The microvasculature of the fowl epididymis and ductus deferens was studied by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts and by light and transmission electron microscopy. The interstitial tissue of the rete testis was poorly endowed with irregularly arranged capillary network, while it was penetrated by several testicular arteries and veins. Histologically, the capillaries ran through the interstitial tissue without close regional relations to the epithelium of the rete testis. They were rarely fenestrated. The individual excurrent ducts from the efferent ductules to the ductus deferens were encircled by dense peritubular capillary networks. The capillaries were located just beneath the epithelium. Their endothelial cells with rich pinocytotic vesicles were attenuated on the side toward the epithelium of the excurrent ducts and were fenestrated. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the vessels flowed out rapidly through the fenestrations and/or was transported via the pinocytotic vesicles into the extravascular areas and the intercellular spaces between the epithelial cells of the excurrent ducts. These findings suggest that in the fowl a possible active exchange of materials may occur between the respective capillaries and the epithelium of the excurrent duct systems, except in the rete testis.


This article is based on a study which aims at the finding out components of commmunicaton stratedies   and sufficiency of strategic competence in Interlanguage textbook. The data analyzed are the models of speaking text taken from Interlanguage textbook. There are 5 texts in the textbook. The finding of the study reveals the communication strategies used are fillers. Another finding is 100% commmunication strategies found in Interlanguage textbook are well implemented


Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is an active research area. When the historical data is limited or a new project is to develop, establishing CPDP models is very useful, which assists software testers to judge the defect-prone entities or software managers to focus on the "important" parts by allocating the manpower, budget, time. However, the dissimilarity of data distributions between the source projects and the target project decreases the performance of CPDP models. How to simplify or the cross-project training data is an important problem. To solve this issue, an isolation forest (iForest) filter is proposed. We use 15 versions of different java projects from open PROMISE Data Repository and five typical predictors (naïve bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), logistic regression(LR), k-nearest neighbor(k-NN) and random forest(RF) to build 1050 (15*14*5) software defect prediction models (SDPM). Meanwhile, we compare our models with Burak Filter models and Peter Filter models. From the results of performance measures, called AUC, balance, G-measure, G-mean, F1-measure, we can know that our iForest filter is feasible and even better than other two. Therefore, using iForest filter can make cross-project training data simple and build efficient SDPM.


Even in an era of advisory federal guidelines, it is still easy to focus on the technical minutiae of the Guidelines. The minutiae still matter because the Supreme Court has told us the Guidelines must still be considered and calculated accurately. But the Sentencing Reform Act and its overarching—although often conflicting and widely debated—goals for sentencing demand more. We must continue to resist allowing the Guidelines' trees to obscure the sentencing forest. Data can help us evaluate sentencing systems and guide sentencing decision-making. Generally speaking, more data is better; though, as we have previously written in these pages, ''Information is a tool and not a panacea.'' To what use will and should we put sentencing information? Our current federal sentencing structure developed partially out of a concern about unwarranted disparity, but it can be challenging to understand exactly how that concern should inform data collection, what the extant sentencing data truly reveal about unwarranted disparities, and what else should be considered in any analysis of sentencing decisions. This isue of FSR implicates all these matters as we take stock of an important new data set concerning federal sentencing outcomes in recent years. In March 2012, the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) released an analysis of more than 370,000 criminal cases sentenced in the federal courts during a five-year period. TRAC described its work as a ''first-of-its-kind, judge-by-judge review of federal sentences imposed for drugs, white collar and other kinds of crimes,'' and highlights from TRAC's analysis were posted on its website under the heading ''Surprising Judge-to-Judge Variations Documented in Federal Sentencing.'' The press coverage of TRAC's data spotlighted concerns about sentencing disparity; the Federal Public Defenders, in turn, were quick to issue a ''Fact Sheet'' spotlighting limitations and problems with TRAC's raw data and initial analysis. Recognizing the import and potential impact of TRAC's data, the Editors of FSR committed this issue primarily to the TRAC data and materials exploring the data's meaning and import. The result is an issue brimming with updated data and expanded analyses from TRAC and the Defenders. In fact, this issue of FSR not only provides a guided tour of and a healthy debate between TRAC and the Defenders concerning the TRAC data, but also includes additional original commentary from others involved in the federal sentencing system concerning the TRAC data and its broader implications. These Editors' Observations briefly highlight some of what the TRAC data do and do not add to our basic understanding of federal sentencing policies and practices in the post-Booker era. These Observations also suggest that, though new types of federal sentencing data should always be welcomed and assessed, it may now be time to ask (again) broader questions about the fundamental goals of the federal criminal justice system and Guideline sentencing practices.


Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer substitution (NSS) with different types of organic material is a cleaner agricultural practice for reducing the application of synthetic N input in farmlands while also relieving the environmental issues caused by the discharge of organic wastes. However, the effects of the NSS practice on crop yields, being the primary objective of agricultural activity, is still uncertain in China. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of the NSS practices with different types of organic materials on crop yields. Results showed that the average crop yield was increased by 3.4%, with significant differences under NSS, thereby demonstrating that this practice contributed to improving crop yields, especially of rice and maize. According to published reports, the NSS practices involving chicken manure, pig manure, and crop straw increased crop yields by 4.79, 7.68, and 3.28%, respectively, with significant differences, thus demonstrating the superior effects needed for replacing synthetic N fertilizer. Moreover, substitution ratios (SR) between 0% and 60% could be suggested when using the NSS practice, with the high SR recommended when the original soil fertility was adequate for crops. Considering the long-term effects of applied organic materials, improving the grain yield with the NSS practice should be expected in the long-term. By effectively applying the NSS, this study attempted to scientifically decide on the type of organic materials and the appropriate SR based on the conditions of the soil and the crop. The results provide research information for the development of clean agricultural production and food security in China.


ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence is being touted as an enormous leap forward in technology that will change the future and drive innovation across all disciplines. How is artificial intelligence currently being used in libraries and what is its potential for creating quality descriptive metadata in the future? We will review some current and future developments and discus some of the ethical considerations of artificial intelligence when it comes to descriptive metadata creation that librarians will want to pay attention to going forward.


We examine hydrogen sorption cycling of 1.5 μm thick magnesium thin films containing a bimetallic chromium titanium catalyst. At 200 °C these nanocomposites absorb 5 wt % hydrogen in several seconds, and desorb in 10–20 minutes. In several compositions, there is negligible hydrogenation kinetics or capacity degradation even at over 100 cycles. Equally importantly, the ternary films require minimal activation, achieving rapid magnesium hydride formation and decomposition from cycle one. Pressure-composition isotherms display well-known enthalpies of MgH2. Transmission electron microscopy analysis supports a hypothesis that such extreme kinetics is due to the presence of a nanodispersed Cr Ti phase in Mg matrix.


†Summary Spectral modeling synthesis (SMS) is a powerful tool for musical sound modeling. This technique considers a sound as a combination of a deterministic plus a stochastic component that makes possible for a synthesized sound to attain all the perceptual characteristics of the original sound. In this paper, we propose a modified SMS which includes a new transformation technique to synthesize the deterministic component of the whale sound from a base sound. This transformation process utilizes the synthesis parameter set (magnitude, frequency, and phase of each sinusoid) of base sound and the difference parameter set which is calculated by subtracting the base sound parameter set from the desired sound parameter set to synthesize the target sound. In addition, this transformation technique reduces the data size of the parameter set. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed SMS well synthesized whale sound which is similar to original one in both time and frequency domain.


The paper gives details of a new simplified type of photometer head incorporating Lummer Brodhun contrast prisms and a sector disc. The use of this head with an integrating photometer is described. When so used, a small portion of the internal surface of the integrator forms one half of the field of view and a comparison disc having an identical surface forms the other half, both surfaces being viewed at the same angle. The advantages of the arrangement are stated.


Trinseo is seeking alternatives for its last major polycarbonate asset: its plant in Stade, Germany. The company, once the styrenic polymer arm of Dow, exited its Japanese polycarbonate joint venture with Sumitomo Chemical, Sumika Styron Polycarbonate, in 2017. A Dow plant that had been making polycarbonate for Trinseo in Freeport, Texas, under contract shuttered in 2014. Trinseo says it will continue to sell polycarbonate compounds and blends. Separately, Trinseo is buying a latex plant from Dow in Rheinmunster, Germany. The transaction only requires Trinseo to assume $45 million in employee pension liabilities. The facility employs 114 people. Trinseo expects to complete the deal during the second half of the year.


Differentiation of a mouse oocyte into a two cell mouse embryo is controlled by the regulated translation of maternal mRNAs [1]. These mRNAs must be stored in the oocyte and then activated at the proper time in development. While advances in our understanding of mRNA storage and metabolism in somatic cells have been made, how mouse oocytes store and active maternal mRNAs is not well understood. In the current issue of Biology of Reproduction, Flemr and colleagues [2] address this issue and identify a new mRNA storage region in mouse oocytes called the subcortical RNP domain (SCRD).


