There is a stringency about the existance of periglacial activities in some districts of Japan from the last glacial stage to recent. Some amounts of studies on periglacial pheno-mena relative to both fossil and recent types have already been made, and a few attempts were carried out to outline the palaeoclimatic zones or palaeogeographical features of Japanese Islands during the Wurm stage using some data indicating palaeoclimates by field observations about fossil patterned ground and other features distinguished as periglacial phenomena. While the concept that patterned ground indicates the palaeoclimate or palaeogeography has been accepted, there remained some confusions between terminology and genetical ideas about patterned ground in Japan. So, it was hoped that from the viewpoint of genetical ideas, re-checking of patterned grounds might provide profound data for palaeogeography, if the works would be carried out without confusions. In this preliminary study, the authors did on-the-spot investigations at such mountains as Mt. Kamikochi (2803m) and Mt. Chausu (2600m) in the Southern Alps and Mt. Kaun (1954m) of Taisetsu Volcano in Central Hokkaido. After these field works, we analysed the observed data and materials, and discussed on genetical ideas and environment, under which these patterned grounds develop. Conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) According to Washburn's classification of patterned ground, the patterned ground we observed is classified as "sorted circles" from its morphological feature, and there are two groups of different sizes, diameter 10-15cm and 100-150cm. (2) The places where sorted circles develop are fiat or gentle slopes covered with weathe-red debris without vegetation covers, or some depressions formed by snow patch erosion and dammed up shallow valleys. Larger size sorted circles develop at the bottom of depressions, which are sometimes filled with snow-melted water during summer and also with weathered materials from bedrock. The altitudes are usually around 2, 500m in the Southern Alps, and around 1, 600m on Mt. Kaun in Hokkaido. In these areas, the altitude is above the timber-line and nearly the some with the zone of pines montana. (3) The observations of soil profiles of sorted circles show two stratified layers, coarse sand and debris for the upper, fine well sorted sand and silt for the lower. The boundary of these two layers is sharp and not horizontal but waved. Careful taking off of the upper layer enables one to observe the three dimensional forms of the boundary, and it shows the exi-stance of mound-like forms. There is an obvious relationship between this mound form and sorted surface features. The center of sorted circles consisted of fine materials coincides with the top of the peak part of mound form. The fringed contour of sorted circles consisted of coarse materials concides with the outskirts of mound. So this mound form controls the size of sorted circles. (4) There are no fissures and no sand wedges which cut deep the fringed contours of sorted circles. But the mound form of boundary shows the process that the lower fine sand and silt layer extrudes into the upper coarse sand and debris layer without developing fissures. (5) The features of sorted circles mentioned above support the idea by A. E. Corte, that is, by the multicycles of freeze-thaw, the lower fine material layers extrude into the upper layers, and this differential movement of particles forms the mound form. The depth of lower fine layers, termed as active layer, controls the size of sorted circles. By other mecha-nical sorting processes, the surface sorted circles will develop. Of course, it is hard to explain all processes and mechanisms of sorted circles by restricted genetical ideas, but the further advanced fieldworks and laboratory methods are hoped to be carried out in some areas distinguished as periglacial regionss in Japan.


First successful medical achievement in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) techniques was the announcement of Louise Brown in July 1978 in United Kingdom. Embryologists have a duty to apply correct and justified IVF procedures that will conclude good practice in the laboratory. The main steps of IVF laboratory procedures, these are aimed to give support and guidance to the laboratory staff are summarized. These steps will assist staff in achieving the best outcome for IVF patients. Successful results mainly depends on clinician and embryologist's participation and cooperation in IVF-ET (In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer) cliniques. For a complete evaluation of the results, this analysis should be performed in cooperation with the clinical staff.


Synthetic ether-linked analogues of phosphatidylcholine, collectively referred to as antitumour ether lipids or synthetic antitumour lipids (ATLs), are a versatile class of structurally-related and pharmacologically active alkylphospholipids with manifold biomedical applications that are able to kill tumour cells and protozoan parasites. This cytotoxic action of ATLs relies on their ability to affect signalling processes, inducing apoptosis in the target cell. ATLs comprise two subfamilies of compounds, namely: i) the so-called alkyl-lysophospholipid analogues or alkyl ether phospholipids, exemplified by edelfosine, which shows a selective antitumour action through a unique mechanism of action by intracellular activation of Fas/CD95 death receptor and its co-clustering with membrane rafts; and ii) the alkylphosphocholines (APCs), exemplified by miltefosine, which has become the first orally-effective treatment for visceral leishmaniasis. New clinically promising APC members include perifosine and erucylphosphocholine. Additional ATL therapeutic indications include multiple sclerosis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as psoriasis and viral infections. This review summarises the evidence and patented information supporting major ATL biomedical uses.


Continuous efforts are being made in some countries for the recovery of crude glycerin (RG/CG) and castor oil cake (COC), the two byproducts of biodiesel production. These are expected to help, not only in addressing environmental safety, but also in adding value to those byproducts, which otherwise may go to waste. Finding ways to utilize those byproducts underlines the main objective of this study. This paper presents the evaluation of (i) COC, glycerin and banana and sugarcane fibers for moisture content; (ii) COC for structural and thermal properties; and (iii) CG for its chemical characteristics. The possibility of using COC and CG with the selected fibers as reinforcement in the development of bio-composites is attempted through thermo-molding. Results revealed enhanced mechanical properties for these composites. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the observed morphology.


Students of child behavior generally believe that a child builds attachments to his parents as a result of their ministrations to him, and that he builds favorable attachments to other children in terms of pleasant and reinforcing experiences had with them. Observational studies of social behavior have sketched some detail within this general picture. Young children play together freely and select best friends regardless of sex. As children grow older there arises an increasing tendency to regard with favor one's own sex peers and with disdain, if not enmity, members of the opposite sex. This trend breaks down only during adolescence when both biological drives and the social setting favor heterosexuality. This period of increasing interest in and association with members of the opposite sex merges with the period of courtship and mate selection which society has institutionalized in various ways. Along with the growing interest in the peer group and as the child develops skills and independence, there is a waning of interest in the parent figures. This is said to be particularly noticeable in early adolescence, when a period of antagonism or, indeed, outright conflict with parents occurs. This conflict is resolved by parents readjusting their expectations of the children and according more freedom. Evidence from various studies asking children to name their preferred parent or best friend has been 1 This investigation was supported in part by a research grant (M-69o) from the National Institute of Mental Health, U.S. Public Health Service, and in part from funds supplied by the Institute of Child Welfare, University of Minnesota. Dr. Tseng, a Junior Scientist on this project staff, analyzed the data on the sentence completion test and originally suggested the project set forth in this paper.


An extensive literature shows that animals can be trained to avoid a flavored substance if sickness follows consumption. These experiments question the use of electrical aversion treatment for alcoholics and offer a strong rationale for the less popular chemical aversion treatment. These studies also suggested the following possible improvements to the design of chemical aversion treatment: (a) Lithium may be the preferred drug with which to produce sickness. (b) The strength of the alcohol-sickness association would be increased by minimizing competing associations between alcohol flavors and eliminating interference from non-alcohol flavors. (c) The sickness should be induced after the patient begins to drink even if this results in a considerable delay between drinking and the peak of sickness. (d) Intoxication may be avoided by having patients consume a small quantity of alcohol but allowed exposure mainly through smell and taste. -- In this study a treatment design incorporating the above main features received preliminary testing with 15 detoxified male-alcoholics. The patients received an average of six alcohol-sickness pairings spaced at least two days apart. Clinical results indicated that single oral dosages of 1500 and 1800 mg. of lithium carbonate were necessary to produce effective aversive reactions. No signs of lithium toxicity developed and serum lithium levels showed these dosages to be conservatively safe. Clear aversions to alcohol developed in 11 of 15 patients even though the alcohol was introduced a considerable time before sickness started. This was supported by reports of nausea and vomiting by relapsed patients and by patients who were inadvertently exposed to alcohol during treatment. The pattern of onset and duration of sickness developed by patients over treatment sessions was also indicative of conditioned sickness. The four patients who did not develop strong aversions to alcohol proved resistant to lithium sickness. A correlation of -.68 between degree of reaction to lithium and rate of excretion indicated a possibility of selecting out these poor reactors. A matched retrospective control group was drawn from 200 previous admissions and a one year follow-up will be reported separately.


In this paper, the stochastic linear state equation over Max-algebra for a serial production line is given. It is proven that a perturbation analysis is suitable for this kind of DEDS and a simple algorithm of the perturbation analysis is proposed.


As one of the most dangerous cyber attacks in smart grids, the false data injection attacks pose a serious threat to power system security. To detect the false data, the traditional residual method and other improved methods, such as the Kalman-filter-based detector, have been proposed. However, these methods often have defects, especially in a very complex networked system with noises. By investigating the tolerance to the uncertainty in the residual detection method and properties of noises, the attack magnitude planning has been presented to hide the attack behind noises, which can bypass the residual detection method. As to the Kalman-filter-based detector, this article designs a specific attack strategy that can successfully deceive the Kalman-filter-based detector. Under this strategy, the false data injected at each step are used to balance the anomalies caused by previous false data, making the system look quite normal in monitoring, while deviating the system from normal operation eventually.


