Efficient and accurate solution of electromagnetic boundary value problems involving electrically-large and geometrically complex objects continue to challenge us, because they present a heavy burden on the CPU time and memory. During recent years, various domain decomposition schemes that are based on iterative techniques have been proposed to solve large-scale electromagnetic scattering problems by partitioning the original problem into smaller and manageable subproblems [1-4].


Cu and Fe species formed during the preparation of Cu/ and Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts by ion exchange were studied. XRD, SEM, H2-TPR, DRS-UV-VIS, EPR, Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MOSS) and chemical analysis (AAS) were used to sample characterization. Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts, irrespective of their Si/Al ratio and Cu content, showed a reduction peak at around 210 °C, which was attributed to the reduction of Cu+2 to Cu+1. The reduction peak of Cu+1 to Cu0 shifted to higher temperatures with the increase of Si/Al ratio or with the diminution of Cu/Al ratio, evidencing that isolated Cu cations present a higher interaction with the zeolite structure. The MOSS data showed the presence of Fe+3 species in charge-compensation sites and a higher content of hematite (Fe2O3) in the catalysts prepared in aqueous medium. The EPR analysis also evidenced the Cu+2 and Fe+3 presence in Cu and Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts, respectively.


Two clarifications are needed. The Laplace transform inversion algorithm used in the numerical method described in the paper [1] differs essentially from the one implemented in the DLAINV FORTRAN subroutine described in [27] only in that: (1) the discretizacion error is strictly controlled using the values for a given by the third displayed equation on page 94, left column and the first two displayed equations on page 94, right column; (2) T is taken equal to 8t instead of 16t; (3) the series accelerated by the epsilon algorithm is the one given by the last displayed equation on page 92, right column, with the shift described after that equation; and (4) Brzinski's recursion described in [29] is used when important cancellations are detected in the standard implementation of the epsilon algorithm. The results for the C.mmp system example were obtained for lP 1⁄4 lM 1⁄4 10 h, lS 1⁄4 10 h and mP 1⁄4 mM 1⁄4 mS 1⁄4 1 h, and RRL was run taking as regenerative state the single state without failed components.


R and D project to investigate thermal-hydraulic performance in tight-lattice rod bundles of Innovative Water Reactor for Flexible Fuel Cycle (FLWR) is started at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in collaboration with power company, reactor vendors, universities since 2002. The FLWR can attain the favorable characteristics such as effective utilization of uranium resources, multiple recycling of plutonium, high burn-up and long operation cycle, based on matured LWR technologies. MOX fuel assemblies with tight lattice arrangement are used to increase the conversion ratio by reducing the moderation of neutron. Increasing the in-core void fraction also contributes to the reduction of neutron moderation. The confirmation of thermal-hydraulic feasibility is one of the most important R and D items for the FLWR because of the tight lattice configuration. In this paper, we will show the R and D plan and summarize experimental studies. The experimental study is performed mainly using large-scale (37-rod bundle) test facility. Most important objective of the large-scale test is to resolve a fundamental subject whether the core cooling under a tight-lattice configuration is feasible. The characteristics of critical power and flow behavior are investigated under different geometrical configuration and boundary conditions. The configuration parameter is the gap between rodsmore » (FY2004) and the rod bowing (FY2005). We have confirmed the thermal-hydraulic feasibility from the experimental results. (authors)« less


Objectives To examine whether hurricane exposure, lack of access to medical care (LAMC), and displacement during Hurricane Sandy were associated with PTSD and other mental health (MH) symptoms among older adult New York residents. Methods Participants (N = 411) were ≥60 years old at the time of survey data collection (1–4 years post-Sandy). Outcomes included PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms and stress. Hurricane exposure, displacement, and LAMC were primary predictors. Results Older adults with greater hurricane exposure had increased PTSD, anxiety, and stress symptoms. LAMC had a strong association (ORadj = 4.11) with PTSD symptoms but was not associated with other MH symptoms. Displacement was not associated with MH outcomes. Discussion This is the first study to examine exposure, displacement, and LAMC together and to examine their varying impacts on different MH outcomes among older adults post-hurricane. Findings support the importance of disaster preparedness interventions tailored to the MH needs of community-dwelling older adults.


In this work we prove the existence of a global attractor for the non local evolution equation ∂m (r,t) ∂t = −m(r, t )+t anh (βJ ∗ m(r, t)) in the space of τ - periodic functions, for τ sufficiently large. We also show the existence of non constant (unstable) equilibria in these spaces.


Contemporary musical aesthetics, as a field in the hu- manities, does not typically argue for the existence of aesthetic universals. However, in the field of computa- tional creativity, universals are actively sought, with a view to codification and implementation. This article critiques some statistical and information-based methods that have been used in computational creativity, in particular their application in assessing aesthetic value of musical works, rather than the more modest claim of stylistic characterization. Standard applications of Zipf's Law and Information Rate are argued to be inadequate as computational measures of aesthetic value in musical styles where noise, repetition or stasis are valued fea- tures. We describe three of these musical expressions, each with its own aesthetic criteria, and examine several exemplary works for each. Lacking, to date, is a computational framework able to account for socio-political and historical implications of creative processes. Beyond quantitative evaluations of artistic phenomena, we ar- gue for deeper intersections between computer science, philosophy, history and psychology of art.


This paper reviews the recent progress in the development of CO_(2) and pH fiber optic chemical sensors with a focus on the pH-sensitive reagent-based optical chemical sensors.


Prince Edward Island is Canada's smallest province, with a predominately rural economy based upon agriculture. It also happens to have an excellent wind resource, with a capacity factor in excess of 50 percent recorded in some locations. Since the province is almost entirely dependent upon imported energy (from oil for transportation and home heating to electricity for most other applications), the provincial government has proposed that 200 MW of wind capacity be installed by 2010. This paper considers the possibility of meeting some of the Island's residential space heating requirements with energy from the 200 MW of capacity using one of four methods: electric baseboard heating, off-peak ETS (Electric Thermal Storage), anytime ETS, and generator-supplied ETS. The cost of electricity and the potential greenhouse gas reductions are included in this paper.


Chronic physical activity modifies blood leukocyte profile and phagocytosis rate of stressed rats Moderate physical exercise may be beneficial for immune system, unlike a stress state. The present study intended to verify if a chronic physical exercise performed before a stress state can change the blood leukocyte profile and the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages. Male Wistar rats (n=61) were assigned to 4 groups: non-exercised (NE), non-exercised plus stress (NE+S), exercised (E) and exercised plus stress (E+S). The exercised groups (E and E+S) were submitted to swimming exercise during six weeks (45 min/day, 5 days p/week and overload until 3% of body weight). The stress groups (NE+S and E+S) were submitted to an acute restrain stress (40 min) 24 hours after the last bout of exercise. The blood red series were not altered in all studied groups. However, when compared to NE group, the non-exercised animals submitted to stress showed a decrease in the total number of leukocytes with a reduced number of lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophil count. These alterations were not observed in exercised animals (E+S). The phagocytic ratio of macrophages increased in E group and did not show any decrease in E+S group. Our results suggest that physical exercise performed during six weeks attenuates the stress-induced alterations in the leukocyte profile and enhances the phagocytic function of macrophages. More studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical significance and the mechanism of such alterations.


The glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily in plants has been subdivided into eight classes, seven of which (phi, tau, zeta, theta, lambda, dehydroascorbate reductase, and tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase) are soluble and one is microsomal. Since their identification in plants in 1970, these enzymes have been well established as phase II detoxification enzymes that perform several other essential functions in plant growth and development. These enzymes catalyze nucleophilic conjugation of the reduced form of the tripeptide glutathione to a wide variety of hydrophobic, electrophilic, and usually cytotoxic substrates. In plants, the conjugated product is either sequestered in the vacuole or transferred to the apoplast. The GSTs of phi and tau classes, which are plant-specific and the most abundant, are chiefly involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Zeta- and theta-class GSTs have very restricted activities towards xenobiotics. Theta-class GSTs are glutathione peroxidases and are involved in oxidative-str...


The invention provides a tool changing method and a machine tool. The machine tool is composed of a tool changing mechanism and control devices which control actions of all parts. The tool changing mechanism is composed of a main shaft, a main shaft rotation drive mechanism, a tool magazine, a rotion shaft and a drive motor, an angle position detector and a tool change arm, wherein the main shaft is rotatably supported by a main shaft holder; the main shaft rotation drive mechanism rotates the main shaft; the tool magazine is disposed on a side of the main shaft holder; the rotation shaft and the drive motor which rotates the rotation shaft are disposed at the lower end of the tool magazine; the angle position detector is disposed on the drive motor; and the tool change arm has gripping units on both ends. After interchanging a tool mounted on the main shaft and a new tool held in a tool rack, when rotating the tool change arm to an intermediate position, rotation of the main shaft is started as soon as the new tool mounted on the main shaft and the gripping units are out of contact with each other.


