When the car is staring or braking,its mechanical model is built in this paper.By applying some principles of dynamics{cluding methods of kineto statics,theorem of kinetic energy and friction theory,etc.}and theory of machines,this paper analyses the ralation on the car wheels'normal pressure and the car's acceleration.The relation formula of dynamic paremeters and paremeters of mersure is given here.


We derive likelihood ratio tests for the equality of the directional parameters of k bipolar Watson distributions defined on the hypersphere with common concentration parameter. We analyze the power of these tests in the case of two distributions supposing in the alternative hypothesis two directional parameters forming an angle, which varies from 18° to 90°. We also compare the likelihood ratio tests with a high-concentration F-test.


I met Walter Brogan on Nietzsche's birthday in 1987. We were both part of a SPEP book panel devoted to discussing Reiner Schurmann's Heidegger on Being and Acting. John Sallis, whom I had not yet met, was in a book session in the next room. Walter would introduce me to John nine months later, in July, while we were waiting to eat dinner at the Collegium Phaenomenologicum where Nietzsche was the topic. Besides pointing out that good things can come of SPEP book sessions, I mention this to say that meeting Walter Brogan and John Sallis gave birth to two of my most important and enduring friendships. They have been conversation partners and friends for three decades now, and during that time I have been saying thank you to John and Walter over and over. I need to say that again: their responses to my book have helped me understand myself better and have opened key questions. Since both John Sallis and Walter Brogan each raise wide-ranging and complex questions, I will not try to address them seriatim so much as weave the issues they each raise into a more blended response. Their remarks deserve more detailed responses than I can offer here.Let me begin by saying something about the very small impulse for this book that has ambitions larger than I have perhaps made clear. The beginning of this project was a matter of sheer serendipity: by chance, I came across Heidegger's "Notizen zu Klee"1 and I was excited to find Heidegger writing anything about Klee, whose work had long fascinated me, but I was also perplexed by the rather hermetic notes that I read. Those notes are mostly scribbles and fragmentary comments handwritten in Heidegger's own spikey version of Sutterlinschrift. Many of these notes were written, so far as we know, while Heidegger was viewing eighty-eight paintings by Paul Klee in the Gallerie Beyeler outside of Basel, Switzerland. But even though these notes are difficult to understand, it is not difficult to see that Heidegger found something absolutely extraordinary in these paintings, something that he had not seen before. So, I searched for some more comments by Heidegger on Klee and found that although Heidegger makes a few scattered remarks about Klee elsewhere-most notably in the 1958 seminar he ran with Hisamatsu on "Art and Thinking"2-for the most part, his comments on Klee are rather random and not at all systematically developed. And yet they were invariably full of hints of something grand to be found. I also found that strangely Heidegger's sudden excitement about Klee would disappear with the same suddenness with which it emerged and so, only a few years after his initial enthusiastic encounter with Klee, Heidegger would again speak of the "Kunstlosigkeit" of our age and suggest that nothing new was to be learned from modern art forms.3 When I first began to think about Heidegger's remarks on Klee, my curiosity was as much peaked by this disappearance of a concern with Klee as it was by the interest Heidegger took in Klee. As Walter Brogan notes, my intention in Between Word and Image was to pursue the possibilities that Heidegger saw in Klee, but abruptly abandoned.So, I decided to research these few remarks a bit, but when I did this I did not have any sense of the deep rabbit hole I would fall down. I expected to investigate a sort of interlude, an episode, in Heidegger's larger concerns, but it soon became clear that those larger concerns were very much at stake in his remarks on Klee. In fact, it seemed as if these notes were opening up a new avenue into Heidegger, one that I had not quite understood before. This is the point at which larger questions, questions that reached beyond Heidegger's own concerns, emerged and the stakes became far more significant than simply making sense of Heidegger's interest in Klee. This is the point at which the project of Between Word and Image began. John Sallis recognizes how this starting point is even replicated in the title and the cover of the book. …


The preparation and measurement of nano-granular films were introduced.M_I nano-granular films were divided into three regions.The formula of giant magnetoresistance effect was derived from nano-granular films.


Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies using a diamond-anvil cell and an imaging plate reveal that solid bromine begins to undergo a molecular-to-monatomic phase transition near 80 GPa. The structure of the high-pressure phase is found to be body-centered orthorhombic (${D}_{2h}^{25}$-Immm), as previously observed in iodine above 21 GPa. These results on bromine plus the previous data on iodine and iodine monobromide show that the molecular dissociation takes place when the scaled unit-cell volume as v\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}=v/8${r}_{s}^{3}$ in the molecular phase (${r}_{s}$ is the intramolecular bond length in the solid) reaches v${\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}_{c}$=1.29. We also observe universal behavior of the scaled lattice constants versus v\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} in all solid halogens.


During the last two years we have had occasion to accurately draw and enlarge human chromosomes. Both male and female, embryonic and adult, tissues have been studied. In surveying the first or longest chromosomes of the series we were early struck by the greater length of this chromosome in the male. Five independent series of measurements have furnished invariable confirmation of the earlier observations. There are many pitfalls for the investigator who aims a t accuracy and comparable results with the mensuration of chromosomes. Prophase chromosomes are invariably slightly longer than those assembled a t the equatorial plate after dissolution of the nucleus; varying methods of fixation and dehydration shrink tissues unequally; and finally there are differences in the length and size of chromosomes in various cells especially in embryonic cells as compared with adult ones. I t is rather interesting that different types of cells vary somewhat in chromosome length as they undoubtedly do in the size of the cell itself. A striking instance of this is found in the lutein cells in the corpora lutea of the ovary a t the time of pregnancy. The cells are greatly enlarged and the chromosomes have a corresponding increase in size, the length and diameter being approximately two or more times those of the chromosomes of the surrounding cells. For all of these reasons we have sought to compare chromosome lengths only in the same phase of mitosis (late prophase) from the same type of tissue (mesenchyme) in embryos of approximately the same age, fixed and dehydrated by identical processes. Many human embryos of both sexes were explored for our work, but an immediate fixation (at the operating table) with resulting clarity of the chromosomes was secured in only two embryos of approximately the same age; a male of G. L. 19.5 to 20.5 mm and a female of G. L. 25 mm. In both cases we selected ten nuclei of the mesenchyme situated near the ectoderm, displaying clearly all of the forty-eight chromosomes, which were then individually drawn a t 3600 diameters. The original


Abstract Realizing the potential of user‐developed automation software interacting with a treatment planning system (TPS) requires rigorous testing to ensure patient safety and data integrity. We developed an automated test platform to allow comparison of the treatment planning database before and after the execution of a write‐enabled script interacting with a commercial TPS (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) using the vendor‐provided Eclipse Scripting Application Programming Interface (ESAPI). The C#‐application known as Write‐Enable Script Testing Engine (WESTE) serializes the treatment planning objects (Patient, Structure Set, PlanSetup) accessible through ESAPI, and then compares the serialization acquired before and after the execution of the script being tested, documenting identified differences to highlight the changes made to the treatment planning data. The first two uses of WESTE demonstrated that the testing platform could acquire and analyze the data quickly (<4 s per test case) and facilitate the clinical implementation of write‐enabled scripts.


Project Maths is an ambitious reform of Irish, post-primary education. In this paper, a U.S. Fulbright schol- ar reports on her impressions of Project Maths, based on interviews with leaders and teachers, observations in pilot school classrooms, attendance at a teacher workshop, and analyses of materials and textbooks. The paper highlights several aspects the author found particularly impressive, in- cluding the phased, collaborative approach to Project Maths implementation, Irish mathematics teacher engagement, and the impact of the reform on some pilot school teachers. The author also raises questions about the Irish exam system, mathematics textbooks, the clarity of Project Maths' vision, and the challenge of teacher change. The paper concludes with lessons the U.S. could learn from Project Maths' exam- ple of policy development and implementation.


Stress and quantity in the Mid-Vad dialec t of Moksha- Mordvin. In Moksha, methods of experimental phonetics have not been systematically used to study prosody. Fragment ary data available on stress, which were based on durational measurements in Mid-Vad, show that duration might be an important stress cor relate. This article treats the relationship between stress and duration in Mid-Vad by using sets of measurement data. It focuses on vowel durations measured in mono-, di-, and trisyllabic words of di fferent structure, which were read in a frame sentence by two speakers. Vowel durations were found to depend on stress - vowels i n stressed


This study aims to look at the public's awareness on hygiene care practices related to dengue disease in the community in Selangor. The study is based on knowledge, acceptance and action aspects and involves only 9 districts in Selangor and 447 respondents. The survey was conducted randomly on hygiene care practices. Awareness of the importance of these factors is a new challenge to the management of human resources and individuals involved in training management to plan strategies to make the people unhappy with their surroundings. Hopefully through this study, serious attention will be given by the responsible party to improve the practice of awareness among the people in Selangor and across Malaysia in general.


This paper provides an overview of the status of the electricity market in the region, indicating the nexus between electricity consumption with population growth and GDP. It also analyzes the policy portfolio in different countries, indicating some of the in-action policies' effectiveness and recommended alternatives. World Bank datasets were used for the analysis between 2000 and 2014. We found that the MENA region is at an early stage for renewable energy with a high potential for solar energy, making it attractive for investors. However, the high dependency on oil for consumption and exporting might not provide a prosperous environment for renewable technologies to grow. Therefore, a greater focus on decoupling economic growth from energy consumption will have a long-lasting impact on fiscal revenues for net-oil exporting countries. Moreover, the consequences of the decoupling will allow more renewables penetration in the current energy mix enabling many countries to reach their Paris Agreement goals. For short-term energy policy actions, starting a subsidy reform towards the final repeal of subsidies is a must as these measures relate to all end-use sectors and impact fiscal stability in many countries. With its 1.65GW Benban Solar Park in Aswan, Egypt has shown an example of shifting from subsidizing fossil fuel products to commissioning renewable projects to get closer to its Paris Agreement targets.


