We report on the direct observation of the magneto-Peltier effect in a current-in-plane giant magnetoresistive (CIP-GMR) spin valve. By means of the recently developed thermoelectric imaging technique based on lock-in thermography, we demonstrate that thermoelectric cooling and heating are generated by applying a local magnetic field to the CIP-GMR spin-valve film, confirming the different Peltier coefficients of the spin valve between the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations. The cooling and heating positions are found to be tuned simply by changing the magnitude of the local magnetic field. This versatile and reconfigurable thermoelectric conversion functionality may provide a thermal management method for CIP-GMR magnetic sensors.We report on the direct observation of the magneto-Peltier effect in a current-in-plane giant magnetoresistive (CIP-GMR) spin valve. By means of the recently developed thermoelectric imaging technique based on lock-in thermography, we demonstrate that thermoelectric cooling and heating are generated by applying a local magnetic field to the CIP-GMR spin-valve film, confirming the different Peltier coefficients of the spin valve between the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations. The cooling and heating positions are found to be tuned simply by changing the magnitude of the local magnetic field. This versatile and reconfigurable thermoelectric conversion functionality may provide a thermal management method for CIP-GMR magnetic sensors.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the main advantages of integrating bottleneck theory, action learning and transformation capabilities to phenomenon and process analysis systems. Design/methodology/approach - – This paper selects three typical cases, using grounded theory standardized coding procedures, and selects exploratory case study approach. Findings - – Inward small and medium manufacturing enterprises use the bottleneck breakthrough program and provide a correct knowledge input for action learning. Action learning provides a strong guarantee that for the implementation of bottleneck breakthrough program, programming and action learning are required to continually solve problems and achieve goals in the process. Research limitations/implications - – The authors used inward manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises as research subjects The authors did not analysis the role of knowledge services; the future studies could explore how to improve the performance through the transformation value co-creation. Practical implications - – Because of the lack of resources and capacity, small- and medium-sized enterprise adopt appropriate micro-innovation and continuous micro-transformation to break the bottleneck stage and achieve small victories. Originality/value - – Learning and development enterprises are not only through multinational clients which restructuring enhance the learning capacity of the international M & - A path. It does not conduct thorough and comprehensive change, and also not related to the structural of readjustment organization. In fact, the radical change and transformation strategy is different than other strategies.


Here G(x,u) denotes a morphism of the vector bundles J1(M,M ′) and (Π′)∗TM ′, where Π′ : M× M ′ →M ′ is the natural projection and g(x,u) is a non-autonomous vector field onM ′. Choose an integer s 2. We assume below thatG(x,u) and g(x,u) areCs-smooth in x ∈M and u ∈M ′. Let G and Fg denote the vector spaces formed by the morphisms G(x,u) and the vector fields g(x,u) respectively. By the property of elliptic regularity, any C2-smooth solution of (1) with G ∈ G and g ∈ Fg is Cs+1-smooth. Let U be a domain in G × Fg and consider the space M[v] = {(u,G,g) : u is a solution of (1) of class C, u ∈ [v] and G ∈ G g ∈ Fg}, which is a subspace of Cs+1(M,M ′)× G × Fg. Let π denote the natural projection π : M[v] → G × Fg, (u,G,g) → (G,g). Recall that a continuous map of topological spaces is said to be proper if the pre-image of any compact set is compact. In what follows, ‖G(x, u)‖ will denote the natural norm of the linear operator G(x,u) : L(TxM,TuM ′) → TuM ′ relative to the Riemannian metrics on M and M ′. The main result of [2] is as follows. Theorem 1. Let M ′ be a Riemannian manifold of non-positive sectional curvature. Then for any homotopy class [v] of maps from M to M ′, there is a constant C[v] > 0 such that the map π ∣∣ π−1(U), where U = {(G,g) ∈ G × Fg : ‖G(x,u)‖ < C[v] for all x ∈M, u ∈ M ′}, is proper.


The incidence of poverty is not uniform across geographical areas due to differences in socioeconomic, demographic, and locational characteristics. This study analyzes the poverty distribution and concentration across Missouri counties between 2003 and 2012 based on the two USDA county classifications i) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) and ii) Urban Influence Codes (UIC). The result shows that the number of counties with higher poverty rates than that national poverty rate increased between 2003 and 2012. However, the number of counties with higher poverty rate than that of the state of Missouri decreased in the same period. The RUCC 1 and 3 groups (both metro) had the lowest average poverty rates while RUCCs 7, and 9 (both non-metro) groups had the highest average poverty rates during that period. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the average poverty rate of the RUCC 1 group (metro counties) and the average poverty rate of non-metro groups RUCCs 6, 7, and 9 for all these years, indicating a higher poverty incidence in the non-metro counties. We used the concept of Location Quotient to develop an indicator for poverty concentration called Poverty Location Quotient (PLQ). This indicator was used to examine the poverty concentration in different county groups based on RUCCs and UICs. The average PLQ values for different county groups suggests that the poverty concentration was higher in the non-metro and not adjacent to metro area county groups. PLQ analysis also showed that the poverty concentration in the counties that are not adjacent to metro counties increased during the period. The counties with higher concentration of poverty (i.e. PLQ greater than 1) increased from 66 to 83 (out of 115 counties) in Missouri between 2003 and 2012. The results also indicate the percentage of poor living in ther counties with 20 percent or more poor has doubled (from 13 to 26 percent) in Missouri between 2003 and 2012, which further supported the results based on PLQ index. [Poverty distribution, Poverty concentration, Poverty Location Quotient, Rural-Urban Continuum Code, Urban Influence Code]. * Crossponding author 's e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © Bhawani Mishra, Shriniwas Gautam, Krishna Lal Poudel 3 Agrarian Frontiers Vol. 2, No.1, 2014 INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS WORKS Poverty incidence is not uniform within a state or the nation. People living in poverty tend to cluster in certain regions, counties, and neighborhoods in the US (Farrigan & Parker 2012; Bishaw 2011). Poverty is prevalent in the inner areas of cities, isolated rural areas, and Native American reservations in the US (Berube 2008; Nord 1998). Poverty in any location is an aggregate outcome of socioeconomic, demographic, political, environmental, and institutional variables and their interactions (Rupasingha & Goetz 2007; Crandall & Weber 2004; Mulherin 2000; Reardon 1995) and poverty represents both people and places (Berube 2008). Therefore, poverty is a multidimensional issue (Khatiwada 2010). Poverty related issues can be studied at individual, family, and different geographical levels. Individual or family level poverty is measured by the pretax money income threshold based on family size and age of family members (Hoynes, Page, & Stevens 2006). This study focuses its analysis on the distribution and concentration of poverty at county level in Missouri, and presents an aggregate picture of poverty rates for geographical locations based on the degree of rurality and their adjacency to metro areas. Just like the distribution of poverty, issues related to the geographic concentration of poverty is another important aspect of poverty in the United States (Bishaw 2011; Khatiwada 2010; Rupasingha & Goetz 2007). William Julius Wilson's notable work, which is published in a book titled 'The Truly Disadvantaged', created interest in the spatial concentration of poverty in the urban areas. Wilson (1987) stated that during severe economic de-industrialization, innercity poor black populations were left in the poor neighborhoods by the middle class black and other group of people. Farrigan and Parker (2012) also found that the poverty concentration increased in the US, especially in non-metropolitan areas and the areas where minority lives. The migration pattern also indicated that non-poor do not usually mix with the poor in their neighborhoods (Farrigan & Parker 2012). The migration of poor people from poor areas was lower than the non-poor people (Nord 1998; Grengs 2007). If the people living in poverty migrate from their areas, they end up in a poor neighborhood (Nord 1998; Grengs 2007). In the literature, two methods are most commonly used to measure poverty concentration i.e Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and statistical method. Many authors have used GIS and statistical methods to examine poverty. For example Granges (2007) used the GIS method to examine the poverty concentration in Detroit by looking at the land use changes. Szwarcwald et al. (2002) used the statistical method by proposing an index and using a chi-square to explain the heterogeneity of poverty concentration among sub-regions (see equation below). 4 Agrarian Frontiers Vol. 2, No.1, 2014 where, Pi is the poverty index for the whole area i; Oi is the total number of people living in poverty in a geographical area i, and Ni is the total number of residents in a geographical area i. This index is for the whole area (example state). The sub-areas, the expected values are where nij is the population of the sub-area j. Once expected and observed values are calculated χ2 (chi-square) statistic is calculated to test differences. Location based poverty analysis is an essential and complementary to poverty analysis at either the individual or household level. Realizing this fact, Rupasingha & Goetz (2003) identified that analyzing poverty using only income and employment is not enough to explain the complete picture of poverty in any location. This study focuses its analysis on the distribution and concentration of poverty in Missouri counties and presents the aggregate picture of poverty rate for geographies based on the degree of rurality and their adjacency to metro areas based on US Department of Agriculture (USDA) county classifications in Missouri between 2003 and 2012. Identifying the poorer county groups, based on rurality and adjacency to metro counties, will help understand the spatial distribution and concentration of poverty in Missouri. Such understanding is helpful in devising and implementing poverty reduction programs more effectively and efficiently. DATA AND METHODS As indicated before, this study focuses its analysis on the geographical distribution and concentration of poverty based on county classifications. This study assumes that the macro level economic and political factors do not vary substantially among the counties within state political boundary; therefore, it is logical to compare poverty across the counties within the state boundary. Poverty data were collected from the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and the US Census Bureau (UCB). The USDA Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCs) and the Urban Influence Codes (UICs) county classifications were used to explain the distribution and concentration of poverty in Missouri. RUCC and UIC classifications divide counties into 9 and 12 groups respectively based on the relative rurality of counties. The UIC classification, provides further detail on the adjacency of counties to metropolitan and micropolitan areas. The detailed descriptions of county groups based on RUCC and UIC are presented in table 1 and table 2 respectively. 5 Agrarian Frontiers Vol. 2, No.1, 2014 Table 1. Classification of Counties Based on RUCCs. RUCC Description 1 Metro Counties in metro areas of 1 million population or more 2 Metro Counties in metro areas of 250,000 to 1 million population 3 Metro Counties in metro areas of fewer than 250,000 population 4 Non-metro Urban population of 20,000 or more, adjacent to a metro area 5 Non-metro Urban population of 20,000 or more, not adjacent to a metro area 6 Non-metro Urban population of 2,500 to 19,999, adjacent to a metro area 7 Non-metro Urban population of 2,500 to 19,999, not adjacent to a metro area 8 Non-metro Completely rural or less than 2,500 urban population, adjacent to a metro area 9 Non-metro Completely rural or less than 2,500 urban population, not adjacent to a metro area Source: USDA, 2013. Table 2. Classification of Counties Based on the UICs. UIC Description 1 In large metro area of 1+ million residents 2 In small metro area of less than 1 million residents 3 Micropolitan area adjacent to large metro area 4 Non-core adjacent to large metro area 5 Micropolitan area adjacent to small metro area 6 Non-core adjacent to a small metro area and contains a town of at least 2,500 residents 7 Non-core adjacent to a small metro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents 8 Micropolitan area not adjacent to a metro area 9 Non-core adjacent to micro area and contains a town of at least 2,500 residents 10 Non-core adjacent to micro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents 11 Non-core not adjacent to metro or micro area and contains a town of at least 2,500 residents 12 Non-core not adjacent to metro or micro area and does not contain a town of at least 2,500 residents Source: USDA, 2013. The RUCC ranges from 1 (least rural) to 9 (most rural). Figure 1a shows the distribution of counties based on RUCC county groups in Missouri. The RUCC 9 counties in Missouri are generally more concentrated in the Northeast and Southcentral regions while the RUCC 1 counties, as expected, are clustered in two major metro areas, St. Louis City/ County and Kansas City of Missouri. All of the six counties included in RUCC 2 are in the Southwest regions of Missouri, and 5 of them are clustered together in and around Springfield metro area. The RUCC 3


