PDR. Our study demonstrated that low levels of vitamin D may be a risk marker of development or progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy vitamin D, Diabetic millitus.


Summary We introduce a new type of basis functions in this paper to approximate a scattered data set. We test our basis functions on recovering the well-known Franke's function given by scattered data. We then use these basis functions in Kansa's method for solving Helmholtz equations. To demonstrate our proposed approach, we compare the numerical solutions with analytic solutions. The numerical results show that our approach is accurate and efficient.


We presents the results of a study of the spatial distribution of services offering accommodation and lodgings throughout the Metropolitan Area of Toluca (mat). It focuses specifically on the localization of accommodation units and strives to identify the areas with the highest concentrations (clusters) of facilities offering lodgings (by number of units) and tendencies related to the localization according to the different categories of units available.


The city of Barcelona has an entire strategy dedicated to taking care of its trees, called the Tree Masterplan. To create this Masterplan, the city talked to over 700 different people – from gardeners to urban planners and from restaurant owners to street cleaners – to understand their needs, viewpoints and opinions on this topic. In the Swedish city of Malmö, the Municipal Housing Company has gone a step further and is actively engaging everyone from local residents to utility companies to design and implement blue and green features in its neighbourhoods.


Escalating obesity rates among children across the nation has prompted interest in investigating the role of after school programs in the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity among participating children. This approach facilitates intervention programs that can be rooted in daily routines by frontline staff. Children need positive role models, the work could be a challenging process and will require motivating staff.


This paper deals with the effectiveness of the New York State Department of Transportation earthwork compaction specifications, which are based on a percentage of standard Proctor maximum density as they relate to overall embankment stability. A number of failures have occurred in recent times within moderate to low plastic soil fills in New York State. These failures have been traced to the placement of plastic materials in a condition where the moisture content exceeds the optimum moisture content for standard compaction. Although the percentage of standard Proctor maximum density that is required by New York State construction specifications was equaled or exceeded, the resulting shearing strength of the fill was inadequate to support the additional proposed fill loads. Two detailed case studies are shown to identify the nature of the problem. A discussion of potential alternative methods of compaction control is given. (Author)


This study aims to determine the effect of the recruitment process on employee performance of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Sudirman Pekanbaru. In analyzing the data obtained from the Respondents 64 people. The data calculated used SPSS version 23. Result of t-test obtained that the value of t-count is greater than the value of t-table, then there is the influence of recruitment variables on employee performance at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Sudirman Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Then Coefficient of Determination Test showed value of 0.509 means  that 50.9% percentage contribution of independent variables to the dependent variable is the recruitment of employee performance. where remaining 49.1% influenced by other variables not included in this study.


Basic chracteristics of hearing elicited by applying the amplitude modulated electrical stimulation to the external ear were investigated by means of psychophysical technique. The site in which sound was generated was discussed based on sound lateralization characteristics produced by applying electrical and sound stimulations to both ears.As the results, perceived sound by electrical stimulation was found to be pure tone and its threshold depended on applied voltage. The minimum auditory threshold was obtained at 800Hz signal frequency, at 100% modulation rate and at 50% duty ratio in the case of 50kHz carrier frequency. In the experiment of sound lateralization, perceived sound was proved to be caused by electrophonic effect and the site in which sound was generated was the skin surface of the external ear under the electrode.


