Magnetic field components of plasma waves are essential for probing space plasma environments. Search coil magnetometers are commonly used in satellite experiments and well-adapted to the measurements in the frequency range from a few Hz to several tens of kHz. A search coil sensor is installed at the top of a few-meter long mast or boom to reduce a noise contamination from a satellite. Then a preamplifier could be installed inside the satellite due to thermal and radiation conditions in space. Such a preamplifier separated from a sensor has disadvantages for the signal-to-noise ratio and the system resource. Recently, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are one of key technologies for increasing demands of plasma wave observations using multiple micro satellites. In order to further reduce mass, volume, and power consumption of analog circuits in typical plasma wave instruments, we have developed a low noise ASIC preamplifier for search coil magnetometer. The preamplifier is an important analog component of plasma wave observation to determine the noise equivalent magnetic induction (NEMI). In this study, a current-sensitive preamplifier for search coil magnetometer was developed and fabricated on a 6-mm 2 silicon chip by using a standard 250 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. A search coil sensor shows a maximum value of its impedance at the resonance frequency. The NEMI at the resonance frequency is determined by multiplying the sensor impedance by the current noise of preamplifier. Thus, the ASIC preamplifier using CMOS technology is more suitable for search coil magnetometer compared to a preamplifier using bipolar junction transistors, because MOS transistors show the very low current noise. The NEMI of developed ASIC preamplifier combined with a 100-mm-long search coil is 30 fT/ √ Hz at 2 kHz with a power consumption of 15 mW. The radiation hardness assurance of the ASIC preamplifier is at least 100 krad total ionizing dose, which is equivalent to approximately the total amount for 10 year duration at the geostationary orbit. The temperature dependence of the gain of the ASIC preamplifier is 0.04 dB/deg C in the worst case. The ASIC preamplifier showing such sufficient NEMI, low power budget, and environmental tolerance in space can be installed in the close vicinity of the search coil sensor located at the top of a mast. Also the ASIC preamplifier can provide large mass saving. As an application, we have embedded a new ASIC preamplifier for 3-axis loop antennas into a palm-sized sensor probe as a monitor system for space electromagnetic environments. The sensor node includes the ASIC preamplifiers, an ASIC waveform receiver, a CPU, and a wireless communication module in the cubic body (8 × 8 × 8 cm). In this presentation, we will report the present status of our ASIC preamplifier and also introduce some applications using the ASIC preamplifier for plasma wave observation.


Carbon nanostructures of various sorts have been the subject of intensive research since their discoveries in the latter part of the 20th century. Much of this research has been motivated by the intrinsic interest of these structures, though their potential as hydrogen storage media has also attracted attention. It was realized that the carbon‐hydrogen interactions in these media would induce dipole moments which might lead to observable absorption of infrared spectra, and this work will be reviewed and extended in this paper. The fundamental vibration‐rotation spectrum, of H2 in a fcc C60 lattice (fullerite) at room temperature was first observed by S. A. FitzGerald and coworkers, who have subsequently extended their observations to near liquid nitrogen temperatures. Herman and Lewis have discussed the theoretical aspects of H2 in carbon nanotube bundles and in fullerite. We have developed a detailed theory for the spectrum of H2 in fullerite. This theory assumes that the H2 ‐ C potential can be accurate...


Nowadays, in world of modern technologies and technology society, information can be the most valuable commodity on the market and so gathering it, buy or sell it becomes the most important part of doing business. Because of the prizing, the more sophisticated ways of gathering and processing of the information are still being developed, various kinds of more sophisticated and faster systems are being created and more complex technologies are being made, which clearly opens various paths for various criminal menaces. To be able to react appropriate and fast on this threads and protect valuable property of its own, to protect the data and be able to find an appropriate solution for protecting them and for preventing them from damage or any other misusing, man should be aware of the processes behind the whole cycle and be able to define the whole menace scope given to the general situation and scenario.


In order to correctly estimate individual timber volume of Eucalyptus globulus in the cutting design for artificial commercial forest in Anning city,it was necessary to program a local criterion for binary timber volume of Eucalyptus globulus.In accordance with requirements for programming standing timber volume table,130 felled timbers of Eucalyptus globulus were randomly taken out as samples to fit 5 popular volume models.It finally determined the optimal model as V=0.000 074 881 4×d1.836 60H1.200 1,which was no deviation and the error was within scope of the precision by examination.


Purpose
To assess the ability of generative AI to assist in crisis management planning and response.

Design/methodology/approach
The viewpoint is built on a "conversation" with ChatGPT (CGPT) on the subject of crisis management. As such, portions of the text were generated by CGPT, a Large Language Model (LLM) and not by the author.

Findings
While CGPT has mastered the language of crisis management, its ability to assist in real-life situations is probably limited. Paradoxically, it believes it can help provide predictive analytics even though it claims not to be able to assess future events.

Originality/value
The author believes that the paradoxes inherent in CGPT's claims to be able to assist in crisis management have not previously been examined.


Security is the term which has the most significance in today's era. Technology has been proffering solutions for any kind of prevention in almost every domain such as banking, cyber security, home security and a like. Traditional home security systems usually made use of sensors mounted on doors, walls or windows with accessing features like alarms or home monitoring mainly focused on perimeter of home. Almost every existing security systems are pretty hard to install, use and quite impossible to take with while moving. This paper proposes a smart security system based on Physical Computing with the use of Arduino microcontroller, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Sonar technique. The sensor gets rotated to different angles via Servo motor and the near-by objects are sensed by the sensor. The proposed system gets connected to monitor via USB cable and hence, the distance data stream comes out from the sensor and gets displayed on the screen so as to get an idea which way and how far the object or the intruder is. The system provides an absolute smart security towards preventing unwanted or unauthorized access. This paper presents the design and implementation of security system that would be proved as a smart security.


Contrary to popular belief, the problem of climate change is being actively discussed in China. This is just as well as reducing emissions from China's coal-fired power plants is crucial in any global effort to avoid harmful climate change and widespread application of carbon capture and storage will be needed. The EU has accepted that the demonstration of a commercial scale coal-fired power station with full CCS in China would be the best way forward. A start has been made but huge obstacles remain, not least of which is financing.


Obesity, a chronic non communicable disorder is associated with abnormal, excessive body fat accumulation. Obesity has reached epidemic levels worldwide. It is a key risk factor in development of various dangerous complications like dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, infertility etc. This study aims at measuring and correlating values of blood lipid parameters in obese and non-obese individuals. It has been found that obese females having increased waist circumference, BMI and body fat percentage had altered lipid profile. They are at higher risk of developing obesity related complications. Thus, early detection of metabolic impairments will help in pursuing the preventive measure and to halt its progression into irreversible hazardous complications.


This work presents summarized results based on three real-scale tests carried out on a three-story building. The main purpose of these tests is to get some information on how the smoke flows in a building with floors connected with a staircase in order to assess the ability of numerical codes to simulate the smoke flow in complex geometries with multiple rooms. During these tests, a well-controlled source fire was used and measurements of temperatures and velocities were made all over the different stairs and rooms into the building. The heat release rate in the fire room was deduced from the measured mass loss rate and gas analysis. A comparison between numerical results using the two zones model CFAST [5] and the experimental results was also made. The current work will provide a large database to evaluate software programs used in fire safety engineering.


The numerical simulation of the run-up of long surface waves on a plane slope is presented. Using a method based on the combination of the TVD scheme and the SPH method the shallow water approximation is applied to the solution of the well known model problem of a run-up of a wave approaching from an area of constant depth towards a plane slope. The numerical method has proved to be reliable and effective not only in the range of small amplitudes, but also outside of the theoretical limits of applicability of the shallow water theory, such as for the modelling of breaking waves. The qualitative and partially quantitative comparison with the results of numerical calculations of other authors are presented. The differences in the results caused by the differences in the numerical algorithms are highlighted.


Trophic ulceration of the foot is one of the commonest complications of leprosy, and one whose treatment presents many difficulties. The peripheral neural involvement causing loss of sensation, tactile and thermal, leads indirectly to ulceration especially of the feet due to (a) traumatization of the anesthetic area, usually over a bony prominence, and (b) an adjuvant deformity, e.g., a talipes varus, presenting an area to the sustained and continued pressure of weight-bearing. In these cases there is alteration of normal circulation to the extremity as a whole, the resulting avascularity being a contributory factor in the chronicity of the lesion.


Detailed measurements of turbulence quantities in a three-dimensional jet issuing form the cruciform nozzle have been made in order to investigate the similarity of each turbulent profile and the streamwise development of the characteristics scales. Experimental results are summarized as follows: Up to far downstream, the decay rate of turbulent velocity scales is slower than that of mean velocity scale, and the pertinent properties such as three components of turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stress are similar in the extent of x/dg100. The Reynolds number based on the velocity scale Uox and the length scale b' is constant, so the present turbulent jet remains steady.


Unit train service is causing car maintenance costs to rise on Burlington Northern, rising from 6.6% to 8.4% of operating revenues between 1974 and 1977. Design criteria for cars for conventional service are no longer applicable to cars for unit trains and traditional maintenance procedures can no longer be observed. BN now strives for a two-year maintenance cycle for its hopper cars and the sturdier components already installed, along with those showing need for improvement such as roller bearings and wheels, are discussed.


