Cementitious materials, together with other materials, are being considered to seal a potential repository at Yucca Mountain. A concern with cementitious materials is the chemical and mineralogic changes that may occur as these materials age while in contact with local ground waters. A combined theoretical and experimental approach was taken to determine the ability to theoretically predict mineralogic changes. The cementitious material selected for study has a relatively low Ca:Si ratio approaching that of the mineral tobermorite. Samples were treated hydrothermally at 200{degrees}C with water similar to that obtained from the J-13 well on the Nevada Test Site. Post-test solutions were analyzed for pH as well as dissolved K, Na, Ca, Al, and Si. Solid phases formed during these experiments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X- ray diffraction. These findings were compared with predictions made by the geochemical modeling code EQ3NR/E06. It was generally found that there was good agreement between predicted and experimental results.


the data for this study was gathered through a random stratified geographic sample from all residential areas of provo the study was based on 84 completed questionnaires which were k r gathered on the basis of a broad socioeconomic cross economi section all of the questions were open ended and included the drawing of mental maps of residents images of provoe the data was analyzed on the basis of respondent ndents areas of residence age length of residence in provo and religious background the purpose of the study was to focus on the visual perception of prove o utacht h as seen by its residents the study attempted to discover the general image of the city held by its inhabitants including some of the more distinctive areas and parts of this image boundaries 9 feelings toward the central business district and traffic routes f COMMITTEE APPROVAL furj l ricnardh jackstn70ohnittee chairman Chair


There are many researches to build up ubiquitous environment by the Ubiquitous Sensor Network(USN). These applications, such as home network, health care, natural environment and agricultural areas, are implemented by an embedded system. Their fields are gradually spreading. However the power consumption in its implementation plays an important role on the surrounding environment of the wireless network. In this paper, we design low power processor based sensor node platform for agricultural applications. We also compare its some performance with existing products.


In order to estimate multiple structures without prior knowledge of the noise scale, this paper utilizes Jensen-Shannon Divergence (JSD), which is a similarity measurement method, to represent the relations between pairwise data conceptually. This conceptual representation encompasses the geometrical relations between pairwise data as well as the information about whether pairwise data coexist in one model's inlier set or not. Tests on datasets comprised of noisy inlier and a large percentage of outliers demonstrate that the proposed solution can efficiently estimate multiple models without prior information. Superior performance in terms of synthetic experiments and pragmatic tests is also demonstrated to validate the proposed approach.


PRISMA, in orbit since March the 22nd 2019, opened the user access in spring 2020. After one year, many hundreds of users have gained the capability to program new acquisitions or download image products from the online archive containing more than 67k datasets, under a quasi-open & free data policy and licensing scheme. During this time frame and despite the COVID-19 related difficulties, PRISMA performed normal operations delivering not only nominal verified quality data to users but establishing collaborations with other space agencies, in order to enable and support synergies with other hyperspectral missions. This paper describes the mission and the results achieved in this first period of full operational usage.


The importance of organic acids in plant metabolism is well established. Several investigations have dealt with the effect of nutrition on organic acids of leaf and fruit tissues (2, 3, 5, 13). In general, the effects of cations on the organic acids in leaf tissue are rather complex. For example, Cooil (1) found that the higher total acids associated with high K in expanding guayule leaves was largely accounted for by high citric acid levels, whereas in mature leaves high malic acid levels were associated with high Ca levels. In tung, oxalic acid formation is directly related to nitrate and Ca supply (3). Citric acid is the main acid in citrus fruits (8, 9) and the amount in the fruit is influenced by K nutrition (11). Approximately twice as much malic as citric acid, however, is found in citrus foliage and oxalic acid as insoluble Ca-oxalate occurs in even greater concentrations than malic acid in citrus foliage (10). The present study was concerned with a quantitative determination of oxalic, malic, and citric acids in Valencia orange leaf tissue grown with a wide range of Ca, K, and Mg. The objective was to determine what effect any one of the cations may have on the accumulation of the three acids in the leaf.


NEW MEDICO-HISTORICAL JOURNAL We are pleased to welcome the publication of the first volume (1981) of Dynamis. and anatomy and anthropology in the work of Oloriz (E. Arquiola). Very informative "Notes" and "Documents" sections are also included in the journal, in addition to book reviews. Papers are accepted We wish this new journal every success. DENNY-BROWN NEUROLOGICAL COLLECTION Dr. Derek Ernest Denny-Brown, who died in April 1981, had been the James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. One of the pioneers in neurology, he was trained by a number of leading neurologists and neuroscientists, including Sir Charles Sherrington, Sir Gordon Holmes, and Sir Charles Symonds. His collection includes a number of communications (many of them handwritten) from these individuals, extending back to the 1930s, and Dr. Denny-Brown's own manuscripts and original papers. Some twenty-five letters regretting absence but expressing keen interest in the Society had been received. Those present represented medical, dental, and allied professions and the spectrum of interest promised well for the future of the Society. The Chairman, W. H. Valentine, thanked everyone present for their interest and all who had contributed to 208


The influences of Gd or Eu substitution on the local electronic density, lattice structure and the superconductivity are systemically studied by means of positron annihilation technique (PAT) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) for Y1−xRxBa2Cu3O7−δ (R=Gd, Eu; x=0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0) systems. XRD results show that all of the Y1−xRxBa2Cu3O7−δ samples have an orthorhombic phase as same as YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) sample. The positron annihilation experiments show that the mean positron lifetime increases with increasing Eu or Gd substitution content. The local electron density ne is evaluated as a function of the substitution content. The results indicate that the substitution ions in Y sites not only influence the local electron density around Y ion, but also change the distribution of electron density around Cu‐O chains. These results prove that the changes of ne, the degree of orthorhombic distortion and the coupling between the Cu‐O chains and the CuO2 planes all have an effect on the superconductivity of Y1−xRxBa2Cu3O7...


Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterised by oral and ocular dryness related to lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands.1–3 Extra-glandular manifestations may include fatigue, musculoskeletal pain and glomerulonephritis.1,3 SS can present as primary SS (pSS) or as SS associated with another autoimmune disorder (SS+AID).1 Reported prevalence of pSS in the French general population is 1.02–1.52 cases/10,000 people.3To estimate prevalence, incidence and healthcare costs of SS in France using national health insurance claims data.Claims from 2011–2018 from the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), comprised of data from 99% of the French population, were analysed. Patients (pts) with SS were identified using an algorithm.4 Inclusion criteria: International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code M35.0 (Sicca syndrome [Sjögren]) or M35 (other systemic involvement of connective tissue), and ≥2 drug reimbursements for SS-related treatments. Key exclusion criteria: amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, HIV, and head and neck radiotherapy. Denominators for estimated prevalence rates were derived from French population census data. Healthcare costs were based on Assurance Maladie rates.23,152 pts with pSS and 15,462 with SS+AID were identified during the study period. Estimated prevalence of SS (2011–2018) per 100,000 persons ranged from 22–32 (pSS) and 17–22 (SS+AID) and was stable over time; proportion of female pts was 90–91% (pSS) and 92–93% (SS+AID); mean age ranged from 63–66 (pSS) and 58–63 (SS+AID) years. Estimated incidence of SS (2012–2018) per 100,000 persons ranged from 4.1–0.3 (pSS) and 2.1–0.1 (SS+AID); proportion of female pts was 76–87% (pSS) and 74–90% (SS+AID); mean age ranged from 53–64 (pSS) and 50–62 (SS+AID) years. RA was the most frequently associated autoimmune disorder (32%) in pts with SS+AID. In the first year, artificial tears was the most frequently reimbursed drug (66% [pSS], 55% [SS+AID]), followed by hydroxychloroquine (19% [pSS], 35% [SS+AID]). From 2014–2018, ~30% of men and ~22% of women with pSS reported no drug reimbursement; ~20% of men and ~15% of women with SS+AID reported no drug reimbursement during the same time frame. From 2013–2018, ~50% of all pts had consultations with a dentist or an ophthalmologist. Mean healthcare costs increased over the study period: from €5836 to €9618 (pSS) and €8905 to €13,271 (SS+AID). Pt characteristics and healthcare consumption data are presented (Table 1).Prevalence of pSS in this French claims data study was stable over time and consistent with previous reports.3 Based on these results, SS may be considered an orphan disease. Overall costs for pts with SS were higher than previously estimated.5 Results may help inform and optimise specialist care for pts with SS in France.[1]Patel R, Shahane A. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6:247–255.[2]Mariette X, Criswell LA. N Engl J Med 2018;378:931–939.[3]Maldini C, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014;66:454–463.[4]Devauchelle Pensec V, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019;71(suppl 10):abstract 1101.[5]l'Assurance Maladie. Améliorer la qualité du système de santé et maîtriser les dépenses. July 2019.Table 1.Characteristics and healthcare consumption data for pts with SS in the SNDS (2011–2018)pSSSS+AIDAge at disease onset, overall and by sexM (n=2515)F (n=20,637)All (n=23,152)M (n=1350)F (n=14,112)All (n=15,462)Mean (SD)62 (15)60 (15)60 (15)59 (14)56 (15)56 (15)Age, yrs, n (%)<50480 (19)4948 (24)5428 (23)328 (24)4507 (32)4835 (31)50–741471 (59)11,567 (56)13,038 (56)852 (63)7887 (56)8739 (57)≥75564 (22)4122 (20)4686 (20)170 (13)1718 (12)1888 (12)Healthcare consumptionMean (IQR) no. prescriptions for treatment of interest37 (9–58)52 (20–78)≥1 Schirmer's test, n (%)2409 (10)1303 (8)Reimbursement for antinuclear antibody test, n (%)13,312 (58)9587 (62)Mean no. dental reimbursements/yr21Mean no. ophthalmologist reimbursements/yr11F=female; IQR=interquartile range; M=male; yr=year.This study was sponsored by Bristol Myers Squibb. Professional medical writing assistance was provided by Lindsay Craik at Caudex and was funded by Bristol Myers Squibb.Raphaèle Seror Consultant of: Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fresenius Kabi, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Laurent Chiche: None declared, Guillaume Desjeux: None declared, Joe Zhuo Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Bruno Bregman Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Virginie Vannier-Moreau Shareholder of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Employee of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Valerie Devauchelle-Pensec Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Roche-Chugai.


