Programming genetic circuits in mammalian cells requires flexible, tunable, and user‐tailored gene‐control systems. However, most existing control systems are either mechanistically specific for microbial organisms or must be laboriously re‐engineered to function in mammalian cells. Here, we demonstrate a ribozyme‐based device platform that can be directly transported from yeast to mammalian cells in a "plug‐and‐play" manner. Ribozyme switches previously prototyped in yeast are shown to regulate gene expression in a predictable, ligand‐responsive manner in human HEK 293, HeLa, and U2OS cell lines without any change to device sequence nor further optimization. The ribozyme‐based devices, which exhibit activation ratios comparable to the best RNA‐based regulatory devices demonstrated in mammalian cells to‐date, retain their prescribed functions (ON or OFF switch), tunability of regulatory stringency, and responsiveness to different small‐molecule inputs in mammalian hosts. Furthermore, we observe strong correlations of device performance between yeast and all mammalian cell lines tested (R2 = 0.63–0.97). Our unique device architecture can therefore act as a rapid prototyping platform (RPP) based on a yeast chassis, providing a well‐developed and genetically tractable system that supports rapid and high‐throughput screens for generating gene‐controllers with a broad range of functions in mammalian cells. This platform will accelerate development of mammalian gene‐controllers for diverse applications, including cell‐based therapeutics and cell‐fate reprogramming. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1201–1210. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In recent years, utilities have increasingly been installing technologies and devices in substation control buildings that were once almost exclusively found in data centers. Not all of these new devices meet IEEE Standard 1613, as some of the equipment has been recommended and installed by persons not familiar with the substation environment. Remote monitoring and management of power system parameters such as Synchrophasor technologies, have become mission-critical. SCADA, security, and now the increased presence of Cyber-Security appliances are all becoming mission-critical to operating and maintaining the Grid. This paper and presentation are intended to review some of the changes we've all seen in the technologies and systems now being installed in our substation control buildings. Design practices will be recommended in properly designing and installing grounding, bonding, and cable management systems in order to provide an environment in which the new technologies and systems can perform as reliably as our protection & control systems. Now is a good time to pause and consider the effects which new cyber-inspired devices might be requiring a response from engineers and designers of control buildings. The presence of these devices are certainly weaving their way into the fabric of our substation space. How are we, as P&C engineers, designers, and commissioning engineers adapting to these new technologies? By considering the recommended methods in control building design, a more reliable 'Smart' power transmission and distribution grid can be achieved.


This paper presents the results of seven varieties of different species of wheat (Triticum spelta L. - Nirvana; Planeta, Cipovka, Aleksandra, Srma, Janja - Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et P.; Verona - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. Compactum) for achieving seed yield and threshing. During the testing of each variety were determined by the following qualitative characteristics: 1000 kernel weight, test weight and germination. It also was determined vigor of seedlings. The experiment was conducted during 2012. and 2013. in the area Globoder of the city of Krusevac. Factor year had a significant effect on seed yield and total germination. Factor cultivar significantly affected the threshing: yield, test weight, 1000-seed weight and germination. The tested factors had no significant effect on seedling vigor.


Let N = f1; 2; : : : ; ng and c 2 Rn: A k-tuple (t1; : : : ; tk) of elements in N is called an acceptable cell if 1 k Xi=1 cti 1: We consider the problems of (i) nding the set T of all acceptable cells e ciently (ii) nding a maximum number of mutually disjoint acceptable cells. The latter problem is called k-packing under tolerance constraints. For both problems, heuristics and exact solution algorithms are discussed. Finally, we report on rst steps towards the analysis of probabilistic features of packing problems of this kind. 2


The study of electroencephalography (EEG) data can involve independent component analysis and further clustering of the components according to relation of the components to certain processes in a brain or to external sources of electricity such as muscular motion impulses, electrical fields inducted by power mains, electrostatic discharges, etc. At present, known methods for clustering of components are costly because require additional measurements with magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), for example, or have accuracy restrictions if only EEG data is analyzed. A new method and algorithm for automatic clustering of physiologically similar but statistically independent EEG components is described in this paper. Developed clustering algorithm has been compared with algorithms implemented in the EEGLab toolbox. The paper contains results of algorithms testing on real EEG data obtained under two experimental tasks: voluntary movement control under conditions of stop-signal paradigm and syntactical error recognition in written sentences. The experimental evaluation demonstrated more than 90% correspondence between the results of automatic clustering and clustering made by an expert physiologist.


Objective To survey the trend of clinical epidemiological characteristic of Acute pancreatitis(AP) during the past 10 years in Huizhou region.Methods The clinical data of 802 case of AP confirmed who were hospitalized in Huizhou Municipal Hospital,2001~2010 were divided into 2 groups by units of 5-year and analysised the age,etiology,severity of disease,complications and so on.Results Patients who diagnosed AP hospitalized in the department of Gastroenterology 2006~2010 were 6.79%,higher than that in 2001~2005(5.49%).The difference between two groups showed a statistical signi?cance(P0.05).Base on etiology,Biliary pancreatitis was 50.95% in 2001~2005,while 45.08% in 2006~2010(P0.05);Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis were 13.06% and 18.03%(P0.05);Alcoholic pancreatitis were 8.92% and 19.88%(P 0.01);Idiopathic pancreatitis were 22.93% and 12.09%(P0.01);Other factors of pancreatitis were 4.14% and 4.92%(P0.05).Conclusion The incidence of AP has increased in Huizhou region;Biliary factors were still the most common causes,while the Hyperlipidemic and Alcoholic factors have increased.


Three 10-story three-bay structures having K-braced framing systems are designed for seismic loads according to building code requirements. Members are proportioned by standard allowable stress procedures. The frames are subjected to strong ground motion and the inelastic response of the three systems is evaluated and compared. Results show that increased ductility requirements occur in regions adjacent to discontinuities in lateral stiffness. The addition of an outrigger truss at the top of the frame tends to force more of the inelastic deformation into the girders and bracing rather than the columns. The fully braced systems are very effective in controlling lateral displacement.


Introduction In this study, I put relations energy time and energy speed and material very developed to solve the classic theme of the equation of light and to come to make a new model of the equation of light by the hypothesis of creation of a new time parameter and a new concept which is based on this parameter which is a mathematical equation that I put them to get to make the new linear model of the equation of light in connection with the final time parameter [1]. Discussion Relationship sutured endless new. The following new Relationship that we have:


By silencing the knowledge of our past, it will not disappear; it transforms into a hum. The hum, as a fluid object of silence can be mournful, can represent absence. The hum that we are neglecting connects with our feelings, registering as cyclic vibrations in contact with parts of the body. The vibrato of the hum speaks of unspoken relations that, according to Tina Campt, unifies quietness with sound, surrounded by affect within a register of meaningfulness. If we don't dare to remember, some images will enunciate—and speak to—the affective register. With the sonic integration of Radio Influenza, artist Jordan Baseman's computerized voices narrate stories from 1918 through newspaper fragments. The audible tracks add another register to the vibrations, complicating Paul Gilroy's "politics of transfiguration," where the "lower frequency" is purposefully over(p)layed mainly with a different set of forgotten histories suppressed from the war narrative. Hence, the sound is felt from an audible and visual register, enacted at the level of the quotidian narratives of twentieth-century photographs and newspaper stories. If we listen to these quiet photos, to these muffled stories, can we acknowledge that just as sonic vibrations, pandemics tend to come in waves as well? In the end, the 1918 spring influenza outbreak was followed by three waves: the fall of 1918, spring of 1919, and winter of 1919. These waves of history, sound, and pandemics, can push us to resist the neglectfulness and acknowledge what we have unlearned from the cycles of quotidian instances, time and time again.


The utility model discloses a novel bamboo type steel tube buckling restricting energy consumption support and belongs to the field of energy consumption buckling restricting support for engineering structure. At present, all kinds of buckling restricting supports have the problems that the weight of the support is too great, structure is too complicated, construction cost is too high and the stress concentration problem can easily happen at some parts of the support. The novel bamboo type steel tube buckling restricting energy consumption support comprises an outer restrained unit sleeved ring (1) and a outer sleeved tube (2), a core cell core tube (3), an inner restrained unit inner sleeved tube (4), a solid tube inner sleeved ring (5) a cross inner support (6), and a support (7). The novel bamboo type steel tube buckling restricting energy consumption support can achieve the surrender energy consumption under pressure in the direction of a supporting shaft and pulling force, the outer restrained unit sleeved ring (1), the outer sleeved tube (2), the inner sleeved tube (4), the solid inner sleeved ring (5) and the cross inner support (6) can restrain the curve of the core tube (3), and the buckling of the core tube (3) under pressure can be avoided.


Russian Army and Border guard Colonel Fyodor Fyodorovich Tyutchev (1860–1916), a well – known chronicler of the Russian army and the border guard, served in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.The purpose of the publication is a comprehensive description of the stay in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904– 1905. The work used sources that had not been previously introduced into scientific circulation, which allowed analyzing the formation of F. F. Tyutchev as a military professional, as well as concretizing the literary and aesthetic concept of the writer. Russian-Japanese War correspondent F. F. Tyutchev, being a correspondent of the newspaper Novoe Vremya, promptly transmitted "hot" information about the affairs of the Russian army to the editorial office. The writer collecting material for future literary works talked with the participants of the Japanese campaign, valuing the opportunity to have conversations not only with the lower ranks who were on the front line but also with the generals whose decisions the outcome of hostilities sometimes depended on. According to the works by Fyodor Fedorovich, we can judge not only the events that took place in the Far East but also analyze the writer's civil and author's position, investigate his philosophical beliefs on what is happening, clarify his thoughts, compare the assessments given to him from what he saw and experienced in the war. The presented article develops scientific ideas and traditions in the field of national historiography, generalizing and analyzing individual, previously unknown materials about the Russian-Japanese war and its participants. F. F. Tyutchev, being on the staff of the 1st Argun regiment not only participated in the fighting but also proved himself as a talented artist of the word, conveying the truth of the Japanese campaign in his writings, creating a portrait gallery of the personnel of the regiments of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army.