In many developing countries including Indonesia, issues concerning equity in income distribution often receive special attention since inequality in income will result in economic inequality. This study aimed to determine the effect of economic growth, the Regional Budget (APBD), wage and the ratio of Muslim population on income distribution in Indonesia.
This was a descriptive study using a quantitative method and a normative juridical approach. The data used were the time series data in 2008-2012 and the cross section data in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The secondary data were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The analysis technique used a panel data model with fixed effect method (FEM). The results showed that (1) Economic Growth (PE), the Regional Budget (APBD) and the ratio of Muslim population (Muslims) were not significant in affecting income distribution (DP), because an increase in these three variables was not always followed by a decline in DP and (2) wage had a positive and significant effect on income distribution, meaning that the higher the amount of wages would result in higher levels of the equity rate of income distribution.
Based on the findings of this research, it is expected that the increase in PE and APBD can directly be proportional to the reduction in the Gini ratio in the future. Muslims as the majority in Indonesia are also expected to be able to contribute positively to the income distribution, such as by maximizing Zakāh as a solution viewed from the perspective of Islamic Economic.


The two important factors of influencing scale concentration are content of CaCO 3 in the scale and CO 2 concentration in the mixture by water and gas. Those were summarized by dissolve experiment of manual and practical scale by using CO 2. At that base,the connection between the total capacity of removing scale and the solvency was summarized. These offered the thereunder for the practical application of the mixture by water and flue gas to remove scale.


Vinylogous Acyl Compounds. XVIII. Influence of Steric Factors on the Reaction Behaviour of Vinylogous Carbonamidium Salts

Depending on the size of their N-alkyl groups vinylogous carbonamidium salts show a markedly graduated reactivity under suitable conditions. Thus 2-formyl-vinyl trimethylammonium perchlorate 1a is decomposed by sodium hydroxide yielding only trimethylamine and salts of malondialdehyde 2, while the analogous triethylammonium salt 1b additionally undergoes a fragmentation to triethylamine, acetylene and formic acid. The reaction of 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine with 1 and the analogous 2-benzoylvinylammonium salts 3 to the 1,4-dihydropyridine dye 4 and 5, respectively, is faster by orders of magnitude in the case R′ = CH3 than in the case R′ = C2H5. Contrary to the 1a-p-nitrophenylhydrazone 6a which can be transformed into the pyrazole 7 the 1b-hydrazone 6b withstands such a ring closure. Depending on the reaction conditions and nature of the substituent R the action of aniline on 1 leads either to the monoanils 8 or to the malondialdehyde dianil salt 9. While piperidine reacts with 3a as well as with 3b to give N-(2-benzoylvinyl)-piperidine 10, aniline forms a corresponding vinylogous amide 11 only with 3a. 3b, however, on reaction with aniline · HCl via the intermediate monoanil 12, yields the vinylogous amidinium salt 13 which is not obtainable from 3a or 11. Using o-phenylendiamine this reactivity graduation can be utilized for preparing 2-aryl-substituted 1H-1,5-benzodiazepinium salts, e.g. 17.


Phytochelatins and glutathione are known as the most common peptides responsible for binding with toxic metals in plants, but recently the role of other bioligands, such as proteins, organic acids, flavonoids and oligosaccharides, has received renewed attention. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to ICP-MS and electrospray MS were applied for the analysis of lead species synthesised by Arabidopsis thaliana, a model genetic plant. Lead was found to be accumulated mainly in roots (9.6 ± 0.1 μg of Pb per g of the dry mass) and showed good affinity to galacturonic acid, the main component of two pectin domains homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I. The results demonstrate the potential application of SEC-ICP-MS and SEC-ESI-MS as a complementary and efficient approach to study toxic heavy metals in biological systems.


Spontaneous abortion is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome, and stress has been
suggested to be important factor. We hypothesized that those female pregnant women with
previous spontaneous abortion (n-100) will have higher anxiety and depression than female
pregnant women without previous spontaneous abortion (n-100). Age and other sociodemographic
parameters did not differ significantly between the groups of participants.
Anxiety and depression levels were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and the
Beck Anxiety Inventory. There were no significant differences in the scores on Beck
Depression Inventory between groups of participants at the week 10 of gestation-1st
assessment, week 20 of gestation-2nd assessment and week 30 of gestation-3rd assessment.
Contrary of these results, pregnant women with history of spontaneous abortion have had
statistically significant higher anxiety score than pregnant women without history of
spontaneous abortion, at all of three assessments. Negative correlations between months
passed form the last spontaneous abortion and anxiety on both assessment, emphasize the role
of psychological support for the women who have experienced spontaneous abortion. The
results on Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations showed that pregnant women with history
of spontaneous abortion have had higher levels of avoidant mechanisms and emotional
response to stress and lower level of cognitive response to stress than pregnant women
without history of spontaneous abortion. Holmes-Rahe life stress inventory showed that
pregnant women with history of spontaneous abortion have had higher levels of prior stressors
than pregnant women without history of spontaneous abortion.


The Maloti Drakenberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Project between South Africa and Lesotho is a transfrontier conservation initiative that simultaneously aims at conserving biodiversity and fostering the economic development of the local population. This is to be attained via nature-based tourism activities. These, I argue, highlight certain practices, institutions and values of the local population while neglecting others, thereby reinventing them as part of a 'traditional culture' in the conservation context. Illustrated by two case studies I also argue that nature-based tourism reifies and commoditizes these elements of lifestyles by labeling them 'traditional', making them serve economic or environmental interests.


Background. We use nasal-CPAP and surfactant routinely in babies with a/A PO2 <0.22. This treatment reduces the severity of RDS. Nevertheless, some babies need mechanical ventilation later on .Material & Methods. 60 babies (GA <30 wk, age 2-72 h, a/A PO2 <0.36) with RDS in progression were randomized to treatment with Curosurf (200 mg/kg) either immediately ("early") or at a/A PO2 <0.22 ("late"). Failures: mechanical ventilation(a/A PO2 <0.15 or severe apnea) during 7 d. Results. There were no significant differences between groups at entry. GA 27.3 wk, BW 1000 g, mean. 21% early treated failed vs. 67% late, p = 0.001. Fisher's two-tailed. Mortality 9.1% vs. 30%, p = 0.05. Other complications of RDS were rare. Conclusion. "Early" Curosurf during nasal-CPAP is highly effective in RDS and GA <30 wk.


Ikeda Daisaku is the famous Buddhist thinker, philosopher and educationist at present time. He has made great contribution to moral education. This article aims to explore his systematic view on moral education which emphasizes the following aspects: a. moral education, along with skill education, is essential for schooling that both of them should be promoted synchronously; b. household education is indispensable and should mainly evolve around moral education; c. moral learning is a life-long project which deserves to be the focus of the whole community. Such a systematic view sheds valuable light on moral education that will promote its pertinence and efficiency.


