The main theme of the conference is "Organic Animal Husbandry systems – challenges, per-formance and potentials", taking into account the diversity of organic and sustainable animal husbandry systems. Particular attention has been given to dairy and pig systems, parasites and the replacement of inputs. The Video Pre-Conference 2020 will be an opportunity to dis-cuss the projects with colleagues from other parts of the world and to learn from each other's perspectives and experiences.


MitoNEET (mNT) is an outer mitochondrial membrane iron- sulfur (FeS) protein and a target of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of anti-diabetes drugs. The [2Fe-2S] cluster in mNT is ligated by a rare 3-Cys-1-His coordination. As FeS proteins usually function in electron transfer (redox) or in transfer of their clusters to apo-acceptor proteins, we investigated whether the TZDs affect the protein's redox potential (EM,7). We found that TZD binding negatively shifts EM, 7 by 100 mV, whereas in the cluster -coordinating His87 to Cys mutant (H87C) this effect is not observed. This suggests that His87 is critical to TZD communication with the [2Fe-2S] cluster of mNT. We further investigated the importance of residues near the cluster and discovered that mNT could tolerate an array of mutations that modified EM, 7 over a range of ∼700 mV. This is the largest range engineered in an FeS protein and, importantly, spans the cellular redox range (+200 to -300 mV). Therefore, mNT is potentially useful for both physiological redox studies and industrial applications as a stable, water-soluble, redox agent. We investigated whether mNT functions as a cluster transfer protein and if TZDs affect transfer. We observed facile [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer between oxidized mNT and apo-ferredoxin (a-Fd) both in vitro and with a mitochondrial iron detection assay in cells. The H87C mutant inhibits transfer of the [2Fe-2S] clusters both in vitro and in cells. Importantly, TZDs inhibit iron transfer from mNT to mitochondria. This finding is interesting in light of the role of iron overload in diabetes. Finally, we show that NADPH shifts EM, 7 negatively and inhibits cluster transfer in a manner similar to the TZDs, The most critical cellular function of NADPH is in the maintenance of a pool of reducing equivalents, which is essential to counteract oxidative damage. Taken together, our findings suggest a likely role for mNT in [2Fe-2S] and/or iron transfer to acceptor proteins and support the idea that pioglitazone's anti- diabetic mode of action may, in part, be to inhibit transfer of mNT's [2Fe-2S] cluster and protect cells from iron-overload


Both the radially outer wall and the limiter are investigated as material boundary conditions for electrostatic gyrokinetic full particle distribution simulation for axisymmetric tokamaks. Emphasis is put on conditions keeping the simulation stable with least effect on the plasma turbulent structures. Introduction While the gyrokinetic formalism and its implementation in numerical procedures are presently well studied up to widely accepted accuracy and ordering, even in so called full f distribution calculation, progress is still required in adapting such tools to the plasma-wall interface. The latter introduces the complexity by neutrals, atomic physics, sheaths, and recycling among others, which recently have been dealt with some success with a higher dimensional particle-in-cell approach for the scrape-off plasma region [1]. In numerical gyrokinetic implementation, numerical stability issues arise due to the imposed boundary conditions on the distribution function and electrostatic potential. In the present work, the introduction of the plasma-material interface in the tokamak scrape-off-layer region to the gyrokinetic solution is investigated both by the physics and numerical viewpoint. The full f global electrostatic gyrokinetic code Elmfire [2] for tokamaks is applied in such studies, and physical and numerical issues relevant for the interface implementation are discussed and formulated. A metallic wall in its simplest geometry is set as the outer boundary of the calculation region and the solutions are investigated with respect to the plasma density and electrostatic potential from the plasma to the wall. As a further complication, a toroidal limiter as an extension of the wall and defining the separatrix is set as the boundary. Numerical stability issues of the solution are investigated as well as the effect of the limiter configuration on the Bohm condition of the plasma along the open field lines. 40 EPS Conference on Plasma Physics P1.109


The paper deals with Moldovan people perceptions of themselves as origins worked out on the content of the XVII th century historical texts by two famous Moldovan chronics' writers and well socially based boyars Grigorie Ureche and Miron Costin. To solve our tasks we did choose three works by these authors, as responding to our research purpose. These are: "Th e Chronicle of the Land of Moldova", referring the 1359-1594 period, by the first one, "The Chronicle of the Land of Moldova from rule of Aron Voda", dealing with the historical events of 1594-1660 and the monograph "About Moldovan People, what Land Have Come from their Ancestors" by the second author. While pursuing research works in the field of Moldovans' identity, based on the above mentioned XVII th century works, we have to do with the issue of people's historical self-consciousness evolving, in the respective time period, having obvious impact on the future epochs' conceptual framework. It was the time of the boyar chronics, the very blossoming of the Moldovan chronics' writing, which marked the coming of new paradigm and did determine initializing in working out the Wallach (Muntenians, Moldavians and Transylvanians) ethnic identity. Th e interest the authors showed in Moldovans' historical destiny, in the role of geopolitical factor for its developing strategies deals with a new vision of the historical process. Grigore Ureche and Miron Costin as historians, belong to the 'new trend", the secular one. Thus, their performance registered beginning in taking distance from the providentialism conception. They brought archeological, ethnological, linguistic and other argumentation to support the theory of the Roman origin of Moldovans and other Wallachs. Considering the three mentioned texts, we may say Grigore Ureche and Miron Costin, their fellows and successors in the field of history writing, manifested its present situation and its probable future. In this sense, they stand as "institutors" of the issue of Romanians' ethnogenesis


AVA Spring Meeting and AGM, University of Bradford, 26 March 2018 Binocular Summation: A Meta-Analysis of 65 Studies Daniel H. Baker and Freya A. Lygo Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK Tim S. Meese and Mark A. Georgeson School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Binocular summation is the advantage in contrast sensitivity when using two eyes versus one. It has been widely studied owing to its clinical importance as a measure of binocular function, and because the precise level of summation is determined by the magnitude of nonlinearities in the early visual system, before binocular combination. However, most studies have involved small sample sizes, making exact estimation problematic. We conducted a meta-analysis of 65 studies reporting psychophysical estimates of binocular summation in 716 observers. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval on the mean summation ratio was consistently above the canonical value of ffiffiffi 2 p , regardless of how studies were weighted. We further explored how methodological factors affect summation estimates, both by using subsets of the meta-analysis data and also confirming with standalone studies. These analyses show that stimulus factors such as spatiotemporal frequency affect summation, and that the imbalance in sensitivity across the eyes can moderate summation estimates. We suggest that there is no single canonical value for binocular summation, but that instead it takes on a range of values between approximately ffiffiffi 2 p and 2, depending on stimulus properties. In addition, when the two eyes are not balanced, summation estimates are reduced when calculated relative to the threshold of the more sensitive eye, but can be slightly elevated when the mean monocular threshold is used. Future studies can obtain accurate summation estimates by normalising monocular contrasts to account for sensitivity differences or by modelling results using a simple two-parameter model of binocular combination. Ipsilateral Sensitivity to Visual Motion Is Restricted to V5/MTþ in the Right Cerebral Hemisphere Samantha L. Strong School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, UK Edward H. Silson National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/ open-access-at-sage). i-Perception 2018 Vol. 9(1S), 1–6 ! The Author(s) 2018 DOI: 10.1177/2041669518791669 journals.sagepub.com/home/ipe André D. Gouws and Antony B. Morland York Neuroimaging Centre, York, UK Declan J. McKeefry School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, UK Previous experiments have demonstrated that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of human V5/MTþ in the right cerebral hemisphere can induce deficits in visual motion perception in both the contraand ipsi-lateral visual hemi-fields. However, when TMS is applied to left V5/MTþ, motion deficits are restricted to the contra-lateral hemi-field (Thakral and Slotnick, 2011). One possible explanation for this may lie in differential stimulation of sub-divisions within V5/ MTþ across the two hemispheres. V5/MTþ has two major sub-divisions: MT/TO-1 and MST/TO2, and the latter sub-division contains neurons with large receptive fields (RFs) that extend much further into the ipsi-lateral hemi-field (up to 15 ) than MT/TO-1. We wanted to re-examine this functional asymmetry between V5/MTþacross both hemispheres by using TMS. MT/TO-1 and MST/TO-2 were identified in six subjects using specialised fMRI localisers, and centre-of-mass co-ordinates were used as target points for the TMS experiment (70% strength; 25 Hz; 200 ms). Subjects identified the translational direction (up/down) of coherently moving dots presented in either the left or the right visual field whilst TMS pulses were applied synchronously with stimulus onset. Application of TMS to MT/TO-1 and MST/TO-2 in the right hemisphere affected ability to perceive direction of translational dots in both the contra-lateral and ipsi-lateral visual fields, whereas detrimental effects following application of TMS to MT/TO-1 and MST/TO-2 in the left hemisphere were restricted to the contra-lateral visual field. This result suggests an enhanced role for the right hemisphere in processing full-field translational motion, but contrary to our hypothesis, effects differ across hemispheres rather than within sub-divisions of V5/MTþ.