This paper describes a 12-bit current mode digital to analog converter. Circuit topology uses two arrays of 64 equal current sources, each one generating both the current associated to six bits, corresponding to either MSB or LSB parts. The main novelty of that topology is the method used to limit the maximum current provided by the LSB block, which ensures a monotonic behavior of the system. The circuit has been designed and fabricated using a 0.35 mum CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.17 mm2


Background Since the development of modern total hip replacement (THR) more than 50 years ago, thousands of devices have been developed in attempt to improve patient outcomes and prolong implant survival. Modern THR devices are often broadly classified according to their method of fixation; cemented, uncemented or hybrid (typically an uncemented acetabular component with a cemented stem). Due to early failures of THR in young active patients, the concept of hip resurfacing was revisited in the 19909s and numerous prostheses were developed to serve this patient cohort, some with excellent clinical results. Experience with metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing related issues particularly involving the ASR (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, Indiana) precipitated a fall in the use of hip resurfacing (HR) prostheses in Australia from a peak of 30.2% in 2004 to 4.3% in 2015. The effects of poorly performing prostheses and what is now recognised as suboptimal patient selection are reflected in the AOANJRR cumulative percent revision (CPR) data which demonstrates 13.2% revision at 15 years for all resurfacing hip replacements combined; with 11 different types of hip resurfacing prostheses recorded for patients less than 55 years of age and a primary diagnosis of OA. When this data is restricted to only those prostheses currently used in Australia (BHR; Smith and Nephew, Birmingham, UK & ADEPT; MatOrtho Ltd, Surrey, UK) there is a CPR of 9.5% at 15 years for all patients. Despite these CPR results, recognition is emerging of the important distinction between MoM THR and resurfacing. Furthermore, in light of current consensus for patient selection and the surgical indications for resurfacing, a gender analysis demonstrates a CPR for females of 14.5% at 10 years compared to 3.7% for males. Similar difference for head size >50mm with 6% CPR at 10 years compared to 17.6% for head size We undertook an ad hoc data report request to the AOANJRR. The data set provided was deidentified for patient, surgeon and institution and included all HR and conventional THR procedures performed for the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis recorded in the Registry since inception in 1999. We requested mortality and yearly cumulative percent survival (CPS) of patients for primary HR and THR with sub-group analysis by the mode of fixation. There were 12,910 hip resurfacings (79% male) compared to 234,484 conventional THR (46.8% male) over the study period. When adjusted for age and gender over the 15 years of available data, there was a statistically significant difference in cumulative percent survival (CPS) between conventional THR and hip resurfacing (HR 1.66 (1.52, 1.82; p Discussion The results demonstrate a statistically significant adjusted survival advantage for hip resurfacing compared to conventional THR and between fixation methods for THR. These findings are consistent with previous studies. While a difference in adjusted mortality rate appears to exist, we are yet to definitively determine the complex interplay of causative factors that may contribute to it.


Health discrimination or the process of disadvantaging an individual based on a medical diagnosis and its associated stereotypes is an increasing global problem. Like most forms of prejudice this form of discrimination originates through the innate ability to make quick assumptions about other people. However this process exacerbates stereotypes which hinder individual's attempts to function independently. Prejudice from health is especially complex to study because each condition has different assumptions associated with it and each person is impacted differently by a diagnosis. While there is a significant amount of research about the retrogressive impacts on health discrimination literature examining the origins of personal bias that triggers the phenomena is not as comprehensive. We decided to see if individuals displayed stereotypes after viewing media clips which portrayed negative perceptions of individuals with medical and mental needs. We tested this concept using three lower division psychology courses from a small liberal arts college. Each class saw a media clip which corresponded with three different health conditions; physical need, mental need, and a combination of physical and mental need. Data were obtained through surveys designed for each media a clip and analyzed to see if negative perceptions existed in participants.


Improvements in genome technology have been substantially increasing the available amount of gene data. As the gene data contain sensitive personal information, security schemes that can ensure confidentiality and safe sharing are necessary. In this paper, we propose a model for secure gene data management using blockchain and encryption. The proposed model employs a storage where the gene data are partially encrypted, and access control for the data is ensured by the blockchain so that the data can be shared safely. Furthermore, the gene owner can trace the usage and status of the data using a decentralized application.


Ocean Explorer is a head-mounted virtual and augmented reality application designed to help researchers quickly visualise and analyse massive volumetric ocean datasets. Using a simple gestural interface, researchers can directly manipulate ocean volumes with their hands, scrub through time, and interrogate the spatial dimensions of ocean phenomena with free-axis clipping.


Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is a widely adopted characterization technique used for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis in a broad range of scientific and industrial applications. Advances in detector design and digital pulse processing in recent years have enabled EDS analysis at high throughputs and with excellent spectral resolution. Throughputs in the order of 100,000 stored counts/s are now routine, allowing for a point-mode analysis with precision down to 1% of weight concentration to be completed in a few seconds. However, X-ray throughput remains a significant bottleneck to high-speed EDS analysis, especially for spectral imaging. For example, even with 1 million X-rays collected (that is, after 10 seconds of acquisition time with the above throughput), a conventional spectral image with a spatial resolution of 768 x 512 pixels contains only 2.5 counts per pixel on average. To enable an accurate analysis of such a sparse data set, we argue that advanced computational methods can be combined to significantly shorten the time needed to achieve high-quality outputs. In this work, we demonstrate and compare the efficiency of three fundamentally different yet complementary computational methods for spectral imaging: (1) gross count mapping as a reference method, (2) standardless quantitative mapping, and (3) phase analysis based on multivariate statistical analysis. For comparison (see Fig. 1), we present all three methods with a spectral data cube of 1 million X-rays, collected over a sample containing four different phases, namely Zinc sulfite, Galena, Tetrahedrite, and Quartz. In


We find that intermediary risk appetite plays an important role in the availability of dealer hedging services provided to real economy firms. We show that dealers intermediate the swap exposures of different clienteles and hedge some residual risk in the futures market. Using novel data on WTI crude oil swaps and futures positions of individual dealers, we present evidence that dealers hedge<br>bespoke contracts with standard, liquid instruments and face basis risk. We conclude that the equilibrium quantity of basis risk taken, and therefore the amount of inter-mediation service available at a given price, is correlated with risk appetite.


Pareto multiobjective genetic algorithm is one kind of vector optimization methods derived from concept of Pareto optimal,and the whole Pareto optimal set can be got using this method.Because conventional Pareto GA runs with two chromosomes crossover,it consumes much time on Niche which makes the efficency of this algorithm somewhat low.In this paper,a new Pareto multiobjective GA with multiple chromosomes crossover is presented,and the individual is expressed with real valued representations which makes it much faster than conventional algorithms.Based on the proof of corresponding schema theorem,variance and entropy are proposed as measurements of diversity of population in genetic algorithms.The influence that the Pareto MOGA with multiple chromosomes crossover acts upon variance and entropy is analyzed.At last,one example is presented to compare between method in this paper and traditional methods so as to prove the superiority of this method.


Background: Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is a novel breast imaging technique that uses Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) gamma cameras to detect the uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi in breast tumors. Current techniques employ an administered dose of 20-30 mCi Tc-99m, delivering an effective dose of 6.5-10 mSv to the body. This is ~ 5-10 times that of mammography. The goal of this study was to reduce the radiation dose by a factor of 5-10, while maintaining image quality. Methods: A total of 4 dose reduction schemes were evaluated - a) optimized collimation, b) improved utilization of the energy spectrum below the photopeak, c) adaptive geometric mean algorithm developed for combination of images from opposing detectors, and d) non local means filtering (NLMF) for noise reduction and image enhancement. Validation of the various schemes was performed using a breast phantom containing a variety of tumors and containing activity matched to that observed in clinical studies. Results: Development of tungsten collimators with holes matched to the CZT pixels yielded a 2.1-2.9 gain in system sensitivity. Improved utilization of the energy spectra yielded a 1.5-2.0 gain in sensitivity. Development of a modified geometric mean algorithm yielded a 1.4 reduction in image noise, while retaining contrast. Images of the breast phantom demonstrated that a factor of 5 reduction in dose was achieved. Additional refinements to the NLMF should enable an additional factor of 2 reduction in dose. Conclusion: Significant dose reduction in MBI to levels comparable to mammography can be achieved while maintaining image quality.


Of the four potential repository units, identified at Yucca Mountain, two potential units the welded, devitrified portions of the Bullfrog and Tram Members of the Crater Flat Tuff are below the water table. The welded, devitrified Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff and the nonwelded, zeolitized Tuffaceous Beds of Calico Hills are above the water table. The results of a study of the four potential repository units are to provide a technical basis for selecting a single target repository unit for future test and evaluation. The unit evaluation studies compared the units rather than provided and absolute assessment. The four ranking evaluation criteria used were: radionuclide isolation time; allowable repository gross thermal loading; excavation stability; and relative economics. Considered the most important of the criteria as well as the most difficult, radionuclide isolation times were estimated using the limited existing data. The allowable repository gross thermal loadings determined from near-field calculations, were nearly the same for all four units. The gross thermal loading supported other criteria by providing the heat source for succeeding thermally related evaluation studies. A large number of studies evaluated excavation stability, including near-field mechanical and thermomechanical finite element code calculations studies. A large number ofmore » studies evaluated excavation stability, including near-field mechanical and thermomechanical finite element code calculations, rock matrix property evaluation, and rock mass classification. Relative economics, a minor criterion, did not play an explicit role in the final ranking. Based on all of the analyses, the final recommendation was that the Topopah Springs be selected as the target unit, followed, in order, by the Calico Hills, Bullfrog, and Tram.« less


Objective To ascertain the causes of priapism and to differentiate between the ischemic low-flow type and nonischemic high-flow type so as to improve the clinicians' ability for emergency treatment of priapism. Methods Ten cases of priapism were included.Their mean age was 41 years (range,22~64 years).The priapism lasted 8 to 212 h with a mean of 21.2 h.Of them 1 case had received prostaglandin E,papaverine and phentolamine injection into cavernous body of penis,which led to ED;1 had priapism when experiencing sexual intercourse after taking sildenafil;1 had primary sarcoma of the penis;1 had transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, which metastasized to the penis;1 had leukemia; 2 had traumatic history;and 3 had unknown causes.The types,causes,treatment and outcomes of priapism were analyzed. Results Of the 10 cases,8 were of ischemic low-flow type and 2 of nonischemic high-flow type. In the 8 cases of ischemic low-flow type priapism, 4 achieved detumescence after receiving metaraminol injection (2~8 mg) at the root of cavernous body,and perfusion of haparinized saline at glans and root of cavernous body of the penis by contrecoup if necessary (1 had ED).One case undergoing glandular-cavernosal shunting achieved detumescence with preservation of erectile function.One case with leukemia was cured after chemotherapy.One case suffered from penile sarcoma and the rest 1 from metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma; the prognoses of both were unfavorable.Of the 2 cases of high-flow type,1 achieved detumescence after selective embolization of internal pudendal artery;the other was discharged after conservative treatment,but experienced ED. Conclusions Blood gas analysis of cavernosal blood,color Doppler ultrasound,and internal pudendal arteriography are useful in differentiating the types of priapism.If conservative treatment fails to achieve detumescence of the penis,surgical treatment should be performed immediately for both types of priapism.


