The lightning strike caused damage process of line breaker in 220kV transmission line during the single-phase reclosure of the transmission line is presented.Based on the action protection,recorded fault waveform,lightning parameters,searching for faulty point and breakage condition of the line breaker,the cause of the accident is analyzed,and a model is built to perform electromagnetic transient analysis on the lightning incoming surge,which the power transformation equipments possibly suffer from.Research results show that the single-phase trip of line breaker is caused by flashover grounding of insulator due to lightning stroke occurred in far zone,during the single-phase reclosure the incoming surge caused by small current shielding failure in far zone leads to the breakdown of switch fracture insulation,and then the line breaker is broken.To prevent the breakdown of switch fractures due to successive lightning strokes,the installation of arrestors at the terminals of 110 kV and 220 kV transmission lines should be speeded up.


Since the 1980s there has been an ongoing theoretical debate in the Western literature on the significance of class and gender. The author's aim is to contribute to this debate by testing an empirical aspect previously neglected by researchers: the relative importance of gender compared with that of class. She looked at this aspect in a country in which research on gender is especially scarce: Hungary. The author investigated only one small and specific "slice" of this problem: the relevance of gender and class (measuring the class dimension with class origins) for a person's chances of becoming a top manager in 1993. Her goal was to document and draw attention to the fact that gender proved to be much greater importance from the point of view of live chances than class origins in Hungary. She offesr an explanation for this phenomenon and investigate the intersections of the effects of class origin and gender.


SUMMARY
Shoot tips from 0.2 to 4.8 mm long and tiller buds 0.2 to 5.1 mm long were cultured from cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) plants known to be infected with combinations of cocksfoot streak, cocksfoot mild mosaic and cocksfoot mottle viruses. Regenerated plants were tested for the presence of viruses by electron microscopy, serology and the expression of symptoms. All viruses were eliminated by culturing shoot tips and tiller buds less than 1.2 mm long but the maximum explant size capable of regenerating healthy plants depended upon the infecting virus. Viruses were not detected in shoot tip and tiller bud samples of similar size to the explants that gave healthy plants. The method is of value in eliminating viruses from desirable stocks of D. glomerata that must be vegetatively propagated.


In today's world, businesses face intense competition as the market is flooded with numerous companies offering similar products and services. This makes it challenging for companies to capture the attention of their target audience and stand out from their competitors. Companies need to differentiate themselves from others and provide value to their customers in order to attract and retain them. Failure to do so can lead to a loss of customers and revenue, ultimately affecting the long-term sustainability of the business. Hence, it is important for companies to conduct research on how they can effectively attract their target audience, which will give them insights on how to create effective marketing strategies to reach out to their customers. This paper analyzes a real marketing campaign from Lancôme to identify the strategies used to attract their target audience. The results indicate that understanding the audience's needs, preferences, and behaviors is crucial for creating effective marketing strategies. Additionally, utilizing the right channels and providing value to customers are also important factors in attracting and retaining customers. The conclusion of the research emphasizes the importance of these factors in creating successful marketing campaigns and provides recommendations for companies to improve their marketing strategies. This study contributes to the existing body of research on marketing by providing practical insights into how companies can effectively attract their target audience.


Data is a valuable asset and if it is re-used efficiently by different undertakings, it can spur more innovative solutions. However, this can only be realised when the interests of those holding data and those demanding access are balanced. This paper focuses on the legal tools conferring protection and facilitating access to data in the EU, to illustrate that the current EU legal framework is not sufficient enough to strike the right balance. Following this analysis, the paper identifies the main reasons underlying inefficient data utilisation in the EU and proposes a possible initial action plan to overcome that problem.


Ubiquitous connectivity among objects is the already expected future of the Internet of Things ages we are living today. Technologies are competing fiercely to fulfill this goal. Still, none of them has been proven as the one-size-fits-all solution for any application scenarios. Indoor Positioning System, and Direction Finding problems, represent an interesting playground for Internet of Things technologies. In this challenge, one of the major stakeholders is Bluetooth: initially conceived as a short-range solution for Personal Area Networks, it has now evolved to version 5, which natively supports both Angle of Departure and Angle of Arrival techniques. In this work, a Connection-Oriented Real-Time Locating System is realized to deeply investigate the newly added features of Bluetooth, thanks to a dedicated framework that evaluates gathered data and their reliability. A thorough experimental campaign has been carried out in both indoor and outdoor conditions, with interesting results. Overall, the main outcome is that the Angle of Arrival is not sufficient to solve Direction Finding problems and a more precise estimation of both directions and distances requires other quality indexes. In particular, the Received Signal Strength Indicator is proposed to be used in conjunction with the Angle of Arrival as part of the measurement framework.


Abstract Breviceps sopranus sp. nov. and Breviceps bagginsi sp. nov. are described and distinguished from other sympatric Breviceps spp. by the structure of their advertisement calls: a long, unpulsed, high‐pitched whistle in the former, and a high‐pitched trill of moderate length in the latter. The species are similar, morphologically, to one another and to B. mossambicus populations in KwaZulu‐Natal. Morphological and call differences between the new species and sympatric Breviceps spp. are described.


The Community-engaged Scholars Program is a multi-disciplinary, cohort-based program offering a "learning circle" paired with funding for community-engaged research. It is intended to build scholars' capacity for community-engaged scholarship, catalyze institutional support for community-engaged scholarship, and benefit community partners. This article reports on the mixed-method program evaluation of the first Scholars Program cohort as well as describes a broader framework for thinking about evaluation of higher education community engagement efforts.


Planning the layout of a company directly affects the performance of a production system. To generate an effective layout solution, it is fundamental to involve both design experts and company staff at all stages of the design process. This paper presents a novel lean layout planning system to engage company staff in the research of the layout solution. A two-step process was followed: first, a literature-based approach was applied to get a prototype layout, then a strategy to engage the company's staff in the achievement of the final solution was proposed. The article describes the proposed strategy and shows how the layout changes with or without the involvement of skilled staff. A case study of a leather bags manufacturing plant is also presented. The case study results highlight how the proposed procedure can be helpful in achieving a solution that better satisfies workers and makes employees accept working changes.


Caveolin-1 is a target for academic and pharmaceutical research due to its many cellular roles and associated diseases. We report peptide WL47 (1), a small, high-affinity, selective disrupter of caveolin-1 oligomers. Developed and optimized through screening and analysis of synthetic peptide libraries, ligand 1 has 7500-fold improved affinity compared to its T20 parent ligand and an 80% decrease in sequence length. Ligand 1 will permit targeted study of caveolin-1 function.


This study covers the effectiveness towards employability of the enhanced civil engineering curriculum implemented in 2005 at Samar State University. The low employment of the civil engineering graduateswas revealed in the graduate tracer study on (1998-2003). The curriculum content focused more on the basic subjects and less time in professional civil engineering courses and industry immersion9on the job training).Hence, the civil engineering curriculum was revised and enhanced with more emphasis on professional courses and industry immersion of 972 hours. It used a descriptive research design where questionnaire was the major instrument with graduates of 2009-2012 and their employers as respondents. The results of the study revealed that 89.23% of the graduates were employed in civil engineering related works in less than two years after graduation. In terms of civil engineering competency and skills, the graduates have a satisfactory level in professional courses while poor in communication and scientific skills. The enhanced civil engineeringcurriculum is effective towards employability. However, communication courses must be added in the next revision of the curriculum.


In this paper, we show that the AugPAKE protocol [16] provides the semantic security of session keys under the strong Diffie-Hellman (SDH) assumption in the random oracle model.


Diversely claimed as English, Welsh and Scottish, with Irish affiliations, represented as both victim and avenging mother Boudica would finally emerge from the pages of history as a national heroine who would unite the British under an English leadership. The English hegemony within Britain also included the 'dissolution' of Wales and imperial aspirations Westward into Ireland. Boudica is the most famous warrior queen of British Roman history. She defied Roman rule in 60AD and inspired female empowerment, 'British' identity and British imperial ambitions from the 16th century onwards, but who exactly was she? This paper tries to answer this question by reviewing the many historiographical references to her rebellion written under the Tudors in England and Wales, and the Stuarts in Scotland in the Early Modern period. This talk will briefly refer to the dichotomy in Boudica's national origins in the works of Hector Boece, Polydore Vergil, Humphrey Llwyd, Raphael Holinshed and William Camden in order to trace her place in the nation's voice.


Dr. Denton Cooley's patient Haskell Karp awaits a heart transplant and is offered a temporary artificial heart instead. The chapter recapitulates the efforts of the DeBakey lab in artificial heart experiments and the development of testable model. Cooley and DeBakey lab technician Domingo Liotta conspire to hijack an artificial heart model. Implantation of the device occurs in Karp, followed by pleas for human donor. Baylor investigates the circumstances of the Karp operation and the procuring of an artificial heart. Following the investigation, Liotta is dismissed and Cooley resigns. This is the beginning of a four-decade estrangement between DeBakey and Cooley.


Shank periostitis is very popular and frequently occurs among some college candidates of PE who take part in physical training in the initial stage. Through an investigation to a number of students of PE who suffer from periostitis,the authors of this paper try to expound and analyze the characteristics and causes of the disease, and offer a few effective measures of prevention and treatment.


Aims : Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the central nervous system. Although supratentorial PNET (sPNET) and MB are histologically similar, their clinical behaviour differs, sPNET being more aggressive than MB. The aim of this study was to determine whether sPNET and MB are genetically different entities.


