common interest in marginalizing Poland and effacing or distorting its role in several of the war's most politically embarrassing issues. The OWI, of course, left behind a considerable paper trail, and Biskupski makes good use of it to show how and why Poland needed to be set apart from the rest of the allied nations. Russia was the real problem, of course. What Washington did not want was another separate peace, as happened in 1917 – not to mention a Soviet military collapse or German victory. The administration felt that Stalin needed to be coddled, and one of the easiest ways of accommodating him was to throw Poland under the bus. This explains why, in a government-produced documentary like Frank Capra's The Nazis Strike (1943), the Soviet role in the 1939 invasion and dismemberment of Poland was described as simply the establishment of a defensive position. In Hollywood, John Howard Lawson, Lester Cole, Howard Koch, Paul Jarrico, Lillian Hellman and others working on the scripts of these films had their own reasons for delegitimizing the Polish government (Biskupski finds some of the evidence in Jay Leyda's correspondence files). Of course, they took similar positions regarding Finland or the Baltic states, whose stories are also missing from Hollywood's version of the War. But Poland was a special problem, particularly after revelation of the Katyn massacre threatened to affect popular support for the Soviet Union. While laying out this sorry story Biskupski does his best to hold his temper, quite a feat given the weight of the evidence. He finds plenty of villains, but ultimately lays most of the blame on Communists, fellow travelers, and generic "leftists". So, if the salacious pre-war feature The Wedding Night (1935) pictures Polish-American tobacco farmers as degenerate hillbillies, the fault must lie with director King Vidor, because he is identified in an FBI report as a Communist flunky and fellow traveler. Could this be the same Vidor who joined with Cecil B. De Mille, John Wayne and Ayn Rand in the right-wing Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals? The director of The Fountainhead? Biskupski probably knows that Compic reports always need to be taken with a large grain of salt, but an aspersion like this seems to have been too good to pass up, whatever the complexities of Vidor's actual politics. On the other hand, Ayn Rand herself is only referred to, somewhat disingenuously, as a "Russian émigré" troubled by the positive image of Russians in North Star and Song of Russia. One of the most important players in this carnival (and not simply for her role as an FBI informant), she deserves better coverage here. It would be nice to think that only Communists could be behind such nasty slurs, evasions, and half-truths. Unfortunately, a post-war character like Stanley Kowalski can't be blamed on either the Party or the OWI. Biskupski forcefully demonstrates just how it was that even in the role of Nazi victim and American ally, Poland was still more likely to serve as a punching bag. The war effort may have exacerbated the situation – especially when State Department policy began to weigh in – but the ground was already fertile, and would remain so well into the Cold War.


Jeong J.-H.1, Kim J.E.2, Woo Y.-J.3, Jeong K.-H.1, Muhammad H.R.1, Ahn C.-H.2, Lee D.Y.4, Byun Y.1,3 1Seoul National University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Seoul National University, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Seoul National University, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Hanyang University, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Seoul, Korea, Republic of


Latin Currency Alliance had broad effect on financial field of capitalism in 19th century.But the LCA didn't make common rules on circulating currency and the gold store which is essential for ensuring the stability of the system and control the distribution of the credit money.Latin Currency Alliance had no any kind of the currency cooperation system beside the appearance,size and weight of the money.This caused the frequent crisis of the LCA.it was dismissed in 1926 finally due to the involvement of the World WarⅠ.


Providing a differential amplifier input stage of the cycle by a tail current transistor low power low noise input bias current compensation. Adjusting the local amplifier tail current and base current buffer tail current transistor, the transistor is mirrored back to the input to provide an input bias current compensation.


In this work, we analyze the efiects of an inter-stage capacitor located between the power stage input and the driver stage output on the overall e-ciency of a RF CMOS power amplifler and on gate-drain reliability problems. To verify the analyzed efiects, we designed a RF CMOS power amplifler with a center frequency of 1.85- GHz. Class-D ampliflers with a feedback resistor are used as driver stages, and a class-E amplifler is used as the power stage. A distributed active transformer is adapted for use in the output power combiner for high e-ciency. The inter-stage capacitor between driver and the power stage is removed to enhance the switching operation of the power stage. By eliminating the inter-stage capacitor, the supply voltage of the driver stage can be decreased compared to that in a general amplifler. Accordingly, the power-added e-ciency is improved and the gate-drain reliability problems are moderated compared to a general amplifler. The analyzed efiect of the inter-stage capacitor is verifled successfully using the measured results of the designed ampliflers.


I think it is essential that the title 'advanced nurse practitioner' is protected by the UKCC for those nurses who have undertaken registered courses, that is RCN Diploma, BSc and MSc. Not to do so has done nothing but cause confusion and anxiety in an already turbulent, changing, nursing environment.


Langmuir oscillations of a large amplitude in a cold collisionless plasma are considered in this work. We passed to the conclusion that multiple streams is an inevitable feature of the Langmuir oscillations in the cold collisionless inhomogeneous plasma with resonant point even in the low-signal limit. By extending the equation of the cold plasma oscillations on the multi-stream regimes, we find two-stream modes in the homogeneous plasma, which are stationary solutions of this equation.


If an external force is applied to provide a composite that maintains the design integrity of the substrate. In the present invention, the base material, has a coating provided on the substrate, the covering section (A) silica or the average composition formula R Composite material, silica, plastic polymer particles, a flexible substrate, the coating liquid


This article aims to contribute to the discussion of holistic community development models by presenting and evaluating the Community Capitals Framework (CCF; Flora & Flora, 2004) within the field of community psychology and within a Georgia community. The CCF is a conceptual framework from the field of sociology that includes seven forms of community capital (cultural, natural, human, social, financial, political, and built). These capitals can be used to better understand how communities work and thrive through the identification of assets in each capital and the ways in which the capitals interact in specific contexts. Focusing on the assets that generate community capital is the cornerstone of the CCF and plays a transformative role in the way that the planning and development process unfolds in community settings. This is shown in the case example of South Rome, GA. Results suggest that the CCF—especially when imbued with the values of community empowerment, diversity, and inclusion/participation—is a valuable tool for helping stakeholders approach community development from a systems perspective, combat hopelessness, and foster common language and plans for the future. Introduction: The Community Capitals Framework Community development approaches are well suited to address multifaceted community issues that matter to local residents (e.g., Dixon & Sindall, 1994; Sorensen, Emmons, Hunt, & Johnson, 1998). Communities represent complex, dynamic systems, and combining "community" with "development" adds to this complexity. Therefore, models or frameworks are often used as a guide to assure that all stakeholders can engage in the process (i.e., by using common terms and setting common goals) and to provide a means of evaluating change as it occurs. There are many existing models for the community development process, and in choosing a model, stakeholders must assure that the framework is contextually appropriate and is able to facilitate concrete planning and next-steps, while also remaining flexible to the changing strengths and needs of the community (Cavaye, 2006). This article aims to contribute to the discussion of frameworks for holistic community development by presenting and evaluating the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) (Flora & Flora, 2004) as a guiding model and tool to facilitate community change. The discussion includes an exploration of the ways in which Community Psychology values and principles can complement and expand on the applied value of this framework and includes a case study that was conducted in a community undergoing a large-scale redevelopment initiative. The CCF is a conceptual framework— developed in the field of sociology and grounded in literature from multiple disciplines—for exploring the assets and resources present in communities that can be leveraged for change. The CCF is a tool to help researchers and community members approach community change from a systems perspective through the identification of assets in each capital (stocks of capital), how capital is invested within a community (flow of capital), and the ways in which the capitals Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice Volume 6, Issue 2 October 2015 Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, http://www.gjcpp.org Page 3 interact (Emery & Flora, 2006). Broadly, community capitals are assets or resources that can be utilized to produce additional resources (Flora & Flora, 2013). Focusing on the assets that generate community capital is the cornerstone of the CCF and plays a transformative role in the way that the planning and development process unfolds in community settings. Conversely, focusing on the negative, with a list of problems and no easy solutions, is often overwhelming, causing community members to become resistant to change (Emery, Fey, & Flora, 2006). When using the CCF as basis for community development, community members are encouraged to begin by identifying the positive aspects of their community, which can counteract the potentially negative conversations surrounding community change (Emery & Flora, 2006), and theoretically combat learned helplessness and hopelessness. These assets can foster positive community perceptions, empower community members, and start the process of planning for a better future. Mapping community assets into groups creates community capitals that represent all aspects of community life. These capitals may be tangible (e.g., parks, businesses, roadways) or intangible (e.g., political influence, pride of heritage, norms of community service), and can be invested, saved, or depleted (Flora & Flora, 2004). Communities invest capital when they use those assets to improve the community. Capital can also be depleted or wasted. This might be the case when, in response to outside forces or through the influences of a few businesses, financial resources, time, and skills are invested to create a new strip mall that is not needed or wanted by community members; it therefore fails to contribute additional assets to the community. To better conceptualize the distribution of assets within communities, the CCF includes seven forms of community capital, discussed in detail in the following section. The Seven Forms of Community Capital The CCF includes seven forms of community capital—natural capital, cultural capital, human capital, social capital, political capital, financial capital, and built capital. Specific examples of each form of capital summarized from the literature can be seen in Figure 1. Natural capital. Natural capital consists of assets that are tied to specific locations and include geographic location, natural resources, climate, amenities, and natural beauty. According to Ruggeri (2009), the existing definitions of natural capital can be broken down into four categories: 1) those that identify natural capital as a stock of resources used to produce market goods and services (e.g., European Environment Agency, 2007; World Bank Group, 2004), 2) those that add ecosystem services to the resourcesto-goods production (e.g., Berkes & Folke, 1992; Hackett, 2001), 3) those that identify the spiritual and aesthetic aspects of the natural environment (e.g., Gilpin, 2000; Pearce, 1988), and 4) those that recognize the role natural capital plays in supporting life and survival (e.g., Anielski & Willson, 2005; Olewiler, 2004). Cultural capital. According to Flora and Flora (2013), "cultural capital determines what constitutes knowledge, how knowledge is to be achieved, and how knowledge is validated" (p. 55) through the community power structure (Weber, 1947; Williams, 2004). It includes the values, language, traditions, and world-views of community members and reflects the way people know and interpret the world around them based on their multiple cultural identities (e.g., Harrison, Huntington, & Samuel, 2000; Sen, 2000; Williams, 2004). Cultural capital is a practical resource as people use stories, rituals, symbols, and traditions to make decisions Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice Volume 6, Issue 2 October 2015 Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, http://www.gjcpp.org Page 4 and to pass on a legacy to their children, which is especially important because it directly affects the choices and opportunities that are available to youth in the community (Flora & Flora, 2013). Human capital. Human capital is comprised of the attributes of community members that can be used to develop and increase resources both within and outside of the community, including their ability to earn a living, strengthen sense of community, and contribute to community organizations, their families, and their own self-improvement (Becker, 2002). These attributes include, but are not limited to, educational and technical skills, a healthy lifestyle, and personal attributes such as honesty, leadership skills, and work ethic (Flora & Flora, 2013). Social capital. The connections among community members and organizations that allow people to come together to foster change (both positive and negative) are reflected in social capital (Flora & Flora, 2013). Within the field of sociology, social capital has been explained in terms of norms of reciprocity and mutual trust (e.g., Bourdieu, 1986; Coleman, 1988). Social capital can be built through the encouragement of community adaptability, responsibility, and initiative (Flora & Flora, 2013), and by promoting interactions that strengthen group members' commitment to their group's values and goals (Coleman, 1988). Political capital. Political capital includes community members' abilities to engage in community betterment and to make their voices heard regarding community issues (Aigner, Flora & Hernandez, 2001; Emery & Flora, 2006). Additionally, this form of capital encompasses organizations, connections, norms, and values that are officially organized into enforced rules and regulations. Political capital reflects how power is distributed, and the access that community members have to organizations, shared resources, and power brokers (Flora & Flora, 2004). Financial capital. Financial resources that can be invested in community capacity-building to create new business, to accumulate wealth for future development, and to promote entrepreneurship, are the primary components of financial capital (Emery & Flora, 2006; Lorenz, 1995). Although the term financial capital often translates to money, money is not always financial capital and financial capital is not always money (Flora & Flora, 2013). Financial capital does, however, consist of resources that are translated into monetary instruments, which means that they are highly liquid, or able to be easily converted into other forms of capital. Built capital. Built capital consists of the built infrastructure that supports all of the activities and capitals described above (Flora & Flora, 2004). Built capital also facilitates production, through buildings (which enable compa


