Location accessibility improvement can make residential location selection scope expand.Building of the metro can not only improve location accessibility,but the changing of the situation of residential supply and demand.According to the urban economics,and by using the bid-rent model,this paper discusses the different income groups of residence land distribution,pointing out that the location accessibility improvement changes the bid-rent model,and deduces the bid-rent model changing conditions.And then by using statistic analysis of 145 flats data of the 2.5 years before and after the building of Xi′an metro line No.2 the paper confirms the conclusion of the theoretical analysis.


Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a significantly growing field in the environmental sector due to its ability to solve problems, make decisions, and recognize patterns. The significance of AI in wildlife acoustic monitoring is particularly important because of the vast amounts of data that are available in this field, which can be leveraged for computer vision and interpretation. Despite the increasing use of AI in wildlife ecology, its future in acoustic wildlife monitoring remains uncertain. To assess its potential and identify future needs, a scientific literature review was conducted on 54 works published between 2015 and March 2022. The results of the review showed a significant rise in the utilization of AI techniques in wildlife acoustic monitoring over this period, with birds (N = 26) gaining the most popularity, followed by mammals (N = 12). The most commonly used AI algorithm in this field was Convolutional Neural Network, which was found to be more accurate and beneficial than previous categorization methods in acoustic wildlife monitoring. This highlights the potential for AI to play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of wildlife populations and ecosystems. However, the results also show that there are still gaps in our understanding of the use of AI in wildlife acoustic monitoring. Further examination of previously used AI algorithms in bioacoustics research can help researchers better understand patterns and identify areas for improvement in autonomous wildlife monitoring. In conclusion, the use of AI in wildlife acoustic monitoring is a rapidly growing field with a lot of potential. While significant progress has been made in recent years, there is still much to be done to fully realize the potential of AI in this field. Further research is needed to better understand the limitations and opportunities of AI in wildlife acoustic monitoring, and to develop new algorithms that can improve the accuracy and usefulness of this technology.


Interactions of RNA and DNA with proteins are crucial for elucidating intracellular processes
in living organisms, diagnosing disorders, designing aptamer drugs, and other applications.
Therefore, investigating the relationships between these macromolecules is essential to life science research.
This study proposes an online network provider tool (NaProGraph) that offers an intuitive and
user-friendly interface for studying interactions between nucleic acids (NA) and proteins.
NaProGraph utilizes a comprehensive and curated dataset encompassing nearly all interacting macromolecules
in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank
(PDB). Researchers can employ this online tool to focus on a specific portion of the PDB, investigate
its associated relationships, and visualize and extract pertinent information. This tool provides insights
into the frequency of atoms and residues between proteins and nucleic acids (NAs) and the similarity
of the macromolecules' primary structures. Furthermore, the functional similarity of proteins can be
inferred using protein families and clans from Pfam.
The tool we have developed is publicly available at https://naprolink.com/NaProGraph/

Interactions between RNA and DNA with proteins are crucial for elucidating intracellular processes in living organisms, diagnosing disorders, designing aptamer drugs, and other applications. Therefore, investigating the relationships between these macromolecules is essential to life science research.

This study proposes an online network provider tool (NaProGraph) that offers an intuitive and user-friendly interface for studying interactions between nucleic acids (NA) and proteins. NaProGraph utilizes a comprehensive and curated dataset encompassing nearly all interacting macromolecules in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (PDB). Researchers can employ this online tool to focus on a specific portion of the PDB, investigate its associated relationships, and visualize and extract pertinent information. This tool provides insights into the frequency of atoms and residues between proteins and NAs and the similarity of the macromolecules' primary structures. Furthermore, the functional similarity of proteins can be inferred using protein families and clans from Pfam.

The NaProGraph tool serves as an effective online resource for researchers interested in studying interactions between nucleic acids and proteins. By leveraging a comprehensive dataset and providing various visualization and extraction capabilities, NaProGraph facilitates the exploration of macromolecular relationships and aids in understanding intracellular processes in living organisms.

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Phenomenology of time in Pauline epistles philosophy of history and the deaths that precede ours "Nur Geistiges ist Schrecklich" - freedom and spiritual evil in Schelling favour - on the Kantian sublime the late Athens address on art De Man's Heidegger Heidegger "Silentio" encounter with Scheler destructive retrieval of John the phenomenon of placelessness ryle and phenomenology already bored with the hyperreal.


Gas flaring is a global problem affecting oil-producing countries. The Nigerian petroleum industry is not an exemption. Gas flaring is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gas, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and climate change. The study aims to offer legal panaceas to the menace of gas flaring, which has affected Nigeria's economy. Many scholars have raised concerns and the need for discontinuance of gas flaring in Nigeria due to its adverse effect on oil-producing areas and human health. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research method, exploring both primary and secondary sources of information to achieve its aim. The study finds that weak enforcement of the existing anti-gas-flaring laws in Nigeria made some oil companies flare gas. The study designs a hybrid model or mechanism for combating the menace and advocates that defaulting companies should be made to pay dearly for violation of anti-gas-flaring laws to promote the commercialisation of fled gas. The study recommends stringent enforcement of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 and advocates replication of the provisions of the anti-gas-flaring laws of other advanced climes, especially the selected case-study countries where gas flaring has been abated. The study further advocates the need for the use of sophisticated or advanced technologies in oil and gas operations. In conclusion, it is believed that if the government adopts and implements stringent laws, it would combat gas flaring in Nigeria.


Darwinism is setting a new research agenda across the related fields of palaeoanthropology, evolutionary psychology and theoretical linguistics (Dunbar 1993; Hurford 1989, 1992; Pinker & Bloom 1990; Steele & Shennan 1996). It is now widely accepted that no other theoretical framework has equivalent potential to solve the major outstanding problems in human origins research. Rival paradigms from the human and social sciences — Freudian, Piagetian, Chomskyan, Levi-Straussian — cannot explain evolved human mentality because they already assume this as a basic premise. Tried and tested as a methodology applicable to the social behaviour of all living organisms (Dawkins 1976; Hamilton 1964; Trivers 1985), Darwinism makes no such assumptions, thereby avoiding circularity. Modern Darwinism seeks to harmonize research into human life with the rest of scientific knowledge. This project depends, however, on accounting for the emergence of symbolic culture, including speech, a system of communication unparalleled elsewhere in biology. While Darwinians confidently expect an explanation (Pinker & Bloom 1990), it has to be admitted that, to date, no compelling account has been advanced. In this chapter, I treat speech as a revolutionary development made possible by the establishment of novel levels of social co-operation. In this, I follow Maynard Smith and Szathmary (1995), who provide a Darwinian game-theoretic perspective on the origins of human social cooperation, including speech. They view the momentous process as one of a limited number of 'major transitions' during life's evolution on Earth. Each such transition is revolutionary in that it involves a relatively sudden and dramatic restructuring, like the breaking of a log-jam. The preceding barrier to the new level of complexity, discernible with


You have probably heard the saying, "Laughter is the best medicine." Many medical studies show that laughter has both physical and mental benefits, but in today's fastpaced stressful world, there is definitely a lack of laughter. People get so caught up in the have-to's and should-do's that they forget to lighten up. Laughter and humor are two powerful tools that can help people cope and get through threatening situations. Looking at life's situations with a sense of humor and laughter provides perspective and helps keep things in balance when life seems unfair.


I N bacteriophage T4D gene 43 controls the synthesis of the viral specific DNA polymerase. In order to study the fine structure of that gene in the related strain T4B, we obtained about 3,000 amber mutants induced by hydroxylamine. Fifty-two of these mutants proved by preliminary test methods to be defective in gene 43. Verification of this defect was obtained by quantitative complementa-tion tests with a T4D gene 43 reference mutant, amB22. Forty-four of these mutants were mapped by two-factor crosses. A genetic map of gene 43 is in Figure On the genetic maps of phage T4D gene 43 is localized between genes 42 and 62. As indicated in the figure, in phage T4B the location of gene 43 is the same.


It article emphasizes that the works of Eastern and Western literature such as Navoi, Babur, Shakespeare, Goethe have always been in common, and have always advocated social justice in the works. When it is reached, it will give feedback on the progress of society in every way. The article says that the global economic crisis that is shaking the world today is largely due to neglect of spirituality, increased self-esteem in the minds of many, and the widespread ignorance of people a common alienation that results from the ignorance of classical literature.