Salivary gland calculus / Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands. Sialolithiasis is most commonly found in the submandibular gland and it's duct (Wharton's duct). Giant salivary gland stones measuring over 3cm are extremely rare with only scanty reported cases1. This report describes the case of a patient who had a painless very rare giant Submandibular sialolith visible per orally on the floor of mouth. A 5× 2 cm sized stone was excised. INTRODUCTION: Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones), is a condition where a calcified mass forms within a salivary gland. The term is derived from the Greek words sialon (saliva) and lithos (stone), and the Latin -iasis meaning "process" or "morbid condition". Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of salivary glands 1. Stones or calculi can be found in all major and minor salivary glands and their ducts. More than 80 % of the c alculi are found in Submandibular gland and its duct (more common) 2. Parotid gland accounts for 10% of cases. Remaining cases involve Sublingual and minor salivary glands2. Submandibular calculi are most commonly seen in young and middle aged adults with equal affection of both sexes3. Longer and upward course of the submandibular duct, non- dependent drainage, high calcium and mucin content, more viscid secretion are the factors which favour the formation of submandibular duct stones 3. Bilateral or multiple gland sialolithiasis occurs in less than 3% of cases4. Commonly sialoliths measure from 1mm to less than 1cm. Giant salivary gland stones (GSGS) are those stones measuring over 1.5cm and have been rarely reported. GSGS measuring over 3cm are extremely rare with only scanty reported cases 5. The aim of this case report is to highlight a case of a very rare giant sialolith.


The bidding strategy for electricity purchase and sale in electricity market environment is a complex dynamic problem that is especially prominent in the duration of medium-and long-term transaction,so it is hard for traditional mathematical analysis method to analyze and calculate such a problem. An optimal power flow based learning model for two-layer medium-and long-term optimal bidding strategy is proposed. Using heuristic dynamic programming method,the strategic behavior of dynamic programming and iteration of reward and penalty factors are regarded as agent and the external uncertain factors as the external environment of the agent. Under this condition,through the assessment and judgment on environment,the agent chooses feasible strategic scheme guides itself to attain optimal production revenue by learning former bidding experiences and the behavior of competitors. Taking IEEE 5-bus 6-branch test system as the case,calculation results prove that the proposed method is adaptive and superior.


Leading edge cooling cavities in modern gas turbine blades play an important role in maintaining the leading edge temperature at levels consistent with airfoil design life. These cavities often have a complex cross-sectional shape to be compatible with the external contour of the blade at the leading edge. A survey of many existing geometries show that, for analytical as well as experimental analyses, such cavities can be simplified in shape by a four-sided polygon with one curved side similar to the leading edge curvature, a rectangle with one semi-circular side (often the smaller side) or a trapezoid, the smaller base of which is replaced by a semicircle. Furthermore, to enhance the heat transfer coefficient in these cavities, they are mostly roughened on three sides with ribs of different geometries. Experimental data on friction factors and heat transfer coefficients in such cavities are rare if not nonexistent. A liquid crystal technique was used in this experimental investigation to measure heat transfer coefficients in six test sections representing the leading-edge cooling cavities. Straight as well as tapered ribs were configured on the two opposite sidewalls in a staggered arrangement with angles of attack to the mainstream flow, α, of 60° and 90°. The ribs on the curved surface were of constant cross section with an angle of attack 90° to the flow. Heat transfer measurements were performed on the straight sidewalls as well as on the round surface adjacent to the blade leading edge. Effects such as rib angle of attack to the mainstream flow and constant versus tapered rib cross-sectional areas were also investigated. Nusselt numbers, friction factors and thermal performances are reported for nine rib geometries in six test sections.Copyright © 1995 by ASME


We perform shell-model calculations in {sup 22}Ne for the summed magnetic dipole orbital strength and spin strength with a schematic interaction consisting of single-particle splitting, an isospin-conserving pairing interaction, and a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. We consider four channels: orbital excitations to {ital J}=1{sup +} {ital T}=1 states, and then to {ital J}=1{sup +} {ital T}=2 states; spin excitations to {ital J}=1{sup +} {ital T}=1 states, and then to {ital J}=1{sup +} {ital T}=2 states. For the orbital {ital T}{r arrow}{ital T} channel, the summed {ital M}1 strength varies quadratically with the size of the quadrupole interaction {ital x} for small values of this parameter when degenerate single-particle energies are used. Using realistic single-particle splitting does not destroy the quadrupole collectivity. The other three channels respond in different manners. We also consider linear-energy-weighted sum rules for which analytic results are obtained. The relevance of this work to experiments on orbital strengths and their relations to quadrupole excitations is discussed.


From in-situ measurement of air temperature and ground temperature inside the Kunlunshan Tunnel in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it is found that the thawed range of the permafrost surrounding the tunnel is very large, due to the hydration heat of the concrete lining, insulation measures during winter and other artificial activities. In this paper, taking water transfer and phase change into account, the finite element formulae of this problem and computer program on the base of ANSYS Software are derived from the governing differential equations and water transfer equations using Galerkin's method. Using the computer program, forecast analysis for the re-freezing of the Kunlunshan Tunnel is made. The analysis shows that insulation will delay the re-freezing. The thawed range of the permafrost surrounding the tunnel in cold regions caused by tunneling must be considered. The observation duration should be prolonged, because much time is needed for the tunnel going to be stable.


With the exosomatic MIC detection method and antibiosis efficiency detection method determined the common alimentary canal pathogenic bacteria,air tube pathogenic bacteria and mammitis pathogenic bacteria,respectively.The traditional Chinese medicine CN Ⅱ displies different degrees of bacteriostasis to the common pathogenic bacteria.Chinese herbal medicine CN Ⅱcan blanket and kill the growth and development of exosomatic pathogenic bacteria.


This paper presents an investigation of the relationship between fiscal policies, fundamental equilibrium real exchange rates and misalignments under fixed nominal exchange rate regimes like those proposed by McKinnon and supply-side fiscal policy. The medium-run effects operate mainly through the accumulation or decumulation of external assets. The analysis suggests that even temporary shifts in fiscal policy have permanent effects on fundamental equilibrium exchange rates and the natural rate of unemployment. In addition, because of differential inflation across countries, real exchange rates become misaligned in the short-run.


A series of triblock copolymers based on poly(vinyl pyridine)–PEG–poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVP–PEG–PVP) with different PEG-to-PVP ratios (1 : 200, 1 : 250, and 1 : 500) were prepared using the RAFT polymerization method and further crosslinked with PEG to produce PEG-crosslinked PVP–PEG–PVP triblock copolymers as novel gel polymer electrolytes. The nanostructured morphologies were controlled using the triblock copolymer structure and PEG was introduced both as a Li ion conductor and as a crosslinker on the side chain of the PVP. The resulting PEG-crosslinked PVP–PEG–PVP gel polymer electrolytes showed good thermomechanical properties, together with moderate ionic conductivities exceeding 1.34 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C and 2.94 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C. The good ionic conductivity and mechanical stability of these newly developed gel polymer electrolytes ensured a high capacity (135 mA h g−1 at the 30th cycle and a retention of 94.4% of the initial capacity) in a Li battery prepared using the PEG-crosslinked triblock (1 : 200)-based electrolyte films.


In order to find a rapid, reliable method for estimating leaf area in wheat, field experiments were conducted with three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars viz. Sonera, Lok-1 and Raj-1555. On the basis of correlation and regression analyses, the product of length and maximum width (LW) was found to be the best independent variable for determining the leaf area. The Y intercept had little effect on leaf area calculation and hence leaf area in wheat can be calculated by the simple equation Y LW = 0 75 . . During the entire growth period leaf area and leaf dry weight was closely correlated but the logarithmic equation fitted better than the linear equation. Leaf area and total plant weight did not show any significant linear correlation.


Vibration related outages due to an unbalance in rotating equipment have been a historic problem in the power generation industry and have resulted in increased plant operating costs. Until recently, the only means for solving these vibration problems was to perform manual balancing on the rotating equipment. Active balancing systems have been used in other industrial processing applications, on ID/FD fans, compressors, and turbines, for many years. Further developments in active balancing capabilities have positioned these systems to cover the broad range of applications in the power generation industry today.© 2003 ASME


Colombia is the scenario of one of the longest armed conflicts in Latin-American history. After ten attempts to sign a peace agreement, the Government of Juan Manuel Santos decided to negotiate with the leaders of the guerrilla in La Habana, pursuing a final agreement. Although signing a peace agreement is important, it is a mere step in the process which seeks the establishment of a stable and lasting peace. This article focuses on the exhibition, analysis and contrasts, of the transitional justice model proposed and developed by the office of Dr. Eduardo Montealegre, the Colombian Attorney General. The aforementioned model involves the most important human rights and criminal law discussions regarding post-conflict legal, political and social scenarios.


Considering the inertial load varying along with the configuration of the Delta high-speed parallel robot,a controller parameter tuning method is developed. Both inverse and direct kinematic models are set up by means of vector method. Based on this,take the least square error of the trajectory of the moving platform as the optimum goal,and find out the values of the PID which may ensure the best performance of the robot. Then,feed-forward compensation is adopted and the trajectory precision is more improved,satisfying the demand of the system.


The growth and lipid metabolism of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus was investigated. A 30% stimulation of mycelial growth was observed upon the addition of very small amounts of sodium acetate or...