1. Lead sulphide is soluble in human gastric juice.

2. The solubility of lead sulphide is less than that of basic lead sulphate or basic lead carbonate, but the sulphide is sufficiently soluble to be dangerous to the health of persons engaged in mining and milling lead sulphide ore, if the mining and milling proccesses involve the production of dust.

3. The persons engaged in mining and milling lead sulphide ore should therefore be protected in the same way as workers in other dangerous lead industries.


Aiming at the acoustic transmission with 3 km in the shallow sea,an integrative simulation model is built based on the conceptions of the stepping sound ray tracing method and sound abnormity factor.The effects of the propagation path and the sound ray bend due to transmitter and receiver positions and hydrological condition on the sound-field strength are considered in the model.With this model,a principle of identifying sound ray step and density is proposed,the equations of sound abnormity factor and sound transmission loss are modified,and the relation between sound ray density and sound-field strength is presented.Two sets of sea trial data collected by corresponding acoustic equipments show that the effects of sound ray bend and propagation path on sound-field strength can not be ignored in the shallow sea acoustic simulation.This model is effective in simulating practical acoustic characteristics,and the results can satisfy the simulation requirements.


With the development of the society, the progress of the times and the reform, and deepening of the education system, it provides more help for the development of college physical education, but also puts forward higher requirements. College physical education is an indispensable key component of education, and its task is to require students to improve their physical quality and master more than two sports skills. Therefore, for practical teaching, using scientific and effective methods is extremely important. As is known to all, the teaching goal of colleges and universities is to train more talents needed by the society and strengthen their physical pitch, so that they can contribute to the development of the society. According to the actual situation at present, college students are not interested in participating in sports and lack of the strength and initiative to participate in, so in this case, physical education is very hard to carry out smoothly. However, what kind of PE teaching methods can be used to make students more interested and to promote the orderly development of PE teaching? Based on this, it makes a careful research and analysis on the application of "soft ladder training" in college physical education teaching in this paper.


�In this paper, we construct and suggest some new, efficient, and accurate numerical algorithms based on the spectral methods for solving the Burgers' equation. Spectral methods using Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are developed. Test problems are used to validate these methods that are found to be accurate and efficient. Also, the results show that despite the fact that Chebyshev polynomials are the most widely used ones; the use of Legendre polynomials gives more accurate results. In addition the present study includes numerical solution of Burgers' equation by means of the Adomian decomposition method. Comparison with other methods is also given.


This is an atlas of function and it is of great value to anyone interested in the basic neurological functions specific to a specialty. The diagrams are models of clarity, and they are definitive in the tracts presented. Here is that rarity of rarities—a practical, workable atlas of function. It is well composed, accurate so far as it goes, and of excellent format.


We present (CO)-C-12(2-1) observations of the submillimetre galaxy ALESS65.1 performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 42.3 GHz. A previous Atacama Large Millimeter Array study of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South detected [C II] 157.74 mu m emission from this galaxy at a redshift of z= 4.44. No (CO)-C-12(21) emission was detected but we derive a firm upper limit to the cold gas mass in ALESS65.1 of M-gas 4 SMGs being the likely progenitors of massive red-and-dead galaxies at z > 2. The ratio of the [CII], (CO)-C-12 and far-infrared luminosities implies a strong far-ultraviolet field of G(0) greater than or similar to 103, as seen in Galactic star-forming regions or local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The observed L-[C II]/L-FIR = 2.3 x 10(-3) is high compared to local ULIRGs and, combined withLL([CII])/L-CO greater than or similar to 2700, it is consistent with ALESS65.1 either having an extended (several kpc) [C II] emitting region or lower than solar metallicity.


The significance of a crossed extensor hallucis response on active flexion of the hip was analysed in various neurological disorders. It is concluded that this sign, not formerly described, is a pathological reflex or synkinesia. In the cooperative patient the crossed extensor response is a more sensitive indicator of a minor disturbance within the cortico‐spinal motor pathways than the Babinski sign. With lesions above the foramen magnum a crossed extensor hallucis response is observed more frequently than the Babinski sign.


A cryogenic Apparatus for Acoustic Studies of Solids (CAASS)* is described. CAASS incorporates an experimental arrangement that has been developed and successfully utilised for the measurement of the ultrasonic characteristics of solids between the ambient and the liquid nitrogen temperature. Results on a Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting sample obtained using this apparatus are also presented


Accurate formulation for the wall admittance of a circular patch on a thick substrate/superstrate is presented. The principle of equivalence is invoked at the physical aperture of the patch, which yields equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents for the outside fields. The unknown electric current, in terms of the aperture electric field, is obtained from the field continuity condition on the aperture surface. Numerical results reveal that for a small substrate thickness, the equivalent electric current may be ignored. It should, however, be included in the analysis for larger substrate thicknesses. Numerical results for the wall conductance, wall susceptance, and radiation efficiency of a patch with various substrates and superstrates are presented. >


Sandstorms are frequently accompanied by the generation of intense electric fields and lightning. In a very narrow region close to the ground level, sand particles undergo a charge exchange mechanism whereby larger (resp. smaller) sized sand grains become positively (resp. negatively) charged are then entrained by the turbulent fluid motion. Our central hypothesis is that differently sized sand particles get differentially transported by the turbulent flow resulting in a large-scale charge separation, and hence a large-scale electric field. We utilize our simulation framework, comprising of large-eddy simulation of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer along with sand particle transport and an electrostatic Poisson solver, to investigate the physics of electric fields in sandstorms and thus, to confirm our hypothesis. We utilize the simulation framework to investigate electric fields in weak to strong sandstorms that are characterized by the number density of the sand particles. Our simulations reproduce observational measurements of both mean and RMS fluctuation values of the electric field. We propose a scaling law in which the electric field scales as the two-thirds power of the number density that holds for weak-to-medium sandstorms.


This study aimed to evaluate the skills of interpersonal communication between counselors and students, school staff, and parents. The approach used mixed method, with the type of evaluation research. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire interpersonal communication skills and interview guides interpersonal communication skills. Subject of research is three counselors in one of SMK Negeri Malang. The results showed that interpersonal communication skills counselors with students, school staff, and parents are performing well with an average percentage score of 81.7%. The results of this study helpful for counselors as consideration in the development of interpersonal communication skills. Therefore, it is expected for counselors in order to continue to develop interpersonal communication skills with students, school staff, and parents through training / workshops.