In this issue you will find a paper by Hoheisel et al., entitled "Immobilisation stress sensitizes rat dorsal horn neurons having input from the low back". Environmental and bodily events perceived as threatening to the physical and psychological integrity of the body are experienced as stress if one is not able to cope with these situations. This state is expressed in reactions of the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine systems and of their effector tissues including the immune system. These reactions as well as the resulting interoceptive feelings of the body are generated by the brain. They are coordinated reactions to protect the homoeostatic regulation of body functions against disintegration. These coordinated autonomic, neuroendocrine and somatic motor reactions are accompanied by hypoalgesia or hyperalgesia during acute challenges. Both acute stress-induced hypoalgesia as well as hyperalgesia are evolutionary adaptive. During imminent threat from outside of the body, hypoalgesia promotes successful defence ("fight and flight") behaviour. During real or pending injury of the deep somatic or visceral body domains, hyperalgesia promotes hypervigilance to somatic threats, to prevent further injuries, as well as wound healing and recuperative behaviour (Rhudy et al., 2013). Using a neurophysiological approach in anaesthetized rats, Hoheisel and coworkers tested the hypothesis that chronic stress enhances, in second-order neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, the resting activity and the responses to noxious stimulation of deep somatic tissues probably without sensitization of deep somatic nociceptive afferent neurons. The stress consisted of immobilization of the rats in a narrow tube for 1 hour per day over 12 consecutive days. This stress paradigm corresponds to psychological stress in humans. The control rats were either handled only (but not immobilized) or neither handled nor immobilized. The dorsal horn neurons were recorded in the lumbar segment L2 receiving their synaptic input from the caudal back muscles and the overlying fascia. Most of these dorsal horn neurons were located in the lamina IV to VI and were wide-dynamic-range neurons; thus, they had low mechanical thresholds and showed graded responses to noxious stimuli. The main results obtained in the chronically stressed rats, compared to the control rats, are that dorsal horn neurons, which are potentially involved in deep somatic nociception, first, exhibit new deep somatic receptive fields; second, exhibit stronger responses to physiological stimulation of deep somatic tissues; and third, develop resting activity or exhibit an increase in resting activity. Thus, these dorsal horn neurons behave as if sensitized during deep somatic inflammation. Interestingly, the rate of resting activity in the dorsal horn neurons of chronically stressed rats was considerably higher than in rats with chronically sensitized muscle nociceptors generated by complete Freund0s adjuvant or nerve growth factor (see references in Hoheisel et al., 2015). Surprisingly, the pain pressure threshold of the low back did not change in the chronically stressed rats, yet they showed signs of increased anxiety in the open field test. The results are important. They may open an avenue to better understanding the mechanisms underlying chronic widespread pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic low back pain and other chronic pains such as pain in the posttraumatic stress disease, all these pains being located in the deep somatic body tissues or the viscera. These chronic pains are not primarily linked to sensitization of afferent nociceptive neurons. What are the mechanisms underlying the results of Hoheisel and coworkers? Chronic immobilization stress certainly activates the hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal system as shown by Hoheisel and coworkers: the level of corticosterone metabolites significantly increased in the faeces of the rats. In parallel, the endogenous control system of nociception that is located in the lower and upper brain stem and under complex cortical control may shift in its balance between inhibition and excitation from an inhibitory (antinociceptive) mode to an excitatory (pronociceptive) mode. Furthermore, the sympatho-adrenal


With the rapid development of computers' computing ability and the more powerful function of simulation software,optical experimental simulation has been developed in the process of simulation design and optimization of optical systems.Therefore,simulation system has attracted widespread attention.This project uses MATLAB software to establish mathematical model for the typical optical experiment,make computer simulation on the experiment and create the interactive GUI interface.Users can simulate different optical experimental phenomena under different conditions by changing the input parameters.The final result is to design a practical optical experiment simulation platform.


The coherent states for a quantum particle on a Möbius strip are constructed and their relation to the natural phase space for fermionic fields is shown. The explicit comparison of the obtained states with previous works where the cylinder quantization was used and the spin-1/2 was introduced by hand is given, and the relation between the geometrical phase space, constraints and projection operators is analyzed and discussed. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Coherent states: mathematical and physical aspects'.


Rapid nitrate leaching due to current nitrogen management practices under the humid tropical environmental condition of the south western Nigeria, may contaminate fresh and salt water resources. It is becoming a major public concern because underground water is the sole source of fresh water especially in the south western part of Nigeria. Field studies were carried during the cropping seasons at Ibadan south western Nigeria to examine the effect of different sources and rates of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of sweet corn. The main objectives of the study were to examine the use of organomineral fertilizer as a possible management alternative for reducing nitrate leaching due to nitrogen fertilizer applications as a result of applied inorganic fertilizer while also providing sufficient nitrogen for crop growth.


The Kirchhofer technique for identifying spatial patterns in climate data depends on the threshold and minimum size used to define the groups. As a result, the analyst cannot be sure whether the groups defined by the Kirchhofer technique represent meaningful meteorological phenomena or whether they emerge due to random chance. Monte Carlo techniques are used to generate a three-dimensional surface that can be used to evaluate the statistical significance of the groups identified from the historical record for summertime maximum daily temperature in the mid-continental region of the US. Statistically meaningful groups can be identified using stringent criteria for threshold and minimum group size. Choosing among these values depends on how the groups are used and the importance of parsimony to that process. The reliability of critical values can be evaluated by comparing the statistical significance of results for individual groups generated by existing techniques. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society.


This study compared the waterproof and breathable properties of clothing made from an electrospun nanoweb with those made from a conventional waterproof-breathable fabric, in order to determine the...


The article refers to the history of the legal regulation of the artel as one of traditional forms of collective organization of small-scale production, which acquired a new quality in terms of deployment of cooperative paradigm in the early 20th century. The author shows how the artel, not previously coordinated by the written law, obtained with adoption of the new model Charter the legal framework for associations which allowed to preserve guarantees of traditional values and at the same time created conditions to organize economic and legal relations of partnerships' members, capital and government.


The purpose of written review paper on anti-fungal nail lacquer which is used in treatment of Onychomycosis skin fungal disorder was focus on the disease causes and treatment by nail lacquer, onychomycosis causes by the pathogens include dermatophytes, candida, and non-dermatophytes. Improvement clinical efficacy and also proper the patients compliance. Nail Lacquer preparation by simple mixing non-volatile, gloss, smoothness to flow, drug diffusion studies drug content estimation, Nail lacquer is used on fingernails, toenails of the human beings. Which is protect the nail but, nail plate but most of significant in maximize the beauty, gloss, impart colour. Nail lacquer is mostly applicable for those drug which have poor bioavailability in oral formulation this techniques is used in maximize the topical bioavailability of drug across the nail.


Cerium, a member of the rare earth metals, has been studied up to 300 kilobars in a diamond‐anvil cell using energy‐ and angular‐dispersive x‐ray diffraction with a synchrotron source. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the electronic and structural behavior of cerium and to examine the effects of deviatoric stress due to non‐hydrostatic conditions within the sample environment. Using the standard sample orientation and data from various orientations, the effects of deviatoric stress are shown.


This multiple-method study bridges what John D.H. Downing has called a 'distinctly disturbing gulf' between our knowledge of social actors and theories about alternative media by considering the symbolic uses of news in an activist audience and by extending theories of news reading as a ritual act through which social bonds are produced. Because people often read news in private or diffuse situations, reading must be represented to other community members through discourse in order to communicate those information sources – and hence social ideals – they have in common. In interviews, activists downplayed consumption of corporate media, but diaries confirmed that they used a wide range of both alternative and mainstream sources. I propose that this interpretive community achieved its identity in part by rejecting mainstream media, so that performing the role of 'alternative reader' served as a marker of individual taste and group belonging.


The use of tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage has entered obstetrical practice globally with the evidence‐based expectation of saving lives. This improvement in the care of women with postpartum hemorrhage has come at a price. For the anesthetist, having tranexamic acid ampoules close at hand would seem an obvious strategy to facilitate its use during cesarean delivery, an important setting for severe hemorrhage. Tragically, we have identified a number of recent instances of inadvertent intrathecal administration of tranexamic acid instead of local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia. Reported cases of this catastrophic error seem to be increasing. The profound neurotoxicity of tranexamic acid causes rapid‐onset convulsions, with mortality of 50%.


Germinal centers (GC) represent a major site for maturation of antibody affinity and the generation of B cell memory.I4 There are two types of GC B cells: the centroblasts and centrocytes.' The proliferating centroblasts undergo random hypermutation of the genes encoding the Hand L-chain V regions of the Ig molecules and transform into resting centrocytes.I4 These undergo apoptosis unless stimulated by antigen in the presence of accessory signals. This process represents a very efficient mechanism of selection for B cells producing high-affinity antibodies. GC B cells share the same phenotype (CD10+ CD38+ CD39CD23T) as Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) B cells. These cells also undergo spontaneous apoptosis and are characterized by overexpression of c-myc consequent to a chromosomal translocation. Previously, we have shown5 that EBV-positive LCL cells transfected with c-myc acquired typical markers of GC B cells and capacity to undergo apoptosis. These findings indicated that c-myc overexpression could confer features similar to those of GC cells and also suggested that GC B cells could be characterized by high levels of c-myc expression.


By a facile and efficient solid-state reaction route using an organic reagent cyanamide (CN2H2) as a precursor with another one being metal oxides, we successfully synthesized seven technologically important metal nitrides including cubic VN, CrN, NbN, hexagonal GaN, AlN, BN, and WIN at moderate temperatures. The experimental results show that cyanamide (CN2H2) is a powerfully reducing and nitridizing reagent and the metal oxides are completely converted into the corresponding nitride nanoparticles at lower temperatures than that reported in the conventional methods. It is found that CN2H2 can exhibit some interesting condensation processes, and the final products, highly active carbon nitride species, play a crucial role in the reducing and nitridizing processes.


