Motivation 3D physical modelling is a powerful computational technique which allows for the simulation of complex systems such as consortia of mixed bacterial species. The complexities in physical modelling reside in the knowledge intensive model building process and the computational expense in calculating their numerical solutions. These models can offer insights into microbiology, both in understanding natural systems and as design tools for developing novel synthetic bacteria. Developing a robust synthetic system typically requires multiple iterations around the specify->design->build->test cycle to meet specifications. This process is laborious and expensive for both the computational and laboratory aspects, hence any improvement in any of the workflow steps would be welcomed. We have previously introduced Simbiotics (Naylor, 2017) a powerful and flexible platform for designing and analysing three-dimensional simulations of mixed species bacterial populations. Simbiotics requires programming experience to use which creates barriers to entry for use of the tool. Results In the spirit of enabling biologists who may not have programming skills to install and utilise Simbiotics, we present in this application note Easybiotics, a user-friendly graphical user interface for Simbiotics. Users may design, simulate and analyse models from within the GUI, with features such as live graph plotting and parameter sweeps. Easybiotics provides full access to all of Simbiotics simulation features, such as cell growth, motility and gene regulation. Availability Easybiotics and Simbiotics are free to use under the GPL3.0 license, and can be found at: https://bitbucket.org/simbiotics/simbiotics/wiki/Home Contact email@example.com


The objective of this study on the school facilities, needs, investments and costs in Paraguay is to attempt to provide answers to help inform decision-making by the Ministry of Education on a whole host of fundamental questions on the basis of the administrative budget data, as well as data collected from schools through a census of school infrastructure in 2008. The study consists of four chapters in addition to the introduction. Chapter 2 provides a basic diagnosis of the state of infrastructure in primary and secondary public schools of Paraguay. Chapter 3 provides an analysis of trends in the previous budget allocations of basic infrastructure for primary and secondary schools. Chapter 4 further considers the question of what are the most necessary facilities. Finally, Chapter 5 examines whether investments in classrooms are well targeted.


For the known spectral methods (Galerkin, Tau, Collocation) the condition number behaves like 0(N4) (N: maximal degree of polynomials). We introduce a spectral method with an 0(N2) condition number. The advantages with respect to propagation of rounding errors and preconditioning are demonstrated. A direct solver for constant coefficient problems is given. Extensions to variable coefficient problems and first-order problems are discussed. Numerical results are presented, showing the effectiveness of our methods.


The results of ferromagnetic resonance experiments on 10 nm polycrystalline films of Fe with very thin surface layers of Ni and Co, using Si and a high temperature superconductor (YBCO) as substrates is reported herein. An earlier fmr investigation of Fe films on YBCO showed strongly temperature dependent linewidths and resonance fields but only small effects in Fe on Si. In this work, the resonance of Fe on Si is found to be significantly narrower when the Fe film has thin (0.5 to 1.0 nm) Ni surface layers, compared to uncoated Fe; linewidths are as narrow as 15 Oe at 9 GHz. However, when YBCO substrates are used, the iron resonance properties are nearly the same as in the case where no Ni was used. This indicates that the effects seen in earlier work were not the result of an oxide layer on the Fe but may indicate a magnetically active surface layer in the YBCO. Co surface layers have the effect of producing strongly temperature dependent anisotropies and linewidths on all substrates used, with the stro...


Grid resources scheduling has become a challenge in the computational Grid. This paper reviews efficient management techniques for managing resources in Grid computing which crucially depends upon the efficient mapping of the jobs to resources according to the user's requirements. The mapping of the jobs is an NP-Complete problem. There is no best solution for all grid computing system. In grid atmosphere Job and resource scheduling is one of the key research area in grid environment.


A fundamental requirement for any cellular system is the possibility for the device to request a connection setup, commonly referred to as random access procedure. In LTE (long term evolution) networks, the distribution of a limited number of radio resources among H2H (Human-to-Human) users and increasing number of MTC (Machine-Type-Communication) devices in M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications is one of the main problems. An analytical model is conducted to compute the throughput for message 1 and message 2. This is done using a Markov chain model for the four messages signaling flow with buffering for message 4. This model is used in LTE 3GPP (Third-Generation Partnership Project) random access. The network performance will be enhanced by determining a dedicated arrival rate corresponding to maximum throughput of message 2 that will assist the network planner to optimize the network performance. In this paper, a deduced arrival rate less than 3.333 requests/ms will maximize network throughput.


The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the Bone manuscript from the aspect of punctuation, both tajweed and waqaf. Because this manuscript is so complex, all aspects touch on every part of this manuscript, the aspects that will be discussed in this manuscript are aspects of tajwid and waqf signs. Reading the Qur'an with recitation is a non-negotiable necessity, so it is important to pay attention to the laws of nūn mati, mim mati, ikhfa or iqlab, as well as about the law of reading mad and others. This is the reason why the ancient Qur'anic copiers included the tajweed signs they thought were necessary. In this ancient mushaf, for example, it is clear about the efforts made by the writers to give certain signs to the tajwid readings and so do the waqf signs. For tajwid markings on Bone mushafs, use  the letter غ for  gunnah, the letter خ for  ikhfa' and the letter ظ for  idzhar reading, for mad obligatory muttasisil readings it is marked with a set of three lines with a red line above. While reading mad jaiz munfasil is marked with a red line. Meanwhile, the waqf sign used in this manuscript  is ط for  mutlaq  waqf, the letter ك is for  waqaf kafi', and the letter ت is for tamm waqf.


This paper details implementation of a multi node computer network on a single timeshare facility. Nodes are composed of three integrated software modules and from one to five serial asynchronous teletype ports. Each software module corresponds to a conceptual layer of network operation. Each teletype port forms a network communication link.


Abstract The phenotypic diversity of four purslane populations, one was grown in green house and three are spontaneous, was estimated by the analyses of 19 morphological characters. The discriminante (DISC) analyse performed on the chosen characters has shown a strong interpopulation heterogeneity as well as between the cultivated population and the spontaneous one in one hand, as between the spontaneous populations in the other hand. This analyse has shown the presence of two varieties: Portulaca oleracea subsp. sylvestris (DC.) Celak., distinguished by its prostate, reddish and fleshy stems, and Portulaca oleracea subsp. sativa (Haw.) Celak., characterized by its taller upright growth habit and larger leaves and seeds. This results suggest large differences between the cultivated and the spontaneous plant as a consequence of different soil, temperature and nutrition conditions under green house, but also genetic diversity is expected among some spontaneous populations.


This work‐in‐progress study explores users' perceived credibility of health‐related YouTube videos and proposes a credibility evaluation framework consisting of twelve criteria across four levels: source, content, creator, and interaction. College students who use YouTube for health information were invited to participate in an online survey. A pilot study was carried out with a small sample size. The findings from the pilot study showed that participants frequently accessed health videos, mainly for specific diseases, treatments, mental health, nutrition, and fitness. There were statistically significant associations between source and interaction, as well as source and creator. Further analyses with a larger sample size will be performed and reported at the 2023 ASIS&T annual meeting. We believe the findings from this study could enhance the understanding of users' attitudes and behaviors of seeking and sharing health information on YouTube.


Ever since Kwame Nkrumah became the president of an independent Ghana in 1957, the Pan-Africanist dream of a United States of Africa has been mooted by continental leaders. Although Nkrumah's ideas did not come to fruition, over fifty years later the dream had not faded, and by 2007, such a proposal was again being considered at the highest levels of the African Union (AU). Furthermore, in 2013, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the AU announced it to be the year of 'PanAfricanism and African Renaissance', providing an opportunity to work towards a more closely integrated continent. This decision by the AU reinforces the notion that an integrated Africa is still a pressing concern for some nations. Yet, the Pan-Africanist ideal of establishing a Union Government, with the aim of eventually creating a United States of Africa is by no means universally popular across the continent; a dream largely promoted by a minority of dominant personalities such as former Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi. However, the elephant in the room is why would African leaders even discuss the idea of a more unified continent, when many member states are so unwilling to participate and engage with AU institutions (p.4)? In Integrating Africa, Martin Welz sets out to examine this dilemma, and delve into the reasons behind the varying levels of engagement with the AU across the continent.


Pamphlet arguing the advantages of breast milk for a human infant, and listing the daily food intake needed by the expectant and nursing mother. The back pages states that New Zealand needs more babies - "our birthrate is unsatisfactory for a young virile country. We need more babies in New Zealand to make possible economic survival, National Security and happiness".
Two copies held.
Quantity: 1 colour photo-mechanical print(s).
Physical Description: Pamphlet folded to 185 x 92 mm.


This article examines order maintenance in a contemporary local community—the apartment house—and focuses on the social control activities woven into the role of the apartment superintendent as a low-status service occupation. While significant social control functions are expected of the superintendent, only weak sanctions are provided, and these are further offset by the countervailing sanctions available to tenants. The situation encourages two modes of adaptation: A strong emphasis on the selection of tenants who are likely to conform and the cultivation of good will of tenants through interpersonal relations and provision of services. Both serve the interests of landlords by, respectively, allowing owners to distance themselves from the "dirty work" of discrimination and providing built-in motivation for job performance in excess of minimum requirements for low-paid, largely unsupervised labor. The embedded system in which tenants and superintendents find themselves is, in effect, one in which they control each other for the benefit of the landlord.