A 35-year-old patient with no pertinent past medical history presented with recurrent abdominal pain of three months duration. There were no associated symptoms. The abdominal ultrasound showed a homogenous, well-circumscribed cystic mass in the pelvic cavity. The immunology of cystic echinococcosis was negative. Abdomen and pelvis CT scan revealed a pelvic cyst measuring six centimeters in diameter. The cyst wall appeared bumpy and communicated with a second adjacent small rounded lesion corresponding to a daughter cyst (figure). The rest of the imaging findings were unremarkable. The diagnosis of isolated peritoneal hydatid cyst was made. The patient underwent a cystectomy with uneventful postoperative course. Daughter cysts formation is common in the parasite evolution. They are usually endogenous [1]. In some cases, the daughter cysts are progressively pushed outwards and develop as exogenous extensions [2]. The daughter cyst sign is pathognomonic for hydatid disease and is usually seen in liver hydatid cysts. Daughter cysts are associated with a high risk of recurrence after surgery. Radical excision is to be preferred in these cases [3].


Trace explosives contamination is found primarily in the form of solid particulates on surfaces, due to the low vapor pressure of most explosives materials. Today, the standard sampling procedure involves physical removal of particulate matter from surfaces of interest. A variety of collection methods have been used including air-jetting or swabbing surfaces of interest. The sampled particles are typically heated to generate vapor for analysis in hand held, bench top, or portal detection systems. These sampling methods are time-consuming (and hence costly), require a skilled technician for optimal performance, and are inherently non-selective, allowing non-explosives particles to be co-sampled and analyzed. This can adversely affect the sensitivity and selectivity of detectors, especially those with a limited dynamic range. We present a new approach to sampling solid particles on a solid surface that is targeted, non-contact, and which selectively enhances trace explosive signatures thus improving the selectivity and sensitivity of existing detectors. Our method involves the illumination of a surface of interest with infrared laser light with a wavelength that matches a distinctive vibrational mode of an explosive. The resonant coupling of laser energy results in rapid heating of explosive particles and rapid release of a vapor plume. Neighboring particles unrelated to explosives are generally not directly heated as their vibrational modes are not resonant with the laser. As a result, the generated vapor plume includes a higher concentration of explosives than if the particles were heated with a non-selective light source (e.g. heat lamp). We present results with both benchtop infrared lasers as well as miniature quantum cascade lasers.


An ordered tree with height h is b-balanced if all its leaves have a level ' with h b ' h, where at least one leaf has a level equal to h b. For large n, we shall compute asymptotic equivalents to the number of allb-balanced ordered trees withn nodes and of all such trees with height h. Furthermore, assuming that all b-balanced ordered trees with n nodes are equally likely, we shall determine the exact asymptotic behaviour of the average height of such a tree together with the variance.


In modern in situ composite fabrication processes, the selection of optimal process parameters is greatly important for the preparation of best quality metal matrix composite. For achieving high-quality composite, an efficient optimization technique is essential. The present study explores the potential of a new robust algorithm named teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm for in situ process parameter optimization problems in fabrication of Al-4.5%Cu–TiC metal matrix composite fabricated by stir casting technique. Optimization process is carried out for optimizing the in situ processing parameters i.e. pouring temperature, stirring speed, reaction time for achieving better mechanical properties, i.e. better microhardness, toughness, and ultimate tensile strength. Taguchi's L25 orthogonal array design of experiment was used for performing the experiments. Grey relational analysis is used for the conversion of the multiobjective function into a single objective function, which is being used as the objective function in the teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm. Confirmation test results show that the developed teaching–learning-based optimization model is a very efficient and robust approach for engineering materials process parameter optimization problems.


PURPOSE
This study compared patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by high-amplitude left ventricular (LV) pacing with those who underwent CRT by standard LV pacing.

METHODS
We included 32 CRT patients with ejection fraction (EF) ≤35%, QRS time ≥120 ms, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV symptoms of heart failure despite optimal medical treatment. These patients were evaluated clinically and echocardiographically before, three and six months after CRT. At the 3(rd) month, the LV pulse amplitude value was set high at 5 volt for 16 patients [high-amplitude Group (HAG)], while for the other 16 patients, it was reduced to at least twice the threshold value at ≤2.5 volt [low-amplitude group (LAG)].

RESULTS
Clinical and echocardiographic response rates of HAG and LAG after CRT were similar in the 3(rd) and 6(th) month. In both groups, increase in LVEF and decrease in LV ESV in the 3(rd) and 6(th) month were statistically significant compared to those before CRT, and NYHA class and end-diastolic volume (EDV) was significantly reduced in the 6(th) month compared to those before CRT. However, NHYA class and EDV continued to reduce significantly in HAG from the 3(rd) to the 6(th) month (P<0.05), while the decrease in LAG was not significant (P>0.05). The rate of mitral regurgitation (MR) was reduced significantly in HAG in the 6(th) month compared to that before CRT, while the decrease in LAG was not significant (P<0.05; P>0.05 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
CRT by high-amplitude LV pacing was more effective according to clinical and echocardiographic evaluations. It should be considered as an alternative in non-responsive patients.


A method based on the random punchthrough volt of lowvoltage zener diode combined with a comparator was used to produce true random binary data stream which can be used to drive the phase controller in the QKD system to proform quantum cryptography.A continuous stream of random number at a maximum rate of 200 kbit/s can be generated.


This report describes the tests performed on a sample of ciprofloxacin 500 mg, tablets to determine the physicochemical quality according to international standards and laboratory analysis protocol of origin. Two trials were carried out in the Quality Control laboratory of the National Institute of Health.
The analyzes performed were: physical characteristics which was evaluated according to the manufacturer's technique, average weight according to British Pharmacopoeia, the result obtained was (115 ± 0.11) mg which complies with the specifications of the standard.
Identification and quantification were performed using the chromatographic parameters according to USP 39, the content obtained was 514.5 ± 0.11 mg / Tab which is accepted as a result and finally the dissolution test was performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy where the 6 samples analyzed obtained results no lower than 80% fulfilling the parameters of acceptance


Near-threshold growth of delamination fatigue cracks was investigated in unidirectional laminates made from Ciba Geigy prepregs 914C both under mode I and mixed mode of I and II. Double cantilever beam specimens (DCB) were used for mode I tests. Cracked lap shear specimens (CLS) were used for mixed mode tests. The stress ratio, R, of the minimum to maximum stress was kept constant in the tests, and the constant value was between 0.1 and 0.5. Cyclic load was shed automatically by keeping maximum displacement constant. In the region of rates above about 1-5×10-10m/cycle, the crack growth rate is expressed as a power function of fracture mechanics parameters. Below this region, there exists the growth threshold for both mode I and mixed mode. When compared at the same value of fracture mechanics parameters, the crack growth rate for mixed mode is higher than that for mode I. The values of crack growth threshold under mixed mode were smaller than those under mode I. The influence of the stress ratio becomes smaller when the crack growth rate is correlated to the energy release rate range than when the crack growth rate is correlated to the stress intensity range or the maximum energy release rate. The relative contributions of the maximum stress and of the cyclic stress on the crack growth rate are discussed on the bases of fractographic observation and mechanism consideration. The contribution of the maximum stress was high.


The O.J. Simpson case is but a recent example of the high profile criminal trials that have garnered unprecedented public attention and scrutiny. In March, 1991, for example, no one could ignore the brutal beating of Rodney King, captured on videotape and broadcast innumerable times before and after the trials of the police officers accused in the case. And certainly few will forget the aftermath of the state's prosecution in Simi Valley, California, when an all-white jury acquitted the police officers. The upsurge of rage culminating in the Los Angeles rebellion demonstrated the politicized nature of the criminal trial: The police officers' acquittals epitomized for many the larger political reality that African-Americans continue to be uniquely victimized by police power in a nation that has historically refused to do anything about it.' To witness a continued disregard for racism evokes profound despair in communities like South Central Los Angeles. If, after all of this time, not even the objective proof of a videotape could convince ajury that white police officers had brutalized a Black man, what could? For many African-Americans, the real source of rage stemmed not from the videotape, but from the trial's removal from the racially diverse city of Los Angeles to a white middle-class enclave in Simi Valley, which produced a jury that included no AfricanAmericans.' The acquittal in the King case illustrated vividly that this case was not simply about one man's experience. Rather, African-Americans viewed it as an indictment of the racism that remains deeply entrenched in this country. Rodney King could have been any African-American, and therein lies the foundation for fear, anger, and hopelessness. It is this identification with the victim in the context of high-profile criminal trials that Professor George Fletcher describes in his book, With Justice for Some. Fletcher expresses anger that the criminal justice system subjects victims to further victimization and characterizes the reaction and riots following the King acquittal as an example of victims engaging in the "political trial." The victims of whom he speaks-homosexuals,


In this paper, we present a rigorous numerical analysis for a bounded artificial viscosity model ($\tau=\mu\delta^\sigma a(\delta\|\nabla^s\bm{u}\|_F)\nabla^s\bm{u})$ for the numerical simulation of turbulent flows. In practice, the commonly used Smagorinsky model ($\tau=(c_s\delta)^2\|\nabla^s\bm{u}\|_F\,\nabla^s\bm{u}$) is overly dissipative and yields unphysical results. To date, several methods for "clipping" the Smagorinsky viscosity have proven useful in improving the physical characteristics of the simulated flow. However, such heuristic strategies strongly rely upon a priori knowledge of the flow regime. The bounded artificial viscosity model relies on a highly nonlinear, but monotone and smooth, semilinear elliptic form for the artificial viscosity. For this model, we have introduced a variational computational strategy, provided finite element error convergence estimates, and included several computational examples indicating its improvement on the overly diffusive Smagorinsky model.


