This study evaluates the behavior of small clay hollow-bricks walls exposed to high temperatures. Blocks measuring 14 and 19 cm thick were used, with strengths of 7 and 10 MPa. The thickness of the joints, the mortar, and the coating influence was evaluated. The temperatures of the furnace, the interior and the surface of the walls, the expansion of the blocks and the crushing of the joints were measured. It was possible to infer that the samples presented good performance, maintaining their integrity, thermal insulation, and load-bearing capacity. The restriction of the boundaries did not cause the spalling of the blocks, however, it was possible to observe the stress transfer to them in samples with rigid joint mortar. The masonry measuring 19 cm wide and the ones with coating showed better thermal performance.


Technology to generate single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and tools to annotate them have rapidly advanced in the past several years. Such tools generally rely on existing transcriptomic datasets or curated databases of cell type defining genes, while the application of scalable natural language processing (NLP) methods to enhance analysis workflows has not been adequately explored. Here we deployed an NLP framework to objectively quantify associations between a comprehensive set of over 20,000 human protein-coding genes and over 500 cell type terms across over 26 million biomedical documents. The resultant gene-cell type associations (GCAs) are significantly stronger between a curated set of matched cell type-marker pairs than the complementary set of mismatched pairs (Mann Whitney p < 6.15×10−76, r = 0.24; cohen's D = 2.6). Building on this, we developed an augmented annotation algorithm that leverages GCAs to categorize cell clusters identified in scRNA-seq datasets, and we tested its ability to predict the cellular identity of 185 clusters in 13 datasets from human blood, pancreas, lung, liver, kidney, retina, and placenta. With the optimized settings, the true cellular identity matched the top prediction in 66% of tested clusters and was present among the top five predictions for 94% of clusters. Further, contextualization of differential expression analyses with these GCAs highlights poorly characterized markers of established cell types, such as CLIC6 and DNASE1L3 in retinal pigment epithelial cells and endothelial cells, respectively. Taken together, this study illustrates for the first time how the systematic application of a literature derived knowledge graph can expedite and enhance the annotation and interpretation of scRNA-seq data.


Recent developments in the aerospace sector combined with the increased involvement of commercial entities in space activities have shown that there is need to adopt some 'rules of the road' in outer space.
The aim of the paper is to elaborate on the possible paths leading towards the regulation of Space Traffic Management (STM) and elements of STM that should be addressed as part of a new regulatory regime governing space traffic.
Special attention will be given to a new possible mandate of the International Civil Aviation Organization, which appears to be well capacitated to carry out the tasks related to space safety, including STM, particularly with respect to regulation, oversight and implementation of STM.
Space Traffic Management, SSA, space debris mitigation, outer space


How [vocational education and training] VET in Schools can be strengthened to provide stronger links to post-school pathways is explored in this report. Integrating vocational learning into the general disciplinary curriculum or having a school-based vocational program separate from the Australian Qualifications Framework qualifications were identified as possible ways to strengthen VET in Schools. The author also proposes a 'programmatic' approach to VET in Schools, whereby study is focused on a specific industry rather than an occupation. This work is part of the three-year research program 'Vocations: the link between post-compulsory education and the labour market'.


An experimental research on comprehensively recovering zinc and sulphur zinc and sulphur from the cyanide tailings of a gold cyanide leaching plant in Henan by the technological flowsheet of selective flotation of zinc was carried out.As a result,by using the flotation flowsheet of one roughing-three scavenging-three cleaning,using combined inhibitor XJ-3 and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as collectors,a qualified zinc concentrate with grade of 40.67% and recovery was 88.76% was obtained,the tailings which could also be a pyrite concentrate,no pollutants would be discharged and be centrally treated.This process technology can make full use of mineral resources,and has little influence on environment.


The article is focused on the Czech philosopher and journalist Emanuel Radl (1873-1942), especially on the interpretation of some essential concepts of Radl's philosophy that are used in the context of Christian theology. Radl's attitude to philosophy and religion is based on the intellectual background of his time. Radl did not develop any systematic religious or theological theory. His approach to religion can be found in occasional notes in his writings. His understanding of philosophy (especially his concepts of moral order and idea) is more evident in the theological and Christian context. Radl's vision of the world is derived more from Judeo-Christian traditions than from the philosophical tradition. That is why Radl belongs to the greatest personalities of Czech philosophy and theology.


Background:  Cinnamomum cassia (Family: Lauraceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of a number of diseases, including diabetes. The hypoglycemic effect of this plant has been established in vivo. However, the effects of cinnamic acid, isolated from C. cassia, on the insulin signaling cascade in an in vitro model have not been elucidated. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti‐diabetic effect of cinnamic acid on glucose transport by L6 myotubes.


The measures and measures of the Russian state aimed at ensuring economic security of PJSC AvtoVAZ have been examined. The review of the results of nancial and economic activities of the Russian auto concern for the period 2007-2017 is given. Conclusions are drawn about the eectiveness and eectiveness of the actions of the owners of the company aimed at protecting its interests from external and internal threats, an overall assessment of the correctness of the chosen development strategy has been made, and the necessary conditions for its implementation have been claried.


The performance of humans across a range of different kinds of cognitive tasks has been encapsulated as a common statistical factor called g or general intelligence factor. What intelligence actually is, is unclear and hotly debated, yet there is a reproducible association of g with performance


Based on the lot-sizing problem of limited capacity,ajoint decision model of Preventive Maintenance(PM)and Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem(CLSP)was proposed to minimize the total cost of production and maintenance.To formulate the interactive relationship between production and maintenance activities,run-based PM policy was adopted to evaluate the influence of different production load on machine state accurately.To solve the problem that the maintenance period was less than production period,the multiple PM operations were assumed.Lingo was used to solve the proposed model,and the numerical example indicated that over-maintenance and under-maintenance could be avoided by proposed method under different machine utilizations and PM intervals by comparing to the interval-based PM policy.Thus the production and maintenance costs were reduced,and the average maintenance cost was very approximate to the optimum.


This study constructed production frontiers of inputs and outputs in a sequential manner, measured inefficiencies by applying a non-radial sequential weighted Russell directional distance function to these frontiers, and analyzed Luenberg productivity indices and the contribution of each of input and output factor based on these distances. The results are as follows. First, the productivity of banks increased due to technical changes after the global financial crisis. Second, productivity growth decreased between 2009 and 2014 due to technical changes after the recession, as previous studies have shown that technology progressed before the global financial crisis but then largely decreased or remained the same thereafter. After 2014, the productivity of banks improved. This result may be due to both technology improvement after 10 years of stagnation and reduction of inputs and non-performing loans. Third, the 3.6% annual of productivity growth for 10 years was comprised of 1.77% household loans, 0.67% corporate loans, 0.98% manpower, 1.18% non-performing loans, -0.5% total deposits, and -1.25% securities. Finally, this study has limitations since it could not control risks such as capital structure and interest volatility.


Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits, but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles. Here, we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink (Plestiodon chinensis) from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) to evaluate the combined effects of clutch origin, source population, and incubation temperature on hatchling traits. The relative importance of these factors varied between traits. Nearly all examined hatchling traits, including body mass, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length, head size, limb length, tympanum diameter, and locomotor speed, varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature. Measures for hatchling size (body mass and SVL) varied considerably among clutches. Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass, whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits. Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P. chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.


collected during one and a half years, beginning 1 July 1997. Method—Clinical variables (including those constituting the EULAR and ILAR criteria) and laboratory findings were registered longitudinally for each patient by paediatricians experienced in paediatric rheumatology. A database was constructed specifically for this purpose. In this study clinical findings and laboratory data from the first 6 months (for certain variables also for the first 12 months) were considered. Results—322 patients qualified for classification according to the ILAR criteria. Of those 322 patients, 291 had a disease duration of >3 months and were classified according to the EULAR criteria. Thus, 31/322 (10%) children were diagnosed only according to the ILAR criteria. 15% of the patients did not fulfil ILAR criteria for any of the categories and 6% fulfilled criteria for more than one category. As an example of the eVect of diVerent classification systems in our study, 160/ 322 were classified as oligoarticular by ILAR criteria and 184/291 by EULAR criteria. Conclusion—The qualifications for the ILAR criteria are diVerent from those of the EULAR criteria, which makes simple comparison neither possible nor scientifically relevant. One possibility is to study the construct validity of the respective criteria to give us a better idea of the classification and its consequences.


In the background of low-carbon economy, the logistics activities call for low- carbon and green. However, the way of low-carbon logistics is difficult in China, because it is subject to a number of reasons that China's logistics industry goes low-carbon development road, including the concept behind, hysteresis of guidance and management policy, the extensive mode of the industry development, the logistics facilities and equipment behind, no enough collaborative management in logistics and other industries together, and so on. The packaging is the basis of logistics activities; it can promote the realization of the low-carbon logistics to develop environmental packaging. There are two ways that environmental packaging plays a catalytic role of low-carbon logistics: First, the reduction of packaging materials and R&D and application of green packaging materials; second, the green and environmental protection in the design and application of packaging mode. Final, the unity of logistics and packaging is tried hard to achieve.


