Located in a small area in the northwestern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Raposo, in the municipality of Itaperuna, Estância Hidromineral Soledade, operates in the mineral water industry bottling the traditional water Soledade since the years 1948 (DNPM, 2018).
Despite directing its main activity in the fluorinated mineral water container (CPRM, 2018a), Parque das Aguas Soledade has 2 water abstractions that have high concentrations of carbon dioxide and total iron that inspire the use as water more appropriate for the use through ingestion at the source and baths. These sources, called Forca Total and Soledade Thermal, have very similar chemical and physical chemical characteristics and are completely different from the Volta Fria Source water used for the commercialization of bottled mineral water.
Soledade Thermal (CPRM, 2018b) is rich in manganese (0.245 mg / L), strontium (0.138 mg / L) and total iron (14.3 mg / L). The water of the Forca Total source is the concentration of carbon dioxide (2794 mg / L) and lithium (0.014 mg / L).
These characteristics give the Parque de Aguas Soledade ample possibilities for the use of these waters, either as ingestion at the source, baths or even inspiration.
Various effects are disclosed by the users themselves. Among them are: breathing facilitation by inspiring the gases emanating from the water of the Forca Total Source, silky skin after immersion of part of the body both in the waters of the Forca Total source and Soledade Thermal, improved bowel functioning, eye relief when bathed in the Total Strength and Soledade Thermal as well as diuretic effect of the Volta Fria Fountain water that is offered at natural or chilled temperature.
The beauty of its small Park with its leafy, flowered and well-tended gardens that still allows visitors to digest water, chemical composition varied, every year brings a flow of people who come to travel more than 400 km to enjoy this pleasant environment It's healthy.


In order to supply biomass energy in Thailand, fast-growing trees like Eucalyptus and Acacia are large plantations in the region. However, there are few studies on related topics such as biomass growth versus time and tree partitioning. The objectives of the study are to develop biomass equations and characterize biomass dynamics accumulation for E. camaldulensis, E. camaldulensis coppice, and A. hybrid. The study plantation area is 960 hectares in Lampang and Lamphun province, Northern Thailand. The planted density is 1666 trees ha-1. A total of 221 trees for destructive sampling were randomly selected from thirteen sites. Allometric biomass equations for tree components are developed by regressing the diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H) and a combination of these. The results show that DBH alone is an optimal predictor variable for all studied species. However, the combination of DBH and H is more accurate than DBH alone. The models show that the total estimated above-ground biomass (AGB) production is 62.78 t ha-1 and 48.87 t ha-1 at the age of 5 years of E. camaldulensis and A. hybrid, respectively. The total estimated AGB production of E. camaldulensis coppice is 18.21 t ha-1 at 3 years of age. The equations developed in the study can be used to estimate the growth of the three species under the same growing conditions: topography, tree growth dimensions, and plantation density.


This research examines the relationships between means-end problem solving and suicidality in a group of Scottish incarcerated young offenders. The paper examines the issue concerning whether trait or state problem-solving deficits are more inextricably linked to suicidality. Using the Means-End Problem-Solving Procedure [MEPS] with 61 inmates, results suggested a more complex interaction between problem-solving deficits, affective state, and suicidality than previously suggested. The current study suggests that although problem-solving is not a trait phenomenon, it may be a state corollary of suicidality. The current study also provides evidence to suggest that psychological distress is both a trait and state indicator of parasuicidal behaviour – in particular concerning depression, which was more pronounced among inmates with a parasuicidal history than found in the comparison group.


The freedom of contract has always been regarded as eternal core and spirit of the civil law, but now, it encounters very serious collisions with various social systems. Consistent with this freedom of contract, a series of theories have been derived from it. Among them, the relativity principle of contract, considered the last defense of spirit, is undoubtedly faced with many challenges. In fact, little by little this principal has been broken through by various systems. And all these "breakthroughs "have brought increasing value to it. Today under the modem market economy system, this relativity principle of contract with flexible adaptability will be polished by further breakthroughs. It will prove to be very vital and forceful and will successfully accomplish its historical mission in our process of modernization.


Environmental problems which are parallel to pollution, critical increase in global warming and hence increasing petroleum prices, lead us to Liquid Petroleum Gas usage as a strong supportive fuel.

Liquid Petroleum Gas systems are further developed to avoid power losses and make exhaust emissions to be compatible with recent norms according to developments in gasoline engines. These developments can be cited as; First generation basic mixer system, Second generation electronic controlled system, Third generation Liquid Petroleum Gas injection system and Fourth generation sequential Liquid Petroleum Gas systems.

The most important parts which distinct sequential systems from conventional ones are; a control unit similar to ECU, LPG evaporator and regulator, gas injectors, a collector in which injectors are arranged and special cables. Gas electronic control unit calculates the proper amount of gas for each cylinder and send the fuel to the cylinders independently while suction port is open.

In this study, LPG sequential system installation to gasoline internal combustion engine, the impact of failures on engine performance and exhaust emissions that can be formed during installation phase was examined. The most widely encountered situations on system failures because of installation phase can be listed as; the length of transition time from gasoline to LPG, misfiring of engine by working disorderly during the idling, excess in fuel consumption, lacking of performance, increase of exhaust emission values and lighting of engine failure lamp.


Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas are considered at the present time as "infection-associated" tumors, because their occurrence has been observed in the background of a chronic antigenic stimulation started by some recognised pathogenic microbial agents, which do not cause the lymphoid transformation by a direct infection of the lymphocytes, but by maintaining the cells with a prolonged antigenic stimulation in a continuous proliferative status and thus increasing the probabilities of a neoplastic transformation. Among them, the Helicobacter pilori is known to be active in the stomach, the Campylobacter jejuni in the ileum, the C hlamydia psittaci in the eye, the Hepatitis C virus in the spleen, whereas in the skin Borrelia burgdorferi , the agent of Lyme's disease, which can present as erithema migrans as well as a lymphocytoma cutis , has been indicated as a potential agent involved in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas. In some instances, the eradication of the Borrelia has been associated with skin lymphoma regression in cases with documented infection. In Italy there is a great variability of incidence of the disease, which is trasmitted by arthropode-bites and few cases have been observed also in our region, the Marche; this region has approximately one and half million of inhabitants. The aim of our study was to analyse by molecular techniques the presence in tissue of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in 72 cases of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, diagnosed at the Institute of Anatomic Pathology of Polytechnic Marche Region in Ancona from 1990 and 2004. In all the cases the clinical history was retrieved from clinical charts. On the basis of the pathological findings together with a complete phenotypical and clonality analysis, each case was reclassified according to the recent WHO/EORTC scheme, as follows: 16 cases of marginal-zone lymphomas, 33 cases of follicle-center lymphomas, 23 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, subdivided in "leg-type" (7), and "other" (16). DNA was extracted by paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified as previously reported, together with DNA extracted from colonies of Borrelia burgdorferi as positive control. None of the 72 cases resulted positive. The efficacy of the PCR method was documented by the expected bands obtained with control samples. Based on our results, the role of Borrelia burgdorferi in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas seems to be unlikely in our geographical area, in agreement with a very low incidence of the Lyme's disease. Therefore, also the specific antibiotic therapy do not seem to have a rationale in lymphoma treatment. Our negative results should represent a basis for searching a different combination of immunological, infectious and genetic factors to explain the occurrence of primary B-cell lymphomas, particularly the marginal types, in our region.


This chapter contains sections titled: Dealing with Changes in the World/Map/Task, Planning and Replanning, Avoiding Replanning, On-Line and Off-Line Planning


In this paper we study the probability $\xi_n(u):={\mathbb P}\left(C_n\geqslant u n \right)$, with $C_n:=A(\psi_n B(\varphi_n))$ for L\'evy processes $A(\cdot)$ and $B(\cdot)$, and $\varphi_n$ and $\psi_n$ non-negative sequences such that $\varphi_n \psi_n =n$ and $\varphi_n\to\infty$ as $n\to\infty$. Two timescale regimes are distinguished: a 'fast' regime in which $\varphi_n$ is superlinear and a 'slow' regime in which $\varphi_n$ is sublinear. We provide the exact asymptotics of $\xi_n(u)$ (as $n\to\infty$) for both regimes, relying on change-of-measure arguments in combination with Edgeworth-type estimates. The asymptotics have an unconventional form: the exponent contains the commonly observed linear term, but may also contain sublinear terms (the number of which depends on the precise form of $\varphi_n$ and $\psi_n$). To showcase the power of our results we include two examples, covering both the case where $C_n$ is lattice and non-lattice.


The problems related to the effective introduction and realization ol competence approach within high school training are considered. The condition under which the leading Russian companies improve their competitiveness is achieving a high level of graduates competence. The author has considered the problems of getting the required number of competence for graduates and the questions of developing high school strategy in realizing the competence approach while studying.


The present work compares electrochemical degradation of red and blue azo textile dyes in single- and two-compartment electrochemical cells in the presence of Fenton reagent (Fe2+) and using a boron-doped diamond anode. Degradation of both dyes was related to the concentration of dye, applied current density and the concentration of FeSO4 catalyst. Complete colour removal and approximately 91% of organic matter oxidation was achieved in a two-compartment electrochemical cell at an applied current density of 20 mA·cm −2, pH of 3 and Fe2+ ion concentration of 0.02 mM. Higher current density and reaction time were required to achieve the same removals in a one-compartment electrochemical cell. Dye degradation kinetics as well as chemical oxygen demand removal rate were successfully modelled to pseudo first-order kinetics. The apparent first-order rate constants (k o) for degradation of red dye with an initial concentration of 20, 40 and 60 ppm were found to be 2.67±0.16, 2.19±0.09 and 1.5±0.03 min−1, and for blue dye at the same initial concentrations were 1.99±0.2, 0.95±0.02 and 0.71±0.030 min−1, respectively.