Conventional concrete hollow blocks have vertical single or multiple holes and they have been extensively used in masonry structures and as infill walls in reinforced concrete frame structures. However, most masonry walls using conventional concrete hollow blocks have the shortcoming of poor seismic resistance. A new type concrete hollow block with horizontal-holes has been developed and it could significantly improve the seismic resistance of a masonry wall as well as simplify the construction processes. The new hollow blocks are very easy to build a wall in a construction site and, in particular, they enable a convenient construction of reinforced concrete (RC) horizontal strips in their horizontal cavities and such RC strips can be readily connected to the adjacent RC columns. This provides an innovative seismic resistant measure to enhance the seismic resistance of masonry walls. In order to evaluate the seismic behavior of the new type masonry walls, an experimental investigation was carried out and seven full scale wall specimens were tested under in-plane cyclic loading. The experimental parameters include the number of horizontal RC strips, strength of the hollow blocks, height/width ratio of a wall and, with or without a window opening in the wall. In this paper, the details of the experimental investigation and the main test results are presented and, the characteristics of the seismic behavior of these wall specimens are discussed in relation to the influence of the experimental parameters.


Few empirical strategies have been developed that investigate public provision under majority rule while taking explicit account of the constraints implied by mobility of households. Previous empirical work by Epple, Romer, and Sieg (2001) has focused on necessary conditions that observed expenditures, housing prices, and tax rates had to satisfy in a myopic voting equilibrium. The results reported in that paper suggest that myopic voting behavior is not consistent with the data. This finding is puzzling, especially given the prominence that myopic voting plays in the theoretical literature. The goal of this paper is to clarify these results and improve our understanding of the main limitations of myopic voting. We develop a new empirical approach which allows us to impose all restrictions that arise from locational equilibrium models with myopic voting simultaneously on the data generating process. We can then analyze how close myopic models come in replicating the main regularities about expenditures, taxes, sorting by income and housing observed in the data. We find that our baseline myopic model performs reasonably well in explaining variation in housing expenditures and educational expenditures across communities, but it performs poorly in explaining variation in tax rates. An extension of the model that incorporates peer effects fits all dimensions of the data reasonably well. JEL classification: C51, H31, R12


Since 1978, the decentralization reforms, in general, and the reforms in planning and fiscal systems, in particular, have brought about dramatic changes in the context of central-regional/local relationships, which have in turn generated a tremendous impact on and problems for China's regional development. This article aims to examine the impacts and consequences of China's decentralization reform on regional development over the past seventeen years. With a brief review of prereform experiences, this article focuses on the decentralization reforms of planning and fiscal systems in the 1980s and 1990s: the contract-responsibility reforms and the ongoing tax-sharing reforms, and their regional implications and consequences. Special attention is paid to regionalism that is emerging as a result of these reforms. The authors argue that regionalism, in forms of territorial segmentation and confrontation, was planted in the traditional administrative economic system, but grew and was exacerbated by the current flawed or uncompleted decentralization reforms. The current tax-sharing system reform, which centered the functional division between the center and localities, seems to be on the right track, but its fate is hard to predict and far from claiming success.


(e) Test notes. The following test notes are applicable to the data requirements for microbial pesticides nontarget organism and environmental fate as referenced in the last column of the table contained in paragraph (d) of this section. 1. Tests for pesticides intended solely for indoor application would be required on a case-by-case basis, depending on use pattern, production volume, and other pertinent factors. Tests to support EUP's are based on the application timing and acreage. 2. The preferred species for the avian oral study is either the upland game or waterfowl. The preferred species for the avian inhalation toxicity/pathogenicity study and the avian chronic toxicity/pathogenicity study is the upland game. There is also the option to test a passerine species if there is a concern. The coldwater fish is preferred for freshwater fish testing. However, two species (coldwater and warmwater fish are the preferred species) must be tested for uses involving direct freshwater exposure. Freshwater invertebrates are preferred for invertebrate testing. 3. Required when there will be significant exposure to aquatic organisms (fish and invertebrates). 4. Required if the microbial pesticide is taxonomically related to a known plant pathogen. 5. Data are not required unless an active microbial ingredient controls the target insect pest by a mechanism of infectivity; i.e., may create an epizootic condition in nontarget insects. Subpart W—Antimicrobial Pesticides [Reserved]


In this paper, a very efficient semi-blind algorithm for orthogonally coded multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) systems is proposed. Our main idea is to establish a mathematical model that is based on orthogonal space-time codes, and then to estimate each subcarrier channel impulse response with this model. To speed up the convergence rate and the elimination of fuzzy channel, we insert a small amount of pilot signal at the transmitter. Simulation results prove that the algorithm effectively reduce the estimation error, no special requirements on the transmitted signal, and no increasing the transmission bandwidth.


The risk from non-payment of loans is a challenge for all the banks. Payment of the loans is a crucial issue for efficient functioning of the banking system. Loaning is one of the main uncertainties in the banking business, for loan payment can be rarely guaranteed completely. Often, a question occurs: what are the factors that influence in failure of the return of bank loan? What are the politics that must be followed to stimulate the return of bank loans? Through this research we aim to highlight the reasons of debtors in failing of loan return by studying the link of macroeconomic factors with NPL (non-performing loans). This is a first research in Kosovo that analyses the link of the macroeconomic factors influence (GDP, interest norms, unemployment, inflation, maturity period and grace period) these referred in the research as "independent variables" in failure of bank loan return that in the study bellow are referred as "dependent variable NPL for the Kosovo bank sector. This study argues as what is needed for the Kosovo banking system and presents the ideas of sustainable development of banking system in correspondence with non-performing loans, acknowledgment of the factors that hinder the return of the bank loans and reorientation of the loaning politics.


In the circumstances reported by the Director of Municipal Administration, A.P., Guntur in the reference 2 read above Government hereby extend the deputation period of Sri P.Gopinadh, Municipal Commissioner, Grade-1, to work in AP CRDA, on deputation basis for 2 year i.e., from 20.04.2016 to 19.04.2017 in accordance with orders issued in terms and conditions as stipulated in G.Os 1st and 2nd read above.


We propose a novel method to actively control the propagation of THz surface plasmon polaritons in plasmonic waveguides. This method relies on the excitation of long range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs) in thin slabs of semiconductors. The characteristics of LRSPPs (electromagnetic field confinement and mode propagation length) can be precisely tuned by optically pumping charge carriers to the conduction band of the semiconductor. This excitation can be local by illuminating a flat semiconductor slab with an expanded optical beam that is structured with the shape of the THz waveguide. In this way, it may be possible to design active and integrated THz circuits by simply changing the illumination pattern on the surface.


For structure determination from X-ray powder data, anomalous (resonant) scattering can be used to obtain difference Patterson and partial Patterson densities as well as phases of structure factors. Usually tuneable synchrotron radiation is used, and two or more powder patterns near and far the absorption edge of an atom type contained in the crystal are recorded. The algebraic theory together with some novel and efficient approximations is given in detail. Also symmetry restrictions, experimental and scaling procedures, and the use of the Maximum-Entropy method (MEM) are discussed. The application to the structure of an iron garnet Fe 2 Ca 3 Ge 3 O 12 is presented. This resulted in the first determination of two partial Patterson densities: of the iron atoms and of germanium atoms. From an MEM calculation of the electron-density, using the signed structure factors F(H) together with only the absolute values |F(H)| of the remaining reflections, all atoms could be localized with good resolution and low background, whereas the ordinary Fourier calculation failed completely to show the oxygen atoms. This result is based on only 34 unique out of 83 total reflections in 0 ≤ sin θ/λ ≤ 0.494 A -1 . These successful applications open up new possibilities in the structure determination of unknown compounds.


Toluene desorption of modified activated carbon for microwave irradiation was evaluated. As a virgin GAC reacted from microwave energy, it created an "arcing" between GAC particles in desorption process. The arcing became more and more vigorous and achieved a red flame of GAC. The silica coated GAC(Si/GAC) was developed to prevent arcing phenomenon and temperature control problem. The result shows virgin GAC with 5wt%, 10wt% and 20wt% silica had no arcing and could control temperature very well. However, the adsorption rate of Si/GAC was decreased by coated silica amount due to decreasing surface area of GAC. The 5wt% Si/GAC adsorption rate was quite similar to virgin GAC adsorption rate. After adsorption, the toluene-loaded GAC and Si/GAC was reactivated by 2450MHz MW irradiation with 300W for 5 min. Quantitative desorption of the toluene was achieved at MW irradiation at 300W with desorption efficiencies as high as 98.59% to 84.65%% after four cycles.


Few theatre artists since the mid-1990s have caused the stir in Manhattan's downtown theatre scene that Richard Maxwell has. The theatre productions of the thirty-four-year-old playwright, director, and composer have received a critical response that can best be compared to the initial reception of a former American theatre avant-garde. Recalling the reviews of early performances by Jack Smith, Richard Foreman, and Robert Wilson in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Maxwell's productions have either been attacked or praised for their anti-theatricality - or what critics have called their "flattened acting style", "theatricality in the mundane", or "school of inexpressiveness". Nonetheless, there can be little doubt that Maxwell is one of the most innovative theatre artists of his generation. His unique vision has been recognized both nationally and internationally: for his play House, which premiered in New York in June 1998, Maxwell was awarded a Village Voice OBIE the following year; his work has also won ...


e article aims to identify and discuss knowledge ow results in the production of Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) applied to distance learning. is mapping was carried out based on a review of the literature on distance learning services and processes focusing on the work done by multidisciplinary teams involved in DE projects and programs. us, the purpose of this article is to assist the teams involved in knowledge management and sharing so they may aim for and achieve the consequent improvement in quality and organization of DE processes and services.