High densities of Evechinus chloroticus are common in the rocky subtidal of outer Dusky Sound, Fiordland. Within this area, organisms are zonated into three habitats. These habitats are a shallow fucoid fringe; a mid-depth barren zone dominated by crustose forms (algae and sessile invertebrates) and devoid of most large algae; a deeper algal meadow where smaller herbaceous and turfing algae predominate. In many sites, a fourth (deeper) zone dominated by a dense Ecklonia radiata forest is found. Evechinus is most abundant in the two shallowest zones and its abundance decreases noticeably thereafter. In a large two-year experimental study, sea urchins were removed, causing the community structure to change dramatically by allowing large algal habitat forming species to form a more homogeneous, taller, algal canopy. However , two years of continual sea urchin removal was not enough time for the community to reach a stable structure. During the experimental period, there was no evidence that diversity of taxa smaller than large brown algae varied when sea urchins were removed. However , the loss of the so-called`barren habitat' (middle zone) due to the large community structure changes can be considered as a reduction in habitat diversity. The implications of the loss of the barren habitat for the whole community (sessile and mobile species) are not known. Longer-term predictions (longer than two years), for at least two important taxa, Carpophyllum spp. and Ecklonia , were possible using additional information from a comprehensive observational study. In the upper zone (range 0-3.5 m), it appears that the changes detected for Carpophyllum density in the short term (2 years) do not last longer. Ecklonia could increase its density up to 0.6 plant/m 2 if urchins were removed below a threshold of 2 indi-viduals/m2. In the middle zone (range 3.5-6.5 m), as for the upper zone, it appears that the short-term Carpophyllum density increases do not last longer. Ecklonia increases its density up to 1 plant/m 2 when sea urchins are removed below the sea urchin threshold of 2 individuals/m 2. In the lower zone (range 6.5-11.5 m), as for the shallower depth zones, the available evidence shows that we cannot expect significant differences in Carpophyllum densities between areas with and without sea urchins in the longer term. Ecklonia could increase its mean density to 1.55 plants/m 2 when sea urchins are removed below threshold levels.


We provide a brief description of the mathematics that led to Daniel Quillen's introduction of model categories, a summary of his seminal work "Homotopical algebra", and a brief description of some of the developments in the field since.


An important way for describing groups is by finite presentations. Large presentations arise in practice which are poorly suited for either human or computer use. Presentation simplification processes which take bad presentations and produce good presentations have been developed. Substantial use is made of substring searching and appropriate techniques for this context are described. Effective use is made of signatures and change flags. Change flags are shown to be the most beneficial of the methods tested here, with very significant performance improvement. Experimental performance figures are given.


It PRESENTS A process for preparing a compound that provides a SUSTAINED RELEASE CHLORINE DIOXIDE including material mixture Hydrophilic containing an amino and a base with a hydrophobic material containing an agent releaser acid, and hydrophilic MATERIALS and hydrophobic ARE adjacent and substantially free of water to form a mixture. MIXTURE EXPOSED TO CHLORINE DIOXIDE REACTIVE AMINO FORMING iminium chlorite which is decomposed with the base to form chlorite salt WITHIN THE hydrophilic material. Hydrophilic MATERIAL IS CAPABLE OF RELEASING CHLORINE DIOXIDE AFTER RELEASE AGENT Hydrolysis of the acid.


1013 However, this also means shorter echo times and reduced sensitivity for suszeptibility contrast. This effect is compensated by echo shifting, which uses strong dephasing gradients to shift the echo signals into the next TR period. Thus, the effective echo times are longer than TR. Compared to single-shot EPI, PRESTO is somewhat slower, but with considerably improved image quality. The parallel imaging approach of SENSE , on the other hand, allows to substantially reduce measurement time. SENSE exploits the spatial inhomogeneity in the sensitivity of receiver coil arrays to reduce the number of conventional (cycling of gradient pulses) phase encoding steps. The upper limit for the reduction of measurement time is given by the number of coils, but in practice reduction factors R of 2 to 4 were demonstrated with arrays consisting of up to 6 coils. SENSE requires a full FOV reference scan for the unfolding of aliased single-coil images in image space . Because of the faster k-space traversal, typical EPI artifacts like image distortions are clearly reduced . Thus the combination of PRESTO and SENSE seems ideal to solve the most severe problems: Introduction


This paper investigats the effects of topic transition type and sentence length on pause,final lengthening and pitch reset at prosodic phrase boundaries between two clauses.The discourses contained two sentences each.The second sentence is manipulated to control length(long vs short)and topic transition type(continuation,elaboration or shift).The results from twenty native speakers show that:1)Both topic transition and sentence length have significant effects on pause duration and pitch reset,but not on pre-boundary lengthening,with no interaction between them.More specifically,longer pause and larger pitch reset occurre when the second sentence is long.Pause duration and pitch reset are increased to a larger degree in the condition of topic shift than topic elaboration and continuation.2)A weak negative correlation is found between pause duration and pre-boundary lengthening.And,there is a weak positive correlation between pause duration and pitch reset.(3)Compared with male speakers,female speakers use both pitch and duration variation to mark topic transition type in a more systematic way.The above results suggest that the effect of sentence length on acoustic cues at intonational phrase boundaries is probably articulatory,whereas that of topic transition type is communicative.