This paper,based on the teaching practice of comprehensive practice curriculum "Comprehensive Course Design" for Beijing City Institute's electronic information engineering design,introduces and discusses the curriculum idea,course content and the basic requirements and arrangement,the points for attention,and the reflection of the course,and points out that comprehensive utilization knowledge's ability is one of the important applied talents abilities,and the requirements of the comprehensive design practice teaching are higher for teachers to do keep combination.


This research was conducted to determine the effect of nyisip in raw of legowo planting system toward microclimate and paddy's productivity of Cigeulis variety. This research using completely randomized design, with six treatments and 3 replications, they are: K0 (the treatment which appropriated to farmers custom), K1 (the treatment of legowo 2:1 nyisip), K2 (the treatment of legowo 3:1 nyisip), K3 (the treatment of legowo 4:1 nyisip), K4 (the treatment of legowo 5:1 nyisip) and K5 (the treatment of legowo 6:1 nyisip). The result of this research shown that the treatment of K1 got the higest intensity of sun shine at 23.817 lux and got the highest temperature at 27,20°C. The treatment of K0 has the highest relativity humudity at 79,30%. The treatment of K5 is the highest productivity per area at 6,06 ton/ha.


The water regime study of Astragalus adsurgens pall.cv. in Huangfuchuan watershed was conducted in growing season of 1998 (Abundant Precipitation) and 1999 (Deficit Precipitation).The results confirmed the following conclusion. The daily change of transpiration rate of A. adsurgens pall.cv. has one peak .The seasonal change of its transpiration rate increased with soil water content and precipitation increasing. The mean value of transpiration rate in 1998 and 1999 is 2.114 g /(g·h) and 1.945 g /(g·h)respectively. The aboveground biomass and water consumption of A.adsurgens pall.cv. has similar steps.


Public health guidelines and recommendations are developed to provide information for health professionals and the public about specific behaviours or practices to maximise individual and/or population health. They are based on the best available evidence of the known benefits or dangers. Obvious examples include eating two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables per day, exclusive breastfeeding until six months, limiting alcohol consumption, and 30 minutes of physical activity a day on most days.


In order to meet the demand of massive work of fire risk assessment,a semi quantitative building fire risk assessment system based on principles of fire risk assessment in buildings was proposed.Risk matrix converts the severity measure of each fire scenario and its respective frequency to fire risk.The sum of fire risk in each possible fire scenario is the fire risk of assessed building.Attributes that characterize fire risk are identified and considered by using accident control factor.The main factor of fire severity are considered with occupants vulnerability factor,building vulnerability factor and fire control factor.Fuzzy synthetic evaluation,analytic hierarchy process and multi-attribute evaluation are used in the development of parameter weights and evaluating factor values.Finally it is shown that how the system are used for fire risk assessment in a hospital building.


An air cleaner arrangement is shown. The air cleaner arrangement includes a serviceable filter cartridge comprising strips of media arranged in a stacked configuration. The strips of media each comprise a corrugated sheet secured to a facing sheet. A preferred filter cartridge positioned within the air cleaner arrangement, is depicted.


The sol–gel method has been used to entrap photochromic naphthopyran molecules in ormosil coatings. The resulting films exhibited a rapid and reversible color change upon irradiation with UV light, leading to deeply colored coatings. The bleaching of the samples can be attained by both thermal and photo-induced processes. The photochromic properties of different naphthopyran derivatives in the sol–gel matrix were measured, such as the absorption spectra of bleached and colored states as well as the thermal and photoinduced decay kinetics.


Let m > r ≥ 1 and k1 km be integers, and C = color i 1 ≤ i ≤ m be a color set. Let W r k1 km be the smallest positive integer n such that if any integer in 1 n is colored with an r -subset of C, then there must exist an arithmetic progression of ki terms in which any integer is colored with an r -subset of C containing color i. In this paper, such a set-coloring generalization of the van der Waerden number is proposed and studied. By studying such a set-coloring generalization, van der Waerden numbers can be understood better. On the other hand, computing set-coloring van der Waerden numbers can be regarded as a new challenge.


This paper presents an experimental study based on the active control of sound transmission
through narrow opening of a casament window below. The main objective of the paper is to
demostrate the feasibility of the technique used to limit the loss of attenuation opening windows
and its application to the noise produced by overflying aircraft. The experimental window is
placed on the facade of a house near an airport and active control is configured to drop the
pressure in the opening using and adaptive feedforward only input and output, getting reduced
sound transmission whithout increase noise levels elsewhere.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH15-11-0911 Thromb Haemost 2016; 115: 230–232 As a synopsis providing feedback on the successful publications of the previous two years and in keeping with a good tradition, we are honoured to start with a spotlight on the highly cited position statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group of Thrombosis devoted to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) and related to the topic papers by Dickneite et al. and by Schulman (1-3). Several of the most highly cited papers have been referring to different aspects of atrial fibrillation (AF), including the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of screening as well as patient attitudes (4-7). This follows a successful theme issue on the NOACs in AF highlighting the state of the art in this rapidly evolving field (8-10). Particular interest was attracted by the publications of Lei et al. reporting the antithrombotic properties of anfibatide in vivo and in vitro (11) and by Geddings at al. offering among other targets an overview on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in animal models of thrombosis and opening perspectives for safer anticoagulant drugs (12). While work by de Stoppelaar et al. revealed the diagnostic and therapeutic applicability of activated platelets in sepsis (13), Nencioni et al. suggested a potential of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors for the prevention of plaque vulnerability (14). Furthermore, Badrnya et al. evaluated the significance of smoking-related changes while using microRNA or PMV profiles as disease-specific biomarkers (15). The specific focus of the Theme Issues published in 2015 also included platelets and venous thromboembolism. For instance, platelet turnover as possible biomarker in pathogenesis, progression and prognosis of atherothrombotic diseases was a central topic featured in the state-of-theart review by Freynhofer et al. (16). In addition, Cabrera-Fuentes et al. established the concept of extracellular RNA as a potential pro-inflammatory marker (17). While Mannucci et al. provided insights into the genetics of thrombosis (18), Riva et al. evaluated risk factors to establish a link between arterial and venous thromboembolic events (19). Personalised treatment designs became a key topic in a variety of reviews. Among these, a viewpoint article by Santilli et al. assessed the strategies for tailored application of aspirin for prevention in diabetes mellitus (20). The concept of individualised therapeutic approaches for anti-platelet treatment with P2Y12 receptor inhibitors was discussed in a review by Siller-Matula et al. (21). Moreover, Spek et al. elaborated on the important influence of coagulation on tumour progression mechanisms and suggested novel approaches for patient selection (22).


As an experimental necessity, past flame spread studies have relied on fast burning cellulosic papers. For the longer duration tests planned for the International Space Station a 50% fiberglass, 50% cotton composite fabric is better suited for the novel fuel feeding system in the compact hardware design of a current microgravity combustion experiment. The fabric's combustion characteristics in normal gravity include unexpected cases where a flame can be sustained on one side of the fuel. One‐sided flames are smaller in size than their two‐sided counterparts, and propagate at half the speed. Surface temperature distributions were measured using infrared imaging and indicated a high temperature region caused by the non‐flammable fiberglass. Breaching the fiberglass matrix made it possible for the flame to transfer to the other side of the fuel, suggesting that the fiberglass matrix acts as a flame arrester. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Based on the column-oriented database called Hbase, by using a distributed file system HDFS in Hadoop as the underlying storage system, and utilizing Map/Reduce data programming model as a distributed data processing engine, this paper proposes an improved Apriori algorithm based on coding and Map/Reduce (CMR-Apriori) which is able to process data in distributed cloud computing environment and is applicable in book sales system. Results of this study demonstrate that the system is capable of realizing various functions such as fast-analysis, low redundancy, and exhibiting good performance in terms of interactivity, scalability and high reliability.


Polymer films were prepared with UV radiation from urethane acrylate oligomer (LR 8739) mixed with a photoinitiator (Irgacur 184) and a number of reactive diluents chosen from monofunctional monomers (such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylhexyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate), difunctional monomers (hexane dioldiacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, and tripropylene diacrylate), and a trifunctional monomer (trimethylol propane triacrylate). The optimum concentrations of the photoinitiator, oligomer, and diluents were determined. Various properties of the cured films such as pendulum hardness, gel content, swelling ability, tensile strength, and elongation at break were also determined. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the diluents were correlated with tensile properties and those of the film. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


InN nanorods were grown on a, c‐, and r‐plane of sapphire and also on Si (111) and GaN (0001) by non‐catalytic, template‐free hydride metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy and studied by transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss (EELS) and photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. These nanocrystals have different shapes and different faceting depending on the substrate used and their crystallographic orientation. EELS measurements have confirmed the high purity of these crystals. The observed PL peak was in the range of 0.9–0.95 eV. The strongest PL intensity was observed for the nanocrystals with the larger diameters.


The antibody response to the dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten was studied in mice depleted of T cells. It was found that 'nude' mice or neonatally thymectomized mice which had also been injected with antilymphocyte serum responded after the injection of DNP conjugated to the thymus-independent carrier, Salmonella flagella (DNP Fla), but not the thymus-dependent carrier, fowl γ-globulin. The IgM primary response was completely normal, but the IgG response was about 1/5–1/3 of normal. The IgM secondary response was normal but the IgG response was minimal. The results indicate that in the CBA/H/Wehi strain, and in non-inbred nude mice IgM production to DNP Fla is a thymus-independent process, in the sense that the magnitude of the response does not depend on T cells. The IgG response to DNP Fla, while present, was reduced, and may thus be partly thymus dependent. The results were interpreted in the light of current knowledge of the mechanism of T/B lymphocyte cooperation, which involves two factors, a specific factor which is a complex of IgT and antigen, which acts indirectly on B cells first binding to macrophages, forming a matrix of antigen, and a non-specific factor which acts directly on B cells. It is speculated that the relative lack of IgG in the absence of T cells may be partly due to a deficiency in the non-specific factor. Furthermore, the diminished persistence of antigen which has been reported by Mitchell et al. in nude mice, as compared with their litter mates, would also influence the later IgG response relatively more than the earlier IgM response.