2513Background: MDNA55 is an engineered IL-4 fused to pseudomonas exotoxin A being developed for GBM, an aggressive, universally fatal disease. No curative therapy exists and 75% of patients are no...


The present work is concerned with an integration by parts formula for the Pk-integral of De Sarkar and Das, and of the equivalent Pk-integral of Bullen. The process involves a simpler and updated version of that for the Zk−1-integral of Bergin. If f is Pk – (Zk−1)-integrable and G is of bounded kth variation, then fG is Pk – (Zk−1)-integrable.


Tissue matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in extra-cellular matrix destruction in aneurysm disease, with MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 being elevated in atherosclerotic thoracic aneurysm. MMP2 and ...


Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that typically leads to liver transplantation or death [1]. The cause is unknown but is thought to be related to some inherited disorder of immunoregulation [2]. Although treatment with such drugs as ursodiol and colchicine may stabilize the disease or slow its rate of progression [3, 4], no reports on spontaneous or treatment-related remission of primary biliary cirrhosis have been published [5, 6]. Asymptomatic patients eventually develop symptoms and have shortened life expectancies; they are more appropriately called presymptomatic patients [7]. The introduction of methotrexate into the treatment of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis gives us cause to rethink this pessimistic out-look [8]. We describe five patients with well-documented primary biliary cirrhosis who have been treated with methotrexate for at least 6 years and whose disease has gone into remission while they received treatment. Methods Patients We focus on 5 of 19 patients with biopsy-proven precirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis. Eighteen of the 19 patients were positive for antimitochondrial antibody, all had had primary biliary cirrhosis for at least 1 year, and all received low-dose methotrexate therapy. Nine of these patients have been described in an earlier report [8]. Three of the 5 patients we describe here had not responded to colchicine or had responded only partially. The 5 patients had received maintenance therapy with methotrexate for at least 6 years; the other 14 patients in the group had received methotrexate for 1 to 6 years. Intervention Methotrexate was given orally at a dosage of 15 mg/wk, divided into three 5-mg doses taken 12 hours apart over one 24-hour period. Histologic Studies Liver biopsy slides were coded and read independently by two senior pathologists who had no clinical information other than the fact that the patients had primary biliary cirrhosis. Biopsy specimens were paired by patient, but the pathologists were not aware of the timing of the biopsies (that is, initial compared with final). The length of the biopsy specimens and the number of portal triads on each slide were recorded. The specimens were graded according to histologic stage [9]; modified Knodell score, in which bile duct changes were graded and added to the total score [8]; and a score of global change (unchanged, 0; probably improved, +1; and unequivocally improved, +2) [4]. After each pathologist had read the slides independently, they met to resolve any differences and record the final histologic scores. Case Reports Patient 1 A 50-year-old woman was referred because of primary biliary cirrhosis that had developed 2 years earlier. The patient had been receiving cholestyramine, one packet three times per day, for 1 year. When primary biliary cirrhosis was first diagnosed, the alkaline phosphatase level was 750 IU (12.5 kat/L) and the patient was positive for antimitochondrial antibody (titer > 1:640). When the patient was seen at the New England Medical Center in Boston, results of physical examination were normal. At this point, the alkaline phosphatase level was 1245 IU (20.75 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level was 1.9 mg/dL (32.5 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 235 U/L (3.9 kat/L). A liver biopsy specimen showed stage II to III primary biliary cirrhosis with many florid bile duct lesions (Figure 1, panel A). The patient was prescribed colchicine, 0.6 mg twice daily; cholestyramine therapy was continued. Figure 1. Liver biopsy specimens before and after methotrexate therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis. arrow During the next 5 years, the alkaline phosphatase level gradually decreased to 400 IU (6.67 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level decreased to 1 mg/dL (17.1 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level decreased to 80 U/L (1.33 kat/L). The patient remained positive for antimitochondrial antibody. A repeated liver biopsy specimen showed decreased inflammation in portal triads but was still consistent with stage II disease. The patient began receiving oral methotrexate, 15 mg/wk. After the patient had received methotrexate for 1 year, cholestyramine therapy was discontinued; pruritus did not recur. After 1 year, during which the patient received the combination of methotrexate and colchicine, blood test results had improved: The alkaline phosphatase level was 200 IU (3.33 kat/L), the bilirubin level was 0.6 mg/dL (10.3 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 50 U/L (0.83 kat/L). A repeated liver biopsy specimen showed only minimal portal fibrosis and inflammation. Because the alkaline phosphatase level was still elevated, the patient began receiving ursodiol, 300 mg twice daily. The alkaline phosphatase level decreased to normal during the next 12 months. After 3 years of treatment with all three medications, liver function test results were normal: The alkaline phosphatase level was 102 IU (1.7 kat/L), the bilirubin level was 0.5 mg/dL (8.5 kat/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 19 U/L (0.32 kat/L). A liver biopsy specimen obtained after 11 years of treatment (6 years of methotrexate therapy) was normal except for scattered foci of nonspecific inflammation in portal triads (Figure 1, panel B). The patient remains positive for antimitochondrial antibody after 14 years of treatment. Patient 2 A 34-year-old woman was referred because of a 1-year history of primary biliary cirrhosis. She reported pruritus and fatigue and was receiving hydroxyzine for pruritus. Results of physical examination showed striking bilateral xanthelasmas, diffuse excoriations, and an enlarged liver that was palpated 6 cm below the right costal margin. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was 962 IU (16 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level was 1.8 mg/dL (30.8 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 251 U/L (4.2 kat/L). Results of tests for antimitochondrial antibody were positive (titer, 1:1024). A liver biopsy specimen showed stage III primary biliary cirrhosis with scattered florid bile duct lesions (Figure 1, panel C). The patient was prescribed oral methotrexate, 15 mg/wk. After 2 months of treatment, blood test results began to gradually but steadily improve. After 6 months of methotrexate therapy, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was 490 IU (8.2 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level was 0.7 mg/dL (12.0 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 145 U/L (2.42 kat/L). After 8 months of therapy, pruritus and fatigue had disappeared and the patient could discontinue hydroxyzine therapy. Percutaneous liver biopsies done at years 1, 2, and 4 showed that inflammation and fibrosis had gradually diminished. After 4 years of methotrexate therapy, liver histologic findings were considerably improved. Scattered foci of inflammation were seen in portal triads, inflammation slightly extended into the periportal parenchyma, no portal-to-portal bridging inflammation or fibrosis was seen, and no florid bile duct lesions were present (Figure 1, panel D). The biopsy specimen was consistent with stage I primary biliary cirrhosis. Results of physical examination were normal. The xanthelasmas had disappeared, and the liver was no longer enlarged. After 6 years of methotrexate therapy, all liver function test results were normal: The serum alkaline phosphatase level was 94 IU (1.57 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level was 0.5 mg/dL (8.5 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 17 U/L (0.28 kat/L). Results of tests for antimitochondrial antibody remained positive. The patient moved to another state and was lost to follow-up for 1.5 years. She discontinued methotrexate therapy and remained asymptomatic. After therapy was discontinued, however, the serum alkaline phosphatase level increased to 398 IU (6.63 kat/L) and the alanine aminotransferase level increased to 75 U/L (1.25 kat/L). The bilirubin level remained normal (0.3 mg/dL [5.1 mol/L]). The patient has resumed methotrexate therapy. Patient 3 A 42-year-old woman was referred because of primary biliary cirrhosis that had developed 4 years earlier. She had had the Raynaud phenomenon for 12 years. A maternal aunt had died of primary biliary cirrhosis. The patient's serum alkaline phosphatase level was 263 IU (4.38 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level was 0.6 mg/dL (10.3 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 57 U/L (0.95 kat/L). Testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed strong positivity for antimitochondrial antibody: 0.35 OD (normal < 0.10 ODs) [10]. A percutaneous liver biopsy specimen revealed stage III primary biliary cirrhosis. The patient was prescribed colchicine, 0.6 mg twice daily. She remained asymptomatic, but blood test results did not improve. Repeated liver biopsy specimens obtained after 1 year showed worsening portal and periportal inflammation and the same degree of portal fibrosis (Figure 1, panel E). The patient began receiving oral methotrexate, 15 mg/wk, and remained asymptomatic. Two months after methotrexate therapy began, blood test results gradually improved. After 6 years of methotrexate and colchicine therapy, the serum alkaline phosphatase level had decreased to 96 IU (1.6 kat/L), the serum bilirubin level remained 0.6 mg/dL (10.3 mol/L), and the alanine aminotransferase level was 34 U/L (0.57 kat/L). Serial liver biopsy specimens, obtained at years 1, 2, 4, and 6 of methotrexate therapy, showed a steady decrease in inflammation and fibrosis. After 6 years of methotrexate and colchicine therapy, liver histologic findings are normal except for scattered foci of portal inflammation (Figure 1, panel F). Bile ducts are normal in appearance and number. The patient remains positive for antimitochondrial antibody. Results All five patients who responded biochemically and histologically had well-documented primary biliary cirrhosis that had been present for an average of 3.2 years (range, 1 to 7 years) before methotrexate therapy was started (Table 1). In e


Temperature-dependent developmental rate curves for larvae and pupae of Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeberg), a parasitoid of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L,), were developed using linear and nonlinear models. There were small but statistically significant differences among developmental rates of parasitoids reared in first, second, and third host instars when the hosts fed on oak foliage. Differences in developmental rate between parasitoid larvae developing in first-instar hosts feeding on foliage versus artificial diet and between male versus female parasitoid pupae were more substantial. Although the r 2 values for the linear model were high, the deviations from regression were significant. Two nonlinear models fit well (high r 2) for all treatments of parasitoid larvae and pupae, and the deviations from regression were not significant. Cumulative Weibull functions were fit to the data from all treatments to model the distribution of developmental time. Applications of these models are discussed.


