For a graph G = (V, E), a subset D of V is a total dominating set of G if every vertex in V has to be adjacent to a vertex of D. Vertex subset D is a disjunctive total dominating set if every vertex of V is adjacent to a vertex of D or has at least two vertices in D at distance 2 from it. The disjunctive total domination problem on G is to find a disjunctive total dominating set D of the minimum cardinality. The cardinality of a minimum disjunctive total dominating set of G is called the disjunctive total domination number of G. In this paper, we study the disjunctive total domination problem on grid graphs. We propose upper bounds for general grid graphs. In particular, some bounds are optimal for some special cases.


Amla, Emblica officinalis fruits are widely consumed fruit for their health benefits however the fruits are not very popular because of its fragile structure and low stability in storage. It is usually processed into juice or dry powder which is then stored and consumed. Hence in this study another possibility was to use fermented fruit. Previously there have been studies where they have shown that consumption of alcoholic fermented beverages (such as wine) could protect from cardiovascular disease. This cardio protective effect can be achieved by moderate consumption as consequence of their content of phytochemicals present in them. Since the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals is enhanced during fermentation it could be assumed that fermented alcoholic fruits have higher antioxidant activity than raw fruits. However there are few reports that have studied the antioxidant activity of fermented amla and also compared them with various processed products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phytochemicals constituents of Embilica officinalis fruits products which were commercially available and also ferment the fruits and estimate their antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity and to compare their contents before and after fermentation. Antioxidant activity of Amla commercial products and fermented samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical-scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging and total antioxidant activity methods. The best value in all antioxidants by DPPH method with IC50 value of 4.4μg/ml was observed in Amla capsule from Himalaya herbals company. In fermented samples the fermented juice after 21st day showed good Total antioxidant capacity of 171μg/ml. The phytochemical profile of the fermented samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two major flavonols (Myristin and rutin) and three phenolics were identified. Our results indicate that among the commercially available products capsules has good antioxidant potential when compared to other products and that after fermentation of amla the fruits has enhanced antioxidant activity and also there was augmentation of phytochemicals hence fermented amla could also be used as a products with health benefit.


A multiblock model is developed for the study of the phase behavior of gradient copolymers. The model is able to describe gradient copolymer chains with arbitrary composition profiles. The validity of the multiblock model of gradient copolymers is established by good agreement between RPA (random phase approximation) results for a continuous composition distribution and a multiblock model. The phase behavior of gradient copolymers is examined using self-consistent mean-field theory (SCMFT) for multiblock copolymers. Phase diagrams of gradient copolymer melts with different gradient profiles are constructed by solving the SCMFT equations. It is discovered that the phase behavior depends sensitively on the gradient profiles. In particular, new triple points are observed, and the stability region of phases with curved interfaces shrinks as the gradient profile becomes smooth. For linear gradient copolymers, the lamellar phase is predicted to be the only stable ordered phase.


This paper suggests a method for determining an optimal hashing design for answering a partial-match query. Solution methods are suggested for the knapsack-type model, derived under the assumption that the attributes in a query are specified independently. It is further shown that the same nonlinear knapsack-type model holds even when the independence assumption is relaxed. INFORMS Journal on Computing, ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.


CERN has designed and prepared new facilities for the surface treatment and niobium sputter coating of the HIEISOLDE superconducting cavities. We describe here the design choices, as well as the results of the first surface treatments and test coatings.


International interest in development of treat-to-target (T2T) in both childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) is increasing. T2T could facilitate more effective and structured use of treatments, aggressively controlling disease activity, preventing organ damage, and improving health-related quality of life. The first step is the selection of an appropriate target. Remission is deemed the ultimate target, but may not be attainable by all. Low disease activity (LDA), based on the principle of "tolerable" disease activity on stable treatment, with low corticosteroid dosage, may be more appropriate for some patients. The aim of this study was to derive a consensus-based cSLE appropriate definition of LDA, building upon existing aSLE definitions to improve applicability to cSLE, whilst maintaining sufficient unity to ensure that future T2T studies including adolescents and adults together are possible.

 The International cSLE T2T Task Force, including 18 specialists from paediatric rheumatology/nephrology, and adult rheumatology undertook a series of Delphi surveys, exploring views on aSLE LDA targets. Two virtual consensus meetings were held, utilising a modified nominal group technique to debate, modify, and vote upon topics underpinning the cSLE LDA target and its criteria. Agreement of > 80% was considered consensus.

 The task force agreed that the LDA target should encompass cSLE as a whole and be based upon the aSLE Lupus Low Disease Activity State definition (LLDAS), with modifications to make it more applicable to cSLE (cLLDAS, all 100% agreement). A conceptual definition of cLLDAS was defined: 'A state, which if sustained, is associated with a low likelihood of adverse outcome (considering disease activity, damage, and medication toxicity)' (100% agreement). Five cLLDAS criteria were agreed, as detailed within Table 1. The final cLLDAS definition was endorsed by the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) Executive Council and PReS cSLE Working Party Chair, on behalf of the Society.

 A cSLE, age-appropriate definition of cLLDAS has been generated, preserving sufficient unity with the aSLE LLDAS definition to encourage life-course research. The development and validation of targets has been a key enabler for T2T trials, therefore this initiative represents a significant step forward for cSLE.
 Disclosure
 E.M.D. Smith: None. A. Aggarwal: None. J. Ainsworth: None. E. Al-Abadi: None. T. Avcin: None. L. Bortey: None. J. Burnham: None. C. Ciurtin: None. C.M. Hedrich: None. S. Kamphuis: None. D. Levy: None. L. Lewandowski: None. N. Maxwell: None. E. Morand: None. S. Ozen: None. C. Pain: None. A. Ravelli: None. C. Saad Magalhaes: None. C. Pilkington: None. D. Schonenberg: None. C. Scott: None. K. Tullus: None. M.W. Beresford: None.


In this high conductivity semiconductor material, it is not possible to distinguish between the onset of these two processes, and it is highly probable that the two processes are initiated simultaneously. Electroforming is normally observed in insulating materials (Ray and Hogarth 1984), where there is a very rapid increase in the current drawn at a particular moment. In the test device, a decrease in current was observed at the field F/sub b/, which may be identified with dielectric breakdown; however, after this event the samples showed the typical electroforming characteristic of voltage-controlled differential negative resistance (VCNR) for both increasing and decreasing voltages. The basic characteristics observed for both these phenomena are discussed in the paper.


An enzymatic synthesis of peptides catalyzed by proteinases has been extensively investigated in some solvent systems. We have successfully synthesized some peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids in high yields using an aqueous-organic biphasic system.',, It is, however, not easy to synthesize peptides consisting of hydrophilic amino acids without protective groups of their side chains. Hydrophilic peptides are excellent in solubility to water and favorably improve the taste of food.3 In this context, we have attempted to synthesize peptides including a hydrophilic and basic amino acid lysine, which is one of the essential amino acids, through transesterification catalyzed by trypsin. The overall reaction scheme is as follows:


Ordinances requiring employers and business complexes to reduce the number of commute trips arriving at the employment site by implementing transportation demand management (TDM) measures have been enacted in more and more cities in the last few years. Local trip-reduction ordinances are now a requirement in California to comply with the legislatively mandated Congestion Management Program. Although employers are required to comply with various ordinances, there may be little guidance provided to them other than a listing of possible strategies. This paper reports on a project performed for the City of Pleasanton, California, to develop a methodology to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of employer-based TDM measures in suburban settings. Pleasanton was the first city in the United States to adopt a comprehensive TDM ordinance, in October 1984, and has served as a model for many other communities throughout the nation. The methodology developed in this study was applied in a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet-based model so that it is readily accessible to employers and staff at local agencies who may be inexperienced with using computers. Site-specific information for a given work site may be entered into the model, and the relative cost-effectiveness of up to 18 TDM measures may be evaluated. This is an extremely useful fool for employers to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of TDM measures. To demonstrate the use of the TDM Cost-Effectiveness Model, the model was tested for characteristics that represented a variety of suburban employers in the San Francisco Bay Area.


This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of modern integrated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). At the moment, a number of foreign companies, such as Analog Devices, Texas Instruments and Microchip, produce ADCs in integrated design. Each manufacturer uses its own method of implementing the device. The main task of such devices is to convert voltage to binary code. ADCs are used wherever it is necessary to receive an analog signal and process it in digital form. Examples include applications such as communications and telecommunications, various radio systems, and measurement technology. Very important characteristics of such equipment are dynamic range, ease of implementation and speed. The means of analog-to-digital conversion are constantly being improved, which leads to an increase in the speed of the converters and the frequency band of the converted signals, an increase in the dynamic range, sensitivity and accuracy of the ADC. Significant interest in high-speed ADCs with a large dynamic range is explained by the fact that in the vast majority of telecommunications and radio engineering systems, direct signal conversion schemes without intermediate frequency conversion are increasingly used. Broadband applications have also been developed. The main requirement in these applications is the high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of the transducer for simultaneous detection of strong and weak signals. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the main types of analog-to-digital converters offered on the market is carried out in order to identify the most optimal construction method for using it in modern equipment.


Purpose – The different models have been used in recent intellectual capital (IC) studies to understand better the outcome of company intangible asset components. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply the index of IC of construction companies in relation to the growth of their net profit.Design/methodology/approach – Evaluation of the relationship between an IC index and company net profit employs a scoring method of evaluation of individual components of IC, which include human capital, investment capital, process capital, relations capital and management styles. The correlation method, based on rank correlation index, has been used to calculate the strength and character of the relationships.Findings – A quantitative method of evaluation of qualitative components of IC has been developed as well as a way of finding a relationship between the quality of IC and the growth of net profit earned by a company. The obtained findings support the hypothesis: the higher the value of IC, the greater th...