Rural tourism is considered an important means in resolving "three agricultures" problem in the national "Eleventh Five Year" Plan and China National Tourism Administration has named the year 2007 as Harmonious tour in Cities and the Country and 2006 as China Rural Tour.This indicates that the government has paid high attention to the development of rural tourism.It is necessary for China to learn from other countries since China has just begun its rural tourism development.Rural tourism of France is mature in its designing,organizing and marketing etc.Their successful experience will prove helpful to us.


Individuals suffering from illness often suggest that they want to be "good patients," so that they fully recover or at least improve their condition, withstanding their illness. However, a scholarly debate on what it might mean to be a "good patient" is not sufficiently examined in the contemporary bioethics and medical humanities literature, even though a significant body of scholarly work has been concerned with what it means to be a "good doctor." For example, the biopsychosocial model, a popular school of thought in contemporary medicine, defines illnesses not only as biological problems, but also as psychological, and social problems. It thus emphasizes the importance of paying attention to all three dimensions of the illness. Similarly, narrative medicine, another popular school of thought, focuses on strategies for developing a healthy relationship between physicians and patients through narrativity. While the patient is the central axis of both of these healthcare models, most of the emphasis has been on the characteristics of the ideal humanist physician, or the virtues and strategies they must develop to be a good doctor and understand patient's narrative. There is no explicit discussion on how to be a "good patient." This paper argues that without exploring what it means to be a "good patient" a complete and effective healthcare model cannot be established. To support this thesis, a view of "good patient" will be developed by using the fundamental commitments of the biopsychosocial model and Narrative medicine. According to this view, a "good patient" (i) is transparent with respect to their biological, psychological, and social states of affairs, and (ii) has reflective agency with the help of which they are empowered to play an active role in their own healing and recovery. This account of the "good patient" has positive implications for enhancing the principles of medical ethics that are upheld by healthcare professionals.


A novel full adder circuit is presented. The main aim is to reduce power delay product (PDP) in the presented full adder cell. A new method is used in order to design a full-swing full adder cell with low number of transistors. The proposed full adder is implemented in MOSFET-like carbon nanotube technology and the layout is provided based on standard 32nm technology from MOSIS. The simulation results using HSPICE show that there are substantial improvements in both power and performance of the proposed circuit compared to the latest designs. In addition, the proposed circuit has been implemented in conventional 32nm process to compare the benefits of using MOSFET-like carbon nanotubes in arithmetic circuits over conventional CMOS technology. The proposed circuit can be applied in very high performance and ultra-low-power applications.


The article " The Best And Worst Airlines " uses innovative methods to rate the various airline providers and the airports based on delays and cancellation. It distinguishes itself from the statistics reported by the government in the fact that, it also accounts for certain key offsets. The airlines pad additional time in their schedules to account for unseen delays. The government statistics uses the deviation from the scheduled time reported by the airlines for computing the average delays. On the other hand, this article uses a different baseline, which it claims to be fairer. The article measures average travel time compared to other airlines flying the same route. This article falls into the category of " Data Journalism " as defined in Coddington's paper. The main theme of the article is to report about the performance of various airlines supported by data


Research has been conducted to determine the quality of shallow groundwater (dug-wells and shallow bore-wells) and the local communities opinions around the landfill Suwung. The method of determining the station was done by purposive sampling, where the station sampling was determined by selecting a place which was expected to represent the whole area.Water sampling of dug-wells was conducted by using a water sampler and the shallow bore-wells using a 2-liter bottle. Data was analyzed by descriptive comparative referenceto class I water quality of the Bali Governor Regulation No.8 of 2007. The public opinion data was obtained by using aquesioner filled by respondents who have and use wells and shallow bore wells for their daily needsand it was analyzed by using frequency distribution tables.The results showed that the quality of shallow groundwater (dug-wells and shallow bore-wells) did not meet water quality standards in accordance with the rules of the class defined in the Governor of Bali Regulation No. 8 of 2007. The water pollution index (PI) of dug-wells at a distance of 1-400 meters was in hearily polluted category, while water fromshallow bore-wells drilled at a distance of 1-200 meters was in the category of hearily polluted and at a distance of 201-400 meters was in the category of medium polluted.There was an increasing range of groundwater quality deterioration in 1997, 2008 and 2014. In 1997, contaminated shallow groundwater has occured at a distance of 80 meters, while in 2008, the pollution has occurred up to a distance of 375 meters and in the year of 2014 the contamination occurred from a distance of 1 meter to 400 meters. The average of score Pollution Index (PI) of Water wells in the year of 2008 amounted to 14.55, while in 2014 up to 15.44. It is estimated that the water quality of dug-wells and bore-wells will meet the quality standards in accordance with the value of the pollution index at a distance of over 5000 meters and 750 meters of the Suwung landfill waste.Most of the respondents who live in the vicinity Suwung landfill waste tend to give an opinion that the shallow groundwater (dug-wells and shallow bore-wells) has decreased quality as drinking water. Approximately 75% of respondents thought that the well water in their environment has been reduced in quality.


Emotion and its perception are fundamental psychological faculties for the survival of animals and social interaction. This is recognized by the emergence of whole areas of neuroscience devoted to understanding its neural basis. Although the basic components of such emotional system have been identified, the segregation of the milieu of affective experiences into different patterns of brain signals remains poorly understood. Recent functional imaging studies have implicated simultaneous distributed activity as a better correlate of emotional state than its univariate counterpart; however, those attempts have still restricted themselves to regions of interest and severely-filtered data. In this work we tested whether the visual perception of three basic emotions can be decoded from full brain activity using multivariate pattern classification, while keeping localizationist and encoding assumptions at a minimum. Beyond stimuli prediction, we also provide proof of-concept anatomical mapping and discovery of relevant structures.To this end, we ran a face perception experiment on a sample of 16 neurotypical participants while recording their brain activity using fMRI. Per-subject SVM classifiers were trained on the fMRI data, so that they could recognize the emotion class brains were presented with. Results were cross-validated and compared against performance by chance using resampling techniques; and the whole of our reproducible pipeline was further validated using more trivial contrasts embedded within the main emotional task. Thorough assessment of behavioral data points towards the validity of our task.Results show a robust and distributed representation of (perceived) happiness in humans, but not of negative-valence anger and sadness; contrary to the more optimistic (though less diligent) existing studies. Overall, our approach proved more sensitive and anatomically specific than the classical mass-univariate analysis, amidst high-dimensionality concerns. Group inference of SVM parameters suggests the defining information-bearing pattern emanates from known structures in the ventral visual pathway and emotion-related areas. Namely: the primary visual cortex (V1) and surroundings, the middle collateral sulcus and parahippocampal gyrus (mCS, mPHG), the amygdala, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the anterior cerebellum around the vermis; all of them in bilateral fashion. Our work paves the way for further multivariate studies to provide a complementary picture of emotions (and other brain functions), according to its macroscale dynamics.


Our recent study on the nature of the ascent of the dinosaurs ( [1][1] ) argued three main points: (i) that a major terrestrial tetrapod mass extinction is concentrated at the palynologically identified Triassic-Jurassic boundary in eastern North America (based on footprints and bones); (ii) that


