Stainless steel sheets are successively heated to a temperature of 1150°C and cooled until ambient temperature during the production process. Requirements for high cooling rates of stainless steel sheets producers lead to use water as a cooling medium. The information about cooling intensity (heat transfer coefficient) of different nozzles configurations is necessary for designing cooling sections. Although many researchers deal with water spray cooling, actually a general correlation for predicting heat transfer coefficient for wide range of nozzles configurations does not exists. That is the reason why heat transfer coefficient for different nozzles configurations can be only obtained by laboratory measurements. Heat transfer coefficient is mostly influenced by water impingement density and impact velocity. However other factors e.g. water temperature and velocity of the sheet can influence the heat transfer coefficient. Optimized design of the cooling unit with high cooling intensity and low water consumption was achieved by appropriate choice of these parameters. The moving experimental sheet was cooled from a temperature of 900°C to a temperature of 50°C with various configurations of nozzles. The tests shown that heat transfer coefficient was increasing with water impingement density and impact velocity. Increasing water temperature from 20 °C to 80 °C caused a decrease of the heat transfer coefficient and Leidenfrost temperature. The effect of velocity is negligible when velocities are between 25 and 100 m/min. The cooling unit was designed according to laboratory measurements to fulfill the stainless steel producer's requirements. The measurements which were done in an industrial plant confirmed the accuracy of heat transfer coefficient obtained in the laboratory. The maximum difference between laboratory and plant measurements was 15%.


A mobile station (102) transmits a plurality of channels including a pilot channel and at least one information channel. In the exemplary embodiment, the base station (106) determines the adequacy of the transmission energy of the reverse link signal in accordance with the received energy of the reverse link pilot signal. In the present invention, the pilot channel transmission power is retained at the level it was prior to the frequency search excursion, while increasing the transmission energy of at least one other channel transmitted by the mobile station. In addition, when the mobile station (102) is not capable of increasing the transmission energy of all of the information channels, the mobile station (102) generates a ranking of the importance of the different information channels and selectively increases the transmission power of those channels. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


The paper discusses the method of designing channels based on numerical simulations with the aim of achieving optimal beam parameters at the exit of the channel. Methodology was used to optimize the parameters of the transport channel of the electron accelerator, with significant loss of beam intensity in the output beam from the accelerator and in the process of transport of the beam for the experimental equipment.


The frequency distribution of the second harmonic radiated by a two-level system in the presence of a two-photon resonant electromagnetic field is investigated. It is shown that the interaction of a permanent dipole with the driving field causes, in the second harmonic spectra, effects analogous to those belonging to the resonance fluorescence. The effects (dynamic Zeeman or Stark effects) are, however, of the second order in the amplitude of the driving field. The results are illustrated by using the vectorial model of Feynman, Vernon and Hellwarth (1957). Numerical results based on realistic parameters of a paramagnetic system are given.


We report a case of giant cardiac tumor diagnosed at fetal life and thought to be a fibroma. Six months later, a marked regression of the tumor size was observed. Diagnosis of rhabdomyoma was retrospectively made. Tuberous sclerosis was then suspected and MRI showed many signs of consistent diagnosis.


We have previously shown that hypertrophic scar tissue from burn patients contains abnormally high amounts of the proteoglycans versican and biglycan and reduced amounts of decorin, in comparison with normal dermis or mature scar. The lack of decorin may account for the poor organization of collagen fibrils in the nodular areas of these scars. Decorin has also been reported to neutralize the fibrogenic growth factor TGF‐β1. This study was conducted to monitor the time‐course of expression of decorin in healing burn wounds by in‐situ hybridization to determine whether its absence from hypertrophic scars could result from reduced synthesis.


355 non-cemented MOM arthroplasties, of a single surgeon, with a follow up of 3–16 years (avg. 7.5 years) were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of pseudotumor and aseptic mechanical failure. There were 186 with 28 mm heads, 126 with 34 mm heads, 47 with 38 mm heads, from a single manufacturer. There were 5 revisions of 38 mm heads for atraumatic painful "metalosis" 4–8 years after implantation (10.7%). There were 4 revisions of 34 mm heads for post-traumatic instability (dislocation) with secondary metalosis 4–7 years after implantation (3.1%) There were 2 revisions of 28 mm heads for post-traumatic instability (dislocation) with secondary metalosis 6–12 years after implantation (1.1%). There were 5 patients, all with 38 mm heads, with asymptomatic "psoas bursae" with elevated serum CR and Co levels (1.0–3.0). All of the failed THR9s had acetabular components with lateral tilt Particulate debris, whether secondary to polyethylene, ceramic or metal articulations has been well documented as a cause of synovitis and damage to bony and soft tissues adjacent to a THR. This debris appears to be the result of material wear and mechanical failure with use over time. Unlike native articular cartilage, these materials are incapable of self-lubrication. Therefore THR articulations are dependent upon the penetration of ambient synovial fluid to provide lubrication of the replacement surfaces. This study suggests that increase in head diameter may reduce penetration of synovial fluid between the articulating surfaces of a THR, compromising the lubrication of bearing surfaces; thereby contributing to accelerated wear and premature failure of larger MOM arthroplasties.


Trend prediction is an important part in fault diagnosis and condition monitoring.Grey models GM(1,1).GM(1,1)with newly information and their synthetical application are discussed tasking oil spectroscopic analysis for example.It is proved that synthetical model has higher precision in multiple forecasting than single model.


We examine the legitimacy transfer given by external affiliations and find that it significantly improves crowdfunding success. The paper uses a mixed method approach to determine the impact of an ...


In this paper, we present the fabrication and characterization of a temperature sensor based on a BAW design for viscous liquids. The temperature sensing principle depend on the acoustic velocity and shifted time response is a direct function of the liquid temperature and not by liquid properties such as density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity [3]. The material used for the design and fabrication was a YZ-cut lithium niobate substrate, which was found to be suitable due to its electromechanical coupling and high temperature sensibility compared to other piezoelectric materials [4]. This material is not suitable for high temperature because there is chemical decomposition at 300 Celsius [5], but below these temperatures the sensor shows an excellent response. The metals used for IDT design were chrome (for adhesion) and gold (for wire bonding interface). The principal operation frequency of the sensor is 13MHz, given by the geometry of the IDT design and its substrate properties. Keywords—bulk acoustic wave, temperature transducer, piezoelectric resonator


s and Selections. Lengthening Human Life In This Country One=Third. AN EPITOME OF PROFESSOR IRVING FISHER'S RFPORT AS A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION. In President Roosevelt's message to Congress, one of the most striking features was the recommendation that we should conserve not only our material, but also our vital resources. As he said, we must remove the reproach that this nation takes more care for the lives of its hogs and cattle than for the lives of human beings. What might be accomplished by a determined effort to conserve human life, has been estimated for the Conservation Commission by one of its members, Professor Irving Fisher, of Yale University. By the aid of eighteen medical experts, he has calculated that the prevention, even in a moderate degree, of preventable diseases, would lengthen human life in this country fully one-third and possibly much more. It used to be supposed that the average Length of human life was fixed by an iron law, and that, although the individual might occasionally elude the grim reaper for a time, the race as a whole must needs conform to this inexorable law of mortality. Such an idea originated from the fact that the early mortality tables for different countries showed a remarkable resemblance. Professor Fisher points out, however, that this resemblance between the mor tality rates of different countries was due to the similarity among them of the conditions to which human life was exposed. More recent statistics show that the mortality rate varies greatly at different times and places. Statistics recently cal culated for India show the startling fact that the average duration of life there is less than twenty-five years, as compared with fifty-two years for Sweden, or more than double. Besides this, it appears that life is rapidly lengthening in those countries where sanitary science and preventive medicine are being put in practice, while in India human life is not lengthening at all. It remains stationary, because so little progress has been made in the application of preventive medicine. In Europe, statistics show that the average length of human life has doubled in three and a half centuries (from 20 to 40 years) and that it is now increasing faster than ever. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, life increased at the rate of about four years for each century. During the first half of the nineteenth century, it increased at the rate of about nine years per century. During the latter half of the nineteenth century the rate of increase was seventeen years per century and in Prussia, where medical and sanitary science has reached its highest development, it has increased at the rate of twenty-seven years per century. In this country, so far as can be estimated from the meager statistics (which are mostly from the State of Massachusetts), life is lengthening at about the rate of fourteen years per century, or half the Prussian rate. But Professor Fisher, who has made these calculations, points out that we do not have to wait one hundred years to enjoy this increase. Such a new lease of life, if we will, we may have for ourselves and our children. All that is needed is to apply the known rules of prevention which medical experts have developed. More than three-fourths of the deaths from tuberculosis, which alone number 150,000 per year, are unnecessary. More than fourfifths of the deaths and illness from typhoid fever could be avoided. In Lawrence, Mass., after a pure water supply was installed, the deaths from typhoid shrank by eighty per cent. Recent investigations by Professor Sedgwick and others show that for every death from typhoid prevented by sanitary measures, two or three deaths from other diseases are prevented at the same time. Professor Fisher calculates that pure water, pure milk, and pure air, if used throughout the nation to the extent that they are used in certain individual places would alone lengthen life by an average of eight years. He also estimates that there is a great amount of needless illness. There are at all times about three million people in the United States seriously ill, of whom about 500,000 are consumptives. Most of this illness is preventable. None of these calculations take account of discoveries in medicine or sanitary science calculated to lengthen human life, such as those which Professor Metchnikoff is endeavoring to perfect. Professor Fisher's figures are based merely on knowledge already gained and tested. If we attempt to put in dollars and cents the gain which would come from the increase of human life in this country from the forty-five years, which is its present average, to the sixty years which statistics show could easily be .attained, the results are start ling. Reckoning the value of each life saved at only $1,700 and the value of the earnings lost by illness at only $700 per year, during the working period of life, it is found that over one and one-half billions of dollars is the money value of the lengthening and strengthening of life and efficiency which could be secured. In order to obtain this result, co-operation is needed between individuals, cities, the States, and the national government. The health service of the nation would have to be improved and much more liberally supported. First of all, the health agencies of the government would need to be concentrated into one department, and this department must be so organized as to carry on a con tinuous campaign of education to teach people how to prevent disease and death. The Department of the Interior already con tains a nucleus for such concentration in the Bureau of Education and in its control of certain government hospitals. The most important agency, however, is the Public Health and Marine Hos pital Service, now in the Department of the Treasury, with which it is entirely incongruous, while the administration of the Pure Food and Drugs Act is now in the hands of the Department of Agriculture. That such health agencies should be concentrated is the recommendation of President Roosevelt, and this is known to accord with the wishes of President-elect Taft, and was also.intro duced by special planks into the platforms of both political parties. Such a movement has for a long time been advocated by the Ameri can Health League and the Committee of One Hundred on Nation al Health, and for a still longer time by the American Medical Association.—American Health. The differentiation between a specific and tuberculous ulcer of the fauces is sometimes very difficult. As a rule the specific ulcer is shallow, grayish, with a regular margin,' not very tender and does not cause dysphagia; on the other hand, a tuberculous ulcer is deeper, more sloughy, irregular in outline, has an outer inflam matory zone, is exquisitively tender and causes great pain on swal lowing; laryngeal examination may reveal a tuberculous condition of the cords.—American Journal of Surgery.