Chamaecrista Moench is a genus of caesalpinioid legumes with about 330 species mostly from the New World. The phylogeny of the genus was studied using sequence data from nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA spacers, representing all six sections of Chamaecrista. Separate and combined analyses recovered the same major clades with high bootstrap and posterior probabilities support, except for the subclades of representatives of sections Caliciopsis, Chamaecrista, and Xerocalyx. The monophyly of Chamaecrista was highly supported in all analyses. Sections Apoucouita and Xerocalyx were supported as monophyletic, sect. Absus was paraphyletic and subsect. Baseophyllum was resolved more closely related to species of sections Chamaecrista, Caliciopsis, and Xerocalyx than to subsect. Absus. The monotypic section Grimaldia was embedded within subsect. Absus. Section Chamaecrista was paraphyletic with respect to sections Caliciopsis and Xerocalyx. Our analyses suggest that the diversification patterns in Chamaecrista occurred through an initial shift from rainforest trees to a more diverse clade of savannah shrubs. Within the latter group, two main subclades were recovered: (1) a planaltine and high-mountain clade characterized by absence of extrafloral nectaries and the appearance of sticky glandular hairs; and (2) a mostly herbaceous clade with axillary fascicled inflorescences and reduced chromosome numbers. This last group is more diverse in open grassland areas and includes many colonizers of waste ground.


Advanced composites known as polymer matrix composites (PMCs) or fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been shown to be structurally very efficient in the seismic retrofit of constructed facilities. Light weight and ease of application also result in cost effective retrofit measures despite higher material costs compared to conventional retrofit systems. Design and application issues with advanced composite retrofits are discussed together with structural performance validations from large and full scale laboratory experiments. Examples for seismic response and retrofit design will include laboratory tests and field applications on seismic retrofits of structural concrete wall buildings and reinforced concrete bridge columns. Detailed design guidelines for seismic retrofits using FRPs are presented together with critical detailing and application issues.


The Management Science Group at Merrill Lynch Private Client has had a huge monetary impact at Merrill Lynch and has influenced executive strategies, tactics, and policies. It has also been recognized internationally with several coveted professional awards. This paper examines the underlying structural aspects that led to such excellence and business impact. Behind these successes lies a thoughtful approach that is keenly focused on following a set of core values, viewing and treating people with respect, and practicing disciplined and structured processes. Of these, we value the people as the most important dimension; therefore, we give our analysts the time and freedom to self-actualize---to excel in their own way. We promote such excellence at the individual level and encourage it to spill over to the business side with huge business successes and impact. We show the "how-to"---how we can structure for excellence and sustain it.


A new water tunnel, incorporating a slotted wall working section, was found to suffer from severe vibration. A theoretical explanation is given for this, together with experimental evidence gleaned from this water tunnel and a small wind tunnel. It is shown that the oscillations are hydrodynamic in origin and are associated with the slotted wall design. Consideration is given to methods of elimination or reduction of the oscillations.


SummaryA double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in 54 depressed in-patients to compare the antidepressant efficacy and side-effects of 60 mg mianserin per day with that of 150 mg imipramine per day over a 28-day period. With regard to clinical efficacy, no significant differences could be found between the two treatments assessed using a number of different rating scales. The overall frequency of side-effects was significantly lower with mianserin than with imipramine. Autonomic symptoms increased in severity during treatment with imipramine but not with mianserin, and patients treated with imipramine had a reduction in blood pressure which was not observed during mianserin treatment.


Abstract Germination tests were carried out using immature seeds of Limodorum abortivum and applying in vitro techniques. The results proved that BM1 culture medium is suitable to promote both germination and further growth stages. Details of the developmental pattern, and some micromorphological features, are described.


The aim of the present study was to develop oral multiparticulate pulsatile drug delivery system for hypoglycemic agent 'glipizide'. Time dependent rupturable system was selected for delivering glipizide in a pulsatile pattern. In the present study, two types of particles were prepared i. e. Type 1 (immediate release type) and Type 2 (delayed release type). Extrusion and spheronization process was selected to prepare particles, wherein lactose and microcrystalline cellulose mixture (2:1) was used as processing aid. Various parameters of extrusion and spheronization process were optimized in order to meet desired particle size distribution, shape and flow properties. Immediate release Type 1 particle was optimized to achieve more than 80% drug release within 30 min for which surfactant approach was employed to overcome the dissolution rate related issue of the glipizide. Delayed release pattern of Type 2 particles was achieved by coating hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and ethyl cellulose. Various coating parameters were optimized to attain efficient coating of the particles. Different concentrations of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (5 and 3.5% w/w E-15 grade) and ethyl cellulose (5 and 3% w/w) were studied for release pattern for Type 2 particles. Final formulation was characterized using for particles size, flow properties and surface morphology. To examine the drug release, dissolution studies were performed. Pharmacokinetics studies in Sprague Dawley rats reveal improved oral bioavailability of glipizide following oral administration.


Spectrophotometric study has been made on the reaction intermediates generated by ..gamma..-irradiation in glassy toluene at 77 K. Benzyl and methylcyclohexadienyl radicals are generated roughly in equal amounts, and the total yield (G value) of the radicals is 0.19. The addition of biphenyl results in the formation of biphenyl anion and cation and depletes the radical yield by 40%. The results indicate that the excited-state toluene, the precursor of the radicals, is generated by recombination of ions as well as by the direct effect of the radiation on toluene.


We have measured changes in small-signal gain spectra of an optical amplifier caused by the presence of a second signal at a different wavelength. The results are applicable to the use of amplifiers in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems. These spectra also provide a measurement of the spectrum of ?, the linewidth-broadening factor.


One of the topical issues that refer to legal status of foreign residents who live in host countries is the change of a purpose of entering this country, which entails the change of their immigration status. The paper deals with the issues of legal regulation of immigration status of foreign citizens, analyzes the experience of both foreign countries and the Russian Federation in resolving the issue of changing the immigration status without leaving a country. The authors have made some proposals on improving the system of legal regulation in the Russian Federation, which would help efficiently solve the problem under analysis.


This paper proposes a fast algorithm detecting license plates in various conditions. There are three main contributions in this paper. The first contribution is that we define a new vertical edge map, with which the license plate detection algorithm is extremely fast. The second contribution is that we construct a cascade classifier which is composed of two kinds of classifiers. The classifiers based on statistical features decrease the complexity of the system. They are followed by the classifiers based on Haar-features, which make it possible to detect license plate in various conditions. Our algorithm is robust to the variance of the illumination, view angle, the position, size and color of the license plates when working in complex environment. The third contribution is that we experimentally analyze the relations of the scaling factor with detection rate and processing time. On the basis of the analysis, we select the optimal scaling factor in our algorithm. In the experiments, both high detection rate (with low false positive rate) and high speed are achieved when the algorithm is used to detect license plates in various complex conditions.


Fulfilling asymptotic stability of Model Predictive Control formulation is not an easy task. Concepts like terminal cost and terminal region are often required. Previously developed approaches provide lesser options for the terminal region computation. Current work presents an approach based on linear quadratic regulator with a explanatory case study. The approach involves finding solution in the steady state to Lyapunov equations and later simulating the discrete time con-troller. A standard dual state mathematically complex system is chosen for demonstration. Larger terminal regions assist in making some otherwise infeasible initial conditions feasible with prediction and control horizon length of 1. Area of terminal region computed using LQR based approach is approximately 9.5 times bigger than the area of the terminal region computed using the literature approach.


*Correspondence to: Charles H. Luce, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise Aquatic Sciences Laboratory, 316 E. Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702, USA. E-mail: email@example.com Forest roads are an important environmental issue. While many scientists interested in hydrology recognize climate-altering processes as an important global issue, there are problems that are similar in scope and magnitude because human industriousness has brought them to so many parts of the world. Almost everywhere people live and work they build and use unimproved roads, and wherever the roads go, a range of environmental issues follows. Among the environmental effects of unimproved roads, those on water quality and aquatic ecology are some of the most critical. Increased chronic sedimentation, in particular, can dramatically change the food web in affected streams, lakes, and oceans and reduces the effectiveness of drinking water treatment, which compounds problems of access to safe drinking water in developing regions. Low-standard roads accessing agricultural and forest lands comprise much of the extent of roads and probably affect the greatest area. Effects of roads on sediment generation are closely tied to runoff generation and redistribution processes. The nearly impervious nature of road surfaces (or treads) makes them unique within forested environments and causes runoff generation even in mild rainfall events, leading to chronic fine sediment contributions of minor magnitude to water bodies. In some circumstances, much greater volumes of runoff can be generated by cutslopes, which may play an important role in more severe erosion processes. Lateral redistribution of runoff generated by roads (lateral to the natural hillslope) can greatly affect slope stability and peak discharges of small streams (Montgomery, 1994; Jones and Grant, 1996; Wemple et al., 1996; Thomas and Megahan, 1998; Croke and Mockler, 2001). If we look at the issue of what we need to learn or the research priorities for forest road hydrology, I would argue that the areas of cutslope hydrology and effectiveness of restoration efforts are perhaps most critical. I base this on the idea that research priorities hinge on the uncertainty exposed in existing research and the influence of that uncertainty on future decisions and designs. A great deal of literature on forest roads focuses on the road tread because of the obvious contrast with surrounding forest lands. They are described as almost ideal surfaces for infiltration excess (Horton) overland flow, with a narrow range of hydraulic conductivities (Reid and Dunne, 1984; Flerchinger and Watts, 1987; Luce and Cundy, 1994; Luce, 1997; Ziegler and Giambelluca, 1997; Croke et al.,


With the globlization of economy,English,as the important tool for international communication,kindergartener's English education is becoming a hot topic in education circle.But there exist quite a lot of questions worthy of thinking in it,such as the importance,training aim,teaching method and teaching materials choose,etc.All of these should be solved properly,which is the necessity of kindergartener's English education healthy development.