The present study discusses the usefulness of Lactate Threshold (LT) as a health indicator in carrying out an exercise program for middle-aged and elderly women.The subjects were 16 middle-aged and elderly women aged 38 to 58 years (mean±SD=41±7 years).In order to 1) measure LT and Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA), 2) study the change of sympathodrenal responsea in relation to changes of cardiovascular and metabolic responses, and 3) examine changes of sympathoadrenal, cardiovascular and metabolic responses during 60mins of exercise corresponding to LT, submaximal exercise tests were performed by the subjects.The results obtained were as follows:1) Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at LT were 120±14 beats/min and 144±24mmHg, whereas at OBLA 153±12 beats/min and 171±20mmHg, respectively.2) Plasma noradrenaline significantly increased above the HR level of 150 beats/min. And a significant relationship was found among the noradrenaline, SBP, pressure-rate product and lactic acid (LA).3) During 60mins of exercise corresponding to LT, LA attained a peak level of 2.01±0.93mmol/l at 10min, and thereafter gradually decreased. On the contrary, there was a progressive increase in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol indicating an increase in lipolysis. Noradrenaline and adrenaline increased 50% and 90% respectively above the resting levels at 60min, at which time values of HR and SBP were 126±21 beats/min and 134±23mmHg, respectively.In conclusion, it was suggested that LT is a superior indicator in terms of safety and efficiency for exercise prescriptions for middle-aged elderly women.


It has been demonstrated that the magnetic state of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) can be switched by a spin-polarized tunnel current via the so-called spin transfer torque (STT) effect. This is a promising mechanism for the write operation memory elements and for driving microwave nano-oscillators. Particularly MgO-based MTJ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) [1] has recently generated great interest due to its potential application in information storage, such as STT-MRAM (magnetic access memory).
The MTJ studied here were grown by magnetron sputtering: substrate/RuCoFe(50)/ Ta(20)/Co60Fe20B20(8)/MgO(9)/Fe(5)/Co60Fe20B20(8)/Ta(3)/Co(2.5)/Pt(8)/[Co(2.5)/Pd(8)]x4/Co(3)/Ru(9)/[Co(2.5)/Pd(8)]x13/Ru(200), where thicknesses are in Angstrom. Then, various sizes ~70 to 300nm in diameters of nanopillars were patterned. More details about the growth and the magnetic parameters can be found in Ref. [2, 3].
We have studied the magneto-transport properties of these devices using a standard four probe-probe method. For the biggest (octagon ~250nm) structures only, an intermediate state, between parallel (P) and anti-parallel (AP) state, appears in the resistance versus applied magnetic field R-H loops and even exists at zero voltage (see FIG. 1). This intermediate resistance value is attributed to a domain wall (DW) state. The influence of the dc voltage (or current) on the DW state is shown on the state diagram in the FIG.1. We notice an asymmetric behaviour according to the sign of the applied voltage (or current) due to STT: for V>0, the DW state is stabilized, in the opposite for V<0, this state disappears. The stabilization of the DW state will be discussed in this presentation.


1PG Scholar, Dept. of ECE, Govt. Engineering College, Idukki 2Asst.Prof, Dept. of ECE, Govt. Engineering College, Idukki 3Asst.Prof, Dept. of ECE, Govt. Engineering College, Idukki, kerala, India. --------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Comparator is one of the basic building blocks in most analog to digital converters. Many high speed analog to digital converters require high speed and low power comparators. This paper presents the idea of a new double tail comparator, which is more power efficient and high speed in operation. A model for the comparator is developed and its functionality is verified by showing a comparison of result between the proposed model and the existing models. Initially a study on the conventional comparator is performed. It is followed by the simulation of the circuit. Then the study and simulation of a single tail comparator is performed. The estimation of power and delay is also performed. Later the design and simulation of double tail comparator is performed. The core objective of designing a high speed and power efficient comparator is accomplished. The platform used to develop and analyze the models is cadence virtuoso tool.


Mammal sex allocation research has focused almost exclusively on maternal traits, but it is now apparent that fathers can also influence offspring sex ratios. Parents that produce female offspring under conditions of intense male–male competition can benefit with greater assurance of maximized grand-parentage. Adaptive adjustment in the sperm sex ratio, for example with an increase in the production of X-chromosome bearing sperm (CBS), is one potential paternal mechanism for achieving female-biased sex ratios. Here, we tested this mechanistic hypothesis by varying the risk of male–male competition that male house mice perceived during development, and quantifying sperm sex ratios at sexual maturity. Our analyses revealed that males exposed to a competitive 'risk' produced lower proportions of Y-CBS compared to males that matured under 'no risk' of competition. We also explored whether testosterone production was linked to sperm sex ratio variation, but found no evidence to support this. We discuss our findings in relation to the adaptive value of sperm sex ratio adjustments and the role of steroid hormones in socially induced sex allocation.


Since 1997, there has been a general policy trend towards the inclusion and use of the third sector to provide some public services, services which have traditionally been regarded as the responsibility of the State. Over this time, the Government has viewed the third sector as a, �€œkey partner in a mixed economy of public service provision, alongside the public and private sectors�€.The third sector includes organisations, which are charitable, �€œnot for profit�€, voluntary and community sector, social enterprise, mutuals, co-operatives, and non-governmental organisations and all work independently of governmental direction. Statistics indicate that there are around 250,000 voluntary and community organisations in addition to the 150,000 general charities in existence.2 It is further thought that the sector contributes at least £7 million to the UK economy.3 In 2002, the Rt Hon Paul Boateng, MP, stated:
�€œ[O]ur aim must be to build a new partnership using the sector's strengths to challenge and stimulate new ideas, complement our shared objectives and take forward the development of social policy generally. This partnership is about fresh ways of thinking through the role and structure of government and the voluntary sector and the way we deliver public services.�€

This paper seeks to consider the role of charities in housing, and the increased focus on charities actively discharging rather than *CONVPL 210 supplementing housing services, as part of government initiatives and beyond. In a sense, there is strong feeling that, at the time of writing, the �€œcredit crunch�€ in the United Kingdom and impending global recession will lead to a �€œnew dawn�€ for the social housing sector, in which charities may have a significant role to play.

The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of the wider involvement of charities in public service provision in housing the mentally vulnerable. The focus is narrow to allow for clear exposition of the issues, but many of the issues raised will be of interest to all charities dealing with public services and property. The question ultimately is would charitable involvement as a third arm of public service provision exacerbate the existing problems of fragmentation, as well as destroying some of the key advantages of the charitable sector? Answering the questions posed requires the context of charitable involvement to be established, which involves an examination of the role that the charitable, public and private sectors have played in social housing to identify what is new in current thinking; before analysing how charities as primary, rather than supplementary, providers of public housing services might either enable or disable effective service for the mentally vulnerable.


Increased appetite and weight gain occurs during pregnancy, associated with development of leptin resistance, and satiety responses to the anorectic peptide α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) are suppressed. This study investigated hypothalamic responses to α‐MSH during pregnancy, using c‐fos expression in specific hypothalamic nuclei as a marker of neuronal signalling, and in vivo electrophysiology in supraoptic nucleus (SON) oxytocin neurons, as a representative α‐MSH‐responsive neuronal population that shows a well‐characterised α‐MSH‐induced inhibition of firing. While icv injection of α‐MSH significantly increased the number of c‐fos‐positive cells in the paraventricular, supraoptic, arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in non‐pregnant rats, this response was suppressed in pregnant rats. Similarly, SON oxytocin neurons in pregnant rats did not demonstrate characteristic α‐MSH‐induced inhibition of firing that was observed in non‐pregnant animals. Given the known functions of α‐MSH in the hypothalamus, the attenuated responses are likely to facilitate adaptive changes in appetite regulation and oxytocin secretion during pregnancy.


Diverse subsonic initial-boundary-value problems (flows in a closed volume initiated by blowing or suction through permeable walls, flows with continuously distributed sources, viscous flows with substantial heat fluxes, etc.) are considered, to show that they cannot be solved by using the classical theory of incompressible fluid motion which involves the equation div u = 0. Application of the most general theory of compressible fluid flow may not be best in such cases, because then we encounter difficulties in accurately resolving the complex acoustic phenomena as well as in assigning the proper boundary conditions. With this in mind a new non-local mathematical model, where div u ≠ 0 in the general case, is proposed for the simulation of unsteady subsonic flows in a bounded domain with continuously distributed sources of mass, momentum and entropy, also taking into account the effects of viscosity and heat conductivity when necessary. The exclusion of sound waves is one of the most important features of this model which represents a fundamental extension of the conventional model of incompressible fluid flow. The model has been built up by modifying both the general system of equations for the motion of compressible fluid (viscous or inviscid as required) and the appropriate set of boundary conditions. Some particular cases of this model are discussed. A series of exact time-dependent solutions, one- and two-dimensional, is presented to illustrate the model.