A new hybrid optical system of LED cap lamp was designed for demand of luminous intensity distribution , which is made up of freeform refractor and freeform reflector. Simulation results show that the optical system has a better condensing performance than others, and the center illuminance of light spot is up to the requirement of national standards. The illumination uniformity of the optical system was greater than 0.8, and the radius of light spot of this optical system is 125 mm. The simulation results confirm that the cap lamp meets the requirements of mine.


In this paper, we describe ideas on how to realize personalized and adaptive user interfaces in the Web of Things domain. One of the main goals of personalization is to provide accessible user interfaces for everyone. Our proposal is based on an extension of the Universal Remote Console framework by a RESTFUL communication mechanism in conjunction with the pattern based user interface generation approach of the MyUI project.


The objective of this study to evaluate various indicators to estimate the total nutrient digestibility in horses. We used four adult mares, breed, grouped in a 4 x 4 Latin square balanced fed diets containing equal parts of hay Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp) and concentrated experimental containing corn subjected to four processes: a diet containing ground corn ; flaked corn diet 2, 3 rolled corn, and 4 extruded corn. The weighting coefficient of digestibility of nutrients by the indicators was done through the bias. The accuracy and precision were determined by comparing the predicted and observed data, and the robustness of the biases by comparing with other factors studied. The chromic oxide methods showed similar values of apparent digestibility of nutrients when compared to the total collection method. We observed higher accuracy for the acid detergent lignin as compared to the other indicators tested. However, the acid detergent lignin underestimated the digestibility of nutrients when compared to the total collection. The acid detergent insoluble ash overestimated the digestibility of nutrients when compared to the total collection. The chromic oxide is presented as a better indicator for estimating the total apparent digestibility in horses due to its higher accuracy among the markers evaluated.


This paper presents three coupling models for analysing the dynamical behaviour of a coupled electro-magneto-mechanical system. The first is based on the parametrization of the system by the finite element method. The second realizes the coupling by solving alternately the electromagnetic equations to get the force and mechanical equations to derive the motion. The third solves simultaneously the electric circuit, magnetic field and mechanical motion equations. A comparison of the three models is given through the modelling of an electromagnetic actuator.


Following the European SEA Directive, Sustainability Appraisals (SA) (incorporating Strategic Environmental Assessment - SEA) form an essential part of the development of many regional and district wide plans as well as small area action plans. SA/SEA exercises present a useful mechanism through which more sustainable and environmentally conscious patterns of development can be promoted.


An investigation was established in the open field at Experimental Farm of Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study the effect of NPK chemical fertilizer (2:1:1) at 2 g/pot, as well as rhizobacterin (a biofertilizer contains a specific strain of Rhizobium sp. bacteria) and nitrobein (a biofertilizer contains a specific clone of Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria) at 5 g/pot from each on growth and quality of 6-months-old transplants of Ixora amabilis L. grown in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots filled with about 2 kg of sand, loam and peatmoss mixture (1:1:1, v/v/v) when applied as soil drench, 4 times with 2 months interval. Moreover, the effect of the two combined treatments arised from combining NPK mixture at 2g/pot with either rhizobium or nitrobein at 5g/pot for each, were studied. The obtained results showed that all vegetative and root growth traits were significantly increased in response to the various fertilization treatments employed in this work comparing with control plants which gave the least means in the two seasons. Nitrobein biofertilizer alone gave better results than the individual application of NPK mixture and rhizobacterin biofertilizer, each alone. Combining NPK mixture at 2g/pot with either rhizobacterin or nitrobein at 5g/pot from each doubled means of the different growth parameters, especially the combination of NPK mixture + nitrobein which recorded the highest values in both seasons. A similar trend was also obtained concerning contents of chlorophylls a b, carotenoids and N, P and K % in the leaves.


Abstract Lipodystrophy syndromes are caused by deficiency of adipose tissue leading to severe insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may progress to cirrhosis. Advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis was previously thought to be irreversible; however, eradication of hepatitis C or long-term viral suppression of hepatitis B can reverse cirrhosis. Metreleptin treatment in patients with lipodystrophy improves liver transaminases and NAFLD activity score (NAS) after a mean of 2 years, but the latter improvements were due to lower inflammation and steatosis, with no change in fibrosis. The long-term effects of metreleptin in subjects with advanced fibrosis are unknown. We analyzed 24 subjects with advanced fibrosis (NAS stage 3 or 4) prior to metreleptin. Seven had liver biopsies both before and after ≥ 3 years of metreleptin with mean treatment duration 7.8±2.9 years. Five of six subjects with stage 3 fibrosis at baseline had improved fibrosis scores after metreleptin, and 0 of 1 with stage 4 fibrosis improved. 17 patients (8 with stage 3, 9 stage 4) did not have follow up biopsies after ≥3 years. Of these 17, 4 (all stage 4) died from end stage liver disease, and 1 (stage 3) from other causes. There was no clinical indication for repeat biopsy in 6 patients (2 stage 3, 4 stage 4). 6 were lost to follow up. Of the 24 patients with advanced fibrosis, 13 had congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), 7 had acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL), 3 had familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) and 1 had acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL). Of the 5 subjects with improvement in their fibrosis score, 2 had AGL, 2 had CGL, and one had a novel FPL mutation (1). Of the two patients that did not improve, one had FPL and one had CGL. In conclusion, subjects with stage 3 fibrosis due to lipodystrophy may have regression of fibrosis after long-term metreleptin treatment. This improvement may be secondary to near-elimination of the inciting factors (excess nutrient intake leading to ectopic lipid storage in the liver), analogous to clearance of Hepatitis C infection. However, additional data is needed to determine if metreleptin can reverse fibrosis in subjects with stage 4 fibrosis.


This works presents some examples of modelling technique for the numerical analysis of steelmaking components under thermo-mechanical loads. The proposed technique fits an "industry oriented" approach, in which several complex phenomena such as plasticity at high temperature, thermal transient, phase transition are addressed by a simplified, yet effective modelling. Numerical techniques are developed with a special focus on reducing the model complexity and the computational time, as well as to use simplified material models that require a fewer number of material parameter to be identified from experimental tests. The examples discussed are: an anode undergoing partial melting under operative conditions, a hot mill work modelled by one-dimensional harmonic finite elements, a copper mold for continuous steel casting used to choose a suitable cyclic plasticity model.


The superposition of a ramped AC voltage on a DC bias is proposed and applied to WO3-H2SO4 electrochromic cells. The response limit for upper frequency is evaluated from the frequency dependence of the induced optical density. This AC voltage application is also shown to be effective for prolonging rentention time.


The evolution of technology has made increasingly advantageous the introduction of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in various applications, especially by exploiting their ability for autonomous flight. This paper presents an innovative approach to simulating UAS maneuvers that integrates a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and a closed-loop control algorithm for both position and attitude dynamics. We chose the Proportional-Integrative-Derivative (PID) controller for this preliminary research activity because of its simple implementation and widespread employment in commercial autopilot systems. The numerical simulation of the UAS aerodynamics allows for performing an accurate analysis in critical situations. These include, for example, ground effect or wind gusts scenarios, which require an enhanced propulsive model to capture the interaction between vehicle dynamics, aerodynamics, and environmental conditions. The coupled CFD/PID framework can be a virtual testing environment for UAS platforms. Here we report on its validation. The paper compares such an innovative in-the-loop CFD approach and a classical simplified propulsive model that adopts constant thrust and torque coefficients.


This research is intended to study the impact of corporate governance, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and technology on ethics with the objectives that are to be achieved in the discussions. For the research, the discussion will be based on the literature review from articles and journals that are related to the topic that is going to be analyzed, and it will help to compare and identify gaps in the research.