Different types of hybrid constructions, consisting of glass and another material, are analyzed or even newly developed focusing on an optimal structural interaction between both materials and in respect to architectural, static-structural and fabrication criteria. The new, high transparent structural element — hybrid steel-glass beam consists of steel flanges, glass web and bonded connection between them. Long glued joint realized by polymer adhesive is the key element of the structure, therefore the key aspect of the development is the detailing of the steelglass interface and choice of the suitable adhesive. Wide range of adhesives with different mechanical and deformational properties was involved to experimental program. Non-linear Finite Element material models were created in accordance with the results of material tests and than calibrated on steel-glass connection tests. Properly working numerical models of the adhesive layer are being involved to the complex FE model of the hybrid beam and verif...


Lucia Pradella L'Attualita del 'Capitale': Accumulazione e Impoverimento nel Capitalismo Globale II Poligrafo: Padua, Italy, 2010; 406 pp: 9788871156866, 27 [pounds sterling] (pbk) Literature on capitalist development has tended to take the form of studies of underdevelopment in the global South, and studies of neoliberalism in the global North. Informed by her research conducted on the articles and writings of Marx and Engels on colonialism and pre-capitalist societies, published in Italian in this volume, ' The contemporary relevance of Capital: Accumulation and impoverishment in global capitalism (my translation), Lucia Pradella succeeds in providing a clear, systematic and elegant exposition of how to approach the global economy through a study of capitalist development rooted in Marxist fundamentals. In Chapter 1, Pradella reminds us that the contradictory dynamic of capitalism develops from the social antagonism between capital and labour: the class struggle. Through an analysis of the latter, the limits of capital as a social relation become apparent to observation. The struggle of the working class can therefore he treated as an irreducible part of the object of study of contemporary social, political and economic inquiry (p. 23). Following Marx, Pradella discusses the impoverishment of the labourer as a direct consequence of the sale of labour-power--rendering an irreducible part of human species-being an external, objective entity confronting all workers. According to Marx, 'as the number of the co-operating workers increases, so too does their resistance to the domination of capital, and, necessarily, the pressure put on by capital to overcome this resistance' (1990: 448-449). An immediate result of this is that the capitalists' planning, command and surveillance of production becomes a necessary condition of the production process. Therefore, the 'unavoidable antagonism' inherent to the capitalist production process further develops. However, when brought together as labour-power purchased by capital, workers become increasingly unable to enjoy the fruits of their cooperative labour. This socially productive power of labour thus 'develops as a free gift to capital', and workers 'enter relations with the capitalist, but not with each other' (Marx 1990: 450-451). Furthermore, 'this "illusion" is almost as important a source of counter-revolutionary energy as commodity fetishism ... since it seems to give capital the credit for organising production and reproduction' (Caffentzis 2010: 29). In Chapters 2 and 3, Pradella demonstrates a formidable grasp of Marx's method, and therefore of the particular textual and contextual purchase of the categories and concepts deployed in the whole of his works. Like Marx, she treats cooperation as the fundamental and permanent form of capitalist development--making advances in productivity appear to be external to workers' species-being (pp. 90-95). But by bringing the circuits, cycles and chains of global commodity production, consumption and exchange to the fore, Pradella equips the reader with an account that is rid of relational strictness, and thus better placed to analyse the emergent properties of capitalist development. (1) In other words, the author reinvigorates Marx's discussion of the relation between cooperation and working-class organisation and resistance through an in-depth exploration grounded in the concrete historical developments of the capitalist mode of production. Pradella therefore enables us to observe that on a grand scale, cooperation finds a concrete manifestation in the contradictory international expansion of the field of waged labour--whereby working-class autonomy is increasingly frustrated by workers' dependence on the money-form. As a result, a global analysis of the social conditions of the proletariat is possible, but requires more than just a focus on waged labour. With this in mind, through a careful process of abstraction Pradella acknowledges the differentiated and stratified conditions of the global working class--including peasants and independent producers--and renders the impoverishment of the proletariat as a structural consequence of capitalist accumulation and development (2) (p. …


Atmospheric scattering model (ASM) has been widely used in hazy image restoration. However, the recovered albedo might deviate from the real scene once the input hazy image cannot fully satisfy the model's assumptions such as the homogeneous atmosphere and even illumination. In this paper, we break these limitations and redefine a more reliable ASM (RASM) that is extremely adaptable for various practical scenarios. Benefiting from RASM, a simple yet effective Bayesian dehazing algorithm (BDPK) is further proposed based on the prior knowledge. Our strategy is to convert the single image dehazing problem into a maximum a-posteriori probability one that can be approximated as an optimization function using the existing priori constraints. To efficiently solve this optimization function, the alternating minimizing technique is introduced, which enables us to directly restore the scene albedo. Experiments on a number of challenging images reveal the power of BDPK on removing haze and verify its superiority over several state-of-the-art techniques in terms of quality and efficiency.


The history of the women's movement in Iraq before 1958 has received little attention in contemporary scholarly literature published in English. Moreover, when surveying the brief accounts in secondary sources, one is struck by their inconsistency. Upon closer examination, two historiographical approaches emerge. One primarily follows the development of women's activities sanctioned by the regime, focusing on organizations and activists associated with the Iraqi Women's Union, established in 1945. The second approach traces developments and organizations linked with the underground League for the Defense of Women's Rights, founded in 1952. This essay argues that members of the rival union and league constructed two competing narratives in presenting the history of the women's movement in pre-1958 Iraq. The article unpacks these two different narratives as they were originally articulated by activists in order to piece together a more elaborate portrayal of the evolution of the early Iraqi women's movement. The essay also explores how scholars have reproduced these narratives, arguing that both activists and researchers were active participants in a "war of narratives" that left women's history the unfortunate casualty


An anode dissolution of binary metallic lead–bismuth alloys with different concentrations of components has been studied in the KCl–PbCl2 molten eutectic. The dissolution of lead is found to be a basic process for the alloys of Pb–Bi (59.3–40.7), Pb–Bi (32.5–67.5), Pb–Bi (7.0–93.0) compositions in the whole interval of studied anode current densities. A limiting diffusion current of lead dissolution was observed at 2 A/cm2 and 0.1 A/cm2 for the alloys of Pb–Bi (5.0–95.0) and Pb–Bi (3.0–97.0) compositions, respectively. The dissolution of bismuth takes place at the anode current densities exceeding the mentioned values. The number of electrons participating in the electrode reactions is detected for each mechanism. Based on the theoretical analysis, the experimental electrolysis of bismuth was performed in the laboratory-scale electrolytic cell with a porous ceramic diaphragm. The final product contained pure bismuth with a lead concentration of 3.5 wt.%.


The paper introduced the design feature and application efficiency of the high-performance regenerative reheating furnace in No2 high-line in jiuquan iron steel co. ltd, and the results show that high-efficiency regenerative combustion techniques can be used to reheating furnace. It is a kind of high-efficiency?energy-saving and environment protection advanced technology.


The kinetics of the oxidation of some substituted oxan-4-ols by cerium(IV) in an aqueous acetic acid medium at 60 °C in the presence of sulphuric acid have been investigated. The reaction is first-order each in oxidant and substrate at constant acid concentration. t-2,t-6-Diphenyl-c-3,c-5-dimethyloxan-r-4-ol, an axial alcohol, reacts slower than the corresponding equatorial epimer, c-2,c-6-diphenyl-t-3,t-5-dimethyloxan-r-4-ol. This anomalous observation and the reactivity of other oxanols towards oxidation have been discussed on the basis of conformational differences.


The identification of strains of rhizobia has been made by host specificity and regular microbiological tests. By forming a phylogenetically heterogeneous group, different molecular techniques have been employed to assist in the genetic characterization and identification of efficient and competitive strains for production of inoculants. This study aimed to characterize the spacer region 16S-23S rDNA of the strains of rhizobia used in commercial inoculants in Brazil for legume species, using PCR combined with RFLP, and assess the possibility of using this molecular marker as an auxiliary method for identification of strains. The amplification of the 16-23 S rDNA spacer region of rhizobium strains generated fragments with sizes ranging between 700 and 1350bp. Products from the amplification were subjected to digestion with Mps I, Dde I and Hae III endonucleases. The results indicated the possibility of using the technique of PCR-RFLP of 16S-23S spacer region rDNA as molecular marker to differentiate most strains tested and recommended for production of inoculants, in addition to the traditional microbiological techniques. However, this marker is not sufficiently discriminatory to be used in the identification of the strains recommended for the production of commercial inoculants.


Physical aspects of macadamia orchards appear to play an important role in the distribution patterns of indigenous heteropterans. Increasing tree density and tree height appear to be associated with increases in insect damage. Very dense orchards not only provide these insects with an ideal sheltered habitat, it also reduces the efficacy of many air-assisted sprayers commonly used for insect control in this crop. Macadamias are very tall trees and heteropterans seem to have a preference for nuts occurring in the higher tree strata. The reason for this is unclear at the moment but it might be related to thermoregulation or lekking behaviour. Heteroptera damage was also confined to the edges of many orchards especially during the early season and it is speculated that perimeter trees may temporarily act as a barrier, preventing migration deeper into the orchards. Implications of these findings for an IPM programme are discussed and include: perimeter spraying during the early season as opposed to a full cover spray, tree pruning as well as tree height management.