The influence of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ doping, shear under pressure, and irradiation with ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ or electrons on the oxygen $2p$-band and valence states of copper ions in CuO was studied using soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy. In the case of irradiation and shear under pressure the transformation of the spectrum shape is explained by the appearance of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}.$ The doping with lithium leads to the appearance of copper ions with formal valency of $3+.$ It was also established that the presence of lithium ions prevents ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ phase forming without a dependence on the plastic deformation value. The reasons and possible mechanisms of the $\mathrm{CuO}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ transitions in the oxides studied are discussed.


Both the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) and the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) are 10 kA electron induction linacs. The ETA produces a 4.5 MeV, 30 ns pulse, and the ATA a 50 MeV, 70 ns pulse. The ETA has been operational since 1979, having produced over 6 million pulses. Both the beam breakup instability and lower frequency transverse motions of the beam have been suppressed by accelerator cavity damping and with a wire damping zone. These efforts will be summarized. The ATA has become operational within this last year. Full beam current operation has not yet been achieved because of low-frequency transverse motion and centroid drift of the beam. The beam breakup instability has also been observed but does not disrupt the beam. Efforts at finding the source of the drift and low frequency motion, as well as wire damping of these motions will be reported. 6 references, 6 figures.


Genetically diverse germplasm is an important source for identification of parental lines having desired traits like high oil content, high seed yield and disease resistance in sesame. In the present study, 90 genotypes have been selected for genetic diversity analysis using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Data on five quantitative traits namely, plant height (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, number of capsules plant, single plant yield(g) and oil content (%) have been analysed for clustering using Tocher's method. A total of nine clusters were obtained. Of these clusters, cluster IX and V showed highest inter cluster distance indicating that they are the most diverse cluster whereas clusters VIII and II were the least diverse as indicated by the inter cluster distance. Cluster means were highest in cluster IX for number of capsules per plant and single plant yield while it was highest in cluster III for oil content and days to 50 per cent flowering. Based on cluster mean values for desirable traits, genetically diverse genotypes can be used in hybridization programme for oil and yield improvement in sesame.


Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and heat capacity results are reported for the chemical substitution series URu2Si2−xPx for 0<x≲0.5. This study expands in detail on work recently reported in Gallagher et al (2016 Nat. Commun. 10712), which focused on the small x region of this substitution series. Measurements presented here reveal persistent hybridization between the f- and conduction electrons and strong variation of the low temperature behavior with increasing x. Hidden order and superconductivity are rapidly destroyed for x≲0.03 and are replaced for 0.03≲x≲0.26 by a region with Kondo coherence but no ordered state. Antiferromagnetism abruptly appears for x≳0.27. This phase diagram differs significantly from those produced by most other tuning strategies in URu2Si2, including applied pressure, high magnetic fields, and isoelectronic chemical substitution (i.e. Ru  →  Fe and Os), where hidden order and magnetism share a common phase boundary. Besides revealing an intriguing evolution of the low temperature states, this series provides a setting in which to investigate the influence of electronic tuning, where probes that are sensitive to the Fermi surface and the symmetry of the ordered states will be useful to unravel the anomalous behavior of URu2Si2.


In the East China Sea, the population structure of hairtail has varied for the last 20‒30 years because of high intensity of fishing pressure. Therefore, for the sustainable management of hairtail, a conservative measure is required on the basis of scientific research. Acoustic transect line survey was conducted from 10 to 17 Dec 2019 in the northern sea of Taiwan along with 7 pole and line fishing and 1 trawl sampling to estimate the biomass and spatial distributional characteristics of hairtail. Two fishing gears had very different results. Thus, for hairtail allocation, three interpretation scenarios of low, medium, and high in total backscatter were considered. Consequently, the hairtail biomass in three scenarios were to be 5286 (30%), 7048 (40%), and 8810 tons (50%), respectively. Acoustic data from a long coastal line and three lines at a similar location were extracted to examine fish distributional characteristics. Lastly interpolated water temperature and salinity with backscatters were compared. This study can support in designing an integrated acoustic trawl survey next year, as well as the sustainable hairtail resource management.


Aim: Hiatal hernia may cause reflux. The prevalence and size of hernias in patients with reflux including its subgroups (NERD, GERD, or Barrett s esophagus) was investigated in the current study conducted in Albania. Methods: Patients were recruited at Regional Hospital of Shkodra, northern Albania. A total of 255 patients (53% male; overall mean age: 51.90±9.65 years) were included in this study. Following an assessment of medical history, all patients underwent a digestive endoscopy. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between patients with esophagitis and Barret esophagus, and without esophagitis with regard to the presence and size of hiatal hernia (P<0.001). Hiatus hernia was found in 42% of the patients with GERD, in 66.7% of the patients with reflux esophagitis and in 69.2% of the patients with Barrett esophagus. Reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus were significantly related to hiatus hernia (P<0.001). The severity of esophagitis was significantly related to the presence and size of hernia (P<0.001). Conclusions: Hiatal hernia was associated with an increased risk of physical complications from gastroesophageal reflux. The knowledge of risk factors may help to distinguish patients with increased risk of endoscopic lesions of the esophagus and, as a result, a higher risk of developing physical complications from GERD. Also, hiatal hernia is likely to contribute to the development of Barrett s esophagus. This is of particular importance for the occurrence of Barrett s esophagus, as a risk factor of the esophageal adenocarcinoma.


This paper examines some simple linear regressions relating employment in coal mining in Ohio, Illinois, and the U.S. to several variables including oil price, coal price, and average hourly earnings Hoag Legislative Impacts on Coal Mining Employment in real terms for bituminous coal miners. Three hypotheses will be examined. Have the laws had different impacts upon coal mining employment in the states? Have the laws had a different impact on coal mining employment in the state compared to the nation as a whole? Have the economic variables affected coal mining employment differently in the states?


This research aimed to know the practices with technologies of children up to 6 years old in family environment. I have opted for a qualitative methodology, namely the Grounded Theory, as it was my intention not to be based in existent theories, but to create new ideas and theories from observed reality. For that, I undertook semistructured interviews and observations to 15 Portuguese families in their homes. I resorted to a theoretical sampling, that is, I have look for realities where the phenomenon to be studied existed, thus families would have to have, at least, a child with less than 6 years and preferentially an older sibling. During the data collection I observed that children are surrounded by technologies and use them, in a general way, whenever they wish to, including six-month-old babies. They prefer mobile devices, as tablets and smartphones, but they also use computers, televisions and gaming consoles. Gender is decisive in the chosen activities in the devices, with a general independent use by themselves, leading children to master such devices in a way parents and older siblings do not realize.


The level of morphological deviations in living organisms during ontogenesis is a sensitive indicator of natural populations' state, which allows estimating general impact of unfavorable environmental factors on biota including a man-caused impact. The main objects of studies were the bivalve mollusk zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pall.) from the Chernobyl NPP cooling pond and the higher aquatic plant floating pondweed (Potamogeton natans L.) form Glubokoye Lake, located within the most contaminated area of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone The following morphometric parameters of mollusk's shell were analyzed: total length, protuberance of left and right valves and also mass. The results of measurements were compared with analogous ones for mollusks from Zaporozhye NPP cooling pond and from the southern part of Kakhovka reservoir of the Dnieper River. For floating pondweed have measured the following parameter of leafs: widths of left and right half, quantity of the major and minor veins on the different half. The results were compared with leafs of plants from conditionally "clean" Kiev and Kanev reservoirs of the Dnieper River. Obtained results testify that the highest evidence of fluctuating asymmetry of valves protuberance is observed in mollusks from Chernobyl NPP cooling pond. This value equals 0.8192. Mollusks from Zaporozhye NPP cooling pond and Kakhovka reservoir are characterized by considerably less value of this attribute evidence (0.0547 and 0.0328 correspondingly). High content of radionuclides in the main components of Chernobyl NPP cooling pond ecosystem, and also chronic impact of radiation exposure on zebra mussel population allow to assume that the radiation factor may be considered as determinative one, which affects the significance of asymmetry of mollusks' valves height. Higher level of bilateral asymmetry in zebra mussel from Zaporozhye NPP, in comparison with mollusks from relatively "clean" part of Kakhovka reservoir, also pays attention to itself. The leafs of floating pondweed from Glubokoye Lake characterized by the value of asymmetry 0.063 for widths of left and right half and 0.02 and 0.03 for major and minor veins. The analogous parameters of plant leafs from the Dnieper reservoirs were 0.045, 0.00 and 0.02 respectively. In spite of the established difference between asymmetry value of leafs from contaminated and conditionally "clean" water bodies it is suppose that floating pondweed is less sensitive object for analysis of fluctuating asymmetry value in radioactive contaminated aquatic ecosystems.