The Platreef occurs at the base of the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex and is variably mineralised with PGE, Cu, and Ni. The Platreef varies in thickness from a few meters to a few hundred meters and rests on progressively older sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup and Archaean granite basement northwards. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of magmatic processes, contamination of the magma by footwall rocks and synand post metasomatic fluid activity on the observed mineralisation. Along the Platreef strike, the PGE grade profiles are generally top-loaded from Overysel to Tweefontein North and more variable and bottom loaded from Tweefontein Hill southwards emphasizing the importance of the change in mineralisation style at Tweefontein in relation to the whole Platreef. This study presents the first significant PGM data on the Tweefontein farm, including ten boreholes along strike, providing insight into the distinctly different PGE mineralisation styles observed. Samples were selected based on assay data, varying rock types, stratigraphic position and proximity to geological features. The selected samples were investigated using petrography, geochemistry and the automated SEM techniques of QEMSCAN and MLA. Over 9000 PGM were analysed forming one of the most comprehensive PGM studies on the Platreef to date. The lowermost footwall intersected along the Tweefontein strike is banded ironstone of the Penge Formation. This is overlain by a metasedimentary footwall package, of variable thickness, derived from the shales and dolomites of the Duitschland Formation. Iron-rich, recrystallised, noritic sills occur at the base of the Platreef and are thought to represent sills which intruded prior to the emplacement of the Platreef. A preand possibly syn-Bushveld structural control resulted in irregular floor topography defined by a topographic footwall high in the central Tweefontein area and topographic depressions at Tweefontein North and Tweefontein Hill. The depression areas at Tweefontein are similar to the footwall basins at Turfspruit to the south, in which the Platreef is more lithologically complex compared to the footwall high areas. The footwall basins at Tweefontein and Turfspruit contain basal massive and submassive sulphides, which may not necessarily carry significant PGE grade. The Platreef lithologies at Tweefontein are composed of pyroxenites and norites with minor harzburgitic lithologies and contain numerous cross-cutting granitic veins. Xenoliths/interlayers of metamorphosed Duitschland lithologies occur primarily near the base of the Platreef, but also in the middle and upper Platreef sequence reflecting roof pendants. Unlike the Platreef on the farms adjacent to Tweefontein, the Platreef and footwall lithologies are relatively unaltered, but localised serpentinisation and chloritisation occur within harzburgitic lithologies and metasedimentary interlayers. Based on the stratigraphy and geochemical characteristics, the Platreef at Tweefontein can be subdivided into the upper and lower Platreef. The upper Platreef subdivision occurs in the top 20-40 m of the sequence and is defined by higher Mg#, Cr, Cr (ppm)/MgO and Pt/Pd values compared to the lower Platreef. In addition, the majority of the grade and base metal sulphide (BMS) content is enriched in the upper versus the lower Platreef, particularly for the northern and central parts of Tweefontein. The upper and lower Platreef may have been derived from different magma sources based on the "R Factor" concept proposed by Campbell and Naldrett in 1979 whereby the abundance of the PGE relative to the BMS content is linked to the proportion of magma with which the sulphide ore equilibrated (Naldrett, 2005b). Previous detailed geochemical studies from Tweefontein Hill southwards highlighted compositional breaks in the Platreef sequence thought to represent distinct silllike intrusions (Hutchinson and Kinnaird, 2005; Kinnaird, 2005; Manyeruke et al., 2005; Nyama et al., 2006). They reported a more primitive sill at the top of the Platreef, which correlates to the upper Platreef at Tweefontein. The lower Platreef is therefore likely to represent a different sill intrusion. A relatively homogenous pyroxenitic package characterises the upper Platreef, although a more heterogeneous package is observed close to and at Tweefontein Hill. At Tweefontein North, the base of the upper Platreef is often marked by a chromitiferous package comprising a pegmatoidal feldspathic pyroxenite unit, up to 6 m thick, capped by a chromitite layer. Due to similar stratigraphy and high PGE grades, this distinct horizon has been compared to the Merensky Reef found elsewhere in the Bushveld Complex. The predominant base metal sulphides (BMS) in the Platreef at Tweefontein are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite with minor pyrite aligned with that found elsewhere along the Platreef strike. There is an increase in BMS content, primarily pyrrhotite, towards the base of the Platreef with massive and submassive sulphide development near the base and in the footwall, particularly at Tweefontein Hill. Sulphur isotopes and detailed mineralogical studies at Turfspruit have shown that the addition of S, As and Sb into the magma from the Duitschland footwall triggered the development of a PGE-poor sulphide liquid which was then able to mix, modify and dilute the magmatic sulphides (Hutchinson and McDonald, 2008). Due to the similarity in footwall between Turfspruit and Tweefontein, these proposed processes help to explain the increase in BMS towards the base and the development of basal massive and submassive sulphides, which are not necessarily associated with significant PGE grade. At Tweefontein North, the processes dominating the top-loaded PGE mineralisation were primarily magmatic. The PGM assemblage, hosted by base metal sulphides and magmatic silicates, is dominated by Pt-and Pd-bismuthides and -tellurides with minor PGE-sulphides and Pt-arsenides. PGE-sulphides occur in the Platreef where the chromitiferous horizon is developed, which may indicate an environment low in volatile activity and one of the most primary mineralisation styles along the Platreef strike. The footwall high, which separates the depressions at Tweefontein North and Tweefontein Hill may have kept the Platreef at Tweefontein North relatively protected from additional processes affecting Tweefontein Hill. In contrast, assimilation of the Duitschland footwall is thought to play a key role in the development of the variable but predominantly bottom-loaded PGE mineralisation at Tweefontein Hill. The PGM assemblage is Pd-dominant characterised by Sb-, Asand Bibearing PGM, reflecting the incorporation of Sb, As and Bi from the Duitschland footwall. The association of the PGE mineralisation with the extensive basal sulphide development implies that the mineralisation at Tweefontein Hill probably occurred due to the gravitational settling of a sulphide liquid containing a mix of sedimentary and PGE-hosting magmatic components. Due to a significant PGM-BMS association in the mineralised footwall and metasedimentary interlayers/xenoliths, a downward migrating sulphide melt is believed to be the main mechanism responsible for the redistribution of PGE, predominantly Pd, into the mineralised metasedimentary lithologies. Finally, the Platreef and footwall lithologies may be locally modified by late-stage felsic and hydrothermal fluids to form bismuthideand arsenide-dominant PGM assemblages, primarily hosted in quartz and serpentine respectively. This study shows the PGM and sulphide mineralisation at Tweefontein to be multifaceted, involving magmatic processes, assimilation of the Duitchland footwall into the Platreef magma and late-stage hydrothermal and felsic fluid activity. Footwall composition and irregular floor topography, resulting in depression areas at Tweefontein North and Tweefontein Hill, are believed to play a key role in what processes become significant along the Tweefontein strike. This research represents a significant contribution to the understanding of the distinctly different PGE mineralisation styles at Tweefontein and allows for a complete comparison of the Platreef PGE mineralisation from Overysel to Turfspruit.


Model-based software development has been shown to improve productivity and quality of software through automation. This involves using abstractions or models at several stages of development. This work reports on preliminary attempts to automate the generation of test cases from software requirement models using an industrial case study. The requirements are represented using a modeling notation and test cases are automatically generated using model to text transformation techniques.


The policies of a Latin American government drive food prices up; unions and neighborhood associations in the capital city organize a demonstration; the government caIls in the army; many people are killed; an uneasy truce prevails. As area specialists and indeed most newspaper readers and television watchers know, such sequences of events arc common in recent Latin American history. Such events seem familiar. not only because they appear regularly in journal articles, in books, in headlines, and on the evening news, but also because they can be easily fitted into plausible narrative frames. The actors (desperately poor masses, unresponsive governing elites) are well known, and they are engaged in a common sort of conflict (debates in public arenas over economic policies). The opening event in the narrative, a sudden rise in food prices, can be understood as one of the natural vicissitudes of an underdeveloped economy. Most readers, accustomed to hearing of such occurrences, would not be likely to question the direct links from the first event to the second. the public expression of political discontent, and then to the third, the repression by the government. This article examines one such set of events, which took place in Santiago, Chile in 1905, and compares it to food riots in other parts of the world. The analysis draws both on ways in which these events resemble other food riots and on ways in which they differ from them. The claims of the urban poor in this instance to have a right to subsistence and the rejection of these claims by elites are familiar to students of food riots in other parts of the world. The linkages among the three events in Chile in 1905, though. are less typical. for three reasons. First. the rise in food prices is a puzzling trigger of the riot, since the policy that caused the prices to increase took place years before the demonstrations and repression. Second, the foodstuff that was in dispute was not a common grain such as wheat or rice that provides the bulk of subsistence and whose price and availability form the key issues in most food riots, but meat, a luxury item that formed a small portion of the diet of much of the population of Chile at the time. Finally.the link between the protest demonstration and the repression is complex rather than simple. since the demonstration itself went through several peaceful stages before violence broke out. This sequence of stages is of particular interest because it suggests that the participants were concerned not only with assuring their access to certain foods but also with maintaining certain ritualized forms of public behavior.


The article presents a modernized 2R planar manipulator at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology designed for testing and development of control algorithms. The main attention is focused on the model development and verification with taking into account the specificity of the construction. In particular, the key stages of model development are presented and discussed. In turn, the model quality is elicited from the model verification which includes the results of experiments with the open and closed loop system.


Abstract Seventy eight male mice were individually housed at weaning. After 14 days of isolation, the males were allocated to 13 permanent groups of three mice (Triads), 13 permanent groups of two mice (Couples) and 13 mice remaining in isolation for 21 days. Four 10‐min observation periods, each preceded by 24 hours of food deprivation, were carried out in a neutral cage. In one of the shorter walls of this cage a plastic tube was connected to the cage. A pellet of food was firmly attached to the inner surface of the tube and the behaviour of the mice was recorded on a videotape. Twenty‐four hours after finishing the last observation, the mice were killed and selected organs cleaned and weighed. Relative organ weight differences between dominant and subordinate males showed similar tendencies in both Triads and Couples. Dominants had heavier testes, thymuses, intact and squeezed seminal vesicles, squeezed preputial and prostates and lighter adrenals than subordinates. However, Triads and Couples showed d...