Pigments are substances consisting of particles which are practically insoluble in the application medium. They are used to provide color but in addition can provide corrosion inhibiting, magnetic, electrical or electromagnetic properties . The range of application media for pigments includes paints, coatings, plastics, printing inks, construction materials, ceramic products, glass, enamel, and cosmetic formulations.


In this study, we model extreme rainfall to study the high rainfall events in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We investigated the effect of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD), and Mad‐ den–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on extreme rainfall events. We also assume that events in a location are affected by events in other nearby locations. Using rain‐ fall data from the province of South Sulawesi, the results showed that extreme rainfall events are related to IOD and MJO.


To have an insight of the effects of salt wedge on suspended sediment concentration (SSC), we carried out experiments of intruding salt wedge in flume with fresh turbid water of non-cohesive particles and salt water free of sediment. Two sets of Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP) were used to record instantaneous velocity profiles in the saline affected zone near the bed. The acoustic back scattered signal amplitudes (AMP) in the measurements were used to estimate SSC at the same point and the same time. The results show that around the interface shear of exchange flow is remarkable and SSC increases noticeably. Flow analysis indicates that large scale turbulence from interfacial instability is the main power source to enhance sediment carrying capacity of the flow. It weakens and retards the particles in the upper turbid layer sinking to the lower saline zone. However, the energy dissipation doesn't show much change.


By developing and applying a homogenization scheme for elastodynamics, Willis discovered that the momentum of composite materials is macroscopically coupled with their strain through a constitutive tensor. This now-termed Willis tensor not only enlarges the design space of metamaterials, but is also necessary for obtaining a meaningful effective description that respects basic physical laws. In this talk, I will show how additional tensors of Willis type emerge by generalizing the homogenization theory of Willis to thermoelastic-, piezomagnetic- or piezoelectric media. I will provide examples for the latter case that exhibit an electromomentum coupling. I will show that this coupling is necessary for describing the effective properties of asymmetric piezoelectric media using a homogenized description that respects reciprocity and energy conservation. Finally, I will demonstrate how this coupling can be used to realize a device that actively control the phase of elastic waves.


Abstract This text gives an account of the experience of reading Clarice Lispector's Água Viva in the form of a brief dialogue with the text. It foregrounds the writing voice's address of a second person and the attention this address brings to the acts of writing and reading that hold the two pronouns in relation, producing at once an infinite and nonexistent distance from being to being. The dialogue observes Lispector's insistent return to the formulation "atrás do pensamento," which has been translated into English as "beyond thought" and can also be translated as "behind-thought" or as the background of thought, in a more spatial sense. Nancy reads the translation into French, where this spatial nuance is preserved, in consultation with Lusophone interlocutors about the specificities of the Portuguese original. The dialogue interrogates the link across this dimension, the recurrence of the pronoun it in the original Portuguese version of Água Viva, and the acts of writing and reading a text that brings awareness to a living, pulsing, ongoing, and escaping instant beyond meaning that is nonetheless the cause of the address in the first place. The dialogue follows the thread of this movement as it slips out behind thought, where Água Viva meets other books attuned to the instant and in which the dialogue's "I" feels their vitalizing effects.


Product design is a complex activity because it is a cross of various fields. Lecturing this activity in universities is also a challenge for lecturers because these activities require not only knowledge but also experience. On the other hand, the industry expects human resources that are compatible with industrial standards. The Reverse Engineering (RE) method is one solution to this problem. This qualitative-descriptive research with the literature study method aims to determine the role of reverse engineering in engineering and design education, especially in product design subject. The author conducted the study from the book and science journal source to define the aspect related to RE activity in engineering and design education. According to this research, it can be concluded that the RE method has a role in providing knowledge about various aspects of the design of some products through the practice of disassembling and evaluating existing products. Then this method also has a role in providing knowledge through practice in designing a product. Various equipment, both hardware and software are required in this method. The challenges that arise are related to the limited cost of procuring sample products and workshop facilities and limited lecture time.


Explore the new teaching model of Microbiology, enhance the teaching quality and ultimately cultivate applied talents of biopharmaceutical major. Track the progress of frontier scientific research to optimize teaching contents, expand opening experiments to improve experimental teaching, and strengthen and innovate practice and internship in combination with school running and major characteristics. Through the indepth cooperation between theoretical and practical teaching, this course has become more professional, practical and cuttingedge. That has greatly enhanced students' enthusiasm and subjective initiative in learning, cultivated their logical thinking and practical abilities, and improved their ability in scientific exploration and professional quality, thus laying a solid foundation for cultivating their comprehensive professional quality. Keywords—Microbiology; Biopharmacy; Teaching Reform;


Measurements and theoretical analysis complement each other. Experimental acceleration and strain data used to calculate coefficients of low-frequency vibrational modes of object under test. An iterative comparison of experimental and calculated strains give modal model of improved accuracy that predicts strains under operating conditions. Method useful in fatigue life and reliability analyses of buildings, pumps, engines, vehicles, and other systems subject to vibrations and loud noises during operation.


In 1928, Levin (Lеwіn) and Beringer (Beringer) proposed to use the alkaloid banesterol, obtained from the wood of the South American plant "Banisteria Caapi", for severe post-encephalitic lesions of the nervous system.с


The coordination and collaboration of many links are required to achieve the successful development of a high-quality clinical randomized controlled trial, in which, the compliance of the researchers affects the ultimate results and quality of the study since it is responsible for the safety and benefits of subjects in the trials and study quality. Focusing on the researchers' compliance, it is believed that the improvements in the researchers' compliance are very significant in the implementation of study scheme. At present, commonly, the researchers are of the low compliance, manifest as failure to obey the study scheme (such as inclusive criteria, enrollment sequence), failure to obey the rules of operation and data collection, failure to store the original documents but to modify the data, failure to report timely adverse events, etc. In view of clinical research monitors, the reasons on the low compliance are analyzed and the solutions are proposed.


Discussion and author's closure of paper 41–18 by J. W. Milnor, presented at the AIEE winter convention, Philadelphia, Pa., January 27–31, 1941, and published in AIEE TRANSACTIONS, 1941 (March section) pages 105–08.


A high-speed 16-mm cineradiographic system previously developed at the University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, for use in biosciences research has been upgraded in capability by 1) increasing the x-ray field to 35-cm (14-in) by 43-cm (17-in), 2) incorporating a 35-mm high-speed motion picture to increase resolution, and 3) acauisition of a second x-ray head for three-dimensional x-ray stereophotogrammetric studies. This system now consists of a 35-mm Photosonics 4B camera, capable of 2500 frames per second, which views a 50-mm (2-in) diameter output phosphor of a highgain, 4-stage, magnetically focused image intensifier tube, gated on and off synchronously with the motion picture camera. A lens optically couples the input photocathode of the image tube to x-ray fluorescent (rare earth) anteelnimages produced by a smoothed d-c x-ray generator of a conventional type. The system is capable of a wide range of magnification ratios.


The controllability of secondary voltage control system is discussed based on sensitivity equations.It is pointed out that,without the pilot bus selection,the partitioning control system of voltage and reactive power is not completely controllable.The principle of pilot bus selection based on evolutionary strategy is presented.The evolutionary strategy algorithm starts search from the colony instead of the individual,so the extremes can be passed.The information implicated in the object function is used to guide the search direction,so the discontinuous,unsmooth or non-differentiable functions can be optimized.Different variable functions are applied to different types of variable,that is,the probability rule instead of the definitive rule is used to conduct the search,obviously superior in large scale combinatorial optimization.The method has been evaluated and validated on the IEEE 39-bus system.


In this article, the infinite series form of the probability densities of tempered stable and inverse tempered stable subordinators are obtained using Mellin transform. Further, the densities of the products and quotients of stable and inverse stable subordinators are worked out. The asymptotic behaviours of these densities are obtained as $x \rightarrow 0^+$. Similar results for tempered and inverse tempered stable subordinators are discussed. Our results provide alternative methods to find the densities of these subordinators and complement the results available in literature.