The molecular transform index (FTm) is a unitary representation of a molecule based on a Fourier operation on the bond distance or graphical descriptor matrices of the structure while incorporating the atomic number of the constituent atoms. In a series consisting of phosphonates, phosphonothionates, and a phosphinate, the FTm gave an excellent linear correlation (R = 0.91) with experimentally determined octanol/water partition coefficients (log Po/w). In a second group containing phosphonofluoridates, thionophosphonofluoridates, and phosphoramidofluoridates, the FTm correlation with log Po/w, calculated by the π-fragment method, served to separate the fluoridates and amidates as structural subclasses. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.1


Abstract We provide properties of almost η-Ricci and almost η-Yamabe solitons on submanifolds isometrically immersed into a Riemannian manifold whose potential vector field is the tangential component of a torse-forming vector field on , treating also the case of a minimal or pseudo quasi-umbilical hypersurface. Moreover, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an orientable hypersurface of the unit sphere to be an almost η-Ricci or an almost η-Yamabe soliton in terms of the second fundamental tensor field.


The transient microwave conductivity of electrons in partially ionized helium or argon gas is determined from the solution of the appropriate Fokker–Planck equation. The time dependence of the real and imaginary components of the electron conductivity are calculated for several initial velocity distribution functions. Good agreement is obtained with available experimental measurements for the pressure and frequency dependence of the transient (real) conductivity in helium. For argon, the present results for the transient mobilities are in qualitative agreement with the results obtained with a Monte Carlo simulation. Electron thermalization times in helium and argon are reported for a range of strengths and frequencies of the external microwave electric field.


A technique is presented for the graphical representation of some contour (level) surfaces of a function of three variables defined by its values on an array of points (<italic>x<subscrpt>i</subscrpt></italic>, <italic>y<subscrpt>j</subscrpt></italic>, <italic>z<subscrpt>k</subscrpt></italic>). The algorithm involves drawing and projecting the contour curves corresponding to the cross sections <italic>x</italic> = <italic>x<subscrpt>I</subscrpt></italic> and <italic>y</italic> = <italic>y<subscrpt>j</subscrpt></italic>. Because the curves are drawn as thick, opaque bands, which mask all bands in the immediate background, a sense of depth is retained, yet background contours are still visible between the bands.


The charge asymmetry between the up and down atoms of an asymmetric dimer on Si(100)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) or Ge(100)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) is tied to the core-level energy splitting. Previous studies of the surface components in the core-level photoemission spectra disagreed on the assignments of the atomic origins, resulting in a disagreement on the charge asymmetry. The present core-level study of the growth of Ge on Si(100) shows clearly that the dimers are essentially covalent.


The study aimed to analyze the impact of tests on psychological problems facing public high school students in Jordan, and due to the tests know the impact on psychological problems. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to obtain the results. The study population consisted of all students enrolled in the public secondary stage in Tafila Governorate for the academic year 2019/2020 AD, the number of which was 2025 male and female students. The study sample consisted of (364) male and female students chosen in a cluster-randomized method, which formed (17.9%) of the original study community. The researcher sought to analyze the impact of tests on psychological problems facing public high school students in Jordan through a questionnaire that included three dimensions, namely: The first dimension: study problems; the second dimension: behavioral problems; and the third dimension: personal problems, where the scale included (30) items for students, its validity and reliability were verified. The most important results of the study that was shown by the study were: that the tests affected the psychological problems of public high school students in the governorate of Jordan. The study also showed differences of statistical significance at the level of significance (α <0.05) in the impact of the tests on psychological problems according to the gender variable and favour of females. The results also showed that the arithmetic mean of psychological problems among students at the public secondary stage in Tafila Governorate came as average and with average arithmetic (3.57) and a standard deviation (0.28). The study recommended activating the counseling programs that reduce psychological problems for public high school students.


There has been a long controversy over the likely impact of population dynamics on economic growth and development. As long ago as 1789 the Reverend Thomas Malthus argued in his famous 'Essay on the Principle of Population' that food production would not keep pace with the population's natural proclivity to grow in an unchecked fashion. In the absence of prudential checks, the result would be starvation, vice, and misery, with a tendency for economies to stagnate at a subsistence or poverty level of income.


The Ramsar City Accreditation has been described in the Conference of Parties (COP 12) by way of Resolution XII.10 in Uruguay in 2015. The objectives of the accreditation are to assist cities, Contracting Parties and stakeholders in promoting awareness and also to support for the wise use and conservation of wetlands and to perform sustainable development initiatives. The accreditation encourages and support cities that are familiar to Wetlands of International Importance, but also other wetlands to establish a positive relationship with the wetlands through increased participation and awareness and consideration of the wetlands in local planning and decision making. The accreditation is also intended to act as models for the study, demonstration and promotion of Ramsar Convention's objectives, approaches, principles and resolutions. This paper highlights the significance of the Ramsar City Accreditation and ways on improving sustainability of wetlands. The benefits, challenges and opportunities for developing the accreditation are also discussed.


Almost 30 years ago, the stable isotope 15N had covered a wide field of application in science and technology. With the preparation of the first smaller amounts of 15N in 1958, an intensive work of research and development started for the production, analysis, and application of 15N in the GDR. In this publication, activities of research and development for 15N production using the principle of chemical exchange in the system NO x /HNO3 from a laboratory scale to the introduction into chemical industry are described and new projects reported.


The use of a camera for metrical purposes presupposes a knowledge of errors affecting the photograph. The aim of the present study was to test stereomodels of defined test objects with regard to inherent deformations. Three different test objects were used, a fine-lined grid and two test models resembling the teeth and the surrounding labial gingiva. The accuracy as given by the standard error of unit weight of absolute orientation was 0.018 mm (precision grid), 0.066 mm (convex surface) and 0.115-0.139 mm (jaw model). The precision under the test conditions as judged from the comparison of stereomodels from repeated exposures of the same object (jaw model) was between 0.009 and 0.032 mm. Since the stereomodel was deformed in a similar way irrespective of the test object used, it was concluded that part of the total error could be interpreted as a systematic deformation of the stereomodel. For further in vivo application of the method, with difficulties to identify reference points on the gingiva from rep...


We recognize and accept the fact that the introduction of any new drug or method of treatment is usually followed by repercussions from many sources. This is particularly true if the public is informed prematurely. Unfortunately, this has happened with the introduction of continuous caudal analgesia by Drs. Hingson and Edwards1of the United States Public Health Service. It is not our purpose to discuss the history, use or dangers of caudal block or to compare the various methods of technic, but to endorse this new procedure as the nearest thing to safe and painless childbirth that we have in our obstetric armamentarium. After reading a report of 10,000 cases of childbirth compiled by Hingson and Edwards, and from our personal observation in 950 deliveries by this technic, we agree with the originators of this method and with other writers that it is a procedure which should be used


Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of CH3OCH2CF3 (k1), CH3OCH3 (k2), CH3OCH2CH3 (k3), and CH3CH2OCH2CH3 (k4) with NO3 radicals were determined by means of a relative rate method at 298 K. NO3 radicals were prepared by thermal decomposition of N2O5 in a 700–750 Torr N2O5/NO2/NO3/air gas mixture in a 1-m3 temperature-controlled chamber. The measured rate constants at 298 K were k1 = (5.3 ± 0.9) × 10−18, k2 = (1.07 ± 0.10) × 10−16, k3 = (7.81 ± 0.36) × 10−16, and k4 = (2.80 ± 0.10) × 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Potential energy surfaces for the NO3 radical reactions were computationally explored, and the rate constants of k1–k5 were calculated according to the transition state theory. The calculated values of rate constants k1–k4 were in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined values. The calculated value of k5 was compared with the estimate (k5 2.4 × 105 years, respectively, with respect to reaction with NO3 radicals. The tropospheric lifetimes of these compounds are much shorter with respect to the OH reaction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 490–497, 2009


Nonisotropic spatiotemporal chaotic vibrations can happen for a linear wave equation with a mixing transport term on the unit interval and with a nonlinear van der Pol boundary condition at one end when the parameter(s) enters some regime [Chen et al., Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 12, 535 (2002)]. In this paper, on the one hand, the equation with general nonlinear boundary conditions is considered. On the other hand, parameter range for the route to chaos is more precisely classified. The results obtained here generalize and sharpen those both in the above paper and the earlier work of [Li, L. L. and Huang, Y., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 361, 69 (2010)]. Two examples and their corresponding numerical simulations of chaotic space-time profiles are also illustrated.


Studies of field populations of cereal aphids in spring small grains in South Dakota (1963–72) showed that Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Macrosiphum avenae (F.), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) commonly colonized wheat, barley, and oats; R. maidis (Fitch) was found only in barley and only while the developing leaf blades were still furled. S. graminum often was present during a greater proportion of the season than the other species. Populations of all species were predominantly nymphal throughout the season with substantial numbers of alatae (migrant) only present as founders of colonies early in spring. S. graminum was distributed nearly randomly within fields, but M. avenae and R. padi were distinctly aggregated.


It has been shown that nanofluids can significantly impact the forces at both fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interfaces. Nanofluids have also been reported in laboratory studies to enhance oil recover...


Forest managers and harvesters of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) need a tool for rapid measurement of the impact of their activities on seed dispersal and tree recruitment. Such a tool could be used for a prospective eco-label which would ensure regeneration. We propose, and have used a new rapid assessment protocol to sample and evaluate the impact of any anthropogenic disturbance on seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of hard-tegument fruit species enclosing large seeds. We set up this protocol in French Guiana for a large-seeded scatter-hoarded tree species, Carapa surinamensis (andiroba), at three different forest sites affected by a variety of anthropogenic pressures, such as hunting and logging. Over a limited time we assessed: 1) dispersal failure: from late May to mid-June, the proportion of seeds remaining undispersed was estimated by sampling the number of seeds, seedlings and fruit husks in 25-m2 subplots under the tree crown; 2) recruitment effectiveness: in September–October, seedlings were sampled on four 100-m2 plots located 5–15 m from the tree base around the tree crown. Altogether, 77 trees were sampled, some 1–2 hours being spent beneath each tree, during a total 4–6 weeks in the field for each dispersal and recruitment sampling. We showed that: 1) seed dispersal is affected by hunting, this being significantly marked in the coastal area, which faces major anthropogenic pressures; 2) logging treatments affect seed dispersal and regeneration, on the average. However, canopy gaps due to sylvicultural treatments raise the life expectancy of seedlings.