The Super-8 films of Derek Jarman (1942–94) are discussed in the light of the artist's involvement with gay politics and his sense of being an outsider. This led him to identify with elements in Jung's psychology, especially his work on alchemy. Jarman's manipulation of Super-8 film images was comparable to an alchemical processing of the material contributing to his personal development – a process that Jung called individuation. The author argues that Jarman's radical approach to filmmaking is not only an active challenge to the assumption of film images as representative of reality but, in the hands of a politically gay filmmaker, also challenges normative assumptions of sexuality.


In recent years, China has entered the peak of obsolescence of waste household appliances again with their faster upgrading and shorter life. The recycling of waste household appliances in reverse logistics will become a new area of China federation of logistics in the future. Transportation is an important part in the recycling activities. It is the key to reduce logistics costs that how to arrange efficiently for vehicles to recycle waste household appliances effectively and choose route reasonably. We establish a definite model of vehicle routing optimization of waste household appliances based on cost and apply the ant colony algorithm to solve the model in this paper. As the convergence speed of the ant colony algorithm is slow and it is easy to fall into local optimal solution, we improve the algorithm. Finally, this paper verifies the validity of the algorithm by an example.


ZnO–CuO nanocomposite thin films were prepared by carbothermal evaporation of ZnO and Cu, combined with annealing. The effects of 90 MeV Ni7+ ion irradiation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. XRD studies showed the presence of ZnO and CuO nanostructures in the nanocomposites. FESEM images revealed the presence of nanosheets and nanorods in the nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites was evaluated on the basis of degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under sun light irradiation and it was observed that swift heavy ion irradiation results in significant enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites towards degradation of MB and MO dyes. The possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites is proposed. We attribute the observed enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites to the combined effects of improved sun light utilization and suppression of the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in ZnO–CuO nanocomposites.


Gaussian mixtures (or so-called radial basis function networks) for density estimation provide a natural counterpart to sigmoidal neural networks for function fitting and approximation. In both cases, it is possible to give simple expressions for the iterative improvement of performance as components of the network are introduced one at a time. In particular, for mixture density estimation we show that a k-component mixture estimated by maximum likelihood (or by an iterative likelihood improvement that we introduce) achieves log-likelihood within order 1/k of the log-likelihood achievable by any convex combination. Consequences for approximation and estimation using Kullback-Leibler risk are also given. A Minimum Description Length principle selects the optimal number of components k that minimizes the risk bound.


Inpaper theprinciples ofathin-film optical filters numerical modeling with Monte-Carlo method application areconsidered. This method allows totakeinto account influence ofamultiple reflection oflight quantums inthin-film structures.


The invention relates to a kind of compound material of pet food and the preparative way of it, which has something to do with animal food technology. The compound material comprises animal skin, animal meat, edible gum glycerin and edible spices. After softening, roughly wringing, milling, mixing, shaping, drying and stripping, producers can get the products. The compound material can not only relieve the shortage of pet food raw materials and reduce the cost, but also obtain the material that can attract pet food domain directly so as to provide a fire-new choice of pet food material.


The mixed boundary value problem is considered for an anisotropic elastic body under the condition that a boundary value of the displacement vector is given on some part of the boundary and a boundary value of the generalized stress vector on the remainder. Using the potential method and the theory of singular integral equations with discontinuous coefficients, the existence of a solution of the mixed boundary value problem is proved.


While blockchain technology has gained significant popularity and adoption, auditing the legitimacy of on-chain transactions continues to present complex technical challenges. To address the challenge of auditing the legitimacy of on-chain transactions in multi-chain systems, this paper proposes an Auditing-Service Multi-Chain architecture that utilizes a new Auditing Chain to facilitate cross-chain auditing of transactions across multiple Service Chains. However, the performance of the consensus mechanism of the Auditing Chain is limited under the increasing number of Service Chains and transaction volumes. To overcome the shortcomings of the Auditing Chain's consensus mechanism, this paper introduces a new consensus that employs a sliding window approach to determine the consensus nodes' membership and automatically selects the leader node. Moreover, the communication tree structure is utilized in the broadcast phase to optimize the network overhead in the consensus stage. Additionally, this paper applies the CoSi collective signature protocol to streamline the consensus process and enhance the throughput and scalability of the Auditing Chain. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed consensus mechanism satisfies the performance requirements of the Auditing-Service Multi-Chain architecture in a local test network environment.


Traditionally, many science educators have taught science without addressing ethical questions. The inclusion of moral discourse in science teaching helps educators to bring to the fore problematic social issues related to the application of science, and offers an opportunity for students to practice their future engagement in the public discourse about science. This paper presents the results of an interpretive case study of the appropriateness of dilemma stories as a standard tool for initiating moral discourse. The analysis was shaped by a critical constructivist perspective, and incorporated the multiple perspectives of the students, teachers, and the researcher. The study was conducted in a public senior high school, with one biology teacher and one mathematics/physics teacher and their classes. The results indicate that a dilemma teaching approach can lead students to self-examination, critical assessment of their assumptions, and perspective transformation, all of which form part of transformative learning. This type of teaching challenges teachers to develop the skills of facilitation, moderation, and self-restraint in order not to impose their opinion on the students. The study identified six potentially problematic aspects of a dilemma teaching approach are not addressed by the existing literature: student engagement with the stories, the (in)authenticity of student portfolio-notes, teachers' good intention as potentially unethical imposition, the frequency of dilemma units, teacher skills, integration of ethics into existing learning areas, the effect of so-called problem students on the dilemma approach and vice versa, and time requirements. Introduction This paper presents the results of an interpretive case study within the 7 Moment of Qualitative Research (Lincoln & Denzin, 2000), that inquired into the experiences of teachers, students, and the researcher during a month-long project, called "Ethics in Science", conducted at a co-educational, public senior high-school in Graz, Austria. The research reported here forms part of a doctoral thesis that investigated the efficacy of teaching ethical issues using a dilemma approach within a critical constructivist framework (Taylor, 1998). In this paper, I focus on the dilemmas with dilemmas – if we want to use dilemma-stories as a teaching method what do we need to be aware of? Background of the study The changing global society has made it necessary to change the education system, and thus to the national curriculum frameworks of many countries. When Austria joined the European Union in 1995 new challenges and requirements had to be met by the Austrian schooling system, such as multiculturality and European integration (Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft & Kunst, 2000; Kirste, 2001). The result was a revised curriculum framework, the "Lehrplanreform 99" (Curriculum Reform 99) for the lower level of secondary schools (Years 5-8) which is now at the stage of implementation. The new overarching curriculum statement is geared towards the development of self and social competencies as well as the development of the ability to make informed decisions. The new overarching curriculum statement also focuses on the development of key qualifications, such as team-competency and empathy, communication skills, self-security, organisational talent, the development of persistence, and the ability to include other people and to convince them of common goals (KU Eichstätt, n.d.). These competencies are mirrored by the new key features of the curriculum framework, such as an analysis of society and of values, which in the curriculum document is described as the 'religious-ethical-philosophical' dimension of 'Bildung'. The term 'Bildung' (German = formation) can be translated as the 'formation of a whole individual', similar to the idea of 'holistic education' in English speaking countries. Bildung forms the philosophical foundation of Middle European educational thought. An important part of Bildung is formed by an analysis of values that is grounded in the rapid societal change in Europe, in European integration, in globalisation, in intercultural exchange, in democracy, in worldviews, and in an incorporation of moral and ethical values which enable the individual to approach ethical dilemmas in an informed manner. When the new curriculum framework was about to be implemented, many Austrian teachers voiced concerns about how they were facing the dilemma of teaching moral issues without appropriate methodologies and pedagogical competency. Given this background, the Austrian Youth Red Cross initiated a study addressing how to improve moral and value education in Austrian classrooms (Gschweitl, Mattner-Begusch, Neumayr & Schwetz, 1998). As a member of the research team, I was directly involved in the initial planning, implementation and evaluation stage of the project. The result of the project was a teaching approach adapted to meet the requirements of a social constructivist learning environment, using dilemma stories. The dilemma teaching approach, using dilemma stories, was based on the work of Lawrence Kohlberg (Kohlberg, 1984; Kohlberg, 1996). Drawing on my experience during the Red Cross Project, and taking into account insights gained through the study of additional literature on moral education, I subsequently focused my doctoral thesis on the evaluation of a dilemma teaching approach in the context of science education. According to Allchin (2001), many science teachers shy away from addressing values because of fear that values are outside the domain of science or, in the worst case, that values betray the very core of science. This fear is mirrored in the rather small number of publications within science education addressing issues of moral and ethical education.