THE HISTORY of the earthquakes of the Pacific Coast of the United States from 1769 to 1928 is set forth in a catalog compiled by Townley and Allen [i]. This publication was based on a much earlier listing compiled by E. S. Holden which covered earthquakes from 1769 to 1897 [2]. The Townley-Allen catalog is a volume of 297 pages, of which California shocks occupy 252 pages, Oregon 5, Washington 9, Idaho 3, Nevada 16, Utah 5, and Arizona 4. Since 1928 the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey has catalogued earthquakes annually under the title United States Earthquakes [3]. Although this record is far too short for us to get a picture which might serve as a basis for prediction, the study of the California record offers important information. The first earthquake in the Holden catalog is dated April 11, 1769, San Diego. It is based on a story told to Father Serra by the Indians who said that on the above date they felt an earthquake and saw an eclipse of the sun. Astronomical catalogs deny the eclipse, so there is some doubt also about the earthquake. Historical records for such early days are sparse, of course. There are only five more entries before 1800, but after that date they are numerous. The year 1812 was called the year oi earthquakes by the churchmen, for most of southern California was severely shaken. It is difficult to be sure from the old records whether reports from different localities describe the same or different earthquakes. Often the record is written some time after the occurrence and dates are uncertain. Mission churches were wrecked at San Juan Capistrano, San Fernando, Santa Barbara, Santa Inez, and Purisima. Although many earthquakes, some no doubt very extensive, are entered for the early years, the scantiness of the record makes it hard to evaluate the data. However, in 1836 and again in 1838 there were very severe earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region. On June 10, 1836 a great shock occurred on the Haywards Fault along the east side of San Francisco Bay. Large fissures were formed and there were "innumerable" aftershocks. The earthquake "caused havoc" in Monterey and Santa Clara. It might be expected that such a large earthquake would relieve the strain in the rocks of the earth's crust of the Bay Region, but two years later another great shock occurred, this time on the San Andreas Fault west of San Francisco Bay. A "great" fissure was formed from San Francisco to a point near Santa Clara. Walls were broken in the Presidio of San Francisco and at the Missions of Santa Clara, San Francisco and 572


This paper focuses on the restructuring process of electricity distribution business that is currently taking place in many countries, including Finland. The driving forces of the process include, for instance, the regulatory reforms of the sector and the efficiency incentives set by the regulators, the owners' increased profit expectations, technological developments, and the legislative requirements concerning the unbundling of electricity distribution from other electricity businesses. Outsourcing of services might provide a feasible solution for surviving in the changing business environment. This paper analyses the impacts that outsourcing has on the business processes of distribution companies. A practical example of an outsourcing case involving a medium-sized distribution company Graninge Kainuu and an international service provider Eltel Networks Corp. is presented in detail in the paper.


We propose a novel bit error ratio monitoring method by optical bandpass filter and optical power measurements and experimentally demonstrate its sufficient accuracy with various fiber launched powers and wavelengths in WDM dispersion-uncompensated transmission link.


We prove the existence of solutions to lipschitzean integrodierentia l inclusions viable in a closed set contained in R n . Using this result we study the infinitesimal properties of functions which are nonincreasing along all the trajectories of a dierential inclusion.


This article asserts that religious fundamentalism is best understood as an interpersonal phenomenon rather than an intrapsychic belief system, especially when it functions as resistance within the context of insight oriented psychotherapy. Two manifestations of religious fundamentalism are examined. Conservative Fundamentalism, Liberal Fundamentalism, and their respective meanings in the life of a client are discussed from the psychoanalytic perspective of intersubjectivity theory (Stolorow, Brandchaft, & Atwood, 1987).


Under current laws,psychological injury compensation is only available in China's tort law.But breaching contract may also cause serious psychological injury.Thus same consequences receive different treatments,which is contrary to the idea of Equality.Justice demands reconsideration of the system.In other countries,psychological injury compensation is recognized in the field of contract law at different levels.In addition,China's legal system is experiencing the transition from Substantive Justice to Procedural Justice.In sum,expanding the applicable scope of psychological injury compensation in our country meets the demand of reality and the legal reform.This paper will try to provide suggestions on how to revise the current rule and establish the mechanism to apply psychological injury compensation in the field of contract law.


A recursive system identification and retuning methodology is presented for a recently developed delayed feedback vibration absorber. The retuning is needed against the parametric variations in the system. It is performed to maintain optimal vibration suppression properties for wideband excitations. The optimized absorber offers minimum peak frequency response within the given wideband frequency range. A new scheme is introduced for the tuning of the absorber as the system experiences structural variations. The scheme suggests a nested procedure of two optimization steps, one for identification and the other for control. Feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through simulations. One of the examples deals with a single-degree-of-freedom system, and the second one is for a two-degree-of-freedom setting. Results show that with only three iterations used for the first example and five iterations used for the second example in the parameter identification part of the process, the frequency response peaks are reduced by 25%.


A simple model for the calculation of cable temperature, in case of parallel underground cables, will be proposed and validated with test set ups for different cable topologies. The model takes into account the load conditions and also the influencing parameters such as cable type, cable geometry and environmental conditions.


The triad of clinical symptoms linked with proteinuria of nephrotic range, including hypoalbuminemia and edema, is known as nephrotic syndrome. When body excrete more than40 mg/m2/hr of protein or a first morning protein: creatinine ratio of more than 2-3: 1 then we call it proteinuria of nephrotic range.(1)It is estimated that the vast majority of children with nephrotic syndrome have some form of primary or idiopathic sickness, with minimal change disease being the most prevalent.Thromboembolic consequences are more common in people who have nephrotic syndrome. (2) This study tends to shed light if there is increase or decrease in level of protein C, S or antithrombin III in nephrotic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To determine the mean level of protein C, protein S and AT Ill in children with nephrotic syndrome. SETTING: The research was conducted at Department of Haematology at Children Hospital Lahore. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. DURATION OF STUDY: The study was completed in six months from 25-08-2017 to 29-02-2018. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE: Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were taken for Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin III assays Collect blood 3ml (9 vol) in 0.109M (3.2%) anticoagulant (1 Vol) and Centrifuge. All centrifuge specimens were run in DIAGNOSTIC STAGO. Results: A total of 100 children with nephrotic syndrome were enrolled after fulfilling inclusion criteria. The mean age of the children was 6.26±2.72 month. 69(69%) were male children. Protein C level was 95.31±16.02, Protein S level 84.05±13.31 and antithrombin III level was 86.50±16.36. Conclusion: Protein C, S and Antithrombin III level were within normal range. Further studies are needed to delineate the exact pathogenesis behind thromboembolic phenomenon in nephrotic syndrome children.


. Over a period of two weeks in September, 1983 a high biomass macroepifauna community characteristic of a greater part of the Gulf of Trieste suffered mass mortality. The affected area is estimated to cover several hundred km2. Within 2–3 days all sponges and the brittle star Ophiothrix quinquemaculata, which together make up over 60 % of the community biomass, were dead. Benthic fish, mostly gobiids, were already affected on the first day and littered the bottom in great numbers. Concurrently the complete spectrum of macroinfauna species including (in order of emergence) holothurians, burrowing shrimp, echinoids, polychaetes, sipunculids and bivalves appeared on the sediment surface. Within one week sea stars and all remaining ophiurids had died. At this time hermit crabs were found lying dead next to their shells. Several anemones survived into the last week, although many showed signs of severe stress and lay on the surface with exposed pedal discs. Oxygen deficiency is the apparent immediate cause of this phenomenon and several possible factors leading to anoxic conditions in the Gulf are discussed. This ecological catastrophy provides evidence that the affected community, considered to have achieved relative stability by developing a strategy effectively dampening the effect of physical oscillations, has a distinct tolerance limit to stress. The Gulf of Trieste, among the most productive areas in the Mediterranean Sea, must be considered as sensitive; September is a particularly critical month.


This In the Round explores a foundational question: What is the relationship between women, art, and teaching? Women are often forced to take the professional positions they can get, when and where they can get them. As Sue Canterbury of the Dallas Museum of Art said of Georgia O'Keeffe's lesser -known artist-sister, Ida Ten Eyck O'Keeffe, "Compromise w as a central element of her reality." 1 Faced with similar professional realities, we found our-selves living in small Texas towns, teaching numerous courses while carrying heavy service loads and receiving limited support for research (Amy Von Lintel is a professor at West Texas A&M University in Canyon, and Liz Kim is a lecturer at Texas A&M University – Kingsville). In this environment, we each turned to projects in our own "backyards," researching women artists who had taught at our institutions (fig. 1). But because Texas is such a big, spread-out state, we knew nothing of each other until 2020, when another woman educator who had similarly followed a job to a small town in a remote location brought us together. 2 Once connected, we compared the overlaps in our projects and methods. We discussed the ways we had mined local collections and archives and come to the realization that this work not only shed light on the lives of women artists but also yielded new insights and raised important questions about the significant role teaching played in the careers of women artists. To delve further into these issues, we organized a panel on women artists as educators for the 2020 annual meeting


The Fe2(bdt)(CO)6 [bdt = benzenedithiolato] complex, a synthetic mimic of the [FeFe] hydrogenase enzyme can electrochemically convert protons into molecular hydrogen. Molecular understanding of the cascade of reaction steps is important for the design of more efficient catalysts. In this study, we investigate the reaction mechanism of the hydrogen production catalysis in explicit solution of acetonitrile using first principles molecular dynamics simulations. We have characterized all reduction and protonation intermediates taking part in the catalytic cycle. Free energy surfaces of the activated reaction steps are calculated using metadynamics. We find that the second protonation leading to molecular hydrogen formation is the rate limiting step. Direct protonation of the bridging hydride by a proton from the solution to form H2 is the most favorable reaction pathway. However, also a bdt sulfur atom can become protonated, leading to a possible proton trap state that reduces the catalytic efficiency. Our calculations validate the ECEC mechanism proposed using cyclic voltammetry.


The z-Tree program was developed at the University of Zurich. It was specially designed to enable the conducting of economic experiments without much prior experience. It consists, on the one hand, of z-Tree, the ?Zurich Toolbox for Readymade Experiments?, and, on the other hand, of z-Leaf, the program used by the subjects. In z-Tree, one can define and conduct experiments. One can program a broad range of experiments with z-Tree, including public goods games, structured bargaining experiments, posted-offer-markets or double auctions. The programming of z-Tree requires a certain experience. Thereafter, the effort required for conducting experiments is minimal: An experimenter with a certain amount of experience can program a public goods game in an hour and a double auction in less than a day.