Objective To study the effects of three anesthetics which was ethyl carbamate, pentobarbital sodium and chloral hydrate on contractility of isolated uterus smooth muscle in mice. Methods The routine method was adopted to prepare the mouse isolated uterus smooth muscle. The smooth muscle contraction curve was recorded in different conditions by BL-410 Biological Experimental System. The contracting frequency and contracting intensity were measured and the motility index was counted. Results The three anesthetics all inhibited the contracting frequency and intensity and motility index of isolated uterus smooth muscle, which were recovered after the anesthetics were retreated. Chloral hydrate had the strongest effect and the pentobarbital sodium had the least effect on motility index of isolated uterus smooth muscle. The former need the longest time and the latter need the shortest time to recover contractility. And the recovery rates of contracting intensity and motility index were highest. All the three anesthetics possessed dose-effect relationships on the inhibition rate and the recovery rate. Conclusion In the experiments about animal isolated uterus, pentobarbital sodium should be the most appropriate anesthetic.


The principal topic in this article is developing online business areas in which multi-media technique is used to imitate the business transactions in real situations.The practice of imitating is put with the explanation of the basic theories of electronic commerce,the processs of system-developing,the building of web sites and the process of imitating transactions online.The Web site building is analysized from the point of teaching which helps to carry out the teaching plans.By introducing the mode of case-discussing ,this system features the combination of being interactive and systematic,and puts study and discussion together,which succeeds in realizing the combination of teaching,studying and practicing.


Introduction Metastasis to genital tract are rare and usually secondary to breast and gastrointestinal malignancies. Vulvar and vaginal metastasis from Colon cancer are extremely rare with few cases reported in the litterature. Our case is unique because of simultaneous metastasis from sigmoid carcinoma to the vulva and vagina. It is to our knowledge the first case with this simultaneous localization of colorectal carcinoma. Case Report We present a case of 50-year-old woman with history of an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid evolving since 2016 with liver metastasis. She underwent a sigmoidectomy without metastasis resection, followed by chemotherapy with folfox then LV5FU. After one year she presented with a vaginal bleeding associated to a vulvar mass. Clinical exam showed an enlarging firm not well defined and bleeding mass of the left labia major infiltrating the underlying tissue. Gynecologic exam showed a rigid and irregular mass infiltrating vaginal wall. The rest of the exam was normal. Tumors' markers were negative. MRI and Ct scan showed a liver progression and vulvar mass infiltrating the vagin. Biopsy of the vaginal and vulvar masses concluded to a metastasis from the initial sigmoid tumor. The multidisciplinary meeting agreed to pursue the treatment with folfiri chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the patient passed away few months later. Conclusion vulvar metastasis counts for 2 to 8% of vulvar tumours. This case is unique because it reports a simultaneous localization to the vulva and vagina from colorectal carcinoma which is to our knowledge the first case in the literature.


Previously, a stable cell suspension of cucumber tolerant to 100 µM CdCl 2 was obtained (Gzyl & Gwóźdź, 2005, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 80: 59–67). In this study, the relationship between the activity of antioxidant enzymes and cadmium tolerance of cucumber cells was analyzed. A cad-mium-sensitive and the cadmium-tolerant cell lines were exposed to 100 µM and 200 µM CdCl 2 and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) were determined. In the sensitive cell line, a decrease of total activity of SOD and POX was observed, whereas the activity of CAT and APOX significantly increased in metal-supplemented medium. By contrast, in the tolerant cells, the total activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased (SOD, CAT) or was maintained at approximately the same level (APOX, POX). Moreover, a different pattern of isoenzyme activity was observed in the tolerant and sensitive cells. These results suggest that an enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes is not directly involved in the increased tolerance to cadmium of the selected cucumber cell line.


The clustering problem, in its many variants, has numerous applications in operations research and computer science (e.g., in applications in bioinformatics, image processing, social network analysis, etc.). As sizes of data sets have grown rapidly, researchers have focused on designing algorithms for clustering problems in models of computation suited for large-scale computation such as MapReduce, Pregel, and streaming models. The k-machine model (Klauck et al., SODA 2015) is a simple, message-passing model for large-scale distributed graph processing. This paper considers three of the most prominent examples of clustering problems: the uncapacitated facility location problem, the p-median problem, and the p-center problem and presents O (1)-factor approximation algorithms for these problems running in Õ (n/k) rounds in the k -machine model. These algorithms are optimal upto polylogarithmic factors because this paper also shows Ω (n/k) lower bounds for obtaining poly(n)-factor approximation algorithms for these problems. These are the first results for clustering problems in the k -machine model. We assume that the metric provided as input for these clustering problems in only implicitly provided, as an edge-weighted graph and in a nutshell, our main technical contribution is to show that constant-factor approximation algorithms for all three clustering problems can be obtained by learning only a small portion of the input metric.


The paper presents an analysis of disability due to diseases of the nervous system in children in Moscow adjusted for the primary repetitive and general disability, gender and prevalence.


41 Background: Interest in CBO and wellness has increased due to concern about the impact of workforce wellness on the quality of care. Oncology CBO accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic and affected the entire health care system and workforce. We analyzed whether increased interest in CBO is reflected in research on the oncology workforce by reviewing abstracts submitted to the ASCO Annual Meeting between 2013-2022. Methods: We reviewed abstracts from the 2013-2022 ASCO Annual Meetings available from the ASCO Data Library. We limited our analysis to abstracts accepted to the Care Delivery and Regulatory Policy, Health Services Research, and the Professional Development & Education Advances tracks. Abstract titles and body text were searched for keywords related to CBO, and a manual review was conducted to ensure match validity. A Poisson regression was used to estimate the annual rate of change. Results: Of the 48,761 abstracts submitted to the ASCO Annual Meeting between 2013-2022, 4,843 abstracts were submitted to the tracks of interest. The keyword search and subsequent manual review identified 53 abstracts related to CBO (1.1% of relevant track submissions, and 0.1% of all abstract submissions). 4 (8%) abstracts flagged for CBO terms were submitted in the first 5 years of the time-period (2013-2017), while 49 (92%) abstracts were submitted in the last 5 years of the time-period (2018-2022). From 2013-2022 there was a 34.1% annual increase (95% confidence interval: 18.1%, 54.1%) in CBO related abstracts submitted to the tracks of interest. Of those submitted between 2021-2022, 30% (n=8) were related to the impact of COVID-19 on CBO. Between 2013-2022, 53% of all abstracts and 72% of health service track abstracts submitted to the ASCO Annual Meeting were submitted by US-based authors. Of the 53 CBO abstracts identified between 2013-2022, 72% (n=38) were written by US-based authors. Conclusions: CBO-related research submitted to the ASCO Annual Meeting increased between 2013-2022 with a predominant share originating from US-based researchers. This reflects the growing concern in the U.S. health care system around workforce wellness and the potential negative impact of CBO on the quality of patient care. Importantly, the factors contributing to CBO existed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, including institutional and system-level burdens. The COVID-19 pandemic likely accelerated this existing trend as demonstrated by the increase in abstract submissions on CBO in recent years. [Table: see text]


In the scenario of lunar origin in which the Moon is assumed to have accreted most of its mass while in orbit about the Earth, ismals on the accrea knowledge of the relative impact rates of heliocentric planetting Earth and Moon is essential for any attempt to establish dynamical constraints on lunar origin. Numerical integrations of the regularized equations of motion for four bodies (Sun, Earth, Moon, planetismal) were done. A planetismal impact trajectory was calculated by assuming that the planetismal has hit the surface of the Moon at an assumed location, traveling in an assumed direction, and with an assumed impact speed. Next, the equations of motion were numerically integrated backward in time in order to determine from where the planetismal has come. In this way those volumes in heliocentric orbital element space which contribute trajectories that directly impact the Moon.


In this paper, we investigate the channel estimation algorithm for medium-voltage, long haul power line communication (PLC) system in the IEEE 1901 standard. To improve the overall performance, we employ a dual Gaussian interpolation method working on the amplitude and phase domain simultaneously, a major difference from the conventional schemes using the real and imaginary part. Meanwhile, to mitigate the effect of impulsive noise, a notorious impairment in PLC transmission, we propose an impulsiveness detection/cancellation method using unused null subcarriers. Extensive simulation results indicate improved performance than the conventional interpolators in an impulsive environment. The channel models proposed by the open power-line communication European research alliance (OPERA) are utilized for simulation. The hardware architecture is also presented together with its achievable performance.