 Background : Hypothyroidism is a prevalent disease mostly affecting middle aged women. Recently, the American Diabetes Association ADA has announced the use of glycated hemoglobin more than 6.5% for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, recent reports have stated a spuriously high level of glycated hemoglobin in non diabetic hypothyroid patients. Furthermore, conflicting results of the relation of (GA) glycated albumin (as an alternative to HbA1c) to hypothyroidism was found in several recent studies.  Objectives: Assess the HbA1c level in non diabetic hypothyroid patient and assess glycated albumin (fructosamine) as an alternative to it.  Methods: 96 hypothyroid non-diabetic patients was assessed for HBA1c and fructosamine. These levels was compared to 96 controls, who are non diabetic non hypothyroid patients. Full clinical examination and history will be performed for the patients and controls. The following labs was performed for all subjects: Blood glucose level, Hemoglobin,Thyroid functions was also performed. Glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c), was done as well as fructoseamine for all candidates.  Results: HbA1c levels increases in non diabetic hypothyroid patients. There is a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and TSH. There was no significant correlation between fructosamine and thyroid function.  Conclusion: HbA1c levels increases in non diabetic hypothyroid patients. Because our study found positive correlation between fructosamine and free T4, we do not recommend it as an alternative to HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes. Hence fasting and post prandial


WITH INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITIES AND HIGH SPEEDS, THE REQUIREMENT OF IMPROVED ROAD SAFETY AND QUALITY OF TRAFFIC FLOW, INCREASING ATTENTION MUST BE GIVEN TO LIGHT AND SOUND PROPERTIES OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACE AS WELL AS ITS EVENNESS (OR UNEVENNESS) AND ITS SKID RESISTANCE PROPERTIES. THE PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIRST THREE SUBJECTS IS OUTLINED, AS IT APPEARS IN PRACTICE. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS DEVOTED TO THE ROLE OF PEOPLE IN THE DETERMINATION OF BOUNDARIES FOR SAFETY, USEFULNESS AND COMFORT OF HIGHWAYS.


Cellular automata have a widespread use in the description of complex phenomena in disciplines as disparate as, for example, physics and economics. A cellular automaton is a lattice of cells, and t ...


The structure of the mouse glutamic acid decarboxylase-like protein 1 (GADL1) is described. The structure provides new insights into the function of GADL1 and related decarboxylases.


Microstructural development in sintered uranium dioxide pellets was studied with reference to (1) origin of the powder and (2) time, temperature and other conditions of sintering. Changes in the microstructure of the sintered pellets when reheated at temperatures below and above sintering temperature for various periods of time have also been studied. It was found that a judicious choice of the powder with desired characteristics and a judicious choice of optimum conditions for sintering of the powder have to be utilized to attain controlled microstructure. The grain size can be increased and grain development made more perfect by an appropriate thermal treatment of the sintered pellets.


Recently, the dynamical simulation of pantograph and catenary in high speed trains has found much interest. The equations of motion form a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) for the catenary and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) for the pantograph. Standard approaches intertwine modelling and numerical solution by first discretizing some parts in space and then setting up the overall model. The alternative we propose is a descriptor form model which comprises all equations and coupling conditions before discretization. This descriptor form represents also an example for a certain class of mechanical systems with constraints that can be subsumed under the term partial differential-algebraic equation (PDAE).


Ghana Television shares many of the post-colonial historical features that public broadcasting systems in African countries inherited at independence. The television producers' perceptions of role and job function, politics and organisational structures impact the role of Ghana Television and its contribution to contemporary Ghanaian society. Through a consideration of national post-colonial history and theories of media, communication, culture and development communication, this thesis considers the agency of Ghana Television in social development by analysing producers' perceptions of their production system and broadcast outcomes. Ghanaian public television service faces many challenges that are primarily political and historical. Producers struggle to straddle a line between instinctively championing ideals within content creation processes and maintaining a ill-functioning system and politicised culture of production. The research finds that there are difficulties inherent in delivering a truly public service remit, within the historicised post-colonial context, and highlights the challenges as well as opportunities for improving the delivery of public television service. It draws conclusions that have lessons for similar countries in the post-colonial South.


To produce a set of transform coefficients for coding the frames or blocks in that section apparatus, a method is provided, the frame, or includes a media encoder coupled to a data interface adapted to receive that part, and the media encoder, block and select a rotation symmetrical mask, rotate the block on the basis of symmetric mask with two complementary portions for the block from a plurality of rotationally symmetrical mask defining a plurality of different rotational symmetry in the multi-dimensional space having the same size and shape a partition, and wherein each generation of the two complementary parts of the rotationally symmetrical blocks having one, is adapted to calculate at least one strain factor for at least one element of the rotational symmetric block pair.


UDP(2)-fructose was synthesized from d-fructofuranose-2-phosphate by the method of Khorana et al. The product thus obtained showed slightly higher paper chromatographic mobilities than those of UDP-glucose and UDP(1)-fructose, and a large negative optical rotation. In acid hydrolysis, this substance was quickly converted into UDP(1)-fructose and then the latter is hydrolyzed to UMP and fructose-1-phosphate. The rate constant of this first step is far larger than the acid hydrolysis rate constant of natural UDP-fructose isolated from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke. When treated with the snake venom nucleotide pyrophosphatase, UDP(2)-fructose was splitted into UMP and a substance having the same paper chromatographic mobility as that of fructofuranose-2-phosphate. From these results and those reported previously, the structure of the synthetic product may be UDP(2)-β-d-fructofuranose. It was argued that the natural UDP-fructose may be UDP(2)-α-d-fructofuranose.


There are some methods to determine accident cost, one of which is the willingness-to-pay method. Willingness-to-pay method use in this research because this method more recommended by developed countries than gross output method which is still used in developing countries, especially Indonesia. Road traffic accident is one of the top 10 causes of death because motorcycle drivers are vulnerable and have a high-risk probability for traffic accidents. Location of this study is at Surabaya City which is the second biggest city in Indonesia because the frequency of accidents is increasing every year. This research began by collecting accident data, demography of Surabaya, price and lifetime of motorcycle tires, and perform stated preference survey to receive the willingness-to-pay value. Selection of decisions in replacing and maintaining tires can determine different willingness-to-pay value. This research analyzes willingness-to-pay value using the discrete choice method and reduces the risk probability of traffic accidents for themselves.


The synthesis of fluorescent unnatural amino-acid Anap was optimized and the Anap was incorporated into four sites in an acid-pocket or a transmembrane region of human acid-sensing ion channel-1a (hASIC1a). Combinational Anap fluorescence spectra and patch-clamp electrophysiology data illustrated site-specific conformational responses upon toxin mambalgin-1 binding. This combinational approach can be used to analyse conformational properties of many different eukaryotic proteins in their functional states, in a site-specific manner in live mammalian cells.


In 1980, the affirmative action office at the University of Michigan established a sexual harassment task force to begin developing a multifaceted attempt to combat sexual harassment on campus. "Tell Someone," as the resulting program came to be known, has as one of its components a training workshop for engaging in personal and institutional battle with sexual harassment.' At the center of the workshop is a set of twelve trigger tapes (thirty-second videotaped dramas), six focused on student settings and six focused on employment settings. The tapes are designed to demonstrate the variety, complexity and genuine uncertainty typically surrounding incidents of sexual harassment, and they examine several basic forms: (1) male harassing female; (2) female harassing male; (3) heterosexual harassing homosexual; and (4) homosexual harassing heterosexual.2 With the help of trained facilitators, work-


Male sex is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with higher illness burden and earlier onset. Thus, we hypothesized that loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the tumor micro-environment (TME) might be involved in oncogenesis. Previous studies show that LOY in circulating leukocytes of aging men was associated with shorter survival and non-hematological cancer, as well as higher LOY in CD4+ T-lymphocytes in men with prostate cancer vs. controls. However, nothing is known about LOY in leukocytes infiltrating TME and we address this aspect here. We studied frequency and functional effects of LOY in blood, TME and nontumorous tissue. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Tregs) in TME had the highest frequency of LOY-cells (22%) in comparison to CD4+ T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Using scRNA-seq LOY was also linked to higher expression of PDCD1, TIGIT and IKZF2 in Tregs. PDCD1 and TIGIT encode immune checkpoint receptors involved in the regulation of Tregs function. Our study sets the direction for further functional research regarding a probable role of LOY in intensifying features related to the suppressive phenotype of Tregs in TME and consequently a possible influence on immunotherapy response in CRC patients.


The European community is developing a security strategy for migrants which clashes with the wish of many of them not to favour a particular country for indeterminate periode settlement. The use of immigrants for precise economic needs is leading Europe and its member states to build «intelligent borders» enabling them to identify people considered as «high-risk», by means of a Visa Information System. An obsession with fraud is also leading to the use of biometrics in a more sophisticated proactive approach than the essentially reactive strategy governing security matters as a whole.


Two virus-like particles occur in the venom apparatus (poison glands) associated with the ovaries of the parasitic wasp Biosteres longicaudatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The venom apparatus consists of accessory gland filaments (tubules) (AGFs) and a short, carrot-shaped, muscular sac, Dufour's gland. Rod-shaped particles measuring 250–300 nm long and 60–70 nm wide with convex ends occur in 100% of the cells examined along the middle third of the AGFs. These particles are associated with an electron-dense crystalline matrix within a stroma surrounded by vesicles. Similar particles are present in vacuoles in 76–90% of the epidermal cells in the pharate pupal host, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), after parasitization by B. longicaudatus. The second type of particle is spherical and has an outer membrane with a beaded surface. It is about 250 nm in diameter and has an electron-dense biconcave central core with two lateral bodies, and resembles entomopoxviruses. Such particles occur within a stro...