In this investigation, the heat transfer and flow capabilities of an X-shaped truss array cooling channel under various operating conditions of gas turbine blades were thoroughly studied. The influence laws of the inlet Reynolds number, inlet turbulence intensity, wall heat flux and cooling medium (air, steam) on the heat transfer and flow performance of the X-shaped truss array channel were analyzed and summarized. The empirical correlations of friction coefficients and average Nusselt numbers with maximum deviations less than ± 14% were fitted. The results show that the inlet Reynolds number has the most significant effect on the flow and heat transfer performance of the X-shaped truss array channel. When the inlet Reynolds number increases from 20,000 to 200,000, the average Nusselt number of the X-shaped truss array channel is increased by 3.92 times, the friction coefficient is decreased by 12.88%, and the comprehensive thermal coefficient is decreased by 31.19%. Compared with the medium turbulence intensity of Tu = 5%, the average Nusselt number, friction coefficient and comprehensive thermal coefficient of the X-shaped truss array channel at Tu = 20% are increased by 3.70%, 2.51% and 2.79%, respectively. With the increase in the wall heat flux, the friction coefficient of the X-shaped truss array channel roughly shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the average Nusselt number and the comprehensive thermal coefficient show a trend of first rapidly increasing and then slightly decreasing or remaining unchanged. Compared with air cooling, the average Nusselt numbers of the X-shaped truss array channel of steam cooling are increased by 6.30% to 9.54%, and the corresponding friction coefficients and comprehensive thermal coefficients are decreased by 0.11% to 0.55% and 2.63% to 5.59%, respectively.


Forty eight 20 x 20 m sites were randomly established within the area of distribution of Picea chihuahuana, the objective being to elucidate the structure and composition of the forest. Dasonomic variables, including species frequency, height, DAP (diameter at breast height), overstory cover in m2, as well as such ecological variables as altitude, slope, exposure, depth of organic material, and soil pH, were recorded. Additionally, 10 1 m2 plots of were established within each 400 m2 site, in which the herbaceous plant cover in the understory was recorded in both dry and wet seasons. The vegetation of the study area is composed primarily of units of conifer forests and mixed conifer-oak forests. The associations of widest distribution are those consisting of combinations


We show by temperature‐cycling‐hole‐burning experiments that the conformational barriers of one‐dimensional long chain aggregates of pseudoisocyanine iodide in frozen solutions follow a distribution of the form Pv(V)∼1/V . This is the same distribution as has been measured for three‐dimensional glasses.


In April 1994 a comparative trial of the performance of bitumen emulsion and cutback bitumen as chipsealing binders was constructed. The trial contained bitumen emulsions with 60 percent and 68 percent binder content using a grade 5 chip, and 68 percent binder content with a grade 4 chip. The binder application was varied from -0.3 to +0.3 litres per square metre from the design value. With both chip sizes, a control section using cutback bitumen at the design application was also constructed. After three years of monitoring texture depth, it has been found that there is no obvious difference in performance of the two types of binder. It has been concluded that the Transit New Zealand sealing design methodology is appropriate. (a)


Darwin's On the Origin of Species convinced the western world of the fact of evolution. His theory of natural selection, however, was received more hesitantly. Ignorance of the mechanism of heredity, difficulties with understanding the nature of variation in natural populations, and lack of evidence contributed to formation of the opposition. Arguments concerning the continuous or, alternatively, the discontinuous nature of evolution have permeated the history of controversy in evolutionary theory. (Accepted for publication 5 March 1982)


Objective To analyze the effects and stability of skeletal retrognathic patients treated with Forsus appliance after growth spurt.Methods Seven patients were selected.Lateral cephalographs were taken before the treatment,after the treatment and at follow-up (the mean period between the end of treatment and follow up is 25 months,ranging from 17 to 32 months).Coordinate was established.Parameters related to teeth and jaws were measured.Results The average growth of mandible during Forsus treatment was 6.47 mm.The upper teeth were moved lingually (8.97°for incisors and 3.15° for molars on average).Lower incisors were proclined 3.93°averagely.Mean value of lower molars mesially movement was 3.61 mm.Skeletal effects accounted for 36.68% sagittal changes while dental effects accounted for 63.32%.Vertically,clockwise rotation of maxilla and mandible was noticed and the average change of mandible plane is 1.70°.The average extrusion of lower molars was 3.06 mm.During the follow-up period the only change was the extrusion of lower incisors which was about 0.59 mm on average.Conclusions Forsus appliance induced significantly skeletal and dental changes.The effects remained relatively stable during follow-up.

Key words:
Forsus appliance;  Skeletal retrognathic;  Stability;  Cephalometric


Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories Carnegie Institution of Washington California Institute of Technology » Markings on Venus are notoriously difficult to observe. Although photographs of markings on Venus had been obtained by a few observers, notably W. H. Wright at the Lick Observatory in 1924, F. E. Ross in 1927 seems to have been the first to make systematic daily observations of the planet in ultraviolet light, which clearly revealed day-to-day changes in its atmosphere. After Ross's work, however, no photographic observations of Venus with large telescopes appear to have been made until those of G. P. Kuiper in 1950 at the McDonald Observatory. The scarcity of photographic observations is particularly regrettable inasmuch as Ross's plates of 1927 have been unaccountably lost. After observations of Mars were finished in the summer of 1954, it seemed desirable to use the experience thus gained to photograph the more difficult subject, Venus. Accordingly, plans were made to observe Venus in the morning sky after the inferior conjunction of November 15, 1954. The photographs were to be taken with the motion-picture camera previously used on Jupiter and Mars, which has been described in a previous paper. The film was Eastman Negative Background X, a fine-grain panchromatic emulsion of moderate contrast. Thanks to the prompt action of W. A. Sykes of the Eastman Kodak Company at Rochester, N.Y., a Wratten 18A filter was obtained in time for the first observations in December 1954. This filter is essentially the same as the one Ross used in 1927. It transmits from À 3100 to À 4000, with a flat maximum from À 3550 to À 3700. The details of the observations are given in Table I. Here k is the symbol used in the American Ephemeris for the fraction of the disk illuminated ; i denotes the phase angle at the planet between the sun and earth. Through the 18A filter the exposures at the coudé focus of the 100-inch telescope ranged from 0.3 sec. at the beginning of a run when Venus was near the horizon to


Thinking about the internal communication within organizations is an increasingly present reality. From this perspective, together with the use of digital technologies, we aim in this study to reflect on the workforce, from the use of social network Facebook by employees of the Hospital Sao Vincente de Paulo, Cruz Alta, with a view to finding alternatives to optimize the tool in favor of the effectiveness of internal communication coupled with the goals of the


April 20-23, 2021 Featuring 171 engineering and computer science projects designed by collaborative teams of nearly 900 graduating seniors of the UCF College of Engineering and Computer Science. See videos of all team projects on our Senior Design Virtual Showcase website cecs.ucf.edu/SeniorDesignShowcase/showcase More than 170 UCF alumni judges – who are engineering and computer science professionals – will score the projects on a variety of metrics, provide qualitative feedback to the teams, and decide the best in each discipline and Best in Show. Inside: Interdisciplinary Design Teams: 12 projects Pages 2-3 Computer Science: 50 projects Pages 4-12 Electrical and Computer Engineering : 27 projects Pages 13-17 Industrial Engineering and Management Systems: 17 projects Pages 18-21 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: 65 projects Pages 22-33


The purpose of this study there are three. (1) to describe the structure of poetry by Sapardi Djoko Damono; (2) to describe the diction of Sapardi Djoko Damono's poetry; and (3) to describe the implementation of the result of poetry analysis by Sapardi Djoko Damono as teaching material. This research uses decriptive qualitative method. The study design uses a genetic stylistic approach focused on the theory of diction. The approach is done by analyzing the linguistic system of the literary works as a whole meaning. Data collection is a content analysis document technique, see & record, in-depth interview. In this research triangulation used is the triangulation of source and triangulation theory. Research data are structurally analyzed consisting of themes, feelings, tones, and messages. Research data is analyzed by diction which consist of denotative meaning and connotative meaning. The analysis result of both structurally and diction is developed based on KD. 16.1 class 8 used as teaching materials. KD 16.1 is to write free poems by using the appropriate word choice.


Generation process model of fundamental frequency contours known as Fujisaki's model is ideal to represent global features of prosody. It is a command response model, where the commands have clear relations with linguistic and para/non linguistic information included in the utterance. Therefore, by controlling fundamental frequency contours in the framework of the generation process model, a more flexible control of prosodic features comes possible in speech synthesis. Also, the model can be used to solve the problems of HMM-based speech synthesis, which arise from frame-by-frame treatment of fundamental frequencies. In this paper, two methods for improved control of prosodic features in HMM-based speech synthesis, and one method for flexible fundamental frequency control to realize prosodic focuses in synthetic speech, are presented. All these methods are based on the generation process model.