At the October 2017 annual meeting of the Editorial Board in Denver, Dr. Griffith informed the Board members that the next year would be his last as Editor of the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law ( JAAPL ). He had decided not to seek re-appointment when his fourth term as


The level of usage, appropriateness, and effectiveness of electronic mail within the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service was studied. More than 20,000 electronic mail records and the contents of 200 electronic mail messages were analyzed. We determined that, during the past 12 months, a minimum of 13,000 notes were routed electronically from campus staff to county and city Extension offices. The most frequent type of message sent was a request for information. We also learned that more than 95% of the field offices respond to electronic mail within three working days. We concluded from the study results that electronic mail is a fairly common communication method in Virginia and Extension staff generally are making appropriate use of electronic mail. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This research is available in Journal of Applied Communications: http://newprairiepress.org/jac/vol71/iss3/4 Use of Electronic Mail In the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service by Thomas R. McAnge, Jr. and Michael T. Lambur The level of usage, appropriateness, and effectiveness of electronic mail within the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service was studied. More than 20,000 electronic mail records and the contents of 200 electronic mail messages were analyzed. We determined that, during the past 12 months, a minimum of 13,000 notes were rouled electronically from campus staff to counly and city Extension offices. The most frequent type of message sent was a request for information. We also learned that more than 95% of the field offices respond to electronic mail within three working days. We concluded from the study results that electronic mail is a fairly common communication method in Virginia and Extension staff generally are making appropriate use of electronic mail.


This paper sets out a theory of optimal disinflation when there is positive probability of bank insolvency through defaults on loan repayments. Defaults arise through unanticipated increases in the interest rate on loans and these lead to borrowers' inability to service loans with current income. These defaults result in a reduction in the net worth of the banking system and, if large enough, lead to bank insolvency. The central bank seeks to secure a target rate of inflation and must balance the potentially large costs of bank insolvency against the costs of inflation. The model is applied to New Zealand data in the 1987–1993 period with the purpose of assessing the conduct of monetary policy over this period.


Objective To investigate the effect of telmisartan on plasma apelin-12 as well as its clinical significance in essential hypertension(EH) patients. Methods The plasma levels of apelin-12 in mild and medium range EH (45 patients) and healthy control group (30 patients) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. After 12 weeks'anti-hypertensine lowering with telmisartan for EH group, the above item was detected again. Utilizing ultrasonic cardiography(UCG) to determine heart function parameters, such as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS), left ventricular diastolic dimension(LVDd), ejection fraction(EF) slope rate,E/A. Results The plasma apelin-12 level after treatment of telmisartan was significantly higher than that of treatment before ( 3.14 ± 0.40 ) μg/L vs ( 3.41 ± 0.59 ) μg/L ( P = 0.013 ). The plasma apelin-12 level before treatment was significantly lower than that in healthy control group ( 3.14 ± 0.40 ) μg/L vs ( 3.61 ± 0.30 ) μg/L ( P = 0.0001 ). Heart function parameters were not obvious changed( P 0.05 ). Conclusion The levels of plasma apelin-12 in mild and medium range EH were degraded, and inverse correlation to mean arterial pressure(MAP)( r = -0.410 , P = 0.005 ). This result demonstrated that the variation of plasma apelin-12 has some significance to pathogenesy of EH, and telmisartan could heighten the levels of plasma apelin-12 in mild and midium range EH. The anti-hypertensive role of telmisartan is related to plasma apelin-12. Telmisartan does not influence heart function of mild and medium range EH.


The Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to Flaviviridae family and the genus flavivirus is therefore related from an evolutionary point of view with other arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, as are the dengue virus, yellow fever (YFV) and viruses West Nile. It is a virus with a genome of ribonucleic acid (RNA) of simple positive polarity chain. Although not known to virion structure, compared to other known flavivirus, this must be limited by a co lipid envelope derived from the endoplasmic reticulum of cells in which these viruses replicate, restricting this housing externally with a capsid structure and symmetry, consisting of the C protein and the viral


The saturation of traditional forms for advertising in consumers' everyday lives has led to a gradual loss of the predominance of publicity. In search for innovative and original ways to captivate user's attention, recently many brands have adopted Augmented Reality (AR) in their advertising campaigns. Most of the campaigns, using the technology, rely on an experiential approach concentrating not only on a brand's product or service, but also on an entire experience created especially for the consumer. With AR a consumer can test a product interactively through a 3D representation in real time, possibly achieving deeper brand engagement or even undertaking an action to purchase. This thesis produced a systematic investigation of the effectiveness of three separate digital shopping platforms, namely a Purely Interactive, an AR Markerbased and an AR Markerless systems. The three platforms were developed to be used for testing in an experimental setting. Consumers' cognitive responses were assessed through an empirical examination through the constructs of Innovativeness adoption, Emotions, Information seeking, Perceived risk, Arousal, Responsiveness, Perceived interface aesthetics, Usability, Organization, Fun, Boring and Brand personality. The degree of elevated purchase intent was registered and compared across the three platforms according to outcomes from participants' cognitive responses and their evaluations of the technological properties of the systems. Although not all of the hypotheses were accepted, results indicate that differences among the effects of the three tested systems do exist, particularly between the interactive and augmented reality solutions. Thus, it is maintained that AR systems may serve as an acceptable alternative of consumer "direct experience" with a product in order to make an impact on the user.


Sachet water samples of different brands were collected from several retail outlets in Nsukka, Nigeria and analysed microbiologically to determine their bacteriological quality and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A brand of the sachet water samples tested negative for the presence of bacteria while a total of 61 bacterial strains isolated from the other sachet water samples. Using the disc diffusion method, the 61 bacterial isolates were screened for susceptibility to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents including amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. The isolates showed 91.8% susceptibility to chloramphenicol and 85.2%, 80.3% and 77.0% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin, respectively. About 79% of the isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and rifampicin, respectively followed by gentamicin (69%). These results suggest that a large proportion of the bacterial flora in sachet water samples is resistant to a variety of antibiotics, and that resultant water-related infections will be more difficult to treat. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial isolates, Sachet water samples


Fracturing fluids will carry an amount of proppant flowing back to the wellbore due to the inappropriate flowback schedule, which causes some parts of fractures to be closed without support. The appearance of closed fracture sections without support (pinch point) has a serious negative effect on well performance and is also a potential signal of refracturing. A four-region model considering fracture closure is developed to detect pinch points by analyzing production data in material equilibrium time.
 Therefore, a novel four-region flow model is proposed to study the influence of pinch points on well dynamics performance in the initial stage of production and to diagnose the pinch point. In this model, the fluid flow to the wellbore is regarded as three parts: matrix, fracture, and pinch points. The position of the pinch point on the fracture (near wellbore) is considered. The existence of pinch points makes the fracture conductivity segmented, and the partial closure of fracture can be simulated by setting different fracture lengths, widths, and permeability. The flow in each region is treated as the linear flow and is coupled through boundary conditions and flux supply. Thereby, the mathematical model of flow containing pinch points is established.
 This paper analyzes the production data of oil well, draws the logarithmic curve of RNP and its derivative RNP' versus the material balance time (MBT), and conducts rate transient analysis to determine the occurrence of pinch points. In the case of the near-wellbore pinch point, the slope of the first half of RNP curves is relatively small, while the slope of the back section is about 1/2. Compared with RNP curves, the early slope of RNP' curves is relatively large and gradually changes into the linear flow stage with a slope of 1/2. Different properties of pinch points mainly affect the slope of the left and right ends of RNP and RNP' curves. The new analysis method can be used to analyze the influence of fracture closure position and degree of fracture closure on well productivity. Finally, the novel four-region flow analysis model was applied to the analysis of oil production data from a typical well in Ordos Basin. The length, width, and permeability of the near-wellbore fracture closure section can be obtained by fitting the proposed chart.
 The novel four-region flow model method and its curve characteristics provided in this article can be used as an important reference for judging whether there is a pinch point in fracture. It has a certain guiding significance for the formulation of fracturing schemes for new wells and whether old wells need refracturing in actual production.


Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effect of postpartum maternal resilience on traumatic stress. Methods: The data of this descriptive study were collected from 215 mothers between February and May, 2022 via Google Form. Descriptive information form, City Birth Trauma Scale and Resilience Scale for Adults were used to collect data. Results: It was found that the mean age of the women included in the study was 26.26±3.88, 68-4% babies were 6-12 months old. It was observed that the mean psychological resilience score of the women was 117.76±16.179 and the psychological resilience scores of the women with a high level of education, planned pregnancies and receiving midwife/nurse support during delivery were higher (p ˂ 0.05). The traumatic stress scores of the women with a total mean score of 13.31±10.32 on the City Birth Trauma Scale, who had less income than their expenses, who had health problems during their pregnancy, who had a prolonged delivery period, women with emergency cesarean section, who started breastfeeding late, who stated that they were not treated with respect during the birth process and who felt that they were not supported enough, were found to be high (p ˂ 0.05). In the correlation analysis between the psychological resilience total scores and the traumatic stress total scores of the women, it was determined that there was a very weak negative significant relationship (p= 0.033). Conclusion: Mothers in the risk group in terms of postpartum psychological resilience and traumatic stress should be followed up more closely.


Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed of freckling during directional solidification of a binary metal alloy. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the predictions to the grid resolution. Detailed results are provided for the liquid concentration, solid fraction, and liquid velocity distributions at different times. It is shown that, while it is possible to simulate freckle formation with a relatively coarse grid, many local details are predicted inaccurately. The results for the finest grid indicate that complete grid independence is difficult to achieve given present-day computing resources.