Abstract The case of Madrid is used as empirical focus to propose a new classification of the metropolitan region urban medium-sized or secondary city system. Based on a methodology that integrates the morphological (size, location and socioeconomic history) and the functional dimensions (centrality index, advanced producer services (APS) concentration and commuting), the article compares new employment centres—cities with metropolitan origin—and historical cities—previously free standing cities, progressively integrated in metropolitan processes. The results show a distinction between (1) metropolitan cities, with a traditional intermediation role, and (2) metropolitan intermediary cities, that include an additional quality to their traditional intermediation role, that of concentrating APS. The article confirms that some medium-sized cities—metropolitan intermediary cities—linked to different origins and up to 100 km away from the metropolis are more visible in the global scene and are establishing an emerging global multicore-network at a metropolitan-regional scale.


Abstract The essential oil isolated from leaves of Eureka, and Lisbon (citrus limon Burm.F.) lemons were analysed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. Twenty eight constituents accounting for 94.8 % of the Eureka oil and twenty-six constituents accounting for 97.4 % of the Lisbon were identified. Limonene (30.0 - 34.0 %). and geranial (14.4 -18.7 %)were found to be the maj or constituents in the oils, while other constituents varied.


High speed data stream brings the phenomenon that the data rate is higher relative to the ensemble classifiers' computational power,so the ensemble classifiers can't train all data which reached recently to update themselves. An ensemble classifiers is proposed based on biased sample. Expectation error is analyzed through biased variance decomposition method,and the data is also biased sampled by computing all data's expectation error contribution degree which is waited for being sampled. This method can reduce time to train and update ensemble classifiers and will be contrasted with random sample ensemble classifiers. It indicates that this method has more prediction accuracy on condition the same proportion of sample.


Traffic calming is an integral part of contemporary traffic planning and traffic management being used for fulfilling different tasks such as reducing vehicle speed and traffic volume, and in final terms reducing number of accidents. Traffic calming measures are notstandardized internationally and have significant differences in geometric shape and layout in different countries, as well as in Estonia. At the same time impacts of different calming measures are unstudied well, and often the surveys are incomparable to each other. There are also no certain recommendation which measures should be implemented under different conditions. One of the reasons for that is lack of tested methodology for estimating the effectiveness of calming measures. This paper describes research that aimed at developing such a methodology and conducting a pilot study to test it. Effectiveness of traffic calming measures is estimated from the perspectives of vehicle speed and public acceptance. The new methodology assumes conducting an experiment. It allows comparing efficiency of two or more measures of the same type. The pilot study was conducted in Tallinn with a sample of 30 drivers. Results of this study proved that the new methodology is suitable for estimating effectiveness of traffic calming measures.


Metal halide perovskites have revolutionized the development of highly efficient, solution‐processable solar cells. Further advancements rely on improving perovskite film qualities through a better understanding of the underlying growth mechanism. Here, a systematic in situ grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction investigation is performed, facilitated by other techniques, on the sequential deposition of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)‐based perovskite films. The active chemical reaction, composition distribution, phase transition, and crystal grain orientation are all visualized following the entire perovskite formation process. Furthermore, the influences of additive ions on the crystallization speed, grain orientation, and morphology of FAPbI3‐based films, along with their photovoltaic performances, are fully evaluated and optimized, which leads to highly reproducible and efficient perovskite solar cells. The findings provide key insights into the perovskite growth mechanism and suggest the fabrication of high‐quality perovskite films for widespread optoelectronic applications.


Abstract Disclosure: S. Idriss: None. N. Barua: None. I. Jamal: None. A. Jabiev: None. Introduction: Unilateral Acute adrenal infarction (AAI) is a rare cause of acute abdomen in pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 1.3%. It usually presents with sudden, severe, and unremitting flank pain. The most common cause of AAI is adrenal vein thrombosis. We present a 26-year-old pregnant female who presents with right flank and back pain, found to have AAI without hemorrhage. Case: 26-year-old female Primigravida without significant past medical history presented to the emergency room at 33 weeks of gestation with sudden onset of RUQ flank and back pain. She was afebrile and normotensive. Physical exam was positive for right flank point tenderness. She underwent multiple investigations including an abdominal US which did not reveal an acute pathology. She was admitted and started on opioids which failed to control her pain. An abdominal MRI was obtained subsequently revealing 4.6cm right adrenal gland lesion suspicious for AAI without hemorrhage and normal left adrenal gland. The pain was poorly controlled warranting Dilaudid drip and repeat imaging/CT showed adrenal gland mass with density of 41-52 HU suspicious for lipid poor adenoma versus adrenal hematoma on CT scan. Initial AM Cortisol level was 46 ug/dl, then it trended down to 31.7. DHEAS was low at 94.2 ug/dl. Plasma metanephrines and normetanephrines were normal. Course was complicated with hypotension and worsening pain on day 10 of admission, repeat MRI showed increase in right adrenal lesion size and cystic transformation, containing some T2 hypointense septations and debris without notable intrinsic T1 hyperintensity to suggest blood products, and restricted diffusion which is a finding compatible with AAI. Repeat AM Cortisol and DHEAS were low at 12 and 61.3 respectively. Despite normal left adrenal gland, clinical picture was consistent with adrenal insufficiency and she was started on stress steroids. Thrombophilia workup was negative. She ultimately underwent c-section on day 13 of admission. She was discharged on physiologic dose of steroids with a pending repeat MRI and outpatient follow up. Discussion: Adrenal glands, especially with preexisting nodules are predisposed to micro-vascular thrombosis and infarction during procoagulable states. Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state that predisposes patients to thrombotic events. The relative risk of thrombosis is 5-6 times higher in pregnant than non-pregnant females of the same age. Our patient had evidence of adrenal insufficiency and required steroid replacement. Anticoagulation was not started due to possible subtle hematoma on CT scan on initial imaging. Follow up imaging is planned. Conclusion: Adrenal infarction is a rare cause of abdominal pain during pregnancy, and if missed, it can result in devastating clinical consequences for the mother and the child. Adrenal insufficiency if found should be addressed to prevent circulatory collapse. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023


The author suggests that a multifaceted approach is optimal in the assessment of children who meet criteria for AD/HD. The diagnosis of AD/HD is often discounted by psychoanalysts because it is purely descriptive and behavioral, but it can be understood in psychoanalytic terms as a disturbance in ego functioning, namely in the synthetic, integrative function. The impact of this disturbance on development and its reverberation with dynamics, both intra-psychic and familial, create complex and highly individualized clinical presentations that evolve as development proceeds. Psychoanalytically informed evaluation and treatment recommendations are optimal, because enlightened psychoanalysts can integrate the multiple contributions to the clinical picture and craft an appropriate and balanced approach to help the child and the family toward progressive development. Such an approach may include medication, parent counseling, remediation, and psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. There is an incongruity … between the analyst's therapeutic thinking, which is metapsychological, i.e., directed toward the dynamic, economic, genetic, and structural aspects of psychic functioning, and his thinking as a diagnostician, which proceeds on the basis of concepts and categories which are descriptive. The difference between these viewpoints is so fundamental that it has caused many analysts to withdraw their interest altogether from diagnostic assessment as from an area which is neither essential nor very significant for their field of work, and has caused some others to regard all their patients' abnormalities as mere variations of the many vagaries and complexities of human behavior…. If symptoms are viewed merely as manifest phenomena, dealing with them remains arid so far as analytic interest is concerned. If the clinician is alerted to see opening up behind these the whole range of possible derivations, causations, and developmental affiliations, the field becomes fascinating, and scrutinizing a child's symptomatology becomes a truly analytic task. Besides, so far as work with children is concerned, diagnostic assessment is more than a mere intellectual exercise for the clinician. It is, in fact, the only true guide to the choice of therapeutic method.