Stress corrosion behavior of the aged 2017 alloy was electrochemically measured in 1/3M AlCl3 and 1M NaCl solution, corrosion potential is shifted by stress to being considerably noble, which may be attributed to the decrease of anode limiting current density. On the other hand, pitting potential is shifted a little to being less noble. These shifts decrease the potential difference between corrosion and pitting potentials, that is, stress increases the local corrosion susceptibility. Electrochemically the maximum susceptibility of stress corrosion is found in the aged specimen held for 10h, at 180°C. This almost agrees with the evaluation of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility obtained by the constaut strain corrosion test.


This paper presents interesting correlations which exist between a model of long-wave economic activity and crisis in the United States – "the Political Economy wave" – and the structure of the rings of Saturn, one of the most confounding structures known to science. At the present time gaps appear between rings which are unexplained; dynamism within the rings which should disperse the rings does not do so; edges of the rings are not diffuse but well defined; satellites between rings appear to have an impact but this is uncertain.
 This paper explores the possibility that the mathematics of consciousness, taken as a fifth dimension and understood as incarnate in the study of economics, may assist in the understanding of physics, and possibly vice versa.


Treatment of large skin defects with a synthetic substitute for homograft skin is described. Defect wounds of different genesis, particularly with heavy infections, were treated with the synthetic skin substitute Epigard (Parke-Davis). An advantage is an easy wound dressing and good condition of the wound ground with development of a sufficient vascularization and cleaning of the wound bed for the reconstructive procedures keeping the wound ready for autotransplantation.


Daphne is a famous brand of women's shoes established in HK in 1987. In 1995, it was listed in the main board in HK. This paper takes the main financial data in the annual reports of Daphne enterprise between 2016 and 2018 as the basis in carrying out financial indicator analysis and SWOT analysis. Besides, it will also analyze the causes for the decline in performance of Daphne in recent years from the perspective of corporate brand strategies.


The random phase approximation is applied to the coupled-cluster expansions of lattice gauge theory (LGT) Using this method,wavefuctions are approximated by linear combination of graplh consisting of only one connected wilson loop.We study the excited state energy and wavelunction in (2+1)-D SU(3) LGT up to the thired order,The glueball mass shows a good scaling behavior.


Abstract X-ray crystallography on [EtOC(=O)N(H)C(=N+H2)NH2]Cl·½H2O (1) shows the asymmetric unit to comprise two independent cations, two chloride anions and crystal water. The main conformational difference between the cations is seen in the relative orientation of the ethyl groups; geometry-optimisation confirms the all-trans conformation is the most stable. The remaining parts of the cations are co-planar and feature intramolecular N–H···O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds. An analysis of the C–N bonds suggests substantial delocalisation of the positive charge over the CN3 atoms. In the crystal, columns comprising the first independent cation are surrounded by four columns of the second cation within a network of water-O–H···Cl, N–H···Cl and N–H···O(water, carbonyl) hydrogen bonds, many of which are charge-assisted. The packing has been further investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis, molecular electrostatic potential and interaction energy calculations. The charge-assisted N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds are significantly stronger than the water-O–H···Cl interactions consistent the distribution of the positive charge over the CN3 atoms.


This paper predicts the tension strength of Concrete-filled Branch Plate-to-Rectangular Hollow (CBPRH) joint by conducting experimental and theoretical analysis. A total of 46 X-joints with different geometric parameters were investigated, in which 4 specimens were tested under ultimate tension and 42 specimens were numerically analyzed. The joint's strength, failure mode and load-displacement curve were obtained. Perfobond Leister Rib (PBR) was welded in part of the specimens to investigate its effect on joint's tensile performance. It is shown that the ultimate strength of transverse CBPRH joint benefit from grouting of chord and installation of PBR. The ultimate strength of CBPRH joint with PBR is larger than the counterpart without PBR. Tension strength equations were proposed for both CBPRH joints with and without PBR by nonlinear regression. The chord axial stress reduction factor was discussed and a modified equation originated from hollow joint was recommended for CBPRH joint. Connection efficiency was presented and compared among branch plate-to-rectangular hollow (BPRH) joint, CBPRH joint and CBPRH joint with PBR.