1. The Cultural Constitution of Political Economy 2. The Savage Smith and the Temporal Walls of Capitalism 3. Necro-economics and Steuart's Geocultural Political Economy 4. Capitalism's Wounds: Ferguson's International Political Economy 5. Shed No Tears: Hegel's Necro-Philosophy 6. Marx and Temporal Difference 7. Savage Times


Soft x‐ray microscopy is well suited to investigation of nanoparticles in liquid media. Using a table‐top microscope based on a gas‐discharge source emitting at 2.88 nm, dried CdTe nanowires and dried PbS hyperbranched nanocrystals are investigated. These structures are the result of the assembly of nanoparticles in a liquid environment. Soft x‐ray microscopy is aiming at a better understanding of underlying parameters that affect the self assembly to the desired final structures. It is shown that the presented setup is able to image these particles with a resolution of about 50 nm with exposure times in the range of tens of seconds. The discharge source has a photon flux of more than 109 photons/(sr s μm2) at a photon energy of 430 eV with a bandwidth of λ/Δλ = 840. The repetition rate of the source is up to 1000 Hz. With the current setup a photon flux of 5×106 photons/(μm2 s) at the sample is achieved.


ScalaLab and GroovyLab are both MATLAB-like environments for the Java Virtual Machine. ScalaLab is based on the Scala programming language and GroovyLab is based on the Groovy programming language. They present similar user interfaces and functionality to the user. They also share the same set of Java scientific libraries and of native code libraries. From the programmer's point of view though, they have significant differences. This paper compares some aspects of the two environments and highlights some of the strengths and weaknesses of Scala versus Groovy for scientific computing. The discussion also examines some aspects of the dilemma of using dynamic typing versus static typing for scientific programming. The performance of the Java platform is continuously improved at a fast pace. Today Java can effectively support demanding high-performance computing and scales well on multicore platforms. Thus, both systems can challenge the performance of the traditional C/C


In this paper the design of a VCSEL driver with strong equalization is presented. Unlike other published works the pre-emphasis provided from the proposed driver and the output voltage swing are independently tunable up to the saturation of the output stage (~700 mVpp in 50 Ω load environment). The driver is designed in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Thanks to the various bandwidth extension techniques, the electrical data-rate at which the driver can operate is higher than 50 Gbit/s. A wide open optical eye diagram is measured at 48 Gbit/s with a 20 GHz VCSEL. The driver and the VCSEL consume only 188 mW from a dual voltage supply of 2.5 and 3.4 V. To the best of the authors knowledge 3.9 mW/(Gbit/s) is the highest reported energy-efficiency for a common-cathode VCSEL driver with data-rate higher than 40 Gbit/s. Moreover an open eye at 48 Gbit/s is the fastest reported for a common cathode VCSEL driver without pre-emphasis in the receiver.


This paper deals with the synchronization of spatiotemporal chaotic systems and presents a new robust secondary chaotic secure communication system for digital signal transmissions which can recover digital signal even though the transmitted signal is influenced by limited noise. The transmitter terminal and the receiver terminal both contain a spatiotemporal chaotic system and a hyperchaotic system. The asymptotic convergence of the errors between the states of the transmitter terminal and the receiver terminal has been proved based on the Lyapunov stable theory and active-passive decomposition (APD) method. Moreover, a random digital signal and a binary Lena image are encrypted and decrypted successfully to verify the efficiency of the proposed robust secure communication system.


The use of robots as an educational tool is particularly interesting because of their potential to support collaboration, their capability to trigger physical activity and their inherent attractiveness. However, despite their many benefits, few works have considered the use of robots with children aged under 6 years and those which are targeted at these very young children do not fully exploit the technology, since the designed robots are fixed in one spot and do not support collaborative and cooperative instruction. This paper therefore evaluates the usability of a tangible-mediated robot with eighty-six kindergarten children (2 to 6 years old) which was designed for collaborative kindergarten instruction. The results obtained proved the suitability of the proposed platform for children from the age of 3 years and lays the foundation for developing new learning activities based on this technology for early childhood instruction.


Section I Essentials of Marketing Management Part A Introduction Chapter One Strategic Planning and the Marketing Management Process Part B Marketing Information, Research, and Understanding the Target Market Chapter Two Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making Chapter Three Consumer Behavior Chapter Four Organizational Buying Chapter Five Market Segmentation Part C The Marketing Mix Chapter Six Product Strategy Chapter Seven New Product Planning and Development Chapter Eight Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising and Sales Promotion Chapter Nine Personal Selling Chapter Ten Distribution Strategy Chapter Eleven Pricing Strategy Part D Marketing in Special Fields Chapter Twelve The Marketing of Services Chapter Thirteen Global Marketing Section II Analyzing Marketing Problems and Cases Section III Financial Analysis for Marketing Decisions Section IV Internet Exercises and Sources of Marketing Information Part A Internet Exercises Part B Annotated Bibliography of Major Online Databases Used in Marketing Section V Marketing Management Cases Case Group A Market Opportunity Analysis Case Group B Product Strategy Case Group C Promotion Strategy Case Group D Distribution Strategy Case Group E Pricing Strategy Case Group F Social and Ethical Issues in Marketing Management Section VI Strategic Marketing Cases Section VII Developing Marketing Plans


In a recent article in this Journal, Hualde (1990) offers a new explanation for the development of some of the long vowels of Friulan. I have not been convinced that it is the best solution. This Statement from someone who knows nothing about that language except for what has been published in the article, may sound presumptuous. The alternative proposed here may be completely misguided. It will nevertheless, I hope, prompt specialists to provide the relevant data to make a reasonable choice (the forms marked here with ? are forms which I predict to have existed in Friulan, if regulär sound changes applied to earlier Romance forms—they are very hypothetical). Hualde (1990:37—38) suggests that stressed vowels were lengthened before single word-final voiced consonants prior to the devoicing of these consonants and the degemination of word-final [H]. Here is a representative evolution of selected forms:


We investigated whether sequence variation in monoamine‐regulatory genes is associated with behavioral and monoamine metabolite differences previously identified between dominant and subordinate cynomolgus macaques, Macaca fascicularis. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of monoamine metabolites and certain behavioral phenotypes are significantly heritable in monkeys, and specific genotypes of the human monoamine pathways have been linked to personality and monoamine metabolite levels. The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopaminergic tone and was selected as a candidate gene for this project. DNA, social rank and detailed behavioral observations were obtained from 500 M. fascicularis. Monoamine metabolite levels were collected from 100 monkeys. Sequence variation in the macaque DAT gene was characterized in 50 individuals and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variants. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined for each of the ~80 polymorphisms identified, one of which is shared by humans. None of the SNPs correlated with social status in these 50 individuals. However, two non‐synonymous SNPs were identified, which may produce functional gene variants. These, as well as 4 SNPs in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) were genotyped in all 500 macaques to determine if an association with behavior or monoamine metabolite levels could be identified. In contrast to humans, the macaque DAT gene does not show significant long range linkage disequilibrium, and the tandem repeat in the 3′ UTR does not vary in repeat number. Funding: National Institutes of Mental Health.


Patient attrition is a considerable problem in many health care settings. This study examined attrition among out-patients referred to a clinical psychologist. Forty per cent of all referrals dropped out and different factors were associated with dropping out at different times. Patients who engaged into treatment before dropping out had less initial pathology and made some improvement. Early drop-outs were characterized by lower social class and unemployment. These non-engagers were more likely to have been sent by referring agents who had relatively poorer contact with the psychologist. Further investigation of factors involved in the referral process might lead to practical ways of reducing the large amount of clinical time which is lost because of attrition.


This study investigated the automation of the building extraction using SPOT 6 satellite imagery. The proposed methodology uses variance textural information derived from 1.5m panchromatic image to detect built-up areas from non-built-up areas. Once detected, detailed segmentation is performed on built-up class to create individual building objects. Canny edges, SAVI and spectral properties of the objects were used to classify building structures from other land use features using a thresholding technique. The methodology was tested in different areas including formal, rural village and informal and new development settlement types without modifying segmentation and classification parameters. The proposed methodology successfully detected built-up from non built-up areas in all different settlement types. The detection of individual structures achieved more than 70% in formal, rural village and new development areas while less than 50% of building structures in informal settlement were detected. The proposed method can contribute towards monitoring of human settlement developments over a larger area which is vital during spatial planning, service delivery and environmental management. This work will contribute towards the development of a National Human Settlement Layer developed and maintained by SANSA.


Abstract This paper presents a number of formal examples of the bifurcation of individual flux surfaces by the pressure maxima imposed by the fields on either side. An approximate necessary and sufficient criterion for the convexity of the pressure maximum is provided, with application to fields with and without gaps in their flux surfaces. Gaps automatically produce tangential discontinuities in almost all cases, by permitting fields otherwise separated by finite distance to come in contact. Both Euclidean and non Euclidean flux surfaces are examined, showing that positive curvature fosters the formation of gaps while negative curvature opposes it. The special conditions for producing single or double gaps are pointed out. The general conditions for producing gaps are so mild as to indicate the special character of the familiar continuous solutions to the force-free equilibrium equations, in which the maxima and minima of the field pressure are so arranged as to provide flux surfaces without gaps.