Reports of quantitative experimental results often distinguish between the statistical uncertainty and the systematic uncertainty that characterize measurement outcomes. This article discusses the practice of estimating systematic uncertainty in high-energy physics (HEP). The estimation of systematic uncertainty in HEP should be understood as a minimal form of quantitative robustness analysis. The secure evidence framework is used to explain the epistemic significance of robustness analysis. However, the empirical value of a measurement result depends crucially not only on the resulting systematic uncertainty estimate, but on the learning aims for which that result will be used. Important conceptual and practical questions regarding systematic uncertainty assessment call for further investigation. 1 Introduction 2 Systematic Uncertainty: The Very Idea 3 Systematic Uncertainty in High-Energy Physics 4 Methodological Debates in High-Energy Physics 5 The Secure Evidence Framework 6 Systematic Uncertainty Assessment as Robustness Analysis 7 Security and Sensitivity 8 Conclusion Appendix  1 Introduction 2 Systematic Uncertainty: The Very Idea 3 Systematic Uncertainty in High-Energy Physics 4 Methodological Debates in High-Energy Physics 5 The Secure Evidence Framework 6 Systematic Uncertainty Assessment as Robustness Analysis 7 Security and Sensitivity 8 Conclusion Appendix


A method for producing a sliding contact (1, 10) comprising a contact support (2, 10) and at least two contacts (4, 14) of a noble metal or an alloy comprising at least one noble metal, characterized by the steps of A) a metal strip and at least one noble metal belt are provided; B) from the metal strip is formed a contact carrier strip (10) having a plurality of continuous and homogeneous contact carrier parts (12), in particular punched, said contact supports (12) each having a receiving surface for conductively mounting a plurality of contacts (4, 14) include; C) from the precious metal tape or the noble metal bands are a plurality of preferably equally long strips (4, manufactured 14), particularly stamped or cut; D) (on the receiving surfaces of the contact support portions 12), the noble metal strip before the strip (4, 14) is produced or the noble metal strips before the strips (4, 14) are produced parallel to one another or to adjacent strips (4 parallel, 14) with the laid flat side to the receiving surface, wherein the noble metal tape or the noble metal bands are attached to conductive first at the receiving surface and then the strips (4, 14) are produced, preferably a strip (4, 14) is separated from at least one fastened to the receiving surface noble metal band , particularly preferably cut or die cut, wherein the separated strips (4, 14) comprises mounting on the receiving surface and conductively secured in this position, in particular welded or soldered, so that the strips (4, 14) (the contacts 4, 14 ) of the brush (1, 10 form).


Brevicoryne brassicae is highly host-specific, feeding almost exclusively on the phloem sap of Brassica or other closely related plant species. Despite the evolution of specific feeding apparatus and the protection afforded by the stylet sheath, aphids may be exposed to sufficient amounts of secondary plant compounds transported by the phloem to reflect the suitability of potential species as host plants. Glucosinolates are the characteristic secondary plant compounds of brassi-ca crops, responsible for the odour and flavour and are major determinants in the feeding response of the Brassica specialist B. brassicae. When glucosinolate profiles of some partially-resistant cauliflower varieties were analyzed, increased concentrations of 2-phenylethylglucosinolate were detected (Kazantzidou et al., 1994). The glucosinolate content of brassica crops can be altered as a systemic response to plant signalling molecules such as salicylic acid (Kiddle et al., 1994). 2-Phenylethylglucosinolate showed the greatest increase in concentration in oilseed rape within days of treatment with 10 mM root drench of the abiotic elicitor salicylic acid.


Experimental studies were made of the unsettled currents in counter condensers. Experimental and theoretical data are correlated, and the practical efficiency of the counters is evaluated. (tr-auth)


A particularity of fashion heritage lies in its capacity to renew the narrative forms of appearance woven between designers, producers and consumers, considering that forms of appearance are forms of expression of the "I" and the "We" (Simmel, G., American Journal of Sociology 62, 541-548, 1957;Crane, D., Fashion and its social agendas: class, gender, and identity in clothing. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2000), with a strong repercussion in social terms, influencing the wellbeing and the construction of the life project of each and every individual. From this fact derives the power that fashion has been exercising throughout history. The diversity of fashion objects and the techniques and expertise related to their production, selling and use, and the multidisciplinary research based on all these aspects, contribute to the transmission of these narratives, raising the question of the definition and justification of heritage. Each of the case studies in this book reveals different social, political, economic and cultural motivations for the desire to 'make heritage'. In a context of climate change and the unprecedented health crisis linked to the Covid-19 epidemic, the fashion and clothing industries have lessons to learn from the past and a reflection to make about the present and the future. It is within this frame that we propose a reflection on the role narratives play in the construction of knowledge and creativity, with knowledge and creativity at the core of what may be considered fashion heritage. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022


Objective To investigate the mechanism of immune escape in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods The Fas and Ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemical technique in 44 cases of RCC.Cytokines were used to induce the expression of the renal carcinoma cell lines 786-0 and GRC-1.Combined treatment of 786-0 and GRC-1 with cytokines and Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (FasAb) was performed to induce apoptosis.Results (1) Fas expression rate in RCC was lower than that in the controlled normal kidney tissues (P 0.01).Ki-67 expression rate in RCC was 32.8%.The expression of Fas and Ki-67 had a negative correlation (r= -0.62, P 0.05).The Fas expression of stage Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.(2) IFN-γ and IFN-α could up-regulate the Fas expression and subsequently augmente the Fas-mediated apoptosis in 786-0 and GRC-1 cells,but IL-2 and TNF-α had no same effects.The combination of TNF-α and IFN-α synergistically enhanced the Fas expression and FasAb-mediated apoptosis of 786-0 and GRC-1 cells.Conclusion Down-regulation of Fas expression is one of mechanisms for RCC cells to escape immune attack.by enhancement of Fas expression,IFN-γ and IFN-α augmenting the Fas-mediated apoptosis of RCC cells.


In traffic-monitoring systems, numerous vision-based approaches have been used to detect vehicle parameters. However, few of these approaches have been used in waterway transport because of the complexity created by factors such as rippling water and lack of calibration object. In this paper, we present an approach to detecting the parameters of a moving ship in an inland river.This approach involves interactive calibration without a calibration reference. We detect a moving ship using an optimized visual foreground detection algorithm that eliminates false detection in dynamic water scenarios, and we detect ship length, width, speed,and flow. We trialed our parameter-detection technique in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and found that detection accuracy was greater than 90% for all parameters.


Structure and stiffness of nucleic acids are closely related to viral infectivity. The article is aimed to clarify a recent controversy on structure variation of viral DNA in temperature-dependent experiments. A multi-scale correlation between microscopic structure of viral DNA and its bulk stiffness is formulated by presenting a two-zone mesoscopic free energy model. Results reveal that the increasing temperature promotes DNA structure transformation from order to disorder, and leads to size effect on temperature-dependency of stiffness and structure of viral DNA.


The effect of clay organophilization on mechanical, morphological and thermo-mechanical behavior of polyamide-6/acrylonitrile-EPDM (ethylene/propylene/diene elastomer)-styrene blends was studied. Three nanoclays were used for the preparation of nanocomposites: two commercial organically modified montmorillonites (Cloisite®30B and Cloisite® 20A) and an unmodified sodium montmorillonite (Cloisite®Na+). We used wide angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy and mechanical tests to evaluate the effect of clay modification on the morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The thermo-mechanical properties were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis and heat distortion temperature (HDT). The results show that the modification of clay affected simultaneously the degree of PA6 matrix reinforcement, dispersion of the clay lamellas in the blend and size of the dispersed phase AES. The incorporation of different nanoclays increase the elastic modulus of all the ternary nanocomposites compared to the neat blend. An increase in the toughness is obtained only for systems with Cloisite®Na+. A significant increment in the storages modulus and HDT was observed by the incorporation of Cloisite®30B in the PA6/AES blends.


sustainability. Therefore, we employed an open-field pepper production system to investigate soil nitrate variation, pepper growth and yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The following fertilization treatments were established; three types of fertigation ratio, basal and topdressing (100:0, 50:50 and 30:70), and three types of basal fertilizers, chemical fertilizer (CF), slow release fertilizer (SRF) and livestock compost (LC)+CF as a ratio of 50:50. The CF 50:50, which is widely practiced by farmers in South Korea, was used as a control group to compare with other treatments. Soil nitrate from transplanting until 36 days after transplanting (DAT) ranged from 20 to 60 mg kg -1 except for CF 100:0 and SRF 100:0, indicating significant higher concentrations. Compared to the control, marketable pepper yield was significantly greater, and the difference was not observed by both ferti-gation ratio and the types of basal fertilizer. The NUE (fruit yield/N applied, kg kg -1 ) was significantly higher in CF 100:0, LC+CF 50:50 and LC+CF 30:70, and higher N availability (NutE) showed in fertigation ratio (50:50) and basal fertilizer (LC+CF). Our results clearly represented that the combined application of LC+CF as a basal fertilizer with 50:50 of fertigation ratio could achieve the benefits of sustainable yield, higher NUE and reduced potential soil nitrate leaching in an open-field pepper production system in South Korea.