Investment project have a variety of options properties. The traditional DCF methods can not evaluate the project value influenced by several uncertainty factors. Real options approach for decision-makers is an effective tool for managing uncertainty. Domestic and foreign scholars make a lot of discussion about the real option value of the BOT highway projects:growth Option,option to Defer,option to Expand,government guarantee,adjustment of the concession period,adjustment of the access rates,investment costs and the uncertainty of traffic flow. This paper firstly reviewed the research of the real options approach in BOT highway investment projects. Secondly we analysis the internal BOT highway investment project's income is uncertainly; the project investments can be delayed; the projects can be expanded. The project may also have the nature of the government guarantee,the nature of the land development or advertising revenues. These nature means the project owns different option values. We also introduce briefly the option pricing model.Finally we discussed the difficulties of the real options analytical method. Based the above analysis,we point out the direction of the real options approach in BOT highway investment projects.


Development Credit Agreement (Poverty Reduction Support Technical Assistance Project) between the Republic of Honduras and the International Development Association (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements dated 1 January 1985, as amended through 1 May 2004). Tegucigalpa, 22 September 2004


This thesis explores how loyalty programmes can be used in marketing of non-profit cultural institutions to increase public engagement. The efficiency of a loyalty programme is estimated from the customer perspective. In the case study of the loyalty programme of the National Museum of the Czech Republic the consumer data is analysed with the purpose to give recommendations for performance improvement of this programme.


Spiral knots are a generalization of the well-known class of torus knots indexed by strand number and base word repetition. By fixing the strand number and varying the repetition index, we obtain integer sequences of spiral knot determinants. In this paper, we examine such sequences for spiral knots of up to four strands using a new periodic crossing matrix method. Surprisingly, the resulting sequences vary widely in character and, even more surprisingly, nearly every one of them is a known integer sequence in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. We also develop a general form for these sequences in terms of recurrence relations that exhibits a pattern which is potentially generalizable to all spiral knots.


This article addresses how far the effective participation of national minorities is expressly articulated by the European Court of Human Rights in its reasoning and, more fully, how far the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights can protect effective participation by national minorities. To that end, it adopts a broad understanding of the protection and implementation of effective participation and examines case law dealing with several different rights that impact upon the participation of national minorities. Finally, the more general issue of whether a judicial process can adequately achieve effective participation on its own and which non-judicial mechanisms are better placed is also discussed.


Students' abilities are not limited to just knowing the mathematics theory and concepts, but a deeper understanding needs to be had by students. The characteristic of contextual and cooperative approaches have distinct advantages. The study tries to quantify achieving contextual and cooperative approaches by using multimedia interactive in improving student math comprehension. Research shows increased student's mathematics comprehension over contextual classes 0,71 in the high category and the cooperative class 0,38 in the moderate category. Increased mathematical understanding of students with classes uses a contextual approach higher than the class that uses a cooperative approach. The primary key of the contextual approach can link lesson materials with the real world or student experience. A cooperative approach requires students' characteristics in high-level activity, learning skills, and great learning motivation.


The demand for CT and MRI assessments has increased rapidly in the past decade [5]. This effect is amplified by a shortage of radiologists as many enter retirement and recruitment fails to keep pace with demand [5]. Given the time-consuming nature of analyzing medical images, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential adjunct to make prognostic connections that humans might otherwise miss by looking at large volumes of data to increase diagnostic precision. Deep learning is a subset of AI that has recently garnered attention in image analysis because it has been able to, in many cases, perform analyses equivalent to those of healthcare specialists [5]. A review found that although some early studies have shown promise, there is currently no consensus on the utility of deep learning in a diagnostic setting, and studies vary regarding injury patterns [5]. One particular area of interest for deep-learning applications is fracture detection. This approach involves a period of training using a test dataset of non-medical images, followed by a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that is validated by detecting fractures on plain radiographs. Historical computational methods applied to fracture detection have yielded sensitivities and specificities in the 80% to 85% range, which is not an improvement over clinician performance [2, 5, 11]. These methods include segmentation, edge detection, and feature extraction [5]. CNNs have been shown to outperform traditional computational methods and, in some cases, clinician accuracy [4, 5]. Although a drop in performance from test images to clinical images has been shown, this is likely because of overfitting (a field of view containing irrelevant features), which can be mitigated by automated cropping of images to include only the region of interest and/or advanced augmentation [5]. Currently, CNNs have demonstrated efficacy in identifying fractures in a number of locations, including the vertebrae, hip, proximal humerus, femur, distal radius, and wrist [1, 3-6]. However, there are few data evaluating the performance of CNNs in detecting scaphoid fractures. One study [9] evaluated 256,458 images, including 27,962 radiographs of the scaphoid, using five open-source CNNs. The authors reported that the overall accuracy for detecting fractures was 83% for the highestperforming CNN compared with 82% for human reviewers, but no results were given for the accuracy of detecting scaphoid fractures specifically [9]. Scaphoid fractures are relatively common, particularly in young male patients, and represent 82% to 89% of all carpal fractures [10]. Given the critical role of the scaphoid bone in the function of the wrist, incorrectly diagnosed fractures may result in lasting functional defects and decrease the patient's quality of life [10]. Despite their frequent occurrence, scaphoid fractures continue to This CORR Insights is a commentary on the article "Is Deep Learning On Par with Human Observers for Detection of Radiographically Visible and Occult Fractures of the Scaphoid?" by Langerhuizen and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1097/CORR. 0000000000001318. The author certifies that neither she, nor any members of her immediate family, have any commercial associations (such as consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/ licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. D. McKeeMD✉, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 808 Joliet Ave Suite 210, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com D. McKee, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA


Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare cause of stroke in the general population; however, represents one of the more common causes of stroke in patients younger than 45 years of age. Its signs and symptoms can be vague, and diagnosis can be elusive. [1][2][3] Spontaneous dissections have been reported. However, incidental minor trauma often precipitates this potentially dangerous condition. Often some neck distortion such as chiropractic manipulation, bending of the neck or blunt trauma causes the dissection. The dissection of the artery may ultimately lead to a stroke which often can be delayed for days following the acute dissection.


Mixing effectiveness of a heated turbulent jet with two-hole and three-hole ring injectors was experimentally investigated. The injectors were rings with square cross section with side dimensions of approximately 5 mm. The ratio of the ring thickness to the jet inner diameter was 4.7%. For the two-hole injector, the injecting holes were at 180 degrees from each other and for the three-hole injectors, the holes were spaced at 120 degrees. The maximum mean velocity of the jet was at approximately 4 m/s which corresponds to an approximate Reynolds number based on the jet inner diameter of 14,676. The total blowing ratio as compared to the axial momentum for each configuration was at 2%. Results indicate significant increases in RMS fluctuation and mean velocity decay with the ring injectors with these effects being more pronounced for the three-hole injection. Axial variation of momentum thicknesses indicates a possibility of axis switching in the near field for the three-hole ring injector.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Management Control System is a set of formal & informal systems to assist the management in steering the organization towards its goals. Controls help in guiding employees towards achieving such goals. However, establishment of a control system in the environment of distributed accountability, reengineered processes, and local autonomy and empowerment is a challenging task. This study on Infosys Technologies Limited is based on the analysis of control parameters such as Organization Structure; Management Style and Culture; Control Processes; Rewards; and Coordination & Communication.


Four oligomers of α‐L‐glutamic acid with ends blocked by nonionizable protecting groups were studied in 0.1M NaClO4 solution using potentiometric measurements. The titrations were analyzed using a pit‐mapping method. The results are compared with those obtained with the corresponding polymer. The successive dissociation constants of the carboxylic side chains are obtained for oligomers with degrees of polymerization varying from 1 to 6. Then the successive stability constants corresponding to the association Cu2+–oligomer are given, and the MpHqLr distribution is calculated for each oligomer introducing MHqL complexes.


To investigate the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted machine type communications (MTC), this paper proposes a joint transmit power and blocklength optimization scheme for half duplex UAV relay system with short packet communications. Different from the majority of exiting works about UAV-assisted communications where the blocklength of information to be transmitted is infinite, short packet is considered in this paper to achieve ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) in the scenarios of MTC. To fully explore the performance of short packet communications in UAV relay system, transmit power and blocklength, under the constraints of reliability and latency, are jointly optimized to maximize the total effective amount of transmitted information. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve almost the same performance as the exhaustive search method and outperforms the benchmark schemes.