Water-insoluble ruthenium(II) complex-containing polymer films, in which bis(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes are coordinated with the imidazolyl residues on partially quaternized poly(1-vinylimidazole) (RuQPIm), have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and thermal measurements. The photosensitized charge separation in the sacrificial system, consisting of RuQPIm film, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (MV2+) or 1,1′-dioctyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (C8V2+) dications, and triethanolamine (TEOA) has been investigated in aqueous solution. Here, RuQPIm film, MV2+ and C8V2+, and TEOA act as a solid polymer photosensitizer, electron acceptors, and a sacrificial donor, respectively. The formation of viologen radical (MV+ or C8V+) was observed on light irradiation (λ > 440 nm) of the aqueous solution. With MV2+ as an acceptor, the rate of MV+ formation decreased with increasing degree of quaternization. This suggested that the rate was controlled by at least three factors: (1) electrostatic repulsion, (2) π–π interaction between the heteroaromatic moieties of polymer and MV2+ and (3) steric hindrance of the alkyl side chain. On the other hand, the rate of C8V+ formation was large, and dependence of the rate on the degree of quaternization differed significantly from that of the MV2+ system. This indicated that the C8V2+ species had a further interaction in addition to the three described above, e.g. a hydrophobic interaction between alkyl chains in the C8V2+ and the polymer. Further, the results obtained from the photosensitized charge separation in aqueous solution containing 1 M NaCl and in CH3CN–H2O suggested that the surface morphology of the polymer film was also a very important factor.


Automatic Detection of Diplophonic Voice Voice disorders may lead to social isolation or reduced job chances in affected subjects. Correct treatment indication and treatment effect measurement are needed in order to tackle these problems and rely on robust techniques for voice assessment. Diplophonia is a severe symptom in voice disorders and needs to be assessed objectively. In the current clinical practice diplophonia is detected auditively by the medical doctor, which is problematic from the viewpoints of evidence based medicine and scientific methodology. The "Diplophonia Diagram" is a state-of-the-art procedure for detecting diplophonic voice automatically. It achieves a classification accuracy of 94.2 %, which is superior to all competitive methods. We suggest using the Diplophonia Diagram for automatically detecting diplophonic voice in future clinical studies. Future work should concentrate on the development of valid clinical interpretation guidelines for the Diplophonia Diagram.


Background The signal intensity obtained by arterial spin labeling (ASL) depends not only on perfusion signal, but also on arterial transit time (ATT). Although ATT has a more significant effect on accurate regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) calculations, the multiple post-labeling delay (PLD) approach is difficult to use in routine examinations. Purpose To optimize imaging parameters for labeling duration (LD) and PLD and to confirm their validity in long-labeled pseudo-continuous ASL. Material and Methods The perfusion signal was simulated in four LDs and theoretical signal-to-noise ratio efficiency (SNReff) was calculated. In vivo studies were performed on a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and 15 volunteers were categorized into either the young or elderly adult groups. We compared the differences in CBF values with or without ATT correction. Results Regarding signal simulation, perfusion signal increased with the length of LD. SNReff also improved with LD, but SNReff plateaued at an LD of 3.0 s. As for the in vivo study, SNR linearly increased along with the LD. The CBF differences with the correction of ATT were larger in the elderly adult group. This trend was most prominent in the longer ATT area in the occipital cortical region. Conclusion A combination of imaging settings of LD = 3.5 s and PLD = 2.0 s were suggested as optimal imaging parameters for allowing acceptable CBF quantification and sufficient SNR in both young and elderly individuals.


ABSTRACT The bindings of organic matter (OM) with iron (Fe-OM complexes) are important for soil carbon (C) sequestration. Our objective was to evaluate the role of laccase in the formation of Fe-OM complexes in a coastal saline paddy soil. The experiment included two factors: (1) two nitrogen (N) levels, 255 (N1) and 400 (N2) kg N ha−1; (2) three straw levels: 0 (S0), 4500 (S1) and 9000 (S2) kg C ha−1. The results showed that the combined application of straw and N fertilizer increased the content of Fe-bound OC and laccase activity, both of which were the highest in N1S1 treatment, which was 7.48% and 0.58 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. The content of Fe-bound OC was positively correlated with laccase activity, Feam content and soil moisture content, but negatively correlated with pH. Both Fe-bound OC and laccase activity were positively correlated with aliphatic functional groups and hydroxyl or amidogen, while both were negatively correlated with aromatic functional groups. Therefore, laccase might promote the formation of Fe-bound OC by changing the chemical structure of OC. In addition, the combined application of straw and N fertilizer could change laccase activity by changing microbial community structure (e.g. Chloroflexi, Ascomycetes and Zygomycota).


Artificial intelligence tools are seldom used for information retrieval since classical approaches have addressed this problem in an efficient way. For large scale information retrieval, the situation is different and may necessitate more powerful methodologies. In this paper we show that indeed for large scale collections, heuristic search techniques outperform the conventional approaches in addressing information retrieval. For the purpose of supporting this statement, we have designed and implemented a genetic algorithm then a hybrid genetic algorithm for information retrieval. The effectiveness of both designed algorithms is compared to a classical method by performing empirical tests on Smart collections and random benchmarks. It appears that both the designed algorithms outperform the classical approach for large data sets and the hybrid genetic algorithm yields the best performance in terms of solution quality and runtime.


In view of the difficulties in simulating the hydraulic cylinders accurately in modal analysis of boom of truck mounted concrete pump,an equivalent stiffness formula of hydraulic oil was deduced.Then the equivalent model of the hydraulic cylinders was established according to the characteristics of the hydraulic systems in boom,and the equivalent stiffness and density formulae of the hydraulic cylinders in any posture of boom were derived.Modal analyses of a boom in two typical postures were conducted and the natural frequencies of the boom in these two postures were tested.The test results verifies the accuracy of the presented equivalence method of hydraulic cylinders.


H. Tsuchiya∗,a, T. Enoto, b,c Y. Wada, c,d , Y. Furuta, e K. Nakazawa, f T. Yuasa, g D. Umemoto, h K. Makishimai, and the GROWTH collaboration a Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency b The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University c High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center d Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo e Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency f Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya university g Block 4B, Boon Tiong Road,Singapore 165004, Singapore h Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN i Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo E-mail: email@example.com


The invention relates to the field of drugs relevant to diabetes, in particular to a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a nitrile group biphenyl double-glucoside structure and a preparation method and application of the inhibitor in diabetic drug preparation. Please see the general formula I in the specification.


Austempered ductile iron has a well-established world reputation as a material meeting some specific requirements for the construction of machinery and equipment [1,2]. High quality of castings, high abrasion wear resistance, the yield strength at a level of 5001300MPa, self-lubricating capability, and the density by about 10% lower than that of steel, make this material highly competitive to the grades used so far. It seems that this material is best used in the agriculture and mining industry [3,4]. The abrasion wear resistance property can be very important in some special designs. In the case of wear induced by loose abrasive, and this is the wear predominant in the rock and coal mining industry, the abrasion resistance is of particular importance because of a high wear rate of parts operating under extreme conditions, which may result in time consuming and dangerous failures. To use in such cases the austempered ductile iron, proven in many of these applications, may turn out to be the solution long looked for. In the studies described in this article, an attempt has been made to simulate the abrasion wear which occurs in a mine using special test stand designed and made at the Institute of Mining Mechanisation (Fig. 1). Three different types of ductile iron were tested to determine their abrasion wear resistance in a jet of dry corundum abrasive and to investigate what impact this process may have on the ductile iron microstructure and properties.


comparative politics as long as he studied any government or political system but his own. This greatly simplified the problem of finding a scholarly identity in the field. One simply had to find a country that was not &dquo;taken,&dquo; and the danger of overcrowding was eased considerably by the rush of nationbuilding that followed the collapse of colonial empires. By the 1960s, the increasing emphasis on the scientific study of politics was accompanied by a concern for theory-building. Comparative political analysts, influenced by the norms of science, shifted their interests from peculiarities to generalities. Although one-nation studies were not abandoned, they were increasingly pursued and reported in the context of theories with multinational significance, and much effort was expended


6 . A properly trained primary care practitioner with assistance from sub-specialists can effectively diagnose and treat patients with multiple complaints due to diseases involving several organ systems. A health care system is required to meet the healthcare needs of our people. In this report, a case of failure in our healthcare system is presented. ABSTRACT A 55 year-old housewife presented to the Family Medicine Clinic due to recurrent oral ulcers for a year. She also had generalized itching, weakness, anorexia and abdominal distension after meals. She had visited several practitioners including family physicians and sub-specialists but a diagnosis was not reached. She was diagnosed to have Lichen Planus and Hepatitis C at family practice clinic. Since a health care system does not properly exist, patients seek treatment from sub-specialists without first consulting a primary care practitioner. This report identifies a failure in health care system and it is also recommended that all patients should be first seen by a primary care practitioner.


Faster rotation speed in hard disk drives has increased disk flutter which causes head-positioning errors. The flutter reduction effects of various disk-to-shroud spacings in order to reduce disk flutter amplitudes have been investigated. In the experiments using 3.5 and 2.5 inch disks, we confirmed that the flutter amplitudes decrease when the spacing is less than about 0.5 mm. This effect was also confirmed when we changed the disk rotational speed and the shroud length.