This paper is concerned with the problem of state estimation of memristor neural networks with model uncertainties. Considering the model uncertainties are composed of time-varying delays, floating parameters and unknown functions, an improved method based on long short term memory neural networks (LSTMs) is used to deal with the model uncertainties. It is proved that the improved LSTMs can approximate any nonlinear model with any error. On this basis, adaptive updating laws of the weights of improved LSTMs are proposed by using Lyapunov method. Furthermore, for the problem of state estimation of memristor neural networks, a new full-order state observer is proposed to achieve the reconstruction of states based on the measurement output of the system. The error of state estimation is proved to be asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov method and linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme, especially when the memristor neural networks with model uncertainties.


Experiments simulating reactions between pyrrole, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) using a dynamic thermochemical process simulator were conducted to investigate the effect of organic-inorganic interactions on pyrrolic N compounds. The results showed that N-S atomic exchange occurred at 350°C with thiophene as the main product. Thermodynamic studies indicated the reaction of pyrrole with H2S could proceed spontaneously in most geologic settings (0‐200°C). Thermochemical conversion of pyrrole into thiophene was found to be catalyzed by Al2O3 but inhibited by an increased volume of water. These findings suggest that conventional models may not fully account for the geochemical processes that result in the abundance and distribution of pyrrolic N compounds in sediments and crude oils. The organic-inorganic interactions in sedimentary basins may also have direct effects on the fate and preservation of pyrrolic N compounds in subsurface reservoirs.


Serious games have an already well-known positive impact on students' motivation and their learning experience. In computer science education a majority of games and approaches exist, that provide engaging environments for students. On the one hand, these can be games related to learning algorithmic thinking but on the other hand, games to learn coding. Besides single-player games, there are also multiplayer games where players compete against each other or collaboratively work on programming tasks. However, many existing multiplayer games offer pre-defined levels where teachers have limited flexibility and individuality for their students. Additionally, many existing game environments use competitive over collaborative approaches. In our project, we extended an existing game by a multiplayer mode where players work together on coding tasks. The game elements support many coding-related concepts but also computational skills such as sequencing, conditionals, loops, and also advanced topics such as concurrency or dependencies using meaningful levels and tasks. However, we conducted an evaluation including 41 participants in three workshops: two in-class activities with secondary school students and an online activity with computer science students. Within these workshops, the students collaboratively worked on coding tasks within the game environment. Thereby, we observed the communication between the students while working on the tasks. Additionally, we evaluated the students' attitudes towards collaborative learning. We found out that the in-game chat is barely used while in-class activities, especially when the tasks require only low coordination between players. We also found out, that students learn from each other and are more motivated when working together. With our approach, we want to provide educators with a flexible game environment where students can collaboratively improve their coding skills while solving engaging tasks.


It is quite rare, but in the practice of a family doctor, a condition may occur when, after an upper respiratory tract infection, flu or tonsillitis, the patient develops petechial rashes, hemorrhages in the mucous membranes, articular syndrome develops and abdominal pain appears. The first elements of the rash appear symmetrically first on the lower extremities, and then spread throughout the body. Joint lesions are characterized by severe pain syndrome and swelling; changes usually affect large joints – knee and ankle, but sometimes smaller articular surfaces are affected. Hemorrhages in the intestinal wall and mesentery are the cause of abdominal pain, flatulence, bowel disorders; nausea and vomiting are possible, sometimes mixed with blood. All these signs are characteristic of hemorrhagic vasculitis, which is also called Henoch–Schonlein purpura, capillary toxicosis or allergic purpura. For the first time, a description of several cases of purpura associated with arthritis was given by a German doctor Johann Schonlein in 1937, and a few decades later this nosology was described in detail by Eduard Henoch in his scientific work. In this pathological condition, autoimmune damage to small arteries is observed, as a result of which they become fragile, their permeability increases, resulting in the development of microthrombosis and multiple small hemorrhages in the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. The disease most often occurs in children and adolescents, however, cases of diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis have been described in adults as well [7].


Current findings on the impact of air quality conditions on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are sparse and not conclusive.To investigate the relationship between air pollutants and RA disease activity scores on a short and a long time period using a multivariate time series model.Data on RA patients were extracted from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases (KRRD) from four major hospitals in Kuwait from January 2013 to December 2017. Data on air ambient pollutants (ozone O3, sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen dioxide NO2) were extracted from four Kuwait Environmental Public Authority (K-EPA) Air Monitoring Stations through Environmental Monitoring Information System of Kuwait (eMISK), corresponding to the patients residential areas from January 2013 till December 2020. A multivariate time series approach using Evidence from vector error correction model (VECM) was employed to investigate the effect of air ambient pollutants emissions on DAS28 over that period.A total of 1,809 RA patients and 10,215 hospital visits were included, 63% females, mean age 54 years, mean disease duration 9.2 years and 77% had rheumatoid factor positive. A significant correlation was found between DAS-28 and SO2, NO2 and O3 (p=0.012, 0.029, 0.039 respectively). According to the Granger causality test and VECM, emissions of NO2, and O3 had a positive short-term effect on DAS28 among RA patients. Impulse response test results showed that for some locations in Kuwait there is a short-term positive causal relationship between emissions of NO2 and DAS28, due to sources of pollution surrounding the locations. The results showed that the short run effect for NO2 with lags 1 to 4 days had a positive relationship with DAS-28 which means, there is 1% increase in DAS-28 for every 0.0182 increase in NO2 emission. Our results revealed that 36% of discrepancy between the overall relationship between DAS-28 and air pollution is corrected each year.Increased concentrations of air pollutants may increase the risk of RA activity. VECM time series model can be used as a tool to predict changes in disease activity based on air pollutants up to 8 days. We recommend that a regular broadcast is issued by health authorities to RA patients to help predict changes in disease activity. Warning about air pollution may be tailored according to the patient's residential area. Government should take serious decisions to help minimize air pollution in the residential areas.[1]Chang, K.-H., Hsu, C.-C., Muo, C.-H., Hsu, C. Y., Liu, H.-C., Kao, C.-H., Chen, C.- Y., Chang, M.-Y., and Hsu, Y.-C. (2016). Air pollution exposure increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal and nationwide study. Environment International, 94:495–499.[2]Alsaber, A., Pan, J., Al-Herz, A., Alkandary, D. S., Al-Hurban, A., Setiya, P., Group, K., et al. (2020). Influence of ambient air pollution on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score index. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2):416.[3]Adami, G., Viapiana, O., Rossini, M., Orsolini, G., Bertoldo, E., Giollo, A., ... & Fassio, A. (2021). Association between environmental air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis flares. Rheumatology.[4]Al-Herz, A., Al-Awadhi, A., Saleh, K., Al-Kandari, W., Hasan, E., Ghanem, A., Abutiban, F., Alenizi, A., Hussain, M., Ali, Y., et al. (2016). A comparison of rheumatoid arthritis patients in kuwait with other populations: results from the krrd registry. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, pages 1–11.[5]Al-Hurban, A., Khader, S., Alsaber, A., and Pan, J. (2021). Air quality assessment in the state of kuwait during 2012 to 2017. Atmosphere, 12(6):678.Figure 1.Long-term (2012-2020) trends of NO2 concentrations and DAS-28 calculated using the smooth trend method based on the mean measurements for four locations in KuwaitNone declared


The matter of vertical infection of SARS-CoV-2 is unresolved It can, however, be that small variations in the structural polyprotein of SARS-CoV-2 enables a tr


The heavy ion counter (HIC) on the Galileo spacecraft consists of two low-energy telescopes that were proof-test models of the telescopes used for the cosmic ray subsystem (CRS) on Voyager. The telescopes on HIC were improved to better withstand the intense radiation environment of the Jovian system and to measure higher-energy particles with greater sensitivity. The similarity of these two instruments makes it natural to compare the data in an effort to glean insight on the behavior of heavy ion fluxes at higher energies and how the inner Jovian magnetosphere has changed in the last 18 years. Inside L = 6, the oxygen spectrum suggests a spectral break at ∼ 7500 MeV/Gauss, corresponding to ions with gyroradii of ∼ 1.5 R_(Io) at L = 6. A comparison of the phase space densities show remarkable agreement between the two time periods outside of the Io orbit, with differential spectra consistent with γ ∼ −8 above ∼ 6 MeV/nucleon. Near Io Galileo observed a large density gradient not apparent in the Voyager data that may be due to local time asymmetries or a decrease in the radial diffusion rate.


Significant new evidence is presented for resonant-transfer-and-excitation (RTE) in ion-atom collisions. This process occurs when a target electron is captured simultaneously with the excitation of the projectile followed by deexcitation via photon emission. RTE, which is analogous to dielectronic recombination (DR), proceeds via the inverse of an Auger transition, and is expected to be resonant for projectile velocities corresponding to the energy of the ejected electron in the Auger process. RTE was investigated by measuring cross sections for projectile K x-ray emission coincident with single electron capture for 15 to 200 MeV /sub 16/S/sup 13 +/, 100 to 360 MeV /sub 20/Ca/sup 16 +/ /sup 17 +/ /sup 18 +/ and 180 to 460 MeV /sub 23/V/sup 19 +/ /sup 20 +/ /sup 21 +/ ions colliding with helium. Strong resonant behavior, in agreement with theoretical calculations of RTE, was observed in the coincidence cross sections.