JOHNSON, B. M. Validation of a modified closed circuit, oxvqen dilution residual volume method. MS in Adult Fitness/Cardiac ~ehabilitation, 1993. 41pp. (W. Floyd) A modified closed circuit, oxygen dilution method for the measurement of residual volume (RV) was compared to the method described by Wilmore (1969). The major difference in equipment was the substitution of a 7 liter calibration syringe and rubber rebreathing bag for the wet spirometer in the original procedure. Duplicate measurements of RV were made with each method in random order of 90 subjects (45 M, 45 F) age 18 to 69 (mean = 31 yrs). Test-retest correlations were r = .996 for males and r = .992 for females with the modified method. For the pooled data (n = 90) the correlation between the criterion method and the modified method was r = .996, with a mean difference of 3 mls between methods and a standard error of prediction of 36 mls. The dead space in the modified method was 69 mls whereas the spirometer method dead space was 1.140 liters. The modified RV method has less dead space, requires less costly aomponents, provides a faster and less cumbersome procedure, and obviates the need to maintain a fixed water level in a spirometer for constancy of dead space. VALIDATION OF A MODIFIED CLOSED CIRCUIT, OXYGEN DILUTION RESIDUAL VOLUME METHOD


This paper analyzes the long-term equilibrium relationship between GDPI and TEC of China by using statistics data from 1953 to 2008. The research shows that there is one-way Granger-causality between the total energy consumption growth and industrial growth, the growth of the total energy consumption impacts on industrial economic growth, and it also shows that industrial economic growth benefits energy development, and the purpose of energy-saving can be achieved through technical innovation.


ABSTRACT To minimize the surface roughness and delamination problems during the end milling of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs), it is essential to understand the effects of the machining parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) and the kinematics of material removal. In this study, the effects of machining parameters on the machined surface quality – surface roughness (Ra) and delamination factor (Fd), during end milling of kenaf, jute and rice husk (RH) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites has been analyzed using a two-factor, three-level experimental plan. It has been noticed that there are significant differences in the silicon contents (kenaf: 0.57%, jute: 4.16% and RH: 22.2%) and hardness values (kenaf: 0.15, jute: 0.20 and RH:0.59 GPa) of the three natural fibers, which has influenced the resulted surface quality of the machined NFRCs. Kenaf/PP composites showed the lowest delamination damages and the best surface finish most likely due to the fiber composition and morphology of kenaf, while predictably, RH/PP composites were the most demanding to machine. With a statistical analysis on the results, it is concluded that the machined surface quality is more influenced by spindle speed with percentage contribution showing at least three times more than feed rate for machining NFRCs.


Nowadays Cancer is one of the frequent diseases for
all the humans in the world. Particularly, in women's Breast
Cancer is one of the most frequent diseases. Therefore, early
detection and prevention of cancer is very important to get
healthy life so we need to develop new techniques for diagnosis
and prediction of cancer. Many ML techniques are used for early
diagnosis and prediction of cancer. In this paper, we are
proposing new techniques for the classification of Breast cancer
and the time prediction when that breast cancer has occurred
using some ML techniques and our proposed work is medical
sector application. We compared our proposed methodology
result with each other techniques to get the highest accurate
value.


The Performance improvement that leads to an increase in business efficiency, both for the enterprises integrated in the supply chain and the entire supply chain, represents one of the basic strategic management problems. A solution to this problem, among other things, can be obtained by measuring and improving the performance of the supply chain, which simultaneously represents the basic purpose of this research study. The relative importance of performances and the values of their key performance indices are assessed by decision-makers. Their assessments are described by linguistic variables, which are modelled by interval fuzzy numbers type-2. The relative importance of performance is obtained by defining the fuzzy matrix of the relative importance of each pair of performances. The weight values of performances are calculated by means of the eigenvector method. Performance values are calculated by using the fuzzy middle-value operator. The rank of the enterprises, with respect to all of the considered performances as well as their weights, is determined by applying conventional TOPSIS. The ranking of the enterprises integrated in the supply chain can be marked as the main result of the research. On the basis of the obtained rank, appropriate measures can be taken to improve the performance of those enterprises that are rated the worst by respecting all the observed performances. The proposed model has been tested on the real life data from the automotive supply chain operating in Central Serbia.


Agreement between the United Mexican States and the European Community on cooperation regarding the control of precursors and chemical substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances (with annexes). Brussels, 13 December 1996


Coastal regions of British Columbia are presently undergoing a period of dramatic economic restructuring. The roots o f this crisis lie in the environmental and economic exhaustion of Fordist systems for resource production that have dominated B C ' s rural economy since the Second Wor ld War. This thesis argues that current responses to this crisis as undertaken by governments, corporate actors, communities, and local firms are resulting in a fundamental restructuring o f economic spaces in coastal British Columbia. I argue that senior governments are responding to the crisis in rural economies in British Columbia by implementing separate development strategies for resourceand community-based economies that are based on different visions of how these relate to global (Post-Fordist) economies. On the one hand, new reforms have recently been implemented to spatially liberalize resource economies allowing major corporate actors significantly more freedom to manipulate geographies of resource production according to global market conditions. On the other hand, senior governments are implementing new 'entrepreneurialist' programs in the local spaces o f community-based economies encouraging local groups and firms to pursue new types of connections to broader markets based on local capacities. The segregation of resourceand community-based economies is fundamentally altering local economic spaces and practices. This thesis advances detailed research from two case communities on the British Columbian coast Port Hardy on northern Vancouver Island, and Bella Coola on B C ' s rugged central coast to address how local


The key challenge in HW/SW co-design is how to choose the appropriate HW/SW partitioning from the vast array of possible options in the mapping set. In this paper we present a unique and efficient approach for addressing this problem known as Customized Heuristic Algorithm for Reducing Mapping Sets(CHARMS). CHARMS uses sensitivity to individual task computational complexity as well the computed weighted values of system performance influencing metrics to streamline the mapping sets and extract the most optimal cases. Using H.263 encoder, we show that CHARMS sieves out 95.17% of the sub-optimal mapping sets, leaving the designer with 4.83% of the best cases to select from for run-time implementation.


The EXIST active shields, now being planned for the main detectors of the coded aperture telescope, will have approximately 15 times the area of the BATSE detectors; and they will have a good geometry on the spacecraft for viewing both the leading and training Earth's limb for occultation observations. These occultation observations will complement the imaging observations of EXIST and can extend them to higher energies. Earth occultatio observations of the hard X-ray sky with BATSE on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory developed and demonstrated the capabilities of large, flat, uncollimated detectors for this method. With BATSE, a catalog of 179 X-ray sources was monitored twice every spacecraft orbit for 9 years at energies above about 25 keV, resulting in 83 definite detections and 36 possible detections with 5-sigma detection sensitivities of 3.5-20 mcrab (20-430 keV) depending on the sky location. This catalog included four transients discovered with this technique and many variable objects (galactic and extragalactic). This poster will describe the Earth occultation technique, summarize the BATSE occultation observations, and compare the basic observational parameters of the occultation detector elements of BATSE and EXIST.


According to the high real-time feature demand to solve the program of data acquisition and processing in the automatic testing system, the paper induces a method to design the automatic testing system for angular acceleration gyroscope based on multi-thread technology, which implement data acquisition and processing, real-time signals curve display and so on. And it also presents the system composition of hardware and software.


Government venture capital (VC) in Canada has been criticized for performing poorly and crowding-out private VC investment. We investigate the following two questions in parallel: 1) Does Canadian government VC investment attract private VC investment within the domestic market? 2) Does Canadian government VC investment lead to, or prevent, domestic private VC firms from investing in other countries? We find that Canadian government VC investment attracts private venture capital investment domestically. We also find that Canada's Labour-Sponsored Venture Capital Corporations (LSVCCs) have displaced private venture capital towards crossborder VC markets, located primarily in the USA.


Abstract The treatment outcome of 100 bipolar disorder patients (B.P.) was examined retrospectively to determine whether bipolar subtypes had a differential prophylactic response to lithium, carbamazepine, neuroleptics and antidepressant drugs when these treatments were given in a predetermined sequence. Sixty-eight per cent of 53 B.P.-I patients with a mania-depression-normothymic-interval (M.D.I.) sequence of mood changes had a good response to lithium, and all but one of the remainder responded with the addition of carbamazepine or an antidepressant. While only 17% of 12 unipolar manic patients achieved prophylaxis with lithium and a further 17% when carbamazepine was added, the other 66% remained normothymic when a neuroleptic was prescribed with lithium. Of the seven rapid cycling patients where depression preceded mania, 28% had a good prophylactic effect with lithium, a further 28% when a tricyclic antidepressant was added and 14% with lithium and carbamazepine. None of the 18 rapid cycling M.D.I. group had a good response to lithium, but 39% stabilised when carbamazepine was added to lithium. Twenty-eight per cent of this group failed completely to respond to any of the treatments used. Neuroleptics increased the severity and duration of depressive phases for all subtypes except the unipolar mania group.


In this paper,based on the method of case studies,a small-medium-sized enterprise—Focused Photonics(Hangzhou),Inc.is selected as an example.The path dependence of corporate fast-growing and dynamic evolution characteristics of enterprises are explored.The study shows that target acquirement,continuous innovation,and core competence establishing are the logical start and also the fundamental guarantee of nonlinear growth of enterprises.