In this paper a computationally efficient Method of Moments (MoM) formulation for the analysis and evaluation of performance characteristics of transverse wall round end slot coupled junction between two similar and dissimilar waveguides is presented. The junction has been analyzed for the three types of slots, namely the basic rectangular slot, rectangular slot with semicircular ends (Type 1) and rectangular slot with slightly curved ends (Type 2). The computations are carried out for both types of round end slots and rectangular slots, coupling two similar WR-90 X-band rectangular waveguides. Numerical results are presented for the variations of reflection coefficient, VSWR, normalised conductance (g) and susceptance (b) with slot length and slot width for slot coupled junction between two similar waveguides. A comparison among the numerical results for round end slots of (Type 1 and Type 2), and the rectangular slots has been presented.


Aim: Pediatric femoral central venous catheter insertion is sometimes difficult due to small vein size. External iliac vein (EIV) compression may provide a tourniquet effect to the femoral vein (FV) and may facilitate catheterization. This study was conducted to determine the effect of EIV compression on FV size and femoral venous catheterization success rates.
 Methods: This study had 2 parts. The first part was a single-arm experimental study. The second part was a randomized controlled trial. Children weighing 2.5–15.0 kg were included. First part: All patients received the same intervention and measurements. FV anteroposterior and medial-lateral diameters were measured by ultrasound without EIV compression, after which EIV was compressed using the assistant's finger, and FV diameters were measured. Second part: Patients were randomized into compression and control groups. The compression group received EIV compression during femoral venous catheterization. The control group did not receive the compression.
 Results: A total of 30 patients (15 in each group) participated. EIV compression significantly increased FV anteroposterior diameter (3.36 ± 1.01 mm with compression, 2.39 ± 0.76 mm without compression, mean difference = 0.97 mm, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.21, P < 0.001) and medial-lateral diameter (4.58 ± 1.40 mm with compression, 3.86 ± 1.32 mm without compression, mean difference = 0.72 mm, 95% CI = 0.43, 1.01, P < 0.001). Catheterization success rates were not different between groups.
 Conclusions: EIV compression increased FV size, but the effect on femoral venous catheterization success rates was inconclusive due to a small sample size.


One pot condensation of ethylacetoacetate with various para and ortho substituted aldehydes and urea or thiourea by SnCl 2 .2H 2 O affords eight different substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine ones/ thiones. Further we prepared acetylated 3,4-dihydropyrimidine ones/thiones, on treatment of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine ones/thiones with acetic anhydride using zinc chloride as a catalyst. Calcium channel blocker activity shows that synthesized compounds have moderate activity.


. The paper is a continuation of another paper (https://philpapers.org/rec/PENFLT-2) published as Part I . Now, the case of "n=3" is inferred as a corollary from the Kochen and Specker theorem (1967): the eventual solutions of Fermat's equation for "n=3" would correspond to an admissible disjunctive division of a qubit into two absolutely independent parts therefore versus the contextuality of any qubit, implied by the Kochen – Specker theorem. Incommensurability (implied by the absence of hidden variables) is considered as dual to quantum contextuality. The relevant mathematical structure is Hilbert arithmetic in a wide sense (https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3656179), in the framework of which Hilbert arithmetic in a narrow sense and the qubit Hilbert space are dual to each other. A few cases involving set theory are possible: (1) only within the case "n=3" and implicitly, within any next level of "n" in Fermat's equation; (2) the identification of the case "n=3" and the general case utilizing the axiom of choice rather than the axiom of induction. If the former is the case, the application of set theory and arithmetic can remain disjunctively divided: set theory, "locally", within any level; and arithmetic, "globally", to all levels. If the latter is the case, the proof is thoroughly within set theory. Thus, the relevance of Yablo's paradox to the statement of Fermat's last theorem is avoided in both cases. The idea of "arithmetic mechanics" is sketched: it might deduce the basic physical dimensions of mechanics (mass, time, distance) from the axioms of arithmetic after a relevant generalization, Furthermore, a future Part III of the paper is suggested: FLT by mediation of Hilbert arithmetic in a wide sense can be considered as another expression of Gleason's theorem in quantum mechanics: the exclusions about (n = 1, 2) in both theorems as well as the validity for all the rest values of "n" can be unified after the theory of quantum information. The availability (respectively, non-availability) of solutions of Fermat's equation can be proved as equivalent to the non-availability (respectively, availability) of a single probabilistic measure as to Gleason's theorem.


286 Abstract— Aiming at developing a flexible IT tool that will enable someone to have fast access to strength and other useful properties of structural damageable materials by using appropriate queries through the internet, we have developed a relational web driven database accompanied by a modeling tool that is developed n Mathworks Matlab. The database and the accompanying matlab tool aims at fast approximate calculations of the behavior of a certain structural material element under a given hazard intensity or under repeated cycles of loading.


One of the problems that influence the quality of administering justice is the duration of court proceeding.
This problem has been significantly recognized in many countries. In Malaysia, the lengthy duration of court proceedings pertaining to divorce cases of Muslim couples is particularly considered to be a problem in Malaysian shariah court. In fact, this is the most prevalent complaint ever lodged by the public to Shariah Judiciary Department (JKSM) every year. While it is true that delay indicates inefficiency in management, the interpretive standard used by the JKSM concerning delay is applied for cases which
reach settlement after 360 days. Therefore, what is deemed to be delay by laymen, is perhaps not so by the shariah court's standard. There are still far lack of empirical and extensive academic studies on divorce case management especially concerning delay in case settlement. The objective of this research is to examine whether delay exists in case management in Shariah court, how extensive and critical it is by looking at the contributing factors. Dissolution of marriage cases are chosen as the sample of the study as these cases are frequently bogged with delays.


It is believed that annual variability in chokka squid catches may be linked to recruitment success. For the oceanic Illex species, recruitment variability has been shown to be strongly related to changes in Western Boundary Currents (WBCs) as these play a major role in the life cycle. This paper investigates the role of currents in the early life cycle of chokka squid. A synthesis of currents on the Agulhas Bank is undertaken within the context of paralarvae food distribution and availability. Flow patterns are shown to be less defined and more complex than WBCs. Copepods are widely available for the paralarvae on the shelf, which suggests that starvation is not a limiting factor in chokka squid recruitment success. Instead of playing a positive role in the early life history of the chokka squid, currents appear to present a threat to the survival of paralarvae by removal from the shelf ecosystem. This can influence recruitment.


This paper gives a review of DS-CDMA, RAKE receiver and multicarrier DS-CDMA as well as a proposal and numerical result for a multicarrier DS-CDMA system. This paper is organized as follows: Section I introduces the development of methods for wireless communication over multipath fading channel. Section II gives Turin's evaluation of the eeects of multipath and fading on the performance of DS-CDMA systems. Section IIIgives Pursley's evaluation of this issue. Section IV explains the structure and performance of conventional RAKE receiver. Section V shows Sourour's work on Multicarrier DS-CDMA. Section VI is a proposal for a multicarrier DS-CDMA system and some numerical results I have got. Section VII is devoted to the conclusions and future work.


The growing interest in reducing fuel consumption and gas emissions provides an incentive for the automotive industry to innovate in the field of hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The two embedded power sources in these vehicles require an intelligent controller in order to make the best decision on the power distribution. Actually these controllers, often called energy management systems (EMS), are very important and greatly influence the achievable fuel economy. Many authors have studied the possibility of fuzzy based systems as they have proved to be robust, reliable and simple. However, they demonstrate a lack of optimality because their design is focused on the vehicle characteristics rather than the driving conditions. This paper proposes an approach that uses a fuzzy system fed with driving condition information in order to increase the controller effectiveness in every situation. The efficiency of the proposed controller is demonstrated through simulations.


Groundwater flow through permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) may often involve coupled free (non-porous) and porous sections. To model the fluid mobility efficiently in such situations and design an effective subsurface remediation scheme, the free and porous flow zones should be studied in conjunction with each other. The flow phenomena in the conjugate regions must also be upscaled from the local to larger scales (e.g. field scale). The present paper focuses on analysing the hydrodynamic conditions in combined free and porous domains in an aid for designing PRBs. The paper does not address the issues related to upscaling the flow processes to a larger scale.


Nerve agents are highly toxic organophosphorus compounds with strong inhibition potency against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Herein, we describe two first extremely promising uncharged reactivators for poisoned human AChE with a superior or similar in vitro ability to reactivate the enzyme as compared to that of HI-6, obidoxime, TMB-4 and HLö-7.


The production of agglutinating antibodies to the Ea-1a erythrocytic alloantigen in Mus musculus has previously been shown to be controlled by a single Mendelian recessive factor when strain YBR was crossed with BALB or CBA. It has now been determined that when YBR is crossed with C57BL/10, responsiveness is dominant and a strong nongenetic effect occurs. When positive assortative matings were made between YBR-B10 F2 segregants, a significant response to selection occurred, and estimates of the heritability of the response could be obtained. After one additional generation of selection the high responder line included 81% responders while the low responder line included no responders.


Body Area Networks (BAN) are steadily gaining importance in the area of remote health monitoring. An important concern in this area is the interference from existing wireless networks. The following paper suggests the orthogonal modified hermite pulses for narrowband interference suppression. The performance analysis has been presented in the presence of strong narrowband interference in the 4.8GHz band.