The increasing use of indocyanine green (ICG) in tissue solders has prompted us to investigate its properties in aqueous solutions. We have measured the optical absorbance of several ICG solutions over three orders of magnitude of concentration, and have analyzed the data at several different wavelengths. Our data suggest that, first, more than one oligomeric species is present in aqueous ICG solutions (even at fairly low concentrations), and second, that rather than a dimer or trimer, the predominant oligomeric species is an n-mer where n >= 4. Our experiments show that the compounds generated during photodegradation of aqueous ICG are equivalent to those produced during degradation in the absence of light. Our data also confirm that the adsorption of ICG onto human serum albumin (HSA) reduces both aggregation and degradation, but also show that HSA has a finite capacity for this effect. We have used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to study the nature of the degradation products of ICG. The degradation process is complex, leading to the formation of at least a dozen products.


In his Critique of Pure Reason, in the chapter on the antinomy of pure reason, Kant not only argues that aprioristic cosmology is doomed to failure; he also implies that empirical knowledge about the universe is impossible. Today, such a negative verdict about the possibility of cosmological knowledge seems implausible because physical cosmology has made substantial progress. In particular, the spatiotemporal extension of the universe now seems a matter of empirical investigation in which models figure centrally. But I think it is worth considering the possibility that Kant got something right and that he offers insights that can help us to better understand problems in present-day cosmology. In this article, I explore a striking coincidence: according to both Kant and current wisdom, cosmology faces a serious underdetermination problem regarding the spatiotemporal extension of the world. As a closer analysis reveals, however, Kant and modern cosmology differ on the reasons why underdetermination arises. In current cosmology, underdetermination follows from laws that are knowable a posteriori, and not only from the very idea of cosmological knowledge, as Kant would have it. This suggests that the current underdetermination problem is not fully a Kantian one.


Let H be a subgroup of the two finite groups A and B. Let 8 (3) be the set of transversals of the left cosets of H in A (B), and consider A (B) as a permutation group on S(3) where the action is by left multiplication. If fnA (nB) is the number of orbits under the action of A (B) then the number of nonisomorphic permutational products of A and B amalgamating H is bounded by nAnB Let A and B be finite groups and H be a subgroup of A and B. Let S (T) be a left transversal of H in A(B) and let K=SXTXH. For each aCA, bEB we define permutations p(a) and p'(b) of K by (s, I, h)p(a) = (s', t, ') where sha = s'li', (s, t, h)p'(b) = (s, t', h') where tAb = t'Ii'. Then p:a--p(a) and p':bp'(b) are isomorphisms of A and B into the symmetric group, Sym(K), on K such that p(A)(p'(B) =p(H) =p'(H). The permutational product of A and B, with respect to the transversals S and T, amalgamating H is the subgroup of Sym(K) generated by p(A) and p'(B): we shall call this the (S, T) permutational product of A and B. A different choice of transversals S and T may or may not yield a permutational product isomorphic to the (S, T) permutational product. Neumann [1 ] has shown that if H is central in A then the isomorphism class of permutational product is independent of the choice of T. Hence, if H is central in A and B, there is only one permutational product amalgamating H, namely the generalized direct product of A and B. This and other facts concerning permutational products will be found in [1] and the references given there. In this note we show how some families of transversals S, T yield isomorphic permutational products and so obtain a crude upper bound for the number of possible nonisomorphic permutational products. THEOREM 1. If S and T are left transversals of H in A and B, respectively, if xEA and yEB then the (S, T) permutational product Pi and the (xS, yT) permutational product P2 are isonmorphic. Received by the editors July 18, 1969. A MlSS Subject Classifications. Primary 2052.


In recent years practitioners, policy makers, and researchers have questioned the utility of the standard set of crime measures derived from the data collected by the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. They have called for viable reporting options that do not burden law enforcement and that utilize available information. Using these criteria, this article presents recommendations for an enhanced set of community-level crime measures. These measures are designed to service the information needs of law enforcement as well as the information needs of the many audiences that depend on (or could benefit from) law enforcement statistics.


: With the deepening development of global economic integration, cross-border e-commerce is playing an increasingly important role in international trade, and the demand for English talents is growing day by day. Technical schools, as an important channel for cultivating practical applied talents, are of great significance in the field of cross-border e-commerce. This paper aims to explore the strategies for cultivating cross-border e-commerce English talents in technical schools under the background of school enterprise cooperation, and conduct in-depth research from curriculum design, teaching methods, and practical aspects to meet the demand for high-quality English talents in the cross-border e-commerce industry.


This paper analyses the indexing of three Social Sciencies International databases taken into consideration relevance, consistency and exhaustivity of the vocabulary used in the controlled languajes. Post-coordinated languaje and pre-coordinated languaje are compared, and results identify the coherence of the use of descriptors versus subject headings.


In this paper, mesoscale modeling is performed to simulate and understand fracture behavior of two concrete composites: cement and asphalt concrete using disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) tests. Mesoscale models are used as alternative to macroscale models to obtain better realistic behavior of composite and heterogeneous materials such as cement and asphalt concrete. In mesoscale models, aggregate and matrix are represented as distinct materials and each material has its characteristic properties. Disk-shaped compact tension test is used to obtain tensile strength and fracture energy of materials. This test can be used as a better alternative to other tests such as three points bending tests because it is more convenient for both field and laboratory specimens in addition to its accurate results. Comparing the numerical results of the mesoscale models of cement and asphalt concrete specimens with experimental data shows that these models can predict the behavior of these composite materials very well as seen in the curves of load-crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). Also, the mesoscale modeling highlights the variability of crack direction where it is dependent on the random distribution of aggregate.


To better understand the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) startup/shutdown tansients, an airflow test of a two dimensional nozzle was conducted at Marshall Space Flight Center's trisonic wind tunnel. Photographic and other instrumentation show during an SSME start large nozzle shell distortions occur as the Mach disk is passing through the nozzle. During earlier develop of the SSME, this startup transient resulted in low cycle fatigue failure of one of the LH2 feedlines. The two dimensional SSME nozzle test was designed to measure the static and fluctuating pressure environment and color Schlieren video during the startup and shutdown phases of the run profile.


The hercynite synthesized at 1600C in protection atmosphere was thermogravimetrically analyzed. The results show that the change of oxygen partial pressure during sintering transformssome Fe in the hercynitecrystal structure into Fe but the hercynitestructure remained. Based on the modal for hercynite with Fegiven by Dehe, et al., the structural formula was calculated as 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 0.497 0.355 0.148 0.503 0.355 1.142 [ ]O Fe Fe Al Fe Fe Al       .


The dynamics of mechanical systems with clearance and constraint is an important field in vibration engineering.A one-degree-of-freedom piecewise-linear model for a rear-axle suspension is considered.Motion differential equation of the system having a non-linear elastic constraint is derived and the related Poincare map is established numerically.Bifurcations and chaos of the system are investigated by numerical simulations and analytical method.The routes to chaos through quasi-periodic or period-doubling bifurcation are discussed respectively.Besides,some other nontypical routes to chaos have been found that in the suspension system.The obtained result can be used in chaos prediction and chaotic control.It is helpful to optimize the parameters of practical suspension system by investigation of its bifurcation and chaos.


The optimum boiling condition was determined for fish extracts by response surface model. Model equations were designed with effect of time (T) and the amount of added water (W) on the level of released free amino acid. Based on the high (>0.9) coefficient of determination and low (, showed a greater influence on releasing free amino acids than boiling time. The optimum boiling times are 6 hours for crucian carp, 5 hours for bastard halibut, 7 hours for loach and 5 hours for jacopever. The ratio of added water to sample 1 (v/w) could be applied to all fish samples at


Vietnam has launched a planned economy since the country's reunification in 1975. At that time, the country's economy was not in good condition due to the war. Although Vietnam has numerous conditions that could be favorable to the country's development, the country became one of the poorest one in the world because these conditions were not properly used. Vietnam only began to open its doors to foreign investment after December 1985, after a conference that put more importance on the country's economy development when the Doi Moi was proposed. Following economical reforms, Vietnam's trade with other countries became more and more frequent. The import and export rate growth increased rapidly. Only their relation with the United States could not ameliorate due to the war. However, following trade's globalization, their relation started to warm little by little. Ex-U.S. president Bill Clinton reestablished the normalization of the two countries' relations. The U.S.-Vietnam trade agreement is considered as an important guideline of these two countries' bilateral relations. The trade agreement is seen as a milestone of the United States and Vietnam's economical relations. This represents that both countries could enjoy more diversified products from each other at a considerably competitive price. It is no doubt a win-win situation. Therefore, the U.S.-Vietnam trade agreement is very much of academic research value. Vietnam's economical potential can be predicted, but problems will also come along; this is why this thesis is aimed at discussing trade and economical growth of Vietnam on the basis of the trade agreement. Topics and discussions such as the U.S.-Vietnam relation's development, bilateral trade policy, elimination of non-trade impediment, discussion about the relation between trade and economical growth, the refurbishment of Vietnam's economy structure under the bilateral trade agreement are all in the thesis.