The attitude angle disturbance of helicopter payload platform can significantly reduce the density distribution and imaging accuracy of laser point cloud measured by airborne LiDAR, so an attitude angle stabilization device is designed to compensate the attitude angle disturbance in real time. In order to eliminate strong coupling effect of the control system of the attitude angle stabilization device, decoupling control based on neural network inverse system is designed. Firstly, the dynamic model of the control system is established; secondly, the neural network inverse dynamic model is built, and a compound control strategy with PID feedback controller and neural network inverse system feed-forward controller is adopted to realize real-time decoupling control and improve the static and dynamic control performance; finally, simulation experiment for the decoupling control is carried out, and results show that the control system has fine static and dynamic performance. The designed compound decoupling control strategy can effectively improve the control accuracy and has excellent anti-jamming robustness against random error disturbance.


Data show that maintaining surgical proficiency results in better outcomes for laparoscopic hysterectomy. The magic number for maintenance: 20 procedures a year.


This study aimed to find out what, how, and why the translation methods became the most dominant in translating English Hymn song in kidung jemaat. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data of this study were 22 songs lyrics by E.L.Pohan. The source of the data was taken from kidung jemaat Hymn song book. The result of this study showed that there are three types of methods used in translating English Hymn song lyrics in to Indonesian language. The most dominant used by the translator is the Adaptation method (68,18%). The adaptation method is the most dominantly used by the translator because it retains the meaning contained in the SL, even though the words are substituted to fit the culture and rythmic calculation of each lyrics word, without altering the original meaning.


imultaneous Multipath Transmission has inherited problem of out-of-order packet reception. This causes receiver buffer (Rbuf) blocking, which degrades the aggregated throughput and restricts the efficiency of fastest path to its slowest companion path. This research proposed SMT-Adaptive Fast Retransmit mechanism that uses fast retransmission threshold, adapts to the size of Rbuf in order to encounter Rbuf blocking problem. In bandwidth and packet loss based disparity scenarios, SMT-AFR achieved the highest aggregated throughput and remained unaffected with respect to various Rbuf sizes. In delay based disparity scenarios, the performance of SMT-AFR affected with a decrease in Rbuf size. Simulation results revealed that SMT-AFR has solved the Rbuf blocking problem in bandwidth and packet loss disparity scenarios. There is a need for the multipath disparity aware scheduler to improve SMT-AFR performance in delay based disparity.


Due to a rapid expansion of most domains in recent times, there is a constant growing need for information. Together with this phenomenon, there has been an explosive growth of the amount of data needed and the corresponding means of data storage. In order to handle these large amounts of data and to realize a fast processing of the information asked for, more and more institutions and organizations have set up automized information processing and have built up their database. Appearing in all kinds of applications such as economical, social, political, medical, and governmental fields, databases have already proven their ability to reduce time and space with respect to the retrieval as well as to the storage of data and information. In many situations we have to deal with data which are given in imprecise form or which are only partially known or even totally unknown. We may expect that the construction of databases which can represent and manipulate fuzzy data will increase the application areas of database systems and improve the interface between men and machines. In this paper we have made a brief survey of the numerous applications of fuzzy set theory on data representation and information retrieval. The importance of fuzzy set theory with respect to information systems is illustrated by means of an already extensive bibliography containing more than 80 papers describing data systems that are somehow "fuzzy." © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Combined with practice,it analyses the forming reason of large bulk of concrete crack,puts forward corresponding control measures to solve large bulk of concrete crack,and points out that concrete crack can be avoided if the design,material and construction measures are controlled.


Chloride ingress into structural concrete is generally considered to be primarily controlled by the properties of the paste function, with the aggregate particles considered to be inert inclusions. Indeed, the key codes of practices for structural concrete make no specific reference to the characteristics of aggregates that may affect chloride ingress. However, a theoretical analysis by Hobbs has recently challenged this accepted view and has demonstrated that if the aggregate had an interconnected porosity then it could be up to 1000 time more permeable than the surrounding paste. Furthermore, the interfacial zone between the aggregate and the past is also an important influence over the movement of chloride ions through concrete. This paper reports on a laboratory-based experimental program that studied the performance of concretes containing different sources of aggregate with a wide range of water absorption. It is determined that there is indeed a significant effect of aggregate permeability over chloride ingress into concrete. These results show that when specifying concrete for exposures to chlorides, more consideration should be given to specifying additional controls on the properties of the aggregate, either directly or indirectly. The current specification approach of minimizing chloride ingress into structural concrete by limitation on the water/cement ratio, is in isolation, therefore inadequate to ensure the long term durability of structures exposed to chloride environments.


India: a geographical summary India is a country in the subcontinent of South Asia in the larger continent of Asia. South Asia is made up of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. India is the dominant country in the subcontinent. India is the world's second most populous country in the world with a rapidly expanding population of well over 1billion people. It is a vast country with many physical features ranging from the Himalayas in the north, to the Ganga valley in the east, to the Thar desert in the west. India has a mainly tropical climate but also has a typical monsoon climate with heavy rain from June to September and dry weather for the rest of the year, the country also has very warm weather for most of the year. India has many large metropolitan conurbations such as the capital Delhi (New Delhi), Kolkata and Mumbai.


The sorting of functional traits along environmental gradients is an important driver of community and landscape scale patterns of functional diversity. However, the significance of environmental factors in driving functional gradients within biomes and across continents remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the relationship of soil nutrients and climate to leaf traits in grasses (Poaceae) that are hypothesized to reflect different strategies of resource use along gradients of resource availability.


ABSTRACT One of the many ironies about the Métis political leader, poet, and mystic Louis Riel (1844–1885) is that the most influential book written about him is not by a Canadian, much less a Métis, but by an American. The popularity among Canadian writers and visual artists of Joseph Kinsey Howard's Strange Empire: A Narrative of the Northwest (1952) is puzzling, since Howard makes little effort to camouflage his support of US expansion into North America's northern plains and north. Equally curious, by the end of his book, Howard disowns Riel and embraces his Saskatchewan commander Gabriel Dumont as the real "prince of the prairies." The most plausible explanation for the appeal of Strange Empire to Canadians is that, by focusing on the Canada-US dimension of the Riel conflicts, even an unapologetic US continentalist like Howard concedes that Canada somehow emerged victorious over its powerful neighbor.


Kom el-Hisn, ancient Imu, lies in the western Nile Delta close to the edge of the desert, and served as the capital of the third nome of Lower Egypt from the New Kingdom onward.

Keywords:

archaeology;
Egyptian history;
urban history


Ge films were made at 5×10−6 Torr by an oblique deposition. Resistivity and its change due to oxygen exposure were measured for different deposition angles. Resistivity anisotropy and its change caused by oxygen exposure were also measured. They increased with the deposition angle. The mass of the film was measured by a microbalance and its density was calculated. The density of the film was less than that of bulk and became smaller with an increase of the deposition angle. These phenomena are explained by the self‐shadowing effect.


Although spending on infrastructure does not, in itself, stimulate the economy, infrastructure investments can contribute to economic growth, since infrastructure is part of the economy's capital stock. Investments in infrastructure can also benefit the economy by alleviating the problems that poor infrastructure causes. The extent to which infrastructure investment contributes to growth, however, depends on the net benefits of the projects chosen. This paper focuses on how to manage and pay for investment in, and maintenance of, transportation infrastructure in a way that maximizes the net benefits from its use and contributes to economic growth. In this regard, we conclude that federal spending is not the best approach. Instead, a better path to making needed infrastructure improvements is to reduce the role of the federal government (including the funding and management of projects) and to increase reliance on state and local governments, user fees, and private firms.


Two hundred twenty-seven patients (184 male and 43 female) with malignant tumors were treated with combined chemotherapy containing adriamycin. All the cases were histologically or cytologically proved with the exception of 23 patients of liver cancer diagnosed by clinical and serological examinations. The patients in this study included 83 cases with malignant lymphoma, 61 small cell lung cancers, 13 non-small cell lung cancers, 27 liver cancers, 9 breast cancers, 9 osteosarcomas, 9 gastric cancers and 11 with other malignant tumors.In the combined chemotherapy protocols, Adriamycin was administered 40-50 mg/m2 intravenously every 2-3 weeks. 216 cases "were evaluable for response. 60 cases achieved CR, (CR rate 27.8%), 80 PR (PR rate 37%), total response rate was 64.8%. Side effects and toxicity were usually mild and reversible. 2 cases (1%) developped congestive heart failure.These data suggested that the adriamycin-containing combination chemotherapy is aneffective, well-tolerated regimens for the treatment of various malignant tumors, wh.ile having appreciable cardiotoxicity.


Targeted parathyroidectomy is a popular technique for localized pathology. No single technique is established as superior. The purpose of this study was to compare robotic‐assisted parathyroidectomy (RAP) with the most common approach.


A strategy for the palladium-catalyzed dehydrative tandem benzylation of 2-morpholinoanilines with benzyl alcohols has been developed. This cascade reaction is devised as a straightforward and efficient synthetic route for N-(1,2-diphenylethyl)-2-morpholinoanilines in moderate to good yields (50–81%). The dehydrative sp3 C–H bond benzylation proceeds chemoselectively at the benzylic position of N-benzyl-2-morpholinoaniline to form a new C(sp3)–C (sp3) bond. KIE experiments show that C–H bond activation is involved in the rate-determining step (KIE = 2.7). A Hammett study of 2-morpholinoanilines gives a negative ρ value, suggesting that there is a build-up of positive charge in the transition state. A "on water" protocol, which affords the corresponding desired products with water as the sole co-product, can be achieved under mild reaction conditions without the need for bases or other additives in an atom-economical process.


The stability of periodic orbits of self-maps on a closed,bounded interval was proven by L.Block in 1981,it means that,for any continuous self-map f on a closed interval I with a periodic orbit of period n,there is a neighborhood U of f in C(I,I) such that for every g∈U and every position integer m with to the right of n in the Sarkovskii ordering,g has a periodic orbit of period m.In this paper,the stability of periodic orbits of self-maps on a generalized sin1x-continuum is obtained.