Design of pavements for low-cost, low-volume roads is a complex procedure involving numerous variables. Because of the development of new information in the pavement field during the past decade, the complexity of the interaction of these design variables is better understood, and the need for a systematic approach to the problem of pavement design and management has become evident. This paper applies this systematic approach to the design and management of low-volume Forest Service roads. The paper summarizes the problem analysis efforts of the project staff. The type of working pavement design system developed in Texas as a conceptual base was used to extensively examine the major subsystems that make up the majority of existing pavement management systems for higher types of roads. In attempting to define these basic components for the proposed low-volume road system, we found that interaction between the project research staff and Forest Service personnel was of great importance. This interaction was achieved in the form of an interagency brainstorming session and later an importance rating of the ideas presented at that session. The results of this interaction along with the research efforts of the project staff allowed for an initial definition of the major components in the proposed system. Where complete definition of these subsystems was not possible, relevant questions and ideas were formulated for consideration in their further development. An example conceptual pavement management system for low-volume roads that incorporates all the ideas and concepts developed is presented. Development of a pavement management system for low-volume Forest Service roads is indeed feasible and should be pursured. Recommendations for major areas of further research are also given.


Consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure a redriver circuit is provided for a first and a second serial-unidirectional communications channel. The redriver circuit conditions received data signals by adjusting signal properties to correct for signal level attenuation and noise. The conditioned data signals are transmitted to corresponding outputs of the channels. The redriver circuit disables, in response to a first enable signal being inactive, current drawing circuitry of components for both channels on a common side of the redriver. The redriver circuit disables, in response to a second enable signal being inactive, current drawing circuitry of components for both channels on the other side of the redriver.


Notes: all years referred to in describing the budgetary effects of changes in the economy are federal fiscal years, which run from October 1 to September 30 and are designated by the calendar year in which they end. years referred to in describing estimated changes to the economy are calendar years. Numbers in the text and tables may not add up to totals because of rounding. How Changes in Economic Conditions Might Affect the Federal Budget: 2020 to 2030


The article presents a method for calculating the loads on the blades - elements of the deflecting module of the push-the-bit rotary steerable system for directional drilling of oil and gas wells, affecting its reliability. It is shown that the reliability of rotary steerable systems is of particular importance as the development of unconventional oil fields expands - a highcost process that increases attention to specific factors of reliability of drilling equipment. A feature of the method for calculating the loads on the deflecting blades proposed by the authors is the representation of the rotary steerable system as an absolutely elastic rod, which is acted upon by a complex of forces arising from the directional wells with horizontal wavy segments. As a result of calculations, conditions were determined under which the interaction of forces acting on the deflecting blades will create a load close to the maximum permissible values, which increases the risk of failure of the entire bottomhole assembly of the rotary steerable system. The key condition was the change in the drilling segments of directional wells from ascending to descending when drilling a horizontal section with a wave profile, as a result of which there is a multiple load drop on the deflecting blades. Based on the calculated data, with an increase in the axial load, it is recommended to adjust the drilling mode to reduce the risk of failure of the push-the-bit rotary steerable system.


The reality show "Big Brother" represents a metaphor for the transformation of contemporary media toward its commercialization and the primate which is given to entertainment as opposed to classic informative and educational content, which, in Serbia, takes place in the context of post-socialist transformation. The hyper commercialized character of "Big Brother" is the product of a new guiding idea in the media sphere, which is to measure success only on the criteria of ratings. In all versions of "Big Brother" (the "ordinary" as well as VIP), the framework of the reality show is made up of two elements: the phenomenon of surveillance and the commercial principle of the programme. In this paper we wanted to take these two themes - surveillance and commercialization - and connect them through the concepts of the "panopticon"/"synopticon" and "ratings". In the analysis and discussion we will show that the newfangled criteria of "ratings" is directly dependent on the situation in which the viewers of the reality format find themselves, situations in which "many view and decide on the fate of the few". We will analyze the ways in which the very production of the reality show is geared toward influencing the ratings, through interventions and the direction done by the production team, but also the reception of the show in specialized forums. In the second case, a netography of the reception of VIP BB 2013 was undertaken, taking into account the discussions in the forum and the monitoring of YouTube videos. Based on this, we singled out the most viewed moments in the reality show, and considered the reasons why certain events and/or actors who participated in them garnered special attention among viewers, thus increasing the ratings of the show, but also multiplicating the commercial effect through the participation of viewers through different media platforms (websites, forums, online votes etc.)


Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory,especially the inhibitory effects of TZT-5,an active component from the leaves of Triterygium wilfordii,on the rheumatoid arthritis of rats and to explore its pharmacodynamic effect using an arthritic model of rats.Methods The ear swelling model induced by croton oil in mice,paw edema model induced by carrageenin in rats,chicken collagen Ⅱ(CCⅡ)-induced arthritic model,and adjuvant-induced arthritic(AIA) model in rats were established,respectively.The in vivo anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects of TZT-5 on the rheumatoid arthritis of rats were observed.Results TZT-5 could alleviate the symptoms of the above four inflammation animal models,ameliorate the infiltration of inflammatory cells in synovium,and inhibit the proliferation of synovial cells in both CCII-induced arthritic models and AIA models of rats.Conclusion TZT-5 has the ideal anti-inflammatory effects on CCII-induced arthritic model and AIA model of rats and it is a candidate as a new anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug.


In January 1903, the new Regius Professor of History at Cambridge, J.B. Bury, delivered a famous inaugural lecture on 'the Science of History', proclaiming the virtues of collective research and scholarship over the traditional belletristic qualities of English historical writing, reaching back to Gibbon, Macaulay and Carlyle. Bertrand Russell, G. M. Trevelyan and Lytton Strachey, who were in the audience, were not impressed.


As early as the 1980s it became apparent that the mission of the CRFJ could no longer be restricted to archeology and prehistory. The Israeli universities, heirs of European universities, and seeded by American universities, had much to offer to French researchers, from doctoral students to senior investigators, working in those specific fields where being in Jerusalem was a must. It was clear that a whole range of topics in the social sciences and humanities were being extensively investigat...


Sir, 'References' in an article includes the list of articles, books or the communications that have been referred to/consulted in presenting the document. They provide the source of the information being quoted in the article. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has created the Uniform Requirements, primarily to help authors and editors in their mutual task of creating and distributing accurate, clear, easily accessible reports of biomedical studies.


Some embodiments include a planarization method. A liner is formed across a semiconductor substrate and along posts that extending upwardly from the substrate. Organic fill material is formed over the liner and between the posts. A planarized surface is formed which extends across the posts and across one or both of the liner and the fill material. Some embodiments include a semiconductor construction containing a semiconductor die. Electrically conductive posts extend through the die. The posts have upper surfaces above a backside surface of the die, and have sidewall surfaces extending between the backside surface and the upper surfaces. A liner is across the backside surface of the die and along the sidewall surfaces of the posts. Electrically conductive caps are over the upper surfaces of the posts, and have rims along the liner adjacent the sidewall surfaces of the posts.


in this paper, Spatial Correlation-based Distributed Compressed Sensing (SCDCS) model and algorithm are presented in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), where spatial correlation and joint sparse models between the sensor nodes can be exploited in order to compress and reconstruct sensor observations in an energy efficient manner based on coding/decoding algorithm of SCDCS. Finally, the analysis of relationship between reconstruction error and compression ratio in SCDCS is carried out in simulation. Simulation results show that SCDCS can achieve acceptable estimation accuracy in an energy efficient way.


After tracing the emergence of historical documents as literature in the twentieth century, this essay describes a particular method for devising an historical/documentary drama for readers theatre. The method relies on a central historical event (the Army‐McCarthy Hearings) as the drama's nucleus, and integrates tangential historical incidents to unify the major action in dramatizing the repressive nature of the McCarthy Era.


Objective: To investigate the treatment of thymosin Tα1 liver damage associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome clinical efficacy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our hospital from August 2009 to December 2010 diagnosed hospitalized patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in 86 cases, the above cases had divided into two groups according to admission, treatment group 54 patients and the control group of 32 patients, two groups of patients admitted to hospital after basic treatment and comprehensive treatment of the same, but the treatment group were given additional thymosin Tα1 1.6 mg, every other day, subcutaneous injection, once every 14 d. Clinical efficacy were observed. Results: Liver function normal time, the treatment group on average (12.50±2.25) d, an average of the control group (18.20±3.28) d, there was significant difference (P0.05). Pain disappeared t=13.59, P0.01; normal body temperature t=9.48, P0.01; urine protein disappeared t=6.75, P0.05; platelet normalization t=2.86, P0.05; BUN normalization t=6.86, P0.01; hospital days t=6.31, P0.01. Thymosin Tα1 not found any side effects. Conclusion: Thymosin Tα1 treatment of liver injury associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome marked effect, can improve and regulate cellular immune function.


stanley Cavell often speaks of inheriting and carrying on the work of ludwig Wittgenstein, Ralph Waldo emerson, Henry David thoreau, and other writers. these writers help him move on in his own thinking, turning him around when he feels lost, provoking him when he gets discouraged or stuck. His indebtedness to J. l. austin in the acknowledgements to Must We Mean What We Say? (1969) captures one way he benefits from all the writers who have influenced him: "to the late J. l. austin i owe, beyond what i hope is plain in my work, whatever is owed the teacher who shows one a way to do relevantly and fruitfully the thing one had almost given up hope of doing."1 By taking up the work of the writers he values, Cavell hopes to undo what he sees as their neglect and misappropriation by the culture at large and by the academic profession. He makes his case for these writers not so much by exhortation as by his own use of them. the impact of Cavell's own writing on his readers continues to unfold, as these three books attest. each is a helpful collection of essays by scholars in various fields discussing his work. Reading Cavell includes


In this paper, we proposed a novel technique for face recognition using image cross-covariance analysis (ICCA), based on the two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) technique. In conventional 2DPCA, the image covariance matrix is directly calculated via 2D images in matrix form, by concept of the covariance of a random variable. We found that it is not the optimal solution for 2DPCA framework. Because some useful information for classification is neglected. Thus, we introduced an image cross-covariance matrix which is a generalized form of the image covariance matrix. This matrix is defined by two variables. The first variable is the original image and the second one is the shifted version of the former. In this way, all information can be analyzed by 2DPCA frameworks. In this paper, the singular value decomposition (SVD) of image cross-covariance matrix is used to determine the optimal projection matrices. Experimental results on Yale, ORL and AR face databases show the improvement of our proposed techniques over the conventional 2DPCA technique.