Temporal gaps within the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (gap: 20 months), between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions (gap: 11 months), and within GRACE-FO record (gap: 2 months) make it difficult to analyze and interpret spatiotemporal variability in GRACE- and GRACE-FO-derived terrestrial water storage (TWSGRACE) time series. In this study, an overview of data and approaches used to fill these gaps and reconstruct the TWSGRACE record at the global scale is provided. In addition, the study provides an innovative approach that integrates three machine learning techniques (deep-learning neural networks [DNN], generalized linear model [GLM], and gradient boosting machine [GBM]) and eight climatic and hydrological input variables to fill these gaps and reconstruct the TWSGRACE data record at both global grid and basin scales. For each basin and grid cell, the model performance was assessed using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), correlation coefficient (CC), and normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), a leader model was selected based on the model performance, and variables that significantly control leader model outputs were defined. Results indicate that (1) the leader model reconstructed the TWSGRACE with high accuracy over both grid and local scales, particularly in wet and low anthropogenically active regions (grid scale: NSE = 0.65 ± 0.20, CC = 0.81 ± 0.13, and NSE = 0.56 ± 0.16; basin scale: NSE = 0.78 ± 0.14, CC = 0.89 ± 0.07, and NRMSE = 0.43 ± 0.14); (2) no single model was flawless in reconstructing the TWSGRACE over all grids or basins, so a combination of models is necessary; (3) basin-scale models outperform grid-scale models; (4) the DNN model outperforms both GLM and GBM at the basin scale, whereas the GBM outperforms at the grid scale; (5) among other inputs, the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)-derived TWS controls the model performance on both basin and grid scales; and (6) the reconstructed TWSGRACE data captured extreme climatic events over the investigated basins and grid cells. The developed approach is robust, effective, and could be used to accurately reconstruct TWSGRACE for any hydrologic system across the globe.


Ursa Major will be the first full system constructed on PDL's journey towards self-* storage. Ursa Major will be a large-scale object store, in the NASD and OSD style, based on standard server technologies (e.g., rack-mounted servers and gigabit-per-second Ethernet). This article discusses the long-range project goals, some of the progress that has been made on Ursa Major, and near-term plans. The Self-* Storage Vision Human administration of storage systems is a large and growing issue in modern IT infrastructures. PDL's Self-* Storage project explores new storage architec-tures that integrate automated management functions and simplify the human administrative task. Self-* (pronounced " self-star " —a play on the unix shell wild-card character) storage systems should be self-configuring, self-tuning, self-organizing, self-healing, self-managing, etc. Ideally, human administrators should have to do nothing more than provide muscle for component additions, guidance on acceptable risk levels (e.g., reliability goals), and current levels of satisfaction. We think in terms of systems composed of networked " intelligent " storage bricks, which are small-scale servers consisting of CPU(s), RAM, and a number of disks. Although special-purpose hardware may speed up network communication and data encode/decode operations, it is the software functionality and distribution of work that could make such systems easier to administer and competitive in performance and reliability. Designing self-*-ness in from the start allows construction of high-performance, high-reliability storage infrastructures from weaker, less-reliable base units; with a RAID-like argument at a much larger scale, this is the storage analogue of cluster computing's benefits relative to historical supercomputing. We refer to self-* collections of storage bricks as storage constellations. In exploring self-* storage, we plan to develop and deploy a large-scale storage continued on page 12 Figure 1. Brick Based infrastructure: a case study for understanding data center challenges and proving ground for new self-management approaches. users Science and data mining researchers needing large-scale storage A storage brick (CPU, RAM and several disks) reads and writes large-scale storage infrastructure


A low-level sensor fusion scheme is presented for the positioning of a multi-sensor robot. This non-hierarchical framework can be used for robot arms or other velocity-controlled robots, and is part of the task function approach. A stability analysis is presented for the general case, then several control laws illustrate the versatility of the framework. This approach is applied to the multi-camera eye-in-hand/eye-to-hand configuration in visual servoing. Experimental results point out the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. Mono-camera and multi-camera schemes are compared, showing that the proposed sensor fusion scheme improves the behavior of a robot arm.


What is China's proper place in international politics? What role does China want to play in the world and how do its power aspirations translate into actual policies?


Twenty-one species and varieties of smaller Foraminifera are recorded and illustrated for the first time from the Assilina granulosa band of the Subathu (Laki-Eocene) beds from Dharampur, Simla Hills.


Abstract Rationale: Subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) from ruptured intracranial aneurysms are very rare during pregnancy. Management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with SAH in pregnancy is often challenging because of the risks to the fetus and the mother. We present the first successful awake endovascular coiling of a dissected intracranial aneurysm in a third trimester twin pregnancy. Patient concerns: A 28 years' old pregnant woman was admitted at the obstetric department of our hospital on account of very severe headaches associated with nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis: Emergency obstetric ultrasound scan done confirmed 32 weeks' twin gestation, whereas magnetic resonance imaging established hemorrhage in the suprasellar cistern and the subarachnoid space. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a dissected aneurysm in the ophthalmic segment of the left internal carotid artery. Interventions: Awake cerebral angiography as well as embolization of the aneurysm with coils was done via the transarterial route and the twins were delivered via caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation. Outcomes: Two years' follow-up indicated no complications and children as well as their mother are healthy. Lesions: Awake endovascular coiling was very beneficial in our case because we avoided general anesthesia and the use of osmotic diuretics which are potentially hazardous during pregnancy.


Ultraschall in Med 2015; 36 Moving prenatal diagnosis and screening to earlier stages of pregnancy has probably been the most important progress in the field of Fetal Medicine in the recent years. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities is the most obvious example; the sensitivity of screening for Down syndrome by maternal age only (1980 s – early 1990 s) was only 30 %, which rose to 60 % by second-trimester biochemical tests (late 1980 s – early 1990 s) and is nowadays as high as 95 % with the implementation of first-trimester screening with ultrasound and biochemical markers [1].


In this paper, design and implementation of novel FPGA based LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) for IOT and smart applications is implemented. LFSR plays very important role in testing circuit applications. Initially, input data is given to LFSR block. The main intent of LFSR is to save the data in memory. Next pseudo random registers will perform the parallel operation to save the data in registers in parallel form. Now for the data which is saved, address is generated using address generator. Next command will be given to perform the specific operation. The data which is written will be recorded and verified. After verification if the data consists of any errors then again it will perform the operation from command generator. But if there are no errors in the verified data then that data will be tested using testing circuits and output will be obtained. Hence from results it can observe that it will give effective results in terms of delay, speed and area.


Over 2 million cardiovascular procedures are performed annually in the United States. Every one of these procedures requires some period of contact with blood with several different biomaterlals used in the manufacture of assist devices or implant devices. In view of the increasing importance of the biomaterials in clinical practice, it would be timely to review briefly physicochemical characterization as well as biological evaluations. Blood compatibility encompasses a variety of events associated with blood interaction with the biomaterials used in various procedures. Two separate coagulation mechanisms are involved (arterial and venous) depending upon the flow characteristics. At least three interacting factors modulate normal hemostasis and the pathogenesis of thromboembolic events. They are the state of activation of coagulation cascade, circulating levels of thrombin and fibrinogen and relative activity of platelets. In this overview we discuss the current concepts on the role of platelets in blood-biomaterial interactions. When blood contacts a biomaterial surface a variety of blood components interact with the surface. Some of the key players in platelet activation on biomaterial surface include flbrinogen and yon Willebrand factor. Currently available antiplatelet drugs effectively block aggregation and secretion induced by physiological agonists such as epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane in suspension. However, they do not prevent platelet interaction on biomaterial surfaces. Mechanisms involved in platelet activation in suspension and on surfaces as well as the pharmacology of newer antiplatelet drugs will be discussed.


Abstract. The satellite-based cloud climate data record CLARA-A2
has been used to analyse regional average time-series and regional maps of
trends in the Baltic Sea region, 1982–2015. The investigated cloud
parameters were total fractional cloud cover and cloud top height. Cloud
observations from the Tartu-Toravere meteorological station were used as
reference data for the same period. Fractional cloud cover from CLARA-A2 was
in a good agreement with in situ data regarding the maxima and minima years
and a downward trend in March over the 1982–2015 period. In June the
fractional cloud cover interannual variability was very high and no clear
trend was seen. For cloud top heights summer and spring regional averages
showed opposite signs of the trend: for June positive and for March
negative. Winter and autumn seasons have been left out of analysis due to
too large uncertainties in cloud products over latitudes higher than
60 ∘ .


The effect of water uptake on fatigue lives of a woven fabric CFRP quasi-isotropic laminate under constant amplitude loading at different stress ratios has been examined. First, constant amplitude fatigue tests are performed at room and high temperatures on the specimens immersed in hot water until saturation and on the specimens kept in a dry place. Experimental results show that the fatigue lives of wet specimens are shorter than those of dry specimens, regardless of stress ratio and test temperature. The degree of reduction in fatigue strength due to water uptake is about eleven percent at most, that is independent of stress ratio. Then, the full shapes of the constant fatigue life (CFL) diagrams for the laminate in dry and wet environments, respectively, at different temperatures are identified on the basis of the fatigue test data obtained at different stress ratios. It is demonstrated that they are characterized by asymmetry, nonlinearity and gradual change in shape. Finally, the anisomorphic CFL diagram approach for composites that was developed in the earlier study is tested on the dry and wet CFRP laminates at different temperatures. It is shown that the anisomorphic CFL diagram approach is successfully applied for predicting the CFL diagrams and thus the S-N relationships for the woven CFRP laminate, regardless of moisture content and test temperature.