A method of manufacturing an air bag door having a support and an outer skin and a lying on the latter tissue, in a form between the combination of outer skin and tissue on one hand and the carrier on the other hand injected foam material and after solidification together with the outer skin and tissue, as well as support the air bag door forms, characterized, that on the carrier (2) during its manufacture at least one pocket (17) for receiving foam material (4) and an end portion (18) of the fabric (5) is formed, that prior to injecting foam material (4) in the shape of the end portion (18) of the fabric (5) by support means (19) is set in the pocket (17), and that after solidification of the foam material (4) is removed, each pocket (17) of the carrier (2) together with the then contained foam material (4) and so the it is surrounded end portion (18) of the fabric (5) is exposed.


Abstract : Since 1999, the member states of the European Union (EU) have been pursuing capabilities to conduct conflict prevention and crisis management operations. The EU has no intention of usurping NATO's role in collective defense; but it intends to strengthen its influence in international politics and to acquire more options for crisis management. This thesis analyzes the EU's emerging role in the management of international security challenges and its implications for the future of NATO, the trans-Atlantic link and the EU itself. It explores the nature and scope of the crisis management role the EU intends to play, critically examines the prospects for the development of the requisite military capabilities in the EU, and assesses the impact of the EU's emerging role on NATO. From the standpoint of the United States (and other non-EU NATO Allies, such as Norway and Turkey), close NATO-EU cooperation is imperative. The thesis concludes that the extent to which NATO and the EU coordinate their planning will be a decisive factor in the success of CESDP. The EU's emerging security role is a new test for the strength and resilience of the trans-Atlantic ties given formal expression in NATO.


Summary.  The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and the possible correlation between couples presenting with first‐trimester spontaneous abortions and active Ct infection was assessed. Additionally, the ability of Ct to infect zona‐free hamster oocytes was explored by incubating the oocytes with spermatozoa from infected patients. A total of 961 women and 750 men consulting our reproductive medicine centre were screened for Ct using direct immunofluorescence. The general incidence of Ct infection was 9.4% in females (90 of 961) and 13.9% in males (104 of 750). In women with spontaneous abortions the incidence of Ct was 21.0% (14 of 66) compared with 8.9% (23 of 59) for women without spontaneous abortions and term pregnancies (chi‐square, P < 0.05). When both partners of the couples were considered (one or both partners infected), the incidence rose to 68.8% (22 of 32) (chi‐square, P < 0.001). In vitro studies using electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of Ct on the surface of and inside the oocyte. These results indicate a correlation between an active Ct infection and spontaneous abortion. Electron microscopy studies suggested the possibility of direct oocyte infection by Ct. Two models are proposed for the pathogenesis of Ct‐related early abortions: (i) direct zygote infection, and (ii) immune response to heat shock proteins expressed by the zygote and triggered by previous Ct infections.


Multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies are getting popular these days but less number of switches is also a big challenge because it would be more economical and effective solution. The article consists a reduced switch asymmetrical MLI topology with switched dc sources is presented. This topology produces 13 level output voltage with 8 switches and 3 asymmetrical DC source voltages. MATLAB/Simulink platform is used for simulating the presented asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology.


The occurrence of dicotyledonous weeds has limited the increase of the area of sunflower cultivation in Brazil, due to their impact on crop yield. This is a result of a shortage of products registered for the crop with broad-spectrum control. Thus, two experiments were installed to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of the imidazolinone herbicides applied on post-emergence dicotyledonous weeds in Clearfield? sunflower crop. The experiments were conducted under field conditions at the district of Iguatemi, Maringa-PR, Brazil. Treatments consisted of two controls without herbicide application, one with weeds and the other weed-free, with sulfentrazone (200,00 g ha-1) applied preemergence and imazapic + imazapyr applied post emergence, at doses of [36.75 +12.25] [52.5 +17.5], [12.25 +36.75] [17.5 +52.5] g ha-1. The control of Euphorbia heterophylla, Conyza bonariensis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Bidens pilosa, Ipomoea grandifolia and Portulaca oleracea was evaluated. Evaluation of toxicity of the Clearfield sunflower® was also carried out, besides crop stand and yield in kg ha-1. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of the Clearfield® system proved to be a very good option for areas with dicotyledonous weeds, allowing the application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In addition, the weed controls obtained ranged from fair to excellent, causing no injuries to the crop and maintaining the initial plant stand and yield.


In three information design projects forms to support processes of different kinds were developed for health care organisations. In each case the purpose of the forms was to enable decision-making and communication between groups of people with different expertise. The paper discusses how the contexts in which the projects were carried out influenced, the outcomes developed, and their eventual uptake by the host organisations. It argues for focus both on users and the context of use in the design of even the most everyday documents, since such documents are often required support complex working practices within established organisational systems.


In the allochthonous complexes of NW Iberia, the tectonothermal evolution of the continental terranes bounding the Variscan suture zone records two consecutive events of deep subduction. The Upper Units record an initial high-P/ultra-high-P metamorphic event that occurred at c. 400-390 Ma, while the Basal Units were affected by a second high-P/lowto-intermediate-T metamorphic event dated at c. 370 Ma. Continental subduction affected the most external margin of Gondwana in a context of dextral convergence with Laurussia. Development of the two high-P events alternated with the opening of an ephemeral oceanic basin, probably of pull-apart type, in Early Devonian times. This ephemeral oceanic domain is suggested as the setting for the protoliths of the most common ophiolites involved in the Variscan suture along the belt, dated at c. 395 Ma. Recent Lu-Hf zircon data obtained from these ophiolites indicate interaction between the gabbroic magmas and old continental crust. Hence, the ophiolites could not have originated in a deep ocean basin associated with a mature mid-ocean-ridge or intraoceanic subduction. Current ideas for the assembly of Pangea advocate a single collisional event between Gondwana and Laurussia in Carboniferous times. However, the new evidence from the allochthonous terranes of the Variscan belt suggest a more complex scenario for the assembly of the supercontinent, with an interaction between the colliding continental margins that started earlier and lasted longer than previously considered. Based on modern analogues of continental interaction, the development of complex collisions, as here suggested for Gondwana and Laurussia during the assembly of Pangea, could have been the norm rather than the exception throughout Earth history. (*)email@example.com


Clinical depression has been previously associated with lower birth weight and preterm deliveries. Subclinical depression levels may also influence birth outcomes in at risk populations. This study evaluated the impact of subclinical depression during pregnancy in normal weight versus overweight and obese women and its effects on birth outcomes. Normal weight (N=80) and overweight and obese (N=80) women were evaluated during the first trimester of pregnancy using the Beck Depression Inventory II. Participants were healthy with no known mental health illness and were not taking antidepressant medications. Maternal depression scores were significantly and negatively associated with birth weight and birth length (β=‐0.034, P=0.01 and β=‐0.135, P=0.04, respectively) in overweight and obese mothers but not in normal weight mothers (P>0.05) after adjusting for gestational age, gender and maternal gestational weight gain. Stratified analyses revealed that the association is driven by overweight and obese mothers carrying a female fetus (P<0.05) as compared to overweight and obese mothers carrying a male fetus (P>0.05). This study demonstrates that subclinical depression scores can negatively influence fetal growth especially in overweight and obese mothers carrying a female fetus. Funded by USDA‐ARS CRIS # 6251‐51000‐005‐03S


With the constant improvement of modern enterprise system and the seperation of ownership from management right,the principal-agent problems have rested at the heart of modern enterprise system.Based on the principal-agent theory,this paper applies principals and agents in non-state-owned joint-stock enterprises under the condition of market economy to state-owned enterprises,analyses the present situation and existing problems of principals and agents in state-owned enterprises and puts forward a few operation ideas as to the principal-agent problems of state-owned enterprises so as to provide a reference on the reform and development of our state-owned enterprises.


Currently, there are more than 150 million children in the world known to have a disability [1]. Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as a group of heterogeneous conditions characterized by a delay or disturbance in the acquisition of skills in a variety of developmental domains, including motor, social, language, and cognition with severity ranging from mild to most severe [2]. It is unknown if the child's mental delays are due to his own incapability or a merely lack of tools to help him learn and express himself. These disorders are also known to have an influence on the quality of life in children and may completely change their functional and cognitive abilities and further: life attitude [3]. Physical therapy and occupational therapy efforts in the pediatric population target reshaping of the nervous system, which is capable of reorganization and change through a variety of neural plasticity mechanisms, especially in the developing brain [4].


Using the personnel and transaction data from a large auto dealership in Japan, this paper discusses the value, incentives, assignments, determinants of performance, and learning of managers. We find that: (1) moving one standard deviation up the distribution of manager fixed effects raises a branch's profit by 9.3%; (2) the relationship between managers' branch assignments and their performance is more consistent with tournament theory rather than screening or learning mechanism; (3) better managers are systematically selected to run less profitable branches; and (4) managers with smaller age difference with subordinates and broader experience tend to perform better.


This volume explores recent advances in network research, strengthening theorizing on social structures and meaning in and between organizational networks. The volume will interest researchers seeking to explain organizational phenomena through the analysis of communications and information from archival/secondary electronic sources.