Ultrasonic velocity measurements were made to yield the elastic stiffness constants of silicon carbide particle (SiCp) reinforced metal-matrix composites (SiC{sub p}/7091 Al) and woven fabric reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (Nicalon{trademark}/SiC). For SiC{sub p}/7091 Al composites the stiffness constants were determined by immersion ultrasonics. A dry-coupling ultrasonic method was used to measure the longitudinal moduli of the Nicalon{trademark}/SiC composites. The stiffness constants were found to be sensitive to the microstructure in each composite system. A unified micromechanics model was developed to predict the effect of microstructure on the elastic moduli of the two types of composites studied. The predicted moduli were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.


During the operation of electric power transformers, their insulation systems (most often made of cellulose paper and mineral oil) are subjected to thermal, electrical, and mechanical stresses. Consequently, a continuous degradation process occurs, impacting the dielectric properties of both oil and paper. Even though the thermal ageing process of oil-paper insulation is well known, ambiguities still exist regarding the electrical stress influences upon the insulation materials. The paper presents an experimental study on the degradation of mineral oil when exposed to high strength electric field and partial discharges. In order to examine the influence of high strength electric field on oil's dielectric properties, an accelerated experimental method is proposed. The laboratory tests are conducted by causing local partial discharges in a special designed ageing cell contained a small amount of mineral oil. Dielectric spectroscopy is employed to evaluate the influence of ageing process on the real and imaginary parts of relative permittivity and dielectric loss factor. The results obtained show the ability of the proposed method to enable an accelerated oil degradation, proven by important changes of its dielectric properties.


STO is one of the most interesting photo catalyst water splitting reaction and photo degradation of organic pollutants because of its strong catalytic activity, non chemical stability, photochemical stability and good biological compatibility. STO is a bimetallic oxide possessing perovskite structure (Jinshu Wang, 2004; Tarawipa Puangpetch, 2008 and Gomathi Devi, 2018). SnO2 is a wide band gap semiconductor and can absorb only UV light of shorter wavelength (Gomathi, 2018; Wang Cun, 2002 and Lin Xu, 2012). STO is usually coupled with other semiconductors of lower band gap which is a novel approach to achieve efficient charge separatio coupling increases the life time of the charge carriers and enhances the charge transfer process especially at the interface. The excitation of one of the semiconductor can lead to the transfer of electrons into the lower lying conduction band (CB) of the second semiconductor. The hole formed in this process can accumulate in the valance band (VB) of first semiconductor. Hence excited electrons and holes are separated effectively leading to the enhanced photocatalytic activity. The interfacial charge transfer process can be considered as band gap engineering provided the metal oxides have compatible band gap structure. In the present case STO


A novel passive lossless soft-switching single inductor dual buck full-bridge inverter (PLSSIDBFBI) is presented in this paper. To accomplish this, a passive lossless snubber circuit is added to a dual buck full-bridge inverter. Therefore, the advantages of the dual buck full-bridge inverter are included in the proposed inverter, and the inverter has just one filter inductor, which can decrease the system volume and improve the integration. In addition, the passive lossless snubber circuit achieves soft-switching by its own resonance, and all of the energy stored in the passive lossless snubber circuit can be transferred to load. A comparison between eight topologies is performed in this paper, and the analysis shows that the proposed soft-switching inverter topology has high reliability and efficiency. Finally, experimental results obtained with a 1 kW prototype verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the prominent characteristics of a reduced switching loss and improved efficiency.


Streamer discharge is the inaugural stage of gas discharge, and the average electron energy directly determines the electron collision reaction rate, which is a key parameter for studying streamer discharge. Therefore, taking into account the average electron energy, this work establishes a fluid chemical reaction model to simulate and study the course of evolution of a streamer discharge in a 5 mm rod–plate gap, considering 12 particles and 27 chemical reactions. It introduces the electron energy drift diffusion equation into the control equation, and analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of average electron energy, electric field intensity and electron density with change in rod radius and voltage. The effects of voltage and rod radius on the course of streamer discharge can be reflected more comprehensively by combining the average electron energies. Three different values of 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm are set for the rod radius, and three different values of 5 kV, 6 kV and 7 kV are set for the voltage. The influence of an excitation reaction on the streamer discharge is studied. The findings indicate that, as voltage raises, the streamer head's electron density, electric field and average electron energy all rise, and the streamer develops more quickly. When the rod radius increases, the electron density, electric field and average electron energy of the streamer head all decrease, and the streamer's evolution slows down. When an excitation reaction is added to the model, the average electron energy, the magnitude of the electric field and the density of electrons decrease, and the evolution of the streamer slows down. An increase in average electron energy will lead to an increase in electric field strength and electron density, and the development of the streamer will be faster.


The education of children with SEN requires a multidisciplinary as well as a multidirectional response, the independence at various levels can only be achieved under these conditions. Family involvement in this process is essential. Therefore we believe that attending a counseling program, parents of children with SEN will get efficient attitudes and educational skills, related to the needs of their children. The study made on a group of 30 parents of enrolled children in a special school, highlights both the children educational needs and changes in parents educational conduct.


there was a difference in mean scores obtained by each rater of + 3.24 (s.d. 2.68, t= 2.05). This results in a 95% range for agreement between observers of —¿ 2.25 to 8.73. The †̃¿ true' value of the mean differ ence was considered as a measure of bias between observers and was obtained by calculating 95% con fidence intervals. From the samples studied, the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference was found to be 1.36 to 5.12. As zero lay outside this interval it was concluded that significant bias existed between observers. Studies purporting to demonstrate a relationship between tardive dyskinesia, medication, and other indices in this group of individuals must take into account difficulties in objective assessment and significant bias between observers.


To obtain the aerodynamic characteristics within a Doosan Babcock energy limited(DBEL) down-fired supercritical utility boiler,measured the flow field at different tertiary air ratios of 0%,6%,and 12% within a cold 1∶20-scaled model for a DBEL down-fired 600 MWe supercritical utility boiler.For all three ratio settings,a deflected flow field appeared in the lower furnace and the downward airflow near the rear wall was directed upward much earlier than that near the front wall.The certain cross-sectional longitudinal-velocity components,the decay of the downward airflow as well as airflow penetration depths all displayed particularly poor symmetries along the furnace center in the zones near the front and rear walls.As the tertiary air ratio increased,the flow-field deflection became turbulent and the reach of the downward airflow near the rear wall decreased clearly more rapidly than that near the front wall.


This paper describes a variable-gain, optimal, discrcte, output feedback design approach that is applied to a nonlinear flight regime. The flight regime covers a wide angle-of-attack range that includes stall and post stall. The paper includes brief descriptions of the variable-gain formulation, the discrete-control structure and flight equations used to apply the design approach, and the high performance airplane model used in the application. Both linear and nonlinear analysis are shown for a longitudinal four-model design case with angles of attack of 5°, 15°, 35 °, and 60 °. Linear and nonlinear simulations are compared for a single-point longitudinal design at 60 ° angle of attack. Nonlinear simulations for the four-model, multi-mode, variable-gain design include a longitudinal pitch-up and pitch-down maneuver and high angle-ofattack regulation during a lateral maneuver.