In order to determine the extent to which regional training in management would serve their own diverse national needs, nine African countries with different colonial, economic. political, and economic traditions sponsored a large-scale restarch project .to identify. common behavioral characteristics in the vublic, private. and amstatal sectors. The theory was that if there was a sufficient body of ;cbuind.thtoighout the region, it would be possible to adopt standard training and selection procedures and use similar approaches in improving organizational designs. The theory posited further that comparative studies conducted in sufficient depth could separate the unique from the common elements of managerial behavior and contribute to the desirn of national as well as reeional training systems. Studies conducted with these ends in mind were also expected distinguish between behavioral differences that were associated with the political and cultural context or organizational setting, and those reflecting in...


Abstract : This report summarizes our accomplishments under this grant. Our objective is to carry out fundamental research in several interrelated areas: (a) development and use of graphical and hierarchical representations for complex phenomena and for the construction of scalable algorithms for the fusion of heterogeneous sources of information; (b) development of first principles methods for constructing statistical models for the variability of shapes and configurations of objects of interest for statistically optimal shape estimation and object recognition; and (c) development of new adaptive learning and optimization algorithms for analysis of complex, multimodal data for the linking and fusing disparate sources of information, for the characterization of features in complex data and imagery, and for sensor resource management. Our research blends methods from statistics and probabilistic modeling, signal and image processing, optimization, mathematical physics, graphical models, and machine learning theory, yielding new approaches to challenging problems in sensing and surveillance. Moreover, each aspect of our research is directly relevant to Air Force missions. In all of these areas we have contacts and interactions with AFRL staff and with industry involved in Air Force programs.


In view of the typical automobile engine intake manifold parts, the machining accuracy is low, the efficiency is low and the cost is high, which is caused by the complicated multi-curved surface during machining. According to the structural characteristics of the intake manifold, the shape analysis, fixture positioning analysis, clamping process analysis and clamping force analysis, through the computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) to establish an effective fixture 3D model, complete fixture design. The fixture has fast clamping, positioning and other functions, improve production efficiency and reduce processing cost.


ABSTRACT When individuals and families experience material hardship, government assistance programs and community services are there to help. The use of government assistance programs in the United States is highly stigmatized due to neoliberal ideology. The present study centers the lived experiences of those who have experienced material hardship and had firsthand experience with public assistance programs. This phronetic research study analyzed 27 semi-structured interviews with welfare recipients to explore how they used communication to cultivate resilience in response to material hardship and adversity. The findings of this study demonstrate the connection between communication behaviors and resilient reintegration. Resilient communication behaviors included the use of a communication network and the construction of occupational and familial identity anchors. When participants lacked resilient communication behaviors, they faced more isolation. This study points to the importance of communication as a resilience process in response to material hardship and neoliberal stigma.


The calculation theory was introduced for an Iteration algorithm calculation pHvalues in polybasic acids and polybasic bases titration process. Only formula calculated pH values with Microsoft Excel 2003.The pHcalculation methods of titration H3PO4 and Na2CO3 were given.


The article researches models based on RBAC,and then introduces several design principles,aiming to solve the security problems of a web system.Finally,the article designs an extended privilege management model in a real project using the structure of FleaPHP.


To further develop and recover reserves volume from a major oil field in Malaysia utilizing the latest and most premium seismic technology 3D 4C OBC. The overall field development was imposed due to a disappointing drilling results.
 Field A, located offshore West Malaysia, is a laminated Lower Coastal Plain sandstone deposited with occasionally marine transgressions. A highly complex, elongated anticline structure that possess over 330 interpreted normal, reverse and and wrench faults (normal, reverse and wrench). Production started in 1979. Despite the strong and consistent production, the Recovery Factor (RF) remains at 19% indicating potential remaining value.
 The time-consuming and costly azimuth 3D 4C OBC was acquired in 2015, to benefit from its capability in mapping hydrocarbon and water as well as lithology identification (sand/shale/coal). The 4C data was processed using 3D pre-stack. An improved continuity and sharpness of the main reflectors on the P/Z cube was clear to allow an efficient brown field redevelopment analysis specifically in the areas of infill and injectors well placements. Attributes maps were calibrated with newly acquired logs, and combined with re-evaluation of existing well logs and production data to ascertain development areas, and potential secondary recovery mechanism. Results were translated to static and dynamic models where possible, with 2D volumetric exercise for the smaller, and non-producing reservoirs. The opportunities identified were classified according to risk matrix, and uncertainties, an overall full-field redevelopment plan was proposed including an aggressive project tiring approach with fast execution process and higher risk appetite.
 Results coming from PP PSDM and PS PSDM confirmed the reasoning behind unsatisfactory outcome of 2015 infill campaign. The previously high uncertainty in sand distribution and reservoir extensions were clarified and confirmed with the new seismic interpretation result. Two wells were suspended based on the indicative result that showed addition of fault planes within the area. Subsequently, moving forward a total of 85 areas of new opportunities were identified and tiered based on technical confidence and risk appetite. A roadmap consists of detailed development strategies spanning over 5 years and beyond associated with ~100MMstb reserves value that will bring the RF to 31% were proposed and proceeded towards project sanctioning. The first four wells of its campaign was sanctioned, executed and spudded in August 2018.
 The objective while developing existing producing area is to target virgin location for additional data and to de-risk the undeveloped areas. The results from the first two wells allowed clearer picture of the complexity of the fields with mixed results combined with the operational challenges due to unexpected reservoir losses. Immediate recovery plans and decision matrix were quickly devised and re-entry and deviations were made to the original plans.
 The completed wells successfully produce up to 1100 stb/d, which was higher than the planned 750 stb/d. In addition to the completed targets, 6 BCO targets were also identified for future production enhancement activities.