Synthesis conditions for generating high quality zeolite type Na-P1, A, and X from a South African coal fly ash were identified in this study. XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting fly ash feedstock and the resulting synthesis product. Synthesis of these high quality zeolites types is expected to provide a competitive alternative for recycling the ever increasing quantity of fly ash produced in the South African coal-fired power plants. This approach will not only be environment friendly but could also be attractive from an economic point of view since the cost of disposal of fly ash could be offset by the income generated from the sale of the synthesized zeolitic materials.


Considering the characteristic of geotechnical engineering and the current construction of academic team in university,learner autonomy based on the academic team for geotechnical graduate student is discussed.It provides a new orientation for advanced geotechnical education.And it's a orientation for college education to incorporate cultivation of graduate students and construction of the academic team.The research contributes positively to the construction of innovative country.


Starting from the perspective of color,through analysis of specific cases,from the design purpose,the color of emotion,color and theme color logo of a four color design-oriented features of the display of the importance of space design,it summed up the exhibition space color design in the four basic functions,allowing designers to design in the future pay more attention to the design of color,more concerned with the important link between the exhibition space color design and the viewer,which made the guiding role of color better integrate into exhibition space design.


Based on the analyses for the characteristics of high precise GPS deformation monitoring, according to the spatial relationship among the satellites, base points and monitoring points, and using the carrier phases as the basic observations, and using the precise baseline vectors obtained in the first period observations between the base point and monitoring point as the initial condition, the similar single-difference mathematical model is advanced to solve the monitor point deformation information at single epoch. This model or methodology is abbreviated to SSDM. According to the SSDM theory, the GPS Deformation Monitor Information Quick Resolution Software, abbreviated to GQuickS, is developed successfully. The basic mathematical model of SSDM Methodology, the main functions of GQuickS, speed of the data processing by GQuickS, and characteristics of SSDM Methodology, are introduced in this paper.


The vegetables normally consumed by man in general have a negligible amount of vitamin B,2 (Lewis et al., 1949; Peeler et al., 1951). The vitamin B,2 content of milk is much lower than that of liver, meat, fish", and egg. Thus an average vegetarian diet may not have enough vitamin B12 to ensure optimum human nutrition. The vitamin B12 content of serum in vegetarians has been reported to be low (Wokes et al., 1955; Dhopeshwarkar et al., 1956; Chatterjea et al., 1959). In nutritional macrocytic anaemia (N.M.A.) a low concentration of serum vitamin B12 has been found in approximately 50% of cases (Das Gupta et al., 1955 ; Chatterjea, 1958). The main cause of vitamin-B12 deficiency in N.M.A. is held to be inadequacy of the diet (Das Gupta et al., 1953; Chatterjea, 1958) ; the possibility of an intestinal malabsorptive factor has also been raised (Baker, 1958). A significant proportion of the population of India may be categorized as vegetarian, due to social custom, to religious tenets, or to poor economic status. The average red-cell and haemoglobin levels of vegetarian Indians cannot, however, be regarded as significantly different from those of non-vegetarians in India or in other parts of the world (Sokhey et al., 1937, 1938; Das Gupta, 1949). In view of the above considerations, it was thought worth while to investigate the serum vitamin B12 in two groups of subjects-non-vegetarian and vegetarian-as seen in the general population and in those with haematological disorders. Material and Method The present communication deals with observations on 232 subjects, consisting of 61 normal persons, 67 with tropical eosinophilia, 39 with N.M.A., 35 with aplastic anaemia, and 30 with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The distribution of non-vegetarians and vegetarians is shown in the Tables. Subjects belonging to the vegetarian group were taking rice, wheat, vegetables, pulses, and milk, but no fish, meat, or egg. Each one of them had been taking the vegetarian diet for a period varying from 5 to 25 years. The daily consumption of milk was in general small, varying from 6 to 12 oz. (170 to 340 ml.) per head. The serum vitamin B12 was estimated by the method of Ross (1952), using Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris as the test organism. The total vitamin B12 content was expressed in micromicrograms per millilitre.


Soy protein isolate and potato starch were partially added to cold pressed soybean meal to develop high-moisture textured soy protein products by optimized extrusion technology and raw material system.The results showed that extrusion temperature,material moisture,content of soy protein isolate and potato starch had significant effects on product quality.The texturization degree,brilliance index,effective lysine content and water keeping ability were increased gradually with the increase of material moisture content and high forming temperature was needed at the same time,and the water binding capacity and tissue integrity were increased gradually with the addition of soy protein isolate as well.Starch was helpful to bond and extrusion moulding among textured soy protein,but the addition quantity should be strictly controlled,because high starch content would decrease the texturization degree of textured soybean protein.The optimum technology of raw material system and extrusion temperature was determined in this study as follows:soy protein isolate 20%,starch 5%,material moisture content 60%,and extrusion temperature 185 ℃.


This paper deals with the species discrimination of the Subfamily Cylleninae(Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from China seas.Anamals belonging to the subfamily are mainly distrbuted in the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans,and usually inhabit the intertidal zone to the shallow water seabed with sand or sediment bottom.Up to date,there are almost no systematic researches on this subfamily except for some sporadic reports in China.When the researcher sorted out the collections of Nassariidae specimen in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Qingdao),4 species of this subfamily were identified.Among them,one was undetermined species.In this paper,the morphological characteristics,ecological habits and geographical distribution of the four species were studied.The species are listed as follows: 1.Cyllene fuscata A.Adams,1851 2.Cyllene pulchella A.Adams et Reeve,1850 3.Cyllene rubrolineata Sowerby,1870 4.Cyllene sp.


Introduction 1. The Ethnography of Speaking 2. Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis 3. Turn Sequencing 4. Pragmatics 5. Gender and Language


In this issue, we present a special section on the use of CHO cell pools to produce material for Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicology studies and/or other non-clinical early development studies. While the approaches may vary, all have the common goal of making new biotherapeutics available to patients as early as possible while maintaining high standards for product safety. This goal aligns with "fast to clinic" paradigms that are already an integral part of biologics drug development at many companies. In addition, the novel strategy of using "pools for tox" enables earlier regulatory dossier submissions and shorter timelines to first-in-human (FIH) clinical trials than those achieved using traditional approaches. Material for GLP toxicology studies has typically been manufactured using a clonally-derived cell line, and this is usually the same cell line that will be used to manufacture the FIH/ phase I clinical material. This often leads to the toxicology studies being on critical path for moving toward FIH and limiting options for acceleration. The different strategies presented by the articles in this section range from uncloned pools to pooled mixtures of clones for producing early stage material for non-clinical studies. When pool-derived material was indicated for use in GLP toxicology studies, development timelines could be reduced by 3 to 6 months depending on the strategy employed. The potential risk of using pool-derived material for GLP tox studies was mitigated by showing that the product quality of the pool-derived material is representative of the clone-derived material used for the FIH clinical study. The articles in this section all focus on CHO cells for production of mAbs and, in one case, Fc-fusion proteins, yet there is diversity in both the approaches that were evaluated and the decisions taken for future directions. In "Evaluation of PiggyBac-Mediated CHO Pools to Enable Material Generation to Support GLP Toxicology Studies," pools generated by transposon-mediated gene integration are each shown to be comparable to a pool of the top four clones producing the same mAb, while further reducing the development timeline. The article "Strategic Deployment of CHO Expression Platforms to Deliver Pfizer's Monoclonal Antibody Portfolio" 2 describes the random integration and site-specific integration platforms for cell line development and evaluation of material produced by pools derived from each platform. In all of the articles, at least one variation of a pool population is compared to clones producing the same mAb (or Fc-fusion protein) and the implications of the data are discussed. In some cases, mixtures of clones are described, while other examples speak to the degree of homogeneity of uncloned pools. While introducing different approaches for achieving the earlier availability of non-clinical material, the articles in this section all touch on these three important considerations for development programs: speed to clinic, productivity requirements, and representative product quality. As noted in the articles, acceleration of early development timelines is a major enabler of a faster path to FIH clinical trials and delivering new biotherapeutics to patients in a more timely manner. It can be noted, though, that if the GLP toxicology study is not on the critical path, acceleration for this study may not always lead to an accelerated FIH study. These manuscripts also highlight the importance of product quality rather than the specific cell source for generation of material for early development. At the same time, it is important to understand the level of risk of the chosen approach on the specific development program and the associated regulatory approval strategy. Taken together, this group of articles demonstrates that there are different strategies that can be employed to produce non-clinical material early in development of biologics, which, in turn, has the potential to significantly reduce the time to entering the clinic. This section represents an atypical sharing of data and approaches across some major players in the biotechnology industry. We are grateful for the editors, Mike Domach and Elizabeth Gilliard, for providing Biotechnology Progress as the platform for this sharing as well as for their reviewing and editing efforts. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Chetan Goudar as instrumental in coordinating between the authors and the editors. Finally, readers interested in the subject of clonality should remain alert for the next issue. There, articles on the technology of selecting clones and a commentary on the robustness of statistical assumptions will appear.


AbstractA survey was conducted on the first group of secondary school students taking computer studies in Hong Kong. Stepwise discriminant analysis, contingency table analysis and analysis of variances are applied to investigate the students' responses to the computer studies subject. Topics such as factors causing students to lose interest in the subject, factors affecting students' desires to pursue further computer education or to take computer-related jobs, and the effects of possession of microcomputers at home are studied.