The paper presents the application of a positvie feedback amplifier to a low voltage and single supply circuit in order to linearize a platinum thermistor.The software Mathematica is used to solve circuit parameters.A practical analysis and application are also given in reference to the designing of a heat meter.


With the onset of a pandemic, there were opportunities and challenges for supporting learners. Schools and universities were physically closed while interaction shifted to a distance learning modality. In some instances, courses became asynchronous, while other courses met synchronously using video conferencing. Educators were adaptable when the pandemic occurred, quickly setting up home offices to meet their learners' needs. This occurrence showed that it was in educators' best interest to understand distance best practices. Distance learning has been utilized at institutions in the United States for the past two decades. However, it has not been widely adopted as mainstream because of the inequities that arise for learners. This chapter will address solutions for systematically addressing inequity from the educator's perspective, maintaining academic rigor, building a community of learners, creating a workflow for educators to interact with learners, and how to amplify learner engagement in the online learning environment.


PURPOSE: to evaluate the experience of implementation of the Brazilian Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program (PHPN) in 2001 and 2002, through a population descriptive study. METHODS: the study was performed through documental analysis and using data generated by SISPRENATAL, comparatively evaluating the indicators concerning criteria for prenatal follow-up in different states, regions and period. RESULTS: until the end of 2002, 3983 municipalities joined the Program (72% adhesion) and, among them, 71% reported results, constituting a data base of 720,871 women. In 2002 only 28% of the pregnant women were already registered, 25% before 120 days of pregnancy. Nearly 22% of the women had six prenatal visits, 6% had the post-partum visit and the compulsory tests performed, only 4% had also the HIV test and were vaccinated against tetanus, and 12% had two examinations performed for syphilis. There were important regional variations, generally showing better indicators for the Southeast and South regions. CONCLUSIONS: although the indicators of quality of care showed an improvement from 2001 to 2002, the recorded low percentages attest the need for permanent evaluations and new interventions with the aim of improving the quality of this care, especially in the North and Northeast regions.


In this paper, face images are analyzed in frequency domain and then classified based on the gender of the human subjects appearing in the image. Different images of the same gender are considered as an ensemble of inter-correlated signals and changes due to variation in faces are sparse with respect to the whole image. We exploit this sparsity using compressive sensing, which enables us to grossly represent images of a given gender by two kinds of features: one that represents the common features of the face and the other that denotes the different faces in all training samples. The 1st and 2nd features are combined as a cascaded filter for robust gender recognition. The performance of recognition rate is up to 97.64% in our YZUS database and 90.83% in the SUMS benchmark database. Therefore, experiments show the efficacy of our proposed approach.


Dear Editor, Colón-de Martí et al have outlined an insightful account of the perceptions of a group of surgical and non-surgical residents at a Hispanic academic medical center of the impact of the night-float system (1). The residents clearly were positive about some aspects of the system and yet negative about other aspects. Residents from different specialties also clearly had different views on the system. The outcomes evaluated in the study were quite wide ranging and featured a range of professional, patient-focussed and personal outcomes. As with all forms of research, the interested reader is left asking what conclusions can be drawn and what should resident programme directors do as a result. In this study and in other studies in this field the results are not so clear. What can be concluded from the different studies cited by the authors in their comprehensive conclusion is that almost any change to the system will have welcome and unwelcome effect on a number of different stakeholders – not least residents, residents' patients and residents' families. Making one stakeholder more satisfied will likely have adverse effects on another stakeholder. This is perhaps unsurprising considering that most reforms make tactical changes to the system and few look at transforming the system as a whole. Any current tactical changes are restrained by the fact that we have only so many residents or healthcare professionals to provide care and the fact that we seem to be wedded to current constructs of care and the fact that there are 168 hours in the week. Of these three facts only the first two are subject to change. What if we were to increase the number of residents or healthcare professionals who provide care? They should be less tired; patients should have more professionals caring for them; and residents' family lives should be less disrupted. Would it be affordable and thus sustainable? If more tasks could be shifted to non-medical workers who command lower wages, costs could be controlled. Residents would work fewer hours and so salary costs could be controlled. Residents working fewer hours might require longer training programmes – but this in turn might mean that specialists are appointed at an older age and total specialist salary bills might be controlled as a result. And what if we were to change the current construct of care? Much of the medical care and medical training that is carried out is carried out in hospitals and yet we know that many patients who are in hospital do not need to be there and do not benefit from being there. They could be cared for in intermediate care centres, rehabilitation units or in their own homes by means of hospital-at-home schemes (2). However all too often they spend unnecessary time in secondary or tertiary care hospitals and resident time is taken up looking after them. Patients need to move into the community and ultimately residents will need to follow them. However longer working hours might not necessarily be an inevitable result. Patients would ideally move into communities where a societal and support structure was in place to better care for them. Patients would get to spend more time with their families and residents might too.


Public policy towards youth employment and training in Britain during the past decade has been dominated by two themes: the quest to reduce youth relative pay, as part of a wider deregulation of the labour market, in order to increase access to jobs and training: and the neglect of apprenticeship in favour of the Youth Training Scheme. This paper analyses these policies in an institutional framework informed by the results of a recent research project on youth activity in industry in major EC economies (Marsden and Ryan 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991).

The policy debate in Britain has tended to focus upon the effectiveness of lower youth pay at improving youth access to jobs and training (Wells 1983; Jones 1985; Junankar and Neale 1987). We accept the efficacy of lower youth pay but question its institutional viability. Youth employment and training policies must be well grounded in labour market institutions in order to achieve success. We argue that neglect of the institutional context accounts for the lopsided and partial success resulting from current policies in Britain, and that the revitalization of apprenticeship, either as such or in the equivalent form of a strongly upgraded public training scheme, has a great deal to offer.

We begin with an outline of the relevant institutions. We trace their implications for outcomes in the youth market, contrast the divergent institutional directions taken by West Germany and the UK, and finally assess contemporary British policy towards youth activity in general and apprenticeship in particular.


This paper compares the way of the "Blood Simple" and "A Simple Noodle Story",the aesthetic similarities and differences between two films.In fact that the Chinese film "A Simple Noodle Story" copy Blood Simple's script gets a good box office.Focus on critical cases the images taken after the style of modernism,and the deconstruction of current media development model of deep thinking.


The Diesel engines of PSA for small passenger cars are usually provided with indirect injection and atmospheric admission, because of their good fuel economy and performances, and of their moderate cost. In spite of the competition from direct injection Diesels and of spark ignition engines, many improvements remain possible and will allow indirect injection to meet the severe antipollution standards of year 2000.


Atherosclerosis
is a chronic inflammation process of
endothel
cell layer of blood vessels which is initiated by the
disfunction of the
endothel
.
This research aimed at understanding the repairment mechanism of
the function of
endothel
in
cardiac blood vessels with ateroskleroris case after being given medium
-
intenity physical exercises,
mesenchymal stem cell
and combination of the medium
-
intensity physical exercises and
mesenchymal stem cell
by
lookin into the
foam cell
of
abdominal ao
rta.
This research employed true experimental research design with post test only control group design. The
sample of this reseach were 24 male
Wistar rats
(
Rattus norvegicus
) furrow that were controlled its homogenei
ty using
inclusive criteria; confirming ateroc
lerosis, 20
week age, weight ranged from 180
-
200 gr
a
m, inhybrid, and healthy that
were indicated by good desire for food and behaved normally. The
Rattus norvegicus
which fulfilled the inclusive criteria
were d
ivided into
three
groups which first group was the control group
(atheroscleoris rats).
The second group was
ateroclerosis rats
and received
regular medium
-
intensity physical exercises.
The third group atherosclerosis
which received
combination of
regular
medium
-
intensity physical exercises and
received
mesenchymal stem cell
.
The result of manova
test showed value p < 0.001 which indicated the existence of different
foam cell
found in the control group, exercise group,
stem cell
group and combined exercise and
stem cell
group. It can be concluded that attempt to de
crease the risk factor of
aterosc
lerosis is one of the ways to protect the
endothel
of the blood vessels. Deep understanding on this mechanism is
expected to give new in
sights to do preventive act
ion and treatments toward ateroclerosis by combination theraphy of
regular medium
-
intensity physical exercises and received
mesenchymal stem cell
.


A fractal universe model has been proposed elsewhere (Driessen, 1991, 1994), based on the assumption of perfect self-similarity between some definite scales, and in particular between particles and galaxies. Its motivation rested essentially on two ideas: first, if striving for unification is justified, then the fractal idea makes sense, for in this case one single theory of particles could encompass all self-similar structures at once. Secondly, it could be demonstrated that, provided some reasonable hypothesis were made about the structure of spiral galaxy cores, they came back to the same topological state after two complete revolutions (Driessen, 1991). These ideas combined suggested that spiral galaxies might correspond to electrons on the cosmic scale. The main test of the coherence of the fractal picture was then to discover if other galaxy types and quasars do find a place in this model. Now, a small group of dissident has sustained for years that QSOs (or at least a certain class of QSOs) are local objects emitted by galaxies. This class would contain very small (d ≈ 0.3 kpc), faint ( M v ≈ −12), and most often radio-quiet objects with large (non cosmological) excess redshift. The analogy between the two statements "electrons emit photons" and "galaxies emit QSOs" hinted that QSOs embody cosmic scale photons, and entails that galaxies experience quasar exchange interactions. It was claimed further that galaxy clusters reproduce atomic and molecular-like systems with one or a few central giant ellipticals (the cosmic scale nuclei) interacting via quasar exchange with their satellite spirals (the cosmic scale electrons). The flock of dwarf galaxies around large ellipticals and spirals would result from condensation of dusty gas clouds entrained by ejected QSOs.