ABSTRACT This paper aims to redress the asymmetry in the standard economic treatment of the shortcomings of markets and governments by developing and applying a theory of 'nonmarket' failure– that is, of government failure – so that the comparison between markets and governments can be made more systematically, and choices between them arrived at more intelligently. Several conclusions are drawn. First, the choice between markets and governments is not a pure one, actual systems inevitably involve combinations between markets and governments. Second, with respect to both static and dynamic efficiency criteria, markets generally do better than governments. Third, there are various ways in which government can contribute to improving the functioning of markets. Fourth, market forces can play a useful role in improving the functioning of government and reducing the incidence of nonmarket failures.


A Randomized Controlled Trails. The purpose was to investigate the effects of electric heating bag compression on the intensity of low back pain and disability in pregnant women with low back pain. The experimental group (n=17) received electric heating bag compression with routine nursing care whereas those in the control group (n=17) received only routine nursing care. The results were as follows. the pregnant women in the experimental group had significantly decreased the mean score of low back pain at immediately after the experimental and from the second to the fourth day of treatment (p<0.001and p<0.01 respectively) and had lower mean score of low back pain then the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, The pregnant women in the experimental group decreased the mean score of disability and had lower mean score of disability then the control group and (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively).


Fr. Francis Martin, a priest of the Archdiocese of Washington, DC, and retired professor of Sacred Scripture, went to meet the Lord face to face on August 11, 2017. I was greatly blessed to have been a friend and colleague of Fr. Francis for almost twenty years. I first met Fr. Francis at the annual meeting of the Catholic Biblical Association in 1999. I was about to start my graduate studies in Scripture, and Fr. Francis was then launching a task force at the CBA devoted to the integration of historical criticism with the doctrine of the spiritual sense. After working with Fr. Francis for several years in this working group, I collaborated with him to produce two coauthored books: The Gospel of John in the series "The Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture" and the forthcoming Encountering the Living God in Scripture: Theological and Philosophical Principles for Interpretation. Fr. Francis made innumerable contributions to the life of the Church through his priestly ministry, role in the Catholic charismatic renewal, pastoral and spiritual direction, classroom teaching, and efforts to help clergy become better preachers of God's Word. By way of a memorial tribute, I would like to reflect on four areas that I believe stand out as particularly important contributions of Fr. Francis Martin to the study of Scripture.


Electrical stimulation of the exposed cerebral cortex at the operating table is increasingly employed by neurosurgeons for purposes of orientation in routine work. The present paper, after a brief historical and critical survey of the stimulator needed in neurosurgery, describes a new stimulating unit designed by one of us (W. E. Rahm Jr.). It has been found by the other (Scarff) to have certain advantages over other instruments, both for practical use and in a number of physiologic aspects. HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL REVIEW OF METHODS In 1870 Fritsch and Hitzig 1 applied galvanic current to the exposed cortex of dogs and observed focal responses in the contralateral extremities. Their report constitutes a great landmark in neurophysiology, for until then there had existed profound and active disagreement between the leading schools of "physic" and philosophy as to whether localization of function was present in the brain. Fritsch and Hitzig demonstrated beyond


Optimal power flow (OPF) has always played an important role in optimizing the operation of power systems, which are complex and highly nonlinear networks. The need for optimization is even more pressing in modern power grids with distributed energy resources (DERs, with or without storage) that introduce more flexibility, dynamics, and uncertainties to power grids. Most importantly, they add the time dimension to the optimization process: DERs generate the need to optimize systems in real time over a time horizon considering forecasts. This article proposes a multi-stage OPF formulation and solution method based on object-oriented device models with a rolling horizon incorporated for real-time optimizations to achieve optimal feedback control. The process also takes into account changing forecasts. The proposed approach is tested on a real distribution feeder and the results indicate that the method is very promising.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst ligand for bleaching paper pulp and textile in low temperature. The preparation method comprises following main steps: dissolving diethylenetriamine containing sulfonyl groups in an organic solvent, adding an alkaline reagent and ethylene glycol diacetate, subjecting the mixture to reactions for 6 to 20 hours at the temperature of 80 to 150 DEG C, cooling to the room temperature after the reactions finish, and then filtering to obtain 1,4,7-trisulfonyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane; adding 1,4,7-trisulfonyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane in sulfuric acid, stirring for 2 to 12 hours at the temperature of 80 to 130 DEG C, adding in alkali to neutralize after cooling, adding formaldehyde and formic acid, and performing reflux to obtain 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane. The preparation method is simple, has the advantages of available materials, and less waste gas, waste water and waste residues, is suitable for industrial production and meets the environmental protection requirements of industry production.


As an extension of positive or almost positive diagrams and links, we introduce a notion of successively almost positive diagrams and links, and good successively almost positive diagrams and links. We review various properties of positive links or almost positive links, and explain how they can be extended to (good) successively almost positive links. Our investigation also leads to an improvement of known results of positive or almost positive links.


Part One: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT. 1. Managing in Turbulent Times. 2. The Evolution of Management Thinking. Part Two: THE ENVIRONMENT OF MANAGEMENT. 3. The Environment and Corporate Culture. 4. Managing in a Global Environment. 5. Ethics and Social Responsibility. 6. Managing Small Business Start Ups. Part Three: PLANNING. 7. Managerial Planning and Goal Setting. 8. Strategy Formulation and Implementation. 9. Managerial Decision Making, Organizational Planning and Goal Setting. Part Four: ORGANIZING. 10. Designing Adaptive Organizations. 11. Managing Change and Innovation. 12. Human Resource Management. 13. Meeting the Challenge of Diversity. Part Five: LEADING. 14. Dynamics of Behavior in Organizations. 15. Leadership. 16. Motivation. 17. Communication. 18. Teamwork. Part Six: CONTROLLING. 19. Managerial and Quality Control. 20. Information Technology and E-Business. 21. Operations and Service Management.


Objectives Many of critically ill patients are being cared for prolonged periods in ED just because of limited number of ICU beds and utilize of ED as the entry point to the health care system. The aim of this study is evaluation efficiency of APACHE III scoring system in predicting mortality rate of the mentioned patients. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional, observational, analytic study was performed in one year period. A hundred patients remaining in ED and necessitating ICU hospitalizing were enrolled by the convenience type of non-probability sampling. Then, the APACHE III scores, predicted and observed mortality rates were calculated using of information obtained from patients' files, interview with the patients' family and performing required physical exams and lab tests. Results In the assessment of 100 patients, men group were 56% (56) and women group 44% (44). The age of patients and the ED lengths of stay were 66.07 ± 19.92 years and 5.11 ± 3.79 days respectively. The average (± SD) of APACHE III score of the enrolled patients was 58.89 ± 18.24 and the predicted mortality rate calculated 32.73%; while, the total of observed mortality rate was 55%. The average (± SD) of APACHE III score of survivors and non-survivors were 48.63 ± 16.35 and 67.63 ± 14.84 respectively. So, there was a significant deference (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant deference in the ED lengths of stay between survivors and non-survivors (3.20 ± 1.34 and 6.57 ± 4.40 respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion In our study, APACHE III score and ED lengths of stay were higher versus other studies in Iran and other countries; which show more critical patients presenting to our hospital and limited ICU beds versus patients. This study results nevertheless there was significant difference between predicted and observed mortality rates, the APACHE III scoring system is applicable to evaluating care, treatment and prognosis of ED patients, as is used in ICU.


This study is to estimate the structural stability of the machine which is carried to assemble and test a gearshift lever in the automobile at the same time. Because maximum von-Mises stress of 21.6 ㎫ is smaller than its yield stress of 250 ㎫ and the maximum deformation of 0.033 ㎜ is quite small, it is stable statically. And the analysis result of dynamic characteristics shows that the maximum von-Mises stress of 210.8 ㎫ is smaller than its yield stress 250 ㎫. The natural frequencies is not coincided with the driving speed. Therefore it is stable dynamically.


We propose a self‐consistent approach to analyze knowledge‐based atom‐atom potentials used to calculate protein‐ligand binding energies. Ligands complexed to actual protein structures were first built using the SMoG growth procedure (DeWitte & Shakhnovich, 1996) with a chosen input potential. These model protein‐ligand complexes were used to construct databases from which knowledge‐based protein‐ligand potentials were derived. We then tested several different modifications to such potentials and evaluated their performance on their ability to reconstruct the input potential using the statistical information available from a database composed of model complexes. Our data indicate that the most significant improvement resulted from properly accounting for the following key issues when estimating the reference state: (1) the presence of significant nonenergetic effects that influence the contact frequencies and (2) the presence of correlations in contact patterns due to chemical structure. The most successful procedure was applied to derive an atom‐atom potential for real protein‐ligand complexes. Despite the simplicity of the model (pairwise contact potential with a single interaction distance), the derived binding free energies showed a statistically significant correlation (∼0.65) with experimental binding scores for a diverse set of complexes.


Introduction:
 Atherosclerotic cervical ICA disease is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. The risk of stroke from mild to moderate stenoses (i.e., <50% stenosis) might be underestimated. Further investigation is mandated to describe the association between high-risk plaque features and ESUS.

 Methods:
 This was a retrospective observational study. Using the stroke registry of our hospital's system between June 20th 2016 and June 20th 2021, we reviewed data for patients diagnosed with ESUS according to previously published definition criteria. Using CTA, we analyzed laterality of high-risk plaque features in relation to the stroke side, and then we identified the incidence of recurrent stroke events.