In this paper, a systematic review of bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifier, also called dual boost PFC rectifier, is presented. Open loop and closed loop PFC converter fed DC drives are modeled. Simulation of Closed Loop Controlled bridgeless converter fed DC motor drive is presented and various performance characteristics are provided. This drive has advantages like reduced losses and improved power factor. The simulation results reveal a quantitative insight of the power losses in different topologies and also verify that this simulation approach is faster and more cost-effective than numerical calculation or experimental measurement approach.


The operating principle of a permanent-magnet mechanism is expounded.The spring load characteristics of vacuum contactors of different mechanism are analysed.The permanent-magnet mechanism is mechanical system which is used by permanent-magnet force as steady-state hold and acction energy is offered by magnet coil.


The development of technology has encouraged the growth of coding courses as a solution to prepare children for an increasingly digital future. PT XYZ is a course school that offers coding learning for children aged 5-18 years. Currently, PT XYZ already has several branches in major cities. In monitoring the number of students at each branch, PT XYZ still manages data manually which is vulnerable to inaccurate data. This research aims to design a dashboard that can be used to help companies monitor the number of students and other indicators related to company performance. This dashboard design uses the prototyping method and Microsoft Power BI. The result of this research is a dashboard system that can be used to monitor the number of students from the three main branches of PT XYZ, as well as display other information related to students that can help companies to set targets to be achieved.


The goal of this paper is to use a Data Modeling approach segregating malignant breast cancer cells from the benign ones. The data science technique used in this research is called Logistic Regression categorization. Due to the transparency of the operations, we are able to identify the statistical significance and multicollinearity of the variables under study and contrast the performance of the final model against a perfect model scenario. Introduction: Per reference described in Kaggle.com [1], cells variables are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. The characteristics of the cell nuclei present the image in the 3-dimensional space [2]. In this paper, we are using this background as a testbed for the data science application. In the data science domain, many data modeling techniques can be used to categorize or predict outcomes of an event, and Logistic Regression is one of such a technique. In this process, we utilize heavily on statistical evaluations to eliminate insignificant variables and identify multicollinearity among them for a higher performance and robust model. Environment: The data was downloaded from Kaggle.com on 10/02/2018 [1], an original source from the University of Wisconsin Hospitals, Madison. The size of the CSV file contains a sample set of 569 specimens with 32 variables per entry. To support the data processing, model creation and performance evaluation, two commonly used tools are being employed: Excel and GNU Regression, Econometrics and Timeseries Library (Gretl). Data Processing: Per original reference descriptions, the file contains the following variables:


A novel structured La2O3/AAO solid base catalyst was prepared by supporting lanthanum oxide (La2O3) on the surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) under hydrothermal conditions. Catalytic activity of the catalyst was tested using self-condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol as a probe reaction. The conversion of acetone reached 4.14% with the diacetone alcohol selectivity of 98%. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), and temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). XRD patterns and SEM images indicated that La2O3 nanoscale particles with high crystallinity were uniformly distributed over the AAO surface. The results of CO2-TPD showed that the calcination temperature led to the formation of medium-strength basic sites, strong basic sites, and to an increase of the basic strength. The strong basic sites and large basic strength are an important factor that influences the catalytic activity in the self-condensation of acetone to diacetone alcohol.


Scholarship used to rarely discuss the Hua-Yi distinction in "Female fairy Unofficial History (Nv Xian Wai Shi)". Yet, if we further consider the factor that the author, Lu Xiong, has certain standpoint of the replacement of the Ming dynasty by the Qing, we will find the fact that this fiction is definitely filled with the "writing back" of "Kaihentai". This article starts with the North and the South, by which it argues that the Prince of Yan in the book represents the Manchurian regime from the north and its rival, the Tang sai-er Group, stands for the South-Ming regime. Secondly, it argues that though based on the political reality, the author of the fiction is boldly that he displaces the history, suggesting that the Tang Sai-er Group lures the Liu Tong regime in the middle Sichuan, and successfully fights back the foreign enemies. And this novel ends in the plot of tribute by eight countries. This writing style shows the imagined concept of order: the author views the Ming as the orthodoxy rather than the Qing. By such narrative strategy we can find the thing that even experiencing the pain of state perishing, the author can still purse his ideal world by re-ordering Hua-Yi in the fictions on purpose.


A multiple disk clutch includes a clutch outer, a clutch inner, frictional disks, a cam mechanism, and a vibration isolating member. The clutch inner is provided inside the clutch outer and configured to transmit a rotational driving force from the clutch outer to a transmission shaft. The frictional disks are movable in an axial direction of the transmission shaft to thereby make and break transmission of the rotational driving force from the clutch outer to the clutch inner. The cam mechanism is provided inside the clutch outer and configured to apply a pressing force to the frictional disks according to the rotational driving force from the crankshaft. The cam mechanism is configured to relax the pressing force applied to the frictional disks when a load from the transmission shaft exceeds a predetermined value. The vibration isolating member is provided at the clutch inner.


This study focused on the representation of hegemonic masculinity in Pakistani TV serials. Its motivation came from the analysis of Pakistani drama, which does not adequately cover women's rights. Pakistani TV serials have this masculine attitude which is the leading cause of many conflicts in Pakistani society. Connell developed this hegemonic theory as a theoretical framework in this present research. Through this theory, it can be clear that hegemonic masculinity depends upon which factors and how these factors are collected together to make this hegemonic term stronger in Pakistani society. This quantitative research investigates two selected Pakistani TV serials, namely "Rang Mahal" and "Qayammat". The findings of this research make clear that hegemonic masculinity is not only a term but a disease which have deep roots in Pakistani society. And this disease infects not only people; Pakistan's norms, values, and culture are also distracted day by day. Recommendations and suggestions for future researchers are also added at the end of the research.


The development of automatic car registration plate recognition will provide greater efficiency for vehicle monitoring in automatic zone access control. Plate recognition will avoid the need to equip vehicles with special RF tags, since all vehicles possess a unique registration number plate. Also the proposed recognition system can be used in conjunction with a tag system for higher security. There are a number of techniques which have been used for car registration plate characters recognition. These systems include BAM (Bi-directional Associative Memories) neural network character recognition and pattern matching of characters as two character recognition techniques which will be discussed in this paper. The object of this paper is to explore the potential of using Fast Hough Transform (FHT) in vehicle registration plate recognition. Image processing techniques have been used to extract plate characters, then FHT algorithm is applied to every character in the image for recognition and identification. The FHT used in the paper is an efficient, fast and simple algorithm to identify characters, without requiring a relatively large memory.


Following the issue of economic development,environmental issues are being gained more and more attentions in every country. Latin America as an area with richest resources,eagerness mind for the fast economic development and lack of sustainable development concept resulted in a deplorable ecological catastrophe in the modernization process. A large area of damaged forest,freshwater resource constraints,soil balance destruction,air pollution,solid waste accumulation and other environmental difficulties,caused a serious impediment to social and economic development and the production and life of people. In the late 20 th century,the concept of people-oriented sustainable development was formed and spread broadly in the Latin America countries. Multi-channel protection of forest resources,refinement of urbanization,and globalization provided a positive opportunity to accord development between the socio-economic and ecological environment in the Latin America. Like most Latin American countries,China is a developing country,also facing a conflict between economic development and ecological environment protection in the development process,the lessons and experiences from Latin American countries should offer significant inspirations for coordinating the relationships between socioeconomic development and ecological civilization in China.


Background: The prognosis of high or markedly low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with normalized on-treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is uncertain. This study examined whether isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and isolated low DBP (ILDBP) were associated with MACE in treated patients. Methods: 7582 hypertensive patients with on-treatment SBP <130 mmHg from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) were categorized based on average DBP: <60 mmHg (n=1031; ILDBP), 60-79 mmHg (n=5432), [≥]80 mmHg (n=1119; IDH). MACE risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. The analysis was supplemented by a meta-analysis involving 10106 SPRINT and four cohort participants. Results: Median age of the SPRINT participants was 67.0 years, and 64.9% were men. Over a median follow-up of 3.4 years, 512 patients developed MACE. The incidence of MACE was 3.9 cases per 100 person-years for ILDBP, 1.9 cases for DBP 60-79 mmHg, and 1.8 cases for IDH. ILDBP was associated with 1.32-fold increased MACE risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.66), whereas IDH was not (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.87-1.59). There was no effect modification by age, sex, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, or cardiovascular disease history (all p-values for interaction >0.05). The meta-analysis indicated increased MACE risk in ILDBP (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52) compared with DBP 60-79 mmHg. Conclusions: In treated patients with normalized SBP, excessively low DBP was associated with increased MACE risk, while IDH was not. Further research is required for ILDBP management.


Contact ERS: 1001 North Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314-1587 • Phone: 800-791-9308 • Fax: 800-791-9309 How are my students supposed to become proficient when they are hungry, sick, or constantly changing schools? How will my students be able to focus on learning when they are experiencing neglect, abuse, or addiction in the home? How can I focus on teaching and learning when I must also be a counselor or social worker? The effects of poverty, neglect, and deprivation may be widespread in your school or concentrated among a small group of students. Either way, as an educator, you have seen firsthand how these social problems—life problems for your students—can affect a student's performance in the classroom. And, as Varlas recently emphasized, "If community characteristics such as poverty are strongly associated with student achievement, then efforts to improve student performance must focus on the community as a whole, not just on the school" (2008, para. 3).