Abstract : The roles and missions of Soviet Naval Aviation appear to be changing as it becomes more powerful. The more dramatic changes are taking place in sea based aviation; the result being the current construction of a large conventional carrier. This thesis will examine these changes and discuss their effects and implications. Chapter one presents an overview of Soviet Naval Aviation (SNA) during the war years, with attention to the events and roles within each of the four fleets. The developments during the latter years of the Stalin era will also be described. Finally, chapter one will also focus on SNA's anti-carrier role; the anti-Polaris/Poseiden role; and other recent developments. Chapter two discusses the background and evolution of the change in naval doctrine which culminated in the construction of the new carrier. Evolution and changes in military doctrine are considered as the rationale for these changes, including command of the sea and fleet defense. Chapter two concludes with discussions of the characteristics of the new carrier and its applications. Land-based aviation, which has traditionally been emphasized over sea based aviation, will be discussed in chapter three beginning with an overview of the advantages of land based aviation as compared to sea based aviation. This chapter will also discuss the missions of land based aviation to include a brief description of the various types and models of aircraft, their primary missions, and their distribution.


BACKGROUND
In the last decade, tuberculosis incidence among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic has been rising. Our aim was to better understand the transmission dynamics of TB in this remote region of Canada using whole genome sequencing.

METHODS
Isolates from patients who had culture positive pulmonary TB disease in Iqaluit, Nunavut between 2009 -2015 underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). The number of transmission events between cases within clusters was calculated using a threshold of ≤ 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) difference between isolates and then combined with detailed epidemiological data using a reproducible novel algorithm. Social network analysis of epidemiological data was used to support the WGS data analysis.

RESULTS
During the study period, 140 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates from 135 cases were sequenced. Four clusters were identified, all from Euro-American lineage. One cluster represented 62% of all the cases that were sequenced over the entire study period. In this cluster, two large chains of transmission were associated with three superspreading events in a homeless shelter. One of the superspreading events was linked to a non-sanctioned gambling house that resulted in further transmission. Shelter to non- shelter transmission was also confirmed. An algorithm developed for the determination of transmission events demonstrated very good reproducibility (kappa score 0.98 (CI 95% 0.97-1.0).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that socioeconomic factors, namely residing in a homeless shelter and spending time in a gambling house, combined with the superspreading event effect may have been significant factors explaining the rise in cases in this predominantly Inuit arctic community.


We present the results of direct numerical simulation of stably stratified open channel flow. The simulation was conducted in a frame of reference moving with the mean flow. The chosen setup allowed us to apply temporal filtering without affecting the long-living large-scale laminar and turbulent patches to see the dynamics of the processes on their boundaries. The main goal of the paper was to investigate the vorticity balance in different parts of the flow. It was shown that boundaries between laminar and turbulent patches contain weak large-scale vortex structures sustained by the baroclinic generation.


It is generally agreed that neural tube defects (NTD) have a multifactorial etiology when genetic factors render the developing fetus susceptible to intrauterine environmental factors acting during the fourth week of gestation to interfere with the orderly closure of the neural tube.1 As there is little likelihood that anything can be done about the genetic background, primary prevention would therefore be dependent on eliminating these factors from the environment or avoiding them. My intention here is to enlarge on some aspects of primary prevention of NTD as outlined by Smithells in an earlier issue (Pediatrics 69:498, 1982).2 One environmental factor, poor maternal nutrition and, more particularly, folic acid deficiency seems now to have been identified, but there are almost certainly a number of others.


Judith Harries suggests ways to involve children in practical strategies to recognise their own names and the names of other children, which are particularly useful as a new group joins the setting.


Ben Bellows, Alex Hreiz, Tim Lieuwen School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0150 Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction This paper describes an ongoing investigation into the nonlinear interactions between natural acoustic modes and driven oscillations in a lean, premixed swirl stabilized combustor. This work is motivated by the fact that combustion instabilities continue to hinder gas turbine combustor development and operation 1-5 . These instabilities occur when the unsteady combustion process couples with one or more of the combustor's acoustic modes, resulting in self-excited oscillations. The objective of this work is to improve the understanding of the nonlinear dynamics associated with these oscillations. Improved understanding of the nonlinear combustion process is needed to further development of methods to predict limit cycle amplitudes. In addition to improved understanding of nonlinear combustor dynamics, this work also has implications on active instability control 6 . In many cases, active control is implemented by closed loop control of fuel flow oscillations that are out of phase with the instability. However, the use of open loop, non-resonant frequency, forcing has also been demonstrated by many researchers 7-11 . The present study provides some insight into the underlying combustor processes which impact the effectiveness of these open loop control strategies. This work is motivated by a previous study focusing on the nonlinear flame transfer function between driven pressure oscillations and heat release fluctuations in a high-pressure, gas turbine combustor simulator. During these tests, nonlinear interactions between a natural combustor mode and those due to acoustic forcing were observed. Specifically, the amplitude of the unstable mode monotonically decreased, before it disappeared completely, with increases in amplitude of the driven mode. This behavior was attributed to frequency-locking, a well-known nonlinear oscillator phenomenon. Frequency locking is due to nonlinear interactions between oscillations that are closely spaced in frequency. It is manifested as a decrease in amplitude of the self-excited or natural mode oscillations as the amplitude of the driven oscillations increases. Lieuwen & Neumeier 12 performed a limited investigation of the effect of forcing frequency upon this frequency locking phenomenon by considering two forcing frequencies. Their data did not indicate a significant change in the entrainment amplitude at the two driving frequencies. This was contrary to expectation, however, as we had anticipated the entrainment amplitude to be proportional to the frequency spacing between the forced and self-excited frequency. These considerations motivated this study, which more systematically investigates these frequency spacing effects on entrainment amplitude.


A novel fluorescent Hg(2+) sensor was developed based on the T-Hg(2+)-T structure and a thioflavine T monomer-excimer fluorescent switch. Under optimum conditions, the selectivity is remarkably high, and Hg(2+) can be quantified over the dynamic range of 0.1 to 1.2 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~20 nM and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.995.


Europe spends more on brain disorders than on cardiovascular disease and cancer combined, a comprehensive study commissioned by the European Brain Council has found.

The study, published in European Neuropsychopharmacology (doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008), found that Europe spends €798bn (£685bn; $1060bn) a year on neurological and psychiatric conditions, €192bn on cardiovascular disease, and €150-250bn on cancer. The total costs comprised direct costs, such as treatment, and indirect costs, such as the cost of sickness absence.

The most costly group of brain disorders was mood disorders, including major depression and bipolar disorders (€113bn a year) and dementia (€105bn).

The researchers, who came from across Europe, used existing prevalence and economic data to estimate the costs of 19 groups of brain disorders in 30 European countries …


Field pea has been shown to benefit from the use of rhizobium inoculation and seed-applied fungicides under intensive production. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of seed- or soil-applied rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) inoculants and seed-applied fungicides on field pea (Pisum sativum "Carneval") production on fields with no previous history of the crop. The study was conducted at seven locations in Saskatchewan in each of 2 yr. Fungicide treatments were Apron FL (metalaxyl), Apron FL + Thiram 75WP (dithiocarbamate) and an untreated check in 1997 and a fourth treatment, Thiram 75WP, was added in 1998. Rhizobium treatments were seed-applied liquid inoculant, soil-applied granular inoculant and a non-inoculated check. Inoculation with rhizobium increased nodulation (5 of 10 sites), seed yield (6 of 13 sites), and protein content (3 of 8 sites), but occasionally appeared to reduce emergence (3 of 14 sites). Granular inoculant had more beneficial effects than the liqu...


Since the outbreak of the world-wide novel coronavirus pandemic, crowd counting in public areas, such as in shopping centers and in commercial streets, has gained popularity among public health administrations for preventing the crowds from gathering. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive method for crowd counting based on Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI) by using common commercial wireless routers. Compared with previous researches on device-free crowd counting, our proposed method is more adaptive to the change of environment and can achieve high accuracy of crowd count estimation. Because the distance between access point (AP) and monitor point (MP) is typically non-fixed in real-world applications, the strength of received signals varies and makes the traditional amplitude-related models to perform poorly in different environments. In order to achieve adaptivity of the crowd count estimation model, we used convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to extract features from correlation coefficient matrix of subcarriers which are insensitive to the change of received signal strength. We conducted experiments in university classroom settings and our model achieved an overall accuracy of 97.79% in estimating a variable number of participants. © 2022 CRL Publishing. All rights reserved.


Dynamic response of strip footings resting on a soil medium, idealized as an elastic halfspace, is obtained using the finite element discretization technique with constant strain rectangular elements consisting of 4CST elements. Boundary stresses have been computed using a combination of Rayleigh wave absorbing boundaries (RAB) and standard vicous boundaries (SVB). The influences of contact pressure distributions at the footing—soil interface, mass and frequency ratios on the dynamic response of a strip footing are studied. Effects of embedment, static surcharge, nonhomogeneity and nonlinear constitutive relations are shown. Results are compared with the existing solution and are presented graphically.


Introduction. This study is a comparative evaluation of the TVT, TOT, and our own modification of TOT (mTOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence from a single center experience. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 527 patients with SUI diagnosed on the basis of urodynamic studies. They were divided into three groups—TVT: n = 142, (TOT): n = 129, and mTOT: n = 256. All of the patients underwent evaluation at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results were statistically analysed and compared. Results. Objective and subjective effectiveness after the surgery were not significantly different in the study groups and ranged from 90.1% to 96.4%. Mean surgery time was 32.3, 28.2, and 26.4 in the TVT, TOT, and mTOT, respectively. Mean hospitalization time was 2.51 days. Mean catheter maintenance time was significantly higher in the TVT than in other groups. In the TVT group total incidence of complications was 13.4%, and it was significantly higher than that in TOT and mTOT (9.3% and 8.6%, resp.). Conclusions. TVT, TOT, and mTOT are highly effective and safe methods in the treatment of SUI. There are no differences in the efficacy between the methods with a little higher percentage of complications in the TVT group.