Many eye problems in the cat are quite different from those found in the dog, or any other animals. Corneal sequestrum, for example, appears to be unique to the cat. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease are quite common in cats and routine examination may be crucial as an aid to diagnosis. Deficiencies of taurine and thiamine can change the appearance of the ocular fundus. Those alterations associated with taurine deficiency are usually considered pathognomic. Most commonly the diagnosis of infectious disease that is aided by ophthalmologic examination; causal agents include viruses such a feline herpes viruses, FIP, FIV, FeLV, parasites (Toxoplasma gondii), yeasts and fungi. Neoplasia in cats is generally more aggressive than that of other domestic mammals and the eye and adnexa may be primarily or secondarily involved (1, 2, 3).


Roasting soybean at inappropriate temperatures results in loss of essential nutritional components from the seed and high-energy losses, thus increasing the cost of production. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the heat transfer phenomenon in a charcoal soybean roaster. Simulations were carried out using Solid Edge® ST9, a synchronous Technology software developed by Siemens Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). The temperature of the roasting drum was observed to be higher at the lower end of the drum compared to the top. The temperature at the bottom of the drum ranges between 420oC and 590oC. Temperature is highest at the center of the drum and reduces towards the extreme ends of the drum. The results indicate that the distance between the drum and the stove affects the temperature of the drum. The average drum temperature is observed to increase with a reduction in distance of separation between the drum and charcoal stove. CFD was successfully used to simulate the heat transfer phenomenon in the charcoal soybean roaster. Since the temperature of the drum varies greatly with the distance between the drum and the charcoal stove, it is necessary to modify the charcoal roasting machine by incorporating a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the roasting drum and the charcoal stove. This will enable appropriate regulation of the drum temperatures to prevent over-roasting and burning of the soybeans thus reducing nutrient loss. Additionally, the adjusting mechanism will ensure the efficient utilization of the charcoal soybean roaster.


After the launch of NASA's SeaWinds radar scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite in 1999, a radiometer function, known as the QuikSCAT Radiometer - QRad, was implemented in the Science Ground Data Processing Systems to allow the measurement of the earth's microwave brightness temperature (Tb) using the radar system noise temperature [1, 2]. This paper will describe an inter-satellite radiometric calibration technique to validate the QRad brightness temperature algorithm and the QuikSCAT L2A Tb product. This approach allows the inter-comparison of two satellite sensors (radiometers) that have significant differences in their designs. To assess the quality of the QRad instrument, we compare its Tb measurements with the near simultaneous and collocated ocean brightness temperature observations from WindSat on the Coriolis Satellite, which serves as the brightness temperature calibration standard. Since the QRad and WindSat instruments were of different designs, brightness temperature normalizations were made for WindSat before comparison to account for expected differences in Tb because of incidence angle and channel frequency differences. Brightness temperatures for nine months during 2005 and 2006 were spatially collocated for rainfree homogeneous ocean scenes (match-ups) within 1° latitude x longitude boxes and within a ± 60 minute window. To ensure high quality comparison, these collocations were quality controlled and edited to remove non-homogenous ocean scenes and/or transient environmental conditions, including rain contamination. WindSat and QRad Tb's were averaged within 1° boxes and were used for the radiometric inter-calibration analysis on a monthly basis. Results show that QRad radiometric calibration is stable in the mean over the yearly seasonal cycle.


Basic training is one of words be used at most times in teaching and training of young gymnasts. But there are some haze understanding about the theory of it. The article has analyses the theory and recognized the concept and general training principle of young gymnasts' basic training.


large fish postlarvae, caught by dip net at the sea surface in Senzaki and by mid-water trawl in Hagi Bay, Hagi, both in Yamaguchi Prefecture, were identified as Ateleqpus joponicus Bleeker, 1854 (Family Ateleopodidae), on the basis of meristic and tooth characters. The postlarvae were characterized by elongated dorsal- and pelvic-fin rays, and had 22 orange bands and many yellowish lines on the translucent body and anal fin, respectively. This is the first description of postlarvae of AteleopLts joponicus. Color photographs are included, The likelihood of two transpert routes, from the southwestern Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, are discussed,


Abstract We know Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) and flares are the most energetic phenomena happening on the Sun. Until now the information about origin and trigger mechanism of CMEs remains scarce. Also, there is unconclusive information about the association between them and flares although progress has been made in recent years. Multi-spectral observations suggested that the flare energy release occurs in regions from where the decimetric radio emission originates. In this case, investigations of the solar emission in this wavelength range can give us valuable information about these questions. During last solar maximum the Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) observed the solar radio spectrum (1–2.5 GHz) with high time (100–20 ms) and frequency (50–100 channels) resolutions on a daily (11–19 UT) basis. A survey during the period 1999–2002, shows that a significant fraction (20% –57 events) of CMEs recorded by LASCO has an association with the spectra of radio bursts recorded by BSS. Analysis of the radio spectrum associated to CME shows there is a dominance of continuum and/or pulsation and that the association becomes stronger when we consider the CME acceleration since its origin on the Sun. A statistics of this association between CME dynamics and the characteristics of decimetric radio bursts recorded by BSS is presented. Emphasis is given to observations of the association with CME start time.


This paper analyses the contradictions which would appear when one applies the traditional theory of group repesentation to g f -the permutation group on state indicies. It is pointed out that when repeated state indicies occur, the permutation operator of g f will become undefined. According to [1], we generalise naturally the concepts of the irreducible bases for such case and give a unambiguous definition of the so called quasi-standard bases of group g f . Futhermore we have proved that the quasi-standard bases of group g f are just the Gelfand bases of group SU n . Hence the eigenfunction methodcan also be used to calculate the Gelfand bases of group SU n .


China's benefit-oriented family planning policy can be divided roughly into two stages :early stage of population control and current comprehensive governance.The review of the changing process of benefit-oriented family planning policy and an analysis of the panel data of 29 provinces between 1991 to 2010 found that comprehensive governance policy boast of much stronger impacts on family development and is more conducive to the improvement of domestic economy compared with the population control policy.Under the comprehensive governance policy,families tend to adjust development strategy to relieve the uncertain risks resulted from children decrease by external transfer of risks and better investment of human capital.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: method comprises: upon receiving the access request message from UE, the first primary network device can send information to UE regarding the correspondence of dedicated second main network device of UE. EFFECT: increasing the accuracy of selection when the main network device is selected for user terminal, and excludes the occurrence of user terminal access failure. 18 cl, 7 dwg


We read with great interest the article titled "Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse and rectal intussusception using a biological mesh" [1] published in Colorectal Disease. We believe this work is an important addition to the current literature on laparoscopic ventral Mesh rectopexy (LVMR) for rectal prolapse; however we do have a few remarks on this manuscript.

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Background: Thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin are the most common inherited diseases. The only treatment readily available in most countries is regular blood transfusion and iron chelation that is recommended in severely anemic patients with iron overload. In the last 20 years there has been much
progress in terms of diagnosing, preventing and managing thalassemia. This has lead to the success of prevention and control of thalassemia in many Mediterranean countries such as Cyprus, Italy and Greece.

Objective: To introduce approaches that may be applied for the control of thalassemia in developing countries including Asia where thalassemias are very prevalent.

Keywords: Asia, prevention, thalassemia.


A technical scheme of AC drive system for 300km/h power distributed EMUs was proposed based on summarization AC drive system of EMUs "Xian feng". The characteristics of traction and regenerative brake, the main parameters of electric drive system, the ratings of electric equipment (such as traction transformer, traction motor and traction converter) and main function of control system are elucidated.


Abstract : An approach is suggested for modeling human processing time in routine tasks. The existence of mental processing methods, or procedures, is presumed and the approach uses information theoretic concepts to develop a functional relationship between task variables and processing time for a given procedure. The resulting model contains parameters that must be estimated using processing time data. In addition to considering the single-procedure model, the modeling framework is extended to include situations where multiple procedures are used in an alternate fashion. The information theoretic framework provides a specific model form for the extra time required for switching to, or activating, a procedure. The modeling approach is tested experimentally in two ways. First, a single procedure task is devised for which a model is developed. Second, a multiple procedure task is devised to test the model for switching. Experimental results in both cases give evidence in support of the approach as a method for describing task processing time in terms of task variables. (Author)


Neither before perestroika nor during its first two or three years did social science venture to pose directly and discuss openly the question of whether the social system that has formed in the USSR is socialist. Only doubts concerning the legitimacy of such a definition of the specifics of Soviet society as developed socialism were initially as far as boldness went (at least in open publications). To be sure, both official party-state documents and the press spoke of deviations from socialist principles. Then, with increasing frequency use was made of the category "deformation" which denoted stable deviations of various concrete processes and phenomena from the line of socialist development. Even today, however, by no means everyone has moved from the recognition of the existence of individual deviations from socialist principles and individual nonsocialist deformations in social relations to the assessment of the entire system of relations as deformed (nonsocialist).


Architectural graphics are important to the interior designer for two reasons. First, an interior designer needs to test new design concepts graphically. When a designer can see how an idea looks, he or she can decide if it should be retained as is, refined, or discarded. Second, an interior designer's living is derived by selling design ideas to clients. Words are often inadequate to the task; a client needs to see as well as hear what the designer has in mind. Using graphics promotes communication and, if the designer uses the graphic language well, a sale. Interior design educators have included architectural graphics competencies in previous professional surveys. Trick (1978) surveyed educators and practicing interior designers to determine which professional skills should be emphasized in competency-based interior design curricula. Most graphics competencies received ratings nearest 4 ("important") on a 5 point Likert scale ("not important" to "essential"). Benhamou (1980) conducted a study that examined the frequencies with which practicing designers used the academic subjects they studied in college and the frequencies with which they performed specific professional activities. Architectural graphics skills, especially drafting floor plans, rated high in both studies. Myers (1982) surveyed educators and practitioners to determine which competencies neophyte interior designers should master before beginning professional practice. When the top 30 competencies were ranked according to educator and practitioner responses, drafting topped the list. If graphics skills are as important as the Trick, Benhamou, and Myers studies indicate, it is somewhat surprising to find that many interior design students take only a n introductory course or two in the subject. The University of Alabama, for example, offers two: Construction Drawing and Presentation Methods. Where this is so, educators should structure these courses to use the limited time available to best advantage. To that end, they need to know which graphics competencies their upperclass students and graduates use most frequently.