Sludge liming is largely used in the wastewater industry. This operation, at first realised to stabilize sludge, has also proved to enhance dewatering and to improve the resulting cakes texture. Recent work showed that both pre- and post-liming could exert a positive effect on sludge convective drying behaviour. This study highlights the importance of the mixing conditions which can strongly affect the drying behaviour in a negative way.


–The present investigation entitled Preparation of blended Guava (Psidium guajava L.) - Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Jelly and its quality evaluation during storage. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates and eight different combinations of recipes for blended guava-pineapple jelly. After processing in blended jelly, the blended jelly prepared from different recipes were analysed at 30 day intervals to assess the changes in various chemical constituents during storage. The organoleptic evaluation of processed product (blended jelly) was done by adopting 9 point hedonic rating scale to judge the various sensory parameters i.e. colour and appearance, taste and flavour, texture and overall acceptability during the storage up to three months. Among the different recipes of blended guava-pineapple jelly, the treatment T3 (Guava 80% + Pineapple 20%) was recorded best in respect to different quality parameters under the present investigation. The chemical composition of blended jelly, i.e. total soluble solids and pH were increased significantly, while acidity, ascorbic acids and pectin contents were found to be reduced under the treatment T3 (guava 80% + pineapple 20%) followed by the treatment T4 (guava 70% + pineapple 30%) and the lowest score was observed in the treatment T7 (Guava 40% + Pineapple 60%) at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. With regard to the different sensory parameters of blended jelly, the treatment T3 (Guava 80% + Pineapple 20%) has registered the maximum score in respect to TSS (68.44), Ascorbic acid (60.75), Acidity (0.343), pH (3.35), Pectin content (1.27), colour and appearance (8.44), texture (8.28), taste and flavour (8.32) and overall acceptability (8.42) at 90 days of storage as compared to different recipe treatments under the present investigation. The best treatment total production cost (118.91 Rs.), the net return (241.09 Rs.) and the B: C ratio (3:02) of guava-pineapple blended jelly were recorded in T3 treatment (Guava 80% + Pineapple 20%). The lowest treatment total production cost (121.99 Rs.), the net return (28.01 Rs.) and the B: C ratio (1:22) of guava-pineapple blended jelly have been found in the T7 (Guava 40% + Pineapple 60%).


Objective: To present an approach to the management of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome [MPS] based on clinical experience, addressing the problems posed by the specific nature of primary myofascial trigger point pain, and the problem of chronic myofascial pain. Results: Specific trigger point therapy is designed to inactivate the myofascial trigger point by means of manual techniques, intermittent cold and stretch, and invasive trigger point needling or injection with a local anesthetic. Management of recurrent MPS requires addressing the perpetuating factors of mechanical imbalances [structural, postural, compressive] and systemic abnormalities which interfere with the ability of muscle to recover or which continuously stress muscle reactivating the trigger point. The common systemic factors associated with MPS are hypothyroidism, folic acid insufficiency and iron insufficiency. The relationship of many of the perpetuating factors to MPS is clinically apparent, but has yet to be established firmly by statis...


A high-efficient ammonia-degrading strain DA-1 was isolated from the anaerobically digested wastewater,and it was identified as Arthrobacter arilaitensis by 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Under the conditions of different carbon sources,C/N ratios and ammonia concentrations,the ammonia degradation ability of DA-1 was studied.The results showed that: when the C/N ratio was 10 and the inoculation amount of DA-1 was 1%(v/v),the degradation rate of 100 mg/L ammonia by this strain could exceed 80% within 2 days.Along with the increase of the ammonia concentration,the ammonia degradation rate decreased,when the ammonia concentration was up to 1000 mg/L,the degradation rate decreased to 26.3%.The ammonia degradation ability of DA-1 to the anaerobically digested wastewater samples was also investigated by regulating C/N ratio with ethanol,the ammonia concentration of the anaerobically digested wastewater sample was decreased by over 70% after being treated for 5 days.


This paper addresses to the problem of using SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 as a means for building probabilistic models and as optimum method of modeling gross domestic product in terms of the economic crisis and social threats is proposed. Today in a complex socio-political and economic situation growing influence of external factors, presence of uncertainties and risks there exists a problem of anticipating potential threats in the humanitarian and social spheres and ways to overcome them aiming to provide food security and controllability of ecological situation. All these problems, as reported in the NATO program "Science for Peace and Security", are of high priority for the countries that need to take into account threats to security, including Ukraine. That is why in the framework of the project NUKR. SFPP G4877 "Modeling and Mitigation of Social Disasters Caused by Catastrophes and Terrorism" the problems of scientific prediction of national economy for the period to 2030 as one of the measures preventing growth of social tension in the country are disclosed.


Preceding papers have described the preparation of many polymers in high molecular weight by interfacial polycondensation under a wide variety of conditions. This paper reports an extended study of the optimum conditions for the stirred preparation of poly (hexamethylene sebacamide) and poly(sebacyl piperazine). The first is a polymer which precipitates from the reaction mixture while the latter may be retained in solution in the organic solvent. For each polymer-solvent system there are selected conditions which produce a maximum in the viscosity number of the product. The peaks arise from varying the reactant concentrations and the ratio of the water to organic solvent. Their position is influenced by such factors as the polymer-solvent interaction, the quality of the stirring, the presence of detergents, and the solubility characteristics of the diamine. The optimum conditions results from a balance of these various factors. Maximum molecular weight is achieved when equivalents of the two reactants are brought together in a narrow reaction zone near the interface and within the limited time in which the growing polymer is mobile. The high points in molecular weight often coincide with the highest yield of polymer. For 6-10 polyamide it was shown further that the number of acid and amine chain ends per unit weight of polymer are nearly equivalent and at a minimum. At the same time the moleculare weight-viscosity relation deviates least from that derived for polyamide made by melt polycondensation. Reaction rates are preferable high but successful polycondensations will result with slower reactions as long as there are no strongly competing side reactions and the growing polymer is kept mobile. The hydrolysis rates of short chain aliphatic diacid chlorides was found to be very high and yet this did not prevent the preparation of polyamides with hexamethylenediamine with ηinh above 0.5. Monofunctional impurities in the intermediates and solvents may limit molecular weight. Such materials were purposely tested with polyamides, polyesters, and polyurethanes. Their effectiveness depends not only on their relative reactivity and concentration but also on their distribution between the phases. Interfacial polycondensation is conveniently done in two phase liquid systems of which one phase is water. The use of other liquids as a replacement for water was demonstrated.


We analysed the extent of planned, mistimed and unwanted pregnancies and how they predict optimal use of prenatal (timing and number of antenatal) care services in 30 African countries.


In 2006–07, 35 road-derived sediments (RDS) consisting of street sweepings and catchpit (ie sump) sediments, were collected from three cities in New Zealand; namely Auckland, Hamilton and Christchurch. The concentrations, mobility and toxicity of contaminants were determined in order to assess the suitability of RDS for certain reuse applications. The RDS were analysed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the heavy metals, lead, copper and zinc. Comparisons with soil guideline values for ecological protection (Dutch and Canadian) and reuse of biosolids for land application (New Zealand), indicated that zinc will be the most problematic contaminant with respect to mitigating environmental risks in any reuse applications of RDS in New Zealand. Selected RDS freshwater leachates were toxic to the alga, Psuedokirchneriella subcapitata, however, leachate toxicity was reduced up to 225-fold when amended, or 'stabilised' with 10 per cent compost. Based on the results and potentially applicable guideline values, the reuse of RDS may be limited to applications that either physically (ie incorporation into concrete or asphalt) or chemically (ie addition of a 'stabilising' agents like compost or phosphate) immobilise problematic heavy metal contaminants, namely zinc. (a)


Safety climate can benefit contractors, specialty contractors, and owners of industries by providing them with the knowledge of attitudes and perceptions that can help to consistently achieve better safety performance. The objective of this research was to determine safety climate that would enhance safety culture and positively impact perceived safety performance on construction projects. A safety climate questionnaire survey was conducted on the construction sites of a leading construction company and its subcontractors in Hong Kong. Approximately, 1,500 hard copy questionnaires were distributed and the response rate was excellent, resulting in 1,120 valid questionnaires being collected from 22 construction projects. By means of factor analysis, two underlying safety climate factors were extracted, accounting for 43.9% of the total variance. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that these climate factors, "management commitment and employee involvement" and "inappropriate safety procedure and work pra...


Objective: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy and agitation, are highly prevalent in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. Literature suggests an association of both cerebral hypoperfusion and antihypertensive treatment (AHT) with NPS in patients with dementia. Therefore, we investigated whether discontinuation of AHT in NH residents with dementia reduces NPS and improves quality of life (QoL). Design and method: Randomized, single-blinded trial conducted in 26 Dutch NH organisations. Residents with moderate-severe dementia and a systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg during AHT were randomized in an intervention (semi-protocolized discontinuation) and control (continuation) group during a period of 8 months. Exclusion criteria were heart failure NYHA-class-III/IV, angina pectoris, a recent cardiovascular event/reperfusion procedure, or a life-expectancy < 4 months. Co-primary endpoints were NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version) and QoL (Qualidem) at 4 months. Secondary endpoints include cognitive function, care dependency, general daily functioning and falls. Results: Between December 2018 and May 2021, 205 NH residents with dementia (median age 86 years-79.5% women) were randomized, of which 177 (86.3%) reached the primary endpoint at 4 months. During trial, 63 severe adverse events occurred in 61 residents. On advice of the Data Safety Monitoring Board, the study was preliminary finished in December 2021 due to futility based on the co-primary endpoints. Definitive results for all endpoints measured at 4 and 8 months follow-up will be available in April 2022. Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the largest AHT deprescription trial in NH residents with dementia. Based on preliminary results of this study, the benefits of deprescribing AHT in NH residents with dementia for reduction of NPS and improvement of QoL, are unclear and may not be without any potential risk.