The most distinguished actor among Charlie Chaplin's children, Geraldine Chaplin has created a striking performative presence across international cinema. In shifting cinematic contexts and through collaborations with major film directors, she playfully evokes the memory of her iconic father, while establishing her own distinctive screen art. Geraldine Chaplin: The Gift of Film Performance is a long-overdue appreciation of Chaplin's remarkable screen achievements, and includes close readings of her performances in films such as Doctor Zhivago, Peppermint Frappé, Cría cuervos, Nashville, Welcome to L.A., Remember My Name, Noroît, Chaplin, Talk to Her, and more.


Cloud computing is becoming a very popular way to outsource data storage, services or even infrastructure. Clouds are large network data centers that make use of virtualization technology, thus enabling dynamic scalability and , from user's perspective, apparent infinite resources. Clouds host services in virtual machines that are isolated from one another and can be migrated within or between data centers. Virtual service migration is used in case of failure or disaster, resource optimization issues, maintenance and to reduce network costs. This thesis work shows how virtual service migration affects state-of-the-art anomaly detection that can be used to detect malicious activity, such as Distributed Denial of Service attacks. Using data from actual services, anomalous traffic is analyzed with and without migration in different scenarios. The scenarios cover different types of anomalies, i.e. attacks, variations of anomaly intensity and variations of size of migrated services. All these parameters affect how much virtual service migration influences anomaly detection results. Our results show that, in some cases, virtual service migration can be incorrectly detected as an anomaly, i.e., an attack. To mitigate this, one could adjust detection parameters such as the anomaly score threshold to reduce the number of incorrectly detected attacks. However, this introduced the risk of not detecting genuine attacks. This finding brings into question the reliability of state-of-the-art anomaly detection techniques when applied in the cloud, pointing to the need for further investigation in this important area.


This paper examines re-training transition processes as a basis for understanding adult learning and career change. The paper distinguishes between frame breaking and incremental change, describes learning methods associated with these levels of change, outlines phases of the transition process, and considers the relationships between degrees of change and likely coping styles during the transition phases. Variables reflecting career motivation and situational support are predicted to affect the transition process under different degrees of change. The concepts discussed here can be used as a basis for diagnosing situational conditions and individual characteristics to design more effective learning methods in organizations.


Review of: Becoming the News: How Ordinary People Respond to the Media Spotlight, Ruth Palmer (2018)New York: Columbia University Press, 280 pp.,ISBN 978-0-23118-315-4, p/bk, USD 35.00,ISBN 978-0-23118-314-7, h/bk, USD 105.00,ISBN 978-0-23154-476-4, ebk, USD 34.99


Objective: In-vitro study, the effect of zinc sulfate on healing ulcers is being shown but it is a limited study which has been done to demonstrate the effect of zinc sulfate on peptic ulcer in human. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc sulfate on healing peptic ulcer disease. Methodology: This was a double blind randomized clinical trial in which patients who were referred to endoscopy clinic in Sanandaj Besat hospital were included. Patients were allocated to intervention group (n=46) and control group (n=58) at random. All patients received standard treatment for ulcer containing Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Omeprazole and Bismuth. For intervention group one zinc sulfate capsule (220 mg) was added to treatment regimen (one capsule on alternate day). After four weeks, endoscopy was repeated again. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and x², Fisher exact and T test were used for analysis. Results: There was no difference between intervention and control group in the same factors like smoking, alcohol, NSAID drugs consumption and the size of ulcer. Mean size of ulcers in intervention and control group before treatment were 24.6 (±17.7)mm and 22.5 (±21.2)mm respectively. The mean percentage size reductions of ulcer in intervention and control group after treatment were 92 (±14) percent and 89.4 (±16.4) percent which did not illustrate significant difference in two groups. Conclusion: This study confirms that zinc sulfate with the dosage of 220 mg on alternate days doesn't have significant effect on peptic ulcer healing. More studies with higher doses needs to be undertaken to determine effective dose of zinc.


With the increased importance of the Dutch countryside as a setting for leisure activities, the rel evance of resident appreciation of the surrounding landscape has increased. GLAM can predict this appreciation based on nationally available GIS data. Version 2 of the model (GLAM-2) was calibrated using attractiveness ratings from a national survey. Of the six initial indicators, four – namely Naturalness, Historical distinctiveness, Skyline disturbance, and Urbanization – made a significant predictive contribution. The final model was evaluated using data from another Dutch survey of landscape appreciation. GLAM-2 explained 47 % of the variance in the average appreciation rating of 52 areas. Given that the landscape's quality as assessed by experts clearly differs from its attractiveness to lay people, GLAM-2 constitutes a useful tool for policy makers and spatial planners who are interested in local resident appreciation. The model is, however, open to improvement.


Trachypteryx electrica sp. nov. is described from West Kazakhstan. The new species significantly differs from other species of the genus Trachypteryx Ragonot, 1893 in the female genitalia: the ductus bursae is strongly reduced and the diverticulum is absent. Two species of the subgenus Bazaria Ragonot, 1887 of the genus Gymnancyla Zeller, 1848, G. turanica sp. nov. and G. latialata sp. nov., are described from the Kyzylorda Province of Kazakhstan. Christophia constricta sp. nov. is described from the same locality. The male and female genitalia are illustrated for all species described.


In this research work, natural adsorbent Syenite, which is found in Botaw Mountain, between Kadetchin and Yenattha Village, Mandalay Division, has been used for sorption studies on toxic heavy metal (Cd2+). Experimental study was carried out under several variables including the initial concentration (2-10 ppm), the amount of sorbent (0.05- 0.3 g), contact rate (200 rpm per min) and the pH (6) to indicate the optimum point and the removal efficiency of the sorbent. The experimental results were analyzed by using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The percent removal of cadmium on Syenite was found to be 50.62% with initial metal ion concentration 10 ppm at 0.1g/100ml of syenite. On the basic of dosage and concentration methods, it was found that the experimental result agreed to both Langmuir and Freundlich equations.
KEYWORDS: Syenite, Cadmium, Langmuir and Freundlich equation, adsorbent, removal efficiency


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that subjective well-being and adaptability are linked to adaptive educational outcomes, including higher achievement and lower anxiety. It is not presently clear, however, how school-related subjective well-being and adaptability are related, or predict behavioural outcomes such as student conduct.

AIM
The aim of the present study was to test a bidirectional model of school-related subjective well-being and adaptability, and how they relate to achievement and behavioural conduct.

METHOD
Data were collected from 539 Year 12 students over four waves. Achievement and behavioural conduct were measured in the first wave of data collection (T1 ), school-related subjective well-being and adaptability at the second and third waves (T2 and T3 ), and achievement and behavioural conduct again in the fourth wave of data collection (T4 ).

RESULTS
A structural equation model showed that T2 school-related subjective well-being predicted higher T3 adaptability, but not vice versa. T3 school-related subjective well-being predicted greater T4 achievement and positive behavioural conduct, and T3 adaptability predicted greater T4 positive behavioural conduct.

CONCLUSION
School-related subjective well-being promotes adaptability, achievement, and positive behavioural conduct, and adaptability is also related to positive behavioural conduct. Attempts to foster well-being and adaptability could show educational gains for students.


| The objective of the current study was to estimate the relationship between endogenous serum testosterone hormones and agonistic behavior in male Japanese quail. Forty healthy adult Japanese quails (30 males and 10 females) were randomly distributed into three experimental groups. The 1st group (G1, n= 10 males) was housed individually, the 2nd group (G2, 10 males and 10 females) was simultaneously housed in one cage, and the 3 rd group (G3; n= 10 males) birds were housed together in a single cage. Serum testosterone concentration has been estimated alongside different behavioral (head banging, eyelid injuries, head plumage deterioration) and sexual (cloacal gland area, foam production, absolute and relative testes weight) traits. The results revealed that there was a highly significant difference (p ≤0.001) among males housing status on testosterone levels. Serum concentrations of testosterone were significantly (p ≤0.001) increased in males in G2 and G3 by 91.35 and 98.41 %, respectively than that of males in G1. In addition, the results demonstrated that highly positive correlations (p=0.01) were found between serum testosterone concentration and each of head banging, eyelid injuries and head plumage deterioration, and moderate positive correlations (p=0.225) with foam production. In contrast, negative correlations were found between testosterone concentration and each of absolute testes weight (p=0.294), and cloacal gland area (p=0.074). These results demonstrate that changing levels of testosterone in the blood may be due to male's status. The present results may provide a role of testosterone towards aggressive pecking behavior among males when kept lonely or with females.


Objective To investigate the renal protective effect of rhizoma dioscoreae pretreatment in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty SD rats(3~4 weeks old) were randomly assigned into normal control(group A,n=6),sham operated control(group B,n=6),intra-gastric pretreatment of Rhizoma Dioscoreae(group C,n=24),and placebo aseptic normal saline lavage pretreatment(group D,n=24).The rats in group C and D were pretreated with rhiizoma dioscoreae and placebo,respectively,for five days before being subjected to bilateral renal vascular occlusion for 45minutes.Six rats of each group were randomly euthanized for blood sampling and kidney harvesting at 2,12,24 and 48h after reperfusion.The blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(SCr) were measured with automatic biochemistry analyzer.The serum content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was determined with TBA methods.Renal morphologic changes were studied on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) stained sections.Renal tubular cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL method.PCNA positive renal tubular cells were detected immunohistochemically as proliferation index.Progenitor cells were identified as BrdU and Pax-2 double labeling cell and localized in the kidney by confocal microscopy.Results Scr,BUN and MDA levels in group C were significantly lower than those in group D at 12,24 and 48h after reperfusion.The tubular cell apoptosis was detected in the kidney at 2h after ischemia-reperfusion injury and reached the highest level at 12h.Renal apoptosis score in group C was much less than that in group D.There were more PCNA positive tubular cells in group C than those in group D,and BrdU and Pax-2 double labeling cells were localized in the renal tubules after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Conclusions Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury may result in significant histological damage and renal dysfunction.Rhizoma dioscoreae lavage pretreatment in rats results in the attenuation of oxidative damage and apoptosis,and enhancement of renal tubular cell proliferation.BrdU and Pax-2 double labeling cells were identified as progenitor cells participating in renal repair after ischemia-reperfusion injury.