This study is about research into 'National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA)' and 'College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT)' in 5 metropolitan cities and analysis of the result. The objects of study are the materials of mathematics grade of NAEA from 2003 to 2009 and mathematics items of CSAT from 1994 to 2010. The contents of the study are followings. First, the trends of mathematics score of NAEA in elementary, middle and high school is analyzed according to gender, establishment type and the type of school. Second, the trends of CSAT is analyzed according to gender and line (cultural science line or natural science line). Also the trends of application number for cultural science line and natural science line. Third, the trends of the achievement test score of 6th grade in elementary school, third grade in middle school, first grade in high school and the CSAT score in third grade in high school for the same group is considered.


It is well known that various species of grouse can thrive on a winter diet of buds, catkins, and conifer needles that would not support a quail for a week. Why this should be so has not been determined, to my knowledge. In pursuit of a possible explanation of differential digestive abilities I started some years ago casually inspecting the alimentary tracts of various gallinaceous birds. Gross differences in the relative dimensions of intestines and caeca were noted, the browsing grouse having appreciably longer digestive tracts, especially caeca, than the quails, partridges, pheasants and turkeys which generally depend on somewhat higher quality food in the winter diet. A cursory survey of the ornithological literature yielded some data on galliform intestinal morphology (Bump, et al, 1947, for ruffed grouse; Gross, 1928, for heath hen) but apparently no comparative survey of galliforms had been made. Accordingly, over a period of time, samples of most North American galliforms were collected and intestinal tracts measured; the results are here summarized. It is not claimed that these observations completely answer the question posed above, but they undoubtedly have some bearing on the matter. At least they suggest a likely avenue of future research. I am indebted to a number of colleagues for assistance in assembling materials, particularly Frank A. Pitelka of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Fr derick and Frances Hamerstrom of


The concept of role conflict is explored with data gathered from a population of Catholic priests in the diocese of Springfield, Massachusetts. Seventeen potential sources of role conflict were investigated and levels of agreement on eight current issues within the Church were assessed. In each area it was found that younger priests were experiencing more severe role conflict. Likewise, the youngest men indicated that they perceived noticeable differences in expectations concerning their role performance from numerous others whom they served. Some role conflict appeared to be resolved by attaching greater significance to younger reference and significant others. The existence of role conflict among Catholic priests, especially the younger men, seems to be confirmed.


Background: The habit of tobacco use is initiated during early youth and this age group require constant monitoring and timely appropriate action to curtail usage. Objective: To assess Knowledge, attitude and practice of primary and secondary school students toward tobacco use in Al-Mukalla city. Design & Methods: A cross-sectional -based study was carried out from February to April 2010 among 3688 primary and secondary school students selected randomly by using selfadministered questionnaire. Results & Conclusion: The study indicated that 8.3% of students are current tobacco use. 18.2% of students used tobacco only for one time and main cause was to try 49.4%. Despite Exposure to passive tobacco smoke is now accepted as a real risk to health, most of the students exposed to passive smoking 82% and Transport facility was the most common site of exposure.


As automation is spreading in all the industry domains, the presence of robots is becoming unavoidable inside factories, warehouses and manufacturing facilities. Although a great number of companies and research institutions have concentrated their efforts on developing new robotic systems and advanced algorithms, much work is necessary to provide robotic grippers, especially industrial ones, with reliable, powerful control strategies. Therefore, this article aims at delivering an up-to-date point of view on the state of the art of robotic gripper control. The principal control methodologies employed so far, as well as a thorough selection of the existing contributions to the field, will be reported and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion about future directions will be expressed.


This paper presents the design, modeling, and numerical performance evaluation for a novel type of high-torque motor, targeting various direct-drive applications such as robot actuator, precision motion rotatry stages, and in-wheel drive for electrical vehicles. The key idea of the motor design is to use a combination of (a) combined axial- and radial-flux electric machine and (b) vernier permanent magnet (VPM) motor. Such combination effectively increases the torque generation capability for the proposed motor, and makes it attractive for direct-drive applications. Analytical model for the motor's performance is derived and is validated using finite element method (FEM), and is used for optimizing the motor design parameters. Motor's losses and efficiency are evaluated by FEM simulations for various magnetic material selections. The mechanical design for the motor is also discussed. The simulation result of the proposed motor demonstrates a 1.5× torque improvement compared with a baseline off-she-shelf direct-drive machine of the same size. The comparison shows that the proposed machine design is promising for the next-generation high-torque direct-drive motors.


To find out the approximations for the probability distribution functions (PDF) of vehicles' speeds during different periods of time respectively is one of the most important targets to analyze a transportation system. Nevertheless, the distribution of the velocity generally does not consist with the normal (Gaussian) distribution. In this article, two statistic models for fitting are investigated, which are Generalized T (GT) distribution and the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Maximum likelihood Estimation (MLE) rule is used in the optimization of the models' parameters through Genetic Algorithm. For simulation, data from NGSIM is utilized, and the result manifests that both of the two proposed models are better than Gaussian model. GT performs better in maximum likelihood, while GMM has better performance in MSE.


A simplistic view of the surface ocean circulation is often found in geographical maps. The main surface currents represented in Fig.1 are the large scale, wind driven currents which Sverdrup and Stommel, among others pioneers, have tried to understand. The first models of the wind-forced ocean circulation that they built were two-dimensional, used the simplified quasigeostrophic equations, and the western boundary currents were viscous boundary layers.


Introduction The brain microenvironment consists of various cell types such as astrocytes, microglia, neurons and brain endothelial cells. It sustains the normal brain functions and the structures of the cerebral capillaries that form the blood brain barrier (BBB). During tumour progression, malignant cells release vascular endothelial growth factor and other cytokines that increase the permeability of blood vessels allowing them to intravasate into the circulation. In addition, the cells can take advantage of the patho-physiology of the tumour angiogenenic leaky blood vessels at distant organs and extravasate from them at inflamed sites. Such activated site can be the brain parenchyma, which may become a pro-inflammatory metastatic niche. Although little is known about the precise mechanisms and the factors that contribute to the brain metastatic process, there is increasing evidence that astrocytes are involved by mediating a neuroinflammation. They respond by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines that compromise the integrity of the BBB, increasing the permeability of the capillary endothelium and preparing a metastatic niche for melanoma colonisation. Material and methods We established three spontaneous melanoma brain metastasis mouse models that present a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and a pro-metastatic niche preceding the colonisation of melanoma to the brain. siRNA targeting specific chemokines, neutralizating antibody, or a CRISPR/Cas9 system were used to downregulate the expression and secretion of chemokines for further in vitro studies. Results and discussions We identified MCP-1, a pro-inflammatory chemokine, implicated in the paracrine interaction between melanoma cells and the brain. The positive staining for GFAP and MCP-1 in the tumour area suggests a cooperation between melanoma and the tumour microenvironment, in which MCP-1 plays a pro-tumorigenic role during cell migration. Astrocytes-secreted MCP-1 expression levels increase when co-cultured with melanoma cells or their conditioned media. Downregulation of MCP-1 leads to decreased migration of melanoma cells in vitro. Moreover, neutralising antibody-targeting MCP-1 reduces melanoma invasion in matrigel towards sprouting aortas. Conclusion Activated astrocytes promote the migration of circulating melanoma cells to the brain by increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1. Consequently, investigating the changes in melanoma and astrocytes gene-expression could be the key for interfering and preventing melanoma colonisation to the brain.


This paper explores the design and operation of a dc microgrid formed by a few base stations that is powered primarily from photovoltaic (PV) arrays coupled to batteries. First, the control architecture is described with a focus on the high-level controller. This controller optimizes operation so batteries are not subject to excessive cycling and deep discharges thanks to an integrated management of base station load through a strategy based on traffic shaping. The technique used to control traffic is extensively explained and verified with case studies that are based on systems using configurations expected to be observed in practical applications.


The present study was undertaken to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among germplasm lines and toidentify genetically diverse lines of sunflower for their further exploitation. Thirty- three genotypes were grouped into eight clusters by using Tocher's method. On the basis of average inter cluster distance, cluster mean and mean performance of genotypes, 16 superior crosses have been suggested which are expected to yield desirable genetic gain in breeding programme.


Motivation: External shocks affect the performance of economies. This is especially true recently after COVID-19 pandemics and ongoing war in Ukraine. States struggle to maintain their revenues in order to avoid skyrocketing public debts. Yet, especially now, governments face challenges connected with high uncertainty of inflows from the taxes.Aim: The aim of the article is improvement in understanding of the variability of government revenues sourced from selected taxes binding in the EU Member states as well as the potential reasons for their fluctuations.Results: The calculations are made based on empirical data for EU Members states for the period 1996–2021. There are ten taxes that were considered — both those of key importance for budgets in most jurisdictions as well as some sectoral or specific more niche levies. Study is executed with usage of statistical tools that include calculation of coefficient of variation, modified trend curve estimation with use of Hodrick–Prescott filter, correlation of such trend with empirical data, comparison of coefficient of variation for empirical data with numbers produces by Hodrick–Prescott filter and two-way ANOVA without replications, while controlling for the states. Corporate income taxes, Excise duty as well as most specific and sectoral taxes that include Taxes on capital transfers, Car registration taxes, Taxes on insurance premiums or Tax on lotteries, gambling and betting are generally characterized by greater variability in terms of revenues they provide than Payroll taxes, Real estate taxes or Value added taxes. Due to insufficient research in previous studies in this respect, findings presented in this article may provide for a useful hint for policymakers in further design of optimal tax system that would provide for stable and predictable sources of income to the government.