Abstract : As part of a cold cloud modification subsystem, the Naval Weapons Center has designed, developed, and tested an airborne jet seeder (AJS), which operates on the ramjet principle. Under approximately 120-lb/sq in. pressure, a swirl nozzle sprays a solution of silver iodide, ammonium iodide, and acetone into a chamber, where it is mixed with air and burned. From each gram of silver iodide in the solution, about 10 to the 14th power silver iodide particles (nuclei), each with a radius of not more than 0.2 micron, are delivered from the aft end. Users can vary nozzle size and solution concentration to optimize the count for particular missions. The AJS operated successfully at various speeds and altitudes when flight-tested with a Cessna 337 aircraft. Acetone solutions containing up to 10% of silver iodide ignited and burned. Solutions of 10% lithium chloride dissolved in methanol and acetone burned, also. Under consideration are design modifications to adapt the AJS for burning other solutions that would produce particles useful for generating smoke, measuring air currents, picking up atmospheric contaminants, and for meteorological research. (Author)


Background Straight raising of the legs in the supine position or Trendelenburg positioning has been used to treat hypotension or shock, but the advantages of these positions are not clear and under debate. We performed a crossover study to evaluate the circulatory effect of full flexion of the hips and knees in the supine position (exaggerated lithotomy), and compare it with straight leg raising. Methods This study was a prospective randomized crossover study from the tertiary care unit at our university hospital. Twenty-two patients scheduled for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery were enrolled. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were standardized. Exaggerated lithotomy position or straight leg raising were randomly selected in the supine position. Hemodynamic variables were measured in the following sequence: 10 min after induction, 1, 5, and 10 min following the designated position, and 1 and 5 min after returning to the supine position. Ten min later, the other position was applied to measure the same hemodynamic variables. Results During the exaggerated lithotomy position, cerebral and coronary perfusion pressure increased significantly (P < 0.01) without a change in cardiac output. During straight leg raising, cardiac output increased at 5 min (P < 0.05) and cerebral and coronary perfusion pressures did not increase except for cerebral perfusion pressure at 1 min. However, the difference between the two groups at each time point in terms of cerebral perfusion pressure was clinically insignificant. Conclusions Full flexion of the hips and knees in the supine position did not increase cardiac output but may be more beneficial than straight leg raising in terms of coronary perfusion pressure.


Network data models are frequently used as a mechanism to solve wide range of problems typical for the GIS applications and transportation planning in particular. They do this by modelling the two most important aspects of such systems: the connectivity and the attribution. For a long time the attributes like the travel time, associated with a transportation network model have been considered static. With the advancement of the technology data vendors now have the capability to capture more accurate information about the speeds of streets at different times of the day and provide this data to customers. The network attributes are not static anymore but associated with a particular time instance (e.g time-dependent). In this paper we describe our time dependent network model tailored towards the need of transportation network modelling. Our solution is based on the existing database functionality (tables, joins, sorting algorithms) provided by a standard relational DBMS and has been implemented and tested and currently being shipped as a part of the ESRI ArcGIS 10.1 platform and all subsequent releases.


Expanding upon the brief introduction given in LIRN 57, this article focuses upon some problems arising from the relationship between the education and training sector for information professionals and the employment market in the Netherlands. As a result of the 1990 state-of-the-art study Functional analysis of the curricula in the information
services sector new initiatives were taken by schools and training institutions, national organizations began innovative projects, and other studies were carried out. In 1992 a survey New markets for the information professional? was carried out; a brief outline is given. This study explored the way educators and professional bodies in the libraries and information services sector respond to the developments in the employment sector, and specifically in the emerging new market.
The ensuing thorough assessment of curricula is described, as are reactions to the assessments from professional associations and practitioners.


This paper develops a short-term hydrothermal scheduling algorithm based on the simulated annealing technique. In the algorithm, the load balance constraint, total water discharge constraint, reservoir volume limits and constraint on the operation limits of the hydrothermal generator and the equivalent thermal generator are fully accounted for. A relaxation method for checking the limits is proposed and included in the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through an application to a test example. The results are presented and are compared to a conventional method. >


Abstract A global, three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical model of the thermosphere has been created to simulate the dynamical behavior of the earth's thermosphere under a wide variety of geophysical conditions. Comparison of the model's predictions with the available data from ground-based, rocket and satellite techniques has shown that thermospheric dynamics can be realistically simulated by considering only three processes which deposit energy, or energy and momentum, in the thermosphere. Comparisons between the simulations and available data allow assessment of the magnitudes of the various processes as functions, particularly, of solar and geomagnetic activity. The model is fully self-consistent in solving the neutral gas equations of momentum, energy and continuity, including all the Coriolis, inertial, viscosity and nonlinear terms, but assumes that the thermosphere contains a single species whose mean molecular weight varies only with the pressure. At times when the mean meridional wind is la...


About 1 % of 129/Sv-Ter/+(+/+) male mice and almost all of LTXBJ female mice develop spontaneously testicular teratomas and ovarian teratomas, respectively. We found a new coat-color mutation Kasumi (Ka) in a [129/SvTer/+(+/+) x LTXBJ] F1 female. Here we report the identification of the mutation by establishing 129/Sv-Ka/+ and LTXBJ-Ka/+ congenic strains. Ka mutation showed phenotypic effects similar to W (c-Kit on Chr.5) and SlJ (c-Kitl on Chr.10) mutations, including white coat with black eyes, anemia and sterility based on deficiency in pigment cells, erythrocytes and primordial germ cells. Evidence from mating tests between Ka/+ mice and W/+, Wv/+ or SlJ/+ mice and sequence analysis demonstrated clearly the occurrence of a novel miss-sense transition in exon 17 of the c-Kit gene in the Ka mutant gene. It was also indicated that the Ka mutation had occurred in the c-Kit gene from the strain 129/Sv-Ter/+ (+/+) not LTXBJ. Strikingly, for examples, 30 % of 129/Sv (Ka/+) males, 40 % of 129/Sv (Ka/+, SlJ/+) males, 80 % of 129/Sv (Ka/+, Ter/+) males had spontaneous testicular teratomas, whereas the Ka/+ males with the LTXBJ genetic background did not. It is first reported that a c-Kit mutation influences the incidence of testicular teratomas. About 50 % of the LTXBJ-Ka/+ females had ovarian teratomas. Thus, it is concluded that the Ka mutation is novel c-Kit mutation causing stem-cell deficiency in melanogenesis, erythrogenesis and gametogenesis and stimulating teratocarcinogenesis in primordial germ cells in the testes with 129/Sv strain background genes.


Assuming the thin flux tube approximation, we introduce an analytical model that contemplates the presence of: a non-isothermal temperature; a varying magnetic field and a non-uniform stratified medium in hydrostatic equilibrium due to a constant gravity acceleration. This allows the study of slow magnetoacoustic cut-off periods across the solar transition region, from the base of the solar chromosphere to the lower corona. The used temperature profile approaches the VAC solar atmospheric model. The periods obtained are consistent with observations. Similar to the acoustic cut-off periods, the resulting magnetoacoustic gravity ones follow the sharp temperature profile, but shifted towards larger heights; in other words, at a given height the magnetoacoustic cut-off period is significantly lower than the corresponding acoustic one. Along a given longitude of an inclined thin magnetic tube, the greater its inclination the softener the temperature gradient it crosses. Changes in the magnetic field intensity do not significantly modify the periods at the coronal level but modulate the values below the transition region within periods between $\sim [2\,- 6]\,$min. Within the limitations of our model, we show that monochromatic oscillations of the solar atmosphere are the atmospheric response at its natural frequency to random or impulsive perturbations, and not a consequence of the forcing from the photosphere.


Abstract The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua spacecraft provides accurate and consistent measurements of midtropospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) with global monthly coverage. The data are widely used for studies of vertical transport of CO 2 due to large-scale dynamics (e.g., ENSO, MJO, and the Walker Circulation). The purpose of this paper is to characterize the response of CO 2 in the midtroposphere, at the altitudes where AIRS is most sensitive, to geophysical changes at the surface across the globe. Our findings confirm that surface factors, as well as weather and climate patterns, impact the global variability of midtropospheric CO 2 as observed by AIRS. Despite a phase lag and a reduction in the seasonal amplitude observed in AIRS CO 2 relative to surface CO 2 measurements in the Northern Hemisphere, a significant correlation is observed between regional variability of CO 2 from AIRS and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived Gross Primary Productivity at the surface, primarily in the high-latitude boreal forests during the peak of the growing season (July). A video of global AIRS CO 2 and MODIS vegetation index clearly shows the seasonal drawdown of CO 2 from the midtroposphere over highly vegetated areas in the northern latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, we see higher amplitude in the seasonal cycle, with the phase leading that of the surface. Both are indicative of interhemispheric transport.