John R. Cable, Advisor The spectroscopy and exciton coupling in a series of conformationally flexible bichromophoric molecules have been investigated in a supersonic jet. The investigated molecules are: 1,2-diphenylethane (DPE), 1,2-bis(4-methylphenyl)ethane (M2DPE), 5,6,11,12tetrahydrodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene (THDC), cis and trans isomers of 1,2-diphenylcyclopropane (DPCP), 2-phenylindane (2PI), and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)indane (2FPI). Resonant enhanced twophoton ionization (R2PI) spectra of these compounds and many of their deuterated isotopomers have been recorded for the first time. The observed spectral features have been assigned. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the dipole-dipole based Forster theory, and the supramolecular model of bichromophoric molecules with identical chromophores. Analysis of the experimental data is facilitated by the spectral analysis of the single chromophore analogues of the investigated bichromophoric molecules. These include ethylbenzene-d0, α-ethylbenzene-d1, cis and trans isomers of 1-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane, and 2-methylindane. The molecular structures and other properties of the investigated molecules in their ground and exited singlet states have been computed at various levels of theory. The calculations predict energetic preference of localized electronic excitation of most of the investigated molecules, suggesting weak inter-chromophore interactions in the excited states. Transition density surfaces indicate that the lowest excited singlet states of most of the investigated molecules have Lb ππ character. Two conformers of DPE, M2DPE, THDC, and 2-methylindan have been observed. The rest of the investigated molecules are found to exist in a single conformation. The 0 2 S S ← transitions of both anti and gauche conformers of DPE, the anti conformer of M2DPE, the chair


Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(1) As is evident from the title of this piece, and the editorial published in last month's issue of Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (ANZJP), 'following on' from having celebrated 50 years of the journal we intend to continue the fun and festivities into 2018 in the form of a contest between the two journals ANZJP and the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJPsych). To this end, I am grateful to my counterpart Professor Kamaldeep Bhui, Editor of the BJPsych, who is captaining the English team in the Psychiatry Ashes Test 2018. We will return to this titillating matter (see below), but as is customary for the first issue of the year, we turn first to general affairs and then briefly review some of the papers in this issue.


HOMER is a tool that allows learners to create qualitative models of system behaviour. HOMER is organised as a set of builders and tools. Builders capture knowledge and use diagrammatic representations for that purpose. Tools are interactive dialogues for modifying the content of builders. In this paper we present the results of a study examining how learners use HOMER. Two aspects are evaluated, the usability of the tool and the model-building problems learners may have. The results show that HOMER is usable and that violation of usability factors does not prevent learners from building complex models. Next, to assessing the usability, the goal of the experiment was to investigate the model-building problems that learners have when using tools such as HOMER. These problems are also discussed in this paper. In further research they will be the basis for developing interactive support to improve the usefulness of the tool for learning.


Review(s) of: Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse, by David W. Orr. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, 261 pp. ISBN: 978-0-19-539353-8.


The Typological Database System (TDS) is a web-based service that provides integrated access to a collection of independently created typological databases. It was developed with support from NWO grant 380-30-004 / INV-03-12 and from participating universities, and provides continued availability and extended documentation for its component databases, through a uniform structure and search interface. Web technologies evolve rapidly, and the system had begun to show its age even before the end of the project in 2009, motivating migration of the data collection to an archival platform. Through its Project Call 1, CLARIN-NL granted funding for migrating the resource to a durable, archival environment and converting it to a true web service architecture.


Receptor activator of NF-κB Ligand,a typeⅡtransmembrane protein,is so far the only one factor that can induce differentiation、maturation of osteoclastgenesis and mediating its function.Receptor activator of NF-κB,a typeⅠtransmembrane protein,is the unique receptor of RANKL,and it is very key for RANKL to educe function.Osteoprotegerin is a secretary glucoprotein which can link to RANK and inhibit bone resorption,enhance bone formation.Recently, many studies indicate that RANKL can not only play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis,but also be influenced by many factors,and open up broad prospect for the therapy of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.


The article discusses the possession and exorcism of sixteen-year-old Nicole Obry (1565-1566). It offers a three-layer interpretation of the case and argues that a combination of psychological, political, and gender issues brought about the woman's possession. I first suggest that possession by either good or evil spirits was a culturally recognized syndrome that allowed laypeople, mostly women, to express religious concern in a society that did not permit laywomen to address spiritual issues in more normative ways. Indeed, in her own perception prior to the clerical intervention, Nicole regarded herself as a visionary and not as a demoniac.The complexity of spirit possession as a psychological and psychopathological behavior also necessitates a personal (sub)conscious motivation, and I suggest that metaphors of penetration and possessions were directly related to Nicole's personal experiences and anxieties as a young woman.The social/cultural and the personal contexts are then connected to the religious tensions in early modern northern France. These events increased Nicole's personal anxieties and legitimated her initiative to address religious matters.


This paper offers an overview of the problem about the quotation of 'Maximus' by Eusebius. Certainty is hard to get by regarding this question. We may perhaps conclude that Eusebius knew practically nothing of Maximus and he cannot have been equally ignorant of Methodius' work. The extract, inserted in Eusebius' Praeparatio evangelica, has followed an earlier source, which has attributed to Maximus the Methodius' passage. Probably, Maximus was a Christian author, who wrote writings in which God, matter and free will were central subjects. The article cannot claim to offer the ultimate solution, but it gives good insight in the problems and possible solutions.


This investigation explores the solar cap benefits to its users. The reason behind the main focus on this is because it is very commonly used in summer and in sports game like golf, cricket, and badminton. Even the people who are working outdoors, tourists and those who are willing to climb mountain basically prefer a cap for preventing from huge sunshine. Particularly in summer to prevent from sunstroke solar cap is the best gift as it lowers the temperature and make facial condition sound. The novel design is also fun for kids and beneficial to all kind of ages. This type of solar cap with fan technology is an efficient & intelligent way to prevent face from high temperature. By the use of solar cap, one will get to meet the desire cooling to the face by the use of renewable energy.


Dr. D.M. Warner, Renal Unit, Concord Hospital, Sydney NSW 2139 (Australia) Dear Sir, The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has previously been shown to be significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure including end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but not to correlate directly with the aetiology of the renal disease, the duration of dialysis, or the type of dialysis membrane used [1, 2]. To ascertain whether the chronic interstitial changes common to all severe renal diseases [3], or the uraemic environment, cause the elevation of the ESR in ESRD, we compared the ESR and haemoglobin levels in 18 subjects who retained their original kidneys (nephric patients) and 18 who had undergone bilateral nephrec-tomy (anephric patients), matched for age, sex and method of dialysis. Plasma fibrinogen levels were also measured in 16 subjects in each group. There was no significant difference in the ESR, the haemoglobin or plasma fibrinogen levels between the nephric and anephric patients (table 1). The ESR and plasma fibrinogen levels did, however, correlate. Furthermore, whereas the haemoglobin and plasma fibrinogen levels were higher in the 26 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than in the 10 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis, there was no significant difference in the ESR between the two dialysis groups. It is the uraemic environment, therefore, which results in the elevation of the ESR in ESRD. Chronic inflammatory changes in the diseased kidneys are not the principle cause of abnormalities in the ESR, haemoglobin or plasma fibrinogen levels. References Bathon J, Graves J, Jens P, et al: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in end-stage renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1987;10:34–40. Shusterman N, Kimmel PL, Kiechle FL, et al: Factors influencing erythrocyte sedimentation in patients with chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1796–1799. Freedman LR: Interstitial renal inflammation, including pyelonephritis and urinary tract infection; in Early LE, Gottschalk CW (eds): Strauss and Welt's Diseases of the Kidney, ed 3 Boston, Little, Brown, 1979, pp 817–876.


With regards to the characteristics of time delay system and the weakness of single predictive control, this paper puts forward a control scheme of multi step ahead prediction and compensation, which increases control power effectively, and improves dynamic characteristics of the system. The paper also discusses the relationship between the step number of prediction and compensation and the stability of systems.


Review(s) of: Dealing with Alcohol: Indigenous usage in Australia, New Zealand and Canada, by Sherry Saggers and Dennis Gray, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1998.


Abstract: The present project arises with the interest of examining audiovisual content dedicated and based on women to interpret gender discourse approaches and how women can be empowered through public television. It is developed through a content analysis methodology, taking Canal Capital's program; Ni reinas,
ni cenicientas (2012-2015) as a study case.


We investigated the ability of the sPLA2, known as MT‐III, isolated from the viperid snake Bothrops asper, to induce LB formation in macrophages and the major cellular signaling pathways involved in this process. The effects of MT‐III on ADRP localization and expression and macrophage ultrastructure were assessed. Our results showed that this sPLA2 induced a marked increase in LB numbers in macrophages, induced the recruitment of ADRP in macrophages, and up‐regulated ADRP expression. Ultrastructural analysis showed the presence of weakly and strongly osmiophilic LBs in sPLA2‐stimulated cells. Enlargement of the ER and Golgi cisterns was also observed. Pretreatment of cells with H7 or staurosporine (PKC inhibitors), LY294002 or wortmannin (PI3K inhibitors), SB202190 or PD98059 (p38MAPK and ERK1/2 inhibitors, respectively), or Pyr‐2 or Bel (cPLA2 and iPLA2 inhibitors, respectively) significantly reduced sPLA2‐induced LB formation. Herbimycin (a PTK inhibitor) and indomethacin or etoricoxib (COX inhibitors) failed to alter sPLA2‐induced effects. In conclusion, our results show for the first time the ability of a venom sPLA2 to induce the formation of LBs and the expression of ADRP in macrophages. Venom PLA2‐induced LB formation is dependent on PKC, PI3K, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, cPLA2, and iPLA2 signaling pathways but not on PTK, COX‐1, or COX‐2 pathways. Activation of the ER and Golgi complex may play an important role in the formation of LBs induced by this sPLA2 in macrophages.