Through the expounds of human-oriented relevance,humanitarian concerns and conceptual identity between the ecological aesthetics and the technical esthetics,the paper briefly analyzes the humanitarian concepts of ecological aesthetics and technical esthetics under the new vision.


In susceptible mice, mercuric chloride induces a systemic autoimmune response that is characterized by elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), production of anti‐nucleolar antibodies (ANolAs) and the formation of renal IgG deposits. We have previously shown that mercury can also enhance immune/autoimmune responses in mouse strains genetically prone to develop spontaneous autoimmune disease. Here, we investigated whether mercury can enhance the severity of murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), an inducible (acquired) autoimmune disease that cannot be induced by mercury itself. While mercury administered prior to the induction phase of CIA exerted little, if any, influence, administration of mercury during the induction phase and following onset aggravated the symptoms of this disease and increased the serum levels of IgE and IgG2a antibodies directed against collagen type II (CII). Furthermore, while animals injected with mercury alone exhibited a significant decrease in the ratio of the levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) to interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) mRNA in their spleens, this ratio was increased in mice with CIA, with or without administration of mercury. Finally, the production of anti‐nuclear antibodies, a hallmark of autoimmunity in response to mercury, was observed in all mice with CIA treated with this heavy metal. Our findings suggest that exposure to mercury during the development of CIA may influence immunological factors in such a way as to synergistically promote disease development.


This work investigates the performance of parallel R-tree where the spatial data are high dimensional objects. Due to the large number of bounding values for each bounding box in the R-tree, one disk page might contain one bounding box only. Parallel Binary R-tree(PBR-tree) is proposed to facilitate the costly node access. An analytical performance evaluation of PBR-tree will be given. Improved Multiplexed R-tree for such data is proposed to achieve high throughput and short response time for concurrent small range queries.


Abstract There have been calls by the academic community for more efforts to conceptualize integrity using empirical works in a range of contexts, and using different methodological and theoretical approaches. Conceptualizing integrity using empirical works can be especially important since the way integrity is conceptualized can improve or hinder the way corruption is understood and may even strengthen or weaken explanations on why anti-corruption efforts tend to be unsuccessful. This study attempts to answer this call by using a case study approach to gather qualitative data on the perspectives of politicians in the Caribbean region. In-depth interviews with eight politicians in Trinidad and Tobago were conducted. The study builds on the conceptual framework of moral emotions and reciprocal altruism as posited by Haidt and aims to produce a conceptualization of integrity that reflects the meanings and ideas of the term as expressed by the research participants. The study will also attempt to explore integrity from both an individual level approach and an organizational level approach by incorporating ideas from sociological theorizing. The study ends by discussing the implications of the findings in terms of how integrity and corruption are understood.


According to the analysis of the papers at home and abroad in last five years,the latest preparation methods and pharmaceutical properties are summarized on drug delivery of solid lipid nanoparticles in this paper. The authors think that solid lipid nanoparticles should be a good nano-drug delivery system and discuss the problems existing in the present stage and development in future.


The insubstantial guidance of talent cultivation objectives and the insufficient support of teaching systems pose current constraints on foreign language teaching for Chinese colleges and universities. To overcome these constraints, curriculum designers need to systematically deliberate on talent cultivation objectives, and then to scientifically integrate the objectives into all aspects of the curriculum. Similarly, under the framework of the US military's "Capabilities-based Planning (CBP)", talent cultivation objectives, instead of being treated in an isolated way, serve as a main thread linking up goals, content, methods, assessment and other elements of teaching. In this sense, CBP can create more access to educational planning. By showcasing the curriculum design for Master of Interpreting and Translation, this study aimed to explore the applicability of CBP to education.


A recent trend in post-Cold War international relations research reveals a new-found interest in intrastate conflict, which occurs more frequently than interstate war. Scholars studying intrastate conflict either focus on the underlying social conditions leading to domestic conflict or on the rational calculation preceding a decision to use violence. In general, the political science literature on intrastate conflict emphasizes the role of prevailing domestic norms in predicting intrastate conflict. Such studies center on the role of ethnicity in predicting intrastate conflict and reveal that most intrastate conflict is ethnic based. What is missing from the research, however, is an examination of the cultural roles assigned to women and the overall impact of gender on intrastate violence. In general, countries characterized by gender inequality are more likely to be involved in interstate disputes and more likely to rely on violence to settle those disputes. Consequently, there is reason to believe that gender equality will also have an impact on intrastate conflict. This research project adds to our knowledge on the causes of intrastate conflict in two ways. First, this project further tests the general theoretical assertions concerning the role of social conditions in predicting intrastate conflict. Second, this research synthesizes feminist literature and theoretical expectations with the more traditional, presumably gender neutral but actually male-centric understanding of intrastate conflict. It is believed that greater levels of gender inequality will help predict the likelihood of domestic conflict thereby helping to identify those states most likely to become embroiled in domestic conflict. After first providing the relevant theoretical and conceptual arguments regarding intrastate conflict, the author provides an analysis of structural violence and its potential role in predicting intrastate violence. Next, feminist literature illuminating the role of gender inequality and discrimination in nationalist uprisings is explored. Then the impact of gender inequality on the likelihood of intrastate conflict is empirically examine through logistic regression. Ultimately, the aim is to discover whether domestic gender equality reduces the occurrence of intrastate violence. This project supports a body of research in international relations and comparative politics predicting intrastate conflict based on such malignant societal characteristics as domestic inequality and discrimination.


In this paper,several objects with different roughness are measured by different laser based on a Twyman-Green interferometer,and the law of the laser speckle is finally acquired by studying the characteristics of the laser speckle.It is confirmed by theory and experiment that: the key factors of increasing speckle contrast include the applying long wavelength laser and increasing object aperture angle of optical system,and selecting the suitable roughness of measured object surface.The researching results of this paper can be applied in digital speckle interferometrical testing.


Heavy ion fusion experiments require very high current beams with excellent beam quality during a short pulse. Scaled experiments planned at LBL require very short pulses (/spl mu/sec) compared to what one expects in an HIF driver (20-30 /spl mu/s). A 1 MV acceleration column composed of aperture lenses has been constructed at LBL in order to study the propagation effects on such ion pulses. The column is initially empty of space charge but with the full acceleration potential applied. A short current pulse is then injected into the column with a planar diode "current valve". Effects on the pulse propagation due to rise time, pulse duration, and beam size have been studied. Experiments on transported beam current and emittance have been conducted using a carbon arc plasma source (2" and 5" diameter) and a 1" diameter potassium alumino-silicate ion source. Computer simulations using a 2.5D time dependent code are compared with the experimental data.<<ETX>>


Field experiments were conducted during 1991-94 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to develop integrated N management practice for lowland transplanted rice. The treatments included placement of urea super granules (USG) at 100 kg N/ha, application of prilled urea (PU) at 100 kg N/ha, application of 75 kg N as PU with azolla or FYM or green manure or azospirillum and application of 50 kg N as PU with the combined use of azospirillum, azolla and green manure. The results of three-years study revealed the superiority of the placement of USG over the other treatments. The next best treatment was the application of PU at 100 kg N/ha. However, application of 75 Kg N as PU combined with either azolla or green manure (Sesbania rostrata) registered comparable yields. Substitution of 25 kg N as chemical fertiliser with either azolla or green manure was clearly seen. Possibility of substitution of chemical N fertilisers even to the extent of 50 per cent by the combined use of 50 kg N as PU with Azospirillum, azolla and Sesbania rostrata green manuring was also observed.


HE genus Gossypium, a member of the Malvaceae, includes the T species of cultivated cottons. More than IOO species of Gossypium have been described, but recent workers include all the described types in fewer than 20 species (HUTCHINSON and GHOSE 1937; HARLAND 1939). The basic chromosome number in the genus is 13, and all species studied have either 13 or 26 pairs of chromosomes. The cytological behavior of all species hybrids, except one, included in this paper has been reported previously by other workers. Further data on the meiotic chromosome behavior of species hybrids and haploids are given, together with a review of published data. Data on the meiotic chromosome behavior of several induced polyploids of Gossypium are given for the first time. In the present work emphasis is placed upon data relative to the amount of structural differences among chromosomes of different species and to the meiotic chromosome behavior of polyploids. These data are used in an attempt to define more accurately the relationships of Gossypium species and to make clearer the process of speciation of the genus.


vealed a 10-ha complex of wooden religious and funerary structures occupied from the Neolithic into the Iron Age, the largest such complex known in Europe. Painstaking excavation and physical anthropological study of skeletal remains from collective burial places such as that at Moux has also shed light on the use, reuse, and rituals associated with collective burials. The Iron Age, Gallo-Roman, and Medieval periods abound with studies of the growth of towns, many the principal cities of the present day, as well as much new work on procurement, workshops, land use and rural production, markets, transport and communication, and military and religious organization. The volume also summarizes the current state of personnel, funds, facilities, and other resources for archaeology in France, the results of a far-reaching reorganization of the national council overseeing archaeology, its goals, and funding structure. Many of the goals and priorities are familiar: more complete surveys and assessments, better site protection, more rapid publication and more outlets for publication, more funds for laboratory analysis and conservation, and the vexing question of whether to spread funds thinly over a large number of sites or concentrate on a few. A familiar trend is that, while the budget for pure research has increased slowly to the approximate equivalent of 7-8 million dollars annually, a large increase in funds from developers and local organizations has increased the budget for mitigation work to about 30 million dollars annually. The United States also spends about 7-8 million dollars annually for pure research in archaeology, although its population and tax base are far larger. By contrast, in the state of New Mexico, with roughly half the land area of France and less than one-tenth of the population, about 8-10 million dollars are spent annually on mitigation work. This suggests, if we needed to be told, that cultural-resource management in the United States is doing reasonably well; however we lag far behind at least one of our European counterparts in support for pure research in archaeology. The overall impression left by this volume is of an active, diverse, and creative group of archaeologists and specialists making impressive progress on the full range of problems presently of concern to the field. The volume provides a rapid overview of this important segment of European archaeology and a quick introduction to recent advances. It will be invaluable to those interested in broadening their perspective, refreshing their courses, or reassessing their research designs.