The species Nicotiana tabacum, known as tobacco, is one of the crops with the highest economic value in the world among non-food species. Since 2000, Brazil has become the world"s second largest tobacco producer. Brazilian production is mainly concentrated in the South region. The main tobacco types are produced in Brazil, such as Dark, which, despite representing a small percentage of the total production in Brazil, is economically important because of a high added value. Until now the only available cultivar is a line that despite having a desirable alkaloid content, has low productivity. In an effort to help improve production, we estimated the heterosis of diallel crosses involving tobacco lines of the Dark tobacco type. A complete diallel cross was made involving 10 lines from the British American Tobacco company breeding program. The 45 hybrid combinations, together with the 10 parental lines and nine other commercial controls, were evaluated at four sites in Southern Brazil, using a triple lattice experimental design (8 x 8). The characteristics evaluated included: green leaf mass (Productivity YLD), and total alkaloid content (ALK), and the selection index was obtained by the sum of standardized variables (SSV), considering a weight of 70% for YLD and 30% for ALK. Estimated correlation between YLD and


In this paper, a novel continuous-time robust nonlinear control scheme, is proposed for nonaffine nonlinear systems with unknown uncertainties/disturbance, which is based on backstepping methodology and sliding mode control technique. Firstly, a novel approximation technique is developed to approximate the nonaffine nonlinear dynamic systems. Then, the robust backstepping control for nonaffine nonlinear systems is proposed via the novel approximation technique. In the controller design procedure, the sliding model control method is introduced to avoid the possibility of the over parameterization problem and deal with the unknown uncertainties/disturbance. And, a second-order sliding mode integral filter is employed to facilitate the development of the derivation of the virtual control input with uncertainty terms included. Finally, the designed robust control strategy is applied to three-pole active magnetic bearing system, and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretic results obtained.


Students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in universities are a challenging issue of much concern. University students often need to attend English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classes to complete their studies, as it is necessary for their academic progress. According to Gathercole, Alloway, Willis, and Adams (2006), SEN students show low levels of working memory performance. Also, they are often diagnosed with poor concentration (Westwood, 2007), spelling difficulties (dysorthographia), and often have trouble understanding and applying phonic decoding principles (Westwood, 2007). When these struggling skills are not catered for properly they are often the cause for SEN EAP students falling behind in their studies as their lessons increase in their level of difficulty. Subsequently, it is important for these students, instead of being part of regular EAP classes where they may not receive the required attention, to be taught in a specialised learning environment with tools that will attend to their needs and facilitate the language learning process. Moreover, with the continuous growth of technology and the systematic training of educators in the use of technology, it has been widely acknowledged that technology can assist and benefit 1. Limassol, Cyprus; email@example.com; https://orcid.org/0000‐0002‐2599‐1416 2. Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; email@example.com; https://orcid.org/0000‐0003‐4444‐4482 3. Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; email@example.com; https://orcid.org/0000‐0002‐5653‐6803 How to cite: Charalambous, T., Papadima‐Sophocleous, S., & Giannikas, C. N. (2021). The integration of assistive technologies in the SEN EAP classroom: raising awareness. In S. Papadima‐Sophocleous, E. Kakoulli Constantinou & C. N. Giannikas (Eds), Tertiary education language learning: a collection of research (pp. 65‐88). Research‐publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.51.1255


The goal of bachelor work is to define recommendations for individual bank communication scopes, based on analyse of marketing communication of selected bank. Bachelor work proceed with theoretical definition of marketing and marketing mix and mostly the tools of bank communication mix. Analytical part is oriented on marketing communication of 2 typological different products. Audit effectivity of used marketing tools too. Based on achieved results, bachelor work bring interpretation and define proposals for marketing communication activities of bank for future period.


46 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated 47 with human diseases and traits. However, the majority of GWAS-implicated variants are in non48 coding regions of the genome and require in depth follow-up to identify target genes and 49 decipher biological mechanisms. Here, rather than focusing on causal variants, we have 50 undertaken a pooled loss-of-function screen in primary hematopoietic cells to interrogate 389 51 candidate genes contained in 75 loci associated with red blood cell traits. Using this approach, 52 we identify 77 genes at 38 GWAS loci, with most loci harboring 1-2 candidate genes. 53 Importantly, the hit set was strongly enriched for genes validated through orthogonal genetic 54 approaches. Genes identified by this approach are enriched in specific and relevant biological 55 pathways, allowing regulators of human erythropoiesis and modifiers of blood diseases to be 56 defined. More generally, this functional screen provides a paradigm for gene-centric follow up of 57 GWAS for a variety of human diseases and traits. 58


Executives transitioning to retirement experience professional and personal challenges. This article provides examples of decision points for timing and potential aspects to consider when transitioning to retirement. Examples are opinion-based as a result of personal experience and observations from an expert vantage point.


This chapter discusses the interesting phenomena that happen when the thickness of a lubricant film is reduced to nanoscale dimensions. For liquid lubricants sandwiched between two solid surfaces, the interesting phenomena associated with confined liquids include: molecules forming a layered structure, enhanced viscosity, and solidification. In boundary lubrication, an adsorbed monolayer resists penetration of contacting asperities and sliding takes place over the low shear strength surface of the boundary lubricant. The absence of boundary lubrication can lead to cold welding where adhesion at the interface leads to ultra-high friction and seizure. The last part of this chapter discusses how capillary and disjoining pressures lead to the formation of lubricant menisci around contacting asperities from a thin lubricant film on one of the surfaces and how these menisci influence adhesion and friction. The kinetics of meniscus formation from capillary condensation and its impact on friction are also discussed.


Objective To evaluate the association between the length of the female urethra and urodynamic study (UDS) parameters in patients presenting with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients and methods We retrospectively enrolled 391 women who underwent a transobturator adjustable tape sling implantation for the management of SUI between April 2009 and March 2016. All patients underwent a physical examination and UDS. Filling cystometry data that were evaluated included the Valsalva leak point pressure, and the cough leak point pressure. The maximal urethral closure pressure, the functional urethral length (FUL), and the length of the continence zone (LCZ) were measured using the urethral profile obtained from the UDS. The anatomical urethral length (AUL) was measured intraoperatively using a Foley catheter. We calculated the LCZ/FUL ratio to determine the anatomical continence length for this study. Results We noted that 299 patients completed the study. The mean AUL was 26.25±3.59 mm. The mean FUL and LCZ were 41.37±15.05 mm and 24.15±13.90 mm, respectively. The mean LCZ/FUL was 0.57±0.19. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, we observed that the AUL showed a correlation with the FUL (0.168, P=0.034), the LCZ (0.212, P=0.007), the LCZ/FUL ratio (0.190, P=0.016), the Valsalva leak point pressure (0.223, P=0.005), the cough leak point pressure (0.215, P=0.006), and the maximal urethral closure pressure (0.178, P=0.043). Conclusion Our results show that the AUL in women is associated with UDS parameters relating to SUI.


I have deviated somewhat from the custom of my predecessors of presenting some purely surgical subject for your consideration in order to take up a matter of a more abstract nature, yet one which I believe to be of the greatest practical importance, and one too often neglected by most physicians. I refer to the question of testimony and evidence in medicine. In the legal profession the questions of testimony and evidence, in so far as they relate to human affairs, have been very thoroughly studied, and more or less fixed rules governing them have been adopted. The value of testimony and the weight to be attached to evidence in the formation of conclusions are all elaborately dealt with, but the physician dealing habitually with questions of life and death too often fails to apply the most common rules of logic to his reasoning, with the result that his deductions


The blends of epoxidized natural rubber (50 mol %) (ENR) and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEA) (6 wt %) are demonstrated to be partially miscible up to 50% by weight of PEA and completely miscible beyond this proportion. The miscibility has been confirmed by a DSC study which exhibits a single second-order transition (Tg) for the 30 : 70 and 50 : 50 (ENR : PEA) blends. For the 70 : 30 (ENR : PEA) blend, the Tg's shift toward an intermediate value but do not merge to form a single Tg, making the blend partially miscible. The miscibility has been assigned to the esterification reaction between – OH groups formed in situ during melt blending of ENR and – COOH groups of PEA. The occurrence of such reactions have been confirmed by UV and IR spectroscopic studies. The existence of a single phase of the blends beyond 50 wt % of PEA has been shown by SEM studies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


To study the physical mechanisms of phenomena such as polar mesospheric summer echoes, the SCRAP (Scattering of Radar waves on Aerosols in Plasmas) experiment aimed to validate theories on density ...


23 By treating alienation as a set of intervening variables, Seeman has advocated reducing the polemic element in alienation by empirically determining if the structural conditions of "mass society" have the presumed alienative effects and if the kinds and degrees of alienation have the behavioral consequences often specified. See Melvin Seeman, "Social Learning Theory and the Theory of Mass Society," paper presented to the American Sociological Association, annual meeting, Los Angeles, September, 1963. On the psychological side, Rotter and his students have taken a similar approach. For a summary of the findings of these studies, see Julian B. Rotter, "Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement," Psychological Monographs (in press).