By exploring the other side of what is prescriptively understood as proper Asian gastronomy, Robert Ji-Song Ku suggests that Asian cultural expressions occurring in places such as Los Angeles, Honolulu, New York City, and even Baton Rouge are no less critical to understanding the meaning of Asian food - and, by extension, Asian people - than culinary expressions that took place in Tokyo, Seoul, and Shanghai centuries ago. In critically considering the impure and hybridized with serious and oft en whimsical intent, Dubious Gastronomy argues that while the notion of cultural authenticity is troubled, troubling, and troublesome, the apocryphal is not necessarily a bad thing: The dubious can be and is oft en quite delicious.


The protection of Fujian traditional music of intangible cultural heritage has become increasingly urgent. In this regard, the analysis of Fujian traditional music of intangible cultural heritage issues is the foundation. Standardized method was used to solve these problems, and this is important to protect Fujian traditional music of intangible cultural heritage. Related theories have proved that "fence-style" non-left standardization model could effectively protect the heritage and intangible cultural heritage. Finally, based on the intangible cultural heritage standardized system and the "Circle-axis" space layout standardization system, the traditional music of intangible cultural heritage expects specific outlook of the protection standards.


The methodology and processes used to select and design robotic equipment for use in a Canadian Used (Nuclear) Fuel Packing Plant (UFPP) are presented. The application of these methods is illustrated using, as an example, the selection and design of equipment for a Laser Welding Cell. The analysis indicates that both robots and manipulators are expected to be used in the Canadian UFPP. The described conceptual designs illustrate how nuclear safety considerations may influence the plant layout and configuration as well as robot/manipulator selection. The UFPP design will incorporate redundancy of all equipment to allow expedient recovery from any postulated upset conditions. Overall, the evaluation suggests that robot usage will have a significant positive impact on nuclear safety, quality, productivity and reliability.


Though injuries of the child during labor are not frequent, probably they are much less rare than commonly believed. In many instances they are recognized immediately after delivery, and they may spontaneously disappear, and in some their consequences are attributed to erroneous causes. Some of these lesions may happen in spontaneous labor, and others in artificial, whether the interference be manual or instrumental. It is impossible to classify them according to their causes, and apparently the most satisfactory division is one resting upon the regions or parts affected. Hence, in the paper now presented, injuries to the fœtus in labor will be divided into those involving the head and neck, those of the trunk, and finally, those of the extremities. Injuries of the Head and Neck. —Contused wounds of the scalp and of the face, and incised, punctured, and lacerated wounds of the former are met with. So far as contused


One role of applied ethics is to reach consensus moral opinions by communications to support laws and public policies. But applied ethics has its other roles. It is not the task of applied ethics to set up the procedure of communication. To criticize the reality and fashion is the more important task for applied ethics. And applied ethics cannot be neutral to different philosophies. Philosophers ,who think that the sole role of applied ethics is to get consensus moral opinions, presuppose relativism about morality, but relativism is self-defeating.


This paper mainly introduces the application of DSP/BIOS in software design of virtual terminal which is used in tractor.According to the requirement of functions of virtual terminal,the hardware system of virtual terminal controller is designed.The means of building configuration files of DSP/BIOS is researched,including settings of parameters and configurations of modules.The constructions and design flow of virtual terminal's software are also introduced.The manipulated capability and stability of virtual terminal are improved by using the real time operating system.


For Hannah Arendt, spontaneous, 'initiatory' human action and interaction are suppressed by the normalizing pressures of society once 'life' - that is, sheer life - becomes the primary concern of politics, as it does, she finds, in the modern age. Arendt's concept of the social is indebted to Martin Heidegger's analysis of everyday Dasein in Being and Time, and contemporary political philosophers inspired by Heidegger, such as Jean-Luc Nancy, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, and Giorgio Agamben, tend to reproduce her account of the withdrawal of the political in modernity. In this article, I complicate Arendt's theory by turning to Michel Foucault's parallel but diverging understanding of the nature of power in modern society to show, surprisingly, that Foucault's narrative of the emergence of modern power pictures a society that is more, not less, politicized.


The purpose of this thesis is two-fold: first, to study the current requirements for the baccalaureate degree in industrial arts in eight state-supported institutions; and second, to compare the recommendations of the members of the North Texas Industrial Arts Association with the existing programs in industrial arts in the state-supported institutions to determine what should constitute an adequate program for the prospective teacher in industrial arts.


We present some results on stability of linear time-varying systems with particular structures. Such systems appear in diverse problems, which include the analysis of adaptive systems, persistently-excited observers and consensus of systems interconnected through time-varying links. The originality of our statements rely in the fact that we provide smooth strict Lyapunov functions hence, our proofs are constructive and direct. Moreover, we establish uniform global exponential stability with explicit stability and decay estimates. For illustration, we address a brief but representative case-study of consensus of Lagrangian systems interconnected through unreliable links.


We formulate a resolution of singularities algorithm for analyzing the zero sets of
real-analytic functions in dimensions $\geq 3$. Rather than using the celebrated result
of Hironaka, the algorithm is modeled on a more explicit and elementary approach used
in the contemporary algebraic geometry literature. As an application, we define a new
notion of the height of real-analytic functions, compute the critical integrability
index, and obtain sharp growth rate of sublevel sets. This also leads to a
characterization of the oscillation index of scalar oscillatory integrals
with real-analytic phases in all dimensions.


A theoretical model of the relationship between Chinese "guanxi"and customer price tolerance,and of the moderating effect of "guanxi"on relationship between customer loyalty and customer price tolerance was built.And then the model was tested with the structural equation model and by the method of hierarchical regression analysis.The empirical results show that customer loyalty and"guanxi"have significant negative influence on customer price tolerance,and that"renqing"has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between customer loyalty and customer price tolerance.


Language is continuously changing. Words change their meaning over time and this process is known as semantic change. Change can occur both in the literal meaning and in the pragmatic use of words. In this research, semantic change is studied from a different perspective. Words that go through rapid semantic changes are the focus of this study. Users of English as a second language are also the focus of this study. The study observes whether these users are able to keep up with semantic change. It also gives us an idea regarding how much the users know about the multiple meanings of the same words. Another aspect of this study is to find out whether semantic change affects the comprehension of literature containing the words which went through semantic change. This research was conducted through a close-ended questionnaire designed by selecting fifteen words which changed their meaning over time. The respondents were fifty in number and were all females who had different educational backgrounds. The results were analyzed through pie charts. The results showed that the majority of ESL learners are able to keep up with semantic change, although a significant proportion is still struggling to understand the process. The results also showed that the learners of English as a second language have little knowledge of the previous meanings of words. If a word which has changed its meaning over time occurs in any literary work, ESL learners are not able to comprehend its meaning as it is intended to be understood. This can be considered as a negative attribute of semantic change. So, it was concluded that ESL learners are able to keep up with the change but most of them are unable to comprehend literature as it is intended to be understood.


Although small in mass, microbial biomass is among the most labile pools of organic matter and thus serves as an important reservoir of plant nutrients such as N and P. Microbial biomass is a sensitive indicator of change resulting from agronomic practices and other perturbations of the soil ecosystem. Its size and activity is directly related to the amount and quality of carbon and other nutrients available from plant residues, organic amendments and root exudates (Wang and Klassen, 2007). Other factors influencing microbial communities are soil moisture and temperature and physical disturbance of the soil. Application of dairy-feedlot manure as a supplementary source, have been shown to maintain or increase soil carbon and microbial biomass improving soil quality than that achieved with chemical fertilization (Mandal et al., 2006). However, information on the effects of dairy-feedlot manure, as an alternative source, on soil biological properties during active crop growth stages and its relationship with seed yield is sparse. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the impact of short-term application of combined mineral fertilizer and farm yard manure compared to single applications of each on soil biological traits during two critical stages of canola growth and their relationships with crop yield in a temperate agro-ecosystem.


This article describes the calculation of capture cross sections and gamma-ray spectra for the neutron-induced reactions with /sup 181/Ta and /sup 197/Au using the level density parameters derived from a new low-lying level fitting method in which the constant temperature partial level density formula and the spin-selected level cumulation were used. The gamma-ray profile functions, of the Brink-Axel type with an anomalous bump, were employed for both nuclei. The capture cross sections, spectra, and gamma-ray strength functions obtained in this calculation agree well with the experimental ones.


Time is a pervasive dimension of reality as everything evolves as time elapses. Therefore, Web-based information systems and knowledge representation tools at least mirror, and often have to capture, the time-varying and evolutionary nature of the phenomena they model and of the activities they support. This aspect has been acknowledged and long studied in the field of temporal databases [Jensen and Snodgrass 2009] but it truly applies also to the World Wide Web and Semantic Web in particular. Several papers addressing, in an explicit or implicit way, the representation and management of time and evolution in the Semantic Web appeared recently and, on some aspects, showed a clear upward trend in last years, witnessing a sustained and/or growing research interest. Reflecting and acknowledging such interest, we started in 2011 to collect references concerning the handling of time and evolution issues in Semantic Web research. As it was for [Grandi 2003], the purpose of this collection was to compile a bibliography which could be of help, in particular, to students and young researchers. As a result of such almost endless work, we wrote an annotated bibliography [Grandi 2012], whose latest version is available on the Web at URL:


We study quantum dynamical properties of a spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential. Adopting a mean field theory and single spatial mode approximation, we characterize our model system as two coupled spins. For certain initial states, we find full magnetization oscillations between wells not accompanied by mass (or atom numbers) exchange. We identify dynamic regimes of collective spin variables arising from nonlinear self-interactions that are different from the usual Josephson oscillations. We also discuss magnetization beats and incomplete oscillations of collective spin variables other than the magnetization. Our study points to an alternative approach to observe coherent tunnelling of a condensate through a (spatial) potential barrier.