The International Space Station (ISS) Node 1 Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System is comprised of five subsystems: Atmosphere Control and Supply (ACS), Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Fire Detection and Suppression (FDS), Temperature and Humidity Control (THC), and Water Recovery and Management (WRM). This paper provides a summary of the Node 1 Emergency Response capability, which includes nominal and off-nominal FDS operation, off nominal ACS operation, and off-nominal THC operation. These subsystems provide the capability to help aid the crew members during an emergency cabin depressurization, a toxic spill, or a fire. The paper will also provide a discussion of the detailed Node 1 ECLS Element Verification methodologies for operation of the Node 1 Emergency Response hardware operations utilized during the Qualification phase.


Thank you for reading feminist perspectives in philosophy. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this feminist perspectives in philosophy, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer. feminist perspectives in philosophy is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the feminist perspectives in philosophy is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The first few frosts of the fall bring the potential for prussic acid poisoning when feeding forages. Some forage species, primarily sorghums and closely related species, contain cyanogenic glucosides, which are converted quickly to prussic acid in freeze-damaged plant tissue. Historically in Iowa there are very few documented cases of prussic acid poisoning. However, the risk is present, and good management practices are necessary to minimize the risks.


Surface granular flow, comprising granular material flowing on the surface of a heap of the same material, occurs in several industrial and natural systems. The rheology of such a flow was investigated by means of measurements of velocity and number-density profiles in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating cylinder, half-filled with a model granular material – monosize spherical stainless-steel particles. The measurements were made at the centre of the cylinder, where the flow is fully developed, using streakline photography and image analysis. The stress profile was computed from the number-density profile using a force balance which takes into account wall friction. Mean-velocity and root-mean-square (r.m.s.)-velocity profiles are reported for different particle sizes and cylinder rotation speeds. The profiles for the mean velocity superimpose when distance is scaled by the particle diameter d and velocity by a characteristic shear rate $\dot{\gamma}_C = [g\sin(\beta_m-\beta_s)/d\cos\beta_s]^{1/2}$ and the particle diameter, where βm is the maximum dynamic angle of repose and βs is the static angle of repose. The maximum dynamic angle of repose is found to vary with the local flow rate. The scaling is also found to work for the r.m.s. velocity profiles. The mean velocity is found to decay exponentially with depth in the bed, with decay length λ = 1.1d. The r.m.s. velocity shows similar behaviour but with λ = 1.7d. The r.m.s. velocity profile shows two regimes: near the free surface the r.m.s. velocity is nearly constant and below a transition point it decays linearly with depth. The shear rate, obtained by numerical differentiation of the velocity profile, is not constant anywhere in the layer and has a maximum which occurs at the same depth as the transition in the r.m.s. velocity profile. Above the transition point the velocity distributions are Gaussian and below the transition point the velocity distributions gradually approach a Poisson distribution. The shear stress increases roughly linearly with depth. The variation in the apparent viscosity η with r.m.s. velocity u shows a relatively sharp transition at the shear-rate maximum, and in the region below this point the apparent viscosity η ∼ u−1.5. The measurements indicate that the flow comprises two layers: an upper low-viscosity layer with a nearly constant r.m.s. velocity and a lower layer of increasing viscosity with a decreasing r.m.s. velocity. The thickness of the upper layer depends on the local flow rate and is independent of particle diameter while the reverse is found to hold for the lower-layer thickness. The experimental data is compared with the predictions of three models for granular flow.


Several studies have approached sense perception in the encyclopaedias of Thomas of Cantimpré, Bartholomew the Englishman, and Vincent of Beauvais. A comparative analysis of these encyclopaedias shows that all of them arrange sense perception in accordance with the expositions on the soul and with human and animal anatomy. Yet there are significant differences in how they treat the objects of sensation: Thomas does not refer to them at all, Bartholomew considers them to be "accidents," and Vincent deals with them separately when discussing the features of the sensible world. These differences, I argue, respond to two different readings of Aristotle.


Desulfurization of preoxidized Illinois Basin coal, IBC-108, with formic acid has been studied using a factorial design with four process variables: temperature, reaction time, amount of formic acid and amount of hydrogen peroxide used in the preoxidation step. Maximum total removal of 74% sulfur was achieved by pre-treatment of 5 g coal with 10 ml hydrogen peroxide followed by reaction with 7.5 ml formic acid at 500 C, in a 300 ml batch reactor. The results show that oxidation with hydrogen peroxide significantly enhances the level of desulfurization that may be obtained with subsequent chemical or thermal treatments.


The volume authored by a public administrator and a bureaucrattraces the genesis of the process and content of privatization of public services in the United States since the 1970s.The author, one of the parties involved intriggeringan early debate on the benefits of privatization has published in the last three decades books and papers on the subject. His book of 1987 'Privatization: The key to better Government' was published in 13 foreign editions. The purpose of the present volume is to develop better government "appropriately limited in size and functions, but fully capable of providing the legal, economic and (collective) 'goods infrastructure that will permit the private sector to reach its full potential"


1. Abstract The design approach and practical results on a 2 joule, 26 kV, 6,5kHz pulser, using IGBT's as primary switches, are reported. These switches are arranged in a conventional inverter bridge configuration. A voltage step-up pulse transformer, with high voltage secondary capacitor, serves as load. Charge is transferred resonantly, on command, from a low voltage dc source, via the transformer and an optional secondary rectifier bridge, to the secondary capacitor. In the unipolar mode, i.e. with rectifier, this capacitor is discharged either through a thyratron into a pulse forming network or through an electromagnetic pulse compressor into the laser. In the bipolar mode the rectifier is omitted and the secondary capacitor is charged positively and negatively on alternate half cycles'. In this mode the pulse compressor is automatically reset for every half cycle by the preceding half cycle. 2. Background.


The avian nasal mites are a group of Mesostigmata, belonging to the family Rhinonyssidae, Trouessart, 1895, obligate endoparasites of the respiratory system of birds. In Brazil, seven of the eight genera of this family have been recorded. After examining the Acarological Collection of the Instituto Butantan, the species Rallinyssus gallinulae Fain, 1960 and Rhinoecius bisetosus Strandtmann, 1952 were identified from Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein, 1818) (Gruiformes: Rallidae) and an unidentified owl, respectively. In this study, we are recording for the first time R. gallinulae from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State), while R. bisetosus is recorded for the second time to this country (São Paulo State), however from a different specific locality.


The main part of low-frequency noise in bipolar transistors is the 1/f noise. Its important parameters f/sub /spl chi and /spl gamma/ are considered. A method of measurement and extraction for noise parameters f/sub /spl chi and /spl gamma/ is presented. It is based on low-frequency current noise spectra measurement and on applying the weighted least square method. In the measurement system a fast Fourier transform analyzer is used to measure noise power spectra, and a scanning frequency sine signal method is used to measure the transfer function. Highly accurate results are obtained. An example and results are given.<<ETX>>


It has been transferred to an electronic format to allow faster and broader access to important information and data. While the Center makes every effort to maintain a level of quality during the transfer from print to digital format, it is possible that minor formatting and typographical inconsistencies will still exist in this document. Additionally, due to the constraints of the electronic format chosen, page numbering will vary slightly from the original document. The Calumet Eco-Industrial Network Survey Project was conducted to collect baseline information for the purpose of developing an Eco-Industrial Network in the Calumet region of Chicago. Southeast Chicago Development Commission (SCDCom) believes that local companies can utilize the basic principles of material re-use, waste reduction, and energy efficiency within networks of companies. Information gathered from this survey project could be a first step in creating an Eco-Industrial Network (EIN) between local companies in the Calumet region. The survey focused on byproducts—items that are waste to one company but could be used by another. By partnering to exchange byproducts, businesses in the Calumet area could accomplish two important goals: first, they could lower waste disposal costs and become more competitive; second, they could reduce their impact on the natural environment. Lowering business costs and protecting the environment would help ensure the longevity of local businesses, which would in turn provide much needed jobs and a pleasant living environment for local residents in the Calumet area. The Calumet survey project was largely inspired by a survey done by the Triangle J Council of Governments in North Carolina. There were 182 surveys completed in the Triangle J project and 44 surveys completed in the Calumet project. The Calumet survey collected information on what items local companies use and which of those are recycled or reused. Several exchange possibilities were identified but it was not in the scope of this project to pursue those possibilities. The survey also collected information on companies' water and energy use. Additionally, the survey collected information on companies' awareness of the Industrial Materials Exchange Service (IMES), a statewide program headed by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Local companies generally expressed an interest in IMES, as well as the idea of a local network similar to IMES. This byproduct survey was only the first step toward an EIN in the Calumet region. The Triangle J report outlines five elements for creating a local infrastructure: a website, warehouse …