The problem of part mating and assembly with close tolerances has been addressed in the past by active or passive compliance and by force/position control. With ambient sensor and transmission noise and with imprecise measurements it is often difficult to attain high precision in manipulator positioning. A compliant wrist position sensor with a fuzzy logic rule base was designed by the author to address this problem. In this article, after a brief review of this sensor, optimization of its fuzzy rule base is discussed. The optimization results are then presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Tungsten transport is investigated in WEST long pulse L-mode plasmas operated with the strike point on the actively cooled upper tungsten divertor. The pulses are mostly heated by lower hybrid waves. It is experimentally found that tungsten does not centrally accumulate throughout these ∼ 30 s reproducible discharges despite large normalised electron density gradients R/Lne. To explain these observations, turbulent and neoclassical transport of electrons and tungsten ions are computed with GKW Peeters A.G. et al (2009 Computer Phys. Commnun. 180 2650) and NEO Belli E. and Candy J. (2008 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 095010), Belli E. and Candy J. (2012 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54 015015) respectively. Additionally, interpretative integrated modelling simulations are also performed to keep data coherency despite the lack of measurements of some quantities such as the Ti profiles. Modelled R/Lne are found consistent with interferometry inversions and the tungsten peaking factor R/LnW remains comparable to R/Lne due to dominant turbulent diffusivities inside r/a=0.3−0.8. In the central region r/a<0.3 neoclassical W transport dominates but the convective velocities are several order of magnitudes lower compared to plasmas with toroidal rotation velocities induced by a neutral beam injection (NBI) torque. Finally, nitrogen is seeded in these pulses leading to an enhanced energy content which is consistent with stabilised ion temperature gradient modes from dilution.


Nature has provided us all fundamental resources such as air, water and land for growth, development and survival. Air is a mixture of various gases in which nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and rest other gases are main constituents. Water is making hydrosphere in land which account 65% of out body and blood contain 83%. It is chief natural resource. However the safe water become scarce commodity owing to huge blending of contaminated water. We have taken montly as well as seasonal investigation of the water from different aquatic sources in Balco industrial area. 30 Water samples are collected from ten sites (BS1 to BS10) in 2L capacity containers (July 2009 to Sep. 2009) for physical and chemical analysis especially selected heavy metals such as Fe, Al, Zn, Mn and As by recommend procedures. Statistical investigation reveals that mean value for turbidity (SW 156.6 NTU, GW 32.7 NTU), TH (SW 655.3 mg/L), Fe (SW 1.303, GW 2.830 mg/L), Al(SW 2.111 mg/L, GW 0.437 mg/L) were found above the threshold value. Strong +ive relation was calculated for SW and GW between TS vs TDS [SW r(t) = + 0.938(2.706), GW = + 0.977(4.582)]. The high % CV was calculated for Zn 151.8 (GW) and 146.2 ( SW). According to results obtained, it is suggested water sources are not suitable for human consumption, without former treatment.


Calystegia silvatica or great bindweed has recently become a problematic weed in riparian zones but the information available about the control of C. silvatica with herbicides is limited. The current study was undertaken to gain more information about aspects of the control of C. silvatica with herbicides and of the biology and taxonomy of C. silvatica. In Experiment 1 a range of translocated herbicides were applied to established plants in the field. Herbicides were applied in autumn and it was found that none of the herbicides applied, at the rates they were applied at, controlled 100% of the C. silvatica. However triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid and 2,4-D/dicamba showed significant control of C. silvatica spring regrowth. Aminopyralid alone and glyphosate also showed some long term control. Both metsulfuron and clopyralid showed poor control. The same herbicides applied in the field were also applied in autumn to young C. silvatica grown in pots in a glasshouse. Fluroxypyr and 2,4-D (ester) were also tested. Herbicides were applied to either the upper portion or the lower portion of the plants to determine whether it matters if only part of the plant is treated when trying to avoid spraying nearby native plants in the field. As with the field trial, no plants were totally controlled. However triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid, aminopyralid and 2,4D/dicamba showed good control of C. silvatica. Clopyralid and fluroxypyr showed poor control. The effect of fluroxypyr on C. silvatica was previously unknown. For most of the herbicides there was no difference in the level of control between those herbicides applied to the upper portion compared with the lower portion. Control options for C. silvatica are discussed. Seeds of C. silvatica were found to be quite large, potentially making them vulnerable to predation. There has also been uncertainty over the amount of seeds that C. silvatica can produce and it was found that C. silvatica has, on average, one viable seed per pod. Few seeds were found in the upper soil layer beneath dense C. silvatica stands but all were viable. From the germination studies it was gleaned that C. silvatica seeds need scarification and can germinate in temperatures from 5 – 25C with few seeds emerging at 5C and rapid germination when the seeds were kept at 20 and 25C. The plants used in the trials were identified as Calystegia silvatica subspecies disjuncta and it was found that Calystegia silvatica subspecies disjuncta is the most common form growing in the local area. A key for identifying the Calystegia species which could


In the title compound, C17H15FO3S, the fluorophenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 76.11 (5)° with the mean plane of the benzofuran fragment. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions.


Objective:To compare the effect of sevoflurane inhalation depends on the basis of intramuscular injection of ketamine anesthesia and then as the basis of caudal block anesthesia in the inguinal hernia sac high ligation in children.Methods:Choose 60 cases of children with the inguinal hernia,ASA Ⅰ grade,age 1 to 6 years.The 60 cases were randomly divided into inhaled sevoflurane group(group S),intramuscular injection of ketamine group(group K).Patients were observed in HR,BP,sleep time,awake time,respiratory secretions,restlessness,nausea,vomiting and other adverse reactions.Results:HR in group K was faster than in group S were significantly different(P0.01).Awake time,and adverse reactions,group S of less than group K,there were significant differences(P0.01).Group S of respiratory secretions was less than group K,there were significant differences(P0.05).Conclusions:Sevoflurane inhalation depends on the basis of after caudal anesthesia method,used in little children in the inguinal hernia sac high ligation,anesthesia control,anesthesia induction fast,clear quality,and less adverse reactions.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is mainly associated with a number of lifestyle behaviours. There is high discrepancy among urban and rural populations with prevalence of diabetes in rural areas as 2.5% and high prevalence of 14.6% in urban areas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for the majority of all diabetes cases with a number of chronic effects that includes cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness, and disability. This study is done to determine the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among adult population in a medical department of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a medical department of a tertiary care centre of Himal Hospital Private Limited from March to April 2020. Ethical approval was taken from Ethical Review Board of NHRC (Reference Number 752). All the data of the last two years from medical record section were included in the study. The convenience sampling technique was followed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The study showed the prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among adult population to be 46 (23.93%) (0.23) (C.I= 0.20-0.26). Conclusions: The prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus was found to be higher than the previous study done in similar settings.


As a master of short stories,Katherine Mansfield's distinctive narrative art is perfectly shown in short story "The Daughters of the Late Colonel".This paper attempts to analyze two main types of distinctive symbolic imagess to show the suppressing influence of the late father on his daughters.Though some symbolic images in the story suggest the prospect of a new world before them,the sisters are subjected to living under the patriarchal influence of the past.By making use of the symbolic images in the story,Mansfield shows her concern for women in the patriarchal culture and calls for women to act for their own freedom.


This book is at once a delight and a disappointment. In the chapters that focus on robots, Chapters 8-12, the book is crisp and clear, informative, educational, and imaginative. These chapters appear to be the author's native ground.


The experts are third parties, different from parties in criminal procedure and court. Experts are working by their professional knowledge or special experience, which allow the court to find a certain fact. Experts are used as evidence when the court does not have a certain professional necessary knowledge to know certain facts. The paper deals with the specialities of expert´s work in the criminal procedure and defines the terms of the expert and the expert˙s reports. In addition, the paper analyzes the way of expert´s work in criminal proceedings, their appointment, rights and duties. Particular emphasis was placed on the expertising of sanity in the criminal proceedings and specificity of the same from the angle of the expert witnesses and from the angle of the defendant. The paper analyzes the methods used to determine the sanity of defendants, possible problems with psychiatric examinations and their effect on the validity of expert findings and opinions.


In an era of the rising new media, the traditional media received a shaking instruction, many media outlets are actively restructuring. At the same time, more pressure is applied to the middle media managers and reporters, while senior managers trying to introduce quantity ways to manage so that middle managers often treated reporters in a biased way of administration, then what effects will this bring about to the creativities and searching capabilities of reporters and the output of the news content ? This study is the exploration of this problem. There are in-depth interviews of a number of senior reporters in the research, which is to know whether the results of their journalist work is relate to the management of their executives. From which an inductive analysis about what kind of management can not only meet the demands of real-time news at this stage but also reach the maximum efficiency is adopted, thereby providing the media operators with a reference in managing media industry. This study shows that: The property of the media industry is very special, which is a pattern racing against time, so the pressure strength is considerable. To withstand such pressure, many media executives would be difficult to hide the current mood, and the subordinates may be managed under improper supervisions. Although not happening at every moment, it still affects the reporters'' work a lot. And this study collates and analyzes some management modes which bring about significant influence on the performance of reporters: Thrust in the reporters' work: if the manager is too dominant may cause problems of contacting the bottom line, and reporters involved in issues would be unable to exert. Sometimes some deviations may occur in the report when the manager not entirely understands the content of the issue. Under this kind of management style, reporters may also want to give up over time, and do not want to provide any innovative ideas. Improper supervision: time pressure is against the clock, as long as not keeping up with the news broadcast it is worthless, and at the same time there are other competing television stations broadcasting the first big news, then the middle managers may bare the blame by the senior manager. There is also another case, that is, to avoid the subordinates being too outstanding and grab their performance, some middle managers may often express their emotions in a very hostile and abusive way in order to keep their jobs. The excellent reporters may emotional exhausted due to the long-term coping with the manager, some others even say that they had suffered from depression and loss of confidence in work, while still others say that in this case, they tend to look for other works, therefore this company would loss talents.