The present investigation was carried in tomato using ten lines, 45 crosses and hybrid check TH-1 grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the characters studied. Parents Acc. No.4, Acc. No.9, Acc. No.5 and Acc. No.1 were best general combiners for most of the traits. Genotypes Acc. No.4, Acc. No.9 and Acc. No.5 also had high degree of root knot nematode resistance. The crosses Acc. No.2 x Acc. No.8, Acc. No.2 x Acc. No.5 and Acc. No.7 x Acc. No.10 were best specific combiner for fruit weight, total yield, root knot nematode, dry matter, lycopene content, titrable acidity and TSS. Heterosis was observed for almost all the characters. The best performing crosses were Acc. No.2 x Acc. No.3 for total yield, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, harvesting span, titrable acidity and lycopene content and Acc. No.2 x Acc. No.5 for total yield, number of fruit per plant, harvesting span, TSS, titrable acidity and lycopene content. Acc. No.2 x Acc. No.8 for total yield, number of fruit per plant, titratable acidity, dry matter and lycopene content and Acc. No.6 x Acc. No.10 for total yield, number of fruit per plant, TSS, dry matter and lycopene content. All these crosses also expressed maximum heterosis over respective better parent for these traits. The combination Acc. No.1 x Acc. No.9 and Acc. No.4 x Acc. No.6 had maximum fruit yield of 2.97 kg and 2.93 kg per plant and it showed 63.19 and 85.44 per cent increase over better parent, 67.80 and 65.54 per cent respectively increase over the standard check, TH-1 and also showed resistant reaction against root knot nematodes.


The overhead crane system is widely used in industry to move heavy payloads. To meet safety requirements, the movement of the payload should be performed with small oscillations. However, in many situations the hoisting mechanism must lift and lower payloads to avoid obstacles during movement, which may excite oscillations if not properly controlled. On the other hand, in some applications, it is required to perform loading/unloading operations during the movement of the crane which will also induce payload swing if not effectively treated. In this paper, we consider both cases to allow the crane to have varying rope length to meet geometric constraints and to allow the payload to have time-varying mass. These two effects are considered as uncertainties in our design, and the control of this crane system becomes extremely difficult. The Olfati transformation is used firstly to represent the system as a special cascade form so that an adaptive control strategy can be proposed. The function approximation technique is employed to estimate time-varying uncertainties in the system. The closed loop stability is justified by the Lyapunov-like technique. Simulation cases show that the system is able to track the desired trajectory quickly without overshoot and the swing angle is very small regardless of various uncertainties. Some simple modification of the design can further improve the performance.


ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of antidepressants plus comprehensive nursing intervention on recovery of patients with post-stroke depression(PSD).MethodsA total of 65 patients with PSD were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Two groups of patients received medical treatment and rehabilitation training,and the observation group also received the comprehensive nursing therapy combined with antidepressants.Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Modified Edinburgh-Scandinavian Scoring Scale(MESSS),Mini-mental State Examination(MESS),and Barthel Index(BI) were used to assess depressive symptoms,neurological functional deficit,cognitive function and daily living function.ResultsAfter four weeks of treatment,HAMD score of observation group significantly decreased,but that of control group had no change.The scores of MESSS,MESS and BI in two groups had significant improvement after treatment,while the improvement of observation group was significantly better than that of control group.ConclusionAntidepressants plus comprehensive nursing intervention could significantly improve depressive symptoms and function of patients with PSD.


This paper presents a low-power microcontroller-based acoustic modem for low-range communication based on aspects of whale and dolphin communication. The approach is to decrease influences by using a frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation combined with frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). Addressing individual recipients (unicast) as well as a group (multicast) or all recipients (broadcast) is done by spreading the outgoing signal by orthogonal signatures. Using these signatures means an overhead of the transmitted data but increases the interference resistance and the reliability of the communication.


Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) is a complex and very delicate process in semiconductor. In typical 30,000 wafer capacity of single foundry business model, the CMOS product loads are mixed from various technologies to serve wider market segments. Total devices can be ranged from 100 to 200. This approach creates variables for process time, equipment usage, number of processing steps which leads to inconsistent WIP profiling at respective time period. Approach to maximize the output is used by changing the methodology of WIP movement through a good WIP Profile chart management. A dynamic WIP management approached can improve the FAB out ~ 5%. It will also help the factory to make a right decision to manage the WIP balancing especially when we face BullWIP situation. The Production Control will get a good benefit from this study. A linear plan is no longer work in managing BullWIP situation and an approach on how to improve the line balancing is required.


Absorption spectra of Nb pyrogallol complexes were studied as functions of pH and concentration. An equilibrium shift analysis indicated formations of a pyrogallol complexes NbOPg/sub 2/, with lambda /sub max/ = 360 m mu at pH 6.3, and NbU/sub 2/Pg/su p -/ with lambda /sub max/ = 320 m mu at higher pH. Formal dissociation constants of pyrogallol niobium complexes were estimated. (R.V.J.)


Energy efficiency (EE) is acknowledged as a key performance indicator for 5G networks. This paper mainly studies the problem of energy efficient power allocation in 5G Ultra-dense network (UDN). The existing power allocation algorithms mainly focus on the downlink, and most of them are based on analytic algorithms, which has high computational complexity and is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale deployment in UDN. In order to reduce the complexity, this paper proposes an uplink power allocation algorithm based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Each user acts as an agent and all the users interact with the communication environment simultaneously. In the MARL framework of the proposed algorithm, we add a performance estimator to help train Q-network. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm performs efficiently in term of energy efficiency as well as maintaining a high network throughput at the same time. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is proved to be reduced by at least two magnitudes compared with the analytic algorithms.


Excess nitrate concentration leads to excessive algal growth that reduces dissolved oxygen for aquatic animals. A significant strategy to preserve the water quality of aquatic systems is through nitrate level assessment. However, use of nitrate sensors and existing laboratory approach is costly and requires a huge effort. This study investigated the application of computational intelligence for measurement of nitrate concentration in a tilapia fishpond at Rizal province, Philippines, based on physico-limnological parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH level. Artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms including feed-forward (FNN) and recurrent (RNN) neural networks were developed and optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) to improve their predicting performances. Genetic programming (GP), through GPTIPSv2 tool, was configured to generate a fitness function. This function is the principal component of GA optimization to produce optimal number of hidden neurons for ANN architecture that resulted in 2 neurons for GA-FNN and combination of 92, 31, and 11 neurons for each hidden layer using the GA-RNN model. Based on evaluation results, all models provided acceptable results with error and predictive accuracy values approaching 0 and 1, respectively. However, the GA-FNN model outperformed other models with 3.26 RMSE, 2.23 MAE, and 0.97 R2 values which proved to be the most effective and suitable model for the indirect measurement of nitrate concentration.


Domain adaptation (DA) plays an important role in transfer learning. However, when target label space is a subset of source label space, standard DA cannot tackle this issue. Partial domain adaptation focuses on how to transfer knowledge from massive labelled dataset to unlabelled miniature one, which attracts extensive research interest. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Weight Partial Domain Adaptation (MWPDA) to solve the problem. We divide the source domain into two parts: shared classes and outlier classes. MWPDA aims to reduce negative transfer caused by outlier classes when transferring knowledge between domains. Based on OTSU-Algorithm, hard shared-class labels are obtained to decrease weights of outlier classes and increase ones of shared classes. A novel shared-sample classifier is trained for shared-sample weights to distinguish outlier samples. Shared-class weights and shared-sample weights are acted on source classifier and domain discriminator to jointly distinguish outlier classes and samples. This kind of multiweight mechanism can avoid misalignment to outlier classes and promote classification accuracy. Furthermore, our universal network framework is utilized for both partial domain adaptation and standard domain adaptation issues. Extensive experiments on three benchmark domain adaptation datasets illustrate our method achieves state-of-the-art results.


Context modelling approaches differ in what concepts can be captured by application designers, in the expressive power of the context models, in the support they can provide for reasoning about context, and in the way they facilitate software engineering of context-aware applications. In this paper we respond to the challenge of CoMoRea'09 and show how the Context Modelling Language (CML) and the concepts associated with CML can be used to engineer applications that exhibit behaviour described in Mark Weiser's "Sal" scenario. The paper presents the CML based models for applications from the "Sal" scenario and evaluates the approach based on the criteria defined for the challenge including knowledge and software engineering effort, flexbility, usability, and support for uncertain information.