 Results:
 Out of 1779 patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, only 152 met the inclusion criteria for ESUS. We Compared high-risk plaque features ipsilateral to stroke side as to contralaterally. There were significantly more ulcerations defined as >1 mm depression (19.08% vs 5.26%, p<.0001), plaque thickness >3 mm (19.08% vs 7.24%, p=0.001), and plaque length >1cm (13.16% vs 5.92%, p=0.0218). Also, there was a significant difference in stenosis of ipsilateral to stroke when compared contralaterally, especially for stenoses of 10-30% and 31-49% (17.76% vs 10.53% and 5.26% vs 2.63%, respectively. p=0.0327). There was also a significant difference in plaque component; both components (soft and calcified) and only soft plaque (42.76% vs 23.68% and 17.76% vs 9.21%, respectively. p<.0001) were more prevalent ipsilaterally. In total, 17 patients were found to have a recurrent stroke event, 8 patients had an ipsilateral stroke to the index event, 7 had a bilateral and 2 had a contralateral event.

 Conclusion:
 ESUS is more commonly found ipsilateral to high-risk plaque features. The small number of our sample is definitely a limitation. Further large and multicenter studies aiming to form precise prediction models and scoring systems are needed to help guide treatment.


This study was accomplished in Nascentes do Garcia Natural Park, Blumenau city, Santa Catarina State, in order to evaluate the dynamics of the Submontain Atl...


Silane coupling agent was used to pre-treate hollow glass bead,and then to prepare a polypropylene(PP)foamed composite modified by hollow glass bead(HGB)by post-foaming process in designed dies.The effects of the mass fraction of HGB on foaming effect,interfacial bonding and mechanical properties of the foamed composites were studied.The results show that adding HGB modified foaming effction dramaticlly.When the mass fraction of HGB was 15wt%,a close-cell structure with uniform cell distribution and fine cell size was obtained,and the mechanical properties of the foamed composite was best,and its impact toughness,flexural strength and compressive strength was 25.6kJ·m-2,11.2 MPa和 17.6 MPa,respectively.The surface pre-treatment by KH550enhanced interfacial bonding between HGB and PP matrix and strength of cell wall signally.


3-Arylhydrazones of pentane-2,3,4-triones are known to undergo substitutive bromination. We report here a study of the bromination of the copper chelates of arylhydrazones of pentane-2,3,4-trione and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2,3-trione. The products, 3-arylazo-3-bromopentane-2,4-diones and 2-arylazo-2-bromo-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, liberate iodine from acidified potassium iodide solution.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a 10-week endurance-training program on the aerobic potential of prepubertal children and particularly on the maximal oxygen uptake according to gender.The subjects consisted of 24 prepubertal children:12 served as an experimental group(TG) and 12 served as a control group(CG).Each subject carried out a test on a bicycle ergometer in order to evaluate VO_2max before and after 10-week of aerobic training for TG and normal life for CG.The training was predominantly aerobic and consisted of interval training and continuous long distance running.The major finding of present study is a significant increase of VO_2max as a result of the 10week endurance training program in TG.Such an increase was however higher in girls than in boys.A significant relationship was obtained between the percentage of VO_2max increase after training and initial VO_2max.Whatever the group,VO_2max was significantly higher in boys than in girls.The present longitudinal study shows that VO_2max can increase in prepubertal children after an aerobic training program and such an increase is the same in boys and girls when the initial aerobic fitness is taken into account.


: The indentation creep behavior of the bulks of Cu/SAC305/Cu, Cu/SAC0705/Cu and Cu/SAC0705BiNi/Cu lead-free micro solder joints are comparatively investigated at different maximum load by nanoindentation method. And the Bi, Ni concentration on the creep behavior of the bulks of Cu/SAC0705/Cu micro solder joints are analyzed and discussed. The mode of loading-unloading is adopted. Here the holding time is 180 s and the maximum load is 20 mN, 30 mN, 40 mN, and 50 mN, respectively. The indentation morphologies of the bulks of the micro solder joints at different maximum load are observed by FEI SIRION scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the creep depth and indentation size of the bulks of Cu/SAC0705BiNi/Cu are smaller than that of Cu/SAC305/Cu and Cu/SAC0705/Cu at the same maximum load and holding time. Compared with the bulks of Cu/SAC0705/Cu micro solder joints, at four different maximum loads, the indentation creep rate ( C IT ) of the bulks of Cu/SAC0705BiNi/Cu micro solder joints are declined 11.883%, 16.059%, 8.815 7%, and 12.891%, respectively. The creep stress exponent of the bulks of Cu/SAC0705/Cu micro solder joints increases 32.175 % by adding Bi and Ni elements. The addition of Bi and Ni elements can effectively improve the creep resistance of the bulks of low-Ag Cu/SAC0705/Cu micro solder joints.


In this paper, a comparative study is conducted to investigate the capability of three nonlinear methods in controlling manipulators. The sliding mode control (SMC) as a nonlinear method with robust nature and state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) as a nonlinear suboptimal technique are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of robustness and optimality combination. The optimal sliding mode control (OSMC) has both mentioned essence. The OSMC benefits from linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to define its gains. This reduces the magnitude of input signals and eliminates the chattering phenomenon. The end-effector error, norm of control inputs and dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) are computed as some important criteria of industrial robots to assess the controllers. Simulation results showed that the OSMC method, in addition to control input reduction has also the robustness properties and it can be considered as a suitable approach in this area.


Previous analyses have shown that annual length increments of cod off Newfoundland and Labrador are positively related to temperature anomaly and to 1/(cod biomass). It has also been shown that replacing 1/(cod biomass) with (capelin abundance index)/(cod biomass) results in a much weaker fit. A randomization test supported the conclusion that there was insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis that cod length increments are independent of capelin abundance. In this paper the probability of Type II error (not rejecting the null hypothesis, when it should have been) in the earlier analyses is examined by simulating length increment data from a growth model with error and carrying out similar fits to those attempted on the real data. It is ?rgued that the cost of Type II error could be large if it precipitates an increase in commercial exploitation of capelin.


ABC Company is a company producing rubber crumb (crumb rubber) in the form of bales with quality SIR 5, SIR 10, and SIR 20. The processing is done consists of several work stations that are continuous. Scheduling the work force in the company is considered less precise in providing holidays and working time, because hiring labor for 7 business days to achieve the production target and exceed 40 hours worked during the week. This is not in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia No.102/MEN/IV/2004 and Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.13 of 2003 on Manpower. So it is necessary to apply a good scheduling system for labor production process, one of the laborscheduling algorithm is to use Monroe. The manpower requirements for the entire production process is as many as 73 people. With the labor scheduling in PT.ABC still can work to meet production targets without disrupting weekday though individual workers get a day off two consecutive days alternately. Another advantage in labor scheduling algorithm Monroe with the company is able to minimize labor costs Rp.232.200.000/year.


ABSTRACTA wide band 6 to 18 GHz mixer has been designed and developed for high dynamic range operation. The mixer utilizes monolithic MESFET quad as a mixing element for the double balanced mixer circuit. The baluns have been developed on low dielectric constantsubstrates and are fully compatible for a planar approach. The mixer circuit exhibits anIF bandwidth of 2 GHz to 6 GHz and has a measured input intercept point of +25 dBm. Thefabricated RF and LO baluns have demonstrated an excellent performance in amplitudeand phase up to 21 GHZ. The IF baluns demonstrate similar performance from 1 GHz to1 0 GHz. The design is transferable to milli-meter range. A 0.5 micron gate length MMIC process was used to fabricate the matched quad. GaAs FET's with double recessed channels, for high breakdown and low parasitic resistance, were used.INTRODUCTION The objective of the project was to design and develop a wide-band and high dynamic range mixer for EW receiver and radar applications. The tasks included the


Luis Rafael Sanchez (b. 1936, Humacao), considered Puerto Rico's most important living writer, is an essayist, playwright, and novelist. He is perhaps best known for his novel La guaracha del Macho...


The ligand tBu2PC2H4NHC2H4NEt2 (PNHN) was synthesized starting from 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride and ethanolamine. Reaction of PNHN with [IrCl(COE)2]2 under H2 afforded the dihydride cis-IrH2Cl(κ3-PNHN) (1) in excellent yield. Treatment of 1 with tBuOK led to clean formation of the 16-electron amido complex IrH2(κ3-PNN) (2). Hydrogenation of 2 in toluene or ethyl acetate produced the trihydride mer-IrH3(κ3-PNHN) (3). This complex was unstable and dimerized to give [IrH2(κ2-PNHN)]2(μ-H)2 (4) with uncoordinated NEt2 groups. The structures of 1 and 4 were established by X-ray crystallography. Complex 2 demonstrated good catalytic activity for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone, cyclohexanone, and butanone.