In the successive editions of the recommendations published by the European committee for concrete (CEB) mathematical expressions are given for the evaluation of concrete creep. As these recommendations have been incorporated in the new standard nbn b15, this estimated value of concrete creep appeared worth studying. A comparative study was conducted between the experimental and estimated creep deformation values of 59 types of concrete. The absolute deformation was analyzed, more precisely the difference between the real and calculated values of this deformation, and also the value of the relative deformation at various ages in relation to the final creep. The time-related evolution in creep, which was proposed in the recommendations dated 1970 (kt coefficient) is acceptable. As regards the creep coefficient (phi) given in the 1975 proposals, it is less acceptable for it gives a less rapid variation in creep as a function of time. From a practical point of view, it seems preferable to keep the 1970 recommendations to evaluate creep deformation instead of adopting a formula more complex in use and which does not give a better time-related creep curve. (TRRL)


It is a practical problem that the intellectual property literacy is low in colleges and univercities,and it includes lacking of awareness,absence of of channels understanding,insufficient understanding of the violations and other issues.This requires colleges and universities effectively improve the quality of intellectual property rights from the publicity,management,funding,universal education,and other aspects,and strengthen the protection to their own rights and interests.


In the title compound, C14H16N2S2, the C atoms of the aromatic ring, the two cyanide groups and the two S atoms of the isopropylsulfanyl groups are almost coplanar [maximum deviation from the mean plane = 0.042 (7) Å]. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by aromatic π–π stacking occur, with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.7543 (8) Å.


This special issue of the highly respected Civil Engineering journal from the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers looks to study and learn from the catastrophes, collapses and failures that fascinate and horrify the civil engineering community.


When searching the nearest neighbor set,the traditional item-based collaborative filtering algorithm only takes into account the similarity between the items,which ignores the impact of the items categories similarity and the time factor on recommendation.Aiming at the above problems,an improved item-based collaborative filtering algorithm combining items categories similarity and dynamic time weight is proposed.In this algorithm,the items category similarity is introduced to improve the accuracy of the similarity between items,and two kinds of weighting functions are constructed to incorporate temporal information into the prediction algorithm so as to adapt to changes in both user and item characteristics over time.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently trace the drifting of users' interests and items' popularity and improve the accuracy of the prediction.


In 2020, the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) recommended that British consumers reduce their beef, lamb and dairy consumption by 20% for both environmental and health reasons. For a region like Northern Ireland, this presents a significant challenge. Northern Ireland, considered to be performing poorly local economy within the United Kingdom and Ireland, has an export-orientated agri-food sector with an extensive domestic supply chain. This study shows the likely trade-offs required for a small regional economy with a large, established cattle herd to sustainably transition from one agri-food system to another. In so doing, the study uses the most comprehensive agricultural data collections to rebalance Northern Irish input–output tables, to better account for the nature of NI intermediate consumption within an agri-food system. The results show that a large-scale transition from beef, lamb and dairy to fruit and vegetable production would create a more emission efficient agricultural sector. The worst economic effects could be offset within current NI policy parameters, although there would still likely be some economic costs.


This article aims to show through a reflection, the doctrinal and the legal landscape against the value and impact of judicial decisions in Colombia since the Constitution of 1863 (Rio Negro) until before the Constitution of 1991. This is a study description of the problem, a precondition for understanding what on this subject has been built by the Constitutional Court from Article 230 of the constitution. In addition, there is knowledge of what historically, politically and culturally has prevailed within the Colombian legal system in relation with the value of judicial decisions. It is not only an initial precept to understand the current state under the constitutional text and doctrinaire construction by the Constitutional Court from its beginnings, but serves to take a critical argument towards the convenience and inconvenience of taking a system that grants, from constitutional and statutory rules, judicial decisions from some high courts, which have binding effects comparable to those of the law itself, in times when it is said that a comprehensive and integral reform of the administration of justice in Colombia is pursued.


The preparation of nanoporous gold (NPG) has been the subject of extensive research, and the anodization of Au in chloride solutions has received recent attention as an efficient and time-saving method. In the present work, the effects of reaction temperature and Cl– concentration on the anodic formation of NPG structures were investigated. The anodization efficiency was evaluated in terms of the roughness factor (R f) of NPG layers, which varied as a function of these two reaction parameters. The R f of NPG gradually increased with temperature up to 40 °C and then leveled off at higher temperatures. In terms of Cl– concentration, 1.0 M yielded the maximum R f of the NPG. The dependence of the anodization efficiency on the two reaction parameters was examined with regard to the electrochemical dissolution of Au as well as the formation of Au–Cl complexes and protective surface oxide layers. The mechanistic aspects of the anodic formation of NPG give insight into the efficient preparation of highly porous NPG structures.


A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2019 which is laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments comprised of T 1: NK+ P as uncoated DAP, T 2: NK + P as FA coated DAP (5%), T 3 : NK + P as FA coated DAP (10%), T 4 : NK + P as FA coated DAP (15%), T 5 : NK + P as FA coated DAP (20%), T 6 NK + P as HA coated DAP (5%), T 7 : NK + P as HA coated DAP (10%), T 8 : NK + P as HA coated DAP (15%), T 9 : NK + P as HA coated DAP (20%), T 10 : Control. Urea and MOP were used as the source of Nitrogen and potassium respectively. The results from the field experiment revealed that the available P in the soil, the yield of Brinjal(CO2) and the economic returns are varying according to the change in coating concentration and type of organic acids,. There is no significant difference in anthocyanin content and Titrable acidity of Brinjal fruits but slight improvement is found in ascorbic acid content. Significantly higher yield was obtained in T 9 [NK + P as HA coated DAP (20%)] and lowest yield was recorded for T 10 , T 6 and T 1 . Humic acid coated treatments found better in yield and available soil P status compared to Fulvic acid coated treatments.


The paper eliminates the effects of capital input, labor input and scale profit and losses, looks as the symbol of technology advancement, analyzes the effects of technology advancement on rural enterprise output in China, and comes up with some proposals and tactics as to effect technology advancement, maintain the long-run development of rural enterprises in China.


The utility model relates to a household soilless culture box, which comprises a box body. The box body is divided by a baffle into at least two layers. One side of the bottom layer of the box body is provided with a seedling box, the other side of the bottom layer of the box body is provided with a liquid storage tank, and the seedling box and the liquid storage tank are separated by a baffle. The upper layer of the box body is a plant growth tank, and one side of the plant growth tank is provided with a control panel; and the plant growth tank comprises a first LED (light-emitting diode) plant growth lamp, a growing box, an oxygen supply pump and a first heating device. The seedling box comprises a sponge seedling bed, a second LED plant growth lamp and a second heating device; and the liquid storage tank comprises a liquid supply pump, a liquid supply tube and a third heating device. In addition, the box body also comprises a liquid return tube, and the bottom of the box body is also provided with a universal wheel. Therefore, the problems that seedling cannot be carried out easily under household soilless conditions, and the light, plant growth temperature and seed germination cannot be controlled easily can be solved, and conditions can be provided for plant growth.


Nickel-based solid lubrication coatings containing MoS2 coated with nickel were produced on the steel substrate with High Velocity Oxygen Fuel spraying. The lubricant was MoS2 coated with nickel, the base material of coating was Ni60. The influence of MoS2 on microstructures, mechanical and tribological properties of coating was studied. SEM was employed to analyze the morphologies of coatings. The effects of load on the friction and wear behaviors of coating were studied. The results show that the coating with MoS2 coated with nickel exhibited better self-lubrication performance despite mechanical properties weakened. The friction coefficient of Ni60/ MoS2 coating was independent on the load. With the increase of the load, the wear resistance lowered. The main wear mechanism of Ni60 coating was adhesive and fatigue wear. Ni60/MoS2 coating reduced the adhesive wear due to existence of MoS2.


Abstract : The report summarizes and analyzes techniques, both active and passive that could be used to detect and measure air movements associated with wingtip vortex generation within an area or throughout a volume of terminal airspace. Results of preliminary feasibility tests employing available technology are presented. The report also discusses system studies devoted to the wake vortex sensing problem. The major effort is directed toward the location of wake vortex hazard, and the generation of monitoring requirements for safe operation in the airport terminal environment.


This thesis reports a study of the internationalisation processes of 16 industrial SMEs located in the county of Jonkoping (Sweden). More specifically, it identifies changes in international strate ...


In consideration of the unprecedented biological potentials of the privileged nucleus of 1,5-benzodiazepines, s-triazines, pyrazoles, isoxazoles, azacarbazoles, an efficient protocol to the synthesis of (2,3b)-pyrazolo (isoxazolo) fused azacarbazoles, incorporated on its 5position with 1,5-benzodiazepine nucleus and on its 7-position with 4,6-biscyclopropylamino-2-triazinyl amine of medicinal interest has been described.


The article is an attempt to analyze and examine the profitability performance of two selected private banks in India; HDFC bank and ICICI bank. The article also aims to draw a comparison between the profitability performances of these two banks in order to come up with clear understanding of new banking strategies. Mathematical and statistical tools and techniques such as Ratio, Trends, Simple & multiple correlations are used to analyze data. The most appropriate Parametric and Non parametric test are employed and the analysis of data is presented through different graphs and tables. The findings reveal that HDFC Bank is generating more profitability than ICICI bank.