This paper extracts and documents patterns that identify problems and solutions concerning confidentiality in a client-server environment. These patterns are then organized as a pattern language. The idea is to include a new layer that is responsible for providing the security framework. This layer is composed by a Client Secure Socket and a Server Secure Socket. In order to obtain confidentiality, a combination of symmetric and asymmetric (public/private) cryptography techniques is proposed. For data encryption is proposed the use of the symmetric system with a Session Key. And for exchanging the Session Key, the public/private key pair model is used. This combination provides a fast and reliable cryptosystem.


Low-frequency noise (LFN) in Si1-xGex p-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (pMOSFETs) with a relatively wide range of Ge fraction x=0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and Si1-xGex thickness dSiGe of 2–14 nm are investigated. Although LFN of Si1-xGex pMOSFETs seems to be complicated functions of dSiGe and Ge fraction, it is shown that LFN in Si1-xGex pMOSFETs can be lower than that in conventional Si pMOSFETs. Moreover, in order to evaluate the trap density at the Si1-xGex/Si heterostructure interface, the noise power at bias conditions showing the maximum transconductance gmMAX is examined. At the bias conditions, drain current is confirmed to flow mainly in the buried Si1-xGex channel, but not in the surface Si channel. Surface generation current is also examined to evaluate the trap density at the interface between the gate oxide and the Si capping layer. The dependence of the noise power on dSiGe and Ge fraction corresponds well to that of gmMAX, but not to that of the surface generation current. It is concluded that the noise characteristics at the gmMAX bias conditions reflect the trap density at the Si1-xGex/Si heterostructure interface, and correspond well to gmMAX behavior.


The Bavarian state election of 28 September 2008 produced the greatest surprise in Bavarian politics for 46 years. This report examines the results of this 'earthquake' election in the context of past results and recent developments. It analyses the underlying voting behaviour and the longer term significance of the election for both the Bavarian and the federal party systems. Has the hegemony of Bavaria's dominant party reached the end of an era?


The polymer stud grid array (PSGA) is a new type of package, developed by Siemens and Imec. One of the important topics is to provide customers with reliability aspects of this new package. A thorough thermal study of the PSGA is needed to fully thermally characterize the package. One of the topics in thermal characterization is the development of a boundary condition independent steady state thermal compact model. However, this paper is not dealing with the detailed develop- ment of this model, but with the validation of it with thermal exper- iments. In order to validate the compact model, transient thermal experiments are performed. Both thermal impedance curves, one resulting from transient experiments and another from finite ele- ment simulations, have to overlap. In order to achieve the overlap- ping of these curves, fine-tuning of material properties, geometry parameters and boundary conditions in the FE model is realized. Having now a validated FE model, the compact model derived from it is then validated as well. In order to perform the experiments the PSGA is mounted on a thermal test board. A transient experiment consists of applying a power pulse to the assembly and monitors the temperature increase of the junction. The result of a transient experiment is the thermal impedance curve. The first short time period response gives information about the package or PSGA. After this period the influence of the board and boundary conditions becomes visible. Experiments are performed in different environments. A first environment is the Jedec box, which simulates a still air environ- ment. In still air, cooling is possible only through natural convec- tion. This results in a rather high steady state thermal resistance. The same experiments are repeated on a single cold plate, as well as with the submersed double jet impingement method (SDJI). Es- pecially SDJI provides very high cooling conditions, which result in a much lower steady state thermal resistance. Index Terms—Packaging, polymer stud grid array (PSGA), submerged double jet impingement method (SDJI), thermal impedance, transient thermal measurements, thermal characteri- zation.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate attitude towards using systemic chemotherapy near the end of life for cancer patients.

METHODS
This retrospective study comprised data of all patients who died with cancer at the Medical Oncology Department of the National Oncology Centre, Muscat, Oman, from January 2009 to December 2011. The records were retrieved from the electronic patient record system of ALSHIFA, Royal Hospital. Demographic data, chemotherapy at end of life, performance status, 'do not resuscitate' status, hospitalisation, and chemotherapy toxicity were analysed.

RESULTS
The mean age of the 261 patients in the study was 52.3 +/- 14.52 years. Ninety-two (35%) patients did not receive chemotherapy in the last 3 months of their lives. Chemotherapy administered at end of life was 169 (65%), 126 (48%), and 75 (29%) in last 3 months, one month and 2 weeks of life. Those who received more than 3 lines of chemotherapy were 66 (36%).

CONCLUSIONS
The end-of-life use of chemotherapy should always be carefully discussed. The patient's right to information should be honoured. The transition from active to best supportive care should be carefully guided.


Emphasis in the Junior High School of Owensboro is put upon the providing of social outlets. Even the ratings of pupils are published in the school paper. The school has a "business district"—and the home room is a home.


This is a humanistic study to trace phenomena logically the comprehensive therapeutic mechanism of the human body which is coded by the smart emotion of the rated signal conveyed by the Rated Sijo. The Gestalt, which is structured in the form of therapeutic metastasis conveyed by sentences, is intended to embody the principle of human response. So, this researcher explored the metastatic structure toward Gestalt of original human being through the passage of foreground and background by ergonomic and chemical structure. In the meantime, this researcher focused on revealing the structure of the field of existence by the symbol system in which the therapeutic mechanism of the human body is embodied. As a result, the basic framework of Gestalt literary therapy, which contributes to the improvement of the Quality of Life metaphorized as a mechanism of the symbol system by the metastasis of literary therapy or the electrical operation of the human body. As a result, the human body as a conductor through literature has turned out to be an original Gestalt structure pursued by literature. In addition, it was analyzed that the human body would accept signals such as emotions and Rated Emotions planted in the sentence, and synapse them into the human physiological psycho analytical symbol system. Therefore, it has been confirmed possibility that human existent environment and trauma are separated from the whole universe can push fully implement therapeutic techniques toward totalization by a combination of literary devices, especially appropriate electric signal combination of the Rated Sijo.


This article has for objective to present the proposal of Heidegger of the poetry as a way for the return to the original experience of the thought. Two angles of analysis are presented carried through by Heidegger on the abandonment of this experience. The first one is the emptiness of the thought caused for the triumph of the technique in the modern society. As it is the apparent triumph of the linguistic nominalism in the first half of century XX. For it, only the poet, and not it scientist or the administrator of the State, is capable to make the experience of the dignity of the word.


List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: The Subject in Art 1 1. A Genealogy of the Subject in the Portrait 5 2. The Birth of the Social History of Art 25 3. The Subject at Risk: Jewish Assimilation and Viennese Portraiture 57 4. Art Photography, Portraiture, and Modern Subjectivity 83 5. Regarding the Subject in Art History: An Epilogue 115 Notes 123 Bibliography 149 Illustration Credits 163 Index 167


Part I: The Nature of the Beast Chapter 1: An Introduction 3 Chapter 2: Are We Getting What We're Paying For? 9 Chapter 3: Where Does All Our Money Go? 17 Chapter 4: Into Thin Air 39 Chapter 5: The Healthcare Machine 53 Chapter 6: How and Why They Spin: Inside Key Wheels 63 Part II: Why the Machine Is Breaking Down Chapter 7: Too Many Parts 123 Chapter 8: Sand in the Gears 135 Chapter 9: Friction 183 Part III: How to Fix It Chapter 10: Defining the Desired Outcome 219 Chapter 11: Overhauling Payment for Healthcare Goods and Services 227 Chapter 12: Dumping Redundancy 263 Chapter 13: Blowing Sand Out of the System 271 Chapter 14: Lubricating Points of Friction 301 Chapter 15: Where Does the Money Come From? 323 Chapter 16: The End of an Era 331 Appendix: "Brief Strategy B" from the Federal Guidelines Regarding Smokers Who Report That They Are Unwilling to Quit 337 References 341 Index 359


In this paper, error analysis and alignment for the optical head of Near Field Recording (NFR) system are presented. Using optical systems analysis tool - CODEV, the NFR system are designed. After design, we fabricate the NFR system and test the reading & writing performance of the NFR system. The test results show that the reading & writing performance is not good enough. In order to find the cause of the performance drop in the NFR system, assembly tolerances of the optical head of NFR system are simulated. The simulation results show that the tolerance in the optical head of the NFR system is very tight. So in order to align the optical head within the tolerance limit, we design and fabricate an alignment system which can detect the RMS wavefront aberration and align the optical head. Before the experiment, we model the interferometer (by CODEV) and analyze the interference pattern trend. The interference patterns will be compared with the experiment results. The system can control the position of optical head of the NFR system using the pico-motor actuators and the capacitance type gap sensors. Using the system, we can align the objective lens and the solid immersion lens in 5-axis. Finally, we verify the alignment performance of the optical head using the alignment system. We can align the optical head within tolerance limit using the proposed system.