Over forty years ago Oliver Elton wrote of "Lines written among the Euganean Hills": "This poem is perfectly put together, and it is an intellectual pleasure to see its firm development, even apart from the rapid, impassioned, shimmering brilliancy of the imagery, which resolves itself into the emotions of the poet." One need not assent to the unqualified absolute of this declaration to recognize the poem as one worthy of serious study, yet during the last half century of intensive Shelley scholarship and criticism there has appeared little to advance our understanding of "Lines written among the Euganean Hills" beyond Professor Elton's own perceptive, but necessarily brief appreciation. An examination of Shelleyana will suggest a number of reasons for this neglect by scholars of a poem that is often anthologized and frequently taught. First, Shelley criticism is a literature filled with polemicism, and "Lines written among the Euganean Hills" has never been controversial: critics and admirers of Shelley alike have conceded or declared, when they mentioned it at all, that it is a good poem. Second, its tetrameter couplets appear "uncharacteristic" of Shelley under the generalizations which govern most discussions of his poetry, thus making the poem "peripheral" to both attackers and defenders of Shelley's poetic achievement. Closely related to the problem of metrics are those of the poem's length and its date of composition: it is too long to be discussed with the lyrics, too short to qualify as a major effort, and written too early for intensive study with Shelley's late poetry. Finally, biographers have been less successful than usual in casting light on those passages—especially lines 45–65—that seem to require additional illumination before a critic can integrate the whole composition.


The DORIS scale factor and geocenter is the combination of each single DORIS satellite solutions. We propose here to analyze the scale factor and geocenter of these single satellite solutions in order to improve the combined solution. Indeed, previous studies showed that single satellite solutions can have some large scale or geocenter values, such as the HY-2A scale. We have already identified a high value for Tz translation for several satellites. The objective of this study is to analyze each single satellite solutions in terms of scale and geocenter, to try to understand and resolve the potential problem. We started the analyses with Envisat and Sentinel-3A which have a significantly bias in Tz translation. Scale Factor and Geocenter from single satellite solutions


Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC open exciting new possibilities for jet physics studies in the presence of hot and dense nuclear matter. Recent theoretical advances in understanding the QCD multi-parton dynamics provide a good description of the quenching in the single and double inclusive high-pT hadron spectra. Measurement of the redistribution of the lost energy and the corresponding increase in the soft hadron multiplicities is the next critical step in elucidating the modification of the jet properties in the nuclear environment.


This study was carried out to look at the efficacy of using lactic acid and distilled water as wash solution to reduce rate of recontamination of some specific microbes on refrigerated chicken carcass. Frozen chicken wings was obtained from an open commercial market (Kuto), Abeokuta, in Ogun State, Nigeria. The skin from the lean meat was removed and a certain measured amount was washed with Distilled Water and (0.4%) Lactic Acid and Agitated with stomatcher blender. 1ml of the rinsate was transferred into sterilized Petri-dishes in triplicate. Specified Agar was added into the rinsate in the sterilized Petri-dishes and incubated at 370C. Microbial Counts was carried out at 24hours and 48 hours respectively. The experiment was repeated at day 6
Meanwhile, meat sample washed with lactic acid was able to reduce some microbes to minimal level and eliminates some during the process. However, when washed with distilled water, the microbes was very much compare to when wash with lactic acid.


This paper examines jugaad through the lens of design as problem-solving and a driver of innovation. We include a range of design disciplines that have spatial and material impacts from architecture and urban planning to product design. The paper starts with a brief description of the ways in which jugaad is currently understood, and then proceeds to make the case for why jugaad is neither quality design nor frugal innovation. Our argument draws on a wide-ranging survey of jugaad as an idea across several fields, a series of in-depth interviews where we asked our interlocutors to use examples of work to situate their responses, and our engagement with Charles and Ray Eames' ideas on design process and pedagogy in The India Report (1958, rep. 1997). In doing so, we wish to not just be against jugaad but to go beyond it, reading it as a crucial component of the design and innovation process but not the design solution or innovation itself.


This paper deals with the implementation of advanced 10 Gb/s optical transceiver module. Highly integrated functions such as multi-rate, system managed and optical diagnostic mode in the XFP optical module design is presented. The attractive features of XFP such smaller package size, lower power consumption and simplified serial to serial architecture makes it possible for designers to shrink and be more flexible with the printed circuit board area of the transceiver module. A transmission distance of 100 m was achieved (as defined in 10Gbase-SR in 10Gb/s ethernet standard) as well as the system monitor control ability.


"Dialogue between Courts and Tribunals," a title that could describe the interplay between judges and decision-makers in the context of the judicial review of administrative decisions, in fact refers to a series of annual roundtables organized by the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice [CIAJ].


A new vertically integrated model is developed for the growth of bottom mixed layers. Unlike the usual slab models this model retains the vertical variation of mean speed with height, which appears as a parameter in the energy balance. The mixed layer growth problem is solved analytically for a horizontal flat bottom and numerically for a sloping flat bottom. A relaxation problem, the decay of motion in the bottom mixed layer after the geostrophic flow in the interior ceases, is also solved analytically and numerically. Finally solutions including thermal wind effects on bottom mixed layer growth are obtained for both a horizontal flat bottom and a sloping flat bottom. -- For the horizontal flat bottom case, an algebraic formula for mixed layer thickness is obtained for arbitrary values of the Brunt-Vaisala frequency and Coriolis parameter. The results show that the vertical variation of speed must be taken into account when the ratio of the Brunt-Vaisala frequency to the Coriolis parameter is less than or of order unity, and that the formula is consistent with that obtained by Weatherly and Martin (1978). Formulae for dependence of friction velocity and veering angle on stratification are also obtained. -- For a sloping bottom at the initial stage of bottom boundary layer growth the vertically integrated model produces results very similar to those obtained by Weatherly and Martin (1978) using the Mellor and Yamada Level II turbulent closure model. The main effect of bottom slope is to produce upwelling or downwelling within the bottom boundary layer. After the initial period of boundary layer development the vertically integrated buoyancy force can grow to reach a balance with the vertically integrated driving pressure gradient so that the Ekman transport is extinguished and the layer becomes arrested. The length of the initial period greatly depends on the sign of bottom slope. -- The effects of thermal wind are shown to be important. For a horizontal flat bottom if the vertical shear in the interior is positive the mixed layer grows indefinitely. If the vertical shear is negative the thickness reaches a constant value or decreases with time. For a sloping flat bottom the thermal wind is important when the isopycnal slope is comparable to or much greater than the bottom slope. The results are in agreement with the observations made by Weatherly and Van Leer (1977) on the western Florida Continental Shelf.


The instabilities arising in various growth systems based on diffussion-limited aggregation are discussed. It is shown that a linear analysis a la Mullins-Sekerka is useful as it gives a hint on the complexity of the patterns to be generated in the nonlinear regime. As the only general analytical technique which can be applied to all of them, it can provide simple classification schemes.


Modified zirconia(ZrO2) were synthesized by high temperature calcination of ZrO(OH)2 gels digested in alkalic solution;with the modified ZrO2 as support,ruthenium catalysts for ammonia synthesis were prepared with K2RuO4 solution.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature programmed reduction of hydrogen(H2-TPR),temperature programmed desorption of CO2(CO2-TPD),nitrogen sorption,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),and CO chemisorption;the relationship between the catalyst structure and its catalytic activity was especially discussed.The results revealed that the digestion either in KOH or NH4OH solution can enhance the surface area of the ZrO2 support,while digestion in KOH is able to obtain the support with high basicity,which benefits to getting the ruthenium catalyst of high activity.The strong basicity of the modified ZrO2 support,rather than the high ruthenium dispersion,plays a more important role in enhancing the activity of the supported ruthenium catalyst.For ammonia synthesis under 425 ℃,5 MPa and a space velocity of 10 000 h-1,NH3 outlet concentration over Ru/ZrO2-KOH is 5.96%,which is 11%,143% and 103% higher than those of K-Ru/ZrO2-NH4OH,K-Ru/ZrO2-CP and Ru/ZrO2-NH4OH,respectively.


This is the publisher's official version, which the author has permission to share per the terms of use provided in the copyright statement of the Association of Research Libraries.


This work is a literature overview on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory/antihypertensive peptides in food protein sources. The following aspects related to peptides with the above-mentioned bioactivity are discussed: (i) mechanism of action of ACE, (ii) the structural character of ACE inhibitors/antihypertensive peptide sequences determined by different methods, including quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, (iii) their food sources, (iv) absorption of peptides, (v) in vitro and in vivo approaches involved in the production and potential release of peptide ACE inhibitors as well as in silico methods applied in research concerning peptides.


The study of agenda power has largely been the study of negative agenda power. But standard measures of negative agenda power are insufficient to measure the majority's agenda choices: they only consider a small proportion of bills, only detail how often negative agenda power fails (rather than succeeds), and cannot help us understand positive agenda power. To understand the incentives and strategies of agenda decision-making, then, we must know about members' preferences on all bills. I develop an approach to estimate members' preferences on all bills, by generating quantitative characterizations of the policy content in each bill. I use the resulting estimates to examine both positive and negative agenda power using all bills and to directly compare levels of agenda power between chambers of the US Congress. While I find similarly strong negative agenda control in both chambers, I find substantially stronger positive agenda control in the House than the Senate.


The application of scanning laser microscopy to the characterisation of magneto-optic storage materials and to the evaluation of the performance of magneto-optic recording systems is described. Fundamental material properties such as Kerr rotation, reflectivity, coercivity and hysteresis loop shape are obtained, on a microscopic scale, for a variety of magneto-optic recording films. The recording behaviour of films is also investigated, and realistic, in-situ, annealing studies are performed to assess their long term stability. Optical system evaluation in terms of impulse response, step response, optical resolution and modulation transfer function is also carried out. Novel readout methods such as edge detection, confocal detection and super-resolution are investigated.


Author has discussed the influence on aspects of power,safety and economy etc.for turbine train due to variation of initial temperature of new steam,when the turbine train was in operation process;and has also presented the related improvement methods and preventive measures.