The present invention provides an apparatus for electronically making at least a portion of a medical report. The device implements a question tree (Q) comprising a plurality of largely interrelated question node, and a report node tree (RN), comprising a plurality of report node, wherein at least one of the report node comprises a text template and / or represents. Wherein the apparatus further comprises an engine (50) which is adapted to receive input associated with a selected question node in relation to store input to identify at least one associated with the selected question affected nodes report node, and a property, in particular insert a visibility property of changing the at least one report of at least one node concerned, and preferably the received input in either the at least one report affected nodes and / or the selected question node and / or store therein. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a medical electronic report and a computer readable device for implementing the method.


The harbour town of Saint-Nazaire on the Atlantic coast of Brittany in northern France remains divided both by its memories and its built environment. Manuel de Sola-Morales describes how his Ville-Port project seeks to address the structural, visual and mnemonic divisions that have grown up over time between a working port and seaside resort. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A systematic study of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of thiazoleboronic esters under microwave conditions is presented. Boronic acid esters were prepared in the 4- and 5-position of the thiazole ring and subsequently cross-coupled with a number of different (hetero)aryl halides. Yields of the coupling process depended on the reactivity of the boronic acid at the particular position in the thiazole system, as hydrolysis and subsequent deboronation was found to be a major side reaction.


Little information exists concerning underrepresented students' talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. This retrospective qualitative study investigated the talent development processes of five Black, seven Hispanic, and three Native American graduate students enrolled in STEM disciplines. All participants completed three individual, 1-hr interviews. Inductive thematic analysis revealed participants experienced challenges throughout their schooling, including chilly atmosphere in STEM disciplines, sense of loneliness, imposter syndrome, and pressure to prove themselves as capable. Despite these obstacles, participants benefited from academic rigor in STEM, gifted education programs, and extended support networks from families, friends, and mentors. Participants also developed a strong sense of responsibility for community service and social justice. Implications for research and practice are discussed.


The recent adjudication of whether it is permissible to convict a person for genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide for the same events aptly demonstrates Justice Hassan Bubacar Jallow's pursuit of justice at the international level. As the Chief Prosecutor of the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) since 2003, Justice Jallow has led the investigation and prosecution of persons alleged to be responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law during the violence that engulfed Rwanda in 1994. In 2011, the Office of the Prosecutor of the ICTR ("Prosecution") appealed the decision of an ICTR Trial Chamber to convict Jean-Baptiste Gatete for genocide but not for conspiracy to commit genocide despite finding that the accused person was responsible for both crimes. The Prosecution argued that the Trial Chamber "had a duty to enter convictions for both crimes to fully capture the [accused's] entire criminal culpability, and to respect the mandate of this Tribunal established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious international crimes."1 This chapter will trace the Prosecution's successful appeal in the JeanBaptiste Gatete case before the ICTR. To set the appeal in its proper context, the chapter will first provide a brief overview of jurisprudence of the ICTR and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) relating to cumulative convictions. The chapter will then turn to the Gatete case at the trial level, identifying the reasons for the Trial Chamber's decision to enter a conviction for genocide but not for conspiracy. Next, the chapter will set out the related submissions of both parties on appeal before presenting the Appeals Chamber's analysis and resolution of the appeal.


Received: 05/Jan/2019, Accepted: 14/Feb/2019, Online: 28/Feb/2019 Abstract—Southwest monsoon rainfall has an undeviating effect on Indian economy. Different climatic conditions across India affect the monsoon at different places in different ways. Hence, it becomes important to study the factors related to the monsoon rainfall at a microscopic level. Our study concentrates on Nagpur, the geographical centre of India. In this paper we have found that the onset date of southwest monsoon in Nagpur city is not uniformly distributed over the month of June by using Chi-square goodness of fit test. An interesting result about the interconnectivity between arrival of heat wave and southwest monsoon is obtained using Chi-square test of independence. The relation between evapotranspiration and ground water level is also explored. It is found that the type of vegetation at a place majorly affects its ground water level. Multiple Linear Regression is also used to find the factors significantly affecting the amount of precipitation in the region and established a model for future rainfall prediction.


The authors report a new locality in the Netherlands (Zeeland) in which Campanula latifolia L. has been found. A description of the vegetation of the site is given and the habitat is compared with the environments in which this species occurs in other countries of Europe. A map of the distributional area was drawn according to the floras of the European countries. So far, the species has been found several times in the Netherlands, but botanists considered such occurrences as incidental escapes (cultivated plants running wild). The data about Dutch localities are analysed and it is demonstrated that the presumption (by the collector or by later interpreters) that the species on the locality would be running wild, in a number of cases does not hold. From the information obtained the conclusion is drawn that, in the Netherlands, Campanula latifolia is either (and probably) a native species, or else an agriophyte (naturalized and completely adapted to native vegetation), but (apart from possible exceptions) not a species incidentally running wild.


The extraordinary action of protection has a leading role in the Ecuadorian constitutional justice, due to the high number of cases that the Court must resolve. This has caused a change in the social perception of the Court, which goes from being a body linked to the objective protection of the constitutional order, to be understood as a body directed to the protection of subjective rights. This situation entails problems regarding the volume of litigation, the capacity for responding in a reasonable time. The author reviews the experience of the German Constitutional Court, the Spanish Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. However, the author concludes that in the Ecuadorian case it does not make sense to objectify an instrument of protection of fundamental rights in the first years of validity of the Constitution, if the court has not developed sufficient jurisprudence about the interpretation and application of those fundamental rights. Instead, the author suggests the application of organizational measures that would make the management of the Court more efficient.


Family–professional partnerships (FPPs) are an important, federally mandated part of the American education system that benefit all students, but especially students with disabilities. Although special education teacher preparation programs offer a viable and sustainable way to enhance FPPs, little is known about the degree to which these programs address FPPs within their curricula. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which special education teacher preparation programs address FPPs. A total of 113 special education faculty members across 52 institutions responded to a national online survey addressing this topic. Results indicated (a) a disconnect in the value and implementation of FPP-related knowledge and skills at the program and individual faculty levels and (b) patterns of inconsistent FPP-related content coverage across undergraduate and graduate offerings as well as across FPP-specific and non-FPP-specific coursework. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


A near-field finite element model of a storage tank that considers soil-structure dynamic interaction and fluid-solid coupling effect is established in this study. Artificial boundaries are adopted to simulate the wave radiation effect of the semi-infinite foundation. The seismic wave input method based on the substructure of the artificial boundary is used to input the seismic waves into the numerical model. Then, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic response of the liquid storage tank is investigated. The results show that the natural frequencies of the storage tank-liquid coupled system become lower when the soil-structure interaction is considered. Compared with the model without considering soil-structure interaction, there are additional vibration modes in which the soil participates. Affected by the different spectral components of the incident seismic waves and the change of the natural frequencies of the liquid storage tank, soil-structure interaction has different influences on the peak seismic response under different incident seismic waves and liquid storage volumes. For the subsequent responses after the peak seismic response, the scattered waves generated by the interaction between the foundation and the storage tank propagate outward and are eventually absorbed by the artificial boundaries when considering soil-structure interaction. It results in a rapid attenuation of the subsequent vibration amplitudes of the storage tank and the internal liquid.


Chronic ankle instability is a clinical problem frequently seen in athletes. Various complicated mechanical and neuromuscular factors seem to be involved in chronic ankle instability. The purpose of this special communication is to revisit the concept of functional ankle instability and to discuss its clinical relevance. The 2 hypothesized causes of chronic ankle instability have been labelled mechanical instability and functional instability. Mechanical instability (MI) is defined as ankle movement beyond the physiologic limit of the ankle's range of motion. The term ''laxity'' is often used synonymously with MI. Functional instability (FI) is defined as the subjective feeling of ankle instability or recurrent, symptomatic ankle sprains (or both) due to proprioceptive and neuromuscular deficits.


The liberalisation of the rules covering postal voting attracted a good deal of attention during the 2005 general election campaign, including several allegations of fraud and malpractice. This article uses both survey and aggregate-level data to examine the increase in the numbers of postal voters and its impact on both turnout and party choice at that election. It demonstrates the legacy of the all-postal voting pilots held between 2000 and 2004 in prompting a rise in the postal electorate, and a consequent reduction in the correlation between constituency marginality and turnout. In general, however, postal voting on demand did not prove to be a panacea for the turnout 'problem' and had only a very weak effect on the distribution of party support.


Informatization of education is an inevitable requirement of educational reform in today's era. Colleges and universities should focus on serving regional industries and local economic development, and must be in line with the modernization and informationization of education, as training base for talents as successors and builders in the new era with innovative spirit. The fusion of industry and education proposes new guidelines to construct school-enterprise collaborative education platform and integration of industrial chain and academic chain. By using the fusion of industry and education to enhance higher education quality for colleges and universities, Tarim university construct the competency-based talent cultivation mechanism through the introduction of virtual simulation in the experiments teaching of the principles of chemical engineering, optimizing the curriculum system, adopting virtual reality courses, promoting reform of the practice teaching, building platforms for practice and innovation, training "double-skilled" teachers and establishing safeguard measures for talents training. Thus, providing guidance and demonstration for the cultivation of applied talents with innovative spirits in colleges and universities.