A rare case of hemangioendotheliosarcoma is presented. Our review of the literature confirms the difficulties we encountered in arriving at a correct clinical and pathologic diagnosis of this tumor, which seldom appears in the oral cavity, tends to be aggressive, and has a serious prognosis.


One of the outcomes of the meeting held at the United Arab Emirates University between October 5 and 6, 1993, titled Workshop on Arabic Online Cataloging Network was the creation of a committee charged with the responsibility of laying the foundations for the standards to handle Arabic machine readable data for bibliographic control. This paper highlights the status of machine readable bibliographic control in the Arabian Gulf countries and lists measures to be taken in establishing standards for Arabic machine readable data.


The paper introduces a method of simulating dual-port RAM with SRAM by TDMA in the data collecting system composed of an M 51 microprocessor. Thus the expensive dual-port RAM can be replaced and the area of PCB reduced. It has been proved in practice that the method is stable and reliable.


L ðSÞ eff 1⁄2J 1⁄4 1 2 ð þ þ 2 ÞJ ðhþmþm Þh J ðhþmþÞðhþm Þ þ J mþ þ hþmþ m 2 hþm2 @ J : Consequently, the effective action does not depend upon the parameter 1⁄4 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi mþ=m p for arbitrary positive values of mþ andm in contrast to the claim in the paper that this only occurs for mþ 1⁄4 m ( 1⁄4 1). Furthermore, the corrected effective action is now invariant under the symmetry J ! J @ as expected. Lastly, we notice two typographical errors: We must replace by in Eq. (5) and by in the second formula of Eq. (10). PHYSICAL REVIEW D 79, 109902(E) (2009)


Objective: To characterize the effects of a sustained-release formulation of fampridine (fampridine-SR) on QT interval in healthy subjects. Methods: In a double-blind, double-dummy trial, healthy subjects were randomized to 5 days treatment with fampridine-SR at therapeutic (10 mg twice daily) or supratherapeutic (30 mg twice daily) doses, placebo or moxifloxacin (400 mg on treatment day 5). Digital 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded before treatment and on day 5; blood samples determined fampridine concentrations. Central tendency analysis determined whether the upper limit of the CI for the QT (individual-corrected QT; QTcI) interval change exceeded 10 ms. Outlier analysis determined new-onset QT (corrected QT; QTc) intervals; maximum change in QTc from baseline of 30 – 60 ms and maximum change from baseline ≥ 60 ms. The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and QTcI values is explored. Results: Moxifloxacin was associated with a QTcI interval increase > 5 ms at 7 time points; no increase was observed with either dose of fampridine-SR; there were no fampridine outliers. Pharmacokinetic evaluation failed to find dose-dependent cardiac effects. Fampridine was well tolerated, with a higher frequency of adverse events at the supratherapeutic dose. Conclusion: This study showed that fampridine-SR at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses was not associated with QT prolongation in healthy subjects.


Objective: To investigate the effects of Shengmai drink(生脉饮) on nitric oxide(NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods: The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group,ALI group,Shengmai drink group and dexamethasone group.LPS was injected into the sublingual vein of rats to prepare ALI models.Macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed and biological indexes including lung wet weight/dry weight,the ratio of neutrophils and protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid((BALF),) pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary alveolar permeability index were detected.(Meanwhile),the activities of serum NO and lung tissue homogenate iNOS were measured.Results: Lung histopathological examination showed the injury and cellular infiltration in the pulmonary stroma and alveoli were more prominent in the ALI group than that in the control group.Lung wet weight/dry weight,the(ratio) of neutrophils and protein content in BALF,pulmonary alveolar(permeability) index,pulmonary vascular(permeability) were significantly increased,NO and iNOS were also markedly elevated in the ALI group((P0.05) or(P0.01)). Compared with ALI group,in the dexamethasone and Shengmai drink groups,the histopathological changes were significantly milder,and the above biological indexes of lung injury and the contents of NO and iNOS were correspondingly(decreased)(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion: (Dexamethasone) and Shengmai drink have protective effect on LPS induced ALI and theirtherapeutic mechanism is possibly via inhibiting the activities of NO and iNOS.


The title evidently presupposes that an essence of religious experience exists and that such an essence is knowable. Otherwise, the effort to discover such essence and to establish it for the understanding would be vain and futile. On this account, no statement about the essence of religious experience in Islam or any other religion can afford to overlook these methodological assumptions, or fail to establish them critically. Moreover, it is quite conceivable that some religions would granted they have an essence regard its critical establishment for the understanding as irreligious or even necessarily false. For the investigator to flout such attitude on the part of the religion in question is to commit the reductionist fallacy and hence to vitiate his own findings. This cannot be avoided unless the religion itself blesses the attempt, that is to say, unless it admits readily and unequivocally that it has an essence and that this essence is knowable. Three questions therefore mustt be answered in the positive before we proceed to our task; namely: Does the Islamic religious experience have an essence? Is it critically knowable? Does its critical establishment violate any constituent element of that experience? To my knowledge, no Muslim thinker has ever denied that his religion has an essence. Granted that the question itself is a modern question and that the thinkers of the Middle Ages did not raise it in the manner we do today, we can still say with certainty that for all of them, Islam was religion, religion par excellence, indeed "the religion"; that it was a coherent, autonomous system of truths about reality, of imperatives for action and of desiderata for all kinds and levels of human activity. All of them affirmed that at the center of


Abstract The service sector in general has become far more important in recent decades. This development can also be seen with respect to services in the investment goods industry or in the so called provision of industrial services. This paper raises the issue that industrial services are the main growth driver of today's economies and have a major potential for companies to increase their revenues. After the introduction and a short definition of services and service systems the paper will clarify the importance of industrial services on a theoretical basis. The paper aims to enhance the service systems model to broaden the understanding of the development of service innovations in the investment goods industry. The service systems approach will be used to discuss the influences on the development of service innovations on a theoretical basis.


In this study, three signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) transcripts were cloned in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and named gcSTAT4-1, gcSTAT4-2 and gcSTAT4-3, separately, according to the length of the nucleic acid sequence. The gcSTAT4-1 contains 2202 bp nucleic acids and encodes 733 amino acids with four conserved domains of STAT family members. The gcSTAT4-2 has 1166 bp nucleic acids encoding an interaction domain and a coiled-coil domain. And the gcSTAT4-3 has 959 bp nucleic acids encoding an interaction domain. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that the gcSTAT4-1 shared 56.41∼59.82% amino acid identities with the its orthologues of human, mouse, chicken, frog and shared a high identity (92.28%) with zebrafish STAT4. Moreover, two sites (Y683 and S710) that exist in the C-terminal of gcSTAT4-1 were found corresponding to the classical phosphorylation sites (Y693 and S721) in mammalian STAT4, indicating similar activating way of STAT4 in fish and mammal. Further tissue distribution assay showed that gcSTAT4-1 was mainly expressed in the gut. Subsequently, the overexpression of gcSTAT4-1 in EPC cells revealed it could translocate into the nucleus after treatment with rgcIL-12. In addition to the presence of a few STAT4 variants in grass carp, our results suggested that grass carp STAT4 had conserved functional domains, phosphorylation sites, and nuclear translocation ability as seen in mammals.


The Nepal region, between the Ganges plain and the Tibetan Plateau, shows the great effects of the orogenetic deformation which started between 40 and 55 Ma, following the collision between the Indian and Asiatic continental plates. Today the Himalayan chain and the Tibetan plateau are some of the best manifestations of the collision process.

Data from a geodetic network in Eastern Nepal were employed to study the motion of the crust in this recently evolved area. The data were collected by means of the Global Positioning System; this geodetic space technique can achieve a centimetric resolution in coordinate definition and baseline computation for observation sites, even those located at long distances away and it provides a powerful new tool for the comprehension of the dynamics of active tectonic regions.