As a method of utilization of sardine, sardinops melanosticta, proper processing conditions for a low salt fermented sardine were investigated. And changes of chemical components during fermentation and the effects of additives to improve the quality of the product were also discussed. A low salt fermented sardine was prepared with 8 or of salt and various contents of additives such as lactic acid, sorbitol, glycerin and ethanol as preservatives and flavor enhancers, and fermented for 80 days at . Judging from the changes in pH, amino-nitrogen and volatile basic nitrogen during fermentation of low salted sardine and the organoleptic evaluation on their flavor, the products of sardine meat containing 8 or of table salt, of lactic acid, of sorbitol and of ethanol as additives were most desirable when fermented for 60 days.


Serial data collection usually requires relatively small crystals that are well-ordered. Microseeding is an effective way to generate such samples. During the ten years since the random microseed matrix-screening (rMMS) method was published, understanding of the theoretical advantages of the method has increased [2 4], and several practical variations of the method have emerged. Moreover seeding can be carried out in a microbatch-underoil setup, which is easy to scale up, volume-wise, and allows easy interpretation of phase diagrams. By combining these techniques, control can be increased and sample quality for both routine and advanced data collection improved. Protein structure determination by cryoEM requires expensive equipment that has low throughput. It is therefore wasteful to examine samples that can be shown in advance to be aggregated, since such samples are unlikely to be suitable. We used a high-throughput screening approach with dynamic light scattering to explore 96 chemical conditions with as little as 10 μL of protein solution to identify conditions with reduced aggregation.


We consider a two-period exchange economy without uncertainty. Every commodity can be consumed only in integer amounts and there exists one financial (nominal) asset whose trading unit is divisible. Holding the asset does not directly affect agents' preferences. We prove the existence of an equilibrium if there exists a continuum of agents and if the distribution of agents' initial holdings of the divisible asset is dispersed in the sense that the set of agents who initially have the same amount of the asset is negligible relative to the size of the entire economy. Since agents cannot run out of their wealths because of the indivisibilities, our equilibrium concept permits the presence of some commodities in excess supply. This causes the inefficiency of equilibrium allocation. Also, our economy exhibits the real indeterminacy of equilibrium allocation. Equilibrium allocations depend on the price level of the second-date commodities.


The new process of feeding compound aluminum wire to produce the aluminum steel in mould for slab was introduced.The result shows that it is much more improvement in the properties of mould powder to feed compound aluminum wire adopting the technology of the mould than to feed common aluminum wire,the superficial quality of continuous casting slab and the mechanical properties of rolling steel get some improvement.


The invention discloses a coulomb electric precipitator which comprises a dedusting tank body, wherein the two ends of the dedusting tank body are provided with an air inlet tank and an air outlet tank; one side, which is adjacent to the air inlet tank, of the dedusting tank body is provided with a front electric field which comprises fixed polar plates and corona discharge electrodes; the fixed polar plates and the corona discharge electrodes are arranged alternately; the fixed polar plate is provided with fixed polar plate air vents through which smoke passes; an electric field channel is formed between adjacent fixed polar plates; a rear electric field comprises movable polar plates and the corona discharge electrodes, and the movable polar plates and the corona discharge electrodes are arranged alternately; the movable polar plates are connected with an elevator mechanism for driving the movable polar plates to move up and down; rotary brushes are arranged below the movable polar plates, and the corona discharge electrodes are provided with negative electrode rappers; ash buckets are arranged below the rotary brushes; and the movable polar plates are provided with movable polar plate air vents through which the smoke passes, and an electric field channel is formed between adjacent movable polar plates. The Coulomb electric precipitator can effectively prevent secondary dust flying in the dedusting process, maintains stable and high dedusting efficiency and lowers the cost.


A user can get a high immersive feeling with staying in a VR-based screen booth, changing the user's viewpoints and controlling visualized objects. However, because of its installation environment and its cost, it is not suitable for casual applications. This paper proposes a marker-based viewpoint recognition method, which calculates the position and direction of the viewpoint of a user who is looking at virtual objects. The virtual objects can then be appropriately located so that their position and orientation could meet the user's view. A user standing in front of the projection system of this research can interactively review the shape of the object from different angles simply by moving the head with the marker, and even can check the internal view of the object. This paper presents the method and its demonstration, and discusses the feasibility of the proposed approach for casual applications.


We present a force-based simulated annealing algorithm to heuristically solve the NP-hard label number maximization problem lnm: Given a set of rectangular labels, each of which belongs to a point-feature in the plane, the task is to find a labeling for a largest subset of the labels. A labeling is a placement such that none of the labels overlap and each is placed at its point-feature. The abstraction of the problem to the virtual force system allows us to implement additional aesthetic criteria and to compute placements with good label distribution in a short amount of time. Furthermore, our algorithm can be applied as a postprocessing step to improve existing labelings. We find that the results often look similar to those of a human cartographer. Extensive computational experiments on widely used benchmark data demonstrate that our new algorithm produces solutions where the number of placed labels is close to optimality and where the distribution of the labels is better than in labelings computed by algorithms that only maximize the number of placed labels. The experiments also show that the algorithm is able to solve large problems fast. This demonstrates its applicability in dynamic real-time environments, e.g., in navigation systems.


Non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NSCNEC) of the ovary is an aggressive and rare tumour, which is commonly associated with other surface epithelial and germ cell neoplasms (Veras et al. 2007...


We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to measure the absorption from the 20 → 3−1E 12.2 GHz transition of methanol toward the z = 0.89 lensing galaxy in the PKS B1830−211 gravitational lens system. Comparison of the velocity of the main absorption feature with the published absorption spectrum from the 10 → 2−1E transition of methanol shows that they differ by −0.6 ± 1.6 km s−1. We can use these observations to constrain the changes in the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ from z = 0.89 to the present to 0.8 ± 2.1 × 10−7. This result is consistent, and of similar precision to recent observations at z = 0.68 achieved through comparison of a variety of rotational and inversion transitions, and approximately a factor of two better than previous constraints obtained in this source. Future more sensitive observations that incorporate additional rotational methanol transitions offer the prospect of improving current results by a factor of 5–10.


The terminal protonephridial complex of Haplopharynx rostratus consists of three terminal cells. There are no weirs consisting of ribs connected by a filtration "membrane", but some cytoplasmic outgrowths into the lumen of the terminal cells. Excretion is by exocytotic vesicles. The terminal cells also contain Golgi complexes and large membrane-bound vacuoles containing electron-dense material. The ciliary bundles (flames) of terminal cells 2 and 3 protrude into the lumen of the centrally located terminal cell I. The complex is surrounded by a sheath containing numerous filaments. The terminal complex of H. rostratus resembles that of the macrostomid Paromalostomum proceracauda, lending support to the view that the two taxa are closely related. © 1998 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved


A simple mutual pulse injection-seeding scheme is developed to produce tunable single wavelength and dual-wavelength optical short pulses by using two Fabry-Perot laser diodes. The operating wavelength of the optical pulses is flexibly selected by adjusting a tunable filter or cascaded fiber Bragg gratings, and the pulse intensity is enhanced by using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The sidemode suppression ratio achieved by the system for single wavelength operation is larger than 26 dB over the wavelength region of 25 nm and higher than 31 dB within 18 nm wavelength range. In the dual-wavelength case, the sidemode suppression ratio achieved is better than 25 dB over the wavelength-tuning range of 12.1 nm. The system is robust, flexible and convenient for wavelength tuning.


It is disclosed a cathode for a lithium-sulfur secondary battery. The cathode for the lithium-sulfur secondary battery contains a sulfur-impregnated mesoporous nano composite structure and a mesoporous conductive material. The sulfur-impregnated mesoporous nano-composite structure contains a mesoporous conductive material having penetrated into the pores of sulfur particles. The mesoporous conductive material having empty pores and is of the same type mesoporous conductive material such as the sulfur-impregnated mesoporous nano-composite structure. The sulfur-impregnated mesoporous nano composite structure and the mesoporous conductive material are in a volume ratio of about 1: 0.1 to 0.9 is provided and arranged side by side.


In this study, ten new 3-methyl-6-(2-substituted aminoacetyl/propanoyl)-2-benzoxazolinone derivatives were prepared and their structures were determined by elemental analysis, IR and 1 H NMR data. The anti-nociceptive activities of these compounds were investigated using a modified Koster test. It was found that some of the synthesized compounds are capable of inducing anti-nociception in animals. 3-Methyl-6-(2-imidazoylacetyl)--2-benzoxazolinone (4b) has been found to be the most active among the synthesized compounds.


AIM: To investigate the influence of candesartan on the expression of CRT and caspase-12 in rat myocardial tissues and its effects against left ventricular remodeling.METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were equally randomized into sham group,double renal artery double clip group and candesartan intervention group [5 mg/(kg·day)] per gavage.Six weeks later,mean arterial pressure(MAP) was measured,body weight,whole heart weight,left ventricular weights,HW/BW and LVWI were obtained,and expressions of CRT and caspase-12 in rat myocardial tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: MAP,HW/BW,LVWI and expressions of CRT and caspase-12 in myocardial tissues remarkably increased in double renal artery double clip group compared with those in sham group(P0.05).However,candesartan significantly decreased MBP,HW/BW and LVWI,and downregulated the expressions of CRT and caspase-12 in myocardial tissues(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in left ventricular remodeling caused by renal artery double-clip hypertension.Candesartan may exert some protective effect on the heart by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress via downregulating the expression of CRT and caspase-12.