With the great development of urban transportation systems, immediate urban traffic information has become an essential resource for the public. Traffic estimation is to predict current or future traffic situation (traffic speed and/or volume) in a road or a region of a city, and can benefit our daily life from many aspects, such as routing planning and traffic management. Existing works focus on estimating future traffic for individual road segments from a perspective of fine-grained level. This paper presents a new approach to estimating future traffic from a perspective of coarse-grained level, by which we estimate the traffic situation of a region, instead of an individual road segment. We propose a new concept about regional traffic named Ω-region, which aims to reflect the traffic situation of a region precisely. Two challenges in the regional traffic estimation problem are how to partition the road network into reasonable regions and how to estimate the regional traffic effectively. To address these challenges, first we define reasonable regions Ω-regions with traffic situations so that the all the road segment in the region has similar traffic. Then, we propose a three-phase partition method to divide the road network into Ω-regions based on historical trajectory data. Thirdly, we propose an effective linear-based model to estimate regional traffic. Experimental results on real-world dataset show that our proposed method achieves high performance.


We study a problem describing the motion of an incompressible, nonisothermal and non-Newtonian uid, taking into account the heat convection term. The novelty here is that uid viscosity depends on the temperature, the velocity of the uid, and also of the deformation tensor, but not explicitly. The boundary conditions take into account the slip phenomenon on a part of the boundary of the domain. By using the notion of pseudo-monotone operators and xed point Theorem we prove an existence result of its weak solution.


Distribution constant (KD,L) of 16-crown-5 (16C5) and overall extraction equilibrium constants (Kex) of uni- and bivalent metal picrates with 16C5 were determined between benzene and water at 25 °C. The Kex values were analyzed by four fundamental equilibria, extraction constant of picric acid, KD,L formation constant in water and ion-pair extraction constant (Kex,ip) with a picrate ion of the 16C5–metal ion complex. The Kex value of 16C5 for the uni- and bivalent metal ions decreases in the order Ag+>Na+>Tl+>K+>Rb+>Cs+>Li+ and Pb2+>Ba2+≥Sr2+>Ca2+, respectively. Size-fit relationship holds for extraction-selectivity of 16C5 toward alkali metal ions, but it does not hold for that toward alkaline earth metal ions. Factors influencing extractability and extraction-selectivity of 16C5 for metal ions were discussed from the viewpoint of molecular grounds. Kex,ip value of 16C5 varies with a cation of the same charge held in the cavity. Kex,ip values of 16C5–metal picrate complexes were compared with those of 15...