The photolysis of matrine and total alkaloids in Sophora alopecuroides in the sunlight and the UV-light were studied.In the sunlight or UV-light,the matrine and total alkaloids in S.(alopecuroides) were photolysised rapidly,both of them with half-lifes of less than one hour.In order to(inhibit) the photolysis of matrine and total alkaloids in S.alopecuroides and enhance their photostability,eleven photostabilizers were selected as photolysis inhibitors of matrine and total alkaloids in S.(alopecuroi)des.The result shows that all the eleven photostabilizers exhibited the effects of photolysis(inhibition),especially TBHQ(Tertiary-butylhydroquinone)with the best effects of inhibition.


ABSTRACT This article suggests that catalogers can provide authority control for authors of journal articles by linking to external international authority databases. It explores the representation of article authors from three disciplines in four databases: International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI), Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), Scopus, and Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). VIAF and Scopus are particularly promising databases for journal author names, but we believe that a combination of several name databases holds more promise than relying on a single database. We provide examples of RDF links between bibliographic description and author identifiers, including a partial BIBFRAME 2.0 description


Question In patients 50 years of age with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease or risk factors, does oral semaglutide increase risk for CV events? Methods Design Randomized placebo-controlled trial (Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment [PIONEER] 6 trial). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02692716. Allocation Concealed.* Blinding Blinded* (patients, clinicians, and outcome adjudicators). Follow-up period Median 16 months. Setting 214 clinical centers in 21 countries. Patients 3183 adults who had type 2 diabetes (mean age 66 y, 68% men) and were 50 years of age with established CV disease or chronic kidney disease or were 60 years of age with CV risk factors only. Exclusion criteria included New York Heart Association class 4 heart failure; long-term or intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or severe renal impairment; planned coronary-, carotid-, or peripheral artery revascularization; proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy resulting in active treatment; treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, or pramlintide in the past 90 days; or myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina or transient ischemic attack in the past 60 days. Intervention Oral semaglutide, target dose 14 mg/d, achieved using a dose-escalation schedule (n =1591), or placebo (n =1592). Outcomes Major adverse cardiac events (composite of death from CV or undetermined causes, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke). Secondary outcomes included components of the primary composite outcome, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, and death from any cause. The prespecified noninferiority limit for the primary outcome was 1.8 (upper boundary of the 2-sided 95% CI around the hazard ratio). Patient follow-up >99% (intention-to-treat analysis). Main results The results are in the Table. Conclusion In patients 50 years of age with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease or risk factors, oral semaglutide did not increase risk for CV events compared with placebo. Oral semaglutide vs placebo in adults 50 y of age with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease or risk factors Outcomes Events/100 person-y At a median 16 mo Oral semaglutide Placebo RRR (95% CI) NNT (CI) Major adverse cardiac events 2.9 3.7 21% (11 to 42) Not significant Death from CV or undetermined causes 0.7 1.4 51% (8 to 73) 104 (73 to 664) Nonfatal stroke 0.6 0.8 26% (57 to 65) Not significant Death from any cause 1.1 2.2 49% (16 to 69) 74 (52 to 226) Hospitalization for heart failure 1.0 1.2 14% (54 to 52) Not significant RRI (CI) NNH Nonfatal myocardial infarction 1.8 1.5 18% (27 to 88) Not significant Hospitalization for unstable angina 0.5 0.3 56% (40 to 299) Not significant Abbreviations defined in Glossary. RRR, RRI, NNT, and CI calculated from placebo event rates and hazard ratios in article. Death from CV or undetermined causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Criterion for noninferiority was met because the upper limit of the 2-sided 95% CI of the hazard ratio (0.79, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.11) was <1.8. Commentary The REWIND, PIONEER 6, and PIONEER 4 trials provide evidence for benefits of GLP-1RAs for treating type 2 diabetes. GLP-1RAs have several benefits beyond glucose lowering, such as weight loss and negligible hypoglycemia risk, which make them an attractive treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes. With results from REWIND, we now have evidence that 3 GLP-1RAs on the market are also associated with CV benefit in patients with, or at high risk for, CV disease (1, 2). Liraglutide was the first GLP-1RA shown to reduce risk for CV events in a population of whom the majority had CV disease and high CV risk (4-y placebo event rate 15%) (1). A subsequent trial showed that subcutaneous semaglutide reduced risk for CV events in a lower-risk population (4-y placebo event rate 8.9%) (2), and its weekly administration offered greater convenience than daily liraglutide for some patients. The REWIND trial showed that another weekly GLP-1RA, dulaglutide, reduced risk for major CV events in patients at substantially lower CV risk than in other trialsonly 32% of patients had CV disease, and the 5-year placebo event rate was 2.7%. These findings suggest that the CV benefits of GLP-1RAs probably extend to patients with type 2 diabetes and CV risk factors, rather than only patients with CV disease. As with the CV benefits of some SGLT2 inhibitors (3, 4), the CV benefits of GLP-1RAs are probably not a result of glucose lowering alone (5). Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors have beneficial effects on weight and blood pressure, and GLP-1RAs may also improve endothelial function, endothelial cell responses to ischemia, and platelet function (6). All approved GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection, which, along with cost and gastrointestinal side effects, remains a barrier to their use. However, evidence is accumulating for the safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide, the first orally administered GLP-1RA. It has been shown to be superior to the commonly used oral medication, sitagliptin, for HbA1c and weight reduction (7). Results of PIONEER 6 provide evidence of the CV safety of oral semaglutide. Patients who received oral semaglutide had nonsignificantly lower rates of CV events and death than placebo-treated patients, with relative risk reductions comparable to those of REWIND and other GLP-1RA trials (1, 2). Although noninferiority was confirmed, statistically significant CV superiority was not shown. Because the trial was designed to test for noninferiority, its short duration (16 mo) and low number of events probably limited the power to determine a CV benefit of oral semaglutide. PIONEER 4 was the first trial to directly compare oral semaglutide with another GLP-1RA. Compared with liraglutide, the most commonly used GLP-1RA, oral semaglutide showed a similar reduction in HbA1c and, surprisingly, greater weight loss. Gastrointestinal side effects and discontinuation rates were similar between the 2 treatments, making oral semaglutideonce it is approveda comparably effective and tolerable GLP-1RA option for patients wanting to avoid injections. That it must be taken daily on an empty stomach with half a glass of water 30 minutes before food intake may be cumbersome for some patients, who may favor the convenience of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide or dulaglutide. Patients at higher CV risk may also prefer the weekly options due to their proven CV benefit. The results of these trials add to the growing evidence regarding GLP-1RA treatment to help guide treatment decisions. These results further endorse the CV benefits of GLP-1RAs in lower-risk populations and provide support for oral semaglutide as a promising alternative to current subcutaneously administered agents. Whether oral semaglutide has comparable CV-lowering benefits to subcutaneous GLP-1RAs remains to be confirmed.


This article demythologizes the expedient and costly operation for a "superpanopticon" in the Athens 2004 Olympics, the first Summer Olympic Games after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The Olympic industry, reflecting international and interconnected political—economic, governmental, and corporate interests, exploited real and perceived terrorist threats to prescribe extremely high security requirements. The Athens 2004 Olympics was used as a testing ground for the latest antiterrorist superpanoptic technology, which crucially failed to work. The central surveillance integration security system (C4I), planned by Science Applications International Corporation, could not be implemented on time for the games; hence, the security of the last Athens Olympics was dependent on conventional means. Using primary and secondary sources, the article inquires into the interesting and troublesome story of the deficient electronic surveillance system, which became a technological nightmare. It raises serious skepticism about the real antiterrorist efficiency of high-tech surveillance systems.


the problem of quality training of future officers of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires not only a high level of their training in the chosen specialty, but also the development of physical and psychological qualities, the formation of military-applied motor abilities and skills, which will contribute to ensuring the effective performance of assigned tasks. Achieving the specified tasks is facilitated by practicing military sports, among which sports orientation occupies an important place. Sports orienteering classes, along with the development of basic physical qualities, contribute to the formation of abilities and skills to quickly navigate the environment and terrain, analyze it and make the right decisions quickly, work in a team, etc. the introduction of sports orientation to the physical training of cadets of higher military educational institutions (HmEI) during the sports and mass work (SmW) will also contribute to improving their motivation for regular physical activity, increasing interest in systematic physical exercises. Aim and methods. the aim is to investigate the motivational and value attitude of cadets to physical training and sports classes. methods: analysis, synthesis and generalization of literary sources, questionnaires. 504 servicemen (492 cadets, 12 officers) took part in the survey. the study was conducted in 2020-2021 at S. P. Koroliov Zhytomyr military Institute. Results. It was found that as the year of study increases, the cadets' interest in traditional classes of SmW decreases (from 51.3% in the 1st year to 17.9 % in the 5th year). It was found that the main cause of the mentioned problem is the insufficient variety of modern means of physical training and sports. It was established that 100 % of the interviewed cadets and graduate officers, who were engaged in sports orientation during their studies, are convinced of the effectiveness of this kind of sport in forming military applied motor skills and abilities of cadets and improving their physical fitness. Conclusions. the results of the survey indicate the expediency of introducing sports orientation as one of the effective modern kind of military-applied sports to SmW. It will contribute to improving the motivational and value attitude of cadets towards physical training and sports during their studying at HmEI


Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] tree stem water potential (c), shoot length, nut yield, and nut quality for the following treatments were evaluated in a commercial pecan orchard in Berrien County, GA; 1) current recommended irrigation schedule, 2) a reduced early season irrigation schedule, and 3) non-irrigated control. Water Stress on pecan occurred at'L0.78MPa using the pressure chamber to measure stem water potential. Regression analysis suggests that irrigation scheduling for mature pecan trees may be needed when volumetric water content reaches 10% on Tifton loamy sand soil. Water stress in pecan is correlated with soil moisture from budbreak through the end of nut sizing. Pecan trees bearing a moderate to heavy crop load may undergo water stress during the kernel-filling stage regardless of soil moisture level. Therefore, it is suggested that water stress during the kernel-filling period is a function of nut development, crop load, or both in addition to soil moisture. The reduced early season irrigation schedule provided a 38% reduction in irrigation water use with no significant effect on pecan tree water stress, yield, or quality, suggesting that pecan trees can tolerate moderate early season water stress with no effect on pecan yield or quality under southeastern U.S. environmental conditions. Irrigation is one of the most important management tools used in pecan production and results in increased nut size, yield, nut quality, and precocity (Alben, 1957; Brison, 1974; Daniell, et al., 1979; Stein et al., 1989; Worley, 1982). Despite variations in available water resources among pecan producing regions, the question of irrigation frequency and the amount of water applied to pecan is a common concern. Much of the irrigation research regarding water use of pecan has occurred in arid and semiarid climates (Garrott et al., 1993; Miyamoto, 1983; Sammis et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2007). Georgia is the largest pecan producer in the United States with over 56,000 ha of mature commercial pecan orchards (USDA, 2012). This region of the humid southern United States receives an average of 127 cm or more rainfall annually; however, periods of moisture stress occur during the growing season, particularly during the months of August and September when pecans are in the kernelfilling stage and water demand is at its peak. Thus, irrigation has been proven to markedly enhance pecan production in the region (Worley, 1982). Yet, irrigation scheduling and management of pecans in humid climates is not well established. Daniell (1985) suggested an irrigation application rate of 22,440 L·ha·d for mature pecans during the kernel-filling stage under drip irrigation based on 70% evaporation from a class A evaporation pan in Georgia. However, the study was conducted on a heavy clay soil and may underestimate the water requirements of pecan on the lighter textured soils in most of the southeastern U.S. pecan production region. Current recommended irrigation schedules for pecan (Wells, 2007) in the region are based largely on a study by Daniell (1985) and data related to plant water stress, evapotranspiration, and soil water depletion generated in more arid climates. These schedules often fail to take into account that supplemental rainfall may reduce the need for irrigation water before the nut sizing period in humid climates. Trees within the pecan producing region of Georgia are commonly irrigated at rates and frequencies based mainly on grower experience and observation of crop growth and yield rather than on quantitative scientific information. With increasing agricultural water use, a growing population, and declining groundwater levels, irrigation efficiency in the region is necessary for sustainability. A plant-based measurement, such as y, should be a straightforward indicator of plant water stress and, hence, of the need for irrigation (Peretz et al., 1984), because it measures the integrated effect of soil, plant, and atmospheric conditions on water availability within the plant itself. Midday stem y measurement can be used as a tool to indicate plant water stress and assist with irrigation management decisions. The relation of leaf y to leaf conductance in transpiring leaves may be obscured by the occurrence of a within-leaf y gradient, which is positively associated with the rate of leaf transpiration (Shackel and Brinckmann, 1985). Postexcision errors in leaf y (Turner and Long, 1980) have a similar obscuring effect on the relation between leaf y and leaf conductance, since excised leaves with a high conductance would desiccate and decline more rapidly in y than leaves with a low conductance. Excision artifacts and within-leaf y gradients can be eliminated by stopping leaf transpiration with a plastic or foil bag before leaf y is measured (Begg and Turner, 1970; Garnier and Berger, 1985; Meyer and Green, 1981), allowing leaf y to equilibrate with the y of the stem, and, therefore, would be a measure of stem y. Stem y is less influenced by shortterm environmental variability than is transpiring leaf y (Meyer and Green, 1981) and, under some conditions, has been found to be more clearly related to soil-water conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare a proposed reduced early season irrigation schedule for pecans in humid climates with the currently recommended schedule (Wells, 2007) using midday stem y as measured by the pressure chamber. Stem y was also correlated with volumetric soil moisture in the non-irrigated trees to establish a baseline relationship between the two on Tifton loamy sand, a common agricultural soil in the southeastern United States. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in a 30-year-old microsprinkler-irrigated commercial 'Stuart' pecan orchard on a 15.2 m · 15.2 m spacing growing on Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudult) in Berrien County, GA in 2012. Neither saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, nor permanent wilting point of soil at 0–20 cm depth was measured during the course of the study. However, published values for these soil properties are as follows: hydraulic conductivity, 6.1 cm·h; field capacity, 13% volumetric soil moisture; permanent wilting point, 5% volumetric soil moisture (Rawls et al., 1982). Two microsprinklers were positioned per tree with one each on the N and S side of the tree within the vegetation free strip 1.2 m from the base of the tree. Eachmicrosprinkler delivered 56.8 L·h for a total of 113.6 L·h per tree. The following treatments were evaluated: 1) full irrigation schedule (current recommended irrigation schedule for southeastern pecan production; Wells, 2007; Table 1. Irrigation water application rate per tree for the full and reduced irrigation schedules. Mo. Irrigation water application rate Full schedule Reduced schedule


This paper publishes research results obtained on basis of the scientific project for improving workflows in graphic reproduction processes. The results shown refer to production management methods and reporting through digital job orders. The digital job order is defined as an XML record and alters dynamically along its journey between process phases within the graphic production computer network. Each job order phase must be noted down on time with great precision and this has been enabled by a developed related database model.
Engineer designs have been made for user interfaces to monitor diverse production phases. Each interface type has its specific attributes, signaling mechanisms and variables. Stress is placed on simplicity with as few interactions as possible and with the best previewing. The data collected in the database are for making reports on the printing machines and operators. Time is noted down with the help of start-stop mechanisms through a system server clock. Comments made by operators and data on used material are also noted down. The production manager can see on the central preview interface which job phase is in production at the moment and its status. The digital job order is dynamically created in PDF format for different kinds of production with the help of XSLT and XSL-FO technology.


The distribution and concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the human female genital tract were studied by means of immunohistochemistry and immunochemistry. Further, the effect of VIP (10�#{176}-10'M) on the mechanical activity of uterine smooth muscle was investigated. Generally, VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed among smooth muscle cells and around vessels. They were most abundant in the isthmic part of the Fallopian tube, the Outer and inner Ostium of the cervix, and in the vagina. The tissue concentration of VIP measured by immunochemistry was in good agreement with the immunohistochemical findings. VIP inhibited the spontaneous smooth muscle activity in strips from the Fallopian tube and the cervical region, but had no effect on strips from the uterine corpus. The data support the view that VIP may play a physiological role in the local controlof smooth muscle motility in the human


Tailings ponds' failure and environmental pollution make tailings monitoring very important. Remote sensing technology can quickly and widely obtain ground information and has become one of the important means of tailings monitoring. However, the efficiency and accuracy of traditional remote sensing monitoring technology have difficulty meeting the management needs. At the same time, affected by factors such as the geographical environment and imaging conditions, tailings have various manifestations in remote sensing images, which all bring challenges to the accurate acquisition of tailings information in large areas. By improving You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5s, this study designs a deep learning-based framework for the large-scale extraction of tailings ponds information from the entire high-resolution remote sensing images. For the improved YOLOv5s, the Swin Transformer is integrated to build the Swin-T backbone, the Fusion Block of efficient Reparameterized Generalized Feature Pyramid Network (RepGFPN) in DAMO-YOLO is introduced to form the RepGFPN Neck, and the head is replaced with Decoupled Head. In addition, sample boosting strategy (SBS) and global non-maximum suppression (GNMS) are designed to improve the sample quality and suppress repeated detection frames in the entire image, respectively. The model test results based on entire Gaofen-6 (GF-6) high-resolution remote sensing images show that the F1 score of tailings ponds is significantly improved by 12.22% compared with YOLOv5, reaching 81.90%. On the basis of both employing SBS, the improved YOLOv5s boots the firstname.lastname@example.com of YOLOv5s by 5.95%, reaching 92.15%. This study provides a solution for tailings ponds' monitoring and ecological environment management.