Due to the energy and environmental impacts attributed to the operational phase of the building sector, efforts have been made to improve building energy performance through the implementation of restrictive energy requirements by regulatory bodies. In this context, the primary objective of this paper is to investigate and compare regulations that govern the building envelope energy performance of new residential buildings in cold-climate regions, primarily in Canada, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, China, and Russia. The aim is to identify similarities and dissimilarities among the energy regulations of these countries, as well as potentials for development of more effective building codes. This study verifies that the investigated energy requirements diverge considerably—for instance, the required thermal resistance per unit area of above-grade exterior walls in Sweden is almost two times that of a similar climate zone in Canada. Based on the comparisons and case analyses, recommendations for energy requirements pertinent to building envelope of new residential buildings in cold-climate regions are proposed.


Mystus bleekeri (M. bleekeri) is a small, freshwater catfish, with a maximum
length of 15.5cm, which belongs to family Bagridae and order Siluriformes. It can be consumed
both in fresh and processed form. Sun-drying is one of the most important traditional methods
for processing M. bleekeri. However, neither fresh nor sun-dried M. bleekeri is normally consumed
in raw form. Various cooking methods are applied to prepare them.

The objective of the present study is to estimate the nutritional values of fresh and sundried
Mystus bleekeri and evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on their nutrient contents.

Proximate Analysis of minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids was performed using sophisticated
analytical instruments.

Changes in various micronutrients and macronutrients were observed in the present study.
The total amount of fat and ash content was found to be higher after frying in a fresh sample of M.
bleekeri. Mineral content was found to be higher in sun-dried fish whereas that was reduced after
boiling. Aspartic acid was the major component of fish protein. Saturated fatty acids were the most
abundant in both fresh and sun-dried M. bleekeri which were increased through frying.

The present experiment showed that after frying, minerals and fatty acids content exhibited
higher concentration in both fresh and sun-dried M. bleekeri which is good for human health.


Tissue culture and murine experimental models were employed to study the mechanism by which Coxsackie B virus might cause severe focal necrosis of human cardiac tissue. Human studies included the comparison of the incidence of recent Coxsackie B virus infection in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction with sex and age matched controls and, the immunofluorescent and electron microscopic examination of heart biopsy material. The severity of cardiac lesions in mice was shown to be directly associated with the integrity of the T-lymphocyte response following Coxsackie B4 virus inoculation. The cytolytic action of serum was not demonstrated in infected mice but the cytotoxicity of activated T-lymphocytes against chronically infected "carrier" cells was shown. Hyperimmune serum from adult male CBA/ca strain mice exhibited a cytotoxic in vitro reaction against homologous heart endothelial tissue chronically infected with Coxsackie B4 virus. This specific serum cytotoxicity was removed after heat inactivation of serum complement proteins at 56°C and reinstated following addition of Guinea-Pig complement. The degree of observable cytotoxicity decreased when serum from donor mice of a heterologous strain was used. Serum levels of creatine kinase where shown to increase following viral inoculation of mice but marked increase in specific isoenzyme MB levels occured only following T-cell mediated damage. Comparison of serum antibody response between patients with acute myocardial infarction, and age and sex matched controls revealed no significant differences in the incidence of serologically diagnosed recent Coxsackie B virus infection. High concomitant serum antibody titres were however associated with acute myocardial infarction more frequently than any other cardiac disease. Human cardiac damage was also shown to be associated with the presence of Coxsackie B viral antigen. However, whilst human studies have revealed no conclusive evidence to suggest a relationship between Coxsackie B virus infection and acute myocardial infarction, experimental studies have demonstrated a mechanism by which viruses of the Coxsackie B group could cause severe focal cardiac damage.


A challenge for educational employing authorities is the provision of high-quality, sustainable professional development opportunities that will lead to positive growth in teachers' pedagogical practices. The study reported here sought to devise and implement a model of teacher professional development that would result in such growth by increasing mathematics content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. While there were a number of components to the study, including the investigation of a relationship between teacher professional learning and improved student learning outcomes, this paper focuses upon the changes in teachers' beliefs and practices as reported by the teacher participants, their students, and observed by the researcher. A variety of qualitative methods for data collection were used in order to develop a complete picture of the nature of teacher growth.


Biological characteristics of Sclerotium rolfii Sacc.was tested by measuring mycelial growth and producing sclerotia in different conditions,The results showed that: for the growth of mycelia on PDA medium,12 h photoperiod was beneficial to mycelian growth,entire illumination was beneficial to producing sclerotia.Among the tested carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapek medium,inositol and glutamate were not good for Sclerotium rolfii Sacc.,starch and calcium nitrate were the most favorable for it.In carbon-nitrogen ratio test,10∶1 was beneficial to mycelian growth.The lethal temperature for the mycelium was 50℃ for 10 minutes and for the sclerotium was 55℃ for 5 minutes.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical procedure, vehicles (also referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices"), buildings, and other items entrenched with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to collect and swap data. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or forbidden remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced


We report on structural and superconducting properties of round MgB2 coated-conductor fibers deposited by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition on SiC fibers. The coating is polycrystalline and composed of elongated crystallites with dimensions less than 1μm in length and 0.2μm in width. The pure MgB2 fiber shows a zero-resistance Tc of 39.3 K. The carbon-alloyed fibers show a high upper critical field of 55 T at 1.5 K and a high irreversibility field of 40 T at 1.5 K. The result demonstrates great potential of MgB2 coated conductors for superconducting magnets.


BackgroundDelayed brain injury can be predicted within hours of trauma based on clinical and laboratory findings. This study was undertaken to determine the early progression of traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages (IPHs) and contusions, and some associated factors in traumatic brain injuries. MethodsFrom October 2005 to July 2006, all trauma patients with moderate and severe head injury who were admitted at Poursina hospital were enrolled. Their computerized tomography results, demographic data, intubation before and after admission, blood pressure, temperature and GCS, and brain computerized tomography scan findings were reviewed. ResultsThirty-five out of 361patients exhibited radiologic evidences of delayed IPHs and contusions with a male to female ratio of 9:1. The mean age was 41.2±21.9 and the principal mechanism of trauma was accident (81.3%). Three patients were intubated before admission. Contusion was the most common initial and delayed lesion. Thirty-eight percent of patients were hypertensive and the most common electrolyte imbalance was hypernatremia. Thirty-two percent of the patients were hyperglycemic; PT and PTT disturbance occurred in 53% and 31% of them, respectively. ConclusionFocusing on risk factors of progression and development of IPHS and contusions is useful to predict and prevent such cases.


The article under discussion is devoted to the problems of electoral communication on the example of the State Duma elections on the 2nd of December 2007. Analysis of the agitation texts in Yaroslavl Region periodicals helps to reveal the unequal character of campaign participants in mass-media and define parties' communicative strategies.


The agricultural production causes impacts on the soil which alters its physical, chemical and biologicalcharacteristics. However, literature tells us about the recuperation of the soil's characteristics when organic matter is added. In fact, organic matter restores the soil's productive capacity. This reason motivated this project, which evaluated the changes occurred in the structural stability, retention of humidity, usable humidity, bulk density and consistency based on the application of fermented organic fertilizers (AOF) during two and eight years in a "vertichaplustalf". This evaluation wasdone with cropsof vegetables, legumes, tubers and grasses. It is important to mention that the soil used for this experiment was during more than 50 years grown with potatoes in rotation with barley and this was done with the use of traditional agricultural techniques. During this time, the addition of organic matter was only used through stubbles. The results showed that the incorporation of organic fertilizers helped the soil, regarding its physical characteristics evaluated. The benefits of the use of organic fertilizers increase when it is done consistently.


The study and implementation of an Arduino-based Digital Plant Control System involve the study of many disciplines, which include but is not limited to, the study of plants, the study of feedback and control systems, and the study of microcontroller systems. Due to the ongoing pandemic as of the time of this writing, the experiment was conducted on a simulation basis, wherein an Arduino circuit was constructed on a simulation software called Tinkercad. The system involves a temperature sensor that acts as an indirect controller to the watering system. Whenever the plant's temperature would exceed a predetermined temperature threshold, it would prompt the watering system to provide water to the plant. Just the same, the key properties of the feedback and control system created were successfully implemented and measured. The watering system's response time, peak time, and settling time were all measured and analyzed in the experiment, which gave the group a deeper understanding of feedback and control systems as a whole.