Introduction: Previous studies have shown weathering environments in Martian analog sites on Earth can lead to coatings or rinds that alter the chemistry and spectral properties of original lithologies [e.g. 1]. Understanding such coatings is important for interpreting chemical and spectral data from Martian lithologies given suggestions [2] and observations [3] of the presence of coatings on Mars. We previously demonstrated that leaching of glass-rich Hawaiian basalts, sometimes in the presence of fumarolic gases, leads to formation of opaline coatings with minor amounts of Fe, Ti and S [4]. The basalts illustrated that coatings as thin as 3 μm were sufficient to mask the substrate spectral character at both visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and thermal infrared wavelengths. Because coating formation processes and products can vary depending on substrate rock and weathering environment, we initialized a study of coated rocks from another analog Martian weathering environment, Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Relative to Hawaii, Vulcano rocks have a different composition, experience less rainfall (25"-29" per year; G. Capasso, pers. comm.) and are subjected to a different balance of fumarolic gases [5]. Vulcano, like Hawaii, serves as a reasonable analog to Martian weathering given the periodic availability of water and the presence of fumarolic gases, which are hypothesized to influence Martian lithologies through acid fog weathering [e.g. 6]. Samples: We have currently studied three samples collected from around the summit of Vulcano along the rim of Gran Cratere at the summit of the Fossa cone. The samples, potassium feldspar-rich trachytes, are pyroclastic rocks from phreatomagmatic and other explosive eruptions that occurred during the most recent eruption of Vulcano between 1888 to 1890. All activity at Vulcano since then has been confined to degassing along fumaroles. In addition to K-feldspar, the trachytes contain SiO2-rich (~79 wt.%) interstitial glass, augitic pyroxene and minor Ti-bearing magnetite. Vulcano Red (VR) and Vulcano Orange (VO) both have thin, competent coatings that are sharply divided from their respective substrate rocks, both of which appear unweathered. Vulcano White (VW) has a thicker, chalk-like coating with patches of yellow material intermixed with the white coating material. The VW coating completely coats the rough, pebbly surface of the substrate rock, creating a smooth surface. The weathering of VW appears to be more pervasive throughout the substrate rock. Analytical: We studied the morphology and qualitative chemistry of the Vulcano samples using a JEOL 845 scanning electron microscope at Arizona State University. Imaging was conducted using a backscattered electron detector and qualitative chemistry and elemental X-ray maps were obtained using the electron dispersive spectroscopy system. We also collected preliminary thermal infrared spectral data using the thermal infrared spectroscopy laboratory at Arizona State University. Spectra were collected from 2002000 cm at 2 cm spectral sampling. We are planning to measure VNIR reflectance spectra soon. Results: Despite similar starting chemistries, all three analyzed samples exhibit very different coating morphologies and chemistries. Vulcano Orange. The orange coating corresponds to thin (2-6 μm) material whose distribution and composition do not change whether overlying glass or mineral-bearing portions of substrate (Fig. 1).


Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has emerged as a major invasive weed and high reproduction rate at Soi Bon canal in Klong Yong, Phutthamonthon, Thailand as a lignocellulosic plant material, it can be made into an organic fertilizer at 60-90 days. Microwave-assisted extraction was to investigate the effect of different solvents concentration, various sizes of material and the optimization model for hydrolyzed cellulose and hemicellulose from lignin structure disruption of water hyacinth. The result showed that calcium hydroxide solvent was the best solvent for total reducing sugar extraction from water hyacinth with size as 3-5 cm. Box-Behnken design was conducted for microwave-assisted pretreatment at 450 watts with using three parameters; the solid to liquid ratios as 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 with volume of liquid at 30 ml, extraction times of 20, 30, and 40 minutes, and calcium hydroxide solvent at various concentrations as 0.1, 0.55, and 1 %wt. The optimum conditions of total reducing sugar from water hyacinth solution were 54 mg/g at the solid to liquid ratio as 1:10, concentration of calcium hydroxide at 0.55 %wt, and 30 minutes of extraction time. Microwave-assisted pretreatment was an alternative of organic fertilizer production at shorter times for fermentation


The paper evaluates and compares the flip-chip and beam-lead methods of making microcircuit assemblies, paying particular attention to thermal and mechanical considerations. The thermal studies indicate that the beam-lead and flip-chip approaches are similar for chips with many mounting points, and that the use of heat spreaders offers a considerable advantage. The use of a glazed ceramic substrate material is not recommended for glaze thicknesses greater than 10−3in. The mechanical studies show that considerable forces can be set up when beam-lead and flip-chip assemblies are temperature-cycled. These forces can almost reach the ultimate shear or tensile strengths of gold with typical temperature changes.


The enantiomerisation pathway for {[Pt(thiourea)4]}F+ [a model for the C4-symmetric [Pt(SU)4]SiF6 (SU = thiourea) complex] and derivatives is explored by density functional theory (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) und the activation barrier for the one-step process from C4 to C4′ via a C4 transition state is computed. The substitution of Pt2+ by Pd2+ and Ni2+ and the exchange of selenourea and tellurourea increase the barrier. ({[Pt(thiourea)4]}F+: 4.2 kcal/mol, {[Pd(thiourea)4]}F+: 4.5 kcal/mol, {[Ni(thiourea)4]}F+: 7.6 kcal/mol, {[Pt(selenourea)4]}F+: 5.3 kcal/mol, {[Pt(tellurourea)4]}F+: 8.8 kcal/mol). (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


You won't need reminding that last year was the centenary of the appointment of Dr Thomas Legge as the first ever Her Majesty's Chief Medical Inspector of Factories. Dr Legge was one of the founding fathers of occupational medicine, and I am proud that as well as being the first medical HMI, he also became the first TUC medical adviser. Dr Legge epitomized all that trade unions could want from an occupational physician. As a civil servant, he put a high premium on visiting factories and talking about the job with our members. He was also particularly brave in putting his professional ethics and commitment to worker health above his career, resigning his position as Chief Medical Inspector in 1926 when the government refused to ratify the White Lead Convention, an International Labour Organization convention that he had helped draft in 1921. Outside the civil service, Thomas Legge became involved in what is now known as medico-legal work, handling numerous cases for the first and greatest trade union lawyer, W. H. Thompson. In truth, Dr Legge had shown his commitment to proper compensation many years before, helping to extend workmen's injury compensation to industrial diseases. And finally, at the end of his life, he worked directly for the TUC, the first of only five medical advisers that we have ever had. Dr Legge's is a hard act for your profession to follow. But the litany of industrial diseases that he dealt with a hundred years ago demonstrates why it is so vital that his act should be reprised again and again. His championing of the White Lead Convention (still not ratified by the UK, 77 years after its adoption by the ILO) may look dated today. But last April, new Control of Lead at Work Regulations were introduced, demonstrating that lead itself is certainly still a problem (and still contentious — Opposition Leader William Hague MP opposed them). Dr Legge also worked on anthrax (an issue which is not confined to the biological warlords, as its discovery at King's Cross last year has shown) and asbestos — now killing 4,000 people a year in the UK, a number set to rise to 200 a week by the year 2020.


The recognition and importance of the need for palliative or end-of-life care in long term care has, over the last two decades, led to increased research, education and practice development initiatives in most developed countries. The breadth and depth of some of these initiatives has been catalogued by the European Association of Palliative Care Taskforce on Palliative Care in Long Term Care Settings for Older People.1,2 In total over 60 initiatives across 13 European countries were identified. These initiatives were mapped by level of change – that is at the national, regional, organisational, team or individual level, with many targeting more than one level. Unfortunately not possible as part of this mapping activity, was an evaluation to examine if any of these initiatives successfully translated into sustained knowledge or practice change. What is vital for improving end-of-life care for residents and families in long term care is for clinicians, researchers and policy makers to engage, not only in the generation of knowledge by engaging in research and knowledge dissemination from the publication of results in academic journals, but also the transfer of research-based knowledge into a form that can be used. This process is often referred to as knowledge translation (KT).3 KT focuses on methods or processes to increase clinician's practice knowledge to improve outcomes and reduce the evidence–practice gap. The nexus between knowledge generation and KT is the synthesis of what is known on a topic (the best evidence available) and what will work in a local context. There are a number of end-of-life care examples internationally that could be considered examples of KT. These include the Liverpool Care Pathway (UK, Europe, New Zealand, Australia), the Gold Standards Framework (GSF) (UK, USA, Canada, Belgium, Holland, Australia), Honoring Choices Wisconsin (USA), Respecting Patient Choices (Australia) and Physician Orders for LifeSustaining Treatment (POLST) (USA). Ideally these programmes should be developed based on evidence from randomised controlled trials, or where possible, systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. However, in reality, this level of evidence is either not available, detailed enough or if available not used by policy makers and clinicians.4 (Strauss et al., 2009). In the case of each of these programmes none of them had the evidence from randomised controlled trials or systematic review before being been adopted for use in their respective countries. As most of these programmes have now been widely used for over a decade the evidence base for many has increased, although in the case of the GSF this remains largely descriptive, with uncontrolled and non-randomised studies.5 The recent controversy over the limited evidence base and failure of implementation of the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) is discussed elsewhere.6 In this issue, the first cluster randomised controlled trial of the Gold Standards Framework in Care Homes (GSFCH) is reported by Kinley et al. The GSFCH is based on the GSF for Primary Care, which was recommended for use by the National Health Service End of Life Care Programme. The GSFCH provides tools, tasks and resources combined with training and central support from the GSF team and local support from a GSFCH facilitator. Desired outcomes are improvements in advance care planning, communication and team working, reductions in hospital transfers and high quality clinical care. In the study by Kinley et al., the GSFCH was implemented in 24 care homes. In addition to the standard GSFCH programme, 12 homes were randomised to receive high facilitation plus action learning (HFAL) and 12 GSFCH with high facilitation (HF). HF is described in detail in the study, and in summary includes appointment and training of local coordinators, visits by the facilitator 2 to 3 times per month, assistance with implementation of the LCP or Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) and role modelling for complex care. Action learning focused on leadership in implementing the GSF and included monthly meetings over 9 months. Both these additions to the standard facilitation provided by the GSFCH programme were based on the author's previous experience in care homes. Acting as a control group, a further 14 nursing homes received standard GSF facilitation. The GSFCH programme is conducted in three phases over approximately 2 years, involving 550146 PMJ0010.1177/0269216314550146Palliative MedicineParker research-article2014


Willis Conover interviews Ella Fitzgerald for "Voices of VISTA" program number 127. The short programs featured various celebrities and were used, like Treasury broadcasts in decades past, to promote the U.S. government's Volunteers in Service to America program.