The invention relates to a structurally novel silicon nanomaterial solar cell and a preparing method of the silicon nanomaterial solar cell. The structurally novel silicon nanomaterial solar cell sequentially comprises a top electrode, silicon nanomaterials and a bottom electrode from top to bottom, and the modified silicon nanomaterials have a piezoelectric effect and are capable of generating a built-in electric field. According to the arrangement that the silicon nanomaterials are firstly prepared without assistance of a conventional p-n junction and modified to be enabled to generate the built-in electric field, and after the silicon nanomaterials are assembled into a membrane or form an array, the electrodes are steamed, the solar cell is prepared, and the efficiency can reach 10%. Since high-purity silicon materials are omitted, cost is greatly lowered, and the application of the structurally novel silicon nanomaterial solar cell is facilitated.


A novel dual system composed of blind bolted end plate concrete filled steel tube (BECFT) composite frames and buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) was proposed and presented in this paper. The direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method was modified and used to design the BECFT composite frames with BRBs (BRB-BECFT) at a certain seismic hazard level. Meanwhile, a series of pseudo-dynamic tests (PDTs) were conducted on two specimens of 2/3-scaled two-story, one-bay BRB-BECFT composite frames. The test observations at different seismic hazard levels were recorded. It was indicated that the BRB-BECFT frame system exhibited reasonable failure mode, good hysteretic behavior, high ductility and sufficient energy-dissipating capacity. The installation of BRBs effectively enhanced the lateral stiffness and resistance of the dual system in comparison with their bare counterparts. Moreover, the inter-story drift responses of both specimens at the frequent occurrence earthquake (FOE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) levels were less than the pre-defined values, and the experimental base shears were also close to the analytical results at the MCE level, suggesting the modified DDBD method could provide good control of drifts for the dual system at a target loading level. These research results presented a good alternative for application in earthquake resistant design of braced frame structures.


A key component of any destinations' culture is the country's indigenous population, including the indigenous tour guides who convey the indigenous experience to the tourists as they are mostly the only ones to be encountered at first hand by the tourists yet, their exceptional role is largely unmapped. This research aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of the indigenous tour guides on their cultural mediating role, specifically, in a cultural context in which the indigenous people are dominant, powerful in the society, and represent the majority of the local community.The research inquiry uses a qualitative approach employing key informants and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from tour guides in Jordan. The findings are organized in two themes based on the related literature and the interviews transcripts. First, tour guides' beliefs about their role as cultural mediators. Next, tour guides' opinions about the influencing action they practice in their interpretation. The research emphasized the utmost exceptionality of the indigenous tour guides as innate cultural mediators revealing their influencing power of such mediation, in specific, in an oriental cultural setting. The research recommends considering the indigenous tour guides as key players in bridging the gaps between different cultures giving the fact that indigenous knowledge is acquired from being indigenous people. In addition, the research indicated that it is critical to recognise the quality of mediation they perform taking into account the accurate interpretation of the destination's culture.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Ectrodactyly, commonly referred to as cleft hand, is a rare pathology characterized by a deficiency and/or complete absence of the central ray in each hand. In order to customize treatment and improve the patient's quality of life, a more detailed functional evaluation is required. Although several studies evaluate functionality in different types of cleft hands, there are only a few studies that show self-reported evaluations. The objective of this study is to assess the hand function of cleft hand patients. Methods: An observational retrospective study was performed on 12 cleft hand patients who were treated between 2008 and 2018. There were 8 male patients and 4 female patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their ages: (Group 1) 6 patients between 1 and 7 years of age, and (Group 2) 6 patients between 8 and 18 years of age, respectively. Each group was sub-stratified into 5 subgroups according to the classification system created by Manske and Halikis. Results: Regardless of age, intragroup hand type comparisons within Groups 1 and 2 did not demonstrate statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between hand outcomes according to Manske and Halikis classification. Comparison between cleft hand patients and their age matched controls demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), as the patients in the control group had higher outcome scores. Conclusions: Regardless of cleft hand type and patient age, patients with cleft hands experience impaired hand function and present lower outcome scores in comparison to their age matched controls.


In this paper, the determination of optimum prices of short term-products based on the criterions of means--standard deviation and minimizing probability of insolvency is discussed . The results of quantity analysis are illustrated using an example with linear demand function.


PURPOSE: To facilitate mechanical transfer of a shaped gel by transferring the get while holding the free end of a multifilament thread extending from the opposite ends of the get thereby protecting a gel cylinder against deformation and damage. CONSTITUTION: An electrophoretic gel composition is injected into a hole 12 of a hollow cylinder 10 and shaped around a multifilament thread 14. A sample is set on the surface of the gel at one end thereof and a potential gradient is applied to the gel for the purpose of isoelectric focusing of the sample. A cylinder gel 18 including the separated sample and a thread 14 are then pushed out from the cylinder 10 into an equilibrium or stored buffer along with an aqueous solution of butter. Subsequently, the gel 18 is lifted by pinching the projecting ends 26, 28 of the thread 14 and brought into contact with a planar gel 30 located on the inside of a plate 32. In this regard, the thread 14 in the gel 18 can be held such that the gel 18 is not deformed nor broken due to its own weight. Thereafter, a potential gradient for next electrophoresis is applied. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


James (Jim) Lobach is a Chief Development Engineer with the Chempump Division of Teikoku USA. He has had extensive experience in the design and application of high speed rotating machinery. For over twenty years he has been closely involved with canned motor pump design innovations, including low specific speed pumping, pump hydraulics and performance, and monitoring equipment. He has provided field service engineering and trouble shooting in the Chemical and Petrochemical process industries.Mr. Lobach has authored papers presented at the symposium, and received a B.S.M.E. from the University of Colorado. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Colorado.


Tigernut is consumed by humans and livestock. It also has many medicinal uses. There is growing evidence of decline in human sperm count and quality. Hence, this study seeks to evaluate the effect of Aqueous Extract of Tigernut (AET) on testosterone level, weight of epididymes and testes, sperm count, semen pH, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm head abnormalities in male rats as a model. The rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. The rats were treated with AET at 0.0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g kgG1 b.wt. dayG1, respectively for nine weeks. After which, the rats were sacrificed and assessed for the parameters. The AET had a dose-dependent effect on all the parameters. In conclusion, AET has the capability of increasing the weights of the testes and epididymes, sperm count, sperm quality and testosterone level. Hence, AET could be used as a possible fertility booster and to attenuate sperm toxicity.


Nowadays, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are using agile methodologies in an effort to produce software that meets the time requested by the market. However, a lack of knowledge of how to correctly apply agile methodologies might be contributing to..


The Marieberg porcelain factory, situated on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm, existed between 1758 and 1788. The aim of this study has been to investigate the manufacture of tiled stoves at Marieberg. The first question I wanted to answer was: how many were actually produced? The few documents from the period that have survived show that Marieberg must have had continuous production of tiled stoves for nearly twenty years. It probably started in 1767 when Johan Liljencrantz was appointed manager of the factory, when a tiled stove was made specially for him. The second question concerned what the Marieberg tiled stoves were actually like. My aim was to arrive at a complete description, to show what it is that allows us to identify a tiled stove from Marieberg, and how they differ from the tiled stoves made during the same period by the stove makers, above all in Stockholm, and by the Rorstrand porcelain factory. There are a great many details specific to Marieberg stoves. By examining the stoves known for certain to have been produced at Marieberg, I arrived at a large number of criteria that could be used as a basis for compiling an inventory. A large number of tiled stoves were thus found which can be attributed to Marieberg. About ninety tiled stoves and parts of stoves are considered in the dissertation, but there were probably even more that have been discarded and lost. In compiling the inventory I found a number of tiled stoves of similar material and with very similar design, which I have ascribed to Rorstrand. Tiled stoves from Marieberg are made from a light, yellowish ware, and there are also a great many tiled stoves from Rorstrand which are made of similar clay. To test the assumption that they were made by two different factories, a technical analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Ceramic Research in Lund. (Less)


Music therapy is a non-pharmacological treatment tool in medical therapy, a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proven to have an important role in the treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly at home and abroad. Through applying music therapy to the treatment of elderly patients with chronic diseases, patients could benefit from physiological, psychological and social aspects. Thus, it could help patients relieve pain, reduce the level of anxiety, improve the immunity of the body and increase comfort, keep a stable situation, which speed up the process of treatment of elderly chronic diseases. This paper mainly focuses on the principles of music therapy and describe some application of music therapy that already applied to the treatment of elderly patients with chronic diseases.