This edition of CNS Spectrums focuses on geriatric psychiatry and the current developments in the field that are expanding the physician's knowledge and ability to treat mental disorders in the elderly population. We will highlight four areas of interest in the field with four simple questions: (1) What is the evidence for the role of cerebrovascular disease in the pathogenesis and characteristics of late-life depression? (2) Medical burden can clearly contribute to and complicate the course of late-life depression, but how can its effect be measured? (3) How do we understand treatment-resistant depression in late life, and what are the best alternative approaches to seeking full remission? and (4) Now that we have amassed a great deal of experience using cholinergic-enhancing therapies, how do we understand their mechanisms of action and potential usefulness for other neuropsychiatric conditions in addition to Alzheimer's disease? In the first article, Jeffrey Lyness, MD, surveys the literature on the cerebrovascular model of depression in late life with a critical focus on how the imaging and epidemiological evidence supports the cerebrovascular model of depression with respect to onset, course-concomitant cognitive dysfunction, and response to treatment. The implication of these findings for treatment options are briefly discussed. Next, Helen Lavretsky, MD, and colleagues present an interesting and powerful approach to the study of multiple putative variables as risk factors for late-life depression using the Classification and Regression Tree Analysis (CART) technique. This method measures the interaction of variables, creating a resulting hierarchy of risk factors or risk factor combinations that are the most salient contributors for a defined threshold of pathology. Their focus on cerebrovascular risks, overall medical burden, and cognitive impairment are the very factors most often presenting a confusing mix of symptoms in clinical practice with depressed elders. The initial section of this paper is a succinct review of the role of medical burden and cerebrovascular disease in late-life depression as well as the interplay impact of cognitive dysfunction. The rationale and methodology of the CART model of statistical analysis is clearly explained in detail. One intriguing result found was the interaction between the finding of frontal lobe atrophy and hyperintensity lesion volume as risk factors only when a certain threshold was achieved. The potential power of the CART methodology, it seems to me, could well be applied to the same data set collected at other centers to test the replicabilty of these interesting findings. Having reviewed risk factors for late-life depression, now let us turn to treatment. Alastair Flint, MB, provides a thorough review of treatment-resistant depression in late-life. He clearly defines the term "treatment resistant," advocates stepping back to review the diagnosis, particularly whether early dementia is a cofactor, defines "adequate treatment," reviews medical comorbidity, and finally, discusses the pros and cons of augmentation, switching antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy, and the experimental treatments of repetative transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. Turning to the article by Daniel Kaufer, MD, cholinesterse-inhibitor (ChEI) therapy may seem like switching gears from the topic of depression to dementia but, in fact, Kaufer's argument for the broader use of these agents lies in the assembled body of evidence he has collected to support a cholinergic—monaminergic continuum. Kaufer begins with a thorough review of the anatomy and pharmacology of the cholinergic system, the evidence for cholinergic deficits in AD, and the rational for using ChEI to combat that deficit. Kaufer goes on to review a broader array of neuropsychiatric symptoms that respond to ChEI therapy which, he argues, makes the case for the rationale use of ChEI in other dementias, including vascular dementia. Finally, Kaufer synthesizes his intriguing understanding of the "fit" of cholinergic function in the large sphere of overall brain function that justifies more trials of ChEI for use in a broader group of disorders than was originally thought. In this issues' final report, Seppo Kahkonen, MD, PhD, describes a case of trichotillomania in a patient with schizophrenia who responded to augmentation of risperidone with citalopram. Kahkonen discusses differences in prevalence of trichotillomania across psychiatric disorders, and briefly reviews treatment options. This issue of CNS Spectrums is an exciting representative cross-section of the advancement taking place in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Herein we attempt to better understand the pathophysiology of dementia and depression in later life and strive for more specific and targated therapies for the subclassifications of these debilitating disorders.


3,4-Dihydro-2-H-pyran and oxalyl chloride react, depending on the conditions, to keto esters, a pyran-3- carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or to an hitherto unknown bicyclic acetal containing a vinyl chloride moiety. The structure of the latter product has been unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. A mechanism for its formation is proposed.


Two new silver(I) 3D coordination polymers, namely [Ag3(2-stp)(dpa)]n (1) and {[Ag2(2-stp)(H2O)]⋅Hdpa}n (2) (2-NaH2stp=sodium 2,5-dicarboxysulfonate, dpa=di(pyridine-2-yl)amine) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In complex 1, three neighboring Ag ions are bridged by N- and O-atom, forming a 3D coordination network. The molecular structure of 2 is cationanion species, forming 3D hostguest supramolecular network with the [Hdpa]+ cations encapsulated in the nanochannels. The photoluminescence properties of the complexes were also investigated in the solid state at room temperature.


For solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), durability to carbon deposition is a common problem to use hydrocarbon fuels from the city gas and the biogas. Identification of degradation factors and locations leads to development of diagnosis method and optimized operation control for prevention of failure and accident. Electrochemical data by the degradation give useful parameters for health diagnosis. In this study, we are aiming to understand spatial degradation, so that we prepared an anode-supported planar cell in which the cathode layer was segmented to three parts. We fed dry methane gas to the anode as accelerated aging tests and measured the current distribution directly among the upstream, midstream and downstream parts along the anode flow channels. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis was carried out in each segment as well. Upstream part of the cell exhibited larger overpotentials with more enhanced carbon deposition than the other parts with the dry methane fuel.


The present study attempts to investigate Persian cultural conceptualizations (hereinafter CCs in the text) placed in the reading passages of the English textbooks published by one of the most prominent publishers in Iran. Employing the principles of critical literacy, together with the investigative framework of Cultural Linguistics, content analysis revealed that despite portraying some universally acknowledged conceptualizations in the readings, not all of them necessarily depicted Persian CCs. Furthermore, the study found that the processing questions and activities were confined to low order comprehension questions and language exercises, with few opportunities for the audience of the textbooks to get involved thoroughly with the conceptualizations used in the readings or challenge ways of thinking inserted in the passage in spite of the allegedly critical approach shaping the series. Accompanied by semi-structured interviews, the study concludes by offering practical pedagogical implications for materials developers and textbook designers. To further elucidate the purpose of the study, a tentative reading task concerning a Persian CC is developed and offered in the appendix. INTRODUCTION Language is regarded as a societal phenomenon (Pessoa and Freitas, 2012) but not as merely a medium of expressing or communicating with others (Norton and Toohey, 2004). Thus, learning a language is considered as a practice that shapes students' insights about themselves, their socio-historical milieu and their applicability for the society. Therefore, language teaching does not denote a simple transmission of factual information about the world, to superficial discussion or playful activities, as is common in communicative teaching. It has to go beyond the acquisition of language skills and communicative competence to the critical examination of the cultural and sociopolitical context in which it occurs. Adopting the phrase foreign language learning rather than foreign language education proves that language teaching implicates political and social goals visible in goals of teaching and learning of a second or foreign language curriculum. Consequently, the abovementioned core of language calls for an application of critical pedagogy within language courses. The outstanding objective of critical pedagogy is to let students and educationists to become aware of rudimentary cultural and moral values, ideologies of society, and educational surroundings to prove to be social transformers. Crooks (2013) defined CP as follows: Critical pedagogy is teaching for social justice, in ways that support the development of active, engaged citizens who will, as circumstances permit,


For improving the retrieval performance of large-scale component repositories, a novel approach of components retrieval, Automatic Tags Extraction(ATE) retrieval, is proposed in this paper. In this method, component tags are extracted automatically from application domain terms, high-frequency terms, high-weight terms and facet terms in description document of component at first, and then the improved VSM (Vector Space Mode) similarity algorithm is used to retrieve on the tags. Our experiments show that, compared with some common retrieval methods, the ATE retrieval is more feasible and efficient.


Part 1 Tales of the unexpected: the Tylenol tale the Bhopal tragedy Tales of financial panic the sorry tale of the baby milk scandal how Persil had to be washed-whiter-than-white sweetmail how "no comment" leads to plenty facing up to a crisis initial points to consider when planning for a crisis. Part 2 The anatomy of a crisis: the terrorist threat computer catastrophe. Part 3 Planning for the unexpected: actions speak louder than words a coherent approach to planning appoint a crisis management team crisis prevention formulating strategies and tactics for dealing with each potential put the plan in writing test everything coping at the personal elvel planning for crisis summarized. Part 4 Surviving the unwanted takeover bid: watching for the tell-tale signs planning against a takeover crisis management team know your audience define your message line up the troops watch what you say the battle between Arthur Bell and Guinness timetable for a takeover the dirty tricks brigade ways to fend off unwelcome predators. Part 5 Tell your own tale: the Sellafield saga toxic shock syndrome bad day at Bantry Bay initial points to consider in developing a crisis communications plan. Part 6 Tell it all, tell it fast: identify the media background to seize the initiative set up a press centre emergency press centre for media calls quiet room the press release the switchboard the press conference communicating in crisis. Part 7 Prevention is better than cure: crisis management summarized.


This dissertation is my original work and to the best of my knowledge has not been presented to any other university for an academic award.


ABSTRACT Ireland's government placed a renewed focus on the teaching and learning of numeracy with the publication of a national strategy in 2011. Whole-school planning for numeracy was already a requirement for disadvantaged schools also known as Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS) in Ireland. This single site case study explored how a disadvantaged school was teaching numeracy across the curriculum. It was discovered that teachers were unclear about the difference between numeracy and mathematics. Teachers' life experiences of mathematics shaped their views towards numeracy. Leadership played a role in shaping teachers' views of the importance of numeracy. Whilst all teachers could see the relevance of teaching numeracy in their subject area, the majority were unaware of what the school improvement plan for numeracy contained. The findings suggest the need for teachers to understand the concept of numeracy, the need for professional development to address this, in addition to developing teachers' identities and pedagogical practices in this area. Schools need to consider how leadership can put support in place to enable teacher learning. Policymakers need to consider and distinguish between mathematics and numeracy, and support schools' engagement with cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to embedding numeracy across the curriculum.


Description colorless gas Molecular formula CH2O Molecular weight 30.03 Density 0.815 g/L @ -20°C Boiling point -19.5°C Melting point -92°C Vapor pressure 3883 mm Hg @ 25°C (Howard, 1989) Flashpoint 300° C or 573°F Explosive limits upper = 73% lower = 7% Solubility soluble in water, alcohol, ether, other polar solvents Odor threshold 0.05-0.5 ppm Odor description very pungent odor; straw-like Metabolites formic acid Conversion factor 1 ppm = 1.24 mg/m3 @ 25°C


The chain of causation can be broken if an independent actor intervenes between the defendant's negligence and the resulting injury.