Protective Effect of Fucoidan, a P and L-Selectin Inhibitor, in Systemic Inflammatory Response and Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Acute Pancreatitis. Author: Ana Carla da Silva Carvalho Dias. Advisor: Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte de Souza. Ph. D. Thesis in Pharmacology. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 2013. Background & Aims: Neutrophils play a critical role in severe acute pancreatitis. Tissue infiltration of neutrophils in the pancreas is a multistep process, coordinated by specific adhesion molecules, such as P-selectin. Fucoidin is a sulphated fucosylated polysaccharide that binds to and blocks the function of Land Pselectins, and the present study has evaluated whether fucoidin treatment could prevent neutrophil infiltration, and thereby reverse the systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal dysmotility associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced in Swiss mice either by the retrograde infusion of taurolithocholic acid (3.0%) (TLC-S) into the pancreatic duct or by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/h). The experimental groups received fucoidan (25 mg/kg, i.v.) before pancreatitis induction whist control groups received only saline. After 24 hours, pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum amylase, lipase, IL-1β, TNF-α and nitrite were measured. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (lung, pancreas, stomach and jejunum) and histological assessment (pancreas) were determined. Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit (using the geometric center method) were also measured. Gastrointestinal contractility in vitro was recorded through force transducers coupled to a computerized data acquisition system, carbachol (0,01 μM – 30 μM), KCl 60mM and electrical field stimulation (0.5-8.0 Hz; 1ms; 40 V), was applied on gastric fundus and jejunum of mice 24 hours after TLC-S induced pancreatitis. Results: Pancreatic MDA, serum amylase, lipase, nitrite, TNFα and IL-1β, pancreatic and lung MPO, were increased in both TLCSand cerulein acute pancreatitis compared with respective control groups. Fucoidan significantly decreased the augmented levels of amylase, lipase, pancreatic and lung MPO, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β and nitrite in both acute pancreatitis models. Pancreas histological changes observed in both models were significantly attenuated by fucoidan. The acute pancreatitis model induced by TLC-S caused delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, incresead gastric and jejunum MPO, and jejunum hypercontractility in vitro. Fucoidan significantly reversed the gastrointestinal disorders in vivo and in vitro and augmented levels of gastric and jejunum MPO induced by TLC-S. Conclusion: Fucoidan reduced the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice by decreasing neutrophil infiltration, systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal dysmotility, suggesting that modulation of selectins may constitute a promising therapeutic approach for acute pancreatitis.


Objective To investigate the risk factors affecting the mortality in patients with severe chest trauma (SCT).Methods A total of 777 patients with SCT (AIS≥ 3) treated at Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2006 to April 2009 were involved for retrospective study.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 15 possible risk factors affecting their mortality.Results The factors affecting mortality in patients with SCT included hemorrhagic shock (X6,B =1.710,OR =1.291,P<0.01),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (X7,B=3.453,OR =1.028,P<0.01 ),pulmonary infection ( X9,B =2.396,OR=10.941,P < 0.01 ),abdominal organ injury (X11,B=1.542,OR=1.210,P<0.01) and thoracic AIS ≥3 (X14,B =0.487,OR =1.622,P<0.01 ).While the protective factors affecting mortality in patients with SCT contained age ≤60 years old (X1,B =-0.035,OR =0.962,P<0.05) and GCS≥12 (X13,B=- 0.635,OR=0.530,P<0.05).Conclusions The age,posttraumatic complications (hemorrhagic shock,MODS,pulmonary infection)and accurate diagnosis and evaluation of trauma severity are the related factors to predict the prognosis.Development of effective treatment measures based on these risk factors plays a key role in the survival rate of patients with SCT.

Key words:
Thorax; Mortality; Risk factors


In order to decrease cost,the X-H rolling method was applied in H-Be am Mill of Maanshan Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,The draught schedule of X-H rolling method was introduc ed.Mean while ,some problems and its countermeasues, such as web eccentricity and roll wearing,were put forwavd.


Background and aim Ovarian cancer is one of the commonest malignant tumors in women in Egypt and considered to be the leading cause of death from such gynecological malignancies. In some studies, ovarian tumors that had a combined expression of Her2/neu and Snail were found to be resistant to anti-Her2/neu therapeutic agents. Hence, there may be a relationship between Her2neu/and epithelial–mesenchymal markers responsible for drug resistance and tumor metastasis. The aim in this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Snail and Her2/neu in ovarian serous neoplasm and correlate their expressions with each other and with different clinicopathological variables to detect the usefulness of these markers in progression and planning of therapeutic strategies of such tumors. Materials and methods A total of 40 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from ovarian serous lesion (seven benign serous tumors, 11 borderline serous tumors, and 22 ovarian serous carcinoma) were immunohistochemically studied for Snail and Her/2neu expression. Results High nuclear expression of Snail was detected in 27.2% (3/11) and 54.5% (12/22) of the studied borderline and malignant serous carcinomas, respectively, and showed progressively more increase in expression in invasive tumors as compared with borderline tumor. Snail overexpression was statistically significant with FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and presence of intraperitoneal implants of the studied carcinoma cases (P=0.043, P<0.001, and P=0.011, respectively). Positive immunoexpression of Her2/neu was only detected in 27.2 and 40.9% of the borderline and malignant serous neoplasms, respectively. Its immunoexpression was statistically significant with higher grade carcinoma and advanced FIGO stage (P=0.04 and 0.011, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the expression of the two markers among the studied ovarian carcinomas (P=0.024). Conclusion This investigation clarified that the Snail immunoexpression is involved in the early steps of epithelial ovarian tumorigenesis. The overexpression of both Her2/neu and Snail may serve as a poor prognostic indicator of serous ovarian cancer. A direct positive correlation between Snail and Her2/neu was found, giving a proof of association of Her2/neu and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and hence may be of value in planning target therapy.


The Dairy NRC (2001) suggests that digestible fiber is needed in the diet of calves. However, in our recent research, live body weight average daily gain (ADG) decreased when starch from corn was replaced with sources of digestible fiber; i.e. soybean hulls, wheat middlings, or distiller's dried grains with soluble (Hill et al., 2008; Suarez-Mena et al., 2012). Additionally, limited recent research has not demonstrated consistent ADG responses to manipulating a calf's diet for metabolizable protein compared to control diets that were predominately corn and soybean meal (Hill et al., 2007). The objective was to measure diet digestibility as a potential means to explain differences in performance when different carbohydrate and protein sources were fed to calves.


Introduction The demand for office locations has been growing rapidly during recent decades. This has been the consequence of several important developments in the economy, including an increasing emphasis on the service sector. In addition, decreasing transport costs and reductions in trade restrictions are giving firms a stronger international orientation (Dunning and Norman, 1987). A related development is the growth in the number of international organizations. Larger cities have tried to attract these national and international companies and organizations by offering high-quality head office locations. This article investigates the regional economic impacts of the development of a head office location, by describing a case-study of Amsterdam South. First, we present a concise review of the literature. We then give an introduction to the plans in Amsterdam South and identify the impacts of development there. Finally we draw conclusions and offer policy recommendations. World cities and head office locations In the literature on metropolitan development, the concept of 'world city' has achieved popularity during the last decade. Hall (1966) used the term; it was given more precise meaning in the work of Friedmann (1986) and Sassen (1986). World cities are considered to play a major role in the international division of labour. They host important command and control centres such as the headquarters of multinational firms, and provide the financial and other business services these headquarters need. In addition, world cities offer a physical and social infrastructure in terms of office locations, transport systems (internal and international) and quality of labour force. Cities such as New York, Tokyo and London have large numbers of international firms and qualify as world cities beyond any doubt. In addition, there are other metropolitan areas where it is less easy to determine the extent to which they qualify as a world city. This is especially the case with polycentric city systems as found in the Netherlands (the Randstad area), Germany (Ruhr area) and Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp, Gent). World cities have been studied from many perspectives such as social polarization (see Sassen, 1986; Hamnett, 1994) and international migration (see Beaverstock and Smith, 1996). In this contribution we pay attention to another aspect: the issue of head office locations. World cities usually have a very expensive high-quality head office location, although there are exceptions. As Shachar (1994) indicates, the Randstad metropolitan area with a population of about 5m inhabitants and with a large number of medium-sized cities …


The simultaneous feasibility test (SFT) performs the network sensitivity analysis under the base case and contingency cases in power systems. This paper presents the practical implementation of the simultaneous feasibility test in the energy market. SFT calculation includes loss sensitivities and constraint shift factors either for E-nodes or P-nodes and the used reference is the distributed load reference. Several SFT modes are discussed in the paper. The schematic of data flow between SFT and other market system applications in a day-ahead market clearing process is also analyzed. Especially, the dead bus logic is proposed to compute the sensitivities for the open / dead node such as open unit. The calculating results based on PJM system are shown in the paper.


Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud.
Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction.
Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity.
Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.


In this talk we discuss Fourier optics methods for signal processing in the femtosecond time domain [1]. Applications include pulse shaping and waveform synthesis, storage, recall, and matched filtering of ultrafast optical signals, time-to-space and space-to-time conversion, and ultrafast transmultiplexing for data format conversion.


We thank Dr Majumdar and colleagues for their comments, and for their case description which at first sight appears to be unique in two respects. We are unaware of any previous case reports linking pacemaker infection to endoscopy; and our literature review for the guidelines failed to identify any previous reports of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia following endoscopy. …


Intra-operative C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides significant technical and workflow benefits for neurological interventions. Current C-arm CBCT employs FDK-type algorithms for image reconstruction, which require densely sampled projection data. This imaging practice incurs a large amount of radiation dose and prolonged scanning time. Yet, the reconstruction is susceptible to artifacts caused by both geometry and physical factors such as noise. In this work, we investigated and evaluated the adaptation of optimization-based reconstruction to C-arm-CBCT-based neurological imaging from full-and half-view patient data. The adaptation mainly entailed accurate incorporation of C-arm geometry and appropriate selection of algorithm parameters. The results show that optimization-based algorithms can yield images of effectively suppressed noise and shading artifacts, from half of the amount of data acquired in current clinical applications.