Progress in spinning techniques and cutbacks in mill operations has combined to spur efforts at a speed-up and "large packging" of ring spinning frames. These efforts have produced various new drafting systems and high-speed spindles. These, naturally, demand ring travellers and rings which are stable, efficient and of high speed ranges. The speed ranges demanded are for instance, a circumferential speed of 30 m/sec for cotton and staple fiber spinning, and 25 m/sec for synthetic fiber and worsted spinning . Such a speed-up of ring spinning frames is ac companied by new problems about rings and ring travellers. The author has inquired into these problems as related to certain types of spinning which he mentions in two grouping: (1) cotton and staple fiber spinning; and (2) synthetic fiber and worsted spinning. This article is a report on the results on the inquiry and gives two or three examples for each grouping . 2. Cotton and Staple Fiber Spinning


An aquifer is a very paramount aspect of the petroleum system and its susceptibility is a function of its ability to be vulnerable to factors such as contaminants, land pollution, subsidence, groundwater quality degradation due to movement of saltwater and so on. The Warri-Sombreiro deposits in the Niger Delta are characterized with unconfined aquifers as part of its petroleum system and studies have been carried out to determine the aquifer vulnerability using the Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI) which only considers the thickness and resistivity of the layers, hence, the susceptibility score is not entirely representative of the innate aquifer properties. The thickness and resistivity values in this study were obtained from ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations using the Schlumberger configuration. This methodology utilized a database containing the resistivity, conductivity, hydraulic resistance, longitudinal conductance and corresponding acquifer susceptibility rating of the stations. Linear transformation was used to normalize data with high deviations to values between 0.2 and 1, in a bid to prevent perturbation conditions. The transformed data was then trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm to build a neural network that estimates the Aquifer Susceptibity Rating. The acquifer was further classified using the Acquifer Susceptibility Rating (ASR) to determine the level of susceptibility. The acquifer susceptibility map was then plotted using the RESIST software and it was determined that 25% of the area had low susceptibility with a clay overburden between 2.0m to 33.9m above the aquifer, 25% of the area had moderate susceptibility with clay overburden of 1.1m and the remaining 50% had high susceptibility and a lower clay overburden. The Neural Network model proved to be statistically efficient in the prediction of the Acquifer Susceptibility Rating as it gave a correlation coefficient of 1 and mean square error of 5.6246 × 10−24.


In the contemporary philosophy of religion (PoR) in recent decades, there has been much talk of what has been coined "the epistemology of religious belief." Like many topics in PoR, Alvin Plantinga often features prominently in the discussion. Much of Plantingian thought seems to have its roots in the intuitions of the "common-sense philosophy" championed by Thomas Reid (d. 1796 CE). However, some of the ideas that come to contemporary expression in Plantingian thought can be seen as having a much longer history outside of exclusively Christian and European circles. It is the aim of this chapter, to suggest that in fact, the essence of these ideas can be found in the theological epistemology of the Damascene Islamic theologian, Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328 CE). In what follows, I will attempt to show the ways in which Ibn Taymiyya's fiṭra-based epistemology anticipates the later Reidian common-sense philosophical approach as developed by Plantinga by over 400 years. The chapter begins with an overview of the key Reidian intuitions found in


This paper took Sanjiang Plain Hamatong River Basin as a study area, with the support of the GIS, applied the SWAT model that the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Council (ARS) developed to carry on simulation research on agricultural non-point source pollution, and analyzed the output characteristics in different years, different months, different land utilization type, different soil type.


Japan's Judicial Reform Council (JRC) was established as a deliberative committee of the Cabinet in July 1999. This interview with Koji Sato, the JRC Chairman, was published just over a year before the JRC delivered its Final Report on 12 June 2001. It foreshadows many of the themes in official discourse and public debate about a series of legal reforms that are the most dramatic that Japan has experienced in 50 years. Professor Satō's views as Chairman of the JRC are significant because they express publicly deep dissatisfaction with the structural weaknesses of Japan's legal system, which he identifies as including a hierarchical judicial career structure, case overloads, the absence of a jury system and fully developed doctrines of contempt or equity, and the need to involve lay members of the public in the judicial process.


Abstract We have studied whether changes brought about in the first year biology course at the University of Glasgow made any difference in students' attitudes to the way they learn. Students' attitudes were monitored with respect to the way they reacted or adapted to these changes using the Perry model of intellectual and ethical development. This model shows how students develop from a simplistic stance on the nature of knowledge to one which is more pluralistic and contextual. The results showed that the changes made to the course did make an impact on how the students learn and indicated that students were encouraged to learn autonomously. The results therefore have implications for some of the ways in which autonomy can be observed in students and also offers an insight which is of direct relevance to teachers who wish to plan courses which pursue autonomous learning.


In vision and machine learning, information fusion from multiple sensors can be regarded as multi-view learning paradigm to make use of the pairwise complementary information. Due to disturbed variances by illumination, equipment and environment, the collected data is frequently smeared by noises. Although there have been outlier-against works proposed, most of them suffer from redundant parameters. Even worse, few of them have modeled the cross-view complementary information. Actually, in multi-view learning, not only the clean data points, but also those outliers share the same prototypes in common space, by contrast, the margin value of the latter is non-zero. Motivated by this, in this article, we construct a robust multi-view prototype (RMVP) learning model with auxiliary margin matrices. Specifically, in RMVP, the projection matrices corresponding to each view span the common space to characterize the prototypes, simultaneously. In addition, an auxiliary sparse margin matrix for corresponding view identifies the distance gaps of outliers, whose non-zero column vector represents the margin value. To improve the robustness, the lasso regularization is penalized on the auxiliary matrices. And, an alternating optimization algorithm is presented to solve the proposed model. Finally, extensive experiments are constructed to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Background: Thoracolumbar junction spine i.e. T11-L1 is a transition zone between the more stable T1-T10 spine which is connected by rib cage to the sternum & the more mobile L2-L5 spine. There are several factors that affect the outcome; but which are these factors are determining the outcomes are still unknown. Objective: To study and evaluate the factors influencing the outcome following acute thoraco lumbar junction spine injury. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study at a single centre with all patients with thoracolumbar junction(TLJ) spine injury, attending our hospital within a week of injury during a period of November 2014 to August 2016 were included for analysis. Demographic factors like age, gender, aetiology of injury, pre op ASIA grade, thoraco lumbar injury classification and severity score(TLICS), imageological factors on MRI and timing of intervention were studied. Change in neurological status by one or more ASIA grade from the date of admission to 6months follow up was taken as improvement. Functional grading was assessed using functional independence measure (FIM) scale at 6months follow up. Findings: A total of 25 patients with acute thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) spine injury, managed surgically were included in this study. Follow up was available for all patients at 6months. No improvement was noted in patients with ASIA grade A. Maximum improvement was noted in ASIA D group (83.3%). Patient with cord contusion showed mild improvement as opposed to those with just oedema wherein the improvement was seen in 75% patients. Maximum improvement in FIM score was noted in ASIA grade D and patients who had oedema in MRI TLJ spine. Conclusions: Incomplete spinal cord injury, patients showing MRI oedema have good improvement in neurological status at 6months follow up.


Context refers to the state and tone shown in literature by image description .Context system is a special category of Chinese aesthetics. Taking context as a special state of its own system, the article analyses and summarizes the aesthetic thinking of the ancient people.


The construction design program needs to be done before the modification of earthquake emergency communications vehicle,all the loading of the equipments need to be planed and designed in construction design program.This has very important significance for the safe driving、 rational distribution and operational use of the vehicle.Based on the modification of earthquake emergency communications vehicle experience,this paper only describes the safety issues of modified emergency communications vehicle,we hope that the units of those who have been preparing for the vehicle modifications or are modifying the vehicle and doing the construction design also have reference.


Packet transfer using a connectionless mode provides considerable simplification in mobility and handoff functionalities in wireless networks. We develop an architecture using label switched packet forwarding to enhance traffic control and accommodate service differentiation in the network. We present the protocol structure, mobility support, and routing, which are essential in this architecture. The use of the label merging technique is discussed to support multiple radio links between a mobile and a multiplicity of base stations. Preliminary performance results are presented for the effect of diversity areas on the admission control policy.


By appropriate assumption and simplification, the law of the movement and dispersion with water and the attenuation and transformation of pollutants in rivers is described, with mathematical models given respectively, based on which, the one-dimensional mathematical equation of pollutants in rivers is obtained, the turbulence self-purification model of pollutants in rivers is discussed, and finally the example is given.


The analysis of womens labor supply has stressed the importance of womens wage rates and husbands incomes as factors influencing the labor force participation of married women. In this paper I address the question of whether the findings of cross-sectional studies are relevant for understanding the labor force behavior of women over time particularly during the 1970s a period of unusually slow growth in earnings and rapid growth in womens labor force rates. I also report on some estimates of my own using aggregate time-series data. I conclude that the female wage rate and male income can explain surprisingly much of the trend over time although the interaction of the process with divorce and other factors also influences the outcome. (excerpt)


Background: Uncontrolled or sub optimally treated high blood pressure may have negative consequences on the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or renal systems. This may contribute to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The study assessed the sociodemographic predictors of medication adherence among adult patients with hypertension at the Hypertension Clinic of the Bawku Presbyterian Hospital in Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study setting was the hypertension clinic of the Bawku Presbyterian hospital in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 269 adults with hypertension referring to the clinic were recruited using convenience sampling in 2020. The Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure medication adherence whilst a researcher made questionnaire was used to gather data on demographic variables and contributory factors. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Regression analysis was done to identify predictors of medication adherence. 'P' value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all analyses. Results: Majority of the patients scored high on imperfect adherence (59.5%) to antihypertensive medication. The predictors of medication adherence were income (p=0.003), duration of being on antihypertensive (p=0.021) and level of education (p=0.000). Among the perceived factors influencing medication adherence, the patients were more agree with forgetfulness (92.6%), and inadequate knowledge on antihypertensive (82.6%). Conclusions: It is recommended that the health care team, especially nurses, in the face of patients with hypertension, investigate the predictive and influencing factors found in this study and take appropriate measures to ensure that patients adhere to the drug.