Purpose: We developed a questionnaire designed to determine the state of services provided by the National Health Service within the UK for adults with acquired neurologically caused communication disorders. A further aim was to compare our results with those from a similar survey conducted 10 years ago by Mackenzie et al. Method: We sent questionnaires to 264 managers and directors of adult speech and language therapy services in the UK. We asked questions about staffing levels, regional variations, patterns of service delivery at acute and chronic stages and staff time spent working with different communication and swallowing problems. Results: Nearly 53% of average staff time was spent working with swallowing disorders accompanying neurological damage (dysphagia) compared to 24%with aphasia.As thepercentage of time spent workingwith swallowing increased, the percentage of time spent working with aphasia reduced. Out of the time spent on aphasia treatment, 48% averages less than 3 h per week duration and just 4.8% averages more than 3 h per week, which was correlated with total number of speech and language therapists employed by a service. We found a significant difference only between London, with the highest total staff numbers, and the South West, with the lowest. We also found significant relationships between staff numbers and population size and staff numbers and the level of referrals to the service. Conclusions: Our main conclusions are: (1) while there may have been an increase in the number of speech and language therapists working with acquired and progressive neurogenic conditions in the past 10 years, they are mainly working with swallowing disorders, and (2) findings agree with recent studies showing that the amount of treatment or therapy that aphasic clients receive is well below that recommended by the literature. Introduction In order to improve the services for disabled people in the community we need to know the state of the services currently provided. In the UK, the provider of services for people with communication impairments and disabilities is the National Health Service (NHS) and the professional group overwhelmingly responsible for treatment are the speech and language therapy (SLT) services within the NHS. The British NHS was set up in 1946 to ensure a system of healthcare that was free to all at the point of delivery. Although private treatment is available, the majority of people with acquired neurogenic communication disabilities receive treatment from the speech and language therapy service in their community through the NHS. Reorganization in the 1980s resulted in decreased services offered to many people with acquired communication disorders, with great variation in services offered by the NHS. The aim of this study was to examine the range and extent of services provided by SLT departments for adults with acquired communication impairments and disabilities 10 years after a similar study conducted in the Autumn of 1990 by Mackenzie et al. The main acquired adult neurogenic communication disorders considered are aphasia (impairments and disabilities in language use in any modality as a result of some kind of brain damage, most commonly stroke and mostly to the left hemisphere of the brain), dysarthria (neurologically caused disorders of speech articulation and voice), and the communication disorders associated with dementia (which may include primary progressive aphasic conditions like semantic dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia). In addition, SLTs departments are * Author for correspondence; Chris Code, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK. e-mail: email@example.com DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION, 2003; VOL. 25, NO. 21, 1231–1237 Disability and Rehabilitation ISSN 0963–8288 print/ISSN 1464–5165 online # 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals DOI: 10.1080/09638280310001599961 responsible for providing assessment and management of the swallowing disorders (dysphagia) that commonly accompany stroke and other neurological conditions. Many studies of stroke incidence and prevalence have not considered aphasia and other communication disorders, although the main approach to determining the incidence and prevalence of aphasia has been to estimate them from the incidence of stroke. Studies have used a range of methods, and comparison of results is unreliable. Most studies have used stroke banks and surveys which are assumed to under-estimate incidence and prevalence of stroke and estimates of incidence vary. Some variability is noted in different parts of the world. The incidence of 110 000 first strokes for the UK population is based on stroke patients admitted to hospital and will therefore be an underestimate. Brust et al. estimated that approximately 20% of those who have had an acute stroke will have aphasia. In the UK the incidence of aphasia is estimated to be 2 in 1000 of the population (55 million) or (0.2%) and approximately 0.1% (1 in every 1000 of the population), 5 but it is estimated that only 85% of stroke patients are admitted to hospital. A small range of surveys have gathered data on the state of services provided for people with aphasia in the UK. 6 – 8 Findings have varied. Katz et al. surveyed 394 speech and language pathology/therapy departments across the USA, UK, Canada and Australia representing a range of work settings to determine access and treatment for aphasia. Results suggested that people with aphasic may be routinely denied treatment in direct contradiction to the research literature and the average length of treatment for those with acute aphasia in the UK is less than 2 h per week. The impact of aphasia on the emotional and social lives of people with aphasia is well documented. 10 Speech and language services are responsible for providing assessment and management for acquired neurogenic swallowing disorders (dysphagia), which are common in stroke and in a range of other neurogenic conditions. 13 Whitaker and Romer suggest an incidence of between 45% and 64% in acute stroke and Coyle et al. note the high co-occurence of dysphagia and aphasia in lateral inferior frontal left hemisphere lesions. There is little doubt that dysphagia is a disabling condition and early treatment is essential to prevent such complications as dehydration and pulmonary aspiration and that SLTs make a considerable contribution to the assessment and management of the condition. The issue for many, however, is that this may be at the expense of the communication impairments and disabilities that the same individuals have, as well as others without swallowing difficulties. Early in 2000 we conducted a national UK survey to collect information on the services provided for aphasic people by the statutory health and community agencies in the UK. We aimed to determine the staffing levels of speech and language therapy services for people with neurogenic communication disabilities, the amount of treatment they receive and how the amount of time spent with communication disorders compares to the amount of time SLTs spend working with dysphagia.


Modern agriculture is developing towards knowledge agriculture. This paper analyzes meaning and implement of precision agriculture, combines with agricultural situation in oasis of Xinjiang and puts forward the developing strategy which fits with Xinjiang's special situation. It is important for Xinjiang to promote the traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. [


State-of-the-art flight technology has restructured the task of human operators, decreasing the need for physical and sensory resources, and increasing the quantity of cognitive effort required, changing it qualitatively. Recent technological advances have the most potential for impacting a pilot in two areas: performance and mental workload. In an environment in which timing is critical, additional cognitive processing can cause performance decrements, and increase a pilot's perception of the mental workload involved. The effects of stimulus processing demands on motor response performance and subjective mental workload are examined, using different combinations of response selection and target acquisition tasks. The information processing demands of the response selection were varied (e.g., Sternberg memory set tasks, math equations, pattern matching), as was the difficulty of the response execution. Response latency as well as subjective workload ratings varied in accordance with the cognitive complexity of the task. Movement times varied according to the difficulty of the response execution task. Implications in terms of real-world flight situations are discussed.


Author Institution: Department of Research and Research Administration and Department of Infectious Diseases, Summa Health System ; Stark County Health Department


Network-wide broadcasting is used extensively in mobile ad hoc networks for route discovery and for disseminating data throughout the network. Flooding is a common approach to performing network-wide broadcasting. Although it is a simple mechanism that can achieve high delivery ratio, flooding consumes much of the communication bandwidth and causes serious packet redundancy, contention and collision. In this paper, the authors propose new broadcast schemes that reduce the overhead associated with flooding. In these schemes, a node selects a subset of its neighbors for forwarding the packet being broadcast to additional nodes. The selection process has for goal reducing the number of neighbors and maximizing the number of nodes that they can reach i.e., forward the packet to. By applying this novel neighborhood-based broadcasting strategy, the authors have come up with routing protocols that have very low overhead. These protocols were implemented and simulated within the GloMoSim 2.03 network simulator. The simulation experiments show that our routing protocols can reduce the overhead for both low and high mobility substantially, as compared with the well-known and promising AODV routing protocol. In addition, they outperform AODV by increasing the delivery ratio and decreasing the end-to-end delays of data packets.


Context: In the general population, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (HCEC) relates inversely to incident cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested that HCEC is decreased in HIV and that antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation might improve HCEC. Objective: To evaluate HCEC in the context of ART initiation and immune activation in HIV. Design and Outcome Measures: Baseline HCEC from 10 ART‐naive HIV‐infected males and 12 prospectively matched non‐HIV‐infected males were analyzed. In the HIV cohort, HCEC 6 months after elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF) therapy was evaluated. HCEC served as the primary outcome and was measured by the ability of J774 mouse macrophages to efflux cholesterol. Our ex vivo assay used two cholesterol acceptors [apolipoprotein B (apoB)‐depleted sera or purified HDL] and modulation of cellular efflux pathways using a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. Results: The median age was 34 years [interquartile range (IQR), 27 to 51], and baseline HDL was 46 mg/dL (IQR, 38 to 61). HCEC was significantly greater in the non‐HIV‐infected subjects than in the HIV‐infected subjects at baseline. HCEC, assessed using apoB‐depleted sera, significantly increased after ART (no LXR agonist, baseline: median, 8.1%; IQR, 7.0% to 11.9%; after ART: median, 12.9%; IQR, 10.4% to 21.1%; P = 0.006; LXR agonist, baseline, 1.3% ± 1.3%; after ART, 2.5% ± 1.0%; P = 0.02), although not to the levels in the non‐HIV‐infected subjects (no LXR agonist: median, 14.9%; IQR, 11.5% to 19.1%; LXR agonist: 5.8% ± 1.3%). HCEC, assessed using purified HDL, did not significantly increase after ART. The change in HCEC with ART related inversely to the change in the percentage of CD14−CD16+ (nonclassical) monocytes (&rgr; = −0.74, P = 0.04) and directly to the change in the percentage of CD14+CD16− (classical) monocytes (&rgr; = 0.72, P = 0.045). Conclusions: Our data suggest improvement of HCEC with E/C/F/TDF and a relationship between the ART‐induced decrease in immune activation and ART‐induced improvement in HCEC.


OBJECTIVE To study and demonstrate the application of neural network to research the quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship(QSPR)of 61 kinds of antimicrobial agents.METHODS Firstly,three-layer back propagation system network was established including an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer of the neural network is the quantum chemistry parameter, physical-chemistry parameter and molecular connectivity index of drug. The output of the neural network is the pharmacokinetic property -drug plasma protein binding(DPPB) of antimicrobial agents which is derived from the experimental data . Secondly, the prediction ability of the network is tested by the leave-one-out method.RESULTS The test involved the prediction of the pharmacokinetic properties(DPPB) of ten compound which have never been seen by the network. The predicted by neural network values shew good agreement with the experimental values. CONCLUSION This result indicates that the neural network described in this study is proper and effective for QSPR research.


Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacies of different surgical operating methods for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods From June 2002 to June 2007,352 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage had been treated by intracranial puncture and drainage or craniotomy through small bone window or craniotomy through bone flap.Results 314 patients survived(89.2%),according to ADL,169 cases were in grade Ⅰ,62 in grade Ⅱ,30 in grade Ⅲ,28 in grade Ⅳ and 25 in grade Ⅴ.38 patients died(10.8%).Conclusions Individualized surgical timing and mode can decrease mortality and disability rate markedly according to cases with different hematoma situation and volumes.