According to the status of auto industry in our country,an automatic recognition of drawing with computer is discussed and studied.Through an experiment of computer software simulation,in line with good knowledge of pre-set rules for the case plan,based on drawings in the preparation of a program to judge the wiring harness,screen out and merge the needed wiring harness in specie,ultimately to complete recognition of wiring harness length and classification.This new identification method has great innovation compared with traditional method,greatly improves the productivity of the automotive industry in China,reduces the operation error rate and brings direct benefits for the production.


This paper is concerned with a new time-domain adaptive predistortion scheme for compensating nonlinearity of high power amplifiers (HPA). A Hammerstein model is adopted to approximate expression of the input-output nonlinear distortion of HPA by using complex polynomial series followed by linear dynamical distortion. According to the Hammerstein model structure, the compensation input to HPA is calculated in a real-time manner so that the linearization from the predistorter input to the HPA output can be attained even if the nonlinear input-output relation of HPA is uncertain and changeable. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme is validated in numerical simulations.


The purpose of this study was to use statistical techniques to characterise bio-composites made from sisal fibres and bio-resin from raw banana peel. The fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide, combined with a bio-resin made from banana peel, and then a bio-composite material was developed. The effect of the fibre volume fraction, glycerine and bio-resin mass on the bio-composite's tensile and compressive properties was investigated using universal rotatable design and multiple regression. The paired T-test conducted exhibited a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the treated fibres. Sisal bio-composite showed a tensile strength of 5.2 MPa with an adjusted R2 value of 0.91, Young's modulus of 11.99 MPa (adjusted R2 of 0.92), percentage elongation of 1.77% (adjusted R2 of 0.95), and compressive strength of 2.94 MPa (adjusted R2 of 0.90). The bio-composite could be compared to a commercial composite and solid wood boards, and hence it is an alternative to non-renewable, non-biodegradable petroleum and solid wood products for partition, ceiling and notice board applications.


Data traffic in cellular networks has dramatically surged in recent years due to the booming growth of various mobile applications. It is hence crucial to increase network capacity to accommodate new applications and services. In this article, we propose a promising concept of cooperative device-to-device communication to improve resource utilization in cellular networks. Based on a novel fine-grained resource allocation scheme, we study the problem of maximizing the minimum rate among multiple wireless links by jointly considering relay assignment, transmission scheduling, and channel allocation. Simulation results show that our proposed solutions can significantly increase resource utilization in cellular networks.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the intertwining of productivity, quality and innovation in the service domain and, based on that discussion, propose and examine the implications of a service productivity framework that incorporates not only the company's perspective (as is done traditionally) but also the customer's perspective and a typology for classifying service innovations on the basis of their potential impact on productivity from the company's and the customer's perspectives.Design/methodology/approach – The service productivity framework and service innovation typology are developed by synthesizing – and extending – concepts and insights from the relevant literature pertaining to productivity, quality and innovation.Findings – Analysis and discussion of the proposed frameworks lead to the overarching conclusion that strategies to improve service productivity, enhance service quality or implement service innovations, are likely to be suboptimal if pursued in isolation. As such, i...


In this paper, we studied a Halpern-type iteration algorithm involving pseudo-contractive mappings for solving some variational inequality in a q-uniformly smooth Banach space. We show the studied algorithm has strong convergence under some mild conditions. Our result extends and improves many results in the literature. c ⃝2015 All rights reserved.


In the medical field accuracy plays an important role as it concerns with the life of an individual. Using machine learning techniques various research has been done to predict and classify diseases. Any have we are not able to detect which classifier produce best result. Also, there is a difference in the ratio of classes due to imbalanced data. We often face these types of data analysis in real life easily. In this research work the imbalanced data classification problem could be addressed in a systematic way by applying enhanced stacking with cuckoo optimization which helps to accelerates the performance of learning algorithms. Also, in this research work we propose a diagnosis system to classify heart disease using cuckoo search optimization to reduce feature with modified stacking also fuzzy logic system is used to predict the heart disease. We prove that ensemble classifier is more accurate than any single component classifiers. Initially the data collected are imbalanced. We balance the data and make it better prediction. To predict Ischemic Heart Disease in more accurate we propose a new ensemble heterogeneous classifier construction process with modified stacking to engender domain-specific configurations. We consider both the field ensemble learning and distributed data mining to create an efficient and enhanced version of the standard stacking ensemble learning techniques by using fuzzy logic and cuckoo optimization creating the meta classifier. The experimental result shows that enhanced stacking with cuckoo optimization outperforms the existing


We present a human cardiac optical coherence tomography atlas. The atlas enables characterization of key features of the human endomyocardial anatomy, which could be used to identify substrates for guidance of intracardiac procedures.


Received: 15 August 2012 First Revision: 17 Sepetember 2012 Accepted: 22 October 2012 Mohammad Nasehi1,*, Vahid Sabouri Khanghah1, Sepideh Mirzaei Varzeghani1, Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast 2,3,4,5 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran. 2. Department of Pharmacology and Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundemental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran. 4. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.


Langley (1900) originally suggested that the postganglionic sympathetic nerves which innervate the cat nictitating membrane are derived from cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion. This contention was supported by Thompson (1961) who demonstrated that sympathetic nerves are conveyed from the ganglion by the carotid nerve and thence via orbital branches of the trigeminal nerve to the inferior and medial nictitating muscles. Investigating the nature of the autonomic innervation of the nictitating membrane, Gardiner, Hellman & Thompson (1962) described a plentiful supply of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves to the Harderian gland but a very sparse distribution of the same type of fibres within the nictitating muscles. More recently Jacobowitz & Koelle (1965) have demonstrated the presence of catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase in relation to nerves within cat nictitating muscle. Because none of these previous investigations on the innervation of the nictitating membrane was conducted at a fine structural level we have investigated the distribution of adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in relation to the cat nictitating muscle by both light and electron microscopy, with a view to testing further the important hypothesis of Burn & Rand (1959) that adrenergic nerves contain a cholinergic mechanism which is functionally related to the release of noradrenaline.


Crystalline zinc oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) at 60°C and 80°C. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show that the ZnO nanoparticles of diameters ranging from 15–33 nm and 25–43 nm long are formed. Aspect ratio is observed to range from 1.18 to 1.74 at 60°C and 1.22 to 1.70 at 80°C as the HMT to zinc nitrate concentration ratio increases from 10 to 150. Nanoparticle size decreases as the concentration of HMT increases. Much larger ZnO particles are formed with ammonium hydroxide as a hydrolysis agent without HMT. In summary, HMT is an ammonium-hydroxide source in the reaction, a surfactant for retaining nanosize, and not necessarily a template for ZnO nucleation.


Objectives Determine the effect of twice-daily chlorhexidine oral rinses on oral and lung microbiota biomass and respiratory symptoms. Setting Single centre. Participants Participants were aged 40–85 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic productive cough or COPD exacerbation within the last year. Exclusions included antibiotics in the previous 2 months and/or those with less than four teeth. Forty-four participants were recruited and 40 completed the study. Intervention Participants were randomised 1:1 to twice-daily 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinses versus placebo for 2 months along with daily diaries. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), blood tests, oral rinse and induced sputum were collected at randomisation and the final visit. Primary and secondary outcomes Primary outcome was a change in oral and sputum microbiota biomass. Secondary outcomes included: sputum and oral microbiota Shannon and Simpson diversity and taxonomy; inflammatory markers; Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale and SGRQ scores. Results Neither the oral microbiota nor the sputum microbiota biomass decreased significantly in those using chlorhexidine compared with placebo (oral microbiota mean log10 difference (SE)=−0.103 (0.23), 95% CI −0.59 to 0.38, p=0.665; sputum microbiota 0.80 (0.46), 95% CI −0.15 to 1.75, p=0.096). Chlorhexidine decreased both oral and sputum microbiota alpha (Shannon) diversity (linear regression estimate (SE) oral: −0.349 (0.091), p=0.001; sputum −0.622 (0.169), p=0.001). Chlorhexidine use did not decrease systemic inflammatory markers compared with placebo (C reactive protein (chlorhexidine 1.8±7.5 vs placebo 0.4±6.8, p=0.467), fibrinogen (22.5±77.8 vs 10.0±77.0, p=0.406) or leucocytes (0.2±1.8 vs 0.5±1.8, p=0.560)). Chlorhexidine use decreased SGRQ scores compared with placebo (chlorhexidine −4.7±8.0 vs placebo 1.7±8.9, p=0.032). Conclusions We did not detect a significant difference in microbiota biomass due to chlorhexidine use. Chlorhexidine decreased oral and sputum microbiota alpha diversity and improved respiratory health-related quality of life compared with placebo. Trial registration NCT02252588.