This paper generalizes the new ideas, new propositions and new viewpoints in the political report of the Party' s 16th Congress and points out that through these new developments we can see the relationship between the "Three Representatives", Marxism, Mao Ze-dong Thought and Deng Xiao-ping Theories.


In the reaction between the iodide ion and hexacyanoferrate(III), the order is unity with respect to the iodide ion and two with respect to the ferricyanide ion. It has been observed that the rate of the reaction increases with the increase in the dielectric constant of the medium. It has also been observed that the reaction occurred between trivalent and univalent negative ions.


Implicit education is an important way of education,which has its own unique advantages when we compare it with explicit education.Nowadays,although explicit education is dominant in college students' national spirit education,the status of implicit education is becoming more and more important,which can not be ignored.Under the background that college students' national spirit education has no significant effect,permeating implicit education into the network platform,classroom teaching,construction of campus culture and college students' social practice can help to improve the effectiveness of college students' national spirit education.


Human gingival tissue biopsies were classified as "initial or early" or "established or advanced" periodontal lesions on the basis of the histopathological criteria of Page and Schroeder (1976). The percentage of plasma cells in each specimen that could recognize somatic antigens associated with one of four bacterial strains was then determined by incubating frozen sections of the gingiva with rhodamine-labeled bacterial cells. The sections were also briefly incubated with a fluorescein-labeled antibody to human immunoglobulins to facilitate plasma cell detection. Of the bacterial strains tested (Bacteriodes gingivslis, Actinomyces viscosus strains ATCC 27044 and T14–V, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans). only B. gingivalis was found to bind to a significantly higher percentage of plasma cells in the more advanced lesions as compared with the earlier lesions (16.3 % versus 3.7 %). These results suggest an important role for somatic antigens associated with B. gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of human periodontitis.


In ideological and political education in colleges and universities, ideological and political theory courses are the main channel of ideological and political education, and the key to running ideological and political theory courses lies in teachers. The establishment and improvement of the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political course teachers will effectively improve the curriculum effect of ideological and political theory courses. However, while the construction of the assessment and evaluation mechanism for ideological and political teachers in colleges and universities in China has achieved certain results, there are still some unsolved problems, such as the lack of an assessment and assessment that matches the characteristics of ideological and political teachers. Standards and ideological and political course teacher assessment and evaluation mechanisms have guiding deviations. This article uses fairness theory and expected valence theory to analyze and explore the reasons for problems in the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political teachers in colleges, and put forward constructive suggestions on how to establish and improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism of ideological and political teachers in colleges.


We have measured the submill imetre wavelength continuum emission from the Subaru Deep F ie ld (SDF) at 450 and 850 (j,m wi th the Submil l imetre Common-User Bolometer Ar ray ( S C U B A ) detector on the James Clerk Maxwel l Telescope ( J C M T ) . The S D F is as deep a near-IR image as is available and contains four 'hyper extremely red objects' ( H E R O s ) . These data have allowed us to test the connection between 'extremely red objects' (EROs) found in IR surveys and the populat ion of bright submil l imetre sources found wi th S C U B A . Th is is an important bui lding block in our understanding of the star formation history of the universe. We examine the entire submil l imetre map of the S D F region and perform correlation analyses of a /^'-selected catalogue of galaxies in the S D F wi th our submil l imetre S D F map. We find that there is no clear correlation between the near-Infrared positions and submill imetre flux. We also present upper l imits to the fluxes of the four H E R O s , or a weak measurement of the average flux for the four of them. Our data are consistent wi th the H E R O s being Arp220-like objects out to z ~ 1.6. However, they would need to be one and a half times as luminous as Arp220 and extincted in the J -band by about 1 magnitude; a plausible scenario since only modest adjustments are made to Arp220's luminosity and dust content.


The influence of synbiotics on the predominant bacteria community in the cecal content of broilers was evaluated.Four hundred and fifty one-year-old broilers were randomly divided into five treatments of basic diets and basic diets supplemented with antibiotics,probiotics,prebioticts,synbioticts,respectively.On day 21 and 42,two chickens of each replicate were randomly selected and killed,the cecal contents were sterilely collected,and total cellular DNA from the cecal digesta were extracted and purified for PCR-DGGE,then diversity of microbiota was analyzed after DGGE.The results showed the chickens fed with synbiotics showed a higher bacterial diversity and more DGGE bands compared with other treatments on day 21 and 42.The specificity bands of cecal were from uncultured Bacteroidales,uncultured Prevotellaceae,uncultured Clostridiales and plenty of uncultured bacterial without classification.


The nationally embedded and relatively broad-based economies characteristic of developed industrial countries are usually seen as the incarnation of a modern economy. These economies are largely internally oriented and are based, to a relatively great extent, on production and services based on local and national needs. Their provenance is generally assumed to have been processes of development that began in the sixteenth century and that, in the nineteenth century, accelerated with the expansion of industrial production and the growth of global trade. This article challenges that assumption. It argues that today's modern economies represent, not the culmination of long-term processes, but a recurring phenomenon within capitalism. It argues that, in the history of capitalism, there have been phases of nationally embedded and global free market capitalism – periods when capital is relatively more, and relatively less, free from the regulation of nation state. Today's nationally embedded economies represent, not a further point along a unilinear developmental trajectory, but a return to features of the moral economies that characterized both European and non-European societies before the nineteenth century.


A field experiment with different fertilizing treatments was carried out to optimize the treatments which could improve both soil microbiological properties and crop yield.Soil urease,cellulase,microbial quantity and crop yield were analyzed.The results showed that the activities of soil urease and cellulase under the fertilizing treatments were all higher than that of control(p0.05).Microbial quantity increased slightly under T5(conventional NPK+straw+straw decomposing inoculants)treatment compared with the others during the two seasons.The wheat yield under T5 treatment was the highest with a increase rate of 38.2%,but T3(0.7 conventional NPK+organic fertilizer)treatment was best for the corn yield with a increase rate of 29.2%.Correlation analysis concluded that,soil enzyme activity was correlated with crop yield and soil microbial quantity,respectively.To a certain degree,soil urease,cellulase activities could reflect soil fertility,and soil urease was related with microbial quantity in soil.The results above suggested that T5 treatment was most optimized for fertilizing under the experimental conditions.


Relevance. Security issues of information systems in critical infrastructure objects become important now. However, current tasks of information security audit of critical infrastructure objects are mainly limited to checking them for compliance with requirements of standards and documents. With this approach to the audit, security of these objects from real attacks by hackers remains unclear. Therefore, objects are subjected to a testing procedure, namely, penetration testing, in order to objectively verify their security. For example, there are instructions of the Bank of Russia to carry out such testing when the information security of banking systems are checked. However, there is no formal national standard for conducting penetration testing in Russia. This is the deterrent factor to testing critical infrastructure objects. The goal of the paper is to analysis of the American testing standard – NIST SP 800-115 to estimate the possibility of its used for development of the Russian national penetration testing standard. Research methods. Methods of analysis and decomposition from the theory of system analysis are used in the paper to achieve the research goal. Results. In-depth analysis of the NIST SP 800-115 standard is provided in the paper. The following are considered: types of information security assessment measures; stages of information security assessment; methods of analysis and testing which used in the assessment of information security; types and sequence of penetration testing; tested vulnerabilities; recommended tools for analysis and testing, are presented in NIST SP 800-11. Conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of the NIST SP 800-115 standard are made. Recommendations about as NIST SP 800-115 is used in the development of the national Russian standard of penetration testing are presented.


The problem of real-time pose estimation of moving objects using a stereo video camera system is considered in this paper. A computationally efficient algorithm is proposed based on Kalman filtering of the position measurements of suitable feature points selected on the target objects. The efficiency of the algorithm is improved by adopting a new pre-selection technique of the feature points, based on binary space partition (BSP) trees, which takes advantage of the Kalman filter prediction capability. Computer simulations are presented.