Companies engaged in the transportation sector, especially public transportation in Indonesia, continue to seek ideas and innovations to pamper passengers and also seek to make passengers become subscribers which will provide benefits for the company. Research carried out by researchers is one form of evaluation of the services that have been provided by PT. XYZ to customers, where in this study the factors of customer satisfaction will be the focus point of the study. This study will be divided into 4 categories, namely vehicle factors, price factors, time speed factors and service factors. Where the four factors are factors that can affect customer satisfaction with PT.XYZ. The research method that will be used in this research is a combination of data sampling and descriptive analysis, so that this research can generate feedback from customers of PT.XYZ and also become the best service strategy to face the challenges of competitors who are increasingly competing


The paper presents the results of a study of the types of tolerance in correlation with the features of intercultural adaptation of the international students from different parts of the world. A total of 329 respondents took part in the research, including 175 young men and 154 women from five parts of the world: Latin America, Asia, the Arab Countries, Africa, and the Central Asian region. All the respondents were the first, second and third year students of the various departments of a multinational university.The level of tolerance was measured with the help of the express-questionnaire "The Index of Tolerance" by G.U.Soldatova, O.A.Kravtsova, O.Ye.Khukhlaev, L.A.Shajgerova. The Questionnaire of the adaptation of a person to the new socio-cultural environment (APSCE) by L.V.Yankovsky, in T.G.Stefanenko and M.S.Panov's modified version, was used to define the features of intercultural adaptation of the international students. Using the factor and cluster analysis, we identified four types of tolerance among the international students: "Real tolerant", "Tolerant in ethnic relations", "Tolerant in social communications", "Intolerant" students. The types of tolerance are related to the features of intercultural adaptation of the international students. The most significant difference is between the intercultural adaptation indicators of the "real tolerant" students and the students tolerant in social communication. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p625


Abstract The dispersion and UV‐VIS properties of nano‐SiO2, nano‐TiO2, and nano‐ZnO particles in solvent‐based acrylic or polyester based polyurethane coatings and water‐borne acrylic latex coatings studied in our laboratory are reviewed. The dispersion of nanoparticles depends on the type of nanoparticle, coating system, mixing method, dispersant and so on. It is possible that most, but not all, of the nanoparticles from powder studied here can be dispersed in nanoscale level (<100 nm), however, the nanoparticles from the sol can be dispersed in nanoscale level completely. The UV‐VIS property of nanocomposite coatings mainly depends on the inherent property of nanoparticles as well as their dispersion. An increment of UV‐shielding property of the coating was observed after nanoparticles embedded. Among all the nanoparticles studied in this paper, nano‐ZnO particles show the best UV‐shielding property for coatings. However, it seems that good UV‐shielding property of nanocomposite coatings meanwhile usually means the reduction of the transparency of the coatings for the application of nanopowder.


Let F be a eld and f(x) 2 F [x] an irreducible polynomial of degree four. An important problem in computational algebra is to determine the Galois group of f(x) as a transitive subgroup of S4 (the symmetric group on four letters). In the case where F is the set of rational numbers, several methods appear in the literature, most of which rely on factoring the cubic resolvent as well as several other polynomials. We place this approach in the context of absolute resolvents and extend it by introducing a single degree twelve resolvent polynomial construction, the degrees of whose irreducible factors completely determine the Galois group of f(x) over F . We also o↵er another approach, which does not rely on factoring resolvent polynomials of degree greater than two, but rather considers the discriminant of f(x) along with the sub elds and the size of the automorphism group of F [x]=(f(x)). We show that this alternative method is particularly e↵ective in the case where F is a nite extension of the p-adic


Many scientists apply fully dynamic bin packing problem solving for resource allocation of virtual machines in cloud environments. The goal of problem-solving is to reduce the number of allocated hosts (bins) and virtual machines (items) migration rates for reducing energy consumption. This study demonstrates a greedy futuristic algorithm (proposed algorithm) for fully dynamic bin packaging with an average asymptotic approximation ratio of 1.231, better than other existing algorithms. The proposed algorithm identifies inappropriate local selections using special futuristic conditions to prevent them as much as possible. Eventually, suitable choices determine and discard the improper ones. The proposed algorithm illustrates an asymptotic approximation ratio of (t/ (t-1)) OPT, where the value of t depends on the distribution of the arrived and departed items. Also, OPT is the number of bins by an optimal solution. Finally, in experiments of datasets using a maximum utilization of 80% of each bin, the average migration rate is 0.338. Using the proposed method for allocating resources in the cloud environment can allocate hosts to a virtual machine using almost optimal use. This allocation can reduce the cost of maintaining and purchasing hosts. Also, this method can reduce the migration rate of virtual machines. As a result, decreasing migration improves the energy consumption cost in the cloud environment.


ABSTRACT Single-molecule tracking algorithms and analyses that use particle trajectory information rely on the accurate determination of particle positions to produce a meaningful interpretation of molecular dynamics. However, artifacts arising from vibration can sometimes distort or entirely mask the processes being studied. Here we describe a straightforward implementation of the Lucas-Kanade stabilization algorithm that can remove the impact of instrument-related vibrations on molecular diffusion measurements after a data set has been collected. Using fluorescently derivatized αHL on supported lipid bilayers in conjunction with computer simulations of 2D diffusion, we report that post-hoc stabilization can be effective in removing both simple and complex noise sources. The effectiveness of vibration mitigation is a function of the relationship between the vibration amplitude and the magnitude of the diffusion constant. For diffusion constants in the range of typical membrane proteins (e.g., 10−9 to 10−7 cm2s−1), vibrations that produce errors in excess of 100% can be reduced to producing errors less than 5%. The algorithm is effective even when the relative magnitude of the vibration is high and can be especially useful in experiments where vibrations cannot be entirely removed by experimental means alone. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Spectroscopy Letters for the following free supplemental resources: Video content illustrating single–molecule tracking capability, output from the single–molecule simulator, and the impact of post-hoc vibration stabilization.


Aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus requires coordinated expression of regulatory and structural genes. Aflatoxin production is optimum at 24-30°C and inhibition occurs at temperature higher than 35°C. Chaperones or heat-sock proteins are involved in processing of cellular protein and heat-stress induced protein, hence, we studied the genes encoding for heat-shock proteins under the influence of temperature (30°C vs. 37°C). A. flavus isolates, aflatoxigenic (MTCC9367) and atoxigenic (MTCC11580) were grown in glucose minimal salt broth for 24 hours for expression profile of selected genes using quantitative real-time PCR. We monitored the expression profile of genes encoding for heat-shock proteins ( hsp98, hsp90 , hsp70 and hsp60 ) and regulatory gene of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway aflR . We found the similar trend for heat-shock proteins gene expression except hsp70 in aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic isolates of A. flavus . Expression for hsp70 was found to be upregulated at 30°C (vs 37°C)in atox igenic isolate ( P<0.001) of A. flavus in


Objective To evaluate the principle and method of surgical management of acute intestin obstruction caused by colorectal cancer.Methods Data of 86 above cases in our hospital from 2004 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.With a review of recent domestic and foreign literatures,surgical management about these patients was comprehensively evaluated.Result Primary resection and anastomosis were performed in 30 cases with right colon carcinoma.Of other 56 cases,38 with left colon carcinoma received primary resection and anastomosis,4 Miles'operation,2 Hartmann operation,1 colostomy,1 colostomy and by-pass oparation.12 patients experienced postoperative complications(14.3%),including lung infection in 5 patients,wound infection in 2,peritoneal cavity infection in 2 and disruption of wound in 2,anastomotic leakage in 1,all patients were cured by active treatmen.2 cases were dead and the mortality rate was 8.3%,The rest of patients were healed.Conclusion The management of acute colon obstruction caused by colorectal cancer depends ongeneral condition of the patient and local manifestation of the cancer.If only an indication is appropriate,the single-stage resection and anastomosis may be safe and suitable.


The objectives of this work included determining the amount of aspartame and acesulfame-K required to replace the commonly used sugar and verifying their synergistic effects when used jointly determining if hydrolysis of the lactose present in whey can further reduce the amount of the sweetener added; and determining if ac-K and apm are affected by heat treatment at the low pH of the whey beverage


Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary are rare tumors characterized by their heterogeneity and occurring mostly in young women. Dysgerminoma is the most common type of these tumors. This was a retrospective study of 31 patients with pure dysgerminoma of the ovary diagnosed in Salah Azaiez institute of Tunis in Tunisia between 1970 and 2012.The median age was 22 years old. Abdominal pain was the most complaint in 45.1% of cases. An abdomino-pelvic mass was found in 83.8% of cases. Surgery was performed in all patients. The median tumoral size was 13.7 cm. Sixty four-point five percent of the patients underwent a conservative surgery. The tumor was classified stage I in 51.6% of the cases, stage II in 9.7% of the cases, stage III in 35.5% of the cases and stage IV in 3.2% of the cases. Fourteen patients received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and 10 patients had a radiotherapy. We have noticed 2 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis. Five-year and ten-year overall survival was 89.4%. Five-year disease free survival was 85.2% and ten-year disease free survival was 66.3%. Dysgerminomas of the ovary have a good prognosis. The two significant prognostic factors are the stage and the postoperative residual disease.