To improve the hydrogen evolution rate in continuous hydrogen production of a novel fermentative hydrogen producing bacteria strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL), 4 % immobilized cells by polyvinyl alcohol boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate in a column reactor obtain hydrogen yield of 2.31 mol H2/mol glucose and hydrogen evolution rate of 1435.4 ml/L culture·h respectively at medium retention time of 2.0 h with a medium containing 10g glucose/L. Moreover, as the cell density in gel beads is increased to 8%, hydrogen yield and hydrogen evolution rate for 10g glucose/L are 2.34 mol H2/mol glucose and 2912.4 ml/L culture·h respectively at medium retention time of 1.0 h, and for molasses wastewater COD of 7505.9 mg/L hydrogen production potential of 205.6 ml/g COD and hydrogen evolution rate of 2057.7 ml/L culture·h at hydraulic retention time of 0.75 h are observed. In the continuous culture pH value keeps around 3.9 by self regulating.


Accurate measurements of snow areas and surface albedo are crucial to advancing our understanding of the global climate system. This is because of the highly reflective nature of snow combined with its large surface coverage (snow can cover up to 40 % of the Earth's land surface during the Northern Hemisphere winter). The reflectance of snow varies with both solar incidence angle and the viewing angle. Visible sensors with different spatial resolutions have been used to infer the snow parameters. Currently, only nadir-viewing directional reflectance data are available from satellite observations. Observations at multiple angles are needed to infer the hemispheric reflectance albedo of snow fields. We propose to study the directional reflectance of snow fields using POLDER data, which contains information from different viewing angles and polarization. POLDER was successfully launched an the ADEOS-1 satellite in August, 1996, however, because POLDER data are not yet available, data from ASAS, a pointable, airborne spectroradiometer, were used in this study. Data collected over Glacier National Park of Montana show strong angular dependence. Preliminary results confirm the anisotropic nature of the snow reflectance. Knowledge of the bi-directional reflectance function(BDRF) of snow -covered surfaces is the key to developing a true albedo model in the future.


This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental verification of a piezoelectric device that extracts energy from low-level vibrations. Such a device may be configured as a new source of power supply to operate wireless sensor networks. A millimeter-sized, non-uniformly shaped beam consisting of two piezoelectric layers is proposed as the key component of the device. An analytical model of the beam is established and used to predict the dynamic response of the beam and subsequently, its power output, when it is subject to vibration inputs. Through a coupled-field analysis, the coupling between the mechanical and electrical domains of the energy extraction device is analyzed. Simulations and experiments on a vibration shaker have shown that, compared with the rectangular beam design that has been traditionally used, the new design has increased the energy extraction capability of the beam by as much as 70%. In addition to beam design, issues related to device packaging are also addressed in the paper.


The section of psychology comprises two rooms; the one fitted out as a laboratory in operation and other containing a collection of apparatus used in the experimental study of mental phenomena. The room devoted to the growth and development of children contains a series of illustrations of the growth of mental powers belonging to this section. An exhibit of the methods and results of modern psychology is naturally confined to these portions of the science that are most amenable to objective illustration. For this reason it is well to emphasize the fact that there are equally important divisions of the subject that are not represented


This paper explores which (bundles of) managed content services are attractive to users. We look specifically into bundle composition with basic digital content buying, sharing and consumption as core, and mobile and remote access, gifting, peer-to-peer (p2p) trading and exchange of digital content and mediated trading as complementary services. Pricing is an important criterion as well. Conjoint analysis is used to assess which combination of services and price is attractive to users. The result of this analysis is that users arc willing to pay for a basic service that allows them to play their content on any device within their personal or household domain. Services that reinforce the functionality of the basic content service, e.g. remote access to one's content via a mobile device or a remote stationary device, generates a higher purchase intent than complementary services. Such complementary services would extend the content experience in new directions such as digital content trading.


Author(s): Derfner, Armand | Abstract: [Note from NBLJ Voume 2, Number 3, Winter 1972: "NOTE: "Subsequent to the pulblication of the Armand Derfner article, "Multi-Member Districts and Black Voters," which appeared in the Summer, 1972 issue of the BiACK LAW JOURNAL, there have been a niunber of significant changes. Before citing this article, please contact the Board of Editors and a copy of these changes will be immediately forwarded."


The effects of various metal electrodes on the resistive switching of NiO thin films were investigated. Contrary to the belief that Pt is used for its high work function, which enables Ohmic contact to p-type NiO, resistive switching was observed in films with Ta or Al electrodes with a low work function in the as-deposited state. The resistive switching of films with a Ag or Cu top electrode with a low work function and high free energy of oxidation shows the importance of the formation of an oxide layer at the metal/NiO interface.


Studies on the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of animals in the stables. The study was aimed at selecting species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes to be used in practical control of the house y in stables, which should provide welfare of bred animals. Test insect, the house y, and entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were used in experiments. Laboratory strains of nematodes and those commercially available in Poland and in Europe were used in performed tests. Larvae, pupae and imagines of M. domestica were cultivated in the Institute of Organic Industry in Warsaw. Four groups were created for each nematode species. Not all nematode species and strains were equally pathogenic to house ies.


Actually today life in the field of TV systems service is connected with changing present analog one to new digital. It is, of course no simply and no short process. In many countries of the world from economy point is discussed question which video-codec implement in DVB system, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 AVC not only for expected HD multiplexed transport stream. In this dependence is partly important where and which weight place in education of source encoding of video sequences within education of DVB system principles, too. The proposed paper deals therefore with user extendable software tool for source encoding of video sequences in standard codec MPEG-2/Video (ITU-T Rec. H.262) developed for education at our department.


. Asymmetric heavenly equation, presented in a two-component form, is known to be 3+1-dimensional bi-Hamiltonian system. We show that symmetry reduction of this equation yields a new two component 2+1-dimensional integrable bi-Hamiltonian system. We prove that this new 2+1-dimensional system admits bi-Hamiltonian structure, so that it is integrable according to Magri's theorem. new bi-Hamiltonian integrable system. For this system we present Hamiltonian


The objective of this research is to define a methodology for designing presents the simulation and design analysis of fully integrated receiver system for millimeter and microwave applications. A beauty thought of new design of CMOS LNA, filter and micro strip antenna are largely improves the system integration, reduced chip area and save the cost. In this paper, a three different architecture are proposed and analyzed through Agilent ADS tool. We have designed 90nm CMOS LNA at 10-20GHz to integrate with band pass filter and rectangular patch antenna at same frequency.


A bioswale integrating an engineered soil and trees was installed in a parking lot to evaluate its ability to reduce storm runoff, pollutant loading, and support tree growth. The adjacent control and treatment sites each received runoff from eight parking spaces and were identical except that there was no bioswale for the control site. A tree was planted at both sites. Storm runoff, pollutant loading, and tree growth were measured. There were 50 storm events with a total precipitation of 563.8 mm during February 2007 and October 2008. The bioswale reduced runoff by 88.8% and total pollutant loading by 95.4%. The engineered soil provided a better aeration and drainage for tree growth than did the control's compacted urban soil. The superior performance of the bioswale demonstrated its potential use for large-scale application in parking lots and roadsides to reduce runoff and support tree growth.


The value of phylogenetic comparisons between populations based on tooth morphology depends on a knowledge of the extent to which the observed morphological variation is genetic in origin. This knowledge can be derived unequivocally only from the analysis of family data. However, in the absence of such knowledge the ability of tooth morphology to distinguish biological differences can be evaluated directly by testing its discriminating power in practice on populations between which the degrees of genetic difference are already known. The results of such an evaluation show that different degrees of subjectivity of scoring are associated with different characters, but that moderately good correspondence between known genetic differences and differences based on tooth morphology can be achieved when characters showing the least subjectivity of scoring are used.


Abstract This paper assesses the contribution of country governance structures to resolving the unsettled crowding-in–crowding-out hypothesis of public and private investments and arresting the recent fall of public investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within an Arellano-Bond Dynamic Panel Framework, we estimate a derived accelerator model that allows for inclusion of country governance structures (control of corruption, political stability, rule of law, governance effectiveness, voice and accountability and regulatory quality) in a public investment model. The results, based on data from SSA, suggest that country governance structures that control corruption, ensure political stability, regulatory quality and rule of law enhance public investment in SSA. But the presence of these governance structures does not curtail the crowding out effect of private investment on public investment. Thus, policies directed at improving public investment in SSA should target governance structures in addition to the conventional factors.