1. Inequalities, intersectionality and equality and diversity initiatives: the conundrums and challenges of researching equality, inequalities and diversity Geraldine Healy, Gill Kirton & Mike Noon .- 2. The social construction of diversity, equality and inclusion an exploration of academic and public discourses Cliff Oswick .- 3. Linguistic diversity in the UK and Ireland Does the meaning of equality get lost in translation? Luke McDonagh .- 4. Navigating multi-layered uncertainty: EU member state and organizational perspectives on positive action Lizzie Barmes .- 5. Ethnic and religious diversity in Britain: where are we going? Prakash Shah .- 6. Tax law as an instrument of workplace diversity Ann Mumford .- 7. Criminalising and prosecuting disability hate crime Peter Aldridge .- 8. Resources and Constraints of Diversity and Equality Officers: Theoretical and Practitioner Reflections Ahu Tatli and Sanchia Alasia.- 9. Flexibility and Equality: Friend or Foe? Hazel Conley .- 10. Gender, ethnicity and migration in Black women's businesses start-up resourcing Cynthia Forson .- 11. The use of quotas in the most equal of the regions - politics and corporate boards in Scandinavian countries Cathrine Seierstad .- 12. Relevance of US and UK national histories in the understanding of racism and inequality in work and career Franklin Oikelome .- 13. The Labour market context and its effect on women's participation in independent business and professional networks - a comparative study of Germany and UK Nicole Avdelidou-Fischer.- 14. Exploring the intersections of gender, sexuality and class in the transport and construction industries Tessa Wright .- 15. Work-life balance: attitudes and expectations of young black and minority ethnic graduates Gill Kirton.- 16. What shapes the careers of young black and minority ethnic people Geraldine Healy and Harriet Bradley.


In common with other regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the stomach generates multiple patterns of motility that serve to accommodate, break down and mix food. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the biotech high–tech sector as a way to achieve competitive advantages. After presenting the importance of science for high–tech firms, the paper focuses on the social and economic role of CSR. Next, the primary reasons for firms' engagement in CSR activities are presented, followed by an analysis of CSR activities, as disclosed by 26 international biotech firms in their websites. CSR biotech actions are presented and their stakeholders' interests are considered to classify their CSR motives as strategic or operational. The different CSR activities are evaluated to determine if they enhance or support a competitive advantage or just imply an unavoidable cost.


This study investigates the climatological variables responsible for fluctuations in Lake Victoria levels, in particular the causal mechanism responsible for a major anomaly that occurred in 1961. A Lake Victoria rainfall series (LVRS) correlates significantly (5%) with Lake Victoria levels and is utilized for subsequent analysis of rainfall variability. Relationships between annual and seasonal (March–May and October–December (OND)) LVRS and a number of tropical and extra‐tropical series were analyzed. The results illustrate the dominance of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon in modulating LVRS. The greatest correlation is found between LVRSOND and the Southern Oscillation index (r = −0.39, significant at the 1% level), although the relationship is non‐linear over the course of the century.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing contaminants from surfaces of intermeshing stretching rollers (7). The stretching rollers (7) extend through projections (13) and depressions (14) a material web (5). during the current Dehnprozesses dry ice particles (9) are blown onto the surface of at least one stretching roller (7) to clean these According to the invention. Excess dry and detached from the roll surface contaminants are removed by suction.


Abstract This work was undertaken at the kind suggestion of Dr. T. B. Massalski, to whom I am very grateful for help and encouragement. I have also greatly benefited from the comments of Professors R. W. Cahn and P. Haasen and Drs. R. L. Bell, H. W. King and H. S. Rosenbaum on this manuscript. Dr. L. F. Vassamillet made the microprobe analyses and Mr. J. Escajeda assisted in part of the experimental work. This work has been supported in part by the Atomic Energy Commission. A method for growing single crystals of a copper–13·5 at. % germanium alloy and having approximately the ideal axial ratio is described. The only tensile deformation modes found were basal slip, and {10·11} twinning and cleavage. Basal slip occurred with pronounced yield drops at temperatures below 450°C and marked jerky flow was found in the temperature range 170–450°C. No luders band was observed; basal slip below 450°C occurred in very narrow zones with very high shear strains. The yield phenomena are inferred to be due to a disloca...


Let $M_g$ be the moduli space of isomorphism classes of genus g smooth curves. It is a quasi-projective variety of dimension 3g - 3, when $g > 2$. It is known that a complete subvariety of $M_g$ has dimension $


Authoritarian regimes become more prone to democratization when faced with little choice or risk. In some cases, the risk of democratization for authoritarian factors is so low that ending authoritarianism may not mean leaving power at all. This article develops a single theory of authoritarian democratization in a relatively low risk environment. The power of the authoritarian factor is the most important factor of democratization under the leadership of authoritarianism. When the strength of the current party was significant enough to give incumbent authoritarian politicians considerable confidence in winning the election, ndemocratic regimes conducted reverse democratic experiments that eventually culminated in a stable, prosperous democracy. Evidence of the first wave of democratization in Europe, the democratic transitions in Asia and Africa, illustrates how the party force reinforced democratization led by authoritarianism. As a result, the factors of the collapse of democracy include: the weakening of political institutions, violations of individual rights and freedom of thought, which call into question the efficiency and stability of democratic systems. It is established that the problematic aspects are the level of inequality, differences in identity; democratization through bottom-up peaceful protests has led to a higher level of democracy and democratic stability than democratization caused by elites; constitutions resulting from pluralism (reflecting different segments of society) are more likely to promote liberal democracy.


In this paper, heat transfer characteristics of single-slot steady-impinging air jets on a 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm vertical surface were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted with four different nozzles (length × width: 4 mm × 1 mm, 8 mm × 1 mm, 12 mm × 1 mm, and 15 mm × 1 mm). The parameters varied in the testing were Reynolds number (Re) (100 - 2,000) and dimensionless nozzle-to-plate spacing (H/Dh = 5, 10, 15, and 20). Correlations for average Nusselt numbers (Nu) were developed that accurately predict experimental data. The heat transfer coefficient over a vertical surface increases with increasing Re. For a small nozzle-to-plate spacing (H/Dh = 5), the average Nu correlation is not only a function of Re but also a function of nozzle length. For large nozzle-to-plate spacing (H/Dh ≥ 10) and nozzle length larger than 8 mm, the heat transfer coefficient is insensitive to H/Dh and nozzle length. A subset of this data was then compared to synthetic jet data in a separate study.


ZnT8(SLC30A8)is a newly discovered islet-specific zinc transporter that controls zinc efflux into the extracellular matrix and intracellular vesicles to reduce the concentration of zinc in the cytoplasm.The polymorphism of the SLC30A8 gene is associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.ZnT8 deletion decreased fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion,however the blood glucose levels were not significantly changed in mice.In summary,SLC30A8 gene deletion is accompanied by a modest impairment in insulin secretion without major alterations in glucose metabolism.


We have evidenced an unexpected behavior of thin gate oxide layers (thickness in the range 2–4 nm) exposed to plasma processes developed for the patterning of 0.1 μm silicon gates. During the low-energy overetch step of the process, an oxidation of the bulk underlying silicon takes place, leading to the growth of the gate oxide layer. Experimental results obtained from in situ kinetic and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are presented to highlight this phenomenon.


The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the basic soil chemical properties including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic Nitrogen (NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N) after approximately 15-40 years land use change from rice paddy field to orchard, wetland and upland in northeast Japan. Five land use change fields were investigated, including, forest, rice paddy, orchard, wetland and upland near Kumagai shrine, Shonai-machi, Yamagata, Japan. Soil samples were collected from surface layer (0-15 cm) and subsurface layer (15-30 cm) in October 2015. Soil chemical properties of pH, EC, available P, DOC and inorganic N (NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N) were analyzed on air-dried samples. The pH increased significantly in the upland after 15 years conversion from rice paddy in both layers, with other land use changes only increasing pH in subsurface layer. EC significantly decreased in the surface layer of orchard and upland fields and in subsurface layers of all the converted fields. Available P significantly decreased in the converted fields, except in the upland subsurface layer. DOC amounts were not significantly different after land use changes from paddy fields. The NH 4 + -N decreased significantly only in the surface layer of upland, while NO 3 - -N increased significantly only in the surface layer of wetland. Significant changes in soil properties were observed after 15 years conversion to upland and 40 years conversion to orchard and wetland from former rice paddy field in this study.


Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude to and many other individuals at Wipro for their significant commitment of time and effort for this project. Special thanks are due to H. Kent Bowen for his advice and encouragement over the course of this project. We would also like to thank the special issue editors, consulting editor, and reviewers whose thought-provoking comments and suggestions have significantly improved this paper. This paper benefited, as well, from the thoughts and comments of Abstract In this paper, we examine the applicability of lean production to knowledge work by investigating the implementation of a lean production system at an Indian software services firm. We first discuss specific aspects of knowledge work—task uncertainty, process invisibility, and architectural ambiguity—that call into question the relevance of lean production in this setting. Then, combining a detailed case study and empirical analysis, we find that lean software projects perform better than non-lean software projects at the company for most performance outcomes. We document the influence of the lean initiative on internal processes and examine how the techniques affect learning by improving both problem identification and problem resolution. Finally, we extend the lean production framework by highlighting the need to (1) identify problems early in the process and (2) keep problems and solutions together in time, space, and person.