The size distributions of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particle mass less than 10 lm in aerodynamic diameter (Dp) were measured using a nine-stage low-volume cascade impactor at rural and urban sites in Tianjin, China in the winter of 2003–2004. The particles exhibited the trimodal distribution with the major peaks occurring at 0.43–2.1 and 9.0–10.0 lm for both urban and rural sites. The concentrations of the total PAH (sum of 16 PAH compound) at rural site were generally less than those of urban site. Mean fraction of 76.5% and 63.9% of the total PAH were associated with particles of 0.43–2.1 lm at rural and urban sites, respectively. Precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction were the important meteorological factors influencing the concentration of PAHs in rural and urban sites. The distributions of PAHs concentration with respect to particle size were similar for rural and urban samples. The PAHs concentrations at the height of 40 m were higher than both of 20 and 60 m at urban site, but the mass median diameter (MMD) of total PAH increased with the increasing height. The mid–high molecular weight (278P MW P 202) PAHs were mainly associated with fine particles (Dp 6 2.1 lm), whereas low molecular weight (128P MW P 178) PAHs were distributed in both of fine and coarse particle. The fraction of PAHs associated with coarse particles (Dp > 2.1 lm) decreased with increasing molecular weight. The relatively consistent distribution of PAHs seemed to indicate the similar combustion source of PAHs at both of rural and urban sites. The fine differences of concentration and distribution of PAHs at different levels at urban site suggested that the different source and transportation path of particulate PAHs. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Introduction Spondylodiscitis is a combination of discitis and spondylitis. It is very rare to have an isolated discitis without associated vertebral osteomyelitis. It is relatively uncommon in developed nations. However, this disease can lead to severe disability and even death if left untreated. Antibiotics is the mainstay of treatment but cases with neurological compromise would need prompt surgical decompression and stabilisation. Recovery in serious cases is often a lengthy process, requiring long hospital stay. Our unit conducted a review as it is noted spondylodiscitis is becoming more common in elderly and immunocompromised groups.

Patients and methods Retrospective study of spondylodiscitis presented to our unit over the last three years is conducted. Medical records and charts are reviewed, with a focus on disease presentation, risk factors, causative organisms and when surgery becomes necessary.

Results 61 cases are identified, average age 62. Lumbar vertebrae is the most affected region (36%), 15% showed multi-level involvement. Back pain presented in all cases. 75% have at least 1 risk factor. Micro-organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (24.6%), coagulase negative staphylococci (9.8%), methicillin resistant S. Aureus (6.6%), Escherichia coli (6.6%) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (3.3%) and no organism found in 16.4%. 31% of cases required surgical intervention due to neurological deficit or vertebral collapse. 69% were managed conservatively The average inpatient stay was 50 days. CRP decreased as symptoms improve. There is no mortality in this series.

Conclusions We noted a higher than usual presentation of spondylodiscitis in vulnerable patients in our region, often presented late. It is important to recognise this disease early. Once established, patients often require long hospital stay to control disease and regain mobilitiy, even when outpatient anti-biotic therapy is available. A multidisciplinary team approach would be beneficial for the recovery process.


In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis upon developing managerial decision-making skills among organizational behavior students. To accomplish this objective, it is necessary to sensitize students to the cognitive heuristics and biases typically employed in inferential judgments. Unfortunately, there is little class material available upon which to center discussions. While researchers have investigated the decision making of such diverse groups as clinical psychologists (Dawes, 1976), negotiators (Bazerman, Magliozzi, & Neale, 1985), physicians (Christensen-Szalanski, Beck, Christensen-Szalanski, & Koepsell, 1983), the judgmental tasks employed in these studies often are not representative of the decisions faced by today's managers . ' Thus, while appropriate for research purposes, they are less useful for instructional purposes. Lacking face validity, the problems typically employed in decision studies do little to convince doubting students that such biases do exist and may plague their own decision making. For example, Kahenman and Tversky (1972) use the following problem to illustrate the base rate fallacy, the tendency of individuals to utilize situation-specific information while ignoring prior probabilities: Two cab companies, the Blue and Green, operate in a given city. Eighty-five percent of the cabs in the city are Blue, and the remaining 15 percent are Green. A cab was involved in a hit and


Abstract The data are n univariate observations that are not necessarily from the same population, from continuous populations, or independent. The problem is to develop an approximate expression for a specified one of the upper (or lower) extremes of this set of observations when a type of m-dependence occurs. General expressions are developed that depend on n, the extreme considered, and the arithmetic average of the cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) for the individual observations. These results seem to be in a form that is satisfactory for practical applications, and a rule is given for deciding when n is large enough for their use. Also, a basis is furnished for deciding on the suitability of the model from the characteristics of the experimental situation, and consistent estimation of the average of the cdf's is considered. In practice, the asymptotic distributions that occur for the case of samples from continuous populations also seem to frequently occur for nonsample cases involving data ...


The ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved way of regulating intracellular protein balance. UPS mediates proteolysis and disruption of variation or misfolding, while finely regulating proteins involved in differentiation and other biological processes.


Fast and efficient state preparation of molecules can be accomplished by optical pumping. Molecular structure that most obviously facilitates cycling involves a strong electronic transition, with favorable vibrational branching (diagonal Franck-Condon factors, aka FCFs) and without any intervening electronic states. Here, we propose important adjustments to those criteria, based on our experience optically pumping SiO$^+$. Specifically, the preference for no intervening electronic states should be revised, and over-reliance on FCFs can miss important features. The intervening electronic state in SiO$^+$is actually found to be beneficial in ground rotational state preparation, by providing a pathway for population to undergo a parity flip. This contribution demonstrates the possibility that decay through intervening states may help state preparation of non-diagonal or polyatomic molecules. We also expand upon the definition of favorable branching. In SiO$^+$, we find that the off-diagonal FCFs fail to reflect the vibrational heating versus cooling rates. Since the branching rates are determined by transition dipole moments (TDMs) we introduce a simple model to approximate the TDMs for off-diagonal decays. We find that two terms, set primarily by the slope of the dipole moment function ($d\mu/dx$) and offset in equilibrium bond lengths ($\Delta x = r_e^g-r_e^e$), can add (subtract) to increase (decrease) the magnitude of a given TDM. Applying the model to SiO$^+$, we find there is a fortuitous cancellation, where decay leading to vibrational excitation is reduced, causing optical cycling to lead naturally to vibrational cooling.


A competitive advantage emerges when change occurs within an organization or industry environment. Generating superior business returns above competitors is the means to achieve such a competitive advantage. This research empirically examined and placed emphasis on the importance of a firm's resources and the capabilities of the organization in relation to the firm's competitive advantage. A total of 156 Thai canned and processed seafood exporters were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted collecting a sample which obtained data from 48 respondents, namely managers or leading team members in canned and seafood exporter companies. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to test the hypotheses. The overall findings indicated that resource-related variables are the most important explanatory variables regarding the competitive advantage of export companies. However, there are strong interactive effects between the two variable-sets, resources and capability. The results reveal that it is recommended to build resources, in order to be effective in developing superior business returns; this should be followed by developing capabilities.


It is found experimentally for a nonlinear image processor that phase objects are contrast enhanced and edge detection of amplitude objects is obtained when the self-induced filter produces phase shifts larger than /spl pi//2.


...................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION.................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 General Objective of the Study ...................................................................................... 5 1.4 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Justification of the Study ............................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Definition of Terms ...................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................... 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 8 2.


In his recent novel, Foucault's Pendulum, Umberto Eco tells the story of three editors in a Milanese publishing house who attempt to construct (or reconstruct) an esoteric history of the West. Armed with a powerful computer—and presumably an even more powerful software—, they piece together disparate historical data in search of a plan of world conquest dating to the time of the suppression of the Templars. Whether it brings relief or disappointment, I offer no such program here. But I would like to describe briefly the project on which I am currently working and then show some of the applications that one might derive from it. At the outset, I must emphasize that this is a project that is still very much incomplete. And so, what I propose is something like a progress report or suggestion of what the finished work will be like. To do so, I will try to follow the following schedule: first, to describe the project briefly and how the database is organized and created; second, to discuss some of the problems inherent in creating such a database, with examples chosen where possible from Franciscan authors; and finally, again for Franciscan authors, to display some of the queries that one might make and the results one might obtain from the database.


The 9th Games and Natural Language Processing (Games and NLP 2022)—to be held at LREC 2022 — will examine the use of games and gamification for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, as well as how NLP research can advance player engagement and communication within games. The Games and NLP workshop aims to promote and explore the possibilities for research and practical applications of games and gamification that have a core NLP aspect, either to generate resources and perform language tasks or as a game mechanic itself. This workshop investigates computational and theoretical aspects of natural language research that would be beneficial for designing and building novel game experiences, or for processing texts to conduct formal game studies. NLP would benefit from games in obtaining language resources (e.g., construction of a thesaurus or a parser through a crowdsourcing game), or in learning the linguistic characteristics of game users as compared to those of other domains. Paper topics may include, but are not limited to:


Software radio development aims at wideband RF access and software partitioning for plug-and-play type of use. The development is facilitated by progress in silicon capabilities, signal processing power of new and future processors and reconfiguration methods (software download, smart cards, etc.). However, there are still a lot of problems in implementing software radio. These problems include high quality wideband RF access and high performance analog to digital and digital to analog conversion due to the extreme demands placed upon them. Due to lack of suitable methods for performance evaluation it is also difficult to estimate the signal processing requirement for a software radio when implementing several systems in the same platform. There are also no methods for estimating the processing capacity of a software radio platform consisting of multiple DSP processors, CPUs, memory modules and low speed/high speed buses. On top of this there are no universal design tools that could be used all the way from system level specification to actual implementation but instead different CAD-tools with different kind of options must be used in the design process. Due to finite processing capacity, novel and computationally efficient DSP-architectures must be defined for critical functions to optimize the designs. This includes identification of common functionalities. These topics will addressed in the paper.