In this article I present extensive quantitative evidence showing that it is possible to distinguish different Middle English varieties on the basis of the treatment of word-initial h-, and that it is necessary to postulate that, in some varieties, word-initial h- fails to surface in given contexts, though being present as a consonantal phoneme in the underlying representation. This casts a new light on the old problem of whether word-initial h- was lost in Middle English and restored at a later stage: the data presented here suggest that h- loss was never generalized, though h-less forms did surface as contextual variants of h-ful forms.


Protein crystallisation has immense potential to be used for separation and formulation applications on an industrial scale. Crystallisation under static condition is often limited by the diffusion of molecules from the bulk solution to the growing crystal surface. This results in a lower overall yield of the product and longer crystallisation periods. Hence, protein crystallisation under flow conditions has attracted attention with the capability to improve the convective protein transport, reducing the crystallisation time and improving yield. In this study, we investigate the effects of flow, specifically intermittent oscillatory flow on protein (insulin) crystallisation. It was observed that the nucleation and crystal yield is very much influenced by the flow conditions and herein we present some key observations in insulin crystallisation conducted under intermittent oscillatory flow. For oscillatory flow velocities ranging from 6 to 16 mm/min at a frequency of 1 cycle/min, a considerable increase in nucleation has been observed with an increase in flow rate resulting in the formation of large number of crystals in tubes with flow compared to the stationary tubes. Also 50% yield for flow crystallisation was achieved in contrast to only 24% yield for the stationary growth over the 48 hour period. The flow condition was thus found to affect the number and size of crystals. In addition, the intermittent flow pattern utilised in this study helps to separately understand the influence of flow on nucleation and crystal growth. The flow strategy proposed herein could potentially be utilised to optimise crystallisation processes for proteins so as to be used in downstream separation and formulation of products. Abstract Protein crystallisation has immense potential to be used for separation and formulation applications on an industrial scale. Crystallisation under static condition is often limited by the diffusion of molecules from the bulk solution to the growing crystal surface. This results in a lower overall yield of the product and longer crystallisation periods. Hence, protein crystallisation under flow conditions has attracted attention with the capability to improve the convective protein transport, reducing the crystallisation time and improving yield. In this study, we investigate the effects of flow, specifically intermittent oscillatory flow on protein (insulin) crystallisation. It was observed that the nucleation and crystal yield is very much influenced by the flow conditions and herein we present some key observations in insulin crystallisation conducted under intermittent oscillatory flow. For oscillatory flow velocities ranging from 6 to 16 mm/min at a frequency of 1 cycle/min, a considerable increase in nucleation has been observed with an increase in flow rate resulting in the formation of large number of crystals in tubes with flow compared to the stationary tubes. Also 50% yield for flow crystallisation was achieved in contrast to only 24% yield for the stationary growth over the 48 hour period. The flow condition was thus found to affect the number and size of crystals. In addition, the intermittent flow pattern utilised in this study helps to separately understand the influence of flow on nucleation and crystal growth. The flow strategy proposed herein could potentially be utilised to optimise crystallisation processes for proteins so as to be used in downstream separation and formulation of products.


The present invention relates to a friction clutch for coupling to and separation of the two members rotatable relative to one another. According to the present invention, a clutch basket (11), a clutch hub (12), and movable piston (25) and is provided in the axial direction, the clutch basket (11) is a thin plate stack (29) of the outer sheet (31) have support, can be coupled to a first member, a clutch hub (12), the thin plate laminate inner thin plate (32) (29) have support, the second is capable of binding to a member, the piston (25) is adapted to or unloading clutch basket (11) or supported sheet stack to the clutch hub (12) and (29) to load in the axial direction the piston (25), on one side, one of the clutch members, especially and partitions the clutch basket (11) annular cylindrical chamber surrounded by (26), within the chamber (26), the other cladding Members, in particular coupled to the clutch hub (12), and a rotor disk (27) having at least one 押退 only blade (29) is adapted to rotate, in this case, an annular cylindrical chamber (26) but be filled with magneto-rheological fluid at least in a large proportion, which is sealed to the outside, the piston (25) is provided made of a ferromagnetic material, the annular cylinder on the side opposite to the piston (25) Jo chamber controllable electromagnetic coils on the other side of (24) is arranged in (26), such that the electromagnetic coil (24), is generated over the magnetic flux chamber (26) and the piston (25) going on.


Let $\Omega$ be either $\mathbb{R}^n$ or a strongly Lipschitz domain of $\mathbb{R}^n$, and $\omega\in A_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ (the class of Muckenhoupt weights). Let $L$ be a second order divergence form elliptic operator on $L^2 (\Omega)$ with the Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition, and assume that the heat semigroup generated by $L$ has the Gaussian property $(G_1)$ with the regularity of their kernels measured by $\mu\in(0,1]$. Let $\Phi$ be a continuous, strictly increasing, subadditive, positive and concave function on $(0,\infty)$ of critical lower type index $p_{\Phi}^-\in(0,1]$. In this paper, the authors introduce the "geometrical" weighted local Orlicz-Hardy spaces $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,r}(\Omega)$ and $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,z}(\Omega)$ via the weighted local Orlicz-Hardy spaces $h^{\Phi}_{\omega}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and obtain their two equivalent characterizations in terms of the nontangential maximal function and the Lusin area function associated with the heat semigroup generated by $L$ when $p_{\Phi}^-\in(n/(n+\mu),1]$. As applications, the authors prove that the operators $\nabla^2{\mathbb G}_D$ are bounded from $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,r}(\Omega)$ to the weighted Orlicz space $L^{\Phi}_{\omega}(\Omega)$, and from $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,r}(\Omega)$ to itself when $\Omega$ is a bounded semiconvex domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $p_{\Phi}^-\in(\frac{n}{n+1},1]$, and the operators $\nabla^2{\mathbb G}_N$ are bounded from $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,z}(\Omega)$ to $L^{\Phi}_{\omega}(\Omega)$, and from $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,z}(\Omega)$ to $h^{\Phi}_{\omega,\,r}(\Omega)$ when $\Omega$ is a bounded convex domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $p_{\Phi}^-\in(\frac{n}{n+1},1]$, where ${\mathbb G}_D$ and ${\mathbb G}_N$ denote, respectively, the Dirichlet Green operator and the Neumann Green operator.


In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and inflammatory factors (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], hypersensitive C‐reactive protein [HS‐CRP], and procalcitonin [PCT]) of alveolar lavage fluid in patients with severe corona virus‐2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia and their clinical impact on the assessment of disease severity and prognosis. Twenty‐four patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Ezhou Central Hospital from February 1 to March 22, 2020. According to the 28‐day prognosis, they were assigned to a death group and a survival group. On the 3rd day of ICU admission, peripheral blood and alveolar lavage fluid were collected for examination of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors by flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. The CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts in alveolar lavage fluid and serum were significantly higher in the survival group than those of the death group (p < .05). The levels of IL‐6, HS‐CRP, and PCT in the alveolar lavage fluid and serum of the death group were statistically higher than those of the survival group (p < .05); The CD3+, CD4+ cell count, and IL‐6 level were negatively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, respectively (p < .05). The CD4+ cell and SOFA score have a regression relationship for the prognosis of COVID‐19 severe patients. The CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells, and IL‐6 levels are valuable in determining the prognosis of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia and are strongly correlated with the severity of the disease; the CD4+ cell is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia.


The problem in this research is the trouble that occur by the students (PPLBKS) when they do field training in giving group guidance and conseling. Significance of this research to describe 1) the trouble that face by the students of PPLBKS in conducting group guidance. 2) the trouble that face by the students of PPLBKS in appearing group dinamic when serve group guidance. The methodology of this research is descriptive that try to describe situation. The technique that apply in this researche is the simple random sampling. The population in this research are all of the students of PPLBKS 2013/2014, the number of the students are 197 students. Furthermore, the sample of this research are 66 students. The instruments of this research is questionaire. In addition, an analisys of this research is percent formula. The finding of this research are 1) the trouble that face by the students in understanding the implementation of group guidance and conseling have much trouble. 2) the trouble that face by the students of PPLBKS in appearing group dinamic when serving group guidance is more enough.


Considerations of the natural environment permeate drug policy formulation, drug crop production, and trafficking. Cultivators, traffickers, and drug control authorities seek to mold nature to further their respective ends, even as they are also limited by the natural world. Given the environmental realities of cultivating, trafficking, and controlling illegal drugs, more attention to this fact is needed in drug history scholarship. Examining United Nations– and United States–led efforts at poppy replacement in Afghanistan in 1958, 1972, and 1977—and framing opium production and drug control as part of natural resource development in Afghanistan—this article unites strands of scholarship from environmental, foreign relations, and drug history. These episodes of development-as-drug-control demonstrate that throughout the history of economic development in the name of poppy reduction in Afghanistan, Western officials could not redirect the economic and environmental conditions structuring poppy farmers' lives. While much attention has been paid to Afghan opium after the 1979 Soviet invasion, this lesser-known story of drug control proves instructive for understanding present failures.


Background: Fibronectin enters the tear film during sleep and on reflex tear stimulation. Also, contact lens wearers with increased levels of fibronectin in their tears are more likely to carry greater numbers of bacteria on their contact lenses. This points to a role of fibronectin in mediating adhesion of bacteria to contact lenses.