Previous studies provide conflicting evidence on the degree to which Federal Reserve surveys of agricultural bankers provide useful information on the future direction of farm real estate values. We use unbalanced panel of responses from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's Land Values and Credit Conditions Survey between 1993Q1 and 2019Q2 to empirically test adaptive, rational and extrapolative expectations. We find that respondents extrapolate recent farmland price experiences but are overly cautious, as observed farmland price changes tend to be greater than expected. This is the first study of individual farmland price expectations collected by Federal Reserve surveys of agricultural bankers.


This document provides a systematic approach for determining the temperature limits for a tank given that the supernate concentration is known, or for ''dry'' tanks, given that the supernate concentration from the last sample of free supernate that was collected is known. A decision tree was developed to provide the logic for the temperature limit determination.


A field experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of 30% triflumizole WP to control cucumber powdery mildew.The results showed that 30% triflumizole WP could control cucumber powdery mildew in a low incidence,had a better control efficiency than other pesticide,and were safe to the crop.


Cloud focus model include: identifying the indicators system, calculating all indicators cloud models, using dimension synthesis cloud to express the performance index system situation, adopting the weight deviation degree to measure the change of cloud focus model and using cloud model to realize the evaluation set and evaluation result. Constructing C3I system evaluation model based on cloud focus includes ensuring the evaluation object index set, ensuring the index weight, listing the state value of index, ensuring the cloud focus vector, and ensuring the weight deviation degree. The simulation shows the feasibility of the model.


Acoustic interactions with fish can be a significant source of clutter to mid-frequency (MF; 1–10 kHz) active sonars. To develop robust schemes for reducing sonar false alarm rates, it is thus important to accurately characterize the spatiotemporal nature of MF echoes from fish. In the summer of 2012, long-range MF measurements of coherent backscattering from fish aggregations were made at several sites in the vicinity of Heceta Bank off the coast of Oregon. The dominant fish species included Pacific sardines that typically school near the surface and Pacific hake that typically are above the bottom in loose aggregations or layers, and so represent spatially different echo classes. Measured spatiotemporal fish echo statistics are discussed in terms of the observed in-situ distribution and behavior of these two species. NRL's moment-based Poisson-Rayleigh clutter model is used to physically relate the measured amplitude distributions to scatterer attributes (spatial density and dispersion). The temporal pe...


In this paper, scanning electron microscopy, potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to examine the effect of H 2 S concentration on H 2 S/CO 2 corrosion of pipeline steel. The results showed that the corrosion process of the steel when H 2 S coexists with CO 2 at different H 2 S concentrations is related to the morphology and consistency of the corrosion product film. When a small quantity of H 2 S was added, the surface area of the anode reaction zone decreased due to the continuous adsorption and separation of more substantial FeS deposits or a greater amount of FeHS + ions on the steel surface. At the same time, the dual layer capacitance decreased, while the anion adsorption capacity improved. Consequently, the inhibition of the corrosion process was realized. After the addition of a small quantity of H 2 S under the environment such that H 2 S coexists with CO 2 , the general corrosion rate of the steel declined quickly. Some elements of the corrosion product film became loose or even diminished when H 2 S concentration became higher. As a result, the protective effect of the corrosion product film was reduced, and the rate of corrosion increased. .


Image captioning is a popular benchmark task in the field of computer vision with important real world applica-tions. Our project explores image captioning on Flickr8k, a small image captioning dataset, and applies traditional and state-of-the-art approaches for the task. We experiment with various model architectures including the multi-modal paradigm, pretrained encoders and transformer decoders with multi-headed attention. Our best model, a transformer encoder-decoder network with a pretrained CNN ResNet-18 encoder achieved a BLEU-1 score of 0.879 and a BLEU-4 score of 0.543 on the dataset.


This paper on the people and churches of Collierstown and Kerrs Creek Area was written by a student taking an archaeology class at Washington and Lee University.


The imagery of Fra Beato Angelico's fresco is grotesquely transformed in the poem dedicated to it by Elena Schwartz, as a reason for discussing the destiny of human. Painting is viewed as a way to relate a person to physical and metaphysical space, turning the circumstances of the current life into the details of another being, and tourism into a kind of pilgrimage to other worlds. The article reconstructs the structural opposition of the poem and proves that they create a working model of Christian culture. It has been established that Schwartz views Renaissance art not as naturalistic and representative, but as exploring the boundaries of various material phenomena and their existence in time. She also interprets medieval art as deductive rationalism, which gives the keys to the experiences of modernity. Reflections on art make it possible to reassemble the impressions of the experience, understanding medieval dogmatic intuitions not just as correct, but as modern. Schwartz, criticizing representative art and reconstructing medieval presumptions of art creation, clarified the boundaries of the artistic expression of Christian dogma.


Poor bioavailability is one among major challenges faced by the pharmaceutical drugs in the dosage form development. Atorvastatin (AST) is one among such challenging drugs facing poor bioavailability due to poor solubility. The objective of this article is to review the literature published in the selected search engines about the solubility / bioavailability enhancement of AST. Literature was searched in the four databases Science direct, PubMed, Google scholar, and BASE engine. Seventy-one articles related to atorvastatin formulations were selected from which 26 articles related to bioavailability enhancement were discussed. Further, various method of estimation of AST alone and in formulations were also compiled. Results: researches that the bioavailability could be improved by several methods including solid-dispersion co-crystallization, Microspheres, solid lipid nanoparticles, co-solvency, and nanosuspension, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEEDS). Further, simple UV and HPLC methods could be used for the estimation of AST alone and in combination.


We propose new ideas of applying mass customisation concepts to the production of wooden floorings, especially for the parquet industry. Owing to market requirements, this industry is obliged to observe special quality standards during production. Mass customising parquet flooring could open up new business opportunities for the industry. In order to offer customers the possibility of individually composed floors, several types of customised modules, instead of the currently produced floorboards, can be manufactured. Our research explores these new production concepts in a case study approach with an Austrian manufacturer of parquet flooring, using simulation as a method to test new production environments and different product/order mixes. We analyse several possible product-variety/customer-order mixes and their distinctive production outcomes when producing different customised modules of floorboards. These results are then compared to the status quo of parquet manufacturing at a case study company. We show how reconfigured production processes affect storage levels of semifinished products, service rates and, thus, customer satisfaction.


This paper describes an approach for designing a stabilizing control strategy of a mini fixed wing aerial vehicle in hovering mode. This flight mode gives the ability to navigate inside a constrained environment. An inertial measurement unit is used to measure the attitude. The increased mass due to the on-board sensor poses a greater challenge to developing a functional autonomous vehicle than previous studies that employed o-board sensors for attitude sensing. Linear transfer functions are proposed for attitude with slow transits modeling. The design is achieved with a frequency domain method involving the Nichols chart. The control of a hovering vehicle requires ecient tuning methods capable of insuring robustness to account for model errors. Simulation and flight test results are presented to show the performance obtained with the proposed tuning method.


Techniques for expanded content tag sharing include determining that a first user is associated with content provided by a different second user. Data is recorded that indicates the first user is authorized to associate a different third user with the content provided by the second user, without further input by the second user. In some embodiments, the data that indicates the content provided by the second user includes data that indicates a plurality of contents. Some techniques include determining a message received from a first user indicates a portion of content associated with the first user, and a second user. The portion of the content is rendered on an apparatus of the second user. The second user is prompted for associating, with the portion of the content, an item identifier, such as text or another user, for the portion of the content.


A threshold group signature scheme is proposed combining the idea of ring signature.This solves the problem that the threshold group manager has the absolute power in revoking the signer's identity,and the unconditional anonymity of ring signature provides chances for the criminals.Comparing to the existing ones,this scheme has following advantages:(1) The right of the group manager is restricted,he can only revoke the identity of the signer with the receiver's co-operation.(2) The threshold value is conveniently changeable.(3) It is easy to add or delete one or more the group members,and the scheme's parameters are changed little.


In vehicle traction performance test,the traction sensor's test has great error because of the change of the condition temperature,so the data fusion technology based on RBF neural network is adoptd to compensate the error.This method reduces the compensation complexion and improves the accuracy.Relative to other conventional methods,it has more great advantages and is practicable.


The present book offers itself as "a short biography of Spencer which could serve as a companion volume to [the author's] previous history of the Spencer churches." But this slim work adds little to the record of Spencer's life as Baldwin has already presented it in "Invisible" Strands and in a biographical article appearing in The Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center 9 (Fall 1981). Of its four short chapters—"The Man," "The Movement," "The Message," and "The Legacy,"—the first is the shortest, with barely six pages of text. The discovery of Spencer's 1841 "Will Record" allows Baldwin to supply some fresh (though still highly fragmentary) information about Spencer's family and property. For the most part, however, he relies on the same severely limited biographical source materials used in his previous work to retell an extremely sketchy story (Spencer seems to have left behind no autobiography or substantial body of personal papers). Spencer's first two decades as a slave in Maryland and youthful freedman in Wilmington remain entirely obscure, as does most of his later family life. From denominational disciplines and hymnals, the contemporary press, and biographical studies previously produced within Spencer churches, Baldwin is able to glean enough information to outline Spencer's firm espousal of both the bourgeois virtues and black solidarity. However, he can do little to illuminate the personal qualities that enabled "Father" Spencer, whose commitment to local autonomy and lay leadership stood in sharp contrast to the episcopal centrism of Richard Allen, to hold together thirty-one churches apparently more by paternal suasion than formal authority.