A Keston resident has recently received a complimentary membership of the Council's garden waste collection service on becoming its 10,000th customer.


Thermal conductivity of the substrate affects the performance of high power RF devices. It is a dominant limiting factor in current state-of- the-art GaN HEMTs on SiC substrate. Due to high thermal conductivity, diamond substrate is an attractive alternative for GaN HEMTs. We have developed device quality GaN-on-diamond wafers using CVD diamond and fabricated 0.25 μm gate length HEMTs. We present detailed electrical and thermal results of the fabricated devices, which show RF power comparable to standard GaN-on-SiC HEMTs. We demonstrate over 25 % lower channel temperature for these devices compared to GaN-on-SiC devices. Electrical results using DC and RF tests and thermal results using IR thermography and micro-Raman spectroscopy are included.


The aim of the paper is the deduction of known nonlinear programming results by means of the differential geometry. At first the optimality conditions of single variable functions are generalized for minimization problems where the constraint set is a differentiable manifold so that first-and second-order optimality conditions can be obtained. Then the relation between these problems and the nonlinear programming problems will be examined.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to address the unresolved outcome of the research on the impact of dollarization on inflation by examining the partially dollarized economy of Eritrea. Design/methodology/approach - – Inflation under partial dollarization is modelled based on money demand and supply framework. Using quarterly data for the study period 1996Q1-2008Q4, estimation is based on a vector error correction model together with dynamic ordinary least square. Findings - – The results indicate that inflation increases as a result of an increase in dollarization. This applies to both the short-run and long-run estimations regardless of whether official or black market exchange rate data are used in the analysis. In terms of the short-run dynamics involved in the long-run relationship between dollarization and inflation, the speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium ranges from negative 7.2-7.6 percent per quarter. Research limitations/implications - – The main policy implication of the finding is that the extent of dollarization should not be overlooked in controlling inflation in the short run and the long run. Originality/value - – Despite a number of studies that examine the consequences of dollarization, the impact of partial dollarization on inflation in the Eritrean economy has never been addressed. This study, therefore, is original in its kind and resolves the controversial outcomes on the studies of inflation and dollarization by modelling inflation under partial dollarization, providing new evidence and revealing potential economic reasons for the discrepancies in the findings of the literature on partial dollarization.


Background: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Correlation between vitamin D deficiency and atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a subject of medical interest. Objectives: We studied the correlation between vitamin D deficiency, body mass index (BMI) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with anti tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy. Methods: Our study included 75 RA patients with anti-TNF-alpha therapy (Adalimumab, Influximab, Etanercept) and 30 RA patients with DMARDs (Methotrexate/Leflunomide). The patients were diagnosed with RA according to ACR/EULAR (2010) classification criteria. CIMT was measured using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography. CIMT ≥ 0.9 mm is considered as a marker of atherosclerosis. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OH-vitamin D level <20 ng/mL. Other parameters included are age, body mass index (BMI=18,5-24,9kg /m2- normal weight; BMI≥25kg/m2- overweight) and disease activity (DAS28<2.6: remission; DAS28=2.6-3.2: low disease activity, DAS28=3.2-5.1: moderate disease activity; DAS28>5.1: high disease activity). Patients with current use of vitamin D supplements were excluded. Results: The anti-TNF group included 29 patients with Adalimumab (38.7%), 25 with Etanercept (33.3%) and 21 patients in treatment with Infliximab (28%). Their mean age was 52.0 years. We evaluated patients at baseline and after 12 months with treatment. In anti-TNF group we found 9 patients (12%) with normal BMI and normal vitamin D level correlated with high CIMT (p=0.001), 21 patients (28%) with overweight and normal vitamin D level correlated with high CIMT (p=0.003), and 31 patients (41.3%) with overweight and low vitamin D level correlated with high CIMT (p=0.001). 14 patients (18.7%) with normal vitamin D level and normal weight (9) or overweight (5) were correlated with normal CIMT (p=0.01). In DMARDs group we followed the same correlation. Patients with normal BMI and normal vitamin D level had a low correlation with CIMT increase (p=0.01). Patients with overweight and low vitamin D level had a significant correlation with CIMT increase (p=0.003) than group with anti-TNF-alpha therapy. After 12 months of therapy, patients treated with Adalimumab had lower CIMT levels than patients treated with Etanercept. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF inhibitors and with vitamin D deficiency but with normal BMI have been correlated with lower increase of CIMT than patients with DMARDs therapy. Normal vitamin D level was associated with low increase of CIMT in these patients. Deficiency of Vitamin D associated with overweight are risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with RA. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Perovskite-type catalysts,LaFeO 3,LaFe 0.96 Pd 0.04 O 3,LaCoO 3 and LaCo 0.96 Pd 0.04 O 3 were prepared by co-preciptitation method.Catalyst structures have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD).Two oxygen species,α and β,have been found in temperature programmed reduction(TPR)experiments.Activity tests and TPR experiments indicated that oxidation activities of CO and C 3H 6 were related with α oxygen while oxidation activites of C 3H 8 were determined by both α and β oxygen.Palladium introduced in the structure of ABO 3 could promote the activity of β oxygen,then the three-way catalytic performance could be promoted remarkably.


Wayne D Hoyer, Rajesh Chandy, Matilda Dorotic, Manfred Krafft and Siddharth S Singh, 'Consumer cocreation in new product development', Journal of Service Research 13, no. 3, 2010.


The present paper describes eight species of Fissidens from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh.
Among these, Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. and F. palldinervis Mitt. are new records for Eastern
Ghats. F. crispulus Brid. and F. ceylonensis Dozy and Molk. are new records for Andhra Pradesh.


Experience of nonsurgical (conservative) treatment of complicated hemangiomas is presented. Aim. Study of experience of nonsurgical treatment of complicated hemangiomas in children. Material and methods. 3050 patients (2007–2014 years), among them 112 (3,67%) — complicated hemangiomas. Treatment methods. Laser and surgical removal, propranolol therapy with in-patient and out-patient phases. Results. Improvement in all cases, elimination of ulcers and bleeding events and other compression symptoms of hemangiomas. Clearance of ulcers was faster in propranolol-therapy group. Conclusion. Tactic of nonsurgical (medicamentious) management of hemangiomas is effective and safe; it is preferable for complicated hemangiomas. Key words: children, hemangioma, ulcer, bleeding, treatment, propranolol. (Onkopediatriya – Oncopediatrics. 2014; 4: 49-51)


Chexi sag is located in the south of Bohai Bay,it is a secondary tectonic unit of Jiyang depression.In this paper,the mechanism of HC migration downward has been studied on the basis of the analyzing results about the geologic characteristic combined with oil-source correlation,the distribution of effective source rock,allocation of source,reservoir and cap rock,reservoir forming dynamic and conduit system.The study results indicate that the source of Es3 is effective source rock in Chexi Sag,and the oil from source of Es3 migrated downward to the reservoir of Es4.It is considered that the main HC accumulating conditions are mud seals over source rocks,oil and gas migration downwards into reservoir under the oil source by overpressure of the oil source beds,and the good transmission system under source rocks are the better is the physical characteristic of reservoirs,the more easy the oil formed. There is a positive correlation between the downward HC migration distance and the overpressure of the oil source bed.Physical characteristic of reservoirs controlled the HC existence of reservoirs.The above concepts improve knowledge of hydrocarbon accumulation theory of Jiyang depression.It can be used for guiding the HC exploration in Bohai Bay.


Newcomer engagement or participation in the nonprofit sector has been shown to be an important pillar for upholding democracy, linked to voting behaviour and political participation; the creation of social capital; and enhancement of newcomer involvement in local decision making. This paper presents results of a study that focuses on two ways in which immigrant minorities have their interests represented in community decision-making: the first through the formation of ethno-specific voluntary organizations that represent their specific interests; the second via participation as leaders, board members and volunteers in 'mainstream' nonprofit and public organizations.

Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management

Citation


The present invention provides a plurality of types of the guide is controlled, based on the effective range of the guide, the priority control, and to suppress guided navigation device does not make sense. The navigation device has a plurality of guided guiding control unit controls, in accordance with the guidance control unit performs guidance based on the conditions set by the type of guide, the boot priority order and control, and according to the execution conditions of the guide, determines whether guide, change the boot of the implementation of the content. And a case where a plurality of sound guidance picture overlapping, low priority guidance for simple display, and a case where the guide departing from the effective range, to interrupt the boot, or not implemented Waiting guide display. Accordingly, while displaying a plurality of the guide, the guide is not displayed meaningless.