Do you have a contractual obligation to provide evaluation information to certain groups, such as funders or a board of directors? What exactly have you agreed to provide? Are there public policy decisions that strongly affect your program? If so, what evaluation information would be helpful to advocacy groups or policymakers? Does your program face major decisions about the kind or amount of services you can provide? If so, what information would help you make these decisions? Before you collect any information for your evaluation, think about the most important audiences for your evaluation and what they want to know. Taking the time at the outset to think through stakeholder interests can ensure that the evaluation actually provides the information they want.


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cocondensation technique and synthesis of metastable AlX or GaX solutions. Special synthetic routes are necessary to gain access to the metastable monohalides of Al and Ga, because they are thermodynamically unstable at room temperature toward disproportionation into A1 metal and A1X 3 or Ga metal and GaX 3 . The gaseous MX species, that are thermodynamically stable at high temperatures, have to be synthesized. The metalloid Al clusters, such as Al 7 [N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 6 - Cluster 1 and Al 12 [N(SiMe 3 )2] 8 - Cluster 2 are also focused. Al-rich metalloid clusters are generated as intermediates during the disproportionation of AlX solutions. This disproportionation reaction becomes visible by a metal mirror coating and happens even under mild conditions—that is, the reactions proceed to the thermodynamically stable final products A1X 3 and Al. It is suggested to use A1 film formation for technical applications, such as in the metallization of electrical isolation and also for porous materials. The isolation methods and the structures of the metalloid aluminum clusters discussed in the chapter show the particular suitability of the ligand N(SiMe 3 ) 2 for stabilizing intermediates on the way to the metal (α-Al). In this process, the cluster size depends on the reactivity of the AlX solution and the reaction temperatures. The consequences of the results for solid-state chemistry are also described.


Wrinkles are the most obvious expression of skin aging and are manifested by numerous changes in the organization and structure of the dermis. To better understand if this tissue modification could be linked to a modification of cell function, contractile and synthesis capacities of normal aged human fibroblasts and those obtained from a biopsy of a forehead wrinkle were studied and compared. The capacity of fibroblasts to adhere to the collagen network and to maintain a three-dimensional structure of the dermis was studied using a three-dimensional model of a collagen gel. The metabolic activity of both cell types was determined immunochemically by quantifying collagen I synthesis. Human fibroblasts from the wrinkle contracted the collagen gel less than normal aged human fibroblasts and synthesized less collagen I. The results show that the metabolic activity of aging fibroblasts decelerates and that aging fibroblasts lose their capacity to adhere to collagen fibers, thus limiting the possibility of organizing dermal tissue.

The potential of an active ingredient to compensate for the reduction of metabolic activity and to restore the contractile capacity of fibroblasts from the wrinkle was investigated. This effect was compared with a reference molecule, vitamin C.


This research is a first empirical investigation into the effect of mobile social app usage on consumers' decisions to visit offline stores and how such an effect varies across consumers and carries over time. The analysis combines data on mobile app usage at the individual consumer level with a fine-grained geolocation data set. The authors find a positive effect of social app usage on consumers' visits to brick-and-mortar stores. This effect is amplified by the consumer's mobility level and the offline store density in the consumer's neighborhood. The positive impact of social app usage carries over for up to nine days, indicating a short-term effect. Additional analyses indicate that such an effect is likely due to consumers' social discovery of product- and store-related information via word of mouth on strong-tie social apps (i.e., instant messaging apps). These results point to new opportunities for offline retailers seeking to acquire customers via the mobile channel.


The official language of the medieval Kingdom of Hungaria was Latin until the mid-nineteenth century (Szekfű, 1926); the throne was occupied from the second half of the sixteenth century by the Hapsburgs. The subsequent change to Hungarian was due to several factors, but was caused above all by the ideas of the French Revolution, and by the early anti-Austrian nationalistic endeavors of the Hungarian gentry, endeavors which also expressed the economic interests of the country. As soon as the official idiom of the kingdom became Hungarian, it triggered similar aspirations among the non-Magyar minority groups against the dominating and assimilating Hungarian majority. These aspirations were prominent among the causes of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy at the end of World War I. Within the former Kingdom of Hungary the Felvidék (Upper Land) roughly coincided with what was, after 1919, Slovakia. The eastern part of the kingdom, Ardeal/Erdély/Siebenbürgen/Transylvania, which had enjoyed a certain autonomy between the sixteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, became a part of Romania in the same year. Thus, both in Romania and in Slovakia (as also in Yugoslavia and to a lesser extent in Austria) a Hungarian minority was created by the 1919 borders. Revision of the peace treaties became the focal point of Hungarian politics in the inter-war period. During World War II Hungary attained a partial revision in respect to, first, the southern part of Slovakia, and also the entire Ruténföld/Rusinsko, which had from the 1920s been administered by the Czechoslovak State); second, northern Transylvania; and third, two further areas which had belonged to the then-dissolved Yugoslav kingdom. As a consequence of these revisions, a considerable number of non-Hungarians once again became minorities in the Hungarian State. After World War II, the 1919 borders were reinstated (with two exceptions: the major exception being that Ruténföld became part of Ukraine). The situation of the minorities was also reinstated, but differently in each instance. This was the age when some kind of democratic reconciliation was on the agenda in Romania (Balogh, 1985; Lázok and Vincze, 1995; "Mit kíván," 1946/1988), after a period of thorough self-searching and a synthesizing of historical research and political experience (see Bibó, 1946).


Distillation towers require control systems adjusted to rapidly reject loads. Temperature control of these units is normally carried out at the bottom and top of the column, increasing the tower response time. In this paper, a change in this temperature control configuration is proposed through the introduction of heating points distributed among the trays throughout the column. The proposed strategy was tested in an experimental unit with an ethanol-water mixture applying a conventional approach (control at bottom and top only) and the proposed distributed configuration (bottom, top and tower trays) with feed temperature disturbance. The results showed a significant reduction in the time required for the column to stabilize after the load introduction, compared with the conventional approach, making faster dynamics possible.


Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to produce detailed topologies of the Internet, but so far these data have been overlooked by economists. In this paper, we suggest that such information could be used to characterize both the size of the digital economy and outsourcing at country level. We analyse the topological structure of the network of trade in digital services (trade in bits) and compare it with the more traditional flow of manufactured goods across countries. To perform meaningful comparisons across networks with different characteristics, we define a stochastic benchmark for the number of connections among each country-pair, based on hypergeometric distribution. Original data are filtered so that we only focus on the strongest, i.e. statistically significant, links. We find that trade in bits displays a sparser and less hierarchical network structure, which is more similar to trade in high-skill manufactured goods than total trade. Moreover, distance plays a more prominent role in shaping the network of international trade in physical goods than trade in digital services.


Purpose: To identify OCT-based anatomical features and clinical characteristics for poor central retinal thickness (CRT) response to ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Patients and Methods: Investigating our electronic patient records (Eyeswide), patients with neovascular AMD treated with intravitreal injections of 0.5mg/0.05ml ranibizumab were identified and their notes reviewed. Data collected included gender, age, initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), prior photodynamic therapy, lesion type (classic versus occult), type of macular edema (intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, pigment epithelium detachment) and the total number of previous ranibizumab injections. Results: A total of 210 eyes of 182 patients with neovascular AMD were identified. Mean follow-up time was 1.34 years (SD ± 0.77). Central retinal thickness reduction in women was significantly inferior to that in men (p=0.05). Patients with cystoid type macular edema had significantly greater reduction in CRT compared to patients with subretinal fluid (p<0.001) or pigment epithelium detachment (p<0.001). The percentage drop of CRT was no longer statistically significant after the sixth injection. Age, initial BCVA, prior photodynamic therapy and lesion type had no statistically effect on CRT response. Conclusion: Risk factors for poor central retinal thickness response to ranibizumab include female gender and patients with predominant subretinal fluid or pigment epithelium detachment. Furthermore, the anatomical response decreased after the sixth injection of ranibizumab.


Using three-dimensional software Pro/E to establish model for the steering systems,importing the modle to Workbench and then post-forming finite element model after repairing and griding and calculating basing it.It will be gotten the stress distribution of the various components that exist in the steering system.Pointing out the inadequate and influencing factors of the steering system. Provide the important theoretical basis for improving the design.