High-resolution seismic images of the crust and mantle beneath regions of complex surface geological structures are necessary to gain insights on the underlying geodynamical processes. One such region embodying various plate boundary motions and intraplate deformations is the Middle East, and consequently the region is prone to significant seismic activity. Hence a tomographic investigation using a more recent and reliable data set is vital in understanding the ongoing complicated deformation process driven by the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates. The purpose of our study is to retrieve a detailed  model of the crust and mantle beneath the Middle Eastern region using teleseismic P arrival times from the ISC-EHB bulletin (Engdahl et al., 1998).

Starting with AK135 as the reference model we invert for tomographic models of compressional wavespeed perturbations down to lower mantle depths in an area bounded by longitudes 22E–66E and latitudes 8N–48N.  The data set used in this study consists of regionally observed P-phase arrival times from over 1000 global events from 1996–2016 culminating in a larger dataset than other similar studies. Selection of a reliable data, ray tracing, preconditioning and inversion steps are carried out using the BD-soft software suite (https://www.geoazur.fr/GLOBALSEIS/Soft.html).

Preliminary inversion results are consistent with the previous regional tomographic studies. In checkerboard tests, cell sizes as low as ∼ 2.8° × 2.8° ( ∼ 240 × 240 km at surface) are generally well recovered down to a 1000 km depth beneath the Anatolian plateau where we currently have the densest coverage. Additionally the Caucasus region and northern parts of the Iranian plateau shows good recovery of ±4% Vp perturbation amplitudes at depths ∼ 70 – 135 km. There is fair recovery for a minimum cell size of ∼ 2.8° × 2.8° beneath the Iranian Plateau, Zagros mountain region, Persian gulf, and northeast Iraq, along with quite good recovery of cell amplitudes towards the Anatolian-Caucasus region at depth ranges 380 – 430 km, 650 – 700 km, and around 950 km. Tomographic inversions unveil a low P velocity zone stretching from the Afar region to Sinai Peninsula consistent with S wave velocity observations of a similar feature by Chang and van der Lee 2011.

We are able to further improve coverage especially down to lithospheric depths within the Arabian peninsula using first arrival times measured from waveform data collected from regional networks. Addition of first arrival time delays from waveforms highlights a prominent low velocity in the tomographic inversions beneath the volcanic fields of western Saudi Arabia. Our ultimate goal is to perform full-waveform inversion of the region constrained by the constructed P-wave model.


The public sector usually disposes of many financial tools to
support the non-profit sector. In the Czech Republic public
funding of non-profit organizations is carried out in two ways:
directly where money flows from the public budget to nonprofit
organizations, and indirectly where running of an enterprise is
facilitated indirectly or where philanthropic behaviour of
individuals and enterprises towards non-profit organizations is
made tax advantageous. The main goal of the contribution is
find out advantage and disadvantage of these approaches in
application and practical level. Our answers will be based on
the content analysis of the Czech legislative and theoretical
configuration of the Czech tax and endowment system and
statistic analysis of tax relief and public subsidies data.


Image Denoising nowadays is a great Challenge in the field of image processing. Since Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is one of the powerful and perspective approaches in the area of image de noising. But fixing an optimal threshold is the key factor to determine the performance of denoising algorithm using (DWT). The optimal threshold can be estimated from the image statistics for getting better performance of denoising in terms of clarity or quality of the images. In this paper we analyzed various methods of denoising from the sonar image by using various thresholding methods (Vishnu Shrink, Bayes Shrink and Neigh Shrink) experimentally and compare the result in terms of various image quality parameters. (PSNR,MSE,SSIM and Entropy). The results of the proposed method show that there is an improvenment in the visual quality of sonar images by suppressing the speckle noise and retaining edge details.


The aim of present research is determining the relation between mental and moral health and performance of Refah –e- kargaran Bank Employees in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province. Methodology: The current research enjoys a descriptive-correlative design. The subjects are chosen among employees of Refah –e- kargaran Bank Employees.The population of the study consisted of all employees of Refah –e- kargaran Bank in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province which includes 111 employees that total of 75 persons were selected as the subjects of the study. In this research, questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The validity of its content was ensured by using the expert viewpoints and consensus. The internal reliability of the items was verified by computing the Cronbach's alpha. Cronbach's alpha values was obtained for Performance questionnaire 0.767 and for public health questionnaire 0.835. For analyzing data is used descriptive and inferential statistics by using the SPSS software. In order to function estimation from linear regression and to evaluate the correlation between research variables was used Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Research findings are as follows: (1): There is a significant relation between mental health and Performance of Employees; (2): There is a significant relation between moral health and Performance of Bank Employees. Conclusion: managers of bank should be creating conditions and opportunities that each of your employees to can develop their abilities and talents.


In the arena of focal therapy for prostate cancer, standardization of management will be a key component of quality data going forward, says Scott Eggener, MD.


Along with the transition to the market economy, the phenomenon of unemployment has become more and more present in the Romanian society; in the Oneoti Depression there are localities that present an alarming high level of this scourge. It is the result of restructuring local industries, especially the important units from Borzeoti Platform, the entry into bankruptcy of some traditional factories from the region, and subsequently the decrease of activities in sectors such as woodworking, textile, which have employed some of the dismissed resulted from the first stages of dismissals. The most important number of unemployed is in towns and among the villages, in Oituz; these are settlements with the highest workforce contingent. By the level of education, over 80% of the unemployed have primary education, 15% secondary education; those who graduated from university worry less about getting unemployed. Of the total number of unemployed, most are compensated.


This report provides a guidebook with a decision-making process for airport management to use in justifying airport planning and funding decisions (operations and maintenance (O&M) and capital) related to supporting irregular operations (IROPS) contingency planning. This decision-making process includes the principal stakeholders involved: airports, airlines, and agencies and considers the differences in airport characteristics (e.g., geographic location, use and lease agreements). Factors considered include the projected frequency of IROPS events, impacts on the airport and its stakeholders, and effectiveness of the proposed mitigation alternatives. Each potential investment is evaluated in terms of strategic challenges, user benefits, and tactical complexity. The research presents a structured approach to quantifying the lifecycle economic value of proposed IROPS mitigation alternatives through a spreadsheet-based business-planning and decision support tool. The tool is entitled the IROPS Investment Support Tool (IRIS) and is included with the print version of the report in CD-ROM format (CRP-CD-144). The CD-ROM is also available for download from the Transportation Research Board's website as an ISO image.


Between 130–150 millions people in the Glob have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A significant number of those who are chronically infected will develop liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. Approximately 700 000 people die each year from hepatitis C-related liver diseases.1 Unfortunately, Egypt has the largest epidemic of HCV in the world according to the released Egyptian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) and the overall prevalence (percentage of people) positive for antibody to HCV in Egypt was 14.7%.2–4 The current population in Egypt is about 100 millions, thus ≈14.7 millions of persons who have been infected with this virus. Gilead Sciences overcome most common related liver diseases by its Great invention (Harvoni). Harvoni (90mg ledipasvir/400mg Sofosbuvir) initially approved by United States FDA in 2014 and expanded indications are approved by FDA in 2015. It is indicated for the treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1, 4, 5, and 6 in adults and also indicated for the treatment of chronic HCV in patients co-infected with Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV).4 SOF is chemically known as (S)-Isopropyl 2-((S)-(2R,3R,4R,5R)5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy4-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl) methoxy)-(phenoxy)phosphoryl amino) propanoate. It has a molecular formula of C22H29FN3O9P and a molecular weight of 529.45 (Figure 1). It is a white to off-white powder with a solubility of ≥2mg/mL across the pH range of 2-7.7 at 37°C. The partition coefficient (log P) for Sofosbuvir is 1.62 and the pKa is 9.3.5


The growth in the capacity of enterprises for hot-dip galvanizing of steel products has led to the formation of large volumes of waste, which accumulate and store, occupying large areas. Further use and processing of ash is constrained by the increased content of Pb, Fe, Cu and other impurities in it, as well as the lack of rational processing technology. In this work, based on the thermodynamic analysis of the reactions of interaction of impurity metals with chlorinating reagents (CaCl2, NH4Cl), the possibility of obtaining pure zinc in the process of melting the metal component of the ash is shown. It has been established that the values of the Gibbs free energy (∆G°T) of the reactions of interaction of metal-impurities with ammonium chloride in the temperature range 400...550°С are four times higher than the values of ∆G°T of the reactions of interaction of metal-impurities with calcium chloride. It is shown that the use of NH4Cl as a chlorinating reagent destroys the zinc oxide film covering the surface of small drops of metallic zinc and creates favorable conditions for their enlargement. This increases the yield of zinc to the liquid metal. The influence of the consumption of CaCl2 and NH4Cl on the sublimation of lead and iron from a metallic liquid bath of zinc in the form of chlorides has been studied. It was found that when the metal component is melted together with a consumption of 2% NH4Cl based on the weight of the initial sample, the minimum content of lead and iron in liquid zinc is achieved: 0.06% Pb and 0.01% Fe. The optimal technological parameters for melting the metal component of the ash together with NH4Cl were determined: temperature of experiments 450°С; melting time 60 min; consumption of NH4Cl - 2.0% of the weight of the original sample.