Submitted for the DFD14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Experimental Configuration Effects on ICE Tumble Flow Evaluation1 BRYAN SANTANA, Universidad del Turabo, PAULIUS PUZINAUSKAS, University of Alabama — The generation of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) in-cylinder charge motions, such as swirl and tumble, have shown positive effects on reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emission levels at partial engine loads. Tumble flow is commonly measured utilizing a steady-flow rig and two-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) systems, among others. In order to optimize the tumble flow, it is important to retrieve accurate measurements. The tumble flow values could be affected by variations in the geometry and/or design of the steady-flow rig utilized during flow tests. In this research, a four-valve per cylinder head was tested on a steady flow bench, varying several aspects of the configuration to evaluate how they influence bulk momentum as well as PIV measurements. The configuration variations included symmetrical, asymmetrical and runner-fed configurations throughout testing. Volumetric flow rate and tumble strength flow measurements were retrieved at the selected L/D ratios. Additionally, several PIV seeding particles were characterized for size and shape. Corresponding PIV flow measurements using each type of seeding were made to evaluate how the particles influence the results. 1NSF ECE Grant #1358991 supported Bryan Santana Rivera as an REU student. Amy Lang University of Alabama Date submitted: 28 Jul 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is most commonly idiopathic in origin, but it may be congenital or secondary to  neuromuscular disease, trauma, infection or neoplasm.  Aim: Aims of surgery is to correct the curvature, improve posture and reduce progression of  respiratory dysfunction.Objectives: Perioperative challenges for anaesthetist in scoliotic surgery are to avoid hypothermia,  hemodynamic stability, spinal cord monitoring, positioning, induced hypotension, major  blood loss, postoperative pain management and intensive care management of patient. Material and method: After taking parenteral consent, 15 paediatric patient's data were collected who underwent  scoliotic correction surgery over 12 days from 1st to 12th January of 2019.  Result:Children underwent posterior fusion scoliosis surgery aged (11.2 ± 2.3) years. surgical  duration and blood loss were (7.5 ±1.5) hours, (856 ±235) ml respectively. patients were  shifted to ICU because of prolonged procedure and major fluid shift. Conclusion:  Cardio-respiratory dysfunction may exist as a result of progressive scoliosis or related to  coexisting disease, therefore careful preoperative assessment is required. Intraoperative considerations include the prone position, avoiding hypothermia, minimizing  blood loss and monitoring spinal cord function. Good postoperative pain control is essential and requires a multimodal approach.


: Fruit is an important component in the diet of many lizards, but their role as seed dispersers is often overlooked. Seed retention time and animal movement determine how far a fleshy fruited seed will be dispersed from the parent plant. Seed retention times were investigated in 78 captive Hoplodactylus duvaucelii (Duvaucel's geckos). Geckos were offered fruits from 10 plant species. Fifty-one geckos consumed fruits and the mean seed retention time was 69 hours (range 31 to 145 hours). There was no difference between the mean seed retention in adult males and females, but juvenile geckos had significantly shorter mean seed retention times. There was no relationship between seed retention time and body mass in adult geckos. Based on their seed retention times, we suggest Duvaucel's geckos and other native lizards with body mass ≥ 14 g could disperse seeds over 10 m away from the parent plant.


The classical nucleation theory of homogeneous freezing along with a thermodynamic model of aqueous HNO3 is used to calculate the critical temperatures and compositions at which ice crystals will nucleate from an aqueous HNO3 droplet. Assuming that stratospheric aerosols are composed of aqueous HNO3 near the ice frost point, we show that ice particle formation in the stratosphere can only occur if the air mass is cooled to about 2 to 3 K below the equilibrium condensation point of ice. A simple function is given for predicting the nucleation temperature of ice particle formation in the stratosphere from the ambient water vapor concentration. Microphysical calculations show that only fast cooling rates (> 500 K day−1) encountered in cold lee waves are rapid enough for nucleating the majority of the background aerosols into ice particles. The likelihood that ice crystals formed in lee waves may result in the subsequent crystallization of HNO3 in the droplets is discussed. The barrier to ice formation by heterogeneous gas phase nucleation is compared to that of homogeneous freezing nucleation.


Groundwater contamination due to heavy metals and inorganic contaminants is a growing concern worldwide. Exposure to toxic elements such as arsenic, chromium, copper, cadmium, fluoride, and nitrate can pose significant...


This paper reviews our recent work on molecular interactions on epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on 6H-SiC(0001). A major challenge in graphene-based devices is opening the energy band gap and doping. Molecular functionalization of graphene is one approach to modifying its electronic properties. Such surface transfer doping relies on charge separation at interfaces, and represents a valuable tool for the controlled and non-destructive doping of graphene, thereby facilitating the development of hybrid organic-graphene nanoelectronics. We have also demonstrated molecular self-assembly of bimolecular systems on EG and graphite.


. The solar reflectance and thermal emittance of uninsulated scale model buildings in Beijing were measured in the laboratory and the actual outdoor environment. The solar reflectance index (SRI), roof surface temperature and energy savings were estimated using DOE roof saving calculator. The roof albedo measured in the field tests is independent of the inverted pyranometer height. A 0.493 increase in solar reflectance (laboratory measurements) yields SRI increase by 67.5, roof surface temperature reduction by 25.5 °C, annual peak demand reduction by 0.1 kWm -2 yr -1 , and annual net energy savings by 6.8 kWhm -2 yr -1 , while a 0.459 increase in roof albedo (laboratory measurements) generates SRI increase by 62.3, roof surface temperature reduction by 23.5 °C, annual peak demand reduction by 0.1 kWm -2 yr -1 , and annual net energy savings by 6.4 kWhm -2 yr -1 . At the city scale, these savings would reduce emissions from China's power plants by 60 kton CO 2 , 1.1 kton NOx, 2.1 kton SO 2 and 19.4 kton carbon dust for the laboratory tests and by 56.6 kton CO 2 , 1.0 kton NOx, 2.0 kton SO 2 and 18.3 kton carbon dust for the field tests. and 23.5 °C, respectively, when calculated using the solar reflectance measured by two pyranometer in the field. The results also indicate that the solar reflectance measured by a spectrophotometer overestimates the SRI and underestimates the roof surface temperature under the standard conditions specified by ASTM E1980. SRI estimated by the solar reflectance measured by a spectrophotometer differs from that measured by two pyranomters by 2.6 and 7.8 for the concrete roof and painted roof, respectively.


Diesel engines are important for the movement of people and goods. But they are also essential for generating electricity. While it is desirable that engines become, more efficient, reliable, durable and also environmentally-friendly, achieving this requires a better understanding of the complexities surrounding engine combustion processes. Recent technological advancements, including computer simulation have facilitated research and development of new diesel engines. Using a 1-D model of an 8-Cylinder, 4-Stroke diesel engine and applying a vibe combustion model, this study presents how in-cylinder processes affect diesel engine performance. The results reveal close proximity of the developed model to test bed measurements of the engine under investigation. Additionally, the findings demonstrate the capability of AVL BOOST to provide advanced models that allow for adequate prediction of engine performance.


Also called as Abrikossoff's tumor, the granular cell tumor (GCT) can occur in any part of the body, most of them occur in the head and neck
especially in the tongue, cheek and palate. Almost three fourth of the lesions seen in head and neck are present over the tongue, oral mucosa or hard
palate. Both benign and malignant lesions have been reported; although occurrence of malignancy is rare, comprising of 2% of all granular cell
tumors. Here we present a case report of granular cell tumor of tongue at two different sites in a 17-year-old girl with a brief review of literature on
granular cell tumors. Although oral GCTs exhibit a benign behavior they may demonstrate a wide variety of features and architectural patterns.
Rather than a true neoplasm, GCTs could be regarded as lesions that reect a local metabolic or reactive change.


Aging is one of the main contributors for asphalt failure. Oxidation aging is the main cause of long-term deterioration in asphalt pavements as a pavement ages, oxidation stiffens a pavement, making it more susceptible to failure from load and thermal stresses. Slowing a pavement's oxidative aging would maintain its elastic properties and delay aging problems. There is no performance enhancer in widespread use, acting as an antioxidant that slows the oxidative aging of asphalt binder. The main objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using biomass powder derived from rice husks as an antioxidant additive to control the asphalt age hardening. The waste of rice husks was dried at 40°C for 9–11 days. The dried materials was grounded, and sieved to get fine powder. To evaluate the performance of the antioxidant, samples have to be aged according to SUPERPAVE standards (RTFOT and PAV) and physical, chemical, and rheological properties have to be analyzed. The preliminary results of penetration test softening point test shows that adding 4% of rice husks' powder to 80/100 binder didn't change the grade of the binder.


313 In 1973, the bylaws of the American Board of Medical Specialties were amended to offer special certification. "Certification of Special Competence is conferred by a Primary Board in a specified area of the field to which the Board certifies. It indicates the possession of knowledge, skill, and training in that special field over and above that required for a general certification."1,2 This later evolved into a Certificate of Added Qualifications, reflecting additional training of at least 1 year and satisfactory completion of an examination in a special field.1 In 1982, the American boards of orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, and surgery were asked by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand to consider awarding a Certificate of Added Qualifications in hand surgery.1 In 1985, all three boards approved the proposal, and in 1986, the American Board of Medical Specialties granted the primary boards the ability to offer a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Surgery of the Hand.1 Approval for certification of hand surgeons across all three specialties was subject to the following conditions: (1) the "grandfathering time" (the period during which experience alone may qualify a candidate for admission to the examination) should extend for 5 years after the first examination, (2) the time-limited certification is 10 years for each of the three primary boards authorized to issue the Certificate of Added Qualifications in hand surgery, and (3) the candidate's supervised experience should be in an approved training program and not in the form of a preceptorship.1,3 To date, the only Certificate of Added Qualifications awarded by the American Board of Plastic Surgery is for hand surgery. The authors consider the possibility of similar subspecialty certification in microvascular surgery. The aim of such a certificate would be to acknowledge those surgeons who have demonstrated qualifications in microvascular surgery beyond those expected of other plastic surgeons by virtue of additional training or a practice characterized by a majority of cases in microvascular surgery.