Abstract : The U. S. Air Force Bare Base Mobility Program involves a highly mobile force of 1000 to 6000 men who can be moved any place in the world on a very short notice. The support systems for this force include a wastewater treatment system which can treat wastewaters to the required degree prior to discharge to the environment. The wastewaters which are generated at a bare base include photographic, aircraft and vehicle washrack, human, shower and lavatory, hospital, dining room, kitchen and laundry wastewaters. A waste treatment system which involves (1) separate collection and incineration of human waste, and (2) treatment of all wastewaters except concentrated photographic wastes in a system which includes chemical clarification, flotation, filtration, activated carbon adsorption and chlorination is recommended. The sludge, concentrated photographic waste and the skimmings from the aircraft and vehicle washrack wastes are incinerated and the ash from the incinerator is disposed of on land.


The effects of adding alkan-1-ols to surfactant-silicate gels during the synthesis of mesoporous silica MCM-41 are reported. Upon adding an optimal amount of medium carbon chain length alkan-1-ols (C
 m

H
 2m+1
OH, C
 m

OH; m≥4) to quaternary ammonium halides C
 n

H
 2n+1
TMAX (n=10-14, C
 n

TMAX, X=Br or Cl)-silicate systems, a marked improvement in the hexagonal order and the morphology of the synthesized MCM-41 materials was found. The optimal amount of added C
 m

H
 2m+1
OH for the formation of well ordered hexagonal structure was found to decrease with increasing carbon chain length of the C
 n

H
 2n+1
TMAX surfactant and C
 m

H
 2m+1
OH. However, when an excessive amount of alcohol is added, the mesostructure obtained from the longer carbon chain length C
 n

H
 2n+1
TMAX-silicate (n≥12) systems becomes lamellar. The addition of C
 m

OH (m≥4) offers a new synthetic approach to form lamellar-hexagonal liquid crystal intermediates necessary for synthesizing tubules-within-tubule (TWT) hierarchical structures whose morphology and size can be controlled by varying the water content and the C
 m

H
 2m+1
OH/surfactant ratio.


This work was carried out on the background related to the development of ethics and conceptual analysis of the quality of medical care, in order to analyze the importance of ethics as a key element in the quality of care. Medical ethics has been known since antiquity and has been commensurate with the particular circumstances, environmental conditions and the dominant philosophical thought of each period. The great changes in medicine in the scientific, technological, social and economic spheres, have contributed to the dehumanization and to increase the distance between doctor and patient. The foregoing is sustained in that nearly half of the reports of dissatisfaction among patients for the health services received is due to communication disorders. Throughout the history of mankind several documents have been created in order to govern the conduct of the doctors, as the Hippocratic Oath, which constitutes the most commonly cited code that guides the ethical conduct of health professionals. There is a dialectical relationship between medical ethics and quality, the first being a vital link in the quality of health services. Thus the fulfillment of the principles of medical ethics govern the conduct of health professionals towards service excellence. So both are priority strategies for the development of health institutions.


x Introduction: In the beginning, The End 1 Chapter One: The ABCs of The Drowned World 6 Chapter Two: Mapping The Drowned World 64 Chapter Three: It's all about Eve 97 Chapter Four: Soon it would be too hot 119 Chapter Five: The ruined city 154 Conclusion: At the end, new beginnings 205


Complex number exists as the supplement of the real number set, providing mathematicians insights and practical ways to solve the problems whose solutions were beyond what mathematicians and physicians had known prior to the 18th century. Complex analysis is a subject that deals with the basic notions of mathematical analysis: differentiation and integration, going back to Newton, in the context of functions that are defined and take values in the complex plane. This essay provides a summary of geometric and algebraic properties of complex numbers to facilitate readers to comprehend the integral of complex functions. We'll discuss about first, the basic definition and algebraic properties of complex number; second, operations and analysis of functions on complex plane; third, integrals along curves on complex planes. And at last, we'll prove some theorems about complex series.


: The role of attachment insecurity in the development and quality of romantic relationships is well-established in the literature. However, not all mechanisms linking the constructs have been sufficiently explored. In this study, we used dyadic coping as a potential mediator between attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) and relational satisfaction and commitment. 147 individuals took part in the investigation. We found that attachment anxiety was negatively related to relational satisfaction and that attachment avoidance was negatively linked to commitment. The analyses also indicate that dyadic coping mediates the association between attachment avoidance and satisfaction. The results suggest that attachment insecurity decreases the levels of satisfaction and commitment, but dyadic coping can explain this effect only for avoidance.


T he following quote is from U.S. Geological Survey, "The Science of Harmful Algal Blooms," October 2016: "Toxic cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) have caused human and animal illness and death in at least 43 states in the United States (Graham et al., 2009; Hudnell, 2008). In August 2016, there were public health advisories in at least 19 states on cyanoHABs (U.S. Geological Survey, 2016). The toxins produced by some species of cyanobacteria (called cyanotoxins) cause acute and chronic illnesses in humans. The HABs can adversely affect aquatic ecosystem health, both directly through the presence of these toxins and indirectly through the low dissolved oxygen concentrations and changes in aquatic food webs caused by an overabundance of cyanobacteria. Economic damages related to cyanoHABs include the loss of recreational revenue, decreased property values, and increased drinking water treatment costs."


claims of Muhammad and accepting the Qur'an as a word of God. Throughout thebook, one senses that the author is adhering to self-imposed limits, carefully avoiding any difficult topics that might upset the sensibilities of Muslim readers. He has clearlyconducted and written up his research through the filter of his own pluralist theocentricviews of interfaith relations, which readers need to be aware of in engaging with this work. If read critically, however, this book can provide a useful window into emerging Catholicapproaches to interfaith relations, although it should be acknowledged that many Catholic theologians would not be comfortablewith the author's conclusions in this work. -Peter G. Riddell


In the work and history of the social sciences it has been routinely assumed that for any class of socially specifiable events, a processlproduct (Garfinkel, 1967) operation is presumed to govern the movement from incipient states (process) to distinct sorts of actionable outcomes (product). A particular reigning variety of the processlproduct outcome operation has been of the sort furnished to us in studies of cognitive psychology in its formalization of the tie between knowledge and understanding (Pask, 1978; Kalechofsky, 1978), and of the sort which has prevailed in current learning theories (Guthrie, 1952; Hull, 1943, Tolman 1952; Voss, 1977) and in perceptual studies (Frederiksen, 1977; Rothkopf, 1977; Gison, 1950). Though sociologists have forcibly shunned cognitive process product outcome distinctions in an effort to come to terms with learning (Bandura, 1975), knowledge (Bemstein, 1975) or understanding (Dallmayr et d, 1977), they have been unable to make strong organizational assertions conceming either knowledge or understanding. It is the purpose of this paper to make knowledge objects available for sociological study and report. We aim at an analysis of the sort as would serve to make warranted a class of normative statements concerning the organization of knowledge events and what might constitute an exhibit of their understanding. Though we do not make knowledge objects available in any definitive way, say as a discrete class of things (at least not at this time), a programme is proposed in which recommendations are made about the sorts of materials where they may


An experiment  arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment levels  replicated four times was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Crop  Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri Nigeria to investigate the  potentials of Piper guineensis in the control of mold fungus attacking maize  seed in storage. Maize variety (DMRD – yellow) and P. guineensis seeds  were used for the experiment. The maize seeds were sun-dried for 7days, weighed  and put in an air-tight plastic container.   The P. guineensis seeds were also sun-dried for 7days, grounded  into powder and measured out in the following treatment levels 0g, 10g, 20g,  30g and 40g. The experiment was allowed to stand for 30 days when the following  parameters were recorded; number of weevil-damaged seeds in each treatment;  number of weevil per treatment; number of discolored maize seeds.  Results showed that application of P.  guineensis seed powder extract was effective in controlling maize weevil ( Sitophilus  zeamaise ). However, there was significant difference in the effectiveness  of the different treatment levels of the powder extract and the control  treatment. Treated levels with 10g - 40g powder extracts were effective in  controlling maize weevil than the untreated control (0g). Similarly, P.  guineensis seed powder extract was observed to be effective in the control  of mold fungus in stored maize seeds, with the highest level of treatment (40g)  yielding the best control of the mold and the 10g treatment level the lowest  (10g). It is recommended that P.guineensis powder extract can be used in  the control of both maize weevil and mold in the storage.


The primary computational challenge when simulating nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics is the unfavourable compute costs of electronic structure calculations with molecular size. Simple electronic structure theories, like time-dependent density functional theory within the Tamm–Dancoff approximation (TDDFT/TDA), alleviate this cost for moderately sized molecular systems simulated on realistic time scales. Although TDDFT/TDA does have some limitations in accuracy, an appealing feature is that, in addition to including electron correlation through the use of a density functional, the cost of calculating analytic nuclear gradients and nonadiabatic coupling vectors is often computationally feasible even for moderately sized basis sets. In this work, some of the benefits and limitations of TDDFT/TDA are discussed and analysed with regard to its applicability as a 'back-end' electronic structure method for the symmetric quasi-classical Meyer–Miller model (SQC/MM). In order to investigate the benefits and limitations of TDDFT/TDA, SQC/MM is employed to predict and analyse a prototypical example of excited-state hydrogen transfer in gas-phase malonaldehyde. Then, the ring-opening dynamics of selenophene are simulated, which highlight some of the deficiencies of TDDFT/TDA. Additionally, some new algorithms are proposed that speed up the calculation of analytic nuclear gradients and nonadiabatic coupling vectors for a set of excited electronic states. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In some industrial plants, wastewater was intermittently or seasonally generated. There may be periods during which wastewater treatment facilities have to be set into an idle phase over several weeks. When wastewater was generated again, the activated sludge flocs may have disintegrated. In this experiment, re-activation characteristics of aerobic granular sludge starved for 2 months were investigated.Specific oxygen utilization rate(SOUR) was used as an indicator to evaluate the metabolic activity of the sludge. The results revealed that aerobic granular sludge could be stored up to two months without running the risk of losing the integrity of the granules and metabolic potentials. The apparent color of aerobic granules stored at room temperature gradually turned from brownish-yellowish to gray brown.They appeared brownish-yellowish again 2 weeks after re-activation. The velocity and strength of granules after 2-month idle period could achieved. A stable effluent COD concentration of less than 150 mg/L was achieved during the re-activation process.