Nude mice with transplanted human head andneck tumors were treated with either irinotecan, methyl-selenocysteine (MSC), both drugs in combination, or non-treated (control). Frozen tumors and livers were sliced to~12 µm thick and thaw-mounted on to non-conductiveglass slides. Irinotecan metabolites were investigated bySingle Reaction Monitoring or CRM with an LTQ XLcoupled to a MALDI source.


The authors present a variable structure sliding mode control for the pH regulation problem. A variable structure controller is designed considering the nonlinearities and high uncertainties of the pH process characteristics. A Smith predictor is utilized to account for the pH process time delay. Simulation results show that satisfactory performance is obtained even though the pH process has nonlinear characteristics, time delay, and model uncertainties.<<ETX>>


To investigate the hydrologic impacts of land‐use changes on streamflow for an urbanizing watershed with paddy fields, a grid‐based daily hydrologic model was adopted. The model was calibrated with two years (2000–2001) of observed streamflow data and validated using 5 months (2001) of measured soil moisture data and 1 year (2002) of observed streamflow data. After the model was tested, it was run to estimate impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component with the land‐use data sets for 1986, 1994, and 2002 generated from Landsat TM satellite images. Total runoff increased from 41·4% (1986) to 44·9% (2002) for a 5·4% increase in urban area, implying that direct runoff increase exceeded baseflow decrease. Urbanization affected the proportions of direct runoff for each land‐use category more than the change in total runoff and the ratio of direct runoff to total runoff. The change proportions in direct runoff for urban areas, paddy fields, and forest were 14·3%, −9·8% and −6·7% respectively for a 5·4% increase, 4·6% decrease and 3·4% decrease in each land‐use area respectively. The results indicate that paddy fields play an important role in runoff regulation, and the evaluation method can assist regional policy makers in developing land management strategies that minimize hydrologic impacts on streamflow. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The magnetization of (Y 1- x Gd x )Ni 3 (0 ≤ x ≤0.05) at 6.2 kOe was studied in the temperature range between 4.2 and 295 K. The measurements indicate that the magnetic moments of the Gd ions and the itinerant electrons are coupled antiferromagnetically. The samples for x ≥0.033 have compensation points. The magnetization curve for each sample crosses with the curve for the host material at about 60 K. The observed magnetization is analyzed on the basis of the s - f exchange model. By the molecular field approximation applied to the temperature dependence of the magnetization, the value, -0.02 eV, is obtained for the s - f exchange integral J . The amount of the induced moment due to Gd atoms extrapolated to T =0 K is 1.3 µ B per Gd atom. The existence of a new characteristic temperature T * in the paramagnetic region is predicted theoretically. The experimental result agrees with the prediction.


Maize is one of the most highly produced crops around the world. Factors such as population density, solar radiation, temperature, availability of nutrients and water, and proper tillage method can have favorable results in increasing yield. This project began in 2015, at two different locations in Georgia (Tifton and Camilla), GA, USA, and has been evaluated for three consecutive maize growing seasons. In each location, a different irrigation method was applied; the University of Georgia (UGA) maize checkbook method was utilized in Tifton and a soil moisture sensor-based method was utilized in Camilla. The different treatments consisted of two tillage methods, conservation and conventional, and four plant densities (69K, 88K, 99K, and 133K plants/ha). The purpose of the project was the evaluation of water requirements by population and tillage method for achieving high maize yields. Soil moisture information was collected hourly in both fields. The results showed that higher plant densities do not necessarily require higher irrigation amounts and do not always have the best results in terms of yield. Conventional tillage had slightly better yield results but not statistically different from conservation tilled plots. Additionally, the results showed that applied irrigation can help in higher maize production. However, increasing the amount of water does not directly equate to higher yield results.


This paper describes a numerical scheme which approximates the solution of a nonlinear mixed type functional differential equation from nerve conduction theory. The solution of such equation is defined in all the entire real axis and tends to known values at ±∞. A numerical method extended from linear case is developed and applied to solve a nonlinear equation.


Sleep apnea and left atrial dilatation are both risk factors for an arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF). Negative intrathoracic pressure fluctuations during an obstructive apnea episode may cause the left atrium to distend and stretch its wall. Whether sleep apnea is associated with left atrial dilatation in patients receiving CA of AF remains unknown.

 We sought to elucidate whether moderate or severe untreated sleep apnea was associated with left atrial dilatation in patients with AF before CA.

 This study was conducted under a retrospective, single-center, observational design. The data were derived from screening tests for sleep apnea, which were routinely performed in patients scheduled to receive CA of AF in our institution. After excluding patients who were already diagnosed with sleep apnea, we enrolled 1265 consecutive patients (age 65±11 years, 27.8% females, and 46.2% of non-paroxysmal AF) who underwent both home sleep apnea testing and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) before the CA of AF. The severity of the sleep apnea was evaluated by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) using a watch-type peripheral arterial tonometry. Left atrial dilatation was evaluated by the left atrial maximum volume (LA max V) using 256-slice MDCT.

 The age was 65±11 years, 27.8% were females, and 46.2% had non-paroxysmal AF. The mean AHI was 20.3±15.3 and LA max V 105±34 ml (R2=0.075, p<0.0001). LA dilatation was defined by larger than mean LA max V (LA max V≥105 ml). We examined an LA max V≥105 ml as a predictor. After an adjustment by an advanced age (≥65 years), non-paroxysmal AF, male sex, obesity, hypertension, and congestive heart failure, all of which were significant predictors of an LA max V≥105ml in the univariate analysis, moderate or severe sleep apnea (AHI≥15) was a significant predictor of an LA max V≥105 ml (odds ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.24–2.14, p=0.0005).

 Among the patients scheduled to receive catheter ablation of AF, moderate or severe sleep apnea was independently associated with left atrial dilatation.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Most fish farmers, entrepreneurs, fisheries extension officers, researchers and graduate students in Zambia, have little or no access to the accumulating information on tilapia culture. This manual is an attempt to pull together the most relevant scientific data and information on production and utilization of tilapia feed at farm level for the benefit of this target group. Special conditions in Luapula Province have been taken into account, including other species suitable for polyculture (farming more than one species in the same pond) with tilapia. The manual also briefly discusses methods of integrated farming and relevant business skills. In compiling this document, comprehensive research and literature reviews were carried out during the fieldwork periods that were conducted in Luapula Province in 2013 and 2014. The objectives of the study were to develop well-performing and costeffective supplementary feed formulae and feeding regime particularly using materials that are readily available on the farm. Trials were carried out both at the aquaculture research station in Mansa and on farmers' ponds to test the performance of the various feed formulae and determine the ideal feeding regimes. Feeds constitute the largest proportion of a fish farmer's overall costs, sometimes taking more than half of the annual expenditure. Without proper feeding, fish will be stunted and take a long time to reach maturity. A well formulated diet ensures that the fish will get most of the required nutrients for optimal growth. In using locally available materials farmers have the advantage of cost reduction to make their farming activity financially viable. Furthermore the approach used in this activity of conducting on farm trials ensures that farmers learn how to make feed by themselves. This manual therefore contributes in delivering useful information especially to aquaculture extension staff in order to increase tilapia production in the province. Researchers and students will also find it a useful reference material. The study leading to the preparation of this manual was carried out under the Department of Fisheries (DoF) in the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAL) during second phase of the Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD II).


Glazes are hygienic, decorative, glassy coating layer which have resistance to chemicals. In this study, Nevsehir, Acigol-Tatlarin region's basalt added to transparent glaze at 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 60 wt. %. These glaze recipes applied to slip cast plates and sintered at 1000 °C. No significant color change was observed for 5-15 wt. % basalt additions but color turns to black with the increasing amount of basalt after 20 wt. % addition amounts. Phase development of the glazes with 0, 20, 40, 60 wt. % basalt addition were performed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural development of the glaze with 60 wt. % basalt addition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


BACKGROUND
Family members of people with mental illness (MI) may experience a host of psychological adversities such as increased stress, burden, and reduced wellbeing. However, relatively little is known about siblings. This study aimed to characterise the experience of distress (viz. depressive and anxiety symptoms), burden, and wellbeing in siblings of people with MI.

METHODS
Studies reporting on quantitative measures of depression, anxiety, burden, or wellbeing in siblings; and/or qualitative findings on siblings' experience were eligible. The literature search was conducted up until 20th October 2022.

RESULTS
Sixty-two studies comprising data from 3744 siblings were included. The pooled mean percentage of depressive symptoms fell in the mild range at 15.71 (k = 28, N = 2187, 95% CI 12.99-18.43) and anxiety symptoms fell in the minimal range at 22.45 (k = 16, N = 1122, 95% CI 17.09-27.80). Moderator analyses indicate that siblings of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder experience greater depressive symptoms than siblings of people with other types of MI (β = -16.38, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings suggest that individuals may be particularly vulnerable during their siblings' illness onset and times of relapse. Limited communication, confusion about MI, and the need to compensate may contribute to siblings' distress and/or burden. Siblings' experience of wellbeing and caregiving were closely related.

CONCLUSION
This review highlights the complex psychological experience of siblings and the need for greater research and clinical support for this important yet often overlooked cohort.