A unified protocol for the construction of 3-(2-bromoethyl)benzofurans and 2-(benzofuran-3-yl)ethylamines from bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]cyclobutene has been developed. This mild and facile strategy was applied for the synthesis of a series of 5-HT serotonin receptor agonists, underlining its potential for the syntheses of bioactive compounds and natural products.


The key aspects and features of 'Lullabies Our Mothers Sang', a documentary project auspiced by the New Hope Foundation are discussed. The project examines relationships through the lens of parental and cultural legacies among 15 women from southern Sudan and a team of artists.


We have used accurate, spectroscopically determined abundances for G and K dwarfs of Morell, Kallander & Butcher and Morell to derive a photometric abundance index for G and K dwarfs. Broad-band Cousins R - I photometry is used to estimate effective temperature and the Geneva bi colour to estimate line blanketing in the blue and hence abundance. Abundances can be derived in the range -2.0 <[FelH]< 0.5 for GO to K3 dwarfs, with a scatter in [FelH] of 0.2 dex. We apply the method to a sample of Gliese catalogue G and K dwarfs, and examine the metallicity and kinematic properties of the stars. The stars show the well-established observational features of the disc, thick disc and halo in the solar neighbourhood. We find that the distribution of local K dwarf metallicity is quite similar to that of local G dwarfs, indicating that there is a 'K dwarf' as well as a G dwarf problem.


Data in form of images is available everywhere in abundance. These images may always not be seeming to give all the relevant information from the naked eye. Many techniques have developed over time, to improve the quality of images substantially. The results have been hopeful and visually appealing. This paper aims to review the neural network techniques used in image processing to improve the visual quality of the image. The study gives an insight about the existing neural network architectures available especially the GANs architecture, and various performance metrics involved with respect to image quality. This work also discusses the probable future work in the area of image enhancement using Neural Networks and GANs.


Langerhans cells were found among bile duct epithelial cells in a biopsy specimen from a patient with chronic liver disease showing cholangitic features. The bile duct was 90 μm In diameter and surrounded with mononuclear cell infiltration. Under the electron microscope, the cell had a clear cytoplasm and contained a deeply indented nucleus, a centriole, well‐developed Golgi complexes and many rod‐shaped bodies (Birbeck granules).


Under the environment and the management measures in south transition zone,we studied species mixed ratio of turfgrass,and the designed mixtures had been compared to each other.The results were as follows: The mixture of Barlexas 40%+Barrera 30%+Baronie 20%+Pinnacle 10% was the best,the other mixtures were second to it.The variety of density and the speed of growth were according to the logic curve.From the expression of the mixtures during seeding stage,we could conclude that the higher proportion of Tall fescue or Perennial ryegrass in the mixtures the better it would be.But the proportion of Perennial ryegrass would be better to be less than 20 percent.With the growth of the turfgrass,the propotion of the Tall fescue was steady,while the proportion of Perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass had been on the decline.But after some time about one year,the proportion of Kentucky bluegrass had been becoming more and more again.The Creeping bent grass would be better to be seeded singly.Bermuda grass could be mixed with Tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass.but in winter the view of it was not good.Finally,in the view of turf formation speed,quality of turf,insectpest and disease etc,the ideal ratio of Tallfescue,Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial ryegrass was 7:2:1,and it would be better if the Tall fescue consisted of defferent species.


Abstract Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is widely used for manufacturing various kinds of dies and molds. However, EDM has numerous problems such as low material removal rate and generation of heat-affected zones, in which there are numerous cracks and microcraters. Recently, many new machining technologies utilizing EDM have been developed. However, the mechanism of material removal in EDM has not yet been sufficiently explained. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of material removal, first, the impulsive force transitions in an impulse discharge were measured. Second, how the mechanism by which the impulsive forces affect the crater formation by impulse discharge was examined. The following results were obtained: (1) a typical waveform obtained from an impulse discharge in kerosene consists of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary waves, and the intervals between the peaks of the waves gradually become smaller; (2) because the shape of the crater is strongly dependent on the polarities under the same conditions in EDM, the effect of the impulsive force acting between the workpiece and the electrode on the crater formation by impulse discharge may be insignificant.


Facebook has revolutionized the way people share information and use language which has the potential to mark individual and collective identity. This makes exploring patterns in language use of a paramount significance. One conventional marker of what is being expressed and how is the word used in writing. Focusing on the used words, this study aims at exploring the potential distinguishing patterns in language used by Jordanian male and female authors of self-generated Facebook-status texts. Data were collected from a purposive sample by means of the 'social network' model, and then categorized and analyzed statistically using eclectic computerized (stylometric and online automated) analysis tools, including LIWC. Results demonstrated the impact of gender on discriminating language patterns and, thus, might facilitate gender specific status-predictability. Men and women wrote their statuses in statistically different ways. Women exhibited higher frequency of use of (social) lexical items, first person and second person pronouns, and optimistic/'upbeat' tone. Men's statuses revealed more third person pronouns, positive affect and clout in their writing. Geopolitical and sport theme-related words characterized male-authored themes and male semantic orientation. This


Neutrinos are among the most abundant particles in the universe, nearly massless, travel at speeds near the speed of light and are electrically neutral. Neutrinos can be generated through man-made sources like particle accelerators or by natural sources like the sun. Neutrinos only interact via the weak force and gravity. Since gravitational interaction is extremely weak and the weak force has a very short range, neutrinos can travel long distances unimpeded through matter, reaching places inaccessible to GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals such as underwater locations. The main objective of this work is to sketch an early high-level design of a Neutrino PNT (Position, Navigation and Timing) mission and analyze its feasibility for submarine navigation since there is a need to improve current navigation technologies for submarines. The high-level preliminary concept proposes Cyclotrons or Linear Accelerators based on the physical process Pion Decay at Rest as neutrino sources. For detecting such isotropic neutrino fluxes user equipment must be composed of a high-performance clock synchronized with the system, a detector and possibly additional sensors such as IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit). A feasibility analysis of the recommended system option is performed based on simulations for determining the neutrino detection rate and on a PNT tool to estimate the PNT performances. Although the submarine navigation application is in the limit of being feasible with current technology, it could be realized with some important but reasonable progress in source and neutrino detector technology.


The Doubly Regularized SVM (DrSVM) is an extension of SVM using a mixture of L2 and L1 norm penalties. This kind of penalty, sometimes referred as the elastic net, allows to perform variable selection while taking into account correlations between variables. Introduced by Wang [1], an e cient algorithm to compute the whole DrSVM solution path has been proposed. Unfortunately, in some cases, this path is discontinuous, and thus not piecewise linear. To solve this problem, we propose here a new sub gradient formulation of the DrSVM problem. This led us to propose an alternative L1 regularization path algorithm. This reformulation e ciently addresses the aforementioned problem and makes the initialization step more generic. The results show the validity of our sub-gradient formulation and the e ciency compared to the initial formulation.


AbstractStratospheric winds play a significant role in middle atmosphere dynamics, model research, and carrier rocket experiments. For the first time, 65 sets of rocket sounding experiments conducted at Jiuquan (41.1°N, 100.2°E), China, from 1967 to 2004 are presented to study horizontal wind fields in the stratosphere. At a fixed height, wind speed obeys the lognormal distribution. Seasonal mean winds are westerly in winter and easterly in summer. In spring and autumn, zonal wind directions change from the upper to the lower stratosphere. The monthly zonal mean winds have an annual cycle period with large amplitudes at high altitudes. The correlation coefficients for zonal winds between observations and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) with all datasets are 0.7. The MERRA reanalysis is in good agreement with rocketsonde data according to the zonal winds comparison with a coefficient of 0.98. The sudden stratospheric warming is an important contribution to biases in the HWM, because it changes the zonal wi...


The empirical analysis of the relations between institutional environment and organisational modes and how they affect productive performances, is relatively rare in literature, due to a lack of data. This article is an attempt at developing an empirical methodology which could shed light on the nature of these relations, using data related to large farms during the privatization of state and collective farms in Moldavia (1991-1997). In the first part, the transformation process of the organisational modes in these large farms, which were formerly state or collectively owned, is given a new institutional interpretation. In the second part of this article we develop an empirical methodology in order to analyse the interaction between the choice of one of the new organisational modes and the farmer's productive performances. This is based on the estimation of the farms' technical efficiency, using the stochastic frontier model by Battese and Coelli (1995). With this model it is possible to take into account the influence of the organisational modes on the production process, through the endogenous specification of forms of organisation (with the estimation of a nested logit model).