This paper is a demographic and dialectological study of spoken Tamil in South Africa. It is based on fieldwork conducted in KwaZulu-Natal (in Durban, Pietermaritzburg and Umkomaas) between 1990 and 1992. It provides information about Tamil speakers brought from the Madras Presidency to South Africa in the period 1860–1911. The paper aims to characterise the spoken variety that evolved on the plantations of Natal in terms of its dialectal ancestry. Is it a blend of features from the Tamil speaking areas in India, or are particular regions within Tamil Nadu more influential? The same question can be asked of social origins: are some caste varieties better represented than others in the South African offshoot? The paper proposes that South African Tamil is similar to the Northern dialect of Tamil. In terms of social dialectology the evidence is less clear, but a tentative claim is that the South African offshoot avoids the extremities of caste variants of India.


The methods of quantitative response scales and sequential analysis for organoleptic tests were employed to quantitatively evaluate the bitterness and astringency of tea infusions. Flavor characteristic curves (the relationship between taste intensity and concentration) of EGCG and caffeine were established. The mathematical functions of bitterness and astringency were built based on three main compounds namely EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-O- gallate), caffeine and rutin, and the interactions of the three compounds on bitterness and astringency were examined. The results showed that rutin could increase the bitterness of caffeine, but it had no effect on flavor of EGCG, while caffeine could enhance astringency of EGCG. The functions were used to discover the mysteries of heavy bitterness and astringency of green tea produced in Sichuan province. The results from the quantification of main tastants and flavor of twenty tea samples showed that the functions could give the explanation of 78 to 137 percents to the bitterness and 68 to 144 percents to the astringency. The heavy bitterness and astringency of Sichuan green tea were mainly caused by high contents of EGCG and caffeine.


At the moment the National Center of Metrology (CENAM) develops to the necessary technology for the creation of a frequency standard of high accuracy denominated CsF1 atomic fountain. The first stage of development of this clock consists of laser cooling and trapping neutral Cs-133 atoms. The mechanism of laser cooling and trapping of atoms requires of the accomplishment of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) in where is indispensable to maintain a strict control in its parameters of operation. In this experiment, the MOT operates with three set of red detuning |6 2 s 1/2 , F=4|-> |6 2 s 3/2 , F'=5| cyclical transition of Cs-133, mutually orthogonal, counterpropagating laser beams, with opposite circular polarization, intersecting at the center of a magnetic field which is generated by a pair of coil in anti-Helmholtz configuration. Additionally, a beam of light that comes from a repumping laser, tuned to the frequency of the |6 2 s 1/2 , F=3|->|6 2 s 3/2 , F'=4| transition of Cs-133, is injected to the MOT to maintain an atoms population in the |6 2 s 1/2 , F=4| state. To cool and trap atoms to so low temperatures, of the order of the microkelvins on the zero absolute, by several seconds, minutes or even by several hours, provided the fundamentals tools to us to study the temporal and spatial behavior of the fluorescence of the atomic cloud and to make exact measurements in the count of such, in order to deduce the parameters of operation of the MOT that allows us to trap 10 10 atoms or more. In this work the theoretical concepts as well as the experimental details of the parameters of operation of the MOT for the formation of the cold atom cloud are approached.


We study the end-point of the Electroweak phase transition using the auxiliary mass method. The end point is $m_H\sim40$ (GeV) in the case $m_t=0$ (GeV) and strongly depends on the top quark mass. A first order phase transition disappears at $m_t\sim 160$ (GeV). The renormalization effect of the top quark is significant.


Wireless backhaul, i.e., in-band distribution links (IDL) and inter-tower communications networks (ITCN) were previously proposed as key enabling technologies for the next-generation digital broadcasting systems, e.g., the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 system. Both ITCN/IDL can be operated in the spectrum-efficient in-band full-duplex (IBFD) mode and the same frequency band is shared between the broadcast service signal and the ITCN/IDL signals. It is desirable to integrate multi-input multi-output (MIMO) into ITCN/IDL transmission to increase the throughput and reduce the portion of spectrum occupation by ITCN/IDL. However, due to the backward compatibility constraint, conventional symmetrical MIMO techniques cannot be applied directly to the existing broadcast infrastructure without affecting legacy receivers. In this paper, the practical implementation of a non-symmetrical MIMO for ITCN/IDL while maintaining backward compatibility is considered. In addition to the existing broadcasting antenna, the non-symmetrical MIMO comprises an additional low-power RF feeder cable and one or more highly directional antennas to achieve low-cost MIMO implementation for high throughput data distribution and inter-tower communications. When the broadcast service signal and the MIMO signal are multiplexed in Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) format, the signal structure is ATSC 3.0 standard compliant. When the broadcast service signal and the MIMO signal are multiplexed in Layer Division Multiplexing (LDM) format, modification of the ATSC 3.0 standard, i.e., introducing a new pilot encoding scheme, is required. Moreover, MIMO self-interference cancellation (SIC) is investigated for IBFD operation.


Objective To estimate the disease burden after ice and snow disasters in SX County in Southern China′s one province and to provide the evidence on reducing disease burden during ice and snow disaster.Methods The disaster period was defined as January 13 to February 8,2008.We reviewed hospitalization records in all township and county level hospitals in SX County to identify all deaths,bone fractures,carbon monoxide(CO) poisonings and heart attacks.We compared the data between the disaster period and the same time period during the previous years.Census data were used as the denominator for calculating rates.Results Compared to the average mortality rate of the same period during 2006 and 2007,the total excess mortality rate and circulatory system excess mortality and CO poisoning excess mortality during the disaster were 0.98/10,000 and 0.49/10,000 and 0.35 /10,000 respectively.Compared to the average morbidity rate of the same period during 2004 and 2007,the total excess morbidity rate of infection disease associated with the ice and snow disaster during the disaster was-3.75/100,000.Compared to the average incidence rate of the same period during 2007,the incidence rate of emergency treatment at the survey area during the disaster increased 0.98‰,and the outpatient rate of the medical institutions decreased 2.1‰,and the hospitalization rate of the medical institutions decreased 0.11‰.On the other hand,the outpatient rate of the emergency department of medical institutions increased 0.08‰,the hospitalization rates of fracture patients and circulatory system patients increased 0.41‰ and 0.16‰ respectively.Conclusions The ice and snow disasters contribute to specific increases in morbidity and mortality.Cold weather disaster preparedness should focus on preventing and alleviating specific cold-weather related conditions,particularly CO poisoning.


This paper compares a push-pull resonant inverter with a half-bridge resonant inverter for cold cathode fluorescent lamps. The push-pull resonant inverter is fabricated with an input inductor, a center-tapped transformer, a parallel resonant capacitor and two bipolar junction transistors, whereas the halfbridge resonant inverter comprises a series resonant capacitor, a transformer and two metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Nevertheless, both inverters behave zero-voltage-switching and current-output characteristics. This paper depicts the features and compares the efficiency of the inverters with experiments. The experimental results show the voltage-fed half-bridge resonant inverter exhibits a better efficiency than the current-fed push-pull resonant inverter.


The Standard Model of particle physics successfully describes the elementary particles and their interactions at low energies, up to 100 GeV. Beyond this scale lies the realm of new physics needed to remedy problems that arise at higher energies, the TeV scale and above. Supersymmetry (SUSY) is the most favored extension of the Standard Model that solves many of its limitations, if predicted SUSY particles exist at the TeV scale. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has opened a new phase of exploration into new physics at the TeV scale after increasing the center-of-mass energy of the proton-proton collisions to 13 TeV. The ATLAS experiment has collected this collision data with over 90% efficiency due to the excellent performance of many of its systems, in particular the data acquisition system. The work described in this dissertation ensures the efficient collection of ATLAS data as well as the analysis of this data to search for SUSY. The search for strongly produced supersymmetric particles decaying into final states with multiple energetic jets and either two leptons (electrons or muons) with the same electric charge or at least three leptons was performed using the proton-proton collision dataset of 36 fb$^{-1}$ at 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. Due to the low Standard Model background, these final states are particularly adapted to searches for gluinos or third generation squarks in several supersymmetric production topologies determined from a variety of simplified and phenomenological models. The absence of excess over the Standard Model prediction is interpreted in terms of limits on the masses of superpartners derived at 95% confidence level. In the studied decay modes and depending on the decay topology, the existence of gluinos with masses below 1.9 TeV, sbottoms with masses below 700 GeV, and neutralinos with masses below 1.2 TeV are excluded.