Abstract Extracts and fractions using six solvents of increasing polarities from Northwest Algeria (Tamarix africana, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Suaeda fruticosa) were studied for phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties. Methanol and water fractions were found to be the more suitable solvents used for extraction of polyphenolic compounds. Aqueous leaf fraction of T. africana showed the highest content of phenolics (61.06 ± 0.40 mg GAE/g DW) and condensed tannins (118.43 ± 11.79 mg CE/g DW). Dichloromethane stem fraction of T. africana had the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging ability (0.34 ± 0.00 mg/ml). Methanol leaf fraction of the same plant exhibited the highest antioxidant power against the inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, while the maximum total antioxidant capacity was recorded in the leaf extract of S. fruticosa. Phenolic content was not influenced by the species but very affected by the extraction solvent, while antioxidant activities were not influenced by these two parameters. High-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector analysis of methanol and aqueous leaf fractions of T. africana revealed the presence of six phenolic acids; chlorogenic and gallic acids were predominant and 10 flavonoid compounds among which rutin and quercetin-3-O-arabonoside were the major constituents. These findings suggest that these species may be considered as an interesting source of antioxidants. Graphical Abstract


In this paper, the study of millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer over the world is overviewed in detail. The recent achievements obtained in 60 GHz frequency synthesizer development are reported. Some kinds of 60 GHz frequency synthesizer schemes are analyzed mainly on its advantages and drawbacks. The suggestions to develop millimeter synthesizer are also given in the paper


Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) is a rare multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the VPS33B gene, which in turn lead to a premature truncation of the gene product. This autosomal recessive disease has variations in phenotype. We report an infant girl who had severe presentation in the form of dysmorphic features, abnormal hearing assessment and refractory electrolytes disturbances. She was a product of consanguineous marriage with family history of similar presentation. The child passed away at age of 6 months due to aspiration pneumonia.


The paper introduced the properties of new polyester conjugated fiber PTT/PET and its application in wool fabrics.The properties of wool-like fabrics by the PTT/PET conjugated fiber were also illustrated in this thesis.Moreover, the clothing properties were tested and compared with those of common wool-like fabric and pure wool fabric.The results showed that the PTT/PET conjugated fiber wool-like fabrics was similar to pure wool fabric in the softness,and had better properties of elastic recovery and wrinkle recovery.It gave out that using PTT/PET conjugated filament to design new product can meet the development trends of wool-like fabrics and the requirements of consumers.


The influence of different seed's thousand-grain weight of soybean and maize on the germination percentage,the percentage of seedling emergence,the speed of seedling emergence and the percentage of seedling was studied.The results are that the higher the thousand-grain weight is,the higher the germination percentage,the percentage of seedling emergence and the percentage of seedling are,the quicker the speed of seedling emergence is and the better the seedling quality is.In addition,there is close correlation between the germination percentage and the percentage of seedling emergence,between the germination percentage and the percentage of seedling and between the percentage of seedling emergence and the percentage of seedling.


Plea bargaining is a widely used system in American criminal lawsuit,but whether it have suitable foundation in our country is worthy pondering.Before making a decision on transplanting it,we must consider such issues as whether there exists the intrinsic reason of plea bargaining in our country's criminal procedure,whether plea bargaining can truly achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of lawsuit,whether plea bargaining system brings negative effect to investigation organs,etc.These were factors that can influence the success of the plea bargaining transplant.


We study the existence of normalized solutions to the following logarithmic Schr\"{o}dinger equation \begin{equation*}\label{eqs01} -\Delta u+\lambda u=\alpha u\log u^2+\mu|u|^{p-2}u, \ \ x\in\R^N, \end{equation*} under the mass constraint \[ \int_{\R^N}u^2\mathrm{d}x=c^2, \] where $\alpha,\mu\in \R$, $N\ge 2$, $p>2$, $c>0$ is a constant, and $\lambda\!\in\!\R$ appears as Lagrange multiplier. Under different assumptions on $\alpha,\mu,p$ and $c$, we prove the existence of ground state solution and excited state solution. The asymptotic behavior of the ground state solution as $\mu\to 0$ is also investigated. Our results including the case $\alpha<0$ or $\mu<0$, which is less studied in the literature.


Realization of high power conversion system utilizing parallel connected power converters rated at much smaller power levels due to limitations in switching device voltage and current ratings would be highly desirable. Therefore, modular configured converters are imminent in high power industrial applications due to their numerous benefits over singular high capacity converter or inverter. They can be realized with reduced component stress by sharing the currents, ease of maintenance, modularity facilitating plug and play, higher reliability, and (N+1) redundancy. This papers presents a family of parallel connected Z-source inverters (ZSIs). This new class retains all the existing features of ZSIs with the added benefits of parallel connected inverters. Moreover, higher voltage gains and reduced ripples via interleaving are achieved with parallel configurations. A couple of parallel connected ZSIs are discussed in detail with theoretical analysis accompanied with simulation results for the verification purposes.


The utility model discloses an air outlet component which comprises a bottom support, a shell and a first driving device, wherein a through hole is arranged on the bottom support, a first air inlet and a first air outlet are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface, the lower end of the shell is installed on the bottom support and rotates around an axis of rotation, and the first driving device is used for driving the shell to rotate back and forth around the axis of rotation. The air outlet component provided by the utility model can rotate back and forth around the axis of rotation within a horizontal angle range and sequentially drive the air outlet to rotate, so that wide-angle air supply is realized and the comfortableness of the air conditioner is improved. Meanwhile, the utility model also discloses an air conditioner with the air outlet component.


Probability and conditions for ignition of surface litter (pine needles) caused by firebrands is studied in the laboratory conditions. For modeling of firebrands, pine bark of various sizes 10×10, 15×15, 20×20, 25×25, 30×30 mm2 and 5 mm in thickness is used. The experiment was conducted in the absence of wind and at different wind velocities: 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 m/s. To conduct investigations, an experimental setup was constructed for generation of firebrands and their impact on surface litter. The results of experiments have shown that the increase in air velocity leads to the increase in probability of surface litter ignition. Thus, wind plays a role of catalyst in the ignition process, bringing an oxidizing agent to firebrands and supporting the process of smoldering. However, if the wind velocity is insufficient for ignition, then there is only the process of smoldering. The area of "uncertainty", where there is smoldering of surface litter without transition to ignition, is found to decrease with increas...


Many of the problems that have occurred in solar systems show the need for careful maintenance. Experience with a large variety of solar systems, especially those in the HUD Solar Residential Demonstration Program, has shown that regular inspection and maintenance can often help in avoiding many of the serious problems or in decreasing the damage and loss resulting from them. In this paper are discussed questions relating to maintenance of solar systems and the types of problems that can be prevented or alleviated by proper maintenance, as well as what needs to be done for maintenance in different kinds of solar systems, including liquid-based and air-based systems and both active and passive solar systems.


The development of mobile wireless technologies hasgenerated a considerable amount of excitement amongpractitioners and academics because it results in shifting theacademic environment from traditional settings to mobilelearning (m-learning) settings. Increasing numbers ofinstitutions of higher education offer courses using mobilewireless technologies as alternative teaching and learningtools. However, regardless of such interests in mobilewireless technologies in higher education, there is lack ofacademic research on the use of mobile wireless technologiesin the higher education setting. The purpose of this article isto examine current information on mobile wireless technolo-gies and answer three crucial questions such as (a) Whattypes of mobile wireless technologies are currently beingused in higher education? (b) How do mobile wirelesstechnologies access to network resources? (c) What are thebenefits of mobile wireless technologies in higher education?Without understanding of these issues, it is virtuallyimpossible to study any subject of mobile wireless technolo-gies in higher education.


We studied 29 children admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital (BCH) with acute flaccid paralysis between June 1991 and June 1993. Twenty-seven patients had Guillain-Barré syndrome-7 with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and 20 with acute motor axonal neuropathy(AMAN). Two had poliomyelitis. The most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis at BCH is the AMAN pattern of GBS.


Results obtained from several experiments with liquid crystal cells indicate that a light scattering transient which has been attributed to molecular alignment effects in the nematic liquid crystal material may actually be caused by dynamic scattering.


Calluses of five alfalfa varieties were subjected to drought stress, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the stress reagent. For the calluses, three indicators of drought resistance were assessed, including peroxtdase (POD) activity, proline content and relative ceil membrane permeability. The in-dicators all showed the same result, and the varieties from greatest to least drought resistant indicated were Longmu 803, Caoyuan No.2, Zhongmu No. 1, Longmu 801, and Zhunger. At the same time, it was proven that POD activity, dissociated proline content and relative cell membrane permeability can all be used as physiological indices of alfalfa drought resistance.


A transient grating laser ultrasonic method known as real‐time impulsive stimulated thermal scattering is used to excite and monitor Lamb acoustic waveguide modes in free‐standing thin polyimide films which are known to have transverse isotropic symmetry. The dispersion of these Lamb modes is used to accurately evaluate both the in and out‐of‐plane elastic moduli.


Dairy products are generally complex food products owing to the nature and microbiological factors from primary processing to secondary production of milk and or milk products.