Using a semi structured questionnaire, a study of 88 out of 180 people enrolled in a ntiretroviral therapy (ART) clinical trial in,Africa was conducted to determine the voluntariness of their participation and their satisfaction with the consent process. Results revealed that participation was driven mainly by unmet health needs and participant reported benefits (free drug and tests). The absence of alternatives to access medical services has the potential to create ethical challenges to voluntary participation. Most of the participants saw the consent process as satisfactory; however, one has to wonder if the satisfaction might be based on the hope in the treatment being giving and/or on the trust they have in investigators and the institution. It is then of importance that research participants be given enough time to reflect on the information provided during the consent process before obtaining consent from them. Research participants from a developing country can be empowered to make autonomous decisions about participating in a study


Organization can never achieve sustainability until its employees not develop such consciousness about sustainability. Such consciousness includes knowingness, attitude and behavior regarding sustainability which can affect sustainability performance. This research has seen the impact of supply chain resilience on sustainability performance in mediating role of sustainability consciousness in Thailand's manufacturing sector. Managerial employees have been taken as unit of analysis as data has been collected from them through questionnaire. Respective data was then analyzed by applying CFA and SEM through AMOS and data screening through SPSS. Results have confirmed that supply chain resilience has significant impact on sustainability performance through sustainability consciousness dimensions. This study is unique and novel due to adding sustainability performance as new outcome of resilience driven sustainability consciousness. Implications of this study will add empirical evidence about sustainability consciousness and performance linkage and will also facilitate Thailand's manufacturing industry to train their employees to develop sustainability consciousness in them. Future research indications and limitations have also been given in this study.


The best way to support the writing and oral communication of multilingual students is through explicit listening and reading instruction. A recent study by Haan and Mallett (2016) tracked the academic progression of George Mason University international graduate pathway students and found that advanced receptive skills (i.e. reading and listening) are a higher predictor for long-term academic success than strong productive (i.e. writing and speaking) skills. This session will provide pedagogical tools for front-loading an integrated curriculum in order to enhance multilingual students' reading and listening skills across the disciplines. By making a pedagogical commitment to the teaching of reading for specific rhetorical elements, faculty will discover that students are able to produce more engaged writing with advanced summary and synthesis components, two skills that are necessary for most academic writing assignments required for graduate and undergraduate study. A companion tool will be shared during this session to demonstrate an approach to the teaching and learning of strategic listening necessary for active contributions to classroom presentations and peer-to-peer discussions. Beyond language skill development, both pedagogical strategies covered in this teaching demonstration expand students' access to content knowledge and enhance their facility with disciplinary discourse. For more information about Mason's diverse students:  https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/knowing-mason-students


Lateral diffusion behavior of two-dimensional carrier gas in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells was investigated using optical transient transmission measurements. A large ambipolar diffusion coefficient was observed, which was attributed to the enhancement by a strong piezoelectric field. This large ambipolar diffusion coefficient was found to increase with increased well width with a value on the order of 3000 cm2/s for a 62 A well-width sample.


Animals are integrated organ systems composed of interacting cells whose structure and function are in turn defined by their active genes. Understanding what distinguishes physiological and disease states therefore requires systemic knowledge of the gene activities that define the distinct cells that make up an animal. Towards this goal, this study reports the first single-cell resolution transcriptional atlas of a fertile multicellular organism: Caenorhabditis elegans. The scRNA-Seq compendium of wild-type young adult C. elegans comprises 159 distinct cell types with 18,033 genes expressed across cell types. Fewer than 300 of these genes are housekeeping genes as evidenced by their consistent expression across cell types and conditions, and by their basic and essential functions; 170 of these housekeeping genes are conserved across phyla. The 362 transcription factors with available ChIP-Seq data are linked to patterns of gene expression of different cell types. To identify potential interactions between cell types, we used the in silico tool cell2cell to predict molecular patterns reflecting both known and uncharacterized intercellular interactions across the C. elegans body. Finally, we present WormSeq (wormseq.org), a web interface that, among other functions, enables users to query gene expression across cell types, identify cell-type specific and potential housekeeping genes, analyze candidate ligand-receptors mediating communication between cells, and study promiscuous and cell-specific transcription factors. The datasets, analyses, and tools presented here will enable the generation of testable hypotheses about the cell and organ-specific function of genes in diverse biological contexts.


The National Department of Education has recently paid more and more attention to foster non- English majors' listening and speaking ability. Many higher vocational schools have offered College English Viewing,Listening and Speaking Course,but the teaching status is still insignificant. The key reason is because there isn't a reasonable and effective teaching quality monitoring and assessment system,which makes the course just a formality without real implementation. This paper puts forward a detailed teaching quality monitoring and assessement plan from the course features,hoping to improve the teaching quality and reach the real teaching aim of developing students' listening and speaking ability.


The present work seeks to understand the school life of two students with neuromotor disability, from the perspective of the educational professionals that support them at a mainstream primary school in the city of Esmeraldas, Minas Gerais. The rationale behind the subject's choice was our interest in understanding how primary school professionals deal with the challenges work with pupils with special educational needs present, in particular, one pupil that had suffered from myelomeningocele and another one had suffered perinatal hypoxia. To subsidize our study a number of readings, observations and interviews were conducted. Education professionals who maintained close contact with these pupils were selected. This small-scale study showed that education professional are ill-equipped and insecure when working with children with these specific limitations, besides revealing their "exclusion" in an environment that should belong to everyone.


Childbirth is a process of opening and thinning of the cervix and the fetus downinto the birth canal. One of the efforts made in order to make the process of childbirth stage 1 active phase smoothly especially for younger pregnant women and primiparous . theywere directed for the position that feels comfortable and helps them to accelarate the opening of the cervix and decrease head. There is also the advantage of squatting position is a natural position during childbrith because it utilizes the force of gravity,while the left tilted position is the blood circulation behind the mother can run smoothly.This study aims to determine the difference between a squat position and leaningto left position to accelerate the progress of the active phase of the first stage ofprimiparous in RSUD Taluk Kuantan.Method: This study uses True experimental research design with the design o wo ptretest-posttest design. The population is all inpartu in RSUD Taluk Kuantan. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique amounts to 30 people. The research instrument using the partograph.From all of the respondentsin get in as many as 15 getgive position in a squat and oblique position left 15 in give an oblique position left at get all respondents progress childbirth when i phase as many as 13 activite respondents. However statistical test the significance 0,014. In conclusion an oblique position left more effective against the acceleration of progress with the delivery phase when i turned on in mommy inpartu as opposed to the position of squat in rsud taluk kuantan. On advice at RSUD Taluk Kuantan  can choose a position at home that is the position of the most effective and speed up progress childbirth kala I. active phase


Introduction: In a world in which only measurable, supposedly logically-rationally justifiable measurements fulfil the criterion of science, there is not much room for topics such as spiritual healing. Spiritual healing does not follow the biochemical principles, which are generally regarded as the basis of life processes. And yet, despite all uniformity in medical-scientific thinking, many orthodox medical practitioners also have a residual doubt: The doubt as to whether living organisms such as humans and animals are primarily organic-morphologic systems, which are correspondingly based on logically justifiable "materialistic" methods such as operations, pharmaceuticals etc., or whether humans and animals are not much more easily but rather energetically-informationally animated and thus spiritual beings, which do not necessarily follow logical-rational laws and in which morphology is subordinated to the mind.


The invention discloses a battery pack and a control method thereof, and belongs to the field of power supplies. The battery pack comprises a plurality of series-connected battery packs, a plurality of acquisition circuits, a control circuit and a charging and discharging circuit, wherein the series-connected battery packs correspond to the acquisition circuits one by one; each of the series-connected battery packs comprises a plurality of battery cells which are connected in series in turn; each battery cell is connected with the input end of an acquisition circuit corresponding to the series-connected battery pack in which the battery cell is positioned; the anode of each of the series-connected battery packs is connected to the input end of the charging and discharging circuit in a parallel way while the cathodes are connected in parallel together; the output end of each acquisition circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the control circuit; and the output end of thecontrol circuit is connected with the input end of the charging and discharging circuit. The battery pack can protect the battery pack, prolong the service life of the battery pack, and improve the safety of the battery pack.


As the countries develops, large numbers of buildings are built, and energy consumption continues to increase. Since 2010, Ulan-Bator has had a shortage of energy. The tendency of winter peak loads to exceed the available capacity of the generators remain a pressing problem in the power industry. One of the solutions to save thermal energy is to increase the resource by reducing the heat loss of the building and enhance buildings insulation. Heat loads were calculated using the internationally recognized program designPH and Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). In this paper, the results of insulating the building walls from the outside are considered, and in addition, the possibility of reducing the negative impact on the environment is mentioned in the case of using renewable energy. In this research, thermal energy can be saved by 33.7% insulating the walls of the prefabricated building from the outside, and up to 50% by insulating the windows, roof, and floor.


Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants with potential risks to the environment and human health. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for determination of the antimicrobials virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin in poultry litter and soil. This method involves methanol extraction and clean-up of extracts through glass microfibre filters, introduction of the extracts and separation of compounds on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 column, and compound detection in a Quattro Micro Micromass spectrometer. For litter samples, Method Detection Limits ranged from 0.1–0.6 μg Kg− 1, while Limits of Quantitation (LOQs) were 2, 1, 0.4, 1 and 2 μg Kg− 1 for virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin, respectively. For soil samples calculated LOQs were 2, 3, 1, 1, and 1 μg Kg− 1 for virginiamycin, monensin, salinomycin, narasin and nicarbazin, respectively. Application of the LC-MS-MS method for detection of veterinary pharmaceuticals in litter collected from commercial poultry farms showed that compounds were present at concentrations ranging from 10–11,000 μg Kg− 1.