Summary In the past two decades, automatic 2D inversion of ERT has been widely used. If geometrical soundings are carried out with measurement of the induced polarization, then one can interpret the curves of apparent resistivity and apparent polarizability with obtaining two deep-seated models - geoelectric and polarization. In the 1D version of the interpretation, the curves of apparent resistance and apparent polarizability were selected simultaneously in manual or semi-automatic mode. Two-dimensional inversion is often carried out completely automatically. As a rule, in the first stage, the inversion of the curves of apparent resistance is performed to obtain a deep model of resistivity, and in the second stage, the inversion of curves of apparent polarizability is already performed. This is the correct approach, since the two physical parameters obtained are related to each other. However, in some situations, the use of a resistivity model in the inversion of apparent polarizability leads to a deterioration in the result and an erroneous polarization model is obtained. This is especially noticeable in the case of inversion of low-quality data obtained under conditions of strong interference and with a low ratio of useful signal to noise. Our experience in the interpretation of ERT data shows that in some cases, the result of inversion of the curves of apparent polarizability without considering the resistance model provides a more consistent with the geology and balanced polarization model.


This paper presents C-PROM, an annotated corpus for French prominence studies. The corpus, including different regional varieties of French (Belgian, Swiss and metropolitan French) and various discourse-genres (from oral reading to spontaneous conversations) for a total duration of 70 minutes, was annotated by two phonetics experts. The two exp erts in charge of the coding followed a strict protocol, wh ich takes into account both the previous mistakes encountered by prior research into prominence detection in French and el em nts of the methodology followed by scholars working on oth er languages. We conclude by discussing the average co nsistency between the two transcribers. The results obtained ar quite encouraging, as the F-measure between the two annot ators reaches 82.8%, and the kappa-score 0.86.


A 1978 theorem of Kozen states that two graphs on $n$ vertices are isomorphic if and only if there is a clique of size $n$ in the weak modular product between the two graphs. Restricting to bipartite graphs and considering complete bipartite subgraphs (bicliques) therein, we study the combinatorics of the weak modular product. We identify cases where isomorphism is tractable using this approach, which we call Isomorphism via Biclique Enumeration (IvBE). We find that IvBE is polynomial for bipartite $2K_2$-free graphs and quasi-polynomial for families of bipartite graphs, where the largest induced matching and largest induced crown graph grows slowly in $n$, that is, $O(\mathrm{polylog }\, n)$. Furthermore, as expected a straightforward corollary of Kozen's theorem and Lovasz's sandwich theorem is if the weak modular product between two graphs is perfect, then checking if the graphs are isomorphic is polynomial in $n$. However, we show that for balanced, bipartite graphs this is only true in a few trivial cases. In doing so we define a new graph product on bipartite graphs, the very weak modular product. The results pertaining to bicliques in bipartite graphs proved here may be of independent interest.


Relevance. The grain market is one of the key sectors of the agro-industrial complex and is important for the development of the entire economy of the country. In Russia, there are many problems associated with pricing in the grain market, including the uneven distribution of agricultural producers across the country and an underdeveloped infrastructure for storing and transporting grain. Thus, this article is relevant and relevant for modern business conditions.Methods. General scientific and special research methods are presented, including a descriptive method (generalization techniques, observations, interpretation, comparison, etc.), methods of pricing analysis and forecasting grain prices, as well as recommendations for optimizing pricing in the grain market.Results. As a result of the analysis of the peculiarities of pricing in the grain market, the following results were obtained: yield is one of the main factors affecting the price of grain, insufficient gross grain harvest leads to a shortage of products on the market and an increase in prices; supply and demand also have a significant impact on the price of grain; with the devaluation of the national currency, grain prices may rise; when due to the unfavorable price environment for grain transportation, the price of products will also increase. The price of grain is a key factor for all market participants, so it is necessary to monitor changes in the market and adapt to them. To ensure the stability and profitability of the business, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the price of grain and make effective decisions based on the analysis of the market situation.


Leaf freezing point determinations failed to show a seasonal pattern of cold hardiness in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) plants or to correlate with the known range of cold tolerance of 7 cultivar groups. However, plant freezing point based on freeze-chamber testing estimated cold hardiness based on reported field performance.


In this paper,we elaborated the types,relevance as well as some daily high frequency signs of geological disasters.Also we proposed four methods of controlling geological disasters:prevention,treatment,avoidance,and evacuation.


Recently, one of the biggest challenges in multimedia technologies is to create fully interactive virtual reality (VR) systems [1]. This requires generating numerically or even better gathering real data about static or dynamic 3D objects and scenes and delivering them to virtual reality environment [2]. In VR, the observer can move around and select a vantage point from which to view the image. Currently, three different systems provide limited 3D interactive content [1], still object imagery, 3D freeze-and-rotate-effects, and true 3D video. The still object imagery is based alternatively on a digital-image set or 3D polygonal models. The digital-image set method [3] captures a large set of digital images of a given object viewed from different viewpoints. The user intuitively selects between these views. View controls that include panning and rotation along the horizontal and vertical axes further the 3D illusion. However, this method is based on 2D images and in order to provide truly realistic 3D imaging the system requires numerous views and therefore the file size becomes unmanageably large. A second still object imagery method uses computer graphics algorithms [4] or experimental-optical data acquisition and numerical conversion methods [5] to build 3D polygonal models of 3D objects, then pastes texture maps onto these objects' surfaces. This 3D polygonal model can be rendered from arbitrary viewpoints and file size remains relatively small. However, the numerical models often look artificial or plastic because the texture maps and limiting lighting effects do not accurately represent the surface appearance from all angles. That is the reason why the experimental methods of gathering data about 3D objects in the form of cloud of co-ordinate points have become so popular [6]. Visualization of 3D still objects is not sufficient, yet. The real challenge is to create 3D video [1]. In movies and television shows it is usually realized by 3D-freeze-and-rotate method. At a particularly significant moment, the action freezes and the viewpoint rapidly rotates around the action's centerpiece. This can be performed by arranging many cameras, spaced at close intervals that are along the desired viewpoint trajectory. Playing back the images from each camera, one after another, creates a limited 3D effect. However, synthesizing interpolated images requires vast processing power and hours of human intervention. There are also attempts to produce a live 3D object monitoring by using multiple of robotic camera mounts slaved to track the motion of a single camera operator. Here, no image interpolation is performed in order to provide real-time visualization. Unfortunately, this method resulted in an image distorted by vertical motion, zoom-calibration errors and repeated a few degree jumps as the viewpoint is shifted to each successive camera. The most recent attempts focus on creating true 3D video (presented e.g. by virtual viewpoint) in which a viewer can move through the captured scene in both time and space [1]. The essential constrain in such a scenario is that the foreground content is physically separated from the background which does not move and changes color or brightness. For this type of system the cameras are spaced around the capture space and calibrated precisely. Because the scene's 3D structure is known, the system can combine multiple live or pre-recorded 3D video streams in real time and insert them into computer graphics based virtual environment. The system can combine the video stream data with other virtual reality technology such as head-mounted display, CAVE automatic virtual environment system or


The study of the influence of mechanical stress on magnetic properties of laminated steel is the subject of recent research. In this article the separation of losses is performed and the dependence of total, hysteresis, and excess losses on tensile stress up to destruction is investigated. With increasing of tensile stress, the total and hysteresis losses are first decreasing and then increasing at higher stress. The increase of total losses was found mainly due to the hysteresis losses while the classical and excess components influence the total power losses to a minor extent. For extensive deformation the increase of losses becomes dramatically high.


Point out a company that never violates any human or labour rights, never exploits the poor in societies and never dumps waste, carbon dioxide or other harmful substances! That is hard. Yet, people all over the world share the understanding that companies should not have such irresponsible practices. Legislation has not stopped them. Companies need to be socialised so that they would not hurt humans, damage human relations in/between societies, or soil the environment that we all depend on. It is possible to apply Erik H. Erikson's stages of individual psychosocial development to companies. This paper shows how companies can be 'potty-trained' to act clean by taking them through the eight sequential stages of psychosocial development towards genuine CSR. After completing these stages, companies will have learnt hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, caring and wisdom. These virtues give companies mental strength to take on all the responsibilities that life brings.


An evaluation of the principal uncertainties in the computation of neutrino fluxes produced in cosmic ray showers in the atmosphere is presented. The neutrino flux predictions are needed for comparison with experiment to perform neutrino oscillation studies. The paper concentrates on the main limitations which are due to hadron production uncertainties. It also treats primary cosmic ray flux uncertainties, which are at a lower level. The absolute neutrino fluxes are found to have errors of around 15% in the neutrino energy region important for contained events underground. Large cancellations of these errors occur when ratios of fluxes are considered, in particular, the {nu}{sub {mu}}/{nu}{sub {mu}} ratio below E{sub {nu}}=1 GeV, the ({nu}{sub {mu}}+{nu}{sub {mu}})/({nu}{sub e}+{nu}{sub e}) ratio below E{sub {nu}}=10 GeV and the up/down ratios above E{sub {nu}}=1 GeV are at the 1% level. A detailed breakdown of the origin of these errors and cancellations is presented.