Much of contemporary criticism of Ibsen plays has examined one of two concerns: Ibsen and Feminism, or Ibsen as a realist and a pioneer of modern theatre and drama. Articles on the first matter are often critical of universalizing readings of Ibsen that would have the dramatist concerned with the ills of humanity; articles on the latter theme tend to rejoice Ibsen's assumed anti-theatrical overcoming of melodrama. Both topics can be found in his masterpiece The Wild Duck which is more honoured and received well in the study more than the other plays. Like Hamlet, The Wild Duck can be interpreted by each one in his own image; one day it will be read as a tragedy or tragicomedy, the next as the harshest irony; parts of it are clumsy, in other parts are embedded old controversies of that time. So searching yet so delicate is the touch, that these flaws and notions seem in themselves to strengthen the play. In this work, Ibsen perfected his own special power to infuse the particular, dull, limited fact with a halo and a glory. This paper is an attempt to examine the tension between illusion and reality in the play.


objective To probe into the effect of different obstetrical position on the second stage of labor. Methods 320 cases of full term primipara were randomly selected in which 160 cases (the study group) semireclining position and another 160 cases ( the control group) reclining position. Results The second stage of labor in primipara of the study group was remarkably shorter than that in the control group (P0.01). Conclusion Semireclining position delivery can accord with birth canal physiology. This position may keep consistent between the axle of birth canal and axle of fetus. And it is of benefit to the fetal head lowering down to the pelvis.


Objective:To observe the changes of VEGF expression in mice myocardium under three different load conditions.And further to expound the rules that the regeneration blood vessel ability influenced by the different loads.Methods:As experimental objects,30 Kunming male mice that each one weight(34 ± 1.87)g with feeding by the state standards of rodents feeding and free eating influent were divided into 3 groups randomly after a week feeding adaptability,that was,the control group、the 120 minutes group、the 120 minutes + burdened group.Upon completion of the training,the heart was removed.They were fixed by H.E.and stained immunochemically after embedding.The change in the body weight and VEGF expression were observed.IMAGE PRO PLUS 5.1 image analysis software was used to measure area ratio.Results:120 minutes + burdened group of three groups with the reorganization of the training time could not be extended gradually to the smooth completion of tasks.They had shown exhaustion after training.And the other two groups of mice activities in the state had been better.Three groups of mice in eight weeks of training time drank water and ate better.Their weight had been showing an upward trend.The control group displayed for the negative VEGF expression.The 120 minutes group displayed weakly positive expression.Analysis of the positive area ratio(positive area / field area),120 min and 120min + negative re-group with the aim of keeping the control group were significantly different,120 min and 120 min + group there was a marked reorganization of the negative difference.Conclusions:Certain movement can secrete VEGF.In the appropriate time,with campaign greater,the intensity of VEGF express stronger.And it is not likely to cause serious cardiac injury.Training of athletes at the daily exercise of general population must achieve remarkable results with maintaining a certain degree of effective time.


The radial and latitudinal gradients measured by the Pioneer 10 and Voyager 1 and 2
spacecraft, reported by Cummings and Stone (1990), provide a unique opportunity to
calculate the cosmic ray perpendicular diffusion coefficient and drift velocity.


Although deep-learning-based solutions are pervading different application sectors, many doubts have arisen about their reliability and, above all, their security against threats that can mislead their decision mechanisms. In this work, we considered a particular kind of deep neural network, the Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (N-ODE) networks, which have shown intrinsic robustness against adversarial samples by properly tuning their tolerance parameter at test time. Their behaviour has never been investigated in image forensics tasks such as distinguishing between an original and an altered image. Following this direction, we demonstrate how tuning the tolerance parameter during the prediction phase can control and increase N-ODE's robustness versus adversarial attacks. We performed experiments on basic image transformations used to generate tampered data, providing encouraging results in terms of adversarial rejection and preservation of the correct classification of pristine images.


Introduction The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA, 1992) estimated that the average loss due to quality "defects" in beef carcasses was $279.82 per head for every steer and heifer slaughtered in 1991. This amounts to a loss in value of about 25%, or nearly $3 billion for the U.S. beef industry. The sheer size of this number was enough to generate considerable interest in the quality characteristics of beef and its by-products among industry members. The fact that the study was sponsored by the National Cattlemen's Association (NCA) only lent to its credibility. For many producers, the NBQA seems to provide the panacea they have traditionally sought —a single answer that solves the multifaceted problems they face. There is evidence that some producers (and researchers) may be changing their priorities in an effort to remedy beef quality defects and thereby capture the perceived economic benefit. It is this reaction that prompts the greatest concern regarding the NBQA results. If the NBQA results are misinterpreted or lead to overreaction, producers could be diverting their attention from other characteristics and production considerations that may be equally or more (economically) important. As a result, they may be undertaking changes that are detrimental to their own operations and the beef industry at large. In this paper we attempt to bring some balance to the debate as it specifically applies to beef cattle breeders (including both seed-stock and commercial producers) and the economically important characteristics of beef. For this purpose we have organized this paper into four basic sections: (1) a review of the principles of multi-trait selection; (2) an empirical example or application that includes estimates of the relative profit maximizing weights that should be devoted to different characteristics by either an industry (all-encompassing) representative firm, or a commercial cow-calf producer marketing weaned calves in a manner typical of the currently prevailing industry structure; (3) comparison of these results to those obtained in the NBQA; and (4) an overall summary. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the broader implications of this study for future directions in the beef industry.


ThecurrentworkdescribestheuseofmultidimensionalEuclideangeometricdistance(EGD)andBayesian methods to characterize and classify the sky and cloud patterns present in image pixels. From specific images and using visualization tools, it was noticed that sky and cloud patterns occupy a typical locus on the red‐ green‐blue (RGB) color space. These two patterns were linearly distributed parallel to the RGB cube's main diagonal at distinct distances. A characterization of the cloud and sky patterns EGD was done by supervision to eliminate errors due to outlier patterns in the analysis. The exploratory data analysis of EGD for sky and cloud patterns showed a Gaussian distribution, allowing generalizations based on the central limit theorem. Anintensityscaleofbrightness isproposedfromtheEuclideangeometricprojection(EGP)ontheRGBcube's main diagonal. An EGD-based classification method was adapted to be properly compared with existing ones foundinrelatedliterature,becausetheyrestricttheexaminedcolor-spacedomain.Eliminationofthislimitation was considered a sufficient criterion for a classification system that has resource restrictions. The EGD-adapted results showed a correlation of 97.9% for clouds and 98.4% for sky when compared to established classification methods. It was also observed that EGD was able to classify cloud and sky patterns invariant to their brightness attributes and with reduced variability because of the sun zenith angle changes. In addition, it was observed that Miescatteringcould be noticedand eliminated (togetherwiththereflector'sdust) asanoutlierduringtheanalysis. Although Mie scattering could be classified with additional analysis, this is left as a suggestion for future work.


Objective : Intracranial internal carotid artery (cid:10) IICA (cid:11) dissection manifesting as an ischemic stroke is a rare phenomenon, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been established. We report (cid:21) cases, each treated successfully with stent placement. Methods : The data of (cid:21) consecutive patients with IICA dissection treated with stent placement were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The indications for stent placement were impending extensive infarct (cid:10) n = (cid:20)(cid:11) and recurrent ischemic attack during antithrombotic treatment (cid:10) n = (cid:19)(cid:11) . All dissections were treated with balloon expandable coronary stents. In all (cid:21) cases, dissection - related vessel abnormalities were resolved after stent placement. No recurrent strokes were observed during the follow - up period mean, months . All cases had excellent or good clinical outcomes at the end of the follow - up. Follow - up angiography showed healing of dissection segments in all patients, without any restenoses. Case (cid:19) was a (cid:20)(cid:26) - year - old male patient who presented with progressive hemiparesis on the left side after a sudden headache. A magnetic resonance imaging (cid:10) MRI (cid:11) diff usion - weighted image (cid:10) DWI (cid:11) showed infarcts in the territory of the right ICA; angiography showed high - grade stenosis and a double lumen in the right supraclinoid ICA. A balloon - expandable coronary stent was placed (cid:22) hours after the onset of symptoms; the stenosis was completely resolved after stenting. Follow - up angiography performed (cid:22)(cid:26) months later showed complete healing of the dissection. The patient had persistent but mild left arm monoparesis. Case (cid:20) was a (cid:20)(cid:27) - year old female patient who presented with hemiparesis on the left side after a seizure. MRI (cid:15) DWI showed infarcts in the right basal ganglia. Angiography showed a 'pearl and string' sign in the right supraclinoid ICA. Anticoagulant therapy was initiated, and her symptoms resolved. The hemiparesis on the left side recurred; however, (cid:22) days after the initial onset, her DWI revealed a new infarct. Stent placement was performed. Angiography obtained (cid:22)(cid:22) months later showed complete healing of the dissection. The patient's residual symptoms at the conclusion of follow - up were limited to mild monoparesis of the left arm. Case (cid:21) was a (cid:19)(cid:25) - year - old male patient who presented with severe right hemiplegia and total aphasia after a sudden headache. MRI revealed a diff usion - perfusion a complete stenosis Follow up residual numbness


Noninvasive assessment of tumor grading and prediction of patient outcome were among the first applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology ([1][1]). Since then, the relationship between tumor glycolytic activity, as measured by the metabolism of the glucose analogue


This paper gives a description of fertility influence on education level of population and its well-being. We carry out the consideration by a demographic model keeping age structure. We suppose that (i) a part of GDP ia used for investment in education, (ii) the production level depends on the education level, and (iii) the pollution ia directly prportional to the size of population. We are carrying on research on the dependence of average consumption on demographic structure of the population for an industrialised economy. in the model each age group of population has different skilled level determined by education and different level of potential labour productivity. The education level is complitly determined by education expenditures. We have found the relation between the value of average consumption of population and the children adults ratio, share of education expenditures in GDP. We have found that yhe quality of life can be improved by descrease of the population size not only ecologically but also economically.