The Casimir and van der Waals forces acting between two metallic plates or a sphere (lens) above a plate are calculated, accounting for the finite conductivity of the metals. A simple formalism of surface modes is briefly presented which makes it possible to obtain a generalization of the Lifshitz results for the case of two semispaces covered by thin layers. Additional clarification of the regularization procedure provides the means to obtain reliable results not only for the force but also for the energy density. This, in turn, leads to the value of the force for the configuration of a sphere (lens) above a plate, both of which are covered by additional layers. The Casimir interaction between Al and Au test bodies is recalculated using tabulated optical data for the complex refractive index of these metals. The computations turn out to be in agreement with perturbation theory up to fourth order in the relative penetration depth of electromagnetic zero-point oscillations into the metal. The disagreements between the results recently presented in the literature are resolved. The Casimir force between Al bodies covered by thin Au layers is computed, and the possibility of neglecting spatial dispersion effects is discussed as a function of the layer thickness. The van der Waals force is calculated including the transition region to the Casimir force. The pure nonretarded van der Waals force law between Al and Au bodies is shown to be restricted to a very narrow distance interval from 0.5 nm to (2\char21{}4) nm. More exact values of the Hamaker constant for Al and Au are determined.


Rian kurniawan. 142301620. 2018. The use virtual assistant application in teaching pronunciation ( An Experimental research at second grade of SMAN Krakatau Steel Cilegon)

This research is intended to obtain the empirical evidence about the effect of virtual assistant application in teaching pronunciation at the second grade of SMAN 2 Krakatau steel , the method of this research was a quasi-experimental research which classified as a quantitative research. The population of the research was 60 students from two classes. Purposive sampling technique was chosen by the research to determine the experimental class and the control class of the research. Each class consisted 30 students. Moreover, the research used a set of oral tests as the instrument of the research. The oral tests were conducted on the pre-test and the post-test. In the experimental class, the pronunciation teaching and learning were conducted by implementing the virtual assistant application, meanwhile, in the implementing the conventional teaching technique based on the lesson plan. Before doing the treatment, the researcher conducted the student were taught by using the virtual assistant application. at the end of the treatment, the researcher conducted a post-test. The result of the data analysis is using t-test the value of t_o (t_observation) was 3,9 the degree of freedom (df) = 58. In the degree significance 5% = 1,67 in degree of significance 1% = 2,39. After that the writer compared the data with t_t (t table) both in degree of significance 5% and 1%. Therefore t_o:t_t = 3,9 > 1,67 in degree of significance 5% and t_o:t_t = 3,9 > 2,39 in degree of significance 1%. is bigger than it means there is significance effect of using virtual assistant application in teaching pronunciation.
Keyword: Speaking, Virtual assistant application , Experimental research


Deviant behavior in China's current social transformation period, the tolerance of deviant behavior for people also quietly changed, in this article, based on the empirical data of CGSS2015, using SPSS data processing software from two aspects of individual and situational factors, explore its influence on the tolerance of deviant behavior, explore the different sex, different classes, different identity, different knowledge such as social public acceptance for certain accepted social norms, and behaviors in different degree of tolerance. The results show that gender, household registration and education level have significant influence on the tolerance of deviant behavior, while political identity and age have significant influence in a certain model.


The subject is the ill-posedness degree of some inverse problems for the transient heat conduction. We focus on three of them: the completion of missing boundary data, the identification of the trajectory of a pointwise source and the recovery of the initial state. In all of these problems, the observations provide over-specified boundary data, commonly called Cauchy boundary conditions. Notice that the third problem is central for the controllability by a boundary control of the temperature. Presumably, they are all severely ill-posed, a relevant indicator on their instabilities, as formalized by G. Wahba. We revisit these issues under a new light and with different mathematical tools to provide detailed and complete proofs for these results. Jacobi Theta functions, complemented with the Jacobi Imaginary Transform, turn out to be a powerful tool to realize our objectives. In particular, based on the Laptev work [Matematicheskie Zametki 16, 741-750 (1974)], we provide a new information about the observation of the initial data problem. It is actually exponentially ill-posed. AMS subject classifications: MASC 65N20, 65F22


A model is proposed to calculate the average probability and the average size of the localisation domain for an electron being localised at a given site in a Cayley tree lattice. The numerical results are presented in the limit of weak disorder in the case of the Cauchy distribution for site energies. Attention is paid to the states near the mobility edge in the localised regime. In particular, features exhibited in the linear-chain case are observed for the first time for higher dimensions.


In order to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on sex determination and yield, an experiment was conducted by spraying different hormonal combinations on medicinal pumpkin. Experimental treatments were included different concentrations of NAA (25, 75, 100, 125 mg/l), paclobutrazol (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l) and combination of growth regulators (NAA 25 mg/l + PBZ 50 mg/l), (NAA 75 mg/l + PBZ 100 mg/l), (NAA 100 mg/l + PBZ 200 mg/l), (NAA 125 mg/l + PBZ 300 mg/l), and control (no application of growth regulators). Growth regulators were applied on the plants by spraying at the –two-leaf and four-leaf stages. Results showed that spraying paclobutrazol and NAA caused increase in number of female flowers, fruits per plant, seeds per fruits, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per hectare, but the number of male flowers and ratio of male to female flowers were decreased compared to their values in control plants. The highest fresh and dried seed yield of pumpkin seed was obtained with 50 mg/l paclobutrazol.


The present invention relates to a wireless charging system with a boost converter and a transmission coil structure on a transmission side. The wireless charging system comprises a boost converter (150), a DC/AC inverter (160), and a transmission coil structure (170). The boost converter (150) boosts first DC voltage inputted in an input end to second DC voltage. The DC/AC inverter (160) receives the second DC voltage boosted from the boost converter and converts the same into AC power. The transmission coil structure (170) is electrically connected to the DC/AC inverter (160) and generates a time-varying magnetic field for wireless feed from the AC power. The first DC voltage and the second DC voltage of the boost converter (150) are maintained as predetermined fixing values. The transmission coil structure (170) is formed by spirally winding a wire around a magnetic sheet several times. The winding coil is formed in a circular shape having a predetermined inner radius, outer radius, pitch, and the number of turns. Moreover, the transmission coil structure may include a plurality of coil structures. The plurality of coil structures may be laminated on each other by allowing wires having different cross-sectional areas to be connected in series. The present invention provides user convenience.


6 Lacey JL, Henderson-Smart DJ, Edwards DA. A longitudinal study of early leg postures of preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1989;32:151-63. 7 Dubowitz L, Dubowitz V. The neurological assessment of the preterm and full-term newborn infant. London: William Heinemann Medical Publications, 1981. 8 Tabary JC, Tabary C, Tardieu C, Tardieu G, Goldspink G. Physiological and structural changes in the cat's soleus muscle due to immobilisation at different lengths by plaster casts. J Physiol (Lond) 1972;224:231-44. 9 Stewart AL, Hope PL, Hamilton P, et al. Prediction in very preterm infants of satisfactory neurodevelopmental progress at 12 months. Dev Med Child Neurol 1988;30: 53-63.


POSIT, MARS. J. L. Fastook, Climate Change Institute and Computer Science, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469, USA (fastook@maine..edu), J. W. Head, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA, D. Marchant, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA, D. Shean, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA.


Reaction of alkanes with bromine promoted by unactivated MnO2 gave the corresponding alkylbromides in excellent yield with good chemoselectivity. The MnO2 Could be easily recovered and reused. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


An important challenge for the future is focusing on sustainability in life and business. The three elements of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social), defined in 17 factors by the United Nations (UN) as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), may, therefore, be the main drivers of business competitiveness and opportunity recognition. The main aim of the article is to identify the awareness level of sustainability and sustainable development goals in the context of business opportunity areas by analysing the results of a survey of organisations in six countries (Finland, Slovakia, Italy, Austria, Spain, and Turkey). A multilingual questionnaire, administered in six participating countries, was used as a collection tool to determine the organisation's level of awareness regarding the SDGs. A research questionnaire was filled in by 238 respondents, providing a cross-cultural view of their attitudes, knowledge, and future interest in sustainability and the SDGs. The obtained results indicate differences in the approach to sustainability issues, the scope of knowledge, interest, competencies in sustainable development and SDGs, and the content of implementation of sustainability and SDGs in organisations in different sectors, regions and countries. Further statistical evaluation of the research hypotheses states the significant relationship between the two variables: sustainable strategy and the designation of a responsible employee in each organisation rs = 0.677 (α = 0.05). It is essential to eliminate the gap in the cross-cultural approach and knowledge in engaging with sustainable strategy and its implementation in current and future organisation activities in the context of sustainability and SDGs, in order to enhance opportunities for the growth of sustainability-focused entrepreneurship across different sectors and countries.


This paper considers a cognitive radio network where the licensed network, referred to as the primary user (PU) network, consists of a hierarchical structure in which multiple operators coexist in the same coverage area where each of the operators controls an exclusive set of frequency sub-bands. Unlicensed users, referred to as the secondary users (SUs), first send their requests to the operators, and can only access the sub-bands controlled by the operators that accept their requests. SUs are selfish and cannot exchange private information with each other. We model the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) problem of the SUs as a Bayesian game, referred to as the DSA game. We model the PU network as a forest where the roots represent the operators and the leaves represent the operators' sub-bands. We propose a novel forest matching market to model the interaction between the SUs and the PU network. In this market, a set of SUs can be first matched to a set of operators and the SUs matched to the same operator can then be matched to the corresponding sub-bands. We propose a distributed algorithm that results in a stable forest matching structure, which coincides with the optimal Bayesian Nash equilibrium of the DSA game. We prove that the Bayesian hierarchical mechanism associated with our proposed algorithm incentivizes truth-telling by SUs. Our algorithm does not require each SU to know the preference and conflict-solving rule of the PU network or the payoffs and actions of other SUs, and the complexity of each iteration in the worst case is given by O(L2N2K) where L is the number of operators, N is the maximum number of sub-bands of each operator, and K is the number of SUs.