This disclosure describes an efficient architecture for an imaging device to support video coding image registration and video sequences of still images. For image registration, wherein architecture uses block-based comparisons of image blocks of the captured image to blocks of another reference image to support image registration by the reference of each block. For video coding, wherein the architecture, for example, to aid in motion estimation and motion compensation, using a block-based comparisons. According to this disclosure, a common block comparison engine is used on a shared basis for both video coding based on image registration and block-based block. Thus, a hardware unit designed for block-based comparisons may be implemented to work in both the video coding process for coding the image registration process and the video sequence of still images.


This study analyzes the templates of reformulation that take shape around economic terminology and declarations on economic discourse, and which are intended to explain such discourse and called 'meta-linguistic and meta-enunciative escorts'. Our examples are taken from the 'popular economics' of journalistic discourse, and specifically from 'L'Expansion' and Le Monde de l'economie', which are representative of an economic discourse aimed at the non-specialist or general reader in France. Our study deals with the linguistic traces and functionings deriving from the process of reformulation, as well as their discursive functions, especially didactic, to the extent such traces manifest a clear intention on the part of the journalist to provide the reader with 'aids for understanding', and which within the discourses of the economic media indicate an explicit pedagogic intention. These issues appear as especially relevant in the context of the current international financial crisis, an examination of the early phases of which is included in our study. In fact, the present crisis has led to a veritable 'spike' in reformulation and, with its incomprehensible jargon consisting primarily of terms borrowed from English, has sorely tested economic journalists in their efforts to explain the current economic situation. The analysis of the linguistic forms of reformulation, which are structured according to three structural types of the reformulated term - or enunciation - and its reformulation or the explicative fragment (and which determines the degree of didactic intention in the discourse), reveals a global economic discourse which is more didactic in form than in substance.


Samples of Vitallium (a cobalt-chromium alloy), 316L stainless steel, and titanium T318 were subjected to the boiling magnesium chloride test so that their susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking could be determined, and their behaviour under service conditions was then assessed. Stress-corrosion cracking was confined to the stainless-steel samples, while gross pitting was detected in the samples of forged Vitallium. It was concluded that the use of stainless steel should be avoided for long-term surgical implants. Surface imperfections on the stainless steel are generally the cause of pitting, from which stress-corrosion cracks are sometimes propagated.


It is well-recognized that there is a disparity in health care resources and availability in low- and middle-income countries, often due to a combination of poverty, lack of clean water, inadequate nutrition, and political conflict. Yet it seems less attention is given to challenges specific to the provision of medical education in such developing nations. Besides war, famine, drought, and the AIDS epidemic, eastern African nations carry a heavy burden of neurologic disease1 and insufficient infectious disease programs,2 coupled with a paucity of subspecialty-trained providers. Over the past decade, there has been increasing concern over the so-called "brain drain"—the ongoing relocation of African doctors to more profitable parts of the world,3 presumably due to the challenges inherent to practicing in resource-limited settings. This is exemplified by the estimated 0.03 neurologists per 100,000 people in low-income African countries (compared to 1 to 10 per 100,000 in Western countries), and further by the lack of neurologists in all of sub-Saharan Africa.4 Similar estimates in sub-Saharan Africa suggest that there is only 1 neurosurgeon for every 4,000,000 people, with dedicated neurologic and neurosurgical services available in only a few private centers—institutions that are financially inaccessible to 90% of the population due to the nonexistence of health insurance systems.5


Charcoal rot of sesame (Sesamum indicum) incited by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is an economically important disease in India and worldwide. Seed and soil borne nature, non-specific, wide host range of pathogen, difficult to manage with fungicides and absence of complete genetic resistance impelled to biochemical defence analysis against this pathogen. Treatment with non-conventional chemicals induces defence against pathogen in the form biochemical changes in plant. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to know the impact of non-conventional chemicals on changes in defence biochemical parameters in plant. As the concentration of different non conventional chemicals increased from 50, 100 and 200 ppm there was reduction in incidence of charcoal rot disease. Maximum induction of resistance was recorded by the application of salicylic acid at 200 ppm concentration after challenge inoculation with M. phaseolina followed by indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, acetyl salicylic acid, riboflavin and thiamine. The activity of total phenols and sugar content was reached at peak after six days of challenge inoculation with the pathogen and subsequently activity of these parameters slightly declined after six days of inoculation in all tested non-conventional chemicals. At each concentration, SA showed maximum induction of total phenol and total sugar followed by IAA, IBA, ASA, thiamine and riboflavin. However, sesame variety HT 2 showed higher induction of biochemical activities and lower disease incidence of charcoal rot as compared to HT 1.


Introduction Our course examines the development and role of late 20 and early 21 century financial technologies in modern market crises, and with the goal of developing a research agenda capable of analyzing 21 century finance capitalism. A rigorous approach to doing so requires two steps: First, an in-depth look at (a) the manner in which debt is produced, structured, marketed, circulated, and consumed by way of bond instruments, securitization, and various structured financial products, (b) the role of derivatives markets (OTC, clearing-housed, and exchangetraded) therein, and (c) their role, if any, in the 2007-2008 financial crisis and its recent aftermath. Secondly, the course will begin to theorize our aforementioned objects of analysis, and pose the question of how a materialist theory of finance capitalism might go about critically analyzing the structure of our capital, credit, and money markets. This course will culminate in a 15 page research paper on a topic of the student's choosing.


Memory is replayed and consolidated under low background noise during deep sleep Memories of recent experiences are transferred and fixed in long-term storage in the neocortex during sleep. A key aspect of this process is the occurrence of ripples, which are high-frequency oscillations in neuronal activity in the hippocampus (1, 2). Ensembles of hippocampal neurons that have been activated during an experience emit synchronized neuronal activity (spikes) during ripples in subsequent sleep (3). These "replayed" memories propagate to the neocortex during slow-wave states (4), which are characterized by alternating "bright" states with active neurons and "dark" states, called delta waves, without active neurons (5). Researchers reasoned that hippocampal-cortical dialogue occurs during the bright states and that delta waves represent intermittent neocortical "sleep" to recover from synaptic fatigue (6) or increased potassium conductance (7) and have no active function. On page 377 of this issue, Todorova and Zugaro (8) challenge this view, demonstrating that a small number of neurons are reactivated during delta waves.


The need to study the temperature dependence of phase difference between optical signals in information transmission channels for direction finder stations is justified. The method is proposed how to determine the phase difference. The experimental results are presented for different cases of temperature change influence on optoelectronic path of direction finder.


The development of the internet is one of the factors causing the information explosion. Websites and blogs previously only used to convey information have now evolved into media used to produce information. As a result, currently circulating information tends to be accessible without validation and legitimacy from a credible group. One thing that is in the spotlight is the news content. The existence of a person's freedom to produce news without the need for validation before publication makes the validity of the news content questionable and tends to lead to fake news content. Fake news content can be hazardous because of its nature which can affect the perception of its readers and can even cause divisions between individuals and groups. Awareness of fake news material must be strongly established to prevent harm and reduce losses caused by fake news content. System support is also needed as a form of verification of the level of validity of news. Therefore, this study experimented with detecting fake news content using a machine learning model, especially in Indonesian online media. The experiment in this study was conducted using the "Indonesian Hoax News Detection Dataset," N-Gram Model, and Term Frequent-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) as a process for feature extraction and the Naïve Bayes algorithm as a model for detecting fake news content. As a result, the best performance was obtained using the Trigram model for feature extraction with an accuracy value of 71.00%, a precision value of 74%, a recall value of 92.8%, and an F1-score value of 80.00%. With these results, it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference in developing various models to detect fake news content, especially in Indonesian language online media


This paper presents an algorithm that aids the controls engineer in specifying a sensor and actuator configuration for regulation of large-scale, linear, stochastic systems such as a large space structure model. The algorithm uses a linear quadratic Gaussian controller, an efficient weight-selection technique based on successive approximation, and a measure of sensor and actuator effectiveness to specify a final sensor and actuator configuration. This configuration enables the closed-loop system to meet output specifications with minimal input power. The algorithm involves no complex gradient calculations and is numerically tractable for large linear models, as demonstrated by the solar optical telescope example in this paper. Additionally, the algorithm provides the controls engineer with information on the important design issues of actuator sizing, reliability, redundancy, and optimal number. HE advent of the Space Shuttle makes the large space structure (LSS) an imminent reality. These future space structures will be measured in kilometers and, of necessity, will be lightweight and highly flexible (light damping). Standard LSS missions will include power generation, surveillance, astronomy, and communications. These missions will require stringent pointing accuracy, shape control, and vibration suppression. To satisfy these demanding mission requirements, the LSS will almost certainly require an active, regulator-type controller with multiple sensors and actuators located throughout the structure.i-6 Furthermore, given the size of an LSS, there will be a large set of admissible sensor and actuator locations. The controls engineer then faces the problem of selecting a limited number of sensor and actuator locations to "best achieve" the LSS mission. The term "best achieve" in this paper means achieving the LSS output specifications with minimal actuator power. The solution to this sensor and actuator selection (SAS) problem needs at least the following ingredients: 1) A specific closed-loop control law structure; 2) a technique for systematically adjusting (tuning) control law parameters to achieve output specifications with minimal power; and 3) a technique to evaluate the effectiveness of possible sensor and actuator configurations in achieving output specifications with minimal power. This paper incorporates the preceding ingredients into an algorithm that solves the SAS problem for an LSS modeled as a linear stochastic system. Some necessary background information on linear stochastic systems and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control theory are presented in Sec. II along with a formal statement of the SAS problem. Section III contains two important selection theorems, four pertinent facts, and the general flow of the SAS algorithm. Results from the SAS algorithm applied to the controller design for a large space telescope are presented in Sec. IV, and Sec. V contains concluding remarks.


Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films were produced by the co-evaporation of Cu, Sn, and cracked sulfur, followed by annealing. The as-deposited films were then annealed at 570 °C for 5 min in the presence of 100 mg of sulfur lumps in a rapid thermal processing furnace filled with N2 gas at atmospheric pressure. Solar cells were then fabricated using the CTS films as absorber layers, and their efficiency was evaluated for different Cu/Sn compositional ratios. The largest grain size was found for films with a slightly Sn-rich composition. The highest performance was obtained for solar cells containing a CTS thin film with a Cu/Sn ratio of about 1.9. A cell with a Cu/Sn ratio of 1.87 exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 258 mV, a short-circuit current density of 35.6 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.467, and a power conversion efficiency of 4.29%.


On the time being there are reinforced regulations related to the diesel engines exhaust gas harmful substances to atmosphere [1]. These regulations do not extend to the boiler plants, having steam capacity and fuel consumption exceeding total daily fuel consumption of main and auxiliary engines summarized, installed on same vessel. Main idea of article is to analyze fuel oil consumption of the steam boiler plants and possibility of harmful substance concentration reduction by change of excess air coefficient.


Inflammation is a common factor in all pathologies, except normal pregnancy which is not a disease. The inflammation concept associated to immune system has been complemented by cells and inner secreted molecules interaction as coagulation and tissue regeneration process, a complex cross-talk is integrated. Inflammatory response must be limited, it is not only as proinflammatory mediators' production stops and disappears, anti-inflammatory molecules release is involved too. Unresolved inflammatory process participates in early steps of disorders development. This extraordinary and strictly regulated cellular mechanism is described in an easy manner, the inflammatory types known at the moment, various cells and molecules implicated, how their communication and interactions occur, as well as inflammatory mediators' measurement by laboratory.


The clinical usefulness of methylglyoxal‐bis(guanylhydrazone) (CH3‐G) as an antileukemic agent is reduced by its substantial toxicity. Of more than 200 analogues of CH3‐G tested, none showed significant antileukemic effects in mice. Two aromatic bisguanylhydrazones with borderline activity had marked effects against leukemia L1210 in DBA/2 Ha mice when given in combination with hydroxystilbamidine. Since the diamidine had only borderline activity when given alone, this represents an unusual example of synergism in cancer chemotherapy. A new drug, 4,4′‐diacetyl‐diphenyl‐urea‐bis(guanylhydrazone) (DDUG) showed marked activity against L1210: many of DBA/2 Ha mice survived. On a molar basis the LD50′s of DDUG and CH3‐G were comparable. Similar antileukemic effects were obtained with doses of DDUG 15‐to‐20‐fold smaller than doses of CH3‐G. No cross‐resistance was apparent between DDUG and CH3‐G. Because of its potency and its highly favorable therapeutic index, DDUG deserves clinical trial.


Lentinus tigrinus, a basidiomyceteous fungus, is known to be nutritious and exhibits biological activities. The mycelial growth performance of L. tigrinus on selected cucurbit-based solid and liquid media, the ability to scavenge 2,2'diphenyl-11picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, and the phenolic content of ethanolic extract of mycelia were investigated. Squash decoction gulaman (local crude agar) recorded the widest mycelial diameter (71.99 mm) regardless of the amount. However, 500 g/L of all cucurbit species registered the widest colony diameter of 73.35 mm. In liquid culture, both squash decoction and luffa decoction showed the highest mycelial biomass (0.09 g dry wt.). The highest mycelial biomass (0.14 g dry wt.) was noted at 500 g/L of all broth media. Extract of mycelia grown in winter melon decoction showed the highest scavenging activity (51.56%) and phenolic content (25.04 mg GAE/g sample). Therefore, decoction of the cucurbit fruits could be used as main ingredient of culture media for efficient production of mycelial biomass and improvement of antioxidant properties of L. tigrinus.


An 85-year-old man, who had undergone endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 8½ years earlier, was transferred to the emergency department with chest pain and transient loss of consciousness. Computed tomography revealed a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with a stent graft inside. His aneurysm was 62 mm in diameter at the endovascular repair, but 45 mm at the rupture site. He was rescued by emergency aneurysmectomy.


Disclosed is a method for accessing a network site. The method comprises: determining an access restriction of a target site; and when a current IP triggers the access restriction, scheduling an agent IP to access the target site. According to the invention, through an intelligent agent strategy, the problem of incapability of accessing a target site when an IP is restricted can be effectively solved.


We analyzed 33 million residential Smart Meter 15-minute period records for electricity consumption and photovoltaic electricity generation from low voltage (LV) feeders with various photovoltaic (PV) penetration levels. In turn we modeled a range of higher PV penetration scenarios and assessed the effect on the LV network. On the one hand, we showed how on-load tap changers (OLTCs), reactive power controlled inverters, or energy storage units can be introduced to handle the situation. On the other hand, we found that active power losses, while decreasing in modest PV penetration scenarios, increased markedly beyond the PV-free scenario at PV penetration levels that do not yet experience overvoltage problems and are in full compliance with stipulated grid code conditions. We thus argue that active power loss might be a significant aspect to be considered when PV penetration targets are formulated.


This paper mainly expounds the connotation and extension of morality and moral cultivation, clarifies the significance of moral cultivation, and constructs the "threedimensional coverage" static content model of moral cultivation from three aspects: framework formation at macro level, structure grasp at medium level and node setting at micro level. Emphasis is placed on the integrity and operability of the implementation process of the concept of "strengthening moral education and cultivating people", aiming at arousing the concern of the effectiveness and long-term effectiveness of moral education in the field of moral education with the holistic view of moral cultivation. Keywords—moral cultivation; content system; construction


The mechanisms underpinning replication of genomic DNA in Archaea have recently been challenged. Species belonging to two different taxonomic orders grow well in the absence of an origin of replication, challenging the role of the replication origin in these organisms. Here, we pursue the investigation of the particular way some archaea manage their DNA replication with Thermococcus barophilus and the role of Ori in this Archaea. Surprisingly we discovered that T. barophilus uses its Ori all along the growth curve with marked increase at the end of exponential phase. Through gene deletion, we show that Ori utilization requires Cdc6, and that origin deletion results in increased time in lag phase and a moderate decrease of growth rate in mutants. The number of chromosomes are quite similar between both strains during exponential and early stationary phases but differs after 24h of growth where ΔTbOriC has only 6 chromosomes/cell compared to 10 for the reference strain (WT). Following 1hr of growth in fresh media, ΔTbOriC strains contains 3 chromosome copies/cell, whereas the WT contains only 1. We hypothesize that the T. barophilus might degrade DNA to obtain energy to start replication and cell division, whereas the ΔTbOriC must maintain more chromosomal copies in order to initiate DNA replication in the absence of an origin or replication. Finally, we analyzed the role of Ori at temperatures above or below the optimal temperature, revealing that Ori is important to start growth at those temperatures, suggesting that replication origins may be involved in stress response.


Patent practitioners must navigate a complex set of overlapping, and sometimes inconsistent, rules of professional responsibility that govern their conduct. Violation of these rules can lead to severe and costly consequences for them and for their clients. In PATENT ETHICS: PROSECUTION, David Hricik and Mercedes Meyers provide excellent guidance in identifying and avoiding these ethical pitfalls, in a manner that is comprehensive, up-to-date and practical, filling an important niche that to my knowledge is not addressed in any other book. It also provides practical advice on best practices, along with exemplary language for use in reputation with clients and potential clients, and should be a welcome addition to the bookshelf of any patent prosecutors.


: Objective: The manifestations of the skin are very frequent medical aspects among the patients of HIV. The objective of this research work was to record the manifestations of the skin and their associations with the amount glycoprotein on the surface of helper T cells known as CD4 among patients of HIV in Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methodology: Skin specialist checked the abnormalities of the skin in the patients and counts of CD4 were gotten from the record of the patient. T test was in use for the analysis of the collected information. Results: In this research work, sixty-six patients were present with at least one abnormality of the skin. Infections by fungi were the most frequent reason of these diseases. There were eight most frequent types of abnormality of mucocutaneous were available. Inflammation of the gums is the most common manifestation. The average count of the CD4 cell was less in the patients found with skin diseases due to viruses and bacteria. Conclusion: The outcome of this research work showed that the complications of the skin were very common in the patients suffering with HIV. Patients with severe conditions of the skin abnormalities were available with lower amount of the CD4 cells. So, the check-ups of the skin of the patients of HIV should be carried out for the early diagnosis of the skin complications. The early discovery and the administration of the skin problems will promote the QOL (quality of life) of the patients suffering of HIV.