This paper describes an experiment and its results concerning research that has been going on for a number of years in the area of anthropomorphic user interface feedback. The main aims of the research have been to examine the effectiveness and user satisfaction of anthropomorphic feedback. The results are useful to all user interface designers wishing to improve the usability of their products. There is still disagreement in the research community concerning the usefulness of anthropomorphism at the user interface. This research is contributing knowledge to the aim of discovering whether such approaches are effective and liked by users. The experiment described in this paper, concerns the context of statistics tutoring/revision, which is part of the domain of software for in-depth learning. Anthropomorphic feedback was compared against an equivalent non-anthropomorphic feedback. The results indicated the anthropomorphic feedback to be preferred by users for some factors. However the evidence for effectiveness was inconclusive.


The purpose of this investigation is to compare the development of the boiling phenomenon in an analytical and numerical way, by means of the heat transfer coefficient for two phases and the steam quality with the R600a refrigerant, inside a square steel tube up to 3 cm side, the simulation is carried out using a software for computational fluid dynamics (fluid ANSYS). Finding an increase in steam quality for high calorie flow and low thickness. Finally, it finds the maximum phase change by boiling for flow of 400 kg/m²·s, heat of 20,000 W/m², with 88% steam for the central point in the exit edge condition.


Due to its high magnetic moment, FeCo film is a type of ferromagnetic material commonly used for recording pole tips in modern hard disk drives (HDDs). These FeCo pole tips are prone to corrosion because of the corrosive environment and wide pH variations during HDD production. The machine vision is then utilized for automatically auditing of these corroded pole tips. The developed image-processing approach comprises three steps: extraction of top-shield region, fusion of extracted features and decision-making. The key step, fusion of extracted features, employs two types of features which are area-based and contour-based features. The second feature is extracted by image filtering with a specially designed filter kernel. It is capable of extracting the position of corrosion from the top shield of the pole tip. The experiments show that the algorithm reveals corrosion with high accuracy, precision, specificity, as well as sensitivity, and the overall processing time satisfies the industrial environment.


Nasal symptoms were reduced following allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic rhinitis. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of SLIT for Japanese cedar pollinosis are poorly understood. We studied changes in the numbers of metachromatic cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils following SLIT for Japanese cedar pollinosis.


Microwave radar and radiometer measurements of grasslands indicate a substantial reduction in sensor sensitivity to soil moisture in the presence of a thatch layer. When this layer is wet it masks changes in the underlying soil, making the canopy appear warm in the case of passive sensors (radiometer) and decreasing backscatter in the active case (scatterometer). A model for a grass canopy with thatch is presented in order to explain this behavior and for comparison with observations. The canopy model consists of three layers: grass, thatch, and the underlying soil. The grass blades are modeled by elongated elliptical discs and the thatch is modeled as a collection of disk shaped water droplets (i.e., the dry matter is neglected). The ground is homogeneous and flat. The distorted Born approximation is used to compute the radar cross section of this three layer canopy and the emissivity is computed from the radar cross section using the Peake formulation for the passive problem. Results are computed at L-band (1.4 GHz) and C-band (4.75 GHz) using canopy parameters (i.e., plant geometry, soil moisture, plant moisture, etc.) representative of Konza Prairie grasslands. The results are compared to C-band scatterometer measurements and L-band radiometer measurements at these grasslands. >


We propose an abstract semantics for the goal independent analysis of properties of \procedure calls" in SLD derivations (call patterns). This can be used to derive information useful for logic program optimizations. 1 Introduction In this paper we consider a new application in the area of


The strength of cesium extraction afforded by a lipophilic calix[4]arene-crown-6 ether extractant can be enhanced by the addition of alcohol solvating components or "modifiers" to the solvent. For a given set of conditions (modifier and extractant concentrations), the degree of enhancement is highly dependent on the structural features of the modifier. To probe this dependence, a small library of alcohol modifiers bearing a common alkylphenoxy core, but differing in the type and placement of substituents, has been evaluated with respect to the effect on the cesium distribution ratio, D(Cs). It was found that the cesium distribution ratio can vary by over two orders of magnitude by appropriate substituent selection within the common core element. The identification of key alcohol modifier structural parameters has been essential to the development of a process for cesium removal from high-level waste. The relationship between the structure of the modifier and its ability to enhance cesium extractability will be discussed. "The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U. S. Government under contract No. DE-AC05-96OR22464. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for the U.S. Government purposes." This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC0596OR22464 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp.


THE Convention on the Settlement of Matters arising out of the War and the Occupation, which was signed at Bonn on May 26, 1952, by Mr. Dean Acheson for the United States of America, Mr. Anthony Eden (as he then was) for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, M. Schuman for the French Republic, and Herr Adenauer for the Federal Republic of Germany, deals in Chapter 10 with Foreign Interests in Germany. Article 5 of that Chapter, which forms the subject-matter of this article, provides:


This article provides a review of the materials published as a result of conferences organized by the Institute of World Literature of the RAS in 2007 and 2009. This integrated collection makes a significant contribution to the study of the life and work of the outstanding Russian writer I.S. Shmelev.


Average prices received for Australian minerals sector exports are forecast to rise by over 5 per cent in 2000-01; however, energy sector export prices are forecast to fall by 7 per cent. World demand for minerals and energy commodities is forecast to increase further in 2000-01, as a result of strong economic and industrial production growth in western Europe and Asia. However, world supplies of these commodities are also forecast to grow strongly, moderating increases in prices. Australia's earnings from minerals and energy exports are forecast to increase by 6 per cent in 2000-01.


The Logic Foundry is a system for the creation and integration of FPGA-based DSP systems. Recognizing that some of the greatest challenges in creating FPGA-based systems occur in the integration of the various components, we have developed a system that addresses the following four areas of integration: design flow integration, component integration, platform integration, and software integration. Using the Logic Foundry, a system can easily be specified, and then automatically constructed and integrated with system level software.


We report on the development of a Chirped Pulse Amplification system in which the final amplifier is a large Ti:Sapphire disk pumped by a frequency doubled Nd:Glass laser. Using this amplifier we have produced near diffraction limited 120 fs pulses with energies in excess of 1 J. Focusing of these pulses results in peak irradiances exceeding 5 X 1019 W/cm2. The scalability of this amplifier to the 10 - 20 J level is also discussed.


Context: Estimated Fetal weight (EFW) inuences the management and outcome of pregnancy.
Commonly used ultrasound fetal weight estimation like Hadlock four parameter method(Hadlock-4)
based on fetal biometry is widely used. These formulas show variable degrees of error which is more evident in fetuses with
nutritional and metabolic issues; better accuracy of fetal weight estimation can be obtained by incorporation of fetal soft tissue
parameters like the fetal subcutaneous tissue in the weight estimation process. To determine if measurement of fetalAims:
abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness (FASTT) for Estimating Fetal birth weight by ultrasound in Indian population.
Settings and Design: Method and Materials:Prospective observational study, A study was done in Department of Radio-
diagnosis facility of K.V.G. Medical College and Hospital, Sullia, enrolling 100 women of third trimeter pregnancy who
underwent ultrasonography and delivered within one week of scan. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness of the fetuses
was measured, from the inner to the outer aspect of the echogenic subcutaneous fat at the level of the abdominal circumference
(AC). Pearson coefcient. Mean age of 100 ladies enrolled was 26 years and 4 months.Statistical analysis used: Results:
FASTT was positively correlated with actual birth weight (Pearson's, r = 0.69, p < 0.001). FASTT of > 8.9 mm was sensitive to
predict large for gestational age (LGA) babies. FASTT can be used as an additional indicator to predict large forConclusion:
gestational age babies along with other known birth weight indicators to make it more reliable in Indian context.


A large part of disease burden with COVID is handled by containment strategies technically, an administrative exercise of mammoth proportions. This paper focuses on India's administrative issues pertaining to health posed by the pandemic.


Disclosed is a method for determining the lateral earth pressure based on the multi-functional piezocone penetration test (CPTU) probe. The invention relates to a method for determining the lateral earth pressure based on the multi-functional CPTU, wherein a head of the penetration test probe is connected to a probe rod (6); a three-component earthquake detector (5) is arranged at the upper half part of the lower section of the probe, an inclinometer (4) is arranged at the lower part of the three-component earthquake detector (5), a friction cylinder (3) is located at the lower part of the inclinometer (4), a probe (1) is connected to the lower part of the friction cylinder (3), a pore pressure filter ring (2) is located at the junction between the friction cylinder (3) and the probe (1). The lateral pressure coefficient is directly derived by normalization of a measured value of side friction resistance (FS/) and a predicted value of over consolidation ratio (OCR), and the OCR can be determined by the multi-functional CPTU testing technology in situ, wherein the correlation obtained by normalization of a net tip resistance and the OCR is reliable. The method is characterized by being in situ, fast, accurate, economic and the like.