The identification of causative mutations affecting economically important traits has benefited the worldwide pig industry. We investigated the genetic variation at five loci including RYR1, IGF2, FUT1, MUC13, and KPL2 affecting traits related to production, reproduction, and disease resistance in a sample of 8009 pigs representing 3 commercial breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Large White) from 28 farms in China. We found that all breeds, especially Duroc pigs, have high frequencies of favourable alleles for lean production and stress resist - ance at the IGF2 and RYR1 loci. However, all breeds have low frequencies of the diarrhea-resistant allele of FUT1, indicating that multigenerational selection is required for E. coli F18 + resistant pigs. No linkage disequilibrium was found between the RYR1 and FUT1 loci on pig chromosome 6, supporting the possibility of combined selec - tion for both F18 and stress-resistant pigs. Relatively high frequencies (> 0.5) of the MUC13 allele conferring resistance to E. coli F4ac were found in all three breeds with the highest frequency in Duroc pigs, suggesting that the breeders can establish F4ac diarrhea-resistant lines in a few generations. No defective allele at the KPL2 locus causing immotile short-tail sperms was found in Large White pigs of American, Canadian, Danish, English, and French origin, supporting the conclusion that the KPL2 defective allele is present exclusively in Finnish Large White pigs. These results provide useful information for pig breeding schemes in China.


We consider the problem of explaining and forecasting the volume of cellular mobile traffic in a long-term perspective. To this end, we create a model of a market with both economic and non-economi ...


Caesarean delivery is now one of the most common practices throughout the world. The most common serious side effect of spinal anaesthesia is maternal hypotension. The aim of the current study was to compare the incidence of hypotension with crystalloid pre-hydration and co-hydration in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. This prospective study was conducted on 50 pregnant women in Parsa, Nepal. The study patients were divided into two groups (crystalloid pre-hydration group and co-hydration group) consisting of 25 patients in each group. Haemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were monitored. In the present study after the induction of spinal anaesthesia both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were gradually decreased from baseline among the pregnant women. Blood pressure of the pregnant women with crystalloid cohydration was significantly higher than that of pregnant women with crystalloid pre-hydration. The occurrence of hypotension among the women with crystalloid co-hydration was significantly lower than of women with crystalloid pre-hydration. Our study shows crystalloid co-hydration administered immediately after the induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is associated with a lesser incidence of hypotension than crystalloid pre-hydration.


The invention discloses a method for simulating the battery self discharge rate. The method is capable of quickly and accurately simulating the battery self discharge rate and solving the problems that at present, the self discharge rate of a battery can not be accurately simulated, and the judgment for the performance parameters of the battery is not accurate. A constant resistor is externally connected according to the different voltage conditions of the battery, so that the self discharge currents of the battery can be simulated, the external self discharge rate of the battery can be calculated, the self discharge rate of the battery itself is added so that the total self discharge rate of the battery can be calculated, and therefore the different self discharge rate of the battery is simulated. The method for simulating the battery self discharge rate is simple, quick and accurate, the performance parameters of the battery in different self discharge rates can be obtained, and meanwhile the battery performance simulation of different self discharge rates in the same battery can be achieved.


The aim of this study is to examine the effect of different strength training on the static and dynamic balance ability of volleyball players. A total of 20 male volleyball players, aged between 18 and 25, are participated in the study who has been playing in national volleyball competition in Gaziantep. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the randomized method as experimental group (n=10, age:21.60±2.06) and control group (n=10, age:20.50±1.77). The experimental group was given a different strength training program for 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Both groups continued their regular volleyball practice. Leg strength, static and dynamic balance measurements were made before starting the different strength training in both groups and after the training was finished. Takei Leg Dynamometer used for leg strength measurement and Biodex Balance SD Isokinetic Balance Test for balance measurement. Paired Sample t test was used for intra-group comparisons and Independent Sample t test was used for statistical analysis of the data. When the pre-test and post-test measurements of the experimental group were compared, there were significant differences in leg strength, static (Double leg-Overall Postural Stability Index (OPSI), Right Leg-OPSI, Left Leg-OPSI) and dynamic (Right Leg- Overall Stability Index (OSI), Left Leg-OSI) balance scores (p 0.05). As a result, it is considered that the different strength training applied to the volleyball players has a positive effect on the static and dynamic balance ability. It can be said that static and dynamic balance abilities of regular strength training may increase.


e13578 Background: Following approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety and Innovation Act in 2012, the FDA launched a 3-year plan to promote innovation, increase stakeholder involvement, secure the drug supply chain, and fund these endeavors by collecting user fees. The FDA created its fourth expedited pathway, Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) to focus on the development and approval of therapies to treat serious and life-threatening conditions that lack adequate therapies. Our 2017 study (ASCO abstract #e18270) identified a trend of increased use of these approaches with oncology drugs, particularly the BTD, which was a nascent pathway at the time. We aimed to reexamine FDA pathway and approval trends in oncology interventions. Methods: We analyzed publicly available data on novel drug approvals by the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) from 2012-2020 and the 4 expedited pathways (BTD, Accelerated Approval, Fast Track Designation [FTD], and Priority Review). Results: Between 2012 and 2020, CDER approved 380 new chemical entities, including 101 oncology drugs. Due to data limitations, 3 novel oncology biologics (approved by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research) and 4 diagnostics were excluded from the analyses. Oncology drugs comprised a mean 27% (range 14-34%) of all approvals from 2012-2020, including 25% from 2012–2016 and 28% from 2017-2020. Of all approved oncology drugs from 2012-2020, 94% (range 82-100%) utilized at least one expedited pathway. Oncology approvals were more likely than non-oncology approvals to have used one or more expedited pathways. Use of these pathways for oncology approvals increased from 2012-2016 to 2017-2020: ≥2 (65% vs 78%) and ≥3 (35% vs 50%) pathways. BTD usage for oncology drugs increased from 35% in 2012-2016 to 57% in 2017-2020, though for 2012-2016, the time interval between awarding the (new) designation and the remainder of development activities must be considered. Presumably because BTD grants additional benefits over FTD, generally the use of FTD for oncology drugs has declined over time. The use of Priority Review and Accelerated Approval has remained the same. Despite the pandemic, for oncology and non-oncology drugs alike, approvals using pathways remained consistent between 2019 and 2020. Conclusions: Efficient FDA review plays an important role in oncology drug development. Since its inception in 2012, BTD has been adopted and expeditiously used, comprising more than half of all novel oncology drug approvals from 2017-2020. Our data show a gradual increase in approvals of drugs granted BTD, which, given the duration of drug development, likely reflects the time between the acceptance of the BTD request and remainder of the pre-submission development activities. As BTD was expressly developed to increase stakeholder interaction and prioritize innovation, the speed-to-adoption and use of this pathway among oncology interventions is promising.


The current state of knowledge of freshwater decapod crustacean diversity of the Guayana Shield Region is briefly assessed, based upon information gathered from the scientific literature as well as unpublished data from academic theses, technical reports, and carcinological collections. The decapod fauna of the region is presently known to include 64 species and subspecies within six families and 17 genera. Diversity by countries, basins, and rivers is listed, comments on endemic, rare or threatened species are made, and information about relevant taxonomic literature is presented. Seven priority areas for conservation actions concerning crustacean decapods are suggested and related to the 25 priority areas defined by the Fishes and Freshwater Working Group at the Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop, held at Paramaribo (Suriname) in April 2002.


We discuss some mathematical aspects of photon antibunching and sub-Poisson photon statistics. It is known that Bell's inequalities for entangled states can be reduced to the Cauchy-Bunyakovsky inequalities. In this note some rigorous results on impossibility of classical hidden variables representations of certain quantum correlation functions are proved which are also based on the Cauchy-Bunyakovsky inequalities.
The difference K between the variance and the mean as a measure of non-classicality of a state is discussed. For the classical case K is nonnegative while for the n-particle state it is negative and moreover it equals -n. The non-classicality of quantum states discussed here for the sub-Poisson statistics is different from another non-classicality called entanglement though both can be traced to the violation of the Cauchy-Bunyakovsky inequality.


Surgical simulation has repeatedly proven its potential, but is limited by the lack of realism to the surgical experience. For laparoscopic surgery simulation, an image processing method known as style transfer can improve the realism by transferring the style of a picture from surgery onto the video of the simulator using a stylisation network. In this article, we propose an adjustable style transfer algorithm for videos to improve the realism of silicone based models. The results show that our method can successfully implement multiple stylisations in real-time onto the video of the simulator while maintaining temporal consistency and overall smoothness of the video. Comparing to other style-transfer methods, our technique can offer multiple stylisations and, except from the method of Johnson et al. [6], achieves better realness score when evaluated by surgeons. This method can also be trained on a generic database in only 3h43 contrary to the other image processing techniques such as image translation which require specific training datasets.


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different gonadotropin sources for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes fertilized and developed in vitro on cleavage (CR) and blastocysts rates (BLR). The immature oocytes from slaughterhouse cows ovaries were matured in vitro under different conditions: TCM 199 medium with 10% eostrous cow serum (ECS), aditives, hepes, NaHCO3, sodium pyruvate, antibiotics (B-199 medium), 20 UI/mL PMSG and 10 UI/ml hCG (PMSG/hCG) or B-199 medium with 5 mg/mL FSH and 5 mg/mL LH (FSH/LH). After 24 hours of culture at 38.5°C with 5% CO2 in air the mature oocytes were incubated with frozen-thawed semen for 18-21 hours. After this, the oocytes were transferred into microdroplets of Menezo medium with 10% ECS and bovine oviduct ephitelial cells (BOEC) in suspension and were further cultured for 9 days. The data were analyzed by chi-square test. The CR and BLR for PMSG/hCG and FSH/LH were 60 and 13.9% and 61.2 and 10.6%, respectively. There was no difference between treatments regarding to CR and BLR. The results indicate that both gonadotropin sources can be used for in maturation medium of oocyte fertilized and developed in vitro.