Previous analyses of olive (Olea europaea L.) crosses have revealed an important degree of pollen contamination. For this reason, the authors tested the paternity of a set of progenies coming from crosses among differentcultivarswithintheolivebreedingprogramofC´ ordoba,Spain,usingfourpolymorphicmicrosatellites.They found that the expected pollen sired 141 (83.4%) of the 169 samples analyzed. The contamination rate was either almost total or almost null within each particular cross considered, not being comparable between different crosses. In a second experiment the authors evaluated the influence of several factors on the success of olive crosses, the type of isolation bag, the timing and number of pollinations, and the cross-compatibility of the parents in a multifactorial assay in 2003. They observed no differences in the type of pollination bag used or the number and timing of pollen additions when they analyzed 145 seeds. The main factor affecting the success of the crosses seems to be the intercompatibility among cultivars, because it had a significant influence on the rate of contamination. In the failed crosses, the authors clearly detected the contribution of more than one cultivar to the paternity. The results obtained here indicate that some knowledge of cross-compatibility relationships in olive is required to design crosses in olive breeding programs effectively. To achieve this objective, the progeny parentage analysis could be of great help because of the high level of pollen contamination found among those studied here.


The paper considers the problem of object segmentation and shape recognition in discrete noisy data. Two different algorithms combine region growing techniques with principal component analysis. The proposed algorithms are applied to a data set from airborne laser scanners.


Reticular or net-like perineuronal coatings enriched with proteoglycans (PGs) and/or glycoproteins (GPs) were demonstrated to ensheathe cell surfaces of certain neuronal circuits in the central nervous system of mammals, reptiles and fishes. In this investigation the coated or ensheathed neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of adult albino rats were quantified using a computerised analysing system. They were distributed throughout the II–IV cortical layers and comprised about 24.25% of total neurons. The perineuronal coatings were expressed with a cationic iron colloid (CIC), CIC/Bodian staining and with certain plant lectins from Vicia villosa agglutinin 'VVA', Wisteria floribunda agglutinin 'WFA' and Glycine max agglutinin 'SBA'. The mean number of coated neurons per unit area (UA, 60.15 μm2), as labelled by CIC or CIC/Bodian, VVA, WFA and SBA staining was 4.01 ± 0.42, 4.43 ± 0.37, 6.45 ± 0.87, 5.70 ± 0.73 and 3.91 ± 0.53, respectively. In addition, labelling indicated by the aforementioned stains were 10.55%, 11.55%, 16.97%, 15.00% and 10.23%. Notably, the labelled retrosplenial neurons underwent a non-significant increase with progression of animal age at the first post-natal year. However, they declined thereafter toward senility. Qualitatively, there were three types of coated neuronal circuits at the RSC of rats: PGs-, GPs- and PGs/GPs- coated cells, which comprised 9%, 64% and 27%, respectively. This data indicated that the GPs- and GPs/PGs- coated neurons in the RSC of albino rats were more prevalent than the PGs- coated ones.


Objective: This cross-sectional study analyzed associations between and determinants for health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, and societal participation in polytrauma patients. Summary ...


A custom meter capable of handling corrosive fluids was developed to control sequential injection as part of an experimental probe-type fertilizer injector. The meter transmitted pressurized fluid from a stationary housing to a rotor and crankshaft assembly that revolved within the housing. Size and location of a slot in the flat rotor face dictated duration and timing of the injection interval. To maintain sealing and to compensate for wear between component contact surfaces, a unique floating pressure plate assembly faced with ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polymer was located between the housing and rotor. Triple o-ring rotary seals installed using modified manufacturer-recommended groove dimensions prevented leaking of fluid from the meter. The meter operated successfully in laboratory and field evaluations of the fertilizer injector.


The present work suggests an analysis, albeit in an incipient way, about the repercussions of Federal Law No. 13,709 / 2018 (General Data Protection Law LGPD) on collective labor relations. The text begins by addressing the Brazilian legislative omission regarding specific data protection in lato sensu work relations, drawing a parallel with the European Regulation paradigm (GDPR), in order to ascertain whether legislative silence would in any way prevent the reflexes of LGPD in the labor sphere, specifically, collective. In a second step, the first impressions and / or inquiries about the effects of the application of LGPD to collective labor relations are indicated, although not exhaustively and conclusively, but propositional and instigating, given the recent entry into force and production effects of the federal legislation in question.


Competitive advantage is one of the complex challenges of business firms that require distinct capabilities and resources to achieve and sustain it. Supply chain integration is one of the most critical capabilities which contribute to Competitive advantage according to resource-based theory RBV. Therefore this study tested the direct influence of supply chain integration capabilities on the competitive advantage of Sudanese manufacturing companies and indirect influence by testing market turbulence. Two main hypotheses were developed and tested based on data gathered from a non-probability sample of Sudanese manufacturing companies through a questionnaire sent to (200) companies, where the response rate (85%). The data analyzed by (SPSS) AMOS23. The findings showed that customer integration has a positive influence on quality, while flexibility is not affected by the integration capabilities of supply chain, nevertheless the market turbulence strengthening the positive effect of integration capabilities on flexibility. The study provides managerial and theoretical implications and direction for future research.


The p50 subunit of NF-κB is generated by limited processing of the precursor p105. IκB kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of p105 recruits the SCFβ-TrCP ubiquitin ligase, resulting in rapid ubiquitination and subsequent processing/degradation of p105. NEDD8 is known to activate SCF ligases following modification of their cullin component. Here we show that NEDDylation is required for conjugation and processing of p105 by SCFβ-TrCP following phosphorylation of the molecule. In a crude extract, a dominant negative E2 enzyme, UBC12, inhibits both conjugation and processing of p105, and inhibition is alleviated by an excess of WT- UBC12. In a reconstituted cell-free system, ubiquitination of p105 was stimulated only in the presence of all three components of the NEDD8 pathway, E1, E2, and NEDD8. A Cul-1 mutant that cannot be NEDDylated could not stimulate ubiquitination and processing of p105. Similar findings were observed also in cells. It should be noted that NEDDylation is required only for the stimulated but not for basal processing of p105. Although the mechanisms that underlie processing of p105 are largely obscure, it is clear that NEDDylation and the coordinated activity of SCFβ-TrCP on both p105 and IκBα serve as an important regulatory mechanism controlling NF-κB activity.


This study has been done to designate the profession perceptions of future, working human and distinct differences between editing of composition in the drawings of the girls at risk aged between 10 to 14. This study using qualitative research method has been carried out with 12 girls at risk living in Yenidogan district who were registered with communication information at Federation of People at Difficult Conditions located in Ankara. The model of research is "Case Study". In this research data has been collected by observations, interviews and documents. For the resolution and interpretation of the collected data four experts other than researcher have been consulted to find out different views, different indicators and meanings. And for the analysis of data the support of two experts has been taken. According to results of research; girls are observed to have a limited perception of people working, to have dreams of working some far from reality and some taking a good education to have a nice job. They are observed to have a perception containing concepts like housewife, about the fields those women mostly work. Additionally the professions which the girls want to acquire in the future most are school teaching, which they see around very often, policing; and coaching which is because of the training course they take at Federation of People at Difficult Conditions


Abstract : Efforts concerned the development of photoconductor-electroluminescent (PC-EL) type solid state image intensifier panels for the visible light band and the building of an optical train (bench), incorporating the intensifier panels and the necessary power supplies. Three different and new construction methods were developed in building the low resolution image intensifier panel: (1) Fotoform substrate construction; (2) grooved glass construction with electrodes; (3) sandwich construction. The sandwich construction, after the difficulties were solved, proved to be a superior solution because of its simplicity and inherent higher resolution. Image intensifier panels were built in sizes up to 6 in. x 6 in., with maximum standard luminous gains of 100-ft-L per ft-c, with maximum output brightness of 30 ft-L, and with resolution higher than 100 lines per inch. Regarding the high resolution image intensifier, a major effort was spent in developing an evaporated EL film, indispensable for this construction. Working image intensifiers in this construction were not built. (Author)


We have characterized GaN stripes grown by lateral epitaxial overgrowth on large-area (2 in.) SiO2/GaN/Al2O3 wafers by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition before and after coalescence. Using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM), it is shown that by first obtaining "wings" (laterally overgrown material) with low tilt relative to the "seed" (underlying) GaN, very few extended defects are formed when wings from neighboring stripes coalesce. After wings with a tilt of ∼0.1° are coalesced and an additional ∼10 μm of GaN is grown, it is found with XRD that peak splitting due to tilt is no longer detectable. TEM and AFM results show that few dislocations (with a linear density <4×103 cm−1) are formed at coalescence fronts.


The structure of periodic ferrite with thin's modulation which load on periodic ferroelectric studied. The dispersion characteristics was calculated using the modification of finite element method. It is shown, that when ferroelectric load superimposed on the thickest part of the ferrite then changes of permittivity of ferroelectric load influence to band's gap width. It explains the reasons for the choice of such structure for such effect. The mechanism of the change of bandgap's widh for waves propagating in structure was explained.


What is sexting? Sexting has been defined as the "exchange of sexual messages or images" and "creating, sharing and forwarding sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images" (see report for references). Aim of the study In this study, the researchers listened to young people's views and experiences to gain an understanding of how sexually explicit texts and images are produced, circulated and used through mobile phones and the internet and how these practices shape the offline lives of young people. Methodology The researchers conducted focus groups with 35 young people aged 12 to 14 years from inner city London schools. Participants were asked to become friends with the research team on Facebook so their activities online could be mapped. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 22 of the focus group participants as well as with 4 teachers and 4 school support staff. Key messages The findings reveal that sexting does not refer to a single activity but covers a range of activities experienced by young people. The top messages from the research are: •the primary technology-related threat comes from peers, not 'stranger danger' •sexting is often coercive •girls are the most adversely affected •technology amplifies the problem by facilitating the objectification of girls •sexting reveals wider sexual pressures •ever younger children are affected •sexting practices are culturally specific •more support and resources are vital to redress the gendered sexual pressures on young people. The research also sets out recommendations for schools, parents, internet service and site providers, child welfare professionals and future research.