Physical Description: 2 mss, 1 lmss Restrictions: Collection access restricted until five years after passing of Louise Keeling, with access until then by permission of Keeling family. Description: The accession consists of letters exchanged by Charles David Keeling with his parents, family and friends largely during the period 1937-1956, before he arrived at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The letters document his education, personal interests including music and nature. The accession also includes newspaper clippings from Montana documenting his death, and other material concerning his memorial services and burial. This collection came from the Keeling Family home in Montana. American climate scientist and oceanographer


The recent progress in molecular magnetism of five types of heteropolynuclear complexes, which are most relevant to the design of molecular based magnets, and contain oxamato, oxamido, oxalato, oximato and cyano bridges, respectively, was reviewed, and a brief perspective in this field of research was also presented.


Excessive lateral diaphragm wall displacement and the associated ground settlement can cause damage to buildings near the area of application. It is necessary to control the deformation of the diaphragm wall during both basement excavation and the building load application in the cases where the structural safety of these buildings are important. This study presents a three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) analysis of a jet-grout group column and a passive resistance-enhanced diaphragm wall system in a six-story basement excavation using a real-world situation analysis previously reported in the literature. In the deep excavations, uncontrolled structural application or non-realistic design situations can cause demage to the buildings near the application area. By constructing jet grout group columns under the excavation area between the diaphragm walls, the passive resistance of the diaphragm wall system is increased and the wall deformation is limited. In the numerical analyzes presented in this paper, 3D FE model of this complex geotechnical design has been conducted using the noval image processing technique. The numerical modeling technique presented in this study provides more efficient design of diaphragm wall systems supported by jet grout columns used in deep excavation.


Abstract How can the analyst get access to early preverbal material in the patient's internal world? The author proposes a dynamic view of memory with no strict boundaries between different memory systems as particularly suitable for clinical purposes. Being in a state of evenly suspended attention and feeling open to all the verbal and non-verbal signals emanating from the patient, the analyst has the best opportunity to approach the archaic traces of early experiences even in the preverbal phase of development. Mutual enactments between analysand and analyst may help in this process as well as understanding the unconscious roots of the artistic activity of some patients. The author tries to illuminate his thoughts using the analysis of a children's book of the nineteenth century and examples from three psychoanalytic therapies.


This study set out to investigate the high and low adoption usage of Mcommerce service categories (Entertainment, transactions, communication, and information). The research focused on whether awareness and knowledge, convenience of Mobile devices and WAP/GPRS enabled handset, pricing and cost, security and privacy, rich and fast information and perceived usefulness have any influence on the intention to use M-commerce services among employed Mobile phone users in Dhaka and Chittagong City of Bangladesh. This study finds that communication category in M-commerce services has higher usage frequency compared to others like entertainment, transactions, and information. Three factors were found to have significant positive influence towards the adoption of M-commerce services are pricing and cost, rich and fast information, and security and privacy. Further, it is interesting to note that there is no significant gender difference in terms of M-commerce adoption level. Users less than 30 years of age have a higher tendency to adopt M-commerce services compare to the older age groups was discovered among employed mobile users in Bangladesh.


Monitoring and surveillance system in forest area is a system developed by implementing the achievement of technology and information to collect data and information in different ways. With the development of science, especially in the field of technology and information, especially in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) increasingly provide opportunities to obtain information in real time, massive and accurate. ICT-related research for forest areas to be developed is an integrated system between forest ecosystems, buffer zones and urban areas through cloud computing systems involving integrated data centers for various data needs. IoT to be developed include: Visual Camera that can be used for surveillance of animals and vegetation, environmental sensors consisting of Weather Station, Temperature Sensor and Fire, GPS Sensor for Pal Limit. Access and data collection can use 450 Mhz point to point LTE BTS, or satelite at an economical price. Use for data.


Abstract This study aims to provide a systematic and objective translation criticism, , benefiting mainly from Van den Broeck's "systemic model of translation criticism". Instead of searching for errors in translations, the textual and extra-textual features of the source and target texts have been tried to be defined and "the shifts of expressions" have been identified by linking each text to their social contexts. For the analysis and description of the translator's strategies on macro level, Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization have been used as analytical categories. For micro level analysis, on the other hand, Vinay and Darbalnet's translation procedures have been applied, providing relevant examples on different levels. Keywords: translation criticism, systemic model, shifts of expressions, domestication and foreignization


Agency – the topic once deemed illusory and explanatorily vacuous – now commands renewed scholarly attention across the psychological, developmental, and biological sciences (Bandura, 2006; Juarrero, 1999; Martin, Sugarman, & Hickinbottom, 2010; Martin, Sugarman & Thompson, 2003; Moreno & Mossio, 2015; Sugarman & Sokol, 2012; Thompson, 2007; Walsh, 2015; Weber & Varela, 2002). It is a topic, in fact, currently championed by many as foundational to an understanding of all living systems and their activity in the world. And it is a topic central to the book Sensorimotor life: An enactive proposal, published last year by Ezequiel Di Paolo, Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier Barandiaran. In this essay review, I consider Di Paolo et al.'s (2017) book through the lens of recent trends in agency conceptualization, particularly within developmental science – trends that, as I will argue, hold the potential to foster as much conceptual confusion as they do clarity. By providing this contextual framing, I hope to illuminate the critical significance of Sensorimotor life for dispelling conceptual confusion and advancing the explanatory role of agency in science. In recent years, scholarly accounts have sometimes construed agency as a capacity to self-determine actions in the world (e.g., Frie, 2008; Martin, 2008). But more frequently, and oftentimes in the same breath, these accounts have identified agency with situated actions themselves, relationally constituted in physical and sociocultural context (e.g., Frie, 2008; Martin et al., 2010; Sauvayre, 2008; Sugarman, 2008). Of late, some treatments have gone further by explicitly conceptualizing agency as a process rather than as a capacity, describing it (in the context of humans) as "a multilayered psychosocial process ... distributed not only across ontogenetic time, but also across people and their relationships to each other" (Sokol, Hammond, Kuebli, & Sweetman, 2015, p. 299; Sokol, Müller, & Chandler, 2013). Overall, current trends in agency conceptualization promote a contextual, process-oriented view of agency – a view of agency as an activity of living systems in context, borne of and constituted in relations between living systems and the world in which they are embedded. Such a view speaks to the dynamics both of agency's developmental construction and of its real-time exercise. And such a view offers a vital corrective to traditional treatments Published online: January 24, 2019


An understanding of the effect of fertility management on soil surface fluxes of CO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 is essential in evaluating C sequestration measures that attempt to increase the amount of crop residue returned to the soil through increased fertilizer inputs. In this sludy, soil surface CO 2 flux was measured over a 27-mo sampling period in continuous maize (Zea mays L.) plots managed under either an intensive fertility regime (M2) or recommended best management (M1). Flux was significantly higher in the M2 treatment on only 2 d during the first growing season. Annual estimates of soil surface CO 2 flux, based on a modified exponential equation that incorporates leaf area index (LAI) to predict temporal changes in soil respiration, averaged 11550 kg C ha -1 yr -1 for both treatments (approximately 31.64 kg C ha -1 d -1 on average). Within row soil surface CO 2 flux was, on average, 64% higher than between row flux. Plant population did not significantly affect measured soil surface CO 2 flux. While fertility management had no significant effect on CH 4 flux, N 2 O flux as measured on 3 d during the 2000 growing season was significantly higher in the M2 treatment. In 2001, no significant differences in N 2 O flux were observed, possibly due to changes in N management and irrigation method. Electrical conductivity measured during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons was significantly higher in the M2 treatment while pH measured during the 2001 season was significantly lower for M2.


Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is underestimated chronic lung disease presenting with a combo of emphysema plus interstitial lung disease. CPFE is a heterogeneous lung disease documented usually in smokers which includes emphysema in the upper lobes and pulmonary fibrosis in the lower lobes. Although CPFE is commonly called as Smoker's lung disease , a proportionate number of cases are having concurrent connective tissue disease. High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT thorax) is a gold standard investigation to evaluate CPFE due less reliability of conventional chest radiography. Pulmonary hypertension and lung cancer are two comorbidities associated with poor outcome in CPFE. Echocardiography, diffusion coefficient, and body plethysmography have documented role in composite assessment of CPFE. Combination of bronchodilators, oxygen supplementation during rest and ambulation in selected cases and antifibrotics is having "game changer" role in the management of CPFE.


Summary The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of the effects of steam stimulation on the oil-containing carbonate rock. Investigations were conducted on specially designed thermal setup of flow type equipped by original core holder. The influence of temperature, pressure and composition of the steam-gas eluent on the porosity and permeability of carbonate rock, the composition of the extracted oil and the efficiency of oil recovery from carbonate rock are discussed. The factors influencing on the increase of oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs were identified.