The paper presents a bilateral negotiation support system (NSS) based on a multi-attribute utility model that adapts a fuzzy set methodology in determining user's preference functions. The system can concurrently handle negotiations that span across multiple mediating issues in a manner that increases the joint utility of both parties. The NSS is expected to impart a more interactive and realistic approach to capturing uncertainties while developing the utility functions using the standard approach. The potentiality of the proposed NSS lies in its ability to allow negotiators to evaluate potential treaties quickly, explore alternate arrangements that reveal to be more advantageous to both parties than those which are arrived at intuitively.<<ETX>>


This article offers an overview of continuing education and examines the elements included in short courses, diploma-track courses, post-degree courses, and other professional programs, including graduate and postdoctoral study programs. The analysis identifies the different roles played by continuing education, i.e. instrumental, societal and advanced training. It is based on a series of approaches used to characterize the different participants and their requirements, relating them to national needs linked to socioeconomic development and institutional capacity. The paper emphasizes the teaching and institutional challenges involved in the societal and training roles of continuing education. The conclusion is that advanced training provides a major opportunity to bring together the capacity of universities, government policies and national needs, so as to improve the integration of knowledge to national development.


making of modern civil society in Britain, a split religion: moral rather than confessional, associational rather than parochial, benevolent rather than sacramental—a space perhaps where individuals may be improved, but not saved" (260). Voluntary associations within the Church of England not only revitalized English Protestantism, but also laid the foundation for a new era of Christian practice, worship, and identity. If I were to recommend one academic book to specialists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates about the formation of Anglicanism and the role that the church played in the development of British civil society in the eighteenth century, it would be this book.


The essence and components of the manager's business image, criteria of its efficiency are analyzed.
Under the effective business image, the authors understand the image of the future manager in the perception of his colleagues, partners, customers, the public, which contributes not only to a positive attitude towards this person, but is a business and emotional core of successful joint activities. Its creation requires from the manager the formed image competence which is reached only by long enough and various work on itself, and, therefore, should be put from the first days of study at university, in particular, studying of specially oriented training courses.
As an example of such training, the article substantiates the importance of studying the course "Fundamentals of Imageology" for future managers. Features of application of interactive techniques for development of ability of the future manager to design and creation of effective business image are considered.


Mao Zedong's contribution to the localization of Marxism in China bodies in four aspects. First, the opening up of Chinese revolution victorious road is the results of setting out from Chinese reality and seeking truth from facts. It is the great theory innovation of Eastern special task that people of all nationalities faced and Lenin put forward.Second, Mao Zedong not only had succeeded in changing the thought route, but also had realized the new choice to guiding theory of the whole party; Third, probing the difficulties and arduousness of the socialist road, having creatively proposed regarding the contradiction theory of socialist society as the guideline and seeking a way of socialism with Chinese characteristics; Fourth, from depending on " new way" to carrying out the democratic centralism of socialism democracy further, Mao Zedong tried hard to turn back the situation and realize the localization of Marxism in China.


The fauna of scutigeromorph centipedes in the Dominican Republic is studied for the first time based on a sample of 28 individuals collected at 21 localities in 12 provinces. This sample was found to represent two species: Sphendononema guildingii (Newport, 1844) and Dendrothereua linceci (Wood, 1867), both species with a wide geographic distribution in the Caribbean and tropical America. The widely introduced and synanthropic species of Mediterranean origin Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) has never been found in Hispaniola. The scutigeromorph centipedes found as fossilized inclusions in the Dominican amber remain to be properly studied and identified.


Abstract : Our Final Report consists of the paper titled "Discrimination of Earthquakes and Explosions in Southern Russia using Regional High-Frequency Three-Component Data from the IRIS/JSP Caucasus Network." In this paper, we analyzed high-frequency regional records from small earthquakes (magnitude <4.5), and comparable magnitude chemical explosions to find a reliable seismic discriminant in southern Russia near Kislovodsk. The digital, three-component seismograms recorded during 1992 by the Caucasus Network operated by Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory since 1991 in the distance ranges 15 to 233 km are used. We find that the PgILg spectral ratios of rotated, three-component regional records improve the discrimination power of the spectral ratio method over the vertical-component Pg/Lg ratios by about 4%. But we find that an even better discriminant is the Pg/Lg spectral ratio of the three-component regional records corrected for the free surface effect. In the frequency band 8-18 Hz, the free surface corrected three-component Pg/Lg spectral ratio provides discrimination power with a total misclassification probability of only 2.6%. Free surface corrected and network averaged Pg/Lg spectral ratios provide transportability of the spectral ratio method to various regions worldwide.


Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) peripheral nMOSFETs with various channel length and channel doping concentration are analyzed at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT). Important device parameters in circuit designs such as subthreshold mismatch, subthreshold swing (SS), transconductance, and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) are analyzed at temperatures ranging from room temperature to LNT. In devices with relatively low channel doping, exacerbation of threshold mismatch at cryogenic temperatures is alleviated. Devices with lower doping exhibit better SS and transconductance characteristics. DIBL improved in short-channel devices at cryogenic temperatures, and the degradation of the DIBL with low doping is relatively small.


The study reports on the conditions for successful hatchery production of P. Maxima and P margaritifera seeds. A P. Maxima-hatchery was set up in the Gulf of Thailand. The project provided valuable results since high survival rates were obtained from the D-stage veliger to settlement, demonstrating the commercial reliability of the hatchery. Spawning trials for P. Margaritifera were set up in French Polynesia. They resulted in low larval survival and settlement rates. The rearing methods adapted for P. Maxima production were not transposable to P. Margaritifera production which appears to require specific settings. P. Margaritifera habitat is characterized by living in an oligotrophic marine environment, which is misleading insofar as these clear waters are rich in bacteria. Microorganisms and especially infectious bacteria threaten the sustainability of hatchery production. Nonetheless, in good environmental conditions the emergence of a disease should not constitute a major problem. The success of hatchery operations depends first on the maturity and healthy conditions of the parent stock; since the quality of oocytes insures larval survival. Consequently, the limiting factors for hatchery success of P. Margaritifera species might be inherent to the specific features of its habitat since it is poor in food resources to optimize the maturation of the gonads and rich in bacteria, which implies methodical procedures to eliminate contamination reservoirs. This study gives alternatives and zootechnical tools for reversing the low rates of settlement of P. Margaritifera in commercial hatcheries which success primarily relies on the natural seawater quality in the biotope.


Patients suffering from long COVID report cognitive symptoms months after disease onset, which may be related to neurovascular changes. Here, we evaluated functional connectivity in long COVID elderly patients and control subjects using a region of lower cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) as the seed. We found significantly lower connectivity in long COVID patients that was widespread potentially linking alterations in CVR to functional connectivity and reduced cognitive ability in long COVID patients.


The invention relates to the technical field of clean gas burning, in particular relates to a gas burner with low NOX, which aims to further reduce the pollutants, especially the generating amount of NOX caused by the gas burner, and simultaneously improves the efficiency of a whole boiler. The gas burner disclosed by the invention integrates the technologies of enhancement of the mixing of gas and combustion air, graded and sectioned burning, burning of thick gas and thin gas, smoke circulation and the like, and can enhance the mixing of the gas and the combustion air so as to achieve the beneficial effects that the burning is reinforced, the peak value temperature of burning flame is reduced, and further the excess air coefficient of the burning is reduced, and the pollutants such as NOX and the like can be reduced to be minimum.


The sound production by vortex rings is investigated by means of an axisymmetric vortex particle method. The predictions are first calibrated by analyzing the noise generated by steady vortex rings that are described by the analytical solutions of Fraenkel and Norbury. The noise produced by isolated vortex rings for both nominally steady and unsteady cores is then analyzed. For nominally steady cores, computed results indicate that the efficiency of sound radiation decreases as the slenderness parameter is reduced, and the acoustic signals reveal a dominant period that is approximately half the eddy turnover time. For unsteady cores, the amplitude of the radiated sound is substantially higher than that of similar steady rings. When the initial core vorticity distribution is nonuniform, complex internal motion may also occur within the core which is also reflected in the corresponding far-field acoustic signal. Finally, the effect of vortex stretching is analyzed based on computations of two coaxial corotating vortex rings.


Key Points Question What are the prevalence and characteristics of adults in the United States who remain unaware of the symptoms of and the appropriate response to a myocardial infarction? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 25 271 US adults, 5.8% were not aware of any myocardial infarction symptoms, and 4.5% chose a different response than calling emergency medical services in response to these symptoms. These numbers were substantially higher in certain sociodemographic groups. Meaning Many individuals in the United States remain unaware of the symptoms of and appropriate response to a myocardial infarction.


Metzler (1949) argues that a tariimposed on an industry for a large country may lower its domestic relative price and hence shrink its output share in the economy. Based on this argument, we estimate in this paper the impact of U.S. trade policies on industrial output shares based on a translog GDP functional system. Using an industrial panel data set and controlling for factor endowments and technology im- provement, we …nd empirical evidence that high taris lead to low industrial output shares for some industries like garments and glass. The …ndings are also robust to both the inclusion of the role of political economy and the coverage of various non- tarimeasures as proxies of industrial protection. In short, the paper suggests that the Metzler paradox exists in some U.S. manufacturing industries like garments.