Transmitting-accepting teaching model emphasizes the value of existing knowledge.However,SSR mode pursuing to cultivate the learner 's independence,creativity and leadership.As normal college students' common learning,educational psychology is in dire need of turning the direction of rotation.This article explores ways of teaching model reforming.


The multi‐stage intrusions of intermediate‐acid magma occur in the Bangpu mining district, the petrogenic ages of which have been identified. The times and sequences of their emplacement have been collated and stipulated in detail in this paper by using the laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U‐Pb dating method. The ages of biotite monzogranite that were formed before mineralization in the southwest of this mining district are 70±1 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) = 9.5, n= 8) and 60.60±0.31 Ma (MSWD=3.8, n= 16), which belong to the late Cretaceous–early Paleocene in age. That means, they are products of an early tectonic‐magmatic event of the collision between the Indian and Asian continentals. The ages of ore‐bearing monzogranite porphyry and ore‐bearing diorite porphyrite are 16.23±0.19 Ma (MSWD= 2.0, n= 26) and 15.16±0.09 Ma (MSWD=3.9, n= 5) separately, which belong to the middle Miocene in age; namely, they are products of the Gangdese post‐collision extensional stage when crust‐mantle materials melted and mixed as well as magmatic intrusion simultaneously occurred. Some zircons with ages of 203.6±2.2 Ma (MSWD=1.18, n= 7) were captured in the ore‐bearing diorite porphyrite, which shows that there had been tectono‐magmatic events in the late Triassic–early Jurassic. Molybdenum (copper) ore‐bodies produced in the monzogranite porphyry and copper (molybdenum) ore‐bodies produced in the diorite porphyrite are the main ore types in this ore deposit. The model ages of Re‐Os isotopic dating for the 11 molybdenite are 13.97–15.84 Ma, while isochron ages are 14.09±0.49 Ma (MSWD=26). The isochron ages of seven molybdenite from molybdenum (copper) ore with monzogranite porphyry type are 14.11±0.31 Ma (MSWD=5.2). There is great error in the isochron ages of four molybdenite from copper (molybdenum) ore with diorite porphyrite type, and their weighted average model ages of 14.6±1.2 Ma (MSWD=41), which generally represent the mineralization age. The results about the Re‐Os isotopic dating of molybdenite in the ore of different types have limited exactly that, the minerlazation age of this ore deposits is about 14.09 Ma, which belongs to the middle Miocene mineralization. The Bangpu deposit has a uniform metallogenic dynamics background with the porphyry type and skarn‐type deposits such as Jiama, Qulong and others.


Cloud infrastructures for modelling activities such as data processing, performing environmental simulations, or conducting model calibrations/optimizations provide a cost effective alternative to traditional high performance computing approaches. Cloud-based modelling examples emerged into the more formal notion: "Model-as-a-Service" (MaaS). This paper presents the Cloud Services Innovation Platform (CSIP) as a software framework offering MaaS. It describes both the internal CSIP infrastructure and software architecture that manages cloud resources for typical modelling tasks, and the use of CSIP's "ModelServices API" for a modelling application. CSIP's architecture supports fast and resource aware auto-scaling of computational resources. An example model service is presented: the USDA hydrograph model EFH2 used in the desktop-based "engineering field tools" is deployed as a CSIP service. This and other MaaS CSIP examples benefit from the use of cloud resources to enable straightforward scalable model deployment into cloud environments.


The medicinal herbs, a valuable source of biologically active compounds, have been used in folk medicine for various diseases, but phytochemical exploration is still incomplete. This study presents the extractive technological processes and spectrophotometric characterization of threeindigenous plants in order to obtain anantifungal formula with applications inhorticulture.Therefore, it was evaluated the antioxidant activity, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) and the correlation between them for individual extracts obtained by two different methods: Soxhlet (S) and percolation (P).The obtained data showed a significant difference both between the plant material used, as well as the extraction method applied. Most of the extracts prepared by Soxhlet method had higher antioxidant properties and phenolic contents than the ones obtained by percolation. Based on the results, were elaborated five association formulas, of which Rosmarinus officinalisL. combination 1:1 (S: P) showed the best results:TPC 236.38 mg GAE / g DW, TFC 247.11 mg rutin / g DW, EC50 0.030 mg/mL.


In the past, CATV optical cable networks were costliness due to the price of optical equipment, the designer design optical receiver point little. As time goes on,the transmission quality of the originai coax cable doesn't accord with the request of the network. In order to improve quality of transmitting, the only method is increasing the optical receiver point. To this question, we propose that base on the premise that do not only increase the optical transmitter , add lustre to the optical receiver point newly. Especially realized several years ago that the broadcast television "open in every village" registered one's residence in the project in all parts, In a situation that economy is tense , it is even more a optimum seeking scheme.


Micro and mini manufacturing is becoming more important than before. Among micro and mini manufacturing processes, micro forming has economical and ecological benefits due to high production rate, low material scrap rate, net shape production, and improved mechanical properties through work hardening. Even though macro scale metal forming is well understood and has been extensively studied, these concepts cannot be applied directly to the micro scale metal forming [. In this paper, a conical mini-part was precisely evaluated from finite element (FE) simulation. The final geometry of the conical mini-part is affected by forming parameters of the deep drawing process (blankholder force, friction coefficient, speed of the deformation tools) and by the tool geometry. In order to reduce the geometry deviation, all the parameters must be studies separately to quantify their influence on the final mini-part geometry. This paper presents a study concerning the optimization of the forming process in order minimize the geometry deviation of the final parts. The main objective is to understand the factors that have the highest influence on the forming process of conical mini-parts and to modify them in such way that the resulted part is according to the designer specifications. The material used in this analysis is copper - zinc alloy with anisotropic properties. After the forming process of conical mini-parts is over and the part is removed from the forming tools, the geometry of the part is analysed and compared with the ideal shape. Due to cumulated effect of springback and other phenomena that affect the conical mini-part is not having the desired accuracy from the dimensional deviation point of view [2,. There are multiple factors that affect the mini-part geometry during forming process as: blankholder force, punch rounding radius, and side wall angle. The Dynaform 5.9.1 software was used to simulate the forming process. During optimisation process 27 simulations have been done. The part obtained after each simulation is analyzed and measured to quantify the deviation from the ideal part geometry. The presented optimization method is a good method to reduce the dimensional deviations. The advantages of this method are the reduced number of simulations tests that must be done and precision of the obtained results.


Background: There are about 160 000 persons suffering from dementia in Sweden. About 80 % of all patients with dementia have sometimes behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The ...


Fully developed incompressible sticky turbulent flow in a conical diffuser having a total divergence of 8° and an area ratio of 4 has been simulated by a k-e model for near-wall and low-Re-number and its Boundary-Fit curvilinear Coordinate Transformation method.The research has been done under different numerical entering boundary conditions.The influence of the different numerical entering boundary conditions on computational results has been gotten by comparing with experimental date.The parameter distributions of the whole flow area have been given respectively.


For decades linguists have been interested in doing research on English vocabulary and vocabulary teaching. In the article Learning Vocabulary through Games published in the Asian EFL Journal, Huyen and Nga investigate the benefits of using games for their students' vocabulary learning. They argue that games are helpful for students to enrich their English vocabulary acquisition. As of May 2021, the article has been quite influential and cited for 381 times by scholars and students around the world. This paper presents a critical review of the aforementioned article. The discussion is mainly centred on the relation between the research and communicative language teaching, strengths and weaknesses of the research, and reflection of the research findings on the authors' learning and teaching experience.


The signal processing of the grating encoder has a great impact on its accuracy and resolution. We proposed a new type of signal processing method for a grating encoder using a two-phase differential algorithm based on the two-phase physical structure. The interference signal could be divided into two phases with 90 degrees phase delay, capable of effectively reducing the number of optical devices and the space occupied by the reading head. Owing to the rapid elimination of the DC component in the measurement signal, the measurement displacement was solved swiftly by the two-phase signal using the algorithm. In the experiment, a 660 nm laser and a 1 µm-period grating were used, and the scale grating was actuated at a speed of 1 µm/s by a linear stage. With a sampling rate of 20 kHz, the system resolution of the grating encoder was enabled to reach 50 pm. Simultaneously, there was a measurement error of ±1 µm at a stroke of 4 mm, and the error within a single cycle was 2 nm. Compared with the four-phase algorithm, our proposed two-phase differential algorithm exhibits a compact physical structure and fast solution without reducing the accuracy and resolution, which will be of great significance to the real-time measurement and miniaturization of grating encoders.


Outlier is referred as an event that differs too much from other events. The detection of outlier can yield to the identification of meaningful and useful patterns. Nowadays, there are many applications are generating streaming data, i.e. a sequence of data that are continuously arriving at a faster rate. Examples include online transactions in finance, telecommunications, medical system, etc. Outlier detection algorithms are essential to identify the unnecessary or abnormal behavior in the dataset. Research about outlier detection has been extensively studied in the past few decades. However, most of the existing research focused on thealgorithm based on specific knowledge, compared with outlierdetection methodology is still rare. In Anti Money Laundering (AML), anomaly detection is the mandatory process to identify the suspicious activities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the outlier detection algorithms in various domains. This survey provides the most frequently used outlier detection algorithmswith their performance measures.