The article aims to contribute to the discussion about the assessment of post-graduation. Based on discussions held by the academic community in relation to the assessment of post-graduate adopted by CAPES, subsidies were searched for a policy that includes assessment of the diversity of knowledge produced. At the end some thoughts are presented on the challenges that are placed at the post-graduation and researchers to improve evaluation mechanisms.


In a small community in central Texas, a fifth-grade class studied about the Spanish missionaries who came to the "new world" to bring Christianity to the Indians. The teacher pointed to a textbook that showed the migration of missionaries to present-day California and other parts of the American Southwest. That night, while one of the students was reporting the lesson to his parents, his father asked, "Who were the missionaries?" The child seemed uncertain. "Where did they live?" the father continued. "Australia?" the child responded hesitantly. The child's confusion about who and where is not unusual, nor is the teacher's reliance upon a textbook for data. This particular event, however, serves as an example of a common failure to engage students in ways that would make their study more immediate and realistic. The irony is that this teacher failed to recognize the opportunity that lay within a few steps of the school. Less than a block away are the archaeological remains of an early Spanish mission. Students could have easily walked to the mission site, observed the artifacts displayed there, and speculated about the reasons for the mission's existence. They might have learned that the spring flowing nearby symbolically connects the past with the present, because the town still uses the spring employed two hundred years ago by missionaries. Many instructional activities might have been organized around that one location, yet that child will likely continue to think that missionaries (whoever they are) lived only in Australia (wherever that is)! The anecdote has a simple point. Teachers should not rely exclusively on textbooks and classroom-based activities to teach their


In this study, two identical 316LN stainless steel tubular samples, which had previously been polished and vacuum-fired and then used for the electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) experiments, were coated with Ti-Zr-Hf-V with different morphologies: columnar and dense. ESD measurement results after nonevaporable getter (NEG) activation to 150, 180, 250, and 350 °C indicated that the values for the ESD yields are significantly (2–20 times) lower than the data from our previous study with similar coatings on nonvacuum-fired samples. Based on these results, the lowest pressure and best long-term performance in particle accelerators will be achieved with a vacuum-fired vacuum chamber coated with dense Ti-Zr-Hf-V coating activated at 180 °C. This is likely due to the following facts: after NEG activation, the hydrogen concentration inside the NEG was lower than in the bulk stainless steel substrate; the NEG coating created a barrier for gas diffusion from the sample bulk to vacuum; the dense NEG coating performed better as a barrier than the columnar NEG coating.


The successful use of foreign protein injections for ocular disease dates from 1915, when it occurred to Schmidt 1 of Prague to use cow's milk for these injections. He chose milk because it was easy to procure and because the chemical composition of this animal secretion is a constant, whereas the composition of artificial preparations of proteins and their derivatives is subject to considerable variation. Since Schmidt's first report on the use of milk injections in ocular, as well as in general, disease, milk has been used in many thousands of cases by ophthalmologists, often with striking benefit. The literature is full of reports of good clinical results, and from personal experience we can heartily endorse the use of milk in certain kinds of ocular disease. There is no doubt of its efficacy in iritis, iridocyclitis and gonorrheal conjunctivitis, and as a prophylactic in infections of the eyeball following perforating


Shi Tao's "yi hua" theory has been the concern of artists, because he used Taoism thought to enrich his own theory, and he better understood the nature of arts which is close to the art in itself.At the same time, how to treat "established laws" and how to achieve the "being free from vulgarity", based on the thought of "etting things take their own course", Shi Tao emphasized personal subjectivity, encouraging the artists to express their ideas freely without sticking to the long-established laws, they must be initiative and creative, or there would be "obstacles in the laws".


Using interviews and document reviews this paper investigates the challenges and opportunities for community-based tourism in the Maldives.   It also highlights the importance and impacts of this approach. Despite the community is being widely considered in the tourism literature as a vital component in the development of the tourism industry, the self-contained resort tourism, for which Maldives is renowned, thus far has not paid much attention to the views and aspirations of the community members in the development and operation of resorts in the Maldives. Similarly, although since the early 2000s, the world tourism trends have been towards community-based tourism, resorts in the Maldives have not shown much interest to take heed of this trend. Nevertheless, realizing the need for a new paradigm for tourism development in the Maldives and consistent with the increasing calls for greater levels of local inclusion and participation in tourism enterprises, in 2010 the then government took the initiative of amending the Tourism Act (Law No. 2/99) to allow guest houses in inhibited islands, paving the way for a community-based approach to tourism. Over the last 5 years, the operational bed capacity of guest houses increased significantly. However, a weak regulatory framework, the current government's and tourism tycoons' willingness to provide for guest house operations, changing tax regime, discriminatory domestic airfares and a lack of public infrastructure in islands remain as main challenges for the growth and development of community-based tourism in the Maldives. In order to help trickle down the benefits of tourism to ordinary Maldivians living across the small islands of Maldives, there is a great need for devising policies and strategies to overcome the identified challenges and capitalize on the available opportunities. This paper endeavors to contribute to this domain.


The world has watched with horror while post-World War Two Yugoslav federalism, rationalized and reinforced with Marxist ideology and the political/philosophical debates creating and critiquing that federal political economy, has collapsed through ethnic strife, confrontation, declarations of independence, and finally the terrible chaos, destruction and death of war. With ethnic nationalism, hegemony and war destroying the federal Marxist socialist experiment, one realizes that this recent federalism and ideology was only an illusion of political unity built upon an historically inappropriate union of ethnic and religious identities following World War One. Ethnic hatred and irredentism created and manipulated by illegitimate and irresponsible political leadership and the rapidity of events leading to war came as a shock to me.


In this paper we apply statistical inference techniques to build neural network models which are able to explain the prices of call options written on the German stock index DAX. By testing for the explanatory power of several input variables serving as network inputs, some insight into the pricing process of the option market is obtained. The results indicate that statistical specification strategies lead to parsimonious networks which have a superior out-of-sample performance when compared to the Black/Scholes model. We further validate our results by providing plausible hedge parameters.


Osseointegration is critical for implant fixation, and mechanical stimuli play a role in this process. Our long term goal is to investigate the relationship between local mechanical environment and osseointegration. In this paper, as a first step in the study, we constructed an approximate 3D model of the in-vivo test and focused on calculating the strain fields around the implant. We first demonstrated that 3D finite element models gave significant differences compared with 2D models. The 3D model was then used to study strain distributions as gap tissue properties were varied over an experimentally estimated range in the first 7 days post implant. Results for strain concentration in gap tissue around the circumferential ridges and bottom of the implant agreed, on average, with previous 2D studies. Variations of the strain field around the implant were consistent with bone healing and remodeling trends around the implant between post-surgical days 1 and 5, and 6 and 7.


Thank you very much for reading role quests in the post cold war era foreign policies in transition. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this role quests in the post cold war era foreign policies in transition, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


The seriousness of the offense is the main consideration that should determine the severity of criminal punishment. This cardinal sentencing principle is undermined by the reality that often the criminal history of the offender is the most decisive sentencing consideration. Recidivists are frequently sent to imprisonment for long periods for crimes, which, when committed by first offenders, are dealt with by a bond, probation or a fine. This makes sentencing more about an individual's profile than the harm caused by the offending and has contributed to a large increase in prison numbers. Intuitively, it feels right to punish repeat offenders more harshly; however, the search for a sound doctrinal or normative reason to justify this approach has proven to be elusive — and there is certainly no demonstrated basis for according considerable weight to prior criminality in the sentencing calculus in relation to all offenses. Moreover, the practice of punishing recidivists more harshly is potentially discriminatory because poor people are more likely to have prior convictions. This Article argues that prior criminality should have far less relevance to sentencing. Previous convictions should only increase penalties in a meaningful sense when they relate to serious sexual or violent offenses. In such circumstances the premium should be in the order of no more than twenty to fifty percent. This reform would lower prison numbers, reduce the discriminatory effect of current sentencing practices, but not impair the efficacy of the sentencing system to achieve any of its key objectives.


State Finances has been an area of concern and interest particularly because of the low revenue generating capacities of the states. Tripura, one of the smallest in the country is no exception. Efficient governance has a major role in propelling such small states to higher levels of growth and development. The State has undergone fiscal restructuring in 2005 and new objectives and priorities had been set for the state government. However, the State Finances were in disarray as admitted by the Finance Minister himself. The present study analyses the state of government finances in Tripura in the context of the other NER states. The revenue trend shows an increasing share of Own tax revenues while Non-tax revenues dwindle. Land Revenue and VAT emerge as the buoyant source of taxation. The state has the lowest returns from the Own Non-tax revenues. Dependence on the Central Grants remains vital and unavoidable. The expenditure patterns are in conformity with growing share of Social Sector expenditures alike other NER states, though expenditures for education is decreasing in proportional terms. The debt burden has reduced and Tripura's position is much better in terms of liability as compared to her compatriots. However, the State government's attempt to strictly implement the TFRBM Act has resulted in not just Revenue Surplus, but also in Fiscal Surplus for three years of the 10 years considered in the present study. Moreover, the state budgets appear to be repetitive and lack direction towards creating long-term assets. The fiscal space available is not being utilised by the state government as a result the state is losing out on capital expenditure, which is extremely important for growth and development, and adding to the 'missing multiplier' syndrome. The extra-cautious measures of the government are likely to keep the state huddled into a low-level equilibrium trap.