From Metaphysics to Midrash: Myth, History, and the Interpretation of Scripture in Lurianic Kabbalah, by Shaul Magid. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008. 345 pp. $39.94. Shaul Magid has written a bold and intriguing book that should be stimulating to scholars of Jewish literature and intellectual thought. Utilizing five Scriptural narratives - one from each book of the Chumash - Magid shows how Lurianic Kabbalists imposed their own particular mystical interpretation on Scripture. Reconstructing the Lurianic Kabbalists' exegesis, he argues that their reading of Scripture linked contemporary sociological issues with metaphysical themes. Their most compelling societal issue was a preoccupation with the question of the conversos who wished to re-enter Judaism and the Jewish community. Their metaphysical preoccupation was the presence of Evil in a world that Torah proclaimed, "And God saw all that He had Made, and behold it was very good." Both these themes concerned a concept of "the Other." Each of the Scriptural narratives that Magid presents is a case study of the Other. In Genesis, Magid presents the Lurianic interpretation of Adam's sin as a way to introduce their view of Evil; in Exodus, he examines the Lurianic exegesis of the erev rav, the minority of non-Jews who accompanied the Jews out of Egypt, and who were responsible, according to some rabbinic interpretations, for the sin of the golden calf. In Leviticus, he discusses the prohibition against male homosexuality. In Numbers, Balaam is presented as the Other in contrast to Moses. And in Deuteronomy, the Torah as authoritative text is the Other when juxtaposed with the authority that is vested in the person Moses. In each case study, the Other turns out to be not a true other but a complement - part of a duality that is necessary for certain historical and metaphysical processes to complete their mission. Magid notes that making the Other (always ontologically impure) part of one's self is a paradoxical move for a religion that proclaims its special election as a "people apart," and who live lives of distinctiveness and separation. Magid explains that Lurianic thinkers can incorporate the impure into the pure because they hold a worldview that "all things contain their opposite; consequently, all otherness is only a temporary instantiation of the self." Chapters One and Two provide readers enough background information to understand the assumptions of Lurianic Kabbala. Magid introduces the notion of the sephirot, entities that, depending on what kabbalistic system one studies, are alternatively regarded as building blocks of the universe or aspects of God (often chatacterized as the entities that constitute the personality of God). In the Lurianic system, there is a reciprocal relationship - an ebb and flow - between the actions of people and the sephirot: the smallest movement in one realm effects the entire configuration of the other realm. Thus, the sephirot and creation are ontologically and cosmologically seamless. Adding to this seamlessness is the notion of soul inheritance (gilgul), which is a kind of recycling of souls into other souls. In the case study on Adam's sin, the system works in the following way: the sephirot that constitute primal Adam sin with the primal serpent, resulting in a spiritual or metaphysical blot on the soul. …


The decision process concerned with the selection of a launch vehicle, or more appropriately, transportation service, for a particular mission is complex because of the many attributes of launch vehicles that affect financial decision variables. Launch vehicle attributes include price, payment schedule, reliability, lift capability, final orbit placement accuracy, insurance rate, scheduling (including possible delays), and other factors. These influence financial decision variables such as return on investment and risk. A simulation model has been developed and used to convert the launch vehicle or service attributes into impacts on decision variables and resulting choices. Government R&D and policies may affect launch service attributes and hence may influence user choices and resulting market share (the indicator of competitiveness). This paper describes a quantitative method for comparing launch vehicles leading to more informed decisions. A simulation model is described that relates launch service attributes to decision variables with examples presented. In addition, a decision database is described through which the effect of government actions on decisions and market share may be evaluated.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) treatment and its effects on the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:A total of 86 UC patients were randomly classified into TCM treatment group(Treatment group,n=44) and sulfasalazine-treated group(Control group,n=42).Clinical symptoms,endoscopical findings,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in sera were evaluated 4 weeks after treatment.Results:Compared with Control group,colonicmucosal inflammation in Treatment group was significantly improved,and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 alsomarkedly decreased(P0.05).Conclusion:TCM treatment is effective to treat UC and down-regulate TNF-α and IL-6 secretion,which may be an pathway in clinical trail.


ABSTRACT The following essay turns to Britain's imperial past to unravel a knotty link between celebrations of Britain's civil infrastructure and Romantic authors' accounts of poetic prowess. Although the relationship between poetics, landscape, and architecture remains a core concern within Romantic literary criticism, little work studies the widely celebrated innovations of this period's civil engineers. But when we recognize how bridges, roadways, and canals from this era were rendered sublime both by influential poets such as Robert Southey and Britain's popular presses, we discover a troubling link between British infrastructural aesthetics, poetics, and empire. Studies on Romantic literature and architectural form tend to foreground ruins, and they typically theorize the decay of structures both actual and figurative. Left virtually unconsidered in these accounts is the technology of the bridge, not to mention grand undertakings like Thomas Telford's work on the expansive Holyhead Road project, its relation to colonial ideology, or to Southey, Telford's close acquaintance and Britain's Poet Laureate. Yet to bring these massive and widely celebrated infrastructural developments into conversation with historical and literary inquiry compels us to reconsider key intersections between national politics, sublime aesthetics, and architectural and poetic art born of the British Romantic movement.


The substitution of soy protein concentrates for soy flour in a USDA formulation for corn-soy blend and fortification with four calcium salts were investigated by functional, nutritional and preliminary sensory evaluations. A model system was used in an investigation of water absorption and Brookfield consistency of 4 soy concentrates, 2 powders and 2 grits, in the presence of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium phosphate tribasic and calcium lactate, at levels of 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg calcium/23.4 g concentrate and at 0 0 ambient temperature (22-25 C) and 50 C. One powder and one grit concentrate were selected for use in a corn-soy cereal. Cereals representing all combinations of the 2 concentrates with the 4 calcium salts at levels of 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg calcium/100 g cereal were evaluated at 50 C for water absorption and Brookfield consistency; the cereals also were evaluated for Bostwick and Brookfield consistency after cooking and cooling to 30 C. Cereals representing all combinations of the same concentrates and all 4 calcium salts at a calcium level of 540 mg/100 g diet were evaluated for nutritional quality by PER assay. One of the 2 concentrates, the powder, was tested in gruels containing all 4 calcium salts at a calcium level of 540 mg/100 g cereal. A panel of adults evaluated the gruel by the consumer texture profile technique and assessed the cereals' apparent acceptability when fed to infants. The effects of soy concentrate were similar in the model system and the uncooked food system; grit concentrates and the uncooked cereal containing grit concentrate absorbed more water and had greater


Objective To examine the status of knowledge,behavior and attitudes about hepatitis B among rural residents in Jiangxi province,and to provide evidence for hepatitis B prevention and control.Methods A on-site questionnaire investigation was administered to all rural residents ≥18 years old selected with cluster sampling method from areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B in Jiangxi province.Results Among 2 192 residents,the awareness rate of hepatitis B was 44.19% and educational level and age were correlated with the level of basic knowlledge of hepatitis B.Conclusion The awarness tate of hepatitis B in rural residents of Jiangxi province is low.It is important to strengthen education program on hepatitis B control and prevention among the residents.


Paralysis or loss of strength resulting from stroke requires patients to undergo extensive rehabilitation therapy. It is known that intensive therapy contributes significantly to recovery, but as the number of surviving stroke patients increases, it is difficult for clinics to provide patients with the optimal level of therapy. Robotic devices for wrist rehabilitation have been developed to lessen these problems, but at the moment they are physically large and must be used within a clinical setting. More benefit could be obtained if the devices were portable, so that they could be used by the patients on a daily basis. To reduce the size of these devices, other means of actuation need to be considered, as currently DC motors and the required transmission are too large and heavy. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) may provide a solution to the actuation problem. The focus of this thesis was to compare DC motors with DEAs for use in a wearable wrist exoskeleton to assist with stroke rehabilitation. A simple setup of the forearm, wrist, and hand was developed for testing DC motors and DEAs. For testing the DC motors, kinematic and dynamic models of the arm were created to develop an inverse dynamics controller used to control the movement of the hand. DEAs were fabricated and tested to determine their capabilities in terms of force and range of motion. Based on the data collected, an electromechanical model was optimized to characterize the behavior of the DEAs. The results show that a single DEA strip of reasonable dimensions is not capable of providing the force or range of motion required for a wearable wrist exoskeleton. Future work can be done to improve DEA design so that they may actuate a wearable wrist exoskeleton or could also be considered for use in other wearable rehabilitation devices.


This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of supersonic flows with shock waves in a divergent symmetric nozzle of an opening angle ranging from 2 � to 6 � . At certain Mach number values the shock pattern becomes asymmetric. This asymmetry is analysed here for different values of velocity upstream of the shock wave and for different nozzle divergence angles. Only the divergent part of the nozzle is considered. Supersonic conditions at the nozzle inlet were prescribed with a chosen Mach number value Ma>1. The inlet velocity profile included a turbulent boundary layer profile on side walls. The steady flow simulation was applied for nozzle opening angles, �, of 1.877 � , 2.5 � and 3 � , whereas the unsteady approach was necessary for a nozzle of the divergence angle �=6.54 � to obtain a converged solution. The asymmetry of the shock structure is visible in the unevenness of the heights of both �-feet. It happens at the same Mach number, at the same boundary layer and with the same geometrical constraints. This is in contradiction with our current understanding of the parameters affecting �-foot size. The paper provides an explanation of this problem.