The electrochemical behavior of X80 pipeline steel in simulated red soil solutions with different pH, which aim to simulate the corrosive medium of typical red soil at Yingtan area of the Southeast China was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and three-dimensional video microscope. The results show that the corrosion of X80 steel in simulated red soil solution is controlled by oxygen depolarization reactions when pH is 5.5; a corrosion products scale formed on the steel surface due to corrosion; the EIS of the cor- roded steel is composed of incomplete capacitive arc at high-frequency and complete capacitive arc at low-frequency. With increasing pH value, the corrosion processes of X80 steel gradually convert into being controlled by electrochemical activation, while its corrosion current density increases gradually and its corrosion resistance decreases. When pH value reduces to the range 4.0~3.0, nu-


Syahrul Ramadhani, 2018, NIT: 50134889.N, "Improving Implementation of Cargo Hold Cleaning Process to Smoothness Loading On MV. Energy Prosperity", skripsi Program Study Nautica, Program Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: Capt. Arika Palapa, M.Si., M.Mar, Pembimbing II: Poernomo Dwi Atmodjo, S.H., M.H
Implementation of a not smoothly cargo hold cleaning process may result in coal loading delay in MV. Energy Prosperity. Delayed of loading is very detrimental to many parties, ranging from the company and the owner of the cargo. Therefore, the authors conduct research with the aim of making cargo hold cleaning smoothly and loading process can be done on time. This research uses qualitative method with data analysis technique SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) to determine the problem which become the main priority in the implementation of a not smoothly cargo hold cleaning process, so will be found the solution. From the results of research that the authors do, it can be concluded that the causes of the implementation of a not smoothly cargo hold cleaning is (1) the equipment is not complete and less maintenance, and (2) lack of crew skills in carrying out the cargo hold cleaning. Efforts are made by (1) doing maintenance and repair of damaged equipment, and adding incomplete cleaning equipments (2) direction by officers to improve the skills of the crew so that the cargo hold cleaning process becomes smooth.
Key Words: improving, cleaning, cargo hold, loading


This paper explores the role of aesthetic judgements in mathematics by focussing on the relationship between the epistemic and aesthetic criteria employed in such judgements, and on the nature of the psychological experiences underpinning them. I claim that aesthetic judgements in mathematics are plausibly understood as expressions of what I will call 'aesthetic-epistemic feelings' that serve a genuine cognitive and epistemic function. I will then propose a naturalistic account of these feelings in terms of sub-personal processes of representing and assessing the relation between cognitive processes and certain properties of the stimuli at which they are directed.


In this paper we study the properties of the wrong derived functors LHom and R ⊗. We will prove identities that relate these functors to the classical Ext and Tor. With these results we will also prove that the functors LHom and R ⊗ form an adjoint pair. Finally we will give some explicit examples of these functors using spectral sequences that relate them to Ext and Tor, and also show some vanishing theorems over some rings.


Fringe benefits comprise a large and growing proportion of employees' compensation costs in both public and private sector organizations. According to one report, the total fringe benefit expenditure of the average American employer is now forty percent of payroll. (Carter and Shapiro, 1983) [1] Government organizations certainly are not immune to accelerating benefits costs. Indeed, in some large cities, employee benefits as a percentage of pay exceed comparable figures for industry. (Friend, 1974 [and later editions]) Government employers must seek ways to cap or at least control their rising benefits payments while remaining an attractive source of employment to current and potential workers. If the early 1980s are indicative of the remainder of the decade, it is unlikely that most public employers will be in a position to increase salaries for their workers at the same level as private employers. However, fringe benefits are another matter. Furnishing a competitive benefits package to public employees without increasing costs significantly could provide a means for making government work reasonably attractive, thereby encouraging bright young people to enter the labor force while persuading experienced employees to remain. Clearly, however, if public employers are to be competitive with the private sector in fringe benefits programs and if public employers hope to contain benefits costs effectively, they must


The paper deals with the results of transformation process of methanol into the low molecule in the presence of silicoalumophosphate (SAPO-34) catalyst synthesized via sonochemical method with adding activated carbon. The studies on physico-chemical properties of synthesized catalyst with up-to-date analysis methods are presented as well. It was revealed that without adding the water into the raw, the C2-C4 olephine yield in the first hour of process comprises 66– 69 % mass, while applying raw-water mixture, the parameter increases up to 80–82 % mass. It is explained with the fact that the water increases the efficient service life of the catalyst due to the partial prevention of coke formation.


Many acoustic signal enhancement applications require adaptive filters with a long impulse response, but with a small number of filter parameters. Fixed-poles infinite impulse response (IIR) adaptive filters based on orthonormal basis functions (OBFs) present advantages over finite impulse response filters and other IIR filters, assuring stability and fast global convergence in the adaptation of the filter parameters. A scalable algorithm is introduced for the estimation of the poles of an adaptive OBF filter from multichannel input-output data. The set of poles, common to all the acoustic channels considered, is estimated in parallel to the adaptation of the linear filter parameters. It will be shown that the result of the identification with common poles is quite robust to variations in the room transfer function, suggesting the possibility that poles may be kept fixed after estimation.


Physico-chemical properties are crucial characteristics of hydrocolloids as they decide the applicability of them. Rheology of system, flow behaviour and mechanical properties make hydrocolloids suitable for food industry. Modification of consistency or texture properties of functional polymers also controls their sensory characteristics, thereby they become significant essences such as thickener, gelling agents, foaming agent, texture modifier, viscosifier, emulsifier, stabilizer and binder. Industrial and pharmaceutical applications are also controlled by some suitable physico-chemical properties of hydrocolloids. The polysaccharide gum exudates constitute a architecturally distinct class of complex biomacromolecules having unique physico-chemical properties. Due to their good bio/tissue compatibility, non-toxicity, they are extensively used in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Chemical and molecular architecture of hydrocolloids in turn controls their physico-chemical and functional properties. Sterculia gum is a substituted rhamnogalacturonoglycan (pectic) type exudate gum used as suspending agent, gelling agents, emulsifier, bulk laxative, dental adhesive, drug delivery agent and wound healing agent. It exhibits high water retention capacity, high viscosity and least solubility. Solutions of sterculia gum are viscoelastic and thixotropic. Sterculia gum has been recommended as effective wound dressing material as it can form a intensely adhesive gel when dispersed in minimum ammount of water. Owing to wide applications and distinctive properties of sterculia gum, present work is an endeavor to summarize the molecular organization, chemical configuration and physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum and the factors affecting physico-chemical properties of sterculia gum.


A travel trajectory preparation device (2) is provided with a travel trajectory preparation unit (42) for preparing a travel trajectory that includes a linear approach section, a clothoid approach section in which a first group of clothoid curves are connected, an arc section, an escape clothoid section in which a second group of clothoid curves are connected, and a linear escape section, the travel trajectory preparation unit (42) including: an arc preparation unit (42a) for preparing an arc section that is positioned closer to the anticenter side of an arc interval than a passing target point that is separated by a predetermined distance on the anticenter side of the arc interval from the inner edge of the arc interval, the arc section having as large a radius as possible; and a clothoid preparation unit (42b) for preparing a clothoid approach section having the radius of the arc section as the radius of a final tangential arc, the starting point being in contact with the linear approach section, and the direction angle of the linear approach section being used as the direction angle of the starting point, and an escape clothoid section having the radius of the arc section as the radius of a final tangential arc, being in contact with the linear escape section, and having the direction angle of the linear escape section as the direction angle of the starting point.


Coherence is an important aspect of text quality, and various approaches have been applied to coherence modeling. However, existing methods solely focus on a single document's coherence patterns, ignoring the underlying correlation between documents. We investigate a GCN-based coherence model that is capable of capturing structural similarities between documents. Our model first creates a graph structure for each document, from where we mine different subgraph patterns. We then construct a heterogeneous graph for the training corpus, connecting documents based on their shared subgraphs. Finally, a GCN is applied to the heterogeneous graph to model the connectivity relationships. We evaluate our method on two tasks, assessing discourse coherence and automated essay scoring. Results show that our GCN-based model outperforms all baselines, achieving a new state-of-the-art on both tasks.


This article mainly introduces temperature-control circuit of AT89C51 series single-wing machine,which can measure the temperature outside,correct the errors,determine the sensor's breakdowns,alarm the terribly-high temperature,and has the indications of keyboard control and warning communications.It can set up the limitations of temperature by keyboard based on the current environment and temperature.Once it measures temperature beyond the limitations set up before,it can give out sound and light warning signals and as a respondence,the singlechip starts to work and control the current environment and temperature.


In communities where electricity generation depends on fossil fuel, there is a rising interest in renewable energy as the new source of electricity. In many cases, wind and solar, two dominant types of renewables, are readily accessible. However, investing in these resources is still a risky endeavor: the initial cost of such projects is still high. Moreover, because of the intermittency in wind and solar resources, grid code may require additional equipment (such as energy storage) and new controllers (monitoring, protection, and control algorithms), adding to the cost of the new plants. This paper describes a methodology to guide investment decisions in renewable energy. For each penetration level of renewable energy, the associated projects are evaluated for their benefit and cost. The benefit, defined as fossil fuel saving (the difference between the fossil fuel used before and after a renewable project is installed), can be estimated using software tools for security-constrained economic dispatch. The cost of each project can be estimated based on market and vendors' data. The resulting Benefit-Cost curve typically reveals the effect of diminishing returns: increasing the project size (more and more renewables) requires more investment, but may not produce the desired increase in fossil fuel savings. Such results can serve as a valuable guide for decision makers.