3. In light of the above the Minister for the Public Service and Administration hereby issues a directive enabling Departments to purchase watches for employees who qualified (or who will qualify) for long service recognition until 31 March 2003. For this purpose, Departments should acquire the necessary watches through their own procurement processes from retail outlets. The watches should, as far as possible, be of similar quality as those available up to 31 January 2002. (A list of watches is attached). The value of the watches, however, should not exceed R3 000. Departments must cover the expenses in this regard from their existing Departmental budgets.


Reliability analysis of standby redundant systems is essential in continuous industrial process applications. This paper proposes the Markov chain modelling of the networked control system with standby redundant elements. It involves the evaluation of all the operating, repair and failure states of elements and their probabilities of failure using stochastic transitional probability matrix. The frequency of each encountering the state of failure is presented to predict the reliability of the networked control system. The results of the mathematical approach are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed model with redundant sensor and actuator connected in NCS.


Terrorist actions have occurred in all historical periods. The purpose of this article is to analyse and reflect on the causes of terrorism, suicide or otherwise. We concentrate in particular on the publications of Spanish authors. The results are not very promising. The conclusion is that what is published in Spain from the perspective of the psychology of the etiology of terrorism is almost irrelevant. Therefore, currently Spanish psychology can contribute very little to the knowledge about the risk factors of terrorist actions. Psychological investigation seems focused on the quantification of reality rather than its interpretation, understanding and transformation. Thus psychological knowledge runs the risk of becoming socially


An open trial of valproate sodium in 14 patients suffering from Huntington chorea showed that the drug was ineffective in the two treatment schedules employed.


Afatinib, an oral irreversible ErbB family blocker, showed comparable activity to cetuximab in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in this phase II trial. Further, sequential EGFR/ErbB treatment provided sustained clinical benefit in some patients, suggesting a lack of cross-resistance.


On the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a visiting preacher at an Episcopal parish in Atlanta reads a landmark piece of legislation through the lens of a Gospel text. He invokes the feeding of the five thousand as a parable about eschatological imagination. Describing the ADA as an unfinished work in progress, he notes the disciples' inability to grasp the provision for the crowd that Jesus intended and urges the small group gathered in the sanctuary: "It's really important to begin to believe in a world that God dreams ... a world where everyone has access to the means to live." The sermon strikes a chord in a congregation in which a majority live with diagnoses of mental illness and come to the parish from group homes. Many live in poverty and have few choices about where and with whom they live. Many struggle with multiple forces of oppression—ableism, racism, and income inequality. At this service, as at any Holy Family service, responses to the ritual pattern are multiple and divergent. Some in the congregation listen attentively and participate in the prayer book liturgy while others do not read, sing, pray, or go forward for communion. The preacher's words also resonate with me. As a theologian and participant-observer in this remarkable community for over a year, I have difficulty imagining the real possibility of a world in which these congregants are regarded with dignity and desire and have access to needed resources. Even as I celebrate the possibilities of such an ecclesial gathering, I frequently lament the limits of what this congregation can do and be for those who gather. Claiming the good news of the text, the preacher reminds us not to give up hope. He urges us as a people of faith to see the world as God does and "to claim that the history of God is a history of bread." Recalling God's history of material provision for those in need, congregants should be bold to claim God's vision for the world and for ourselves. As the church, we should be unafraid to claim what we and others need, to persist in the call for justice, and to push for a world where everyone has what they require in order to make it through each day. After the sermon, the community celebrates a sacred history of bread, of feeding, in a pattern they observe every Sunday and Wednesday: an enthusiastic passing of the peace, prayers of the people, a gathering of offerings both


Mahan's theory of sea power directly caused the rapid development of the navy of Germany,Japan,Russia,America,and so on.But it only had slight influence on Chinese navy,the reasons for which are the geographical location of China,the inner structure of geographical environment,the economic formation,the political system;the current political situation,etc.Great changes have taken place in the above_mentioned factors and their structure in the 21st century and modern Chinese people should strengthen their sense of sea.


Depending on trust management, an energy efficient collaborative spectrum sensing (EE-CSS) protocol is put forward. In contrast to the traditional collaborative spectrum sensing (T-CSS), here we are attaining energy efficiency by limiting the overall count of sensing reports exchanged between the honest secondary users (HSUs) and the secondary user base station (SUBs). In EE-CSS, it is concluded that the least total count of sensing reports needed to fulfill a target global false alarm (FA) and missed detection (MD) probabilities in T-CSS is more. We are calculating steady-state average SU trust value and total count of SU sensing reports transmitted in both T-CSS and EE-CSS. Derivations are made for the global FA and detection probabilities Qf and Qd for a data fusion method. The effect of link outages on Qf and Qd are also examined. The output tells that the energy consumption in T-CSS is comparatively higher than in EE-CSS for long range communications where the transit energy is dominant


The development of biometric systems is one of the labor-intensive processes. Therefore, the creation and analysis of approaches and techniques is an urgent task at present. This article presents a technique of modeling and prototyping biometric systems based on dataflow programming. The technique includes three main stages: the development of functional blocks, the creation of a dataflow graph and the generation of a prototype. A specially developed software modeling environment that implements this technique is described. As an example of the use of this technique, an example of the implementation of the iris localization subsystem is demonstrated. A variant of modification of dataflow programming is suggested to solve the problem related to the undefined order of block activation. The main advantage of the presented technique is the ability to visually display and design the model of the biometric system, the rapid creation of a working prototype and the reuse of the previously developed functional blocks.


Objective To probe into the significance of using low- quality control in anti-HBe antibody indoor quality control and absorption method was used to supervise the quality. Methods HBe antibody test results in March 2006 were analyzed, QC chart was mapped and quality were controlled. Results The difference between critical value of anti-HBe antibody products and the absorbance of statistical quality control was statistically significant. Rendering quality control can be used to control quality. Conclusion Using critical value-Controls response absorbance value on quality control and testing the reliability of the entire testing process is believable and saving.


In this study, a comprehensive and realistic model of laser light interaction with skin and hair was constructed. The model was applied to study the characteristics of laser-tissue interaction for the deeply penetrating Nd:YAG laser. Three types of finite element method (FEM) models were developed. In the first model, the hair shaft grew straight out of the follicle; in the second model, it grew at a variable angle; and in the third model, an array of hair was considered. The transport equation and heat diffusion equation were solved with the mesh-based Monte Carlo method and partial differential equations, respectively. The results of the simulations indicated that the area of necrosis increased with increasing fluence; cooling had a limited effect on the extent of necrosis, particularly at a fluence of 80 J/cm2. The thermal damage to hair follicles on the periphery of an irradiated array of hair may be insufficient for achieving necrosis. The pulse itself and the short cooling-down period after the pulse contributed the most to the final thermal damage to the hair follicle. The FEM modeling of laser-tissue interaction has proven to be a useful tool for studying the influence of different therapeutic parameters on the resulting hair and skin damage.


High-precision extraction of target features is a challenge in real-time image analysis. Contemporary real-time semantic segmentation methods sacrifice segmentation accuracy to meet the high inference speed, resulting in poor model performance. Therefore., in order to achieve the best segmentation accuracy and reasoning speed as possible., based on the biseNet network structure., this paper uses the pre training model mobilenet to preliminarily extract image features., and replaces the spatial path with ASPP(Atrous spatial pyramid pooling)., increasing the receptive field and improving the ability to obtain global information. The experimental results show that the method has good performance on the data set made by collecting the images of butt welds in the process of argon arc welding of thin-walled stainless steel pipes., and the detection speed reaches 55 FPS., which fully meets the requirements of real-time segmentation.


Introduction. The growth of state support for crop and livestock areas of agricultural production requires agricultural economic entities to solve problems of improving the efficiency of the accounting process in terms of accounting for production costs and costing. One of the areas of state support is the development of fruit and berry and vegetable industries, where a special place is given to small forms of agribusiness. The issues of cost accounting and calculation methods in this case require additional research in order to clarify and adapt them to the specifics of the activity and the size of the economic entity. Methods. Studying the directions of state support for agriculture as well as the features of the accounting process of agricultural organizations was based on methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization. Results. In the course of the study, the directions of state support in agriculture were analyzed. The production of fruit, berry and vegetable products is defined as a promising direction of development for small forms of agribusiness, the features of cost accounting and costing of fruit, berry and vegetable products are studied, an algorithm for forming the cost in priority areas for small forms of agro-formations is presented, examples of calculating the cost of vegetable growing products are given. Conclusion. State support for agriculture, the growing role of small businesses in agribusiness, the specifics of their functioning impose special requirements on the quality of accounting support for the activities of economic entities, in particular, on cost accounting and calculation of production costs. The organization of the accounting process in this area determines the accuracy and reliability of the calculation of economic indicators necessary for making managerial decisions to find ways to reduce costs while maintaining a given level of product quality, identifying reserves, and determining promising directions for the development of the economy.


Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a widely used separation method for purifying proteins and peptides that have an affinity for metal ions, such as histidine-tagged proteins but also some untagged recombinant or native proteins. IMAC SepharoseTM 6 Fast Flow is supplied free of metal ions, allowing the user to charge it with the most appropriate metal ion for purification of a target protein (Fig 1). Based on the well-established Sepharose 6 Fast Flow matrix, this medium is a member of the BioProcessTM media family of chromatography products from GE Healthcare.