INTRODUCTIONIn recent decades, family life has been transformed by more effective birth control, women's stronger presence in higher education and paid work, global labour markets, and greater emphasis on personal choice and individual fulfillment. These changes in the larger society have encouraged more consensual relationships, delayed childbirth and declining fertility (Beck-Gemsheim 2002, Lewis 2003). At the same time, women's delayed childbirth and certain lifestyle choices have increased fertility problems. Medical interventions now permeate the entire childbearing experience but new technologies permit more low fertility couples to reproduce and enable more women to bear children outside nuclear families.Fertility clinics have been established throughout the world and more people are turning to them for help with conception. Fertility treatments began in the 1960s and the first 'testtube' baby was born in 1978 in Britain. Since then, a wide range of procedures have now become routine, such as egg retrieval, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and re-implantation into a woman's womb (Coney and Else 1999: 1), although Australian data indicates that only 1.7% of all babies are born with assisted conception (Ford et al 2003). Nevertheless, frozen sperm and embryos now make conception possible after their donor's death, postmenopausal women can bear children, and potential parents can contract 'surrogates' to bear children for them (ibid). Assisted conception also enables more single and lesbian women to reproduce outside nuclear families, and sperm or egg donation and surrogacy could alter generational lines and parental roles. Generally, new reproductive and genetic technologies have to potential to radically transform family life (Eichler 1996).While technology permits both childless marriages and greater childbearing options, social pressure to reproduce continues. This includes the implicit assumption that all 'normal' adults will develop permanent intimate relationships, will want to reproduce, and will actually become parents (Veevers 1980, Morell 1994, Cameron, 1997). Many people still dream of what they consider to be a normal family, with a committed marriage and their own biological children. In fact, social research suggests that most heterosexual couples assume that they will have children when they find a suitable partner (May 1995, Daniluk 2001, Exley and Letherby 2001). Consequently, unexpected infertility causes considerable anxiety and selfdoubt, especially when having children is synonymous with adulthood.The media and some sociologists focus on the radical potential of reproductive technologies to change family life and the wider society. However, this paper questions the extent of social change generated by medically assisted conception by showing how it is actually being used in New Zealand by ordinary people with fertility problems. Five themes are drawn from qualitative interviews with men and women seeking treatment in Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. These include the close link between fertility and identity, the marital stress associated with the inability to conceive, social exclusion felt by those who cannot reproduce, the increasing normalization of medically assisted conception, and negative visions of life without children. Through a discussion of these interview themes, combined with overseas research, I argue that medically assisted conception is more likely to reproduce nuclear families with gendered roles than to become a revolutionary force altering the family as an institution. Before the details of the New Zealand research are discussed, the radical potential of reproductive technologies needs to be further outlined.THE RADICAL POTENTIAL OF REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIESFor years, various medical interventions such as anesthetics, episiotomies, inductions and caesarean sections have been used,in childbirth but these procedures are becoming widespread with more babies delivered by obstetricians in hospitals and the development of new reproductive technologies (Tew 1998). …


We demonstrate strong performance enhancement of an all polarization-maintaining fiber oscillator mode-locked using NPE in a linear self-stabilized fiber interferometer via suppression of cross-phase modulation (XPM). Numerical simulations reveal that XPM significantly affects the saturable absorber dynamics resulting in distortions of mode-locked steady-states. In the experiment, we construct an oscillator with XPM suppression, employing an intra-cavity YVO4 crystal, and compare its characteristics with a reference oscillator in standard configuration. It is shown, that XPM suppression not only lowers the mode-locking threshold by more than 40%, but further results in improved spectral pulse quality at the output ports and reduced nonlinear loss of the artificial saturable absorber.


A 46 year old man with coeliac disease and upper airway obstruction was thought to have undifferentiated carcinoma of the trachea. Subsequent immunohistological examination showed that the neoplasm was a T cell lymphoma. He had combination chemotherapy and is alive and well seven years after diagnosis.


Sociological Perspectives on Organic Agriculture provides a rich understanding of the development and growth of organic food production and marketing as a social movement over a quarter of a century, along with current research on a variety of topics related to the organic movement and organic marketing. The purpose of the book is to reflect on the role of rural sociology in explaining the growth and development of organic agriculture and current trends. The book emanates from research conducted by a growing community of experience and contributions from members of the society and participants at the European Society of Rural Sociology meeting in Sligo, Ireland, in 2003 and the International Rural Sociology Association meeting in Trondheim, Norway, in 2004.


Objective
To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 on electrophysiology in myocardial infarction-heart failure rats and mechanism.

Methods
Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, myocardial infarction (MI) group, MI+Ex-4 group, MI+Ex-4+Ex9-39 group. The methods of creating MI was ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Echocardiographic measurements were assessed four weeks after MI surgery and telemetry probe was implanted in the abdominal cavity of rats to record heart signals in conscious. The monophasic action potential and the induction ratio of ventricular arrhythmia were assessed in MI border zone in langendorff-perfused hearts. The expression of calcium handling proteins was detected by western blotting method.

Results
Compared with MI group, cardiac function was improved, ventricular arrhythmia was decreased in ambulatory ECG recording and the incidence of Burst-pacing induced ventricular arrhythmia was decreased in MI+Ex-4 group (P<0.05) . Meanwhile, the expression of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) , phosphorylated phospholamban (p-PLB) , Cav1.2 were increased, and the expression of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) was decreased in MI+Ex-4 group (P<0.05) . Exendin9-39 abolished the effects of exedin-4 (P<0.05) .

Conclusion
GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 ameliorates electrical remodeling which may associated with the effects of stabilization of calcium handling proteins.

Key words:
Receptors, glucagon; Myocardial infarction; Cardiac electrophysiology


Collaborative representation based classification (CRC) has gained popularity in recent years, but the conventional features could not effectively handle the variations of pose and occlusion such as sunglass. In this paper, the deep convolution neural network (DCNN) is introduced in the feature extraction to tackle the facial deformation, particularly, such as pose variation. After analysis on the feasibility of the dictionary construction on DCNN based features, a DCNN feature based occlusion dictionary computing algorithm is then presented to tackle the face recognition with occlusion. Experiments on representative face databases with variations of pose and occlusion demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm scheme. Keywords-face recognition;sparse representation; collaborative representation;deep learning


By using magnetic anomaly identifications, onshore and offshore exploratory wells, ODP drillings, isotopic dating and orthochronology results, this paper summarizes the tectonic event sequence (including extension, back‐arc spreading, subsidence, convergence/compressive deformation and thrusting) of the marginal basins of the NW Pacific and extracted sequence patterns of the marginal basins according to the tectonic event sequence from an array of oil company regional seismic lines and other geological data. Three important evolutionary stages of the Northwestern Pacific (NW Pacific) marginal sea basins are distinguished: from the Palaeocene to Eocene, from Oligocene to Middle Miocene and from the later Middle Miocene to the present day. Each stage corresponds to a rifting sequence (Palaeocene to Eocene), a drifting sequence (Oligocene to Middle Miocene) and a subsidence/convergence sequence (later Middle Miocene to the present day). The rifting sequence and drifting sequence developed sequentially in the South China Sea Basin, from Palaeocene to Eocene and from Oligocene to Middle Miocene, while in the Japan and Okhotsk Sea basins, an early stage rifting sequence was not developed in the Palaeocene to Eocene interval. However, the drifting and rifting sequence developed synchronously from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene. From the Later Miocene time, all the marginal basins of the Northwest Pacific basically stopped drifting and began to enter the subsidence (post‐drifting) stage. An arc‐continent collision from the south caused the formation of a convergence sequence in the southern margin of each marginal basin. The NW Pacific Plate collision with the Kuril–Kamchatka Arc led to the deformation of the subsidence sequence in the southern margin of the Kuril Sea Basin. The NW Pacific Plate convergence with the Japan Arc led to the formation of a convergence sequence in the southern margin of the Japan Sea Basin. The Borneo–Palawan Arc convergence with the Dangerous Grounds–Reed Bank Block in the South China Sea Basin from 15 Ma led to the formation of the convergence sequence in the southern margin of the South China Sea Basin. The degree of thrusting deformation of the convergent sequence increased gradually from north to south in the marginal basins of the Northwest Pacific. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Gill nets fishery are potentially selective and therefore use as a sampling gear if mesh sizes are rightly chosen in order to conserve the young and developing fishes. Precautionary approach towards Conserving and sustaining renewable aquatic resources is the best for exploitation of the cheapest sources of animal protein in sub-Sahara region. This paper gives inventory of the existing fishing gears and methods commonly in use and impacts of gill net fishery interms of mesh sizes selectivity, catch per unit effort and fishing profitability index in Eleyele Lake Ibadan. A total of 539 fishing gears were encountered in six sampled areas of two strata; gill nets, traps, cast nets, dragnets and long line (baited and un-baited). Gillnets accounted for 36% in the strata. Apparently, stratum 1 had 159 and stratum 2 had 33 units of gill net; descriptive statistics showed Wide variation in the total fishing gears and methods observed in the strata and X (Chi square) showed significant(P> 0.01) in thenumerical strength of gill nets and less significant (P> 0.01) of legal mesh sizes usage. The most caught species was tilapia, 57.7% by number and 33.8% by weight of the total catch and were not sizable with mean weight of 203g of the total catch. Gill net fishery of Eleyele Lake comprises of legal and illegal mesh sizes of which the later accounted for 48% of 192 and its use accounted for over 58.7% by number and 20% by weight of the entire fish caught. The effects of catching process of gill net fishery in Eleyele Lake resulted into yields with wider variation across genera and species of fish caught (mean=341.5, S.D=229.2) and fetches its production cost about 12.23 times in a life span.