Bley, Burns and Hahn used relative algebraic $K$-theory methods to formulate a precise conjectural link between the (second Adams-operator twisted) Galois-Gauss sums of weakly ramified Artin characters and the square root of the inverse different of finite, odd degree, Galois extensions of number fields. We provide concrete new evidence for this conjecture in the setting of extensions of odd prime-power degree by using a refined version of a well-known result of Ullom.


2 - Primer semestre, 2016 ABSTRACT. Introduction: the use of titanium miniplates is the gold standard in the treatment of facial fractures. A Colombian company has developed a system of osteosynthesis miniplates for the treatment of facial fractures, which was chemically and mechanically compared with an imported system. Methods: comparative in-vitro tests were carried out to analyze the chemical composition and the biomechanical behavior of the national and imported systems. A sample of 36 items was selected, including 24 miniplates and 12 screws, in order to mechanically assess their materials by means of tensile and flexural tests for the plates and torque strength tests for the screws, and to perform a microscopic analysis of the chemical composition of the plates of both brands by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: The findings showed that there are no major differences in terms of the chemical composition and the biomechanical behavior of the implants of both brands (national and imported) when assessing plates and screws separately. Conclusions: the results showed a higher content of titanium in the material of national plates; however, the mechanical properties of both brands are very similar. Taking into account the material's biomechanical characteristics, either system is a good choice when selecting a device for rigid internal fixation of facial fractur es.


Abstract : The superpressure balloon is a sealed, virtually non-extensible plastic cell that will float at a constant density altitude despite diurnal fluctuations in the "superheat" of the lifting gas. This type of balloon does not require ballast to maintain altitude. Instead, it depends upon the ability of the plastic cell to retain all of the lifting gas without significant change in volume, at varying pressures that always remain higher than ambient. The superpressure balloon is more efficient, and is considerably smaller than the valved balloon designed for the same altitude, payload and duration. It provides a highly stable platform for long-duration experiments in the stratosphere. General equations relating superpressure, superheat and free lift are derived and the allowable temperature-fluctuation limits for maintaining altitude are considered. The stringent physical requirements imposed upon suitable materials and some of the special materials-testing procedures for superpressure application are discussed. Design equations are given for the cylindrical, tetrahedral, onion and spherical shapes.


Dewey, John. 1944 Democracy and Education. New York: The Free Press. Eisenstadt, S. N. 1956 From Generation to Generation. New York: The Free Press. Miller, Stephen. 1973 "Ends, means and galumphing: Some leitmotifs of play." American Anthropologist 75:87-98. Moore, Omar K., and Alan R. Anderson. 1969 "Some principles for the design of clarifying educational environments." Pp. 571-613 in David Goslin (ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. New York: Rand McNally & Co. Piaget, Jean. 1965 The Moral Judgment of the Child. New York: The Free Press. Polgar, Sylvia Knopp. 1974 Teacher and Peer Socialization of Play Behavior among Sixth Grade Boys. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Roberts, John M., M. J. Arth, and R. W. Bush. 1959 "Games in culture." American Anthropologist 61:597-605. Turner, Victor. 1969 The Ritual Process. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co.


Lecture given Monday, June 27, 2005 at Abilene Christian University: "The basic theory, dynamics, and tasks of interim ministry will be explained by three trained interim ministry specialists. Information about what happens to your church during an interim ministry will be shared. Participants will discuss feasibility of forming an interim ministry network for Churches of Christ."


Practice teaching plays a very important role in consolidating and deepening the results of classroom teaching, cultivating students' ability to analyze and solving problems, the ability of hands-on, and the ability to innovate. It is the main way to realize the students' ability training and quality cultivation, and is the key to the implementation of quality education. Without practice teaching, quality education can not be implemented. Therefore, under the background of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, colleges and universities should take the initiative to adapt to the requirements of the development of the situation, in order to promote the quality education, and the water transportation major should work hard to build a whole set of practical teaching links, contents, methods, means and resources, as well as a set of practical teaching systems and practical teaching system of advanced technology applied talents in water transportation.


This study concerns the integration of remote sensing data at high temporal resolution associated with agro-meteorological data in the modelisation of agricultural production, at regional scale. Therefore, three objectives have been defined. The passing from a regional analysis of vegetation monitoring to a crop analysis during the vegetative cycle; the quantification of crop production thanks to on adding of radiometric elements (calculated at the previous step) in a productivity model, coming from Monteith model; and the spatialisation of production data thanks to the use of satellite imagery.


The Commission is a strategically sophisticated bureaucracy with the ability to expand its role and influence policy outcomes by acting as an image-venue entrepreneur. In difficult economic and political conditions, the Commission's recent strategic approach to the development of European Union (EU) social policy has been characterized by a dual approach. On the one hand, it has experimented with new institutional arrangements in order to build up a policy-making framework that lessens the influence of member governments. The development of the Social Dialogue and, to a lesser extent, a Civic Dialogue has been particularly important in this respect. On the other hand, the Commission has been reshaping the dominant 'image' of EU social policy from one based on social rights to an alternative which emphasizes that social policy contributes to stable economic growth and job creation. Its strategic ability to understand the way in which policy images and institutional venues interact affects the Commission's ...


The safe film technology is widely used in metalized film capacitor to provide protection for the metalized film capacitor and,to a certain extent,prevent occurrence of self-healing failure.For metalized film capacitor used in the field of AC or pulse discharge,the thermal effect can not be ignored because of the extremely thin metal electrode and large electrode resistance.At present,the safe film in wide application is roughly classified into such two types as T pattern and grid pattern.As for above two kinds of metalized film structure,their ESR(equivalent series resistance)is calculated and they are compared with general metalized film,which provides a definite reference for the operation feature analysis of capacitor adopting safe film structure.


A geometry model of bistatic SAR (BiSAR) is provided, which can quantitatively describe the different degree between transmitter and receiver trajectories. The proposed geometry model is derived on the assumption that the earth is local flat and transmitter and receiver antennas are at the side-looking mode. From the point of view of system analysis, the comprehensive properties of airborne, including spatial resolution, baseline range and bistatic angle, are envisaged based on the proposed geometry model. Some characteristics of BiSAR system are exhibited via overall simulation experiments and these appreciated results are helpful to gain further insight into design issues.


The vast majority of the world's remaining oil reserves are categorised as heavy / unconventional oils (high viscosity). Due to diminishing conventional oil reserves and the need to secure future energy supplies to a rising world population, the exploitation of unconventional oils will increase. As the development of these viscous deposits grows, so too will the requirement for accurate flow measurement of heavy crude oils and other viscous products.


The Article is devoted to justification of the importance of practicing physical training and sport which is prominent aspect for healthy life-style. It demonstrates ways of healthy life-style realization.


Vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis are rare entities. Although enterococci are a major cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis, hematogenous enterococcal vertebral osteomyelitis has rarely been reported. In this article, a geriatric case is presented who had visited our hospital with complaints of "distorting back pain" and weakness in the legs and who had been diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterococcus faecalis. In this case, the lesion of the patient was not distinguished from the metastasis with imaging studies, and the definitive diagnosis was confirmed by open tissue biopsy. As a result, bacteremic patients with back pain must be considered for vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis. Although imaging with MRI or a tissue biopsy will be helpful to confirm the diagnosis, open tissue biopsy and bone biopsy are more effective and


Older individuals exhibit a diminished ability to respond to and clear respiratory pathogens and, as such, experience a higher rate of lung infections with a higher mortality rate. It is unclear why respiratory pathogens impact older people disproportionately. Using human lung tissue from donors aged 22–68 years, we assessed how the immune cell landscape in lungs changes throughout life and investigated how these immune cells respond following in vitro exposure to influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2, two clinically relevant respiratory viruses. While the frequency of most immune cell subsets profiled in the human lung remained stable with age, memory CD8+ T cells declined, with the tissue‐resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T‐cell subset being most susceptible to age‐associated attrition. Infection of lung tissue with influenza virus resulted in an age‐associated attenuation in the antiviral immune response, with aged donors producing less type I interferon (IFN), GM‐CSF and IFNγ, the latter correlated with a reduction of IFNγ‐producing memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, irrespective of donor age, exposure of human lung cells to SARS‐CoV‐2, a pathogen for which all donors were immunologically naïve, did not trigger activation of local immune cells and did not result in the induction of an early IFN response. Our findings show that the attrition of tissue‐bound pathogen‐specific Trm in the lung that occurs with advanced age, or their absence in immunologically naïve individuals, results in a diminished early antiviral immune response which creates a window of opportunity for respiratory pathogens to gain a greater foothold.


1 that relates the kinematics of a flapping wing with the circulation of the leading edge vortex produced. We show experimentally that a characteristic value of the formation parameter is associated with vortex saturation and maximum transient lift production, and then we further generalize the definition of the formation pa rameter b y explicitly including the wing shape in its formulation. This allows a "reverse engineering" of the shape of a flapping wing , starting from its kinematics. We demonstrate the concept by considering Drosophila Melanogaster as a case study, showing that the aspect ratio of its wings is determined by the need to form vortices of max imal circulation while flapping.