It describes a method for flip-chip bonding the chip and the substrate. Aligning the chip and the substrate using a thermal compression bonding equipment, and so that the solder bumps on the substrate held on the metal bumps of the chip by applying the bonding strength. Until reaching the reflow temperature of the solder bumps using pulse heaters in the head of the welding device, thereby rapidly heating the chip at a point other than the original side. The bonding force is released when approaching the reflow temperature of the solder bumps. The solder is maintained at a temperature greater than the reflow temperature for a few seconds, to promote the wet and plunge joint of the projecting portion of the metal substrate. It minimizes or eliminates the need for removing the flux interconnection work - after use the no-clean flux having a volatilization temperature less than the melting point of the solder bump. Flip-chip interconnection, no-clean flux, solder bumps, gold bumps


The emerging network technologies such as Intranets and the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web (WWW), will create a new model of computing which I will call Network Computing (NC); others, e.g. Forrester Research Inc. call it Internet Computing with the obvious stress on the Internet. Recent analyses of this emerging market conclude that Network Computing: • Extends and improves client/server technology. • Will be used by companies to build new customer connections. • Will change the structure of the industry and the role of information technology as well as the role of language technology. The focus of my presentation will be multilingual language technology and includes the following aspects: • What is Network Computing? • How Network Computing will emerge. • How Network Computing will change the industry. • What this means to vendors. • Impact on users. I will limit these aspects primarily to network-based translation services, which comprise translation on demand, multilingual communication, multilingual information search and retrieval, as well as customisable translation engines. For details on Dr. Jörg Schütz and the IAI, please refer to Session 5 cover page.


Interaction between chock shield supports, the most popular powered supports in Indian longwall mines, and surrounding coal measure strata is analyzed using finite element models. Thickness and material properties of the main roof, the immediate roof and the coal seam are varied to simulate various geological conditions of Indian coal measure strata. Contact/gap elements are inserted in between the main roof and overburden layer to allow strata separation. Nonlinear material properties are applied with plastic corrections based on Drucker-Prager yield criterion. This paper illustrates effects of lithological variations on shield load, abutment stress, yield zone and longwall face convergence.


Fluorometric assay of malonaldehyde in oxidized oil was investigated. The mixture of 20g of whale oil or rape seed oil and 20ml of n-hexane was prepared. To the mixture was added to 5ml of pH 7.8 phosphate buffered solution (ionic strength, 0.05) and was shaken for 10min at room temperature. The shaken mixture was centrifuged at 4, 000rpm for 20min and was separated the buffered solution extracts from the mixture. A part of the extract was reacted with DL-valine in 50% acetic acid (A), and the other part was added on a polyamide dry column and eluted with water. The eluate was reacted with DL-valine in 50% acetic acid (B). Fluorescence of (A) and (B) were measured at 460nm when samples were excited at 390nm. Malonaldehyde in oil was determined from (fluorescence (A)-fluorescence (B)). Malonaldehyde in rape seed oils was more than 1.9μg/kg.


China's economy has entered a "new normal," transforming from high-speed growth to high-quality development. In the new era, China does not only need to shift its path of development in a timely fa...


The morphological changes in haernatopoietic tissues induced by fractionateu irradiation were studied in 300 mice (Table 1, Exp. 4), subjected to blood examination and killed in groups of 10 on the 4th day after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd fractions respectively. After the last irradiation they were handled similarly at the following points of time: 8 hours, 1,2,4,6,8, 10, 13, 16,20, 24, 28, 35 and 42 days, thereafter monthly from 2 to 12 months, and at 14 and 16 months. 180 unirradiated control animals were sampled and killed in groups of 10 at times corresponding to the 4th day after the 2nd exposure awl 5, 15, 26, 38 and 60 days after the last exposure. Thereafter the controls were sampled at times comparable with the irradiated animals (Table 1, Exp. 5).


This study aims to investigate the teachers' feedback with their students from the point of view of gender and to see whether teacher's feedback is affected by the gender of students. The participants of this study were 120 upper-intermediate (60 female and 60 male) and 12 teachers in EFL conversation classes in different language institutes in Isfahan. Classes were either single-gendered or mixed gendered. In order to conduct this research and answer the research questions, 12 classes were observed and coding procedures to clarify the types of the feedback were employed by the researchers. In addition, patterns of interactions were investigated according to teachers' question types and corrective feedbacks. The results of the study showed that explicit feedback covering a wider range of feedback than implicit ones. Moreover, it was noted that in mixed classes, more feedbacks (both implicit and explicit) were employed. The findings could provide guidance for teachers in the language institutes for employ a fair amount of all the categories included in categorizations of question types, responses and feedbacks.


Summary. As part of a study of the thrombogenic properties of dialysis membranes a test‐cell has been devised in which the retention of platelets in the presence of different membranes can be measured. This provides a test for platelet adhesiveness which in certain aspects is more sensitive and reproducible than a glass bead column technique. The normal range for platelet adhesiveness was found to be 31 ± 9% using whole blood and 19 ± 3% using platelet‐rich plasma. The platelet adhesiveness value was largely independent of the packed red cell volume but was, in part, dependent upon the presence of adenosine diphosphate. The membrane test‐cell system was sensitive enough to demonstrate a constant and significant fall in platelet adhesiveness following salicylate ingestion. It was convenient in use as blood anticoagulated with 3.8% sodium citrate allowed delays of up to 1 hr without influencing the result. Heparin was found to have an inhibitory effect on platelet adhesiveness. The use of twin test‐cells allowed platelet adhesion to two different dialysis membranes to be studied simultaneously. It was found that fewer platelets adhered to Cuprophan PT 150 membranes than to PT 300 membranes suggesting that PT 150 membranes may be less thrombogenic in vivo.


Mental health problems are on the rise among young adults in the U.S. (Kingkade, 2016). At the same time, today's U.S. young adults are significantly more invested than their older counterparts in portraying themselves as "positive" (self-confident, easy-going, and happy; Berenson et al., 2018). Although many have begun to speculate that these two trends may be linked (e.g., Fagan, 2017), little empirical research on this issue exists.


A species of gram-negative, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the genus Pannonibacter that has been isolated from human blood cultures.


COMSOL has been used to model the propagation of electromagnetic waves in fusion plasmas. For the first time, a finite element method has been used to solve the wave propagation for realistic fusion plasma parameters in the lower hybrid and ion cyclotron frequency ranges. Moreover, for lower hybrid waves, a new efficient iterative algorithm has been developed to take into account the dispersive effects of a hot plasma. The advantages of the finite element method approach include a significant reduction of computational requirements compared to full wave spectral methods and a more accurate description of the antenna geometry, while seamlessly handling the plasma region.


An individual's sex affects gene expression and many inflammatory diseases present in a sex‐biased manner. Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are regulators of inflammatory genes, but their role in sex‐specific responses is unclear. Our goal was to evaluate whether GR differentially regulates inflammatory gene expression in male and female mouse liver. Twenty‐five percent of the 251 genes assayed by nanostring analysis were influenced by sex. Of these baseline sexually dimorphic inflammatory genes, 82% was expressed higher in female liver. Pathway analyses defined pattern‐recognition receptors as the most sexually dimorphic pathway. We next exposed male and female mice to the proinflammatory stimulus LPS. Female mice had 177 genes regulated by treatment with LPS, whereas males had 149, with only 66% of LPS‐regulated genes common between the sexes. To determine the contribution of GR to sexually dimorphic inflammatory genes we performed nanostring analysis on liver‐specific GR knockout (LGRKO) mice in the presence or absence of LPS. Comparing LGRKO to GRflox/flox revealed that 36 genes required GR for sexually dimorphic expression, whereas 24 genes became sexually dimorphic in LGRKO. Fifteen percent of LPS‐regulated genes in GRflox/flox were not regulated in male and female LGRKO mice treated with LPS. Thus, GR action is influenced by sex to regulate inflammatory gene expression.—Quinn, M. A., Cidlowski, J. A. Endogenous hepatic glucocorticoid receptor signaling coordinates sex‐biased inflammatory gene expression. FASEB J. 30, 971–982 (2016). www.fasebj.org


High‐frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) reduces the frequency and intensity of focal and focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic epileptic seizures. We investigated the impact of high‐frequency ANT‐DBS on vigilance in epilepsy patients during relaxed and drowsy wakefulness, to better understand the effects and the mechanisms of action of this intervention in humans.


ABSTRACT
 Battery electric vehicles (BEV) are essential in most countries' transition towards an efficient, cleaner and low-carbon transport system. BEV technology has been making rapid progress, but low market uptake poses major challenges for governments and industry. Based on the PRISMA framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), we assessed 94 studies published in the era of BEVs becoming visible market products between 2010 and 2019. The main goal is to understand what we know about attitudes and behaviour of consumers/citizens towards BEVs. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that we know the key facilitators and obstacles in this area, we find that few studies are designed to identify causal effects of facilitators and obstacles, and findings on widely presumed key determinants are surprisingly mixed and context-dependent. We conclude that we still lack robust evidence on the facilitators of BEV uptake and prospective ownership. Moreover, and particularly alarming from a scientific viewpoint, many existing studies cannot be replicated because the respective data is unavailable, neither publicly accessible nor on request. Given the saliency of the issue, the main implication of our assessment is that a concerted, internationally coordinated effort in this area is needed, based on pre-registration of study designs and full accessibility of replication data.