We read with great interest the recently published case report on dexmedetomidine sedation for dental extraction in a patient with a known difficult airway [1]. Firstly, we would like to congratulate Guinness et al. on their successful anaesthetic management of a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and severe thrombocytopaenia requiring dental extraction. Dexmedetomidine, along with local anaesthetic infiltration, provided safe sedation and resulted in high patient and carer satisfaction. Guinness et al. note in the paper that dexmedetomidinemay have a detrimental effect on haemodynamics andmay cause bradycardia [1]. This can be antagonised by antimuscarinics, but this limits its use, particularly in elderly patients or those with haemodynamic instability. We suggest that remimazolam or esketamine could be used for sedation in similar cases, with less physiological impact on patients and a faster recovery. Remimazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic with rapid onset, elimination and metabolism, which is easily antagonised by flumazenil and has little effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems [2]. Yang et al. compared the sedative effect of remimazolam and dexmedetomidine to facilitate infant echocardiographic examination and found that remimazolam had a faster onset and recovery time vs. dexmedetomidine (2.05 0.69 min versus 14.96 2.69 min onset, and 5.74 1.42 min versus 27.83 6.15 min offset, respectively) [3]. In terms of the rate of `successful ́ sedation, remimazolam was found to be superior to dexmedetomidine (100% versus 82.61%). Additionally, the adverse events of dexmedetomidine (such as bradycardia, hypotension, sedation failure, delayed awakening) were avoided in the remimazolamgroup [3]. Esketamine has the advantage of reliably maintaining spontaneous breathing and providing analgesia [4]. Xin et al. observed that esketamine had a significantly faster onset time and good intra-operative and postoperative analgesic effects when used as sedation for paediatric dental surgery when compared to dexmedetomidine [5]. Liu et al. investigated esketamine versus dexmedetomidine for sedation in children undergoing enhanced computerised tomography examination. They showed that 0.5 mg.kg 1 esketamine had a faster onset and recovery time compared to dexmedetomidine. There were no serious respiratory or circulatory adverse events [6]. Dexmedetomidine has been used for many years, however its side effect profile can limit its use. In the future, remimazolam or esketaminemay prove effective alternatives with a better side effect profile for short procedures.


Measurements of the pressure-temperature variations of the electrical resistivity were made on the antiferromagnetic α-Min and the α-Min 0.92 Fe 0.08 alloy from 4.2 K to room temperature and up to about 8 kbar. The pressure coefficients of the residual resistivity, the spindisorder resistivity and the Neel temperature T N are estimated. The pressure dependence of the resistivtity is discussed in terms of the magnetic superzone boundary effect based on the RKKY mechanism. It is suggested that the resistivity is enhanced by about ten times larger than that in the absence of the magnetic gaps at absolute zere temperature for pure α-Min. The pressure dependence of T N is also discussed with the RKKY interaction, comparing to the variation of T N with the electron-atom ratio at atmospheric pressure.


Hard surface gears drive is considering mainly how to improve the tooth root bending fatigue strength and wear resistance of the teeth. Based on the analysis of sliding ratio, coincidence degree and the gear tooth root bending fatigue strength, basic parameters of gear can be modified to improve strength. Although these gears must be cut by the standard tools, high strength gears are needed in machinery. In this research, intensity experiments were conducted with 42CrMo modified and standard hard surface gears. Experiment results show that the improvements of 42CrMo gear parameters are effective and teeth strength is improved for the modified parameters of gears.


There has been a divergent view regarding the concept and philosophy of African morality. Some aliens tend to cogitate Africa as devoid of morality, moral consciousness and perceive Africa ''as they do not distinguish between good and evil …."(Temple, 1952). This led them into giving all forms of derogatory names to Africans and African morality . With a special focus on Africa, this paper deals with discourses being made on morality in African thought. These discourses displays the ambivalence existed among those scholars seeking to define the foundation of morality in Africa within the parameter of religious episteme, community based, ancestral worship and tabooed verdict. Therefore, this paper will be of great benefit and afford the opportunity of preserving moral values and beliefs of the people not only for future generation but also as a source of wisdom from which the younger generations will benefit. Africans gallant traditions and creative energies need to be rediscovered, promoted and celebrated.  It is momentous that Africa must be candidly studied on its own terms and to mollify its people's needs through indigenous knowledge. In nutshell, this paper deliberates and ascertains what African people actually know, actually believe, and think about the foundations of morality.


Enhancement of 3-dimensional positioning accuracy in PET detector for high resolution PET system Min Sun Lee Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science The Graduate School Seoul National University The positron emission tomography (PET) is a widely used imaging modality that provides biological information at the molecular level . The biological information in molecular and cellular level enable s a new discovery in both preclinical studies and clinical cases . However, due to the fundamental limits of the spatial resolution in the PET system, the effectiveness of PET is limited when diagnosing small -sized lesions. Hence, improving the spatial resolution in PET is important for the maximization of the diagnosing power of the PET system. In this thesis, studies on enhancing 3-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy in PET detector for the high resolution PET system were conducted and presented . The depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding/decoding and inter -c ystal scattering (ICS) event identification technologies were developed and evaluated in the PET detector and system level. Firstly, the DOI encoding PET detector was developed and detector performances were evaluat ed. Maximum-likelihood estimation based DOI decoding methodology was developed and optimization studies in several aspects were conducted to achieve the high z-axis positioning accuracy. Secondly, based on the developed DOI encoding/decoding technologies, a prototy pe DOI PET system was developed and system -level performances were evaluated. Phantom and animal imaging studies were con ducted to evaluate imaging performances of the prototype DOI PET system . The proposed DOI encoding/decoding technology was successfully demonstrated at the system level showing its feasibility for the high resolution PET application. Thirdly, a new ICS event identification method was proposed : a new technology of classifying and identifying ICS events in PET detectors with light sharing d esign, which was not feasible with existing technologies. The propos ed method was validated by conducting simulation and experimental studies . By recovering identified ICS events, which is improving xand y-direction positioning accuracy in the PET detect or, improvement in the PET intrinsic spatial resolution was observed . In conclusion, the technologies developed in this thesis enhanced the spatial resolution of the PET system. Keyword : Positron Emission Tomography, PET detector, High resolution, Depth-of-interaction, Inter -crystal scattering Student Number : 2012-21778


The objective of this project is to obtain a low cost Teslameter, made with free hardware and free software. Arduino has been chosen as an open platform along with other devices, and we have tried the recycling of discarded items at home. All this in order to have a device for the Nikkola Tesla Physics laboratory at ETSINF: created from university for the development of the University. We have developed the analysis, design, implementation and testing of the resulting device, putting into practice different techniques learned during the degree on computer engineering. Moreover we have used different buses of communication and we have corrected the rebound effect of electrical signals. In conclusion, this work involves a complete resolution on an engineering project.


The investigation for conduction and breakdown phenomena in liquid has developed many important theories and has implemented measurement techniques. However, it is difficult to apply these theories to insulating liquids used for power apparatus, because these liquids include some impurities and additives, and the structure of the liquids is complicated. The investigation must be adapted to the actual insulating liquids used for power apparatus. For insulating liquids used for power apparatus, the effects of impurities, especially "water" is the most important problem, but there was no way to understand the behavior of these impurities in the insulating liquid. However the situation or state of water in bulk water and many matrix liquids have been studied. In these studies, the states and hydrogen bonding array structure of water was discussed in microscopic detail, and these results can be applied to the insulating liquid. This paper summarizes the topics of the investigation for conduction and breakdown phenomena, studies for effect of water in insulating liquid, and studies for characteristics of water. Moreover, the latest investigation of water cluster structure in matrix liquid and its effect on electronic conduction phenomena are presented.


Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) causes significant morbidity and a dilemma of whether, when or how to manage in extremely preterm babies. Aim Retrospective observational cohort study of the prevelance, managment and associated morbidities of PDA in preterm babies less than 30+0 weeks gestation. Methods The Badger database was interrogated for babies born less than 30+0 weeks gestation between 01/04/09 and 31/03/12. The prevalence, management and associated morbidities of babies with PDA were compared to those without a PDA. Results 300 babies less than 30+0 gestation were admitted to the tertiary neonatal unit. PDA was confirmed on echocardiography in 192 (64%) babies. 85 babies had medical and/or surgical treatment. Conclusion Our retrospective cohort study demonstrates that despite the reduction in mortality and severe IVH in babies treated with indomethacin or had surgical ligation, their respiratory morbidities remain significant. Early targeted management of PDA may reduce these morbidities. Abstract PO-0497 Table 1 No PDA (n = 108) PDA not treated (n = 107) PDA treated (n = 85) M:F 57:51 54:53 39:46 Median Gestation (range) 28 (27–28) 26 (24–27) 25 (24–26) Median Birth Weight (range) 1087 (839–1222) 785 (656–945) 755 9650–880) Median Ventilation days (range) 2 (1–6) 7 (3–15) 20 (7–29) Median CPAP days (range) 2.5 (0–17) 14 (3–15) 31 (14–42) Supplemental O2 days (range) 8 (2–30) 31 (10–73) 60 (27–100) CLD (36 weeks CGA) 14 (13%) 27 (25%) 35(41%) Home Oxygen 5 (4%) 13 (12%) 14 (16%) NEC 7 96%) 14 (13%) 14 (16%) IVH >Grade 3 11 (10%) 23 (21%) 9 (10.5%) Death 31 (29%) 36 (34%) 13 (15%)