Glued-laminated wood beams (glulams) have low allowable shear stresses relative to competitive engineering wood products such as parallel strand lumber and laminated veneer lumber. For heavily loaded applications such as garage door headers, the lower shear allowable stresses typically necessitate the use of larger glulam members relative to other engineered lumber. This paper reports on experimental research aimed at increasing the shear capacity of glulams. To increase the shear strength, a series of fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) pins are inserted into holes drilled transversely across the plies of the glulam. These pins are epoxy-bonded into place after the glulam has been produced. The test results show that the shear strength scatter in the pinned set of glulams is significantly reduced as compared to the unpinned specimens. Two- and three-parameter Weibull estimates of the service-level allowables increases between 40% and 100% for specimen sets reinforced by the FRP pins. The transverse reinforc...


The goal of this paper is to discuss the designing ideal of a parallel clustering algorithm for Cluster System. As a kind of low-cost all-purpose parallel computing system,the bottleneck of Cluster System is the communication a- bility compared to the computing ability.This paper proposes the idea of adopting data parallelism when designing a parallel clustering algorithm for Cluster System.Firstly,this paper theoretically analyzes the influence of the speedup and the choice of communication scheme.And then develops a parallel clustering algorithm named PARC.The experi- ments prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis and show that parallel clustering algorithm could obtain good quality of clustering as linear clustering algorithm.This theoretical analysis will help us to design better parallel cluste- ring algorithm based on Cluster System.


My political radicalism was a by-product of growing up in South Africa—of the liberalism of my mother and the communist leanings of my father. South Africa in the 1950s and 1960s was a strange and terrible place. Young white people like me lived in a world of privilege, wealth, and advantage. The extent of our advantage was most evident in the disadvantage of the non-white South African people (Black Africans, Coloureds, and Indians), who vastly outnumbered and surrounded us in every aspect of our daily lives. Our homes had servants who lived in servant quarters in the backyards. Some homes had one servant, some had three and four. Few white homes had none. Servants prepared our food, made our beds each morning, polished our shoes each day, and tended our parents' gardens. In affluent homes, they served us our meals, and we could, as teenagers returned from school, call to one or another of the servants to bring our lunch or a cup of tea.


In women, the round ligament is attached to the uterus near the origin of the fallopian tube, and a small evagination of parietal peritoneum accompanies the round ligament through the inguinal canal to the labium majorum. This small evagination of parietal peritoneum, named the canal of Nuck in women, is the equivalent of the processus vaginalis in men. Incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis causes indirect inguinal hernia or hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, a very rare condition in women. Here, we report a case of ovary-containing hernia of the canal of Nuck that was diagnosed with ultrasonography and was surgically confirmed. Gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic features studied were: the site and the size of the hernia, the texture of the hernia contents and the presence or absence of blood flow in the hernia contents. J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 39-41


Healthcare technology is in use for a decade or more in India. The use of technology in healthcare especially in public health is very common due to the recent development in Information Communication Technology. The cost of equipments in ICT in general are falling. But in healthcare, some of the equipments costs very high. Such equipments are commissioned in various locations in India. This includes some of the remote areas. The present talk is an attempt to assess the effect of such technology on the public health system. The utilisation of such systems depends on various factors. They include, costs involved in maintaining such systems, the benefits of such systems to the health personnel and the general population, what are the advantages of such systems over the traditional systems, what are the benefits of such systems on the administration, the impact on the managerial efficiency, how does the system address the HR needs in the public health, what the skills expected out of the health personnel and the general population for using such systems.


Leaves of Actinodaphne hookeri Meissn (Family Lauraceae; local name: Pisa) has been in use traditionally for the treatment of diabetes and disorders of the urinary tract which are more common in Chattisgarh and eastern part of India. In the present study, leaves of A. hookeri were subjected to phytochemical investigation and evaluated for anti-diabetic activity. The ethanol and the chloroform extract were found to have significant (p<0.01) blood glucose lowering effect. The extracts also significantly (p<0.01) lowered the increased serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and glycosides as the major constituents in the ethanol extract. The chloroform extract also showed significant (p<0.01) antihyperglycemic activity and contained alkaloids and triterpenes. It is concluded that the antidiabetic activity of A. hookeri may be due to the presence of alkaloids and triterpenes, and might be promising for the development of phytomedicine for diabetes mellitus along with its associated complications.


Modern applications running on Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip vary their workload dynamically. This gives the opportunity to the designers to perform dynamic frequency scaling (DFS). Thus the system adapts to the workload requirements of the application and increases its power efficiency. In this work, we present a DFS technique based on the workload trend of a dynamic application. The designer can adjust the frequency of the system by analyzing the workload fluctuations without degrading the final performance or violating any deadlines. To achieve this we employ an abstract model of workload analysis that combines advanced mathematical tools from the Chaos Theory domain, allowing us to handle dynamic data streams with complex behavior. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach we applied it using a workload from a real application on a cycle-accurate Network-on-Chip simulation framework. The simulation results showed that the proposed technique can achieve remarkable improvements at the final power consumption, between 17.5% and 37.8%, depending on the system constraints.


In studying crack problems in a piezoelectric material, ma crack models have been proposed and some fracture criteria been established. The author of @1# presented a new permeab crack model. That is, a permeable crack is modeled as a rec gular hole having height h0 . The first-order perturbation solutio in terms of small parameter h0 is derived, and asymptotic electro elastic field, together with field intensity factors, local and glob energy release rates are further determined. The obtained the ical prediction agrees basically with experimental observati Here, we would like to make some discussions on @1#. In deriving the results in@1#, Eq. ~45! is crucial. However, based on~44!, ~45! does not hold unless ẼX(X,Y) and ẼX (X,Y) are linear functions with respect to variable Y and independent o variableX. The reason is that, if denoting


The issue of spreading informal employment is relevant for many countries, regardless of their level of socio-economic development and has pronounced geographical and national specific features. Most countries try to optimize this phenomenon and maximize legalization of labor relations. The author of the paper analyzes various approaches to regulate informal employment, including those existing within the framework of dominant schools of thoughts, as well as implemented in practice by separate countries. Through analysis of existing theoretical and applied approaches, the author sets the goal of finding relevant solutions aimed at reducing informal employment and improving the quality of the general employment structure for the Russian labor market. Integration of successful foreign practices in Russian conditions can reduce the time and costs of implementing respective programs, as well as increase their effectiveness. The main conclusion of the study is that reduction of informal employment depends on implementation of integrated and systemic measures covering all areas of the institutional, economic, social and legal environment. In conclusion, proposals are presented which, according to the author, can form the basis of the state program of legalizing employment.


This is a statement by Mihai Tanasescu at the Board meeting of December 11, 1997 concerning the Country Assistance Strategy progress report for Togo.


..................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Concept of Competitive Strategy ....................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Organizational Performance ............................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Telecommunications Industry in Kenya ............................................................. 5 1.1.4 Telecommunication firms Operating in Kenya .................................................. 6 1.2 Research Problem ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Research Objectives ................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Value of the Study ................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................13 2.


We are conducting a pilot study on the hydrothermal alteration of lavas at Lassen Volcanic National Park as an analog for potential hydrothermal deposits on Mars. Lassen has hot springs and fumaroles that have altered its lavas into silica, sulfates, and phyllosilicates, all mineral types also identified on Mars. Hydrothermal environments were likely common on Mars (due to evidence of early aqueous and a long record of volcanic activity), and such environments could have remained habitable long after the surface cooled and desiccated. However, some hydrothermal environments are more habitable than others, and being able to distinguish between the deposits of hostile acid-sulfate fumarole and more accommodating near-neutral hot spring environments can provide clues to habitability. Lassen hydrothermal environments produce silica by both acid-sulfate leaching and precipitation from neutral hydrothermal waters, both of which have been suggested as potential origins for deposits in Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater on Mars.


Low temperature magnetization data obtained for titanium (III) doped caesium gallium alum show a spectacular deviation from Brillouin behavior with the magnetization highly dependent on the strength of the applied field at a given value of B/T. This arises from unprecedented higher-order contributions to the magnetization and these measurements afford the determination of the Zeeman coefficients to third order. This anomalous magnetic behavior is a manifestation of Jahn-Teller coupling giving rise to low-lying vibronic states which mix into the ground state through the magnetic field.


Disposed active substance therein to provide uncoated particles of reversed cubic phase or reversed hexagonal phase material. Uncoated particles have a sufficient ionic charge to stabilize the particles in a dispersed state in a liquid (such as a polar solvent). Active ingredient dispersed in the particles is, for example, a pharmaceutical compound or compounds of nutritional and medicinal. The present invention is also intended to form a drug is effective at very low doses provides a greatly increased and, or the same duration of the duration of drug activity include reversed cubic phase or reversed hexagonal phase to.


This paper dealswith the main reasons that cause the philosophy course going into an embarrassing position.It advocates philosophical competence and cultivation in public philosophy teaching.In the course of teaching, on the one hand ,we should focus on training studentsabilities, not only in thinking dialectically,putting forward new ideas critically and express in languages,but also in analyzing and solving problems by means of philosophical viewpoints.On the other hand,in order to get an effective recreation in education,we should combine the education of interesting philosophy,which has strong sense of times,rich favor of life and real feeling,with the education of philosophical competence and cultivation.