Abstract : This research effort sought to develop basic mathematical models and algorithms to perform classification and pattern recognition on large, heterogeneous data sets. To handle the large amounts of data, the principal investigator employed sparse representations to a two - fold effect. First, the effective dimensionality of the data is greatly reduced, allowing the discovery of meaningful connections among disparate data which is essential for classification. Second, the data dimension reduction technique used lends itself well to fast processing and accurate algorithms. To this end, several research directions were pursued. An efficient algorithm for approximating Dantzig selectors, which provide sparse minimal l1 - norm vectors solving a linear regression problem, is presented. The Dantzig selector model and algorithm is then extended to incorporate overcomplete dictionaries, which allows one to explore data separation, classification, and pattern recognition in heterogeneous data sets. Finally, new research is presented approximating high dimensional generalized Fourier series with a focus upon using the series for a novel method to perform rotational invariant pattern recognition in images.


Aiming at present situation of experimental teaching,the method and process of experimental teaching combining scientific research were explored.The feasibility and effectiveness of the method in improving teaching quality were explained by scientific research and teaching examples.


The USDA Nutrition Evidence Library (NEL) plays an integral role in the development of national nutrition policy. The public health community uses a systematic, evidence‐based approach to review scientific literature for developing health promotion and prevention guidelines. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide science‐based advice to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk. They also serve as the foundation of national nutrition policy, programs, and educational efforts. USDA developed the NEL as a web‐based system with a set of tools to support the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee and other efforts to improve the nutritional well‐being of Americans. The NEL provides portfolios of evidence worksheets and management tools to support each step in the evidence‐based process, including research question formulation, literature search and sort plan development, evidence analysis and quality assessment, and rating the strength of the conclusion and recommendations. Completed reports and supporting documents will be archived in the NEL and made accessible to stakeholders and the public. This library will ensure that the relevant, timely, high‐quality, and understandable presentation of evidence is available to support translation of nutrition research into policies that promote the health of the US population.


Comparing measured and predicted chromatographic retention time can improve molecular structure assignment in applications such as coupled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We assess a range of different machine learning methods to predict hydrophobicity, a molecular property that can be used as a proxy for retention time. The performance of the models is evaluated on the benchmark Martel and SAMPL7 datasets. We find that more powerful models perform better when predicting in-sample but not necessarily when generalizing to out-of-sample molecular families. We also find that ensemble methods can outperform individual models. Additionally, a multitask learning model shows promise for improving the generalization ability of graph neural networks for hydrophobicity prediction. Finally, we discuss how the ability of graph neural networks to generalize for molecular property prediction could be improved further.


The catalytic performance of Ag- and Co3O4-impregnated strontium titanium ferrite (SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3-δ, STF) has been assessed in methanol steam reforming as a test reaction and accordingly correlated with spectroscopic and structural characterization after each step of a catalytic cycle including pre-oxidation and pre-reduction. After pre-reduction in hydrogen at 400 °C, metallic silver and oxidized Co in the form of Co3O4 are present. As for catalysis, it was observed that both Ag and Co3O4 are strongly promoting the methanol chemistry with respect to pure STF already at low temperatures (230 °C for both materials). As a consequence, the selectivity towards carbon monoxide is strongly enhanced in comparison to pure STF. On Co3O4-STF, the catalytic profile is basically dominated by a temperature-dependent complex interplay between methanol steam reforming, methanol dehydrogenation and the water-gas shift equilibrium. The results also prove that despite the obvious inadequacy of H2-prereduced Ag-STF to act a...


The paper analyzes the objectives and principles of military enterprise equipment technique inventory operations,designs a three-level technique inventory strategy which can help the enterprises in areas of equipment development and inventory cost reduction,etc.


,Press critics and journalists have long debated the wisdom of quoting "highranking officials" and other unnamed news sources. Such sources have gotten credit for revealing the secret bombing of Cambodia, the My Lai massacre and the Watergate cover-up. Reston has referred to the news leak as a "safety valve for democracy."l On the debit side, veiled sources have sometimes proven wrong, embarrassing the newsmen who quoted them.2 Bigname leakers have been able to get big play for unsupported statements of intuition and opinion.) Readers have gotten little information about why a news source says what he says4 Also, leaks allegedly subvert grand juries and deprive defendants of their rights. Recently, "Deep Throat" of Watergate fame5 and Agnew's "Close Associate"6 have brought the veiled source into the spotlight. However, little research has shed light on how many news consumers


Purpose of the Study: The first European Restart a Heart Day was held on October 16th 2013, with the purpose of creating awareness of OHCA and the importance of bystander CPR. Material and methods:...


An anhydrous lithium chloride extraction from lithium-containing brines. As extraction with tributyl phosphate, complexing agents can be recycled to the extract. Lithium chloride can be extracted directly from brine. No waste pollution of the present invention, significant economic benefits, lithium chloride per ton generates about 8000 to 10,000 yuan.


The literatures consultation and logical analysis made possible this research on development of PE teachers′ professions.The findings proves that there is shift of mode in PE teachers′ professions,a transfer from pattern of "External Objectivity" to that of "Internal Subjectivity" and then to "Inter-subjectivity".The change is accompanied by a change of the people′s attitudes towards humanity,knowledge as well as learning.It is then pointed out that the development of PE teachers' professions should be redirected from the idealistic guidance into the right track of practical-reflective and ecological guidance,the two wings to jointly set into sky the development of PE teachers′ professions.It is advocated that PE teachers should set in motion the introspection and communication,so called activities of subjective participation.Only by this way can they begin to actively improve,as subjective as they possibly are,their professional capacity.


This study is about "Rewang tradition as in the implementation of javanese wedding party". This study intends to explain about rewang tradition as the social exchange in society in the implementation of wedding party, and the exchange tradition between one people comunity with others in the implementation of javanese wedding party. This study is located in village of Petapahan Jaya Sp-1 Tapung Kampar.In this study, the author used qualitative descriptive type of research that describes and explains the data through reasoning based logic to logical conclusions about the data being analyzed, so can to show a systematic picture of the situation about factors assosiated with the phenomenon being examined without use count statisticts. Data collection techniques is using snowball, observation interviews and documentation. Based on the data analysis, the conclusion of the rewang tradition about the exchange sistem is there are reciprocal exchange and happened so long. Then the people often refer to it as savings in the future when someday people will hold the wedding party. In the rewang tradition the things whose exchanged is not money but the things whose contents raw materials for fulfillment of the presentment in the implementation of wedding party. Keywords: Rewang, Marriage Custom, Traditional Javanese


The surface stress is a key diagnostic in wall bounded turbulent flows. Large fluctuations in the stress are believed to be associated with intermittent 'bursting' events during which a large proportion of the turbulence production takes place. If this is so, then a detailed investigation of the structure of the surface stress and its spatial relationship to events within the flow could have wide application in drag reduction and other aspects of flow control. The initial phase of this project, therefore, concentrated on the surface stress field. The first objective is to carry out a statistical analysis of the instantaneous surface stress in a simulated turbulent channel flow, including comparison with multipoint experimental data from a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. The second objective is to apply a simple pattern recognition procedure to educe the characteristic spatial structure of various flow diagnostics. The final objective is to extend the pattern recognition analysis to examine the whole three dimensional structure of the flow.


The idea for the iHELP project originates in 2011. Disturbing statistics related to cardiovascular disease (i.e. 224 people a day die from sudden cardiac arrest in UK) made us think about how to enable the general public with an accessible and above all faster assistance, which is essential in order to ensure survival. The aim of the iHELP project is to have the largest rescue network that will be present locally and globally, and thus offer faster emergency help! We want to reduce the current high rate of mortality in the event of sudden cardiac arrest; increase the awareness about possible ways to help victims of cardiac arrest; assist local communities in setting up the defibrillators; and help business partners save their customers and employees, because this way whole society can save a lot of money. iHELP project has set a goal to place around 20,000 Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) in the world in five years, and by doing so we will enable a greater probability of survival in the event of sudden cardiac arrest.


Dr. Thomas McKeown, Professor ofSocial Medicine, University ofBirmingham: There is at present no general agreement as to the place of social and preventive medicine in the undergraduate curriculum, and the subject matter, time allotted, and policy in respect of examination, vary considerably from one university to another. This is not to say that most people cannot agree on a number of topics which should be included in the syllabus, for example the organization of medical services, the work of the preventive services, and (in association with the clinical departments) consideration of the social complications of illness. But it is somehow unsatisfactory that we are unable to define the contemporary role of the subject in simple terms.


This invention provides a preparation method of an antioxidant corrosion inhibitor for oilfield sewage treatment. The preparation method is carried out according to the steps of: a. adding 8-12 molar parts of amine , 15-35 molar parts of D-ribose, 0.5-5 molar parts of alcohol and 0.01-0.5 molar part of a catalyst into a reaction container, conducting heating, and leaving them to react at 80-85DEG C and under normal pressure for 1-10h; and b. slowly adding 8-10 molar parts of sodium hydroxide and 26-34 molar parts of water into the reaction container in step a, stirring them for 1-3h, then adding 10-15 molar parts of orthophthalic dimethyl thiourea at 90-150 DEG C, and making them react for 2-8h to obtain a product. The amine is diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or polyethylene polyamine. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or glycerol. And the catalyst is formic acid, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.