With features of superhigh hardness and strength,the cutting tool is broken down frequently when female thread was processed using titanium alloy.By analyzing the advantages of vibratory tapping and extruded tapping,the vibration extruded tapping method was put forward.In terms of titanium alloy rheology law,the vibration extruded tapping technological features were analysed and one kind of vibration extruded tapper principle was offered.Adopting the new method to female thread machining,high hardness of thread can be acquired,and tap broken cases reduce significantly.


After the publishing of the "Chinese private schools promotion law", the private schools of higher education have to make a choice of whether to transfer to a non-profit private school to avoid the tax, however, the non-profit private school requires the investors to abandon all the profits on the school. To transfer the income, investors may consider the unfair related transaction. For the purpose of avoiding and recognizing the unfair related transaction, it is necessary to bring in the audit system, which includes the government audit, external audit, and the internal audit.


,Most of the earlier studies of electrolyte concentration in fetal blood plasma have been made on larger animals (Brandt et al., 1958; Kaiser and Cummings, 1958; Widdowson and McCance, 1956). Microliter methods, which require very small samples, made it possible to use rats as experimental animals. The rat was chosen partly because of its relatively short pregnancy and partly because of the large number of animals available for a more reliable information. Rats were studied during the latter part of gestation to provide information at a time which is difficult to investigate in humans. Information on human feto-maternal and electrolyte balance was obtained at midterm gestation. Blood sampling was done on healthy women in connection with therapeutic abortions and on their fetuses. In the newborn infant study, the pregnancies and deliveries were considered to be clinically "normal". All of the newborn infants had a normal Apgar score at one minute. Analysis of the serum or plasma electrolytes reflects the actual situation of the extracellular compartment. Although these data tend to give a temporary picture of a probably continously changing state, valuable information is gained if the data are related to actual acidbase status and to clinical observation. In the last part of this investigation repeated blood sampling permitted a longitudinal follow-up study of changes in electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance in one and the same newborn infant during the first 15 minutes after birth.


Suppose $Y$ is a continuum, $x\in Y$, and $X$ is the union of all nowhere dense subcontinua of $Y$ containing $x$. Suppose further that there exists $y\in Y$ such that every connected subset of $X$ limiting to $y$ is dense in $X$. And, suppose $X$ is dense in $Y$. Then there is an indecomposable continuum with a composant homeomorphic to $X$.


In this study two versions of sixteen different traffic signs were compared on recognisability. One version was the standard "painted" traffic sign, the other version was its electronic counterpart, namely a Variable Message Sign (VMS). These signs were statically presented to 107 subjects from a stratified sample representing the average Dutch road user. Results showed that the large majority of subjects recognised the VMS as an alternative to the standard painted sign. Subjects were also acquainted with the meaning of the signs, especially if the more implicit required behavioural adaptations that signs have are regarded as a correct meaning. However, with respect to the subjective appraisal in terms of good/bad, legibility, clearness, and pleasantness, the VMS is rated more negatively than the standard painted sign. Many of the subjects preferred the painted signs to the VMS. (A)


Abstract The influence of Cu and Ni nanoparticle suspensions (2 wt-%) in commercially available engine oil (15W40) has been investigated on friction and wear behaviour of Al2O3–13TiO2 coatings. Lab synthesised nano-Cu and Ni suspensions have been compared with one commercially available nano-Cu suspension. Results show that lab synthesised Cu and Ni increases the oil viscosity by 12 and 20% for Ni and Cu respectively. However, the commercially available nano-Cu has reduced the viscosity by 8%. Lab synthesised Cu and Ni showed slightly reduced friction coefficient with significantly higher mass loss compared to virgin base oil and commercially available nano-Cu. The abrasive nature of these particles may possibly predominate in higher viscosity medium generating steady wear particles from the softer counterpart. Commercially available nano-Cu shows higher and irregular friction profile with mass loss equal to base oil possibly due to reduced viscosity.


The application of underwater acoustic communication is more and more widely, but the problems of the limited channel bandwidth, strong noise, and strong multi-path and other issues seriously affect the quality of information transmission. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology has features of high bandwidth efficiency, good ability to resistance to multipath and impulse noise, so a high-performance underwater acoustic communication scheme based on OFDM is proposed here, which combines the Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) and Frequency Hopping (FH) communication technology. Simulation results show that the scheme not only has higher band utilization rate, but also can effectively reduce the error rate and improve the reliability of the system.


Summer 2011 Composting of rhododendron and bilberry wastes to contain the spread of the exotic plant pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum Investigators: R. Noble and A. Dobrovin-Pennington , East Malling Research, Kent UK; S. Pietravalle and C.M. Henry, Food and Environment Research Agency, York, UK Objectives: To (1) assess the discoloration of rhododendron and other waxy leaves in response to compost temperature and exposure time to provide supplementary information on the efficacy of compost sanitisation; (2) develop low cost composting systems that could be used for sanitising infected rhododendron and bilberry waste; and (3) assess the pathogen survival risk from temperature profiles and the use of indicator leaves following sequential turning in the composting processes. Plant material infected with the exotic pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum, particularly of the invasive and highly susceptible Rhododendron ponticum, can pose a risk to indigenous host flora in Britain. Areas of infected bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) can also threaten surrounding noninfected heathland. Composting was examined as a more environmentally acceptable method of disposal of infected plant material than burning. Three types of low cost composting systems were developed and tested on shredded rhododendron and chopped bilberry wastes: permanent and mobile insulated bays, and insulated cargo containers, located at six different sites. In addition to temperature-time profiles of the composting wastes, the discoloration of the waxy leaves of R. ponticum and Portugal laurel (Prunus lusitanica) was developed as a potential indicator of the sanitising effect of the composting process. The relationship between the mean compost temperature and the percentage of green area of leaves positioned in the compost enabled the sanitising effect of a composting process to be immediately assessed. Mean compost temperatures and exposure times achieved in shredded rhododendron or chopped bilberry wastes in the majority of the compost in the insulated composting systems were above those needed to reduce P. ramorum and P. kernoviae to below detectable limits, and to eliminate any green colour in the indicator leaves. The exception was in the corners of the systems that contained >4 m3 waste, and in the outer surfaces at one site where the volume of waste was only 2.9 m3. Temperature-time profiles of the composts and positioned indicator leaves demonstrated that the main pathogen survival risk was in the corners of the insulated composting systems; pathogen survival risk could be minimised by positioning the corner material into the centre of the composting system during sequential refilling.


This chapter argues that there can be a reason for a person to perform an action only if this person can perform this action. The chapter gives three arguments for this claim: the argument from crazy reasons, the argument from tables and chairs, and the argument from deliberation. It also discusses several replies to these arguments. The chapter rejects three alternatives to this claim, argues that four counterexamples to this claim fail, and argues that a similar claim is true of reasons for belief. It ends by showing that these claims can help us to distinguish deontic judgments from evaluative judgments.


Irrespective of the semiconductor type and technology, organic contaminations on wafer surfaces have a detrimental impact on subsequent manufacturing steps and/or the device function. Therefore, it is of great interest to have a quick and reliable tool to detect those contaminations with sufficient sensitivity. In this study we investigated and optimized two methods which have the potential for in-line analytics since they are fast and simple: contact angle measurement and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. We present data on silicon wafer surfaces; however, the techniques may be suitable for all other wafer surfaces, too.


A facile and versatile method is reported to fabricate the interwoven tubular hierarchy of SnO2 films using a biotemplate eggshell membrane (ESM) combined sol–gel approach. In order to promote the crystallization of SnO2 films, calcination is necessary and can adjust the size of the building units in the range 2.8–26 nm. Under the direction of ESM biomacromolecules, SnO2 nanocrystallites come into being and assemble into nanotubes, and further pattern porous hierarchical meshworks to faithfully retain the morphology of natural ESM. The sensor performance of as-prepared biomorphic SnO2 was measured for ethanol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), H2S, and gasoline. It is found that the SnO2 hierarchical films obtained have a good selectivity for LPG with a working temperature above 300 °C while for ethanol below 270 °C.


Sixteen patients with glottic insufficiency received intra-fold autologous fat injection therapy with an electric injector.Using the electric injector made minute control possible.Fourteen of the sixteen patients who had been given the above therapy showed an extended maximum phonation time, which was maintained for about six months after the injection.We think that using an electric injector facilitates easier and more accurate fat injection.


Our laboratory studies how the contractile cytoskeleton contributes to the process of phagocytosis. Because of its larger size and ease of manipulation, we chose the macrostomal cell of Tetrahymena vorax as our model for analysis of the distribution of proteins of prominent filamentous structures within the large oral apparatus (OA). Previous work in our laboratory identified centrin as a component of the fine filamentous reticulum (FFR) and actin and tetrin as colocalizing components of the coarse filamentous reticulum (CFR) and cross-connectives (CC) (J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 51:253–257). Our new data also show that actin coimmunoprecipitates with tetrin proteins, confirming our actin–tetrin colocalization results. Because of its positioning around the cytostome, the actin-containing CFR/CC is a logical candidate for involvement in phagosome "pinch-off" following prey ingestion. We have analyzed this process by employing an assay that uses the addition of calcium to induce phagosome formation. We show that inhibitors of actin are able to block this event, indicating that actin is necessary for phagosome "pinch-off". The OA also contains precisely arranged arrays of microtubules. We have examined the spatial relationship of the microtubular arrays to the distribution patterns of centrin, actin and tetrin, and found that tubulin and centrin fluorescences overlap in the region of the undulating membrane (UM). Tubulin fluorescence overlaps with actin and tetrin labeling at the inner edge of the CFR, where the CFR and UM converge. In addition to ciliary and oral rib labeling, tubulin antibodies also recognize the outer microtubule bundle (OMB), which delineates the right and posterior boundary of the OA.