1 Patch‐clamp recordings were made from rat cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. In cells pre‐exposed to concanavalin A (ConA) to remove kainate receptor desensitization, concentration‐response data for kainate showed two components. The EC50 value for the high‐affinity component (4 μM) was consistent with activation of kainate‐type channels. ConA enhanced the apparent potency of the kainate receptor ligand SYM 2081 by 100‐fold. 2 In ConA‐treated granule cells, currents evoked by 10 μM kainate were not significantly reduced by the AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 53655, nor were these currents significantly reduced by the co‐application of 100 μM AMPA. Currents activated by low concentrations of kainate in the presence of AMPA were completely inhibited by 10 μM La3+. 3 Single‐cell reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis indicated that granule cells express both unedited (Q) and edited (R) versions of GluR5, with the majority of the GluR5 transcripts being unedited. In contrast, GluR6(R) was detected in seven cells and GluR6(Q) was detected in one granule cell. 4 Whole‐cell current‐voltage curves for kainate‐type currents in granule cells were measured and the ratio of the slope conductances at +40 mV and −40 mV was used as an index of rectification. The mean +40 mV/‐40 mV ratio determined from thirty‐six granule cells was 1.3 ± 0.1. Spectral density analysis of kainate‐evoked whole‐cell current noise gave values for the apparent single‐channel conductance, γnoise, that were on average about 1 pS. 5 To compare further the properties of recombinant kainate channels with the native kainate‐type channels in granule cells, we determined EC50 and γnoise values for SYM 2081 in stable cell lines expressing either GluR6(R) or GluR6(R) and KA2. Co‐expression of KA2 with GluR6(R) shifts the EC50 and γnoise values determined for SYM 2081 closer to the values typically found for native kainate‐type channels in granule cells. 6 The results demonstrate that cerebellar granule cells in culture express functional kainate‐type channels and that in most cells these channels show properties that are similar to those determined for heteromeric channels formed from GluR6(R) and KA2. However, the results also suggest that different granule cells express different repertoires of kainate‐type channels with different, and perhaps variable, subunit composition.


The subdivision number of a graph G is defined to be the minimum number of extra vertices inserted into the edges of G to make it isomorphic to a unit-distance graph in the plane. Lett (n) denote the maximum number of edges of a C4-free graph on n vertices. It is proved that the subdivision number of Knlies betweenn (n? 1)/2 ?t(n) and (n? 2)(n? 3)/2 + 2, and that of K(m, n) equals (m? 1)(n?m) forn?m(m? 1).


ABSTRACT The direction teacher education will take depends upon careful examiration of the processes and activitied that-affect teacher behavicr and on meticulous re-definition of the skills, attitudes, and knowledge that contribute to teachingreffectiveness. The restrictions of educational bureaucracy and the perpetually changing demands of educational research have led to genyral criticism of the teacher's role, function, and value in society. leachers, teacher critics, and educational researchers must persevere in the examination of the research being conducted in teacher effectiveness, and must operate with full knowledge of the intrinsic vagueness and inconsistency involved in attempting to cospose formal and universally dpplicable teaching strategiesr (LH)


Visions: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1930–1934. By C.G. Jung. Ed. Claire Douglas (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997) 2 vols., xl + 1,458 pp. $125.00 cloth.


This Briefing Paper describes a new version of the London Business School model, which incorporates our most recent research on the supply side. The changes reflect the desire to improve the specification of the supply-side of the model, and to capture the effects of taxes on the incentives to save, invest and to work, while still retaining the basic features of the income-expenditure framework. The main features of the new model are:

- Gross domestic product is determined as the sum of the outputs of five sectors. Previously GDP was determined by the demand side as the sum of the expenditure components.

- Domestic demand for the output of the private sector depends on domestic absorption and on the price of this output relative to import prices. Overseas demand for exports depends on world economic activity and on the price of exports relative to the world price of exports.

- Supply depends on the capital stock, real unit labour costs and real raw material prices. In the short run, input prices are allowed to affect the mix between goods which are exported and those which are supplied to the domestic market. In the long run, however, the mix depends only on the price of exports relative to the price of domestically supplied goods (i.e., relative profitability).

- In the short run, disequilibrium in the goods market is reflected in adjustments to prices, inventories and the external balance.

- Since gross domestic product is determined by summing the output of each sector, output decisions are reconciled with expenditure decisions by making imports the difference between final expenditure and aggregate supply.

- In the long run, increases in government expenditure crowd out private expenditure, but the effect takes several years to come through.

- A cut in corporation taxes which is not financed by higher taxes elsewhere boosts the supply side by raising investment and the capital stock, but not by enough to raise revenues sufficiently to pay for the tax cut. Private sector saving increases but not by enough to fund higher public sector borrowing, so the current account goes into deficit.

- In the short run, both supply and demand factors influence economic activity; in the long run, the path of the economy depends only on population growth, capital accumulation and technical progress.