Spin-lattice relaxation time studies are reported of protons in solid solutions of toluene in toluene-d8, and of the derivatives C6F5CH3, C6H5CF3, 2-C6H4FCF3, 2-C6H4ClCF3, 2-C6H4FCH3, 3-C6H4FCH3, 4-C6H4FCH3, 2,3,5,6-C6HF4CH3, 2-C6H4ClCH3, 2,6-C6H3Cl2CH3 and 2,6-C6H3ClFCH3.The temperature dependence of the relaxation times reflects the molecular motions occurring in the crystalline state and yields values for the hindering potential barriers. The data are correlated with the molecular structures and the importance of intermolecular effects demonstrated. Some new thermal data are also presented.


Despite outstanding results on the PISA, the current educational climate in Korea denotes widening gaps in achievement levels between schools of varying demographics, and a grave dependence on private education. Though Finland has also achieved outstanding results on the PISA, Korea and Finland appear to adopt very different approaches to education. In the Finnish context, the quality of educators and their role in strengthening education is believed to be paramount to the success of education as a whole. As a result, the Finnish education system has often been promoted as exemplary in terms of successful education. The aim of this paper, accordingly, is to provide a description of the Finnish education system with a special emphasis on teacher education, in the hope of placing more emphasis on the role of teachers within the Korean context and their part in strengthening intranational competence of Korean education.


The current paper describes a first experiment in the use of TED talks and open tagging exercises to train higher-level comprehension skills, and of automatic logging of the student's actions to investigate the student choices while performing analytical tasks. The experiment took advantage of an interactive learning platform – LearnWeb – that integrates TED talk videos and transcripts and enriches them with tagging features and a data logging system. The data collected offered an answer to the following questions: Which of the three tasks was perceived by the students as more difficult? How was each task faced by the students? How did the logs contribute to an understanding of the students' approaches to the tasks? The experiment also suggested ideas for further development of LearnWeb's log features from a pedagogical and research perspective.


Histoacryl® (N-butyl-2-cyanacrylate) is widely used as an embolic agent for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistula. The glue almost immediately polymerizes when the substance comes in contact with ionic fluids such as blood or with vascular endothelium. To allow a safe injection through a microcatheter the Histoacryl is mixed with ethiodized oils like Lipiodol Ultrafluide® (Guerbet, France). This makes the substance not only radiopaque, but also delays polymerization time and thus allows the interventionalist to modify the process of polymerization.

In our institution we routinely use Histoacryl® with Lipiodol Ultrafluide® as the embolic agent of choice for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Over the years, we have encountered recurrent problems in which the mixture of Histoacryl® and Lipiodol Ultrafluide® showed early polymerization, resulting in incomplete or even failed injection of the glue through the microcatheter. After another of these events we noticed that failure to inject glue was not only related to blockage of flow due to early polymerization in the microcatheter itself, but also to an increased resistance in moving the plunger of the BD Plastipak® syringe (BD Medical, USA). In this specific case we detected small polymerized droplets of glue within the syringe and precipitation of glue to the barrel of the syringe.

We have reason to believe that the black plunger head of the syringe instigates a reaction with Histoacryl®. This reaction causes the substance to change its 'state' and initiates polymerization inside the syringe preventing a supple movement of the rubber plunger head within the plastic barrel. The influence of the barrel itself remains unclear. We performed additional testing and encountered this phenomenon with both 1 and 2 ml barrels as well as with polycarbonate and polyethylene barrels from BD Plastipak® (both Luer and Luer lock). The initiation of the polymerization process of Histoacryl® can cause complete blockage within the microcatheter or can even inhibit the progression of the plunger within the barrel of the syringe itself.

We highly recommend neuro-interventionalists using Histoacryl® in the treatment of cerebrovascular lesions to check the influence of the mixture on the behavior of the plunger within the plastic barrel, by leaving the mixture in the syringe for a period of at least five minutes and check the resistance by moving the plunger back and forth.

At present we are using syringes from EV3 (Covidien), Reference number 103-1203, similar to those supplied with the Onyx® embolization kit and have not encountered any problems with early polymerization to date. Moreover, we are now able to prolong the injection time of Histoacryl® significantly with improved intranidal occlusion.

Bob Nieuwenhuizen

Cindy Beerse-Lute

Rene van den Berg

Interventional Neuroradiology,

Department of Radiology

Academic Medical Center

POBox 9600

1105AZ Amsterdam

The Netherlands


ourFrench confreres; tlhouigliswethink theplain Englishis to be preferred. He will also finid, besides the long recognised symptoms of the constitutional disease, secondary and tertiary, a systematic and intelligible accouint of the researches of moderni pathologists on the effects of syphilis on internial or(ranis-a most importanit brandcls of the subject, the study of whiclh is still in its infancy. but wlhich, happily, is engaging the attention of some of our most able and ardent investigators. The chapters oni the Tr-eatnment of Syphilis are well arranged and sound in principle. illr. Hill is in favour of mercury, carefully and judiciously administered, in all the earlier stages of colnstitutional affectioni, and also for the inidurated primary sore, or, as he calls it, the initial lesion, believingt tlhat, "if given early, it promotes the dispersion of the indurationi at the poinlt of contagion and the enlargement of the glands, and that it lesseins the severity of the cutaneous eruptions, and of the symptoms whichl accompaniy tlbem."-P. 286. We are disposed to go a little fturtlher than tlsis, and to believe that, in a considerable proportion of cases, it will niot onily postpone or lesseni the severity of subsequenit symptoms, but will he successful in preventing tlleir appearance altogetlher. With reference to the alleged inljurious effects of mercury when given for the cure of syphilis, of wlhiicl so much has beeii again heard lately, Mr. Hill says: "'mercury is injurious to syphilitic persons just and onily as it is inijurious to non-syphilitic persoiis, namely, by causing the undoubted effects of mercury upon the human system. These can be almost wholly avoided, wlhile its useful influence over syphilis is secured, if the drug is administered with due precautions."-P. 286. Mr. Hill believes, annd we entirely agree with him, that the compounds of iodine are of no value whatever for the dispersion of the original indurationi, or of the early skin-eruptionis, but that it is especially appropriate for the tertiary class of affections, such as gummy swellings of the cellular tissue, rupia, and affections of the bones. He thinks, howvever, tllat it may sometimes be of use in the earlier stages; through its property of dissolving mercury that has been absorbed into the tissues and become inert, instancing the fact shown by Mlelsens. that, after mercury has ceased to be excreted, it reappears in the urine and other excretionis if iodide of potash (why not call it iodide of potassium?) be given to the patienit; and, also, that salivation sometimes occurs in persons who take the iodide after a mercurial course. (P. 304.) May not the beneficial effect observed in such cases be rather due to the elimination of me-rcuri-y w\vhich has been given in excess, or persevered in too long? We have long been led to look uponi the two remedies as antagonitic in their action, anid have refi-ained, as a rule, from using them in combination, altliouglh the practice is, we know, very common. If, as has been pretty clearly proved, iodide of potassium promotes the elimination of mercury, it will interfere with the beneficial influence of the latter in cases where it is required; though, perhaps, the mercury may not interfere so mutch with the beneficial ilnfluence of the iodide of potassitum, because this is always administered largely in excess. In the treatment of "chanicre," i.e., the uinindurated or soft sore, Mr. Hill, as may be stupposed, discards mercury altogether, depending upon local treatment chiefly, and employing cauterisationi in the early stage when the sore is small, wvith a viewv to its complete destruction. Mr. Hill gives a description of the treatment by repeated inoculation or "Syphilisation," especially as now practised by Boeck and the Norwegian school. Ile is opposed altogether to the system, not only in practice, in whichl poinit most English surgeons would agree wi:-h him, but also as to the theory of its action, on which there would perhaps be more difference of opiniion aniong those who have paid attention to the subject. Mlr. Hill has niot alluded in any way to the experiments in syphilisation made, in I865, by the surgeons of the Lock Hospital, -under the superision of Dr. Boeck. The results of these experiments, and the conclusions founded tipon them, are recorded in the Tranisachionzs of the Royal Medical anid Cliirur-gical Society for I867. They were conducted in a thorouglsly impartial spirit by Mr. James Lane and Mr. Gascoyen, and excitedI a good deal of attention, and were certainly deserving of notice in any Enlglislh treatise on the subject. The omission is the more strikinig, as they were carried on at the Hospital with which Mr. Hill is hiimself conniected. The chapters on Gonorrhlvia and its complications, which form the fourth division of the hook, are excellent. The directions for the management of these coinditions in the male are very judicious and practical. Mr. lill describes the "abortive " treatment, wlhich aims at cutting short the disorder in its early stage by strong caustic inijections, but without recommending it for adoption. lie speaks of it as rarely successful and not free from danger. We believe it to be a most pernicious practice, and deserving of emphatic condemnation. The account given of gonorrhca in the female, and of uterine and vaginal discharges, is especially deserving of perusal. Mlr. Hill has paid great attention to this part of the subject, and the practitioner will find a variety of useful practical suggestions for the management of these disorders, often so obstinate under the ordinary routine treatment. We would not, however, advise him to adopt the suggestion, in chronic leucorrhoca, "to pass a stick of nitrate of silver into the cervix, and keep it there onze or iwfo mzzintes". (P. 484). Surely Mr. Hill must have meant secon2ds. Injections of caustic solutions into the body and cervix uteri should be used withgreatgentlenessand caution; for, thoughtheyare most useful applications to the disordered secreting surface, they are very apt to be followed by severe pain in the hypogastric region, and may even induce peritonitis. Mr. Hill very properly suggests that the nozzle of the syringe should be small, so that the solution may escape readily by the side of it. He recommends the use of a hook to hold the os uteri while the syringe is being used; but we cannot think that this will be found generally necessary. This book, though not free from blemish, anid showing, as we think, some signs of hasty composition, is one which we can, on the whole, confidently recommend to the notice of both student and practitionier. It is clear, intelligible, and practical, and bears the impress throughout of being the production of one who is thoroughly at home in the subjects of which he treats.