The invention relates to a method for accessing a service offered by a remote server, wherein the server is configured to transmit a stream of digital information to a digital receiver, a digital TV, said receiver being associated with a card chip, said method comprising the steps of: - transmitting a unique identifier associated with the receiver, a unique identifier associated with the smart card, and instructions for accessing the service offered by the remote server, - access to the service offered by the server remote after checking the identifiers associated to the receiver and the chip card, characterized in that said method further comprises the steps of: - generating a QR code by executing the instructions of a program stored in the digital receiver , and encoding said QR Code with: - the URL of the remote server - the identifiers associated with the r receiver and the chip card, - the instructions for accessing the service provided by said remote server, said identifiers and said instructions being in the form of digital data, - display the QR code generated on a digital TV screen, - a scan of the QR code displayed on the screen via a mobile terminal, - decrypting the QR code scanned by executing the instructions of a program stored in the mobile terminal, wherein decrypting causing the automatic connection of said terminal at URL the remote server and transfers it to the latter numerical data regarding: the identifiers associated with the receiver and the chip card and the instructions to access the service offered, - access the service offered by the remote server after checking the associated password the receiver and the chip card.


The goal of this research is to define and validate (theoretically and empirically) requirements management measures connected to the attributes stability and volatility of requirements. With theoretical validation we prove that the relationships between the entities in the empirical world are still valid in the mathematical/formal world. With empirical validation we prove that a measure is a predictor of some attribute.


The liberalization of world trade is an ongoing process. There is a tradition of many decades dedicated to bringing trade barriers down through multilateral negotiations in the framework of the GATT, which has been continued in the WTO since 1995. Tariffs and quantitative restrictions (QRs) were singled out as the most important factors hampering trade. However, to the extent this trade liberalization has been successful, other barriers have become more important as bottlenecks for trade flows. These other barriers are largely the consequence of public regulation of markets. In order to continue multilateral economic liberalization, these regulatory barriers have been the object of trade negotiations, as have the further lowering of tariffs and quantitative restrictions. This shift in multilateral trade talks has changed the nature of the negotiations. In the past, trade liberalization mainly affected the relative protection of sectors, the area of industrial policy. In the new situation, environmental, social, consumer, public health, and cultural policies are drawn into the negotiations as these policies lead to regulatory barriers. This complicates trade negotiations. The number of potential conflicts has increased many times and tradeoffs have become more difficult as different policy areas cannot easily be compared. Groups of countries have succeeded in finding ways to diminish regulatory barriers. Regional integration of this kind is called 'deep' integration: The existing objective of economic liberalization is realized by common regulation and policies and by constraining the powers of the participating countries.1 In the European Community (EC), deepening has occurred in the Dassonville and Cassis de Dijon rulings of the European Court of Justice in 1974 and 1979, respectively, and in the Single European Act (1985) and the Treaty of Maastricht (1991). The NAFTA agreement also contains elements of deep integration.2 This paper discusses deepening of integration at the multilateral level: the harmonization and approximation of regulatory diversity through global mechanisms.


Monthly data from January 1985 to December 2004 are used to investigate reserves management in ten Asiatic and Latin American countries. Idiosyncratic explanatory variables enter cointegration relationships based on a stochastic buffer stock model, where a reserve variability measure is obtained via conditional variance approaches. International factors influence the cointegration residuals (representing the excess demands for reserves), which tend to co-move within and across geographical areas. Principal components analysis is implemented then to associate their common drivers with the US fed fund effective interest rate and real effective exchange rate. This two-step approach sheds light on some controversial aspects of reserves and exchange rate management in emerging markets such as "fear of floating" and mercantilist behavior. Our results suggest, contrary to common belief, that the size of recent excess reserves holdings is probably overstated.


The Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) of Birobidzhan in Siberia is still alive. The once famous "Siberian Zion", at the confluence of the Bira and Bidzhan rivers, a stone's throw away from China and a day from the Pacific Ocean, 9,000 km and six days by train from Moscow, is still a geographical reality. The political class of the Soviet Union decided to create a territory the size of Belgium for a settlement for Jews, choosing a region on the border between China and the Soviet Union. It believed that Soviet Jews needed, like other national minorities, a homeland with a territory. The Soviet regime thus opted to establish an enclave that would become the JAR in 1934. We should note that the creation of the JAR was the first historically fulfilled case of building an officially recognised Jewish national territory since antiquity and well before Israel. Nevertheless, many historians declared this experiment a failure and the history of the Region only tragic. It is interesting to note, however, that the survival of the JAR in post-Soviet Russia has been not only a historical curiosity, a legacy of Soviet national policy, but today – after the collapse of the Soviet Union – it represents a very interesting case study. It is also a topic useful for the analysis and understanding of inter-ethnic relations, cooperation, and coexistence and it is a unique case of geographic resettlement that produced a special case of "local patriotism", as an example also for different ethnic groups living in the JAR, based on Jewish and Yiddish roots.


Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a global health challenge, due to the dramatic worldwide increase in incidence and severity in the past three decades. Furthermore, the incidence of CDI has increased in surgical patients. The surgery itself is a known risk factor, that, together with the postoperative care (hospitalization, antibiotic treatment, intensive care unit admission), facilitate the development of CDI. Therefore, a matter of paramount importance is the optimization of the management of surgical patients and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection.


Nest site preferences of Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and nest predation risk in relation to habitat fragmentation patterns were studied in an area of the Bavarian Alps, West Germany. Nest sites were located through radio-equipped females. Hens strongly preferred to nest in edge habitats, namely between mature forests and clearcuts. Nest predation risk was assessed by an experiment with artificial nests, considering effects of successional stage, patch size, and distance of nests from an edge. About two thirds of the nests were destroyed, mostly by mammal predators. Losses were lowest in stands of the youngest and the oldest successional stages. Predation was lower in edge habitats than inside forest stands. No difference in predation risk or in nest site preferences was found in relation to stand size. The results suggest that Capercaillie hens selected nest sites in order to minimize predation risk.


2. Canavan C, Abrams KR, Mayberry J. Meta-analysis: colorectal and small bowel cancer risk in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:1097–1104. 3. Farraye FA, Odze RD, Eaden J, et al. AGA technical review on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2010;138:746–774. 4. Itzkowitz SH, Present DH. Consensus conference: colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005;11:314–321. 5. Farraye FA, Odze RD, Eaden J, et al. AGA medical position statement on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2010;138:738– 745. 6. Collins PD, Mpofu C, Watson AJ, et al. Strategies for detecting colon cancer and/or dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;CD000279. 7. Velayos FS, Terdiman JP, Walsh JM. Effect of 5-aminosalicylate use on colorectal cancer and dysplasia risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1345–1353. 8. Nguyen GC, Gulamhusein A, Bernstein CN. Aminosalicylic acid is not protective against colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of non-referral populations. Am J Gastroenterol. Forthcoming. 9. Jess T, Simonsen J, Jørgensen KT, et al. Decreasing risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease over 30 years. Gastroenterology 2012;143:375–381.


The eggs of one or more clutches of seven passerine species were weighed each day from the day they were laid until hatching. In all seven, the rate of weight loss increased during incubation. This increase was more rapid in the early stages, leading to curvilinear regression. Linear regression was, however, highly significant and explained over 80% of the variation in four species. Curvilinear regression was significant in two other species. The weight loss curve of a single unfertilized Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, egg was similar to that of the rest of the clutch until they commenced to pip. The daily weight loss of five unincubated eggs also increased with time. Shell damage was suspected to be the cause of sudden increases in weight loss of individual eggs. A simultaneous drop in weight loss by six clutches was probably caused by high humidity. Other decreases in weight loss may have been caused by rain. Mean weight loss from water vapour conductance through the shell as a percentage of initial egg...


Following the discovery of nitrite and nitrate as pro-drugs of the vasorelaxant nitric oxide, many studies have reported enhanced athletic performance following intake of these ions either intravenously or as a food supplement. The primary aim of this study was to develop a new accurate, reliable and robust ion chromatography based method. The newly developed method was applied to selected foodstuffs in powdered and/or juice form to measure levels of nitrate and nitrite. In addition to the commonly used beetroot juice, an initial HPLC-based screen of a range of foods identified spinach powder with very high nitrate and nitrite content. As a result of the initial screening, branded beetroot juice, concentrated beetroot juice and spinach powder were analysed using a new extraction method followed by a newly developed and validated ion chromatographic determination of nitrate and nitrite levels. The new ion chromatography based assay showed higher efficiency and better recovery than the HPLC approach. Significant inter-batch variations were found in levels of nitrate and nitrite in the beetroot juice and concentrated beetroot juice samples tested. In contrast spinach powder could provide a homogenous source of nitrate and nitrate for physiological studies. In summary, the new assay is rapid and efficient facilitating rigorous analyses of nitrate and nitrite levels prior to investigations requiring intake of foodstuffs containing these nitric oxide precursors.


ANYWHERE, featuring Cedric Bixler Zavala from THE MARS VOLTA and AT THE DRIVE-IN, will release their self-titled debut album on June 4th through ATP ...


Image compression plays a vital role in many important and diverse applications, including video conferencing, remote sensing etc. To achieve the image compression, DWT is being used for decomposition and the decomposed subband is quantized and encoded. In most of the earlier work compression is obtained using multi-resolution DWT, quantization and encoding. It is observed that hardware implementation enhances speed and can be built as an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) for many real time applications. This project performs image compression using DWT for multi-resolution decomposition. Further, in our work the lower frequency sub-band is quantized using DPCM and encoded.