The geologic conditions in Xiaowan hydropower station project are complicated. It is difficult to treat the side slope.The anchor cable project is the main part of strengthening side slope.In this article,authors discuss the questions emerged in left bank side slope anchor cable construction.The reasons inducing those questions are analyzed and countermeasures are given.Those questions include boring hole,grouting,knitting and layout strands,stretching,etc.By analyzing those questions,some conclusion is got,which may be useful to future similar projects.


This note extends the Brock and Durlauf (2001) model of discrete choice with social interactions to a setting with multiple locations. This generalization leads to a closed-form measure of the "social multiplier" akin to that of Glaeser, Sacerdote, and Scheinkman (2003). The dynamics of this multiplier expose the relationship between the aggregate social outcome and the strength of the social multiplier.


Fills a gap between the existing studies of proteins, which tend to be highly technical and geared toward the practicing protein chemist, and biochemistry textbooks, which focus on general principles. Scientists cover a dozen topics by presenting fundamental principles, an overview, and the practica


In this report daily ground-based measurements of vertical profiles of CO and H2O from 2002 are used to trace the vertical movement of air caused by the seasonally varying mean meridional circulation. In the spring (days 100-130) the estimated ascending velocity is found to vary with time and altitude from about between 250 m/day at 65 km altitude on day 100 to a maximum of similar to 450 m/day at 85-90 km altitude on day 130. In the late summer and fall the descending velocity goes from 0 (when the downwelling starts) to similar to 250 m/day at 75 km day 280. The mesospheric adiabatic temperature changes caused by the vertical movement of air are compared to mesopause temperature as estimated by the radiance of the Meinel band OH airglow.


The dislocation slip behaviors in GaN bulk crystal are investigated by nanoindentation, the dislocation distribution patterns formed around an impress are observed by cathodoluminescence (CL) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM). Dislocation loops, vacancy luminescence, and cross-slips show hexagonal symmetry around the 〈11-20〉 and 〈1-100〉 direction on c-plane. It is found that the slip planes of dislocation in GaN crystal are dominated in {0001} basal plane and {10-11} pyramid plane. According to the dislocation intersection theory, we come up with the dislocation formation process and the related mechanisms are discussed.


Intervalley mixing between conduction-band states in low-dimensional Si/SiGe heterostructures induces splitting between nominally degenerate energy levels. The symmetric double-valley effective mass approximation and the empirical pseudopotential method are used to find the electronic states in different types of quantum wells. A reasonably good agreement between the two methods is found, with the former being much faster computationally. Aside from being an oscillatory function of well width, the splitting is found to be almost independent of in-plane wave vector, and an increasing function of the magnitude of interface gradient. While the model is defined for symmetric envelope potentials, it is shown to remain reasonably accurate for slightly asymmetric structures such as a double quantum well, making it acceptable for simulation of multilayer intersubband optical devices. Intersubband optical transitions are investigated under both approximations and it is shown that in most cases valley splitting causes linewidth broadening, although under extreme conditions, transition line doublets may result.


According to the design and geological condition of Da-ping tunnel,numerical methods used to analyze the mechanical responses of tunnel with large cross section on surrounding rock condition of class Ⅲ.Then stress field 、meet an emergency field 、displacement field and mechanical responses of shotcrete and bolt support of different construction methods are studied,and base on compare synthetically step three branch excavating method is the rational construction of Da-ping tunnel surrounding rock condition of class Ⅲ.


In this paper we give the decomposition of a martingale under the sublinear expectation associated with a $G$-L'evy process X with finite activity and without drift. We prove that such a martingale consists of an Ito integral w.r.t. continuous part of a $G$-L'evy process, compensated Ito-L'evy integral w.r.t. jump measure associated with $X$ and a non-increasing continuous $G$-martingale starting at 0.


There are proposed a means of transportation, a user interface and a method for operating a user interface (1). The method comprises the steps of: - detecting a viewing direction of a user (2), - associating the viewing direction displayed at a predefined area a on a display device (3) scrollable display element (4), - detecting a scroll operation inducing user input and, in response, - performing a scrolling operation with respect to the scrollable display element (4), wherein a direction of the scroll operation is determined in dependence of the predefined range.


І. Introduction The present paper studies from a typological point of view the grammatical means for encoding a speaker's surprise at an unexpected real fact in Korean and Bulgarian. In the first section we examine the semantics of the phenomenon and present briefly a few approaches to it. The nest part is an attempt at a typological classification of languages on the grounds of the grammatical status of mirative forms employed by the respective language(s). The main aim is to discover and demonstrate the places of Bulgarian and Korean in such a typological classification and specify the similarities and differences in the grammatical means for expressing the speaker's astonishment. The third part focuses on the morphological patterns and types of marking specific for Bulgarian and Korean. It contains an overview of the grammatical system of the languages and some particular mirative uses.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a new collocation method for solving linear and nonlinear differential equations of high order as well as solving the differential equation on a very large interval. The new collocation method is based on a hybrid method combining the functions of the third kind Chebyshev polynomials and Block-Pulse functions uses. In the proposed method, the large interval of the problems is divided to small sub-intervals and in each sub-interval, collocation method converts the differential equation to a set of algebraic equations. Solving these algebraic equations yields an approximate solution of the differential equation on each sub-intervals. The proposed method is more accurate than the previous methods. Numerical examples show the capability and effciency of the presented method compared to existing methods.


The development of high-tech society, not least due to the widespread penetration into all areas of his life the latest advances in information technology. In modern society, the important role is played by high technology and modern means of mass communication. This article shows the role, nature and content of mobile social Internet services that currently serve as an effective means of mass communication business information exchange. Peculiarities of their application have been investigated at the present stage. Fundamental differences, advantages and disadvantages have been investigated. The prospects for further application and development have been stated.


Political communication is one of the important concepts in the distinction between ruled and managed. This concept deals with the relations of the parties in the process of obtaining power. Political communication is an important concept for power. Because the way to go to power is through successful communication with the voters. Information and messages shared between politicians and the public from face to face communication, mass media, print media to social media are evaluated within this framework. Political communication is a dynamic process. Because the feedback is in question after the message is transferred. Different methods and techniques can be applied to this process. Unlike traditional rallies, in an e-rally held in the presence of a few parties, guests and press members, it is possible to reach the participants by means of the technological infrastructure, internet network, periscope, instagram live broadcast, link etc. tools. In this study, the manner of implementation of the e-meeting, the conditions and possibilities of implementation, positive and negative aspects are discussed. In this respect, it is aimed to discuss a new concept from a theoretical point of view in terms of political communication. It was determined that the e-meeting will be used more in the coming years in the study.


In wireless communication peak to average power and channel estimation are important parameters which should be considered for efficient communication. At the receiver end, the signal is normally distorted due to channel interference and noise. In this paper we focus on complete analysis of PAPR and channel estimation in wireless communication. For this purpose we use discrete Fourier transform which has many application. In this paper we analyze the effect of increase in number of subcarrier on the performance of PAPR using discrete Fourier transform technique. The paper also describes how discrete Fourier transform can be used to remove the distortion from received signal. Our main motive is to improve the peak to average power ratio with the help of discrete Fourier transform approach. This will improve the power efficiency. All the mathematical equations and simulation for our analysis are done with the help of MATLAB software.


Chuan-shan discussed several times about Confucius' worrying when he encountered hexagram Bi (Adornment,22) in divination. By the image,statements and attribute of the hexagram,Chuan-shan explicated the differences between cultivation and adornment,setting forth "that which is closely related to heart/mind is called cultivation,and that which does not touch heart/mind is called adornment (of feelings)" and that "decorum corresponds to cultivation and governance to adornment". Basing on this vision,he forcefully and drastically critiqued Lao zi's assertion that rituals are nothing but the degradation of piety and sincerity and the head of chaos. He positively sheds light on the sage's Dao (Way) in using the spirit of hexagram Bi (Adornment) as rules for governance in two aspects:on one hand,man should transform the world under heaven according to the Dao of heaven and that of humanity; on the other hand,man should deal with human affairs by cultivation. These two aspects are reciprocal,which is still referential to daily life conducts and social governance.


The aim of this study is to find out whether the provision of situation awareness (SA) information is effective in reducing the transition time that the control authority is transited from automated driving to manual driving. In the level 3 automobile, the driver must remain in a fallback ready state in which he/she can drive at any time, so a human factor study of the driver's SA is required. Thirty-six drivers licensed performed three experiment scenarios with an automated driving feature activated. Participants were asked to enter some sentence with his/her smartphone in the automated driving section. Situation information was provided differently for each stage of the experiment using the iPad installed in the vehicle. We measured the driver's response time to the takeover request (TOR), the time to start the manual driving, and the stabilization time. We found that the time required to recognize and respond to TOR was reduced in the case of providing SA information. We recommend that level 3 automobile manufacturers design their vehicles to provide SA information to ensure the driver's safety.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.05% fluticasone propionate cream for treatment of neurodermatitis and eczema compared with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream.Methods Seventy-three patients with neurodermatitis and eczema were treated with 0.05% fluticasone propionate cream in study group or with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream in control group.Results The effective rate in 0.05% fluticasone propionate cream group was 89.5% after 2 weeks of treatment and that in control group was 68.6%.There was a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).There were few adverse effects in both the groups.Conclusion 0.05% fluticasone propionate cream is effective and safe in the treatment of neurodermatitis and eczema.