By using frequency trellis diagram method to construct G function in DFH system,when bit number per hop increase or the number of available frequency choices decrease,SER will be degraded since the minimum free distance of frequency trellis diagram decrease.This paper proposes a G function constructing method based on status trellis diagram and corresponding encoding model.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed methods solve the above problems effectively by keeping the length of code shift register and selecting the optimal tap structure.


In connection with the adjustment of the program and normative documents of educational institutions, a comparative analysis was carried out and an assessment of the level of physical fitness of students in grades 7-8 living in urban and rural areas was given. The results of the study confirmed the need to take into account the living conditions of children when organizing and conducting physical education lessons at school.


Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a cause of sudden cardiac death in often otherwise healthy young adults. Cardiac arrest following an unstable tachydysrhythmia may be the primary presenting symptom. Venous arterial extracorporeal life support via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has been used as a rescue strategy in emergency departments (EDs) for patients with cardiac arrest unresponsive to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We present a case of a previously healthy 18‐year‐old male who presented to our emergency department with ECG features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and subsequent pulseless polymorphic ventricular tachycardia refractory cardiac arrest, treated with ED‐initiated VA ECMO.


The popularity of online contents in social media frequently experiences ebb and flow, and thus its evolution often involves different stages, such as burst and valley. Exploring the patterns of popularity evolution, especially how burst forms and decays, and even further, predicting the trends of popularity evolution is both an important research topic and beneficial to support decision making for many applications, such as emergency management, business intelligence, and public security. Previous work on popularity prediction has focused on predicting the popularity volume of online contents, and at most, popularity burst and ignored the exploration of popularity evolution and the prediction of its stages. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose our method for the popularity stage prediction problem both at the microscopic level and macroscopic level. At the microscopic level, we first extract multiple dynamic factors and infer future evolution stage by considering the contributions of different dynamic factors. At the macroscopic level, we extract the overall evolution patterns of popularity stages and adopt a pattern matching-based method to predict future popularity stages. We evaluate the proposed approach using tweets in SinaWeibo, the most popular Twitter-like social media platform in China. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach in predicting popularity evolution stages.


College students are deficient in the consciousness of social responsibility,which is mainly reflected by the tendency that the ideal of serving the society is neglected,and the social value is ignored.Furthermore,they lack the spirit of contribution to the collective benefits and the whole society.These problems are caused by the weak moral and responsibility education,the poor education of observing laws and disciplines,blunted conscious- ness of being a talent and deficient education of life mission.Therefore,scientific guidance,strengthened self- education and good circumstances for responsibility education are effective ways to solve the above problems.


This paper proposes similarity-based soft clustering (SISC), an efficient soft clustering algorithm based on a given similarity measure used in document clustering. Comparison with existing hard clustering algorithms like K-means, the experiment indicates SISC is both efficient and effective, and this algorithm is available for document clustering. In the end, it highlights the upcoming challenges of document mining and the opportunities it offers.


Based on data from probate inventories we construct and analyze an annual time series of slave prices for South Carolina from 1722 to 1809. Comparison of South Carolina slave prices with those in other parts of the Western Hemisphere and the relationship between slave prices and slave imports indicate that while the long-run supply of slaves was highly elastic, over periods of one to two decades the supply curve was upward sloping. Comparison of our slave price series with an index of agricultural export prices indicates that labor productivity growth in agriculture was modest over the eighteenth century.


Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative and antioxidative stress markers with presence of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and the severity of LVD with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Further, the role of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers on gender was also investigated. Methods This was an observational prospective pilot study of patients diagnosed with CAD with LVD who underwent PCI at the center from June 2017 to December 2017. Based on the ejection function (EF), patients were categorized into three groups: mild (> 40–50%), moderate (> 35–40%), and severe (≤ 35%). The oxidative and antioxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], and nitric oxide [NO]) were studied and compared in these groups and in both genders as subanalysis. Results Total 33 patients were enrolled, of whom 23 were male (69.7%) and 10 were female (30.3%). Mean age of the study population was 58.8 ± 9.3 years. Significant elevation of MDA and NO was seen in 33 (100%) and 26 (78.8%), respectively, and decreased GSH was seen in 30 (90.9%). There was no significant difference with respect to oxidative and antioxidative stress markers and severity of LVD (MDA, p = 0.25; NO, p = 0.79; and GSH, p = 0.2) despite elevated MDA levels in all patients. The subanalysis was done to see the gender effect with oxidative and antioxidative stress markers (MDA, p = 0.29; NO, p = 0.10; and GSH, p = 0.50), and they all were insignificant. Conclusion In this study, there was no significant relationship of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers on the degree of LVD even though the elevated MDA levels suggestive of increased oxidative stress were seen in all patients. The further analysis of gender in relation to oxidative and antioxidative stress markers was also insignificant.


For low-aspect-ratio turbine blades secondary loss reduction is important for improving performance. This paper presents the application of a viscous adjoint method to reduce secondary loss of a linear cascade. A scalable wall function is implemented in an existing Navier-Stokes flow solver to simulate the secondary flow with reduced requirements on grid density. The simulation result is in good agreement with the experimental data. Entropy production through a blade row is used as the objective function in the optimization of blade redesign and endwall contouring. With the adjoint method, the complete gradient information needed for optimization can be obtained by solving the governing flow equations and their corresponding adjoint equations only once, regardless of the number of design parameters. Three design cases are performed with a low-aspect-ratio steam turbine blade tested by Perdichizzi and Dossena. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to reduce flow loss through the redesign of the blade while maintaining the same mass-averaged turning angle. The effects on the profile loss and secondary loss due to the geometry modification of stagger angle, blade shape and endwall profile are presented and analyzed.Copyright © 2010 by ASME and Alstom Technology Ltd.


Measurements have been carried out over the temperature range 380°—525°K using a four‐cell hot‐wire thermal‐conductivity apparatus. At the lower temperatures the thermal conductivities of H2O and D2O are identical, but at the highest temperature the conductivity of D2O is larger by 8–9 parts per thousand. Conductivities of the equimolar mixtures lie midway between the conductivities of the pure components. Results are analyzed to test a recent hypothesis that a resonant exchange of rotational quanta causes the thermal conductivity of a polar gas to seem anomalously low in relation to its viscosity. It is concluded that the interchange of rotational energy between neighboring dipoles may be important, but that exact resonance is probably not required, at least in the case of water vapor.


Since HTML5 has become open to the public many developers have been experimenting with the new possibilities for web development, the aim of this research paper is to give an overview of what this means to the game development community. This research paperwill evaluate new HTML5 elements and JavaScript features. We highlight WebGL, Canvas and WebSockets, which have given developers the opportunity to flaunt their creativity by manipulatingimages, creating3D environments and providing real-time interaction.


Ion-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration were used to extract anserine from salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The salmon anserine showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in the range of 7.30% to 31.05% in a dose-dependent manner. This reducing power of salmon anserine also increased as the concentration increased. Metal chelate activity, superoxide dismutase - like activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay showed similar results. The anserine also suppressed the increment of the peroxide value and linoleic acid during storage periods. These results suggest that salmon anserine might be useful as a natural antioxidant in various foodstuffs.


Significance In the bulk phase, hydroxyl radical from the one-electron transfer and high-valent iron-oxo species from the O-atom transfer compete to be the reactive intermediates in the Fenton and related reactions. In the confined space at a nanoscale, however, the behavior of the Fenton reaction is elusive. Herein, we report an unprecedented singlet oxygen mediated Fenton's reaction occurred inside carbon nanotube with inner diameter of ∼7 nm, showing exotic catalytic activities, unforeseen adsorption-dependent selectivity, and pH stability for the oxidation of organic compounds. Our results suggest the use of Fenton's reaction in more scenarios than ever explored. For several decades, the iron-based Fenton-like catalysis has been believed to be mediated by hydroxyl radicals or high-valent iron-oxo species, while only sporadic evidence supported the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) in the Haber–Weiss cycle. Herein, we report an unprecedented singlet oxygen mediated Fenton-like process catalyzed by ∼2-nm Fe2O3 nanoparticles distributed inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes with inner diameter of ∼7 nm. Unlike the traditional Fenton-like processes, this delicately designed system was shown to selectively oxidize the organic dyes that could be adsorbed with oxidation rates linearly proportional to the adsorption affinity. It also exhibited remarkably higher degradation activity (22.5 times faster) toward a model pollutant methylene blue than its nonconfined analog. Strikingly, the unforeseen stability at pH value up to 9.0 greatly expands the use of Fenton-like catalysts in alkaline conditions. This work represents a fundamental breakthrough toward the design and understanding of the Fenton-like system under nanoconfinement, might cause implications in other fields, especially in biological systems.