A simple explanation of the shape of multiple car ownership was proposed by Roulet, J (see TRIS 381623) as a possible improvement on present practice. This note attempts to set out current "best practice" and contrast this with Roulet's proposal. Current best practice follows the work of Bates, Gunn and Roberts (1978, "RR20"). Both Roulet's and the RR20 models relate car ownership only to income and are blinded to the influence of other factors such as household size and location. The author makes a critical examination of both approaches. (TRRL)


The objectives of this Ph.D. thesis were (1) to optimise genomic selection in dairy cattle with respect to the accuracy of predicting total genetic merit and (2) to optimise a dairy cattle breeding program using genomic selection. The study was performed using a combination of real data sets and simulations. Real data sets consisted of dense marker genotypes of progeny tested bulls that had accurate phenotypes derived from their daughters' performance records. Through cross-validation, the reliability of genomic predictions was assessed for Bayesian models that fitted either marker genotypes, ancestral haplotypes or genomic relationships. Haplotype-based methods gave the most reliable predictions and provided opportunities to limit computer requirements for analysing very large data sets. The reliability of genomic predictions across breeds was studied using simulated marker data. The data was simulated such that it showed the same the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) as observed within and between Holstein, Angus, and Jersey cattle from the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand. It was concluded that the most reliable genomic predictions can be obtained when the reference populations of each breed are combined, whereas for diverged breeds at least 300,000 markers are required to ensure that the LD between markers and QTL persists across breeds. Using a simulated genomic selection scheme, it was shown that the annual rate of genetic gain in dairy cattle may double compared to current progeny test schemes, without compromising the rate of inbreeding. To achieve such a high rate of genetic gain, the generation interval needs to be reduced significantly, as young bulls will prove to be superior to progeny tested bulls. It is expected that in the near future many animals will be genotyped and very high marker densities will be inferred by imputation techniques. This may result in genomic predictions that are persistent across breeds and generations. Large scale genotyping of cows may enable genomic selection for novel traits and the integration of genomic information in herd management processes.


Summary In this, the first of two articles on diamond, a review is given of its hardness, its sources, its fabrication and of many of its uses as a technological material. Some examples of etched diamond surfaces, growth features, surface polish and percussion marks are illustrated. The history of man-made diamonds is briefly reviewed. In part 2, which will follow later, aspects to be treated will include absorption spectra, semi-conductivity, diamond counters and irradiation defects.


Using a careful and insightful analysis of the possible benefits of 77K CMOS in submicron technology from a decade ago (D. Foty and E. Nowak, 1993), the development of 77K CMOS in present-day deep submicron technology is evaluated. It is found that the basic principles from the earlier study - that the real benefit of 77K CMOS operation is the ability to provide "pure" scaling of the threshold voltage and thus to allow aggressive super-scaling of MOS transistor dimensions - holds even more strongly in present-day CMOS processes. A detailed analysis of CMOS technology, digital circuit behavior, and analog circuit behavior is provided. It is noted that not only does properly-designed 77K CMOS technology provide opportunities; it also addresses some of the most fundamental difficulties facing CMOS technology and CMOS circuit design.


Nipah virus infection is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by a virus called Nipah virus (NiV). First outbreak was occurred among pig farmers in Malaysia and Singapore in the year 1998-99 with 30% case fatality rate. In India, two outbreaks of Nipah virus have been reported in the eastern state of West Bengal in the years 2001 and 2007 where nearly 70% deaths were occurred. Recently, third outbreak of Nipah virus infection has been reported in India from two districts Kozhikode and Mallapuram of Kerala on 19 May 2018 and 17 patients were died from 19 reported cases (18 laboratory confirmed cases) from these two affected districts. Till now, no reasons of the outbreak in Kerala have been identified and situation was controlled immediately because of taking stringent containment and preventive measures like enhancement of acute fever and acute encephalitis syndrome surveillance system and strengthening of Hospital and community surveillance. There is no effective treatment or vaccine available that's why the primary focus should be on the prevention like avoidance of drinking of raw palm sap (palm toddy) contaminated by bat excrete, don't consumed partially eaten fruits by bats and water from wells infested by bats and avoid exposure to bats in endemic areas and sick pigs. The WHO suggests that health care professionals should wear gloves and other protective clothing during any pig slaughtering and culling procedures.


Christopher James Alexander is the Assistant Curator of Architecture and Design at the Getty Research Institute. He is the cocurator of "Overdrive: L.A. Constructs the Future, 1940–1990;" "Julius Shulman's Los Angeles;" "Julius Shulman, Modernity and the Metropolis;" and "Lessons from Bernard Rudofsky." Alexander is the coeditor of Overdrive: L.A. Constructs the Future, 1940–1990 (Getty Research Institute, 2013) and author of Julius Shulman's Los Angeles ( J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011). He earned an M.Arch from UCLA and BA in Fine Arts and Art History from George Washington University.


Network crimes are the extending of computer crimes. Since the fact that the crimes have the feature such as secret,diversification, international quality of area, extremely great Social harmfulness and so on, It is difficult to punish them. Having discussed the criminal forms, and analyzed the subjective reason and the objective reason of the crime, the network law countermeasures have been proposed based on the shortcoming of current law.


Abstract Two lexical decision experiments were carried out in Spanish in order to address questions about the processing and representation of morphologically complex words in the mental lexicon. Responses to targets (e.g., mor-os "Moors") were found to be reliably slower and less accurate when they were preceded by stem homograph primes (mor-ir "to die") compared to unrelated control primes (sill-a "chair"), and this inhibitory effect was over and above the marginal reaction time effect for morphologically unrelated primes that shared just as much left-to-right orthographic overlap with the target stem as the stem homograph primes (moral "moral"). We take this as evidence that the stem homograph effect is a direct consequence of morphological decomposition in lexical access. In a second experiment, an inhibitory effect was observed when the same targets were preceded by primes that were not themselves stem homographic with the target, but rather allomorphically related to stems that were stem homographs (muer-e "she/he/it dies"). Since target inhibition was found for primes whose inflectional stems are not strictly ambiguous at the level of form, this pattern of results provides evidence for morphologically abstract (lemma-like) representations that are engaged in lexical access at a form-neutral level of morpholexical processing.


The growth of the competitiveness can be facilitated through the establishment of functioning technology platforms in the field of agriculture and food industry. Article presents the model of the technology platform which comprises the concept of the cooperation, and means the establishment of the platform over entire value chain management. The success of the model depends also upon the consideration of the total quality management system in all activities of the technology platform.


The focus of this paper is to consider two aspects of location choices: the linkages between short- and long-term behavior in a world of disjointed data, and how the extension to two-worker households might be dealt with in case of spatially dependent error. For the latter, a simple correlation measure which can pick up part of the dependency is suggested. The simple weight matrix can then be used in a paired combinatorial logit model to put structure on similarity coefficients.


Xylans play an important role in cellulose pulps' cooking and bleaching processes as well as in paper properties. The current study presents the xylan content influence on paper's physical-mechanical and optical properties. Results show that the bleached pulps' refinability and strength properties benefited from the presence of higher xylan contents in the bleached pulps, which presented suitable features for the manufacture of printing and writing papers. On the other hand, bleached pulps with low xylan content result in desired properties for tissue paper production.


Marine cable-body systems deployed from surface support vessels are widely used in ocean mining. The present paper addresses their dynamic heave response under severe external excitation due to the heave motion of the surface support vessel. A single-degree-of-freedom model and a multi-degree-of-freedom model are presented. The former is to reveal the fundamental characteristics of the system under extreme excitation while the latter is for predicting the snap loading in the cable. The numerical examples illustrate that under such excitation the dynamic response of marine cable-body systems can lose its stability and become chaotic.


Food Traceability is a customer's and other value chain operator's call, driven by increasing product quality demands and customers' awareness. Traceability in fisheries and aquaculture value chain is related to the geographical origin and location of products, but also to the continuous measurement of products transport and storage conditions. This paper follows the methodology that is being carried out in the ValorMar R&D project in order to conceptualize and design the overall integrated traceability platform architecture and services API.


The paper analysizes the interior and exterior enviroment in Jin cheng Anthracite Group Company from therotical management,and determines its chance and challenge,advantage and disadvantage,thus cocating and planning and implementing its managing strategies.


ABSTRACT Activated carbon derived from biomass waste and their application as supercapacitor electrodes have aroused a considerable research interest in recent years. In this work, we demonstrate the use of Coffea canephora leaf (CCL) waste for the preparation of activated carbon as supercapacitor electrodes via chemical activation with straightforward pyrolysis at high temperatures for the first time. Potassium hydroxide with three different concentrations, i.e. 0.1 M, 0.3 M, and 0.5 M, was used as activating agent. The as-prepared activated carbon using 0.3 M KOH (CCL-0.3) displayed good physicochemical properties and exhibited superior electrochemical performance than the other two samples (0.1 and 0.5 M). CCL-0.3 achieved the specific capacitances of 297 F g−1 and 220 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, CCL-0.3 in 1 M H2SO4 exhibits the equivalent series resistance (R s ) and the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) value of CCL-0.3 in 1 M H2SO4 of 0.73 Ω and 4.9 Ω, respectively. Additionally, this study provides strategies for preparing activated carbon as supercapacitor electrode materials with superior performance via chemical activation with straightforward pyrolysis for the renewable energy storage devices.


Objectives To clarify the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) rs5029939 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility and pathogenesis in the Egyptian population. Background TNFAIP3 is a single nucleotide polymorphisms coding for the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme, associated with autoimmune diseases like SLE. Patients and methods A case–control study included 80 patients with SLE as well as 80 controls. Clinical assessment, renal biopsy, and full laboratory investigations were done. DNA samples were tested for TNFAIP3 using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C > G) genotype distribution showed no statistically significant difference between patients with SLE and controls (P = 0.226); odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of C/C, C/G, and G/G genotypes was 0.89 (0.68–1.04), 1.38 (0.92–1.82), and 1.02 (0.71–1.1), respectively. The most frequent allele in the two groups was C allele in group I and group II (85 and 90%, respectively). Conclusions The studied sample of the Egyptian population carrying TNFAIP3 polymorphism has no susceptibility to developing SLE. Further studies are still needed to verify these results, including a larger number of patients to illuminate the potential role of the TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C > G) gene polymorphism in SLE pathogenesis in Egypt. Further studies are recommended to detect other polymorphisms in the TNFAIP3 gene like rs2230926 in the Egyptian population, investigating the specific ethnic patients' contribution.