Summary Ovarian cancer causes more than 100,000 deaths globally per year. Despite intensive research efforts there has been little improvement in the overall survival of patients over the past three decades. Most patients are not diagnosed until the cancer is at an advanced stage, by which time their chances of still being alive after five years are appallingly low. Attempts to extend life in these patients have been, for the most part, unsuccessful. This owes partly to the lack of suitable biomarkers for stratifying patients at the molecular level, into responders and nonresponders. This would lead to more drugs being shown to have a clinical benefit and being approved for use in subgroups of patients. On the other hand there is also a desperate need for improved biomarkers for earlier detection of ovarian cancer; if the disease is detected sooner there is a significantly improved outlook. In this review we outline the evidence that miRNAs are deregulated in ovarian cancer, what this can tell us about tumour progression and how it could be used to improve patient stratification in clinical trials. We will also describe the potential for circulating miRNAs, both associated with proteins or carried in vesicles, to be used as diagnostics for earlier detection or as biomarkers for informing clinicians on the prognosis and best treatment of ovarian cancer. Key Points The transcriptional landscape of miRNAs in the blood is altered during ovarian cancer progression; levels correlate with survival and prognosis as shown by numerous studies. miRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles in the blood also appear to reflect the characteristics of the primary ovarian carcinoma. Hence miRNAs as well as EVs are potential biomarkers, providing a bio-accessible route for monitoring the presence and behaviour of tumours in the body.


the author carried out soil sample analysis of the main types of soil of the cultivated land in Taihu County and analyzed the state of supplement of potassium of various types of soil in the whole county. Comparing with the data of the second general survey of soil, it was found the content of rapidly available potassium decreased from 70mg/kg to 50mg/kg and the area of potassium shortage increased 20 percent. The reasons are :insufficient total of spreading potassium, improper proportion of spreading nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, lose of being carried away by rain, etc.The ways of replenishing potassium are: making good use of organic potassium resources sufficiently, tapping mineral resources of potassium from soil sufficiently, and spreading inorganic resources of potassium scientifically.


The theory of the spectral and kinetic properties of the excited electron-hole plasma and of the electromagnetic field is developed in the framework of a nonequilibrium many-body theory. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of the laser-induced energy branches on the transport (intraband kinetics) and nonlinear-optical properties (interband kinetics) of the system.


Quantum mechanics allows one to independently select both the initial and final states of a single system. Such pre- and postselection reveals novel effects that challenge our ideas about what time is and how it flows.


The ecological environments in mountain plain transition zones appear more vulnerable considering the transitional geology and geomorphology conditions. It is vital to study the eco-vulnerability of this special zone for the whole zone's ecological safety. Especially from land use to understand the eco-vulnerability, it is feasible to plan land use and land cover in order to protect the eco-environments. The Huinan County which locates in this zone is taken as study area, based on the analysis of landuse changes, the spatial-temporal characteristics on ecological vulnerability are assessed by using ecological synthetical index which is built according to the evaluation system of ecological value and sensitive factors. The results show that:1) According to the types of land-use, the order of ecological synthetical index is forest land, grass land, water body, unused land, cultivated land and construction land. 2) During the past 20 years, because of the great change of land cover, especially the decreased forest and the increased cultivated land construction land the value of land use contribution index, land use stability index and ecological synthetical index decreased markedly, from 2.999,3.324 and 6.322to 2.828,3.032 and 5.861 respectively. 3) The spatial characteristics on ecological vulnerability change markedly, the mild vulnerability area increase while the severe vulnerability area decrease obviously, detailed description listed as follows: the mild vulnerability area increases from 86550.87 to 98084.83 and the severe vulnerability area decreases from 33217.95 to1283.40 during the past 20 years. 4)all the three ecological indexes of the whole study area decrease. However, great different changes vary obviously in different catchments, which decrease in the southeast region while increase in the northwest ones obviously. From the results we are told that forest land decrease and arable land increase are the main reasons which cause the eco-vulnerability. Reasonable measures for land use plan could be taken to control the land use changes.


Detectivity enhancement up to 20 times is achieved by fabricating a quantum well infrared photodetector as a photonic crystal slab. This enhancement is the combined effect of increased responsivity and noise current reduction. We report a peak detectivity of 2.6E10 cmHz1/2/W at 80 K and were able to operate the device up to 200 K.


This past November, Mark Jaccard gave a keynote address at the Renewable Industries Canada Forum in Ottawa. Renewable Industries Canada is the principal stakeholder representing Canadian producers of clean-burning renewable fuels like ethanol, biodiesel, and renewable diesel. Mark's presentation provided an overview of the Canadian climate policy landscape and ideas for how the renewable fuels industry can participate as Canada moves towards meeting its emission reduction targets.


Our purpose was to review needle aspiration of breast abscesses and identify factors associated with treatment by aspiration alone versus aspiration with surgical incision and drainage (I/D).


This paper presents an analysis of the intersection of boulevard Decarie 'est' and rue Jean-Talon ouest with particular attention to the northbound approach. The analysis of the intersection is based on the procedures set forth in the Highway Capacity Manual Special Report 209, 1985. The northbound approach is unique because it is made up of three service road lanes and one freeway exit lane. The combination of the traffic flow on this approach and its geometric characteristics has led to many accidents. The analysis shows that the intersection is nearing capacity and any increase in flow may cause the intersection to fail. Five theoretical proposals for improvement in capacity and safety were analyzed. Only two of these proposals proved feasible: increasing the cycle length from 70 seconds to 100 seconds; and the construction of a raised median on the northbound approach to channelize the flow. While changing the cycle length theoretically increases the capacity of the intersection, a raised median could provide greater safety on the northbound approach. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD number 872753. (A)


The paper raises selected problems connected with non-electrical quantity measurements in hazardous areas of ships. The main topic of presented paper is concentrated on simplified analysis of restrictions concerning load characteristics of measurement channels and identification of additional errors occurring the current signal transmission under considered conditions. Mathematical description of above mentioned limitations and also simple and communicative graphical method of determination of an admissible area of operation. Additional errors are based on concrete examples such as temperature measurement on liquid gas tankers.


This survey provides a comprehensive review of existing physical carrier sensing enhancements for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. The original physical carrier sensing mechanism, used by wireless stations to gain access to the medium, is limited. Consequently, IEEE 802.11 networks are vulnerable to the presence of hidden and exposed nodes. Such nodes can significantly decrease system performance by increasing the collision rate and decreasing the channel spatial reuse. The value of the physical carrier sensing threshold is a key factor influencing the presence of hidden and exposed nodes in a wireless network. Several enhancements have been proposed in the literature, which attempt to mitigate the loss in performance caused by the limited carrier sensing. Firstly, the notion of an optimum carrier sensing threshold has been studied, and results indicate that it can be tuned to an optimum value. Building on the positive early results, further work was performed to develop mechanisms that dynamically adjust the threshold according to varying network conditions. This article presents an in-depth survey of the existing literature in the area, detailing the various approaches and their efficacy in addressing the problem of hidden and exposed nodes (and consequently increasing performance). It offers a comparison of the techniques, by evaluating the models, limitations, assumptions, and performance gains.


Ice damage to loblolly pine plantations is a recurrent problem in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas with significant ice events occurring recently in 1995, twice in 2000, and in 2007. Following ice damage, forest owners need to decide to clear-cut and replant, thin or partial cut to rehabilitate, or take no action. A quantitative assessment of tree and stand growth in response to varying levels of ice induced crown damage is currently lacking that would allow informed decisions regarding stand termination or continuance.


Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become the seat of researchers' attention recently due to their proficiency to explore underwater areas and design different applications for marine discovery and oceanic surveillance. One of the main objectives of each deployed underwater network is discovering the optimized path over sensor nodes to transmit the monitored data to onshore station. The process of transmitting data consumes energy of each node, while energy is limited in UWSNs. So energy efficiency is a challenge in underwater wireless sensor network. Dual sinks vector based forwarding (DS-VBF) takes both residual energy and location information into consideration as priority factors to discover an optimized routing path to save energy in underwater networks. The modified routing protocol employs dual sinks on the water surface which improves network lifetime. According to deployment of dual sinks, packet delivery ratio and the average end to end delay are enhanced. Based on our simulation results in comparison with VBF, average end to end delay reduced more than 80%, remaining energy increased 10%, and the increment of packet reception ratio was about 70%.


Field effect transistor with a thin palladium electrode annealed in high hydrogen concentration atmosphere was characterized as a hydrogen gas sensor at the operation temperature of 100/spl deg/C in the flowing dry air mixed with hydrogen gas ranged from I to 10,000ppm. The response of threshold voltage from the base-level to the steady-state was achieved within 1 minute, and the recovery time to the 1ppm level was 2-4 minutes. The base-level drift observed in the continuous operation over 3 months was smaller than 30mV/month. The dipole model adapted to the Langmuir equation well describes the observed hydrogen response of the FET gas sensor, and the one-point calibration in the implementation of the hydrogen detector may be possible by use of the Langmuir relationship.


On the basis of Bourdieu's writing and the domestic and foreign research related to Bourdieu,this article examines three main original theories of the sociological education from the studying of Bourdieu,including phenomenology,the traditional epistemology of France and the structuralism.This article rebuild the structure of Bourdieu's sociological education from three aspects:methodology,core concept and theoretical support.We consider that"Relationism"is the methodology thought in Bourdieu's sociology of education;"Capital","Habits"and "Field"are the core concepts of Bourdieu's sociology of education;and cultural capital theory is an important theoretical support of Bourdieu's sociology of education.The academic charm of Bourdieu's sociological education is the critical thinking and the self-examination,which is different from others.It focuses on analyzing the logic of reproduction,which exists in the field of education:the classification that exists in the system of school education actually shows how external power field works on internal power field,and this kind of classification gets further strengthened and legalized by the unique operation of internal education field.