Abstract:Teaching the ideological manipulations of the Song of Roland using a theoretical framework informed by the "post-colonial" world, is a helpful step toward interrogating a "clash of civilizations" mentality that stems from the earliest French writings. Contrasting the Muslim Jibraeel from a passage of the Koran with the Christian Gabriel in the poem not only helps debunk stereotypes about Muslims, but also gives students a more complete understanding of how nations and literary canons are mutually shaped. Ultimately, my pedagogy seeks to create a healthy dialogue on how cultural and national difference might be possible after 9/11.


cases per 1,000 individuals per year, followed by Europeans (1.03−1.49 cases per 1,000 individuals) and Hispanic populations. The incidence of VTE in Asian-ancestry populations (0.21−0.29 cases per 1,000 individuals) was less than onefifth the incidence of African-Americans. In Western countries, patients with IBD have a nearly 1.5to 4.0-fold higher risk of VTE when compared with the general population. The overall incidence of VTE in patients with IBD has been reported as 2.4−2.6 cases per 1,000 patients per year, and the incidence was revealed to increase to 9 cases per 1,000 patients per year when disease flare-up in the U.K. IBD population. The incidence of VTE among patients with IBD in Taiwan was reported to be 1.38 per 1,000 patients per year in a nationwide study. As moderate−severe disease activity and hospitalization for IBD flares both increase the risk of VTE, routine anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis is recommended in patients hospitalized with moderate-severe IBD flares and in patients who have undergone major abdominal-pelvic surgery during hospitalization (Table 1). For the treatment of VTE, a minimum of 3 months of anticoagulant therapy for IBD patients with a symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or splanchnic vein thrombosis is strong recommended. Currently, there is no evidence of which anticoagulants is the most effective, treatment choice is depended on consistency and quality of anticoagulation, ease of use, monitoring needs, side-effects and cost. However, these guidelines are based on data gathered from Western populations. In general, the incidence of VTE in Asian populations is lower than that in Western populations. Routine thromboprophylaxis is infrequently used in Asian patients with IBD. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory diseases—which include CD and UC—that predominantly affect the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of IBD was reported to be 8−14 per 100,000 persons in the West. The crude annual incidence of IBD was revealed to be 1.96−5.3 per 100,000 persons in Asia. The ratio of UC to CD was 2.0 in Asia. IBD is increasing in both incidence and prevalence in Asian area. IBD is associated with autoimmune disease and increased risk of thromboembolic events. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. VTE is associated with significant risk of mortality, chronic complications, and recurrence. The 1-year case-fatality rate has been reported to be 22%−29% in Western countries. One-third of patients who survived deep vein thrombosis would experience longterm post-thrombotic syndrome. Symptoms include pain, persistent swelling, and recurrent ulcers of the affected extremity. Patients with pulmonary embolism may develop chronic pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we would discuss the difference in VTE incidence between Asian and Western countries and evaluate whether Asian patients with IBD should receive routine thromboprophylaxis. The incidence of VTE in Western countries has been reported to range from 0.73 to 1.82 per 1,000 persons. The VTE incidence has been reported to be 0.21−0.57 per 1,000 persons in Asia. In North America, VTE was most com-


Objective Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has significant properties in wound healing and tissue repair and is suggested to be of importance for the maintenance of mucosal integrity in the upper digestive tract. The purpose of the present study was to identify any age‐dependent variations in the concentration of bFGF in human saliva.


Introduction:  The aim of this study was to describe the management and prognosis related to a hospital admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to compare results to an earlier study.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of residual methanol,ethanol,hexane and acetic ether in pirfenidone by headspace gas chromatography.Methods The DB-624 capillary column was adopted,the temperature programming and FID detector was used.Results The four compositions had good linear relationship,and the precision and reproducibility were accord with the requirements.Conclusion This method could be used to determine residual methanol,ethanol,hexane and acetic ether in pirfenidone.


A survey of transovarially transmitted diseases, including salmonellosis [(pullorum disease; PD)/(fowl typhoid; FT)], mycoplasmosis, avian infectious anemia (CIA), and fowl adenovirus infection was conducted in the breeder chickens from August to December in 2009. The numbers of flocks sampled out were: Grand Parents Stock (GPS), 45; Parents Stock (PS) 1,018, Baeksemi breeder (BSB) 54. The seroprevalence of salmonellosis (PD/FT) were 0% (GPS), 3.2% (PS), and 3% (BSB), respectively. A total of 983 chicken farms were affected with FT outbreaks between 2000 and 2008. The incidence of FT in commercial broilers, Baeksemi, commercial layers, native chickens, and broiler breeders was 44.3%, 26.2%, 15.7%, 12.6% and 1.08%, respectively. Of the affected broilers, over 90% birds were under 2 weeks of age, indicating it was possible that they were infected with S. gallinarum via vertical transmission. The sero-positive flocks against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were 71.1% (GPS), 88.7% (PS), 88.7% (BSB), while the rates of positive flocks against Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were 86.0% (GPS), 77.0% (PS), and 98.0% (BSB). In GP and parent farms, the detection rates on specific genes of CIA virus were 19/45 (42.2%), and 169/1039 (18.0%), respectively, whereas the seroprevalence of CIA were 86.0% in GPS and 93.7% in PS flocks. In addition, positive flocks of fowl adenoviruses were 4.4% (GPS), 2.7% (PS) and 9.35% (BSB), respectively. As the results, avian mycoplasmosis and CIA have been more prevailing in chicken breeder than avian salmonellosis and fowl adenovirus infection in Korea.


The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of three types of shoe insoles, on electromyography activity of selected lower extremity muscles during running on treadmill. The electromyography activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles of 14 male athletes were recorded in non-insole, wearing soft, semi-rigid and rigid insoles conditions during running on treadmill. Electromyography activity of the rectus femoris muscle in the loading phase was lower in soft insole condition than other conditions. In the preswing/early swing phase, there was difference of the rectus femoris muscle activity in the soft/non-insole and soft/semi-rigid conditions. In this phase, the biceps femoris muscle had different activity in the semistiff/non-insole and semi-rigid/rigid conditions. In the mid-swing phase, there was a difference in the activity of the rectus femoris and the tibialis anterior muscles in the non-insole/semi-rigid condition, and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle in the non-insole condition with other conditions. There was difference also for biceps femoris muscle activity in the semi-rigid/non-insole condition in the pre-activation phase. The vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles activity in the soft insole condition was lower than that of the semi-rigid condition. It seems that the intensity and contraction pattern of the muscles change while using different shoe insoles with different variety of stiffness during running. It could be useful in choosing a shoe insole with a suitable stiffness material level for clinical and training purposes.


We present comparisons of high-pT photon and pion production in hadronic interactions with expectations from next-to-leading order pertubative QCD (NLO pQCD). We also comment on phenomenological models of kT smearing (which approximate effects of additional soft-gluon emission) and on the status of resummation calculations.


We give a complete characterization of a supercyclic abelian semigroup of matrices on C n . For finitely generated semigroups, this characterization is explicit and it is used to determine the minimal number of matrices in normal form over C that form a supercyclic abelian semigroup on C n . In particular, no abelian semigroup generated by n − 1 matrices on C n can be supercyclic.


M.Tech Student, Assistant Professor Electronics and Communication Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract : The Internet of Things(IoT) is the network of physical objects or things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to enable objects to exchange data using Internet. IoT is present up going and future technology, it is estimated that 25 billion things are interconnected by the end of 2020. This project aims at implementing an advanced and real time system for monitoring and tracking the bus to ensure the safety of public on IoT platform. The system is about providing information of emergencies such as accidents, break down, fire accidents, defilement by immediately sharing the location and images of the inside environment of the bus to the concerned authorities by Email alert. This system provided with user keys. In case of vehicle break down, siren is on through provided key. In case of accidents and defilement an email alert will be sent to the authorities with the images of the inside environment of the bus along with the GPS location of the bus. The complete system uses Raspberry Pi build around using ARMI76JZF-S Micro processor. This project has interface devices such as camera, GPS, speakers to Micro processor. The basic goal of this project is to provide information about location and images of the inside environment of the bus to the concerned authorities by Email alert. The images are captured by using Pi camera and location by GPS module.


To control the ship emissions in Adriatic Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems, it is necessary to identify, classify and collect set of parameters required for calculation the total amount of pollutants coming from each vessel of interest and their spatial distribution. Corresponding data has to be sent from ship to responsible Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) in such form to be easily decoded and implemented in emission register data base. Using of Automatic Identification System (AIS) imposes itself as the most effective solution for that purpose, both from the economic and technical implementation aspects. In order to create dynamic model for ship emission prediction, suitable for Adriatic Sea area, it is necessary to implement additional data in AIS message, particularly those related to ship power plant characteristics, fuel consumption and weather conditions. In this paper, AIS system possibilities for ship emission monitoring are examined. Authors suggested the use of AIS application specific binary messages which may significantly extent the AIS system capabilities and allow easier data acquisition, and proposed a solution for AIS based emission monitoring in Adriatic Sea.