AbstractBACKGROUNDImaging and pathological investigations of patients with brain metastases are identifying more local invasion than previously appreciated. Recurrence rates are 15–20% after focal treatment, and targeted treatment of the invasive areas may help improve local control.METHODProspective image guided study using matched MRI and biopsy samples at the brain-metastasis interface. Retrospective case note review of operative approach and survival.RESULTSSamples were obtained during image guided neurosurgical resection of 26 metastases. Pathological analysis of 71/118 samples showed tumour cells present beyond the apparent brain-metastasis interface whereas 20/26 tumours were reported to show a clear macroscopic plane by the operating surgeon indicating significant discordance (kappa 0.02). There was no association of an invasive growth pattern with the type of primary cancer (Fisher's exact test p=0.94) nor subsequent survival (HR 95% CI 0.42–1.28, p=0.28). It was not possible to identify a locally invasive phenotype using preoperative conventional, diffusion or perfusion MRI. In a retrospective review of 370 previously operated cases, gross total resection versus piecemeal resection was associated with an improved overall survival which was lost after 12 months, which may be due to the competing risk of progressive extracranial disease.CONCLUSIONThere is a biological basis for extended local treatments such as supramarginal resection or cavity boost radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases. Identifying patients who will benefit from such treatments remains problematic.


Six dioxadiazole derivatives incorporating pyridine ring were synthesized in 51%~78% yield,and characterized by 1HNMR,FTIR and MS.Their absorptive spectroscopy,as well as fluorescent spectroscopy and electrochemical properties were studied.Compounds a,b and c form conjugate structures effectively,and their maximum absorptive wavelengths λmax are 278,309 and 282 nm respectively.Compounds d,e and f have unconjugate structures,their absorptive spectra are similar,and the λmax are 273,272 and 270 nm respectively.The target compounds emit strong purple fluorescence in DMF solution.The maximum emissive wavelengths of a,b and c are 398,396 and 364 nm respectively.Compounds d,e and f have dual emissive wavelengths,for d and e 334 nm and 345 nm,and for f 342 nm and 356 nm.The target compounds in solid-state emit strong purple and blue fluorescence,with maximum emissive wavelength from 375 nm to 415 nm.The target compounds keep high electron affinity(2.57~3.11 eV) and ionization potential(5.97~6.70 eV),indicating that they are good electron transfer materials(PBD:EA=2.82 eV).


BTC (block truncation coding) codes and their variations are lost-block codes often used in narrowband systems with a lower sensitivity for transported picture impairment. Our preferred modification of these codes goes to better compression with a very low picture impairment against original BTC methods. The modification uses the convenience of low-level changes of successive pictures, which are inserted into the "difference byte". In this way the whole level need not be transported. In the case of big differences between levels, this code uses nonlinear quantisation for the level differences and it brings approximate capacity decrease of 30%.


Objective To investigate the relationship between morning blood pressure surge and left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid atherosclerosis.Methods The selected 184 patients were divided into MBPS group(n=106)and the non-MBPS group(n=78),according to their 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profiles.Meanwhile,cardiac ultrasound and carotid ultrasound were respectively taken,and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)and the intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid were measured.Results The mean systolic blood pressures of 24 h,daytime,night and the 24 h pulse pressures in the MBPS group were all higher than those in the non-MBPS group(P0.05).Meanwhile,the morning blood pressure surge of diastolic blood pressures in the MBPS group was higher than that in non-MBPS group(P0.01).There were differences between them;The left ventricular mass index(LVMI)and the intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid in the MBPS group were higher than those in the non-MBPS group(P0.01);The detection rate of left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid atherosclerosis in the MBPS group were both higher than those in the non-MBPS group(P0.01).There were differences between them.Conclusions The morning blood pressure surgey of the hypertrophy patients is an imporant risk factor to left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid atherosclerosis.Active intervention helps to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.


Improving health and reducing catastrophic healthcare expenditure for the poor and near-poor are the major concerns of the Vietnam Government. This research analyses the impacts of health insurance schemes for the poor and near-poor households in Vietnam on two aspects, including healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure. The study applies the zero-inflated model and pooled OLS regression on the data that is extracted from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys in two years 2014 and 2016. The findings show that health insurance significantly increases the probability of having a doctor visit and the number of doctor visits for a health check or outpatient treatment. For inpatient treatment, insurance does not increase the probability of having a doctor visit or the number of doctor visits. Having insurance significantly reduces out-of-pocket expenditures for both inpatients and outpatients.


Energy is a sparse and valuable resource in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Using it efficiently and effectively can mean longer node and network lifetimes with less reliance and strain on energy harvesting components. In this work we focus on optimizing energy consumption in WSNs at the network layer. A gradient based routing protocol is proposed, that integrates a Reinforcement Learning (RL) component to learn and seek out routes which deplete node energy in a balanced manner. This RL enhanced protocol was compared against three other gradient based protocols, including a greedy, shortest-paths variation serving as a baseline. All protocols were simulated under conditions of heavily imbalanced network load. Based on the simulation results, the network lifetime of the RL enhanced protocol was nearly doubled in comparison to the baseline protocol, while average packet delay was significantly reduced.


The results of changes in the immunological parameters of rat pups born to females, which during pregnancy were exposed to passive smoking and the effects of immunomodulators KK1 and neurokinin A, are presented.


Abstract : The Safety Assessment for Explosives Risk (SAFER) model was developed to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the overall risk associated with explosives operations and storage. The SAFER model calculates risk in terms of the statistical expectation for loss of life from an explosives event. Three components are multiplied to estimate annual maximum probability of fatality, P(f), and the expected fatalities, E(f): (1) the probability of an explosives event, P(e), (2) the probability of a fatality given an event, P(f/e), and (3) the average exposure of an individual, E(p). The purpose of this technical paper is to present the underlying logic and algorithms used in risk-based explosives safety analyses, as implemented in the Safety Assessment for Explosives Risk (SAFER) Version 3.0 model.


This Study discusses the perspectives of contemporary society to the existence of God and religion and its relation to practical life. The discussion uses philosophical approach or philosophy of divinity in order to obtain a through and fundamental understanding of the nature of faith and diversity of society today. The existence of God and religion has always incited discourses throughout the history of human kind. The unresolved debates spawning a variety of views are distintive one to another and even contradictory. This article based by fact indicated that, theologically, there are people embracing a theologycal there are people embracing atheology and religion only on a theoretical level but not on practical (practical atheism/secularism). There are, also people sheltering behind human inability or impossibility of knowing God (agnosticism) and exist people who even totally reject God and religion both theoretically and practically (atheism).


The dietary effect of L‐ascorbic acid, its ascorbates and analogs at equimolar concentrations on larvae and pupae of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) was studied. The daily activity loss of these compounds in the diet was determined with a 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine‐thin layer chromatography method. This determination of ascorbates and analogs showed a rapid loss of activity down to about 50% after 4 days. However, ascorbic acid was significantly more stable. Storing ascorbic acid, its ascorbates and analogs at 6° only preserved their activity at 10–25% more than at 25°; sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate and L‐dehydroascorbic acid equalled the activity of L‐ascorbic acid in larval and pupal weight, as well as insect development. D‐araboascorbic acid (= D‐isoascorbic acid) did not support the normal insect development. Stability of ascorbic acid ascorbates and analogs in the diet in relation to their dietary effects is discussed.


Expansion through franchising could help restaurant firms solve financial constraints, but it could also make overinvestment easier for misaligned CEOs. Whereas the former topic has been extensively examined, the latter has received scant attention from researchers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether franchising alleviates financial constraints or leads to overinvestment problems in restaurant firms. For this purpose, we analyzed and compared investment–cash flow sensitivities between constrained and unconstrained; franchising and nonfranchising; constrained, franchising and unconstrained, franchising; and constrained, nonfranchising and unconstrained, nonfranchising restaurant firms. The results show that unlike other industries, unconstrained restaurant firms depend more on cash flows for investment than constrained restaurant firms do. Although investment–cash flow sensitivity in nonfranchising restaurant firms was similar to that of firms in other industries, unconstrained restaurant firms that expand through franchising rely more on cash flows. These findings suggest that restaurant firms' expansion through franchising is likely to increase overinvestment problems. Franchising could serve as a long-term method of financing for financially constrained firms as well as a short-term financing tool. However, unconstrained, franchising firms should distribute their excess cash flows to shareholders. Theoretical implications are discussed within the realms of the franchising, pecking order, and free cash flow theories.


The present invention, in contact with the insulating layer, and by discharging a composition containing a step of electrically conductive material of the first to form the conductive layer of the first consisting of a refractory metal, a second conductive in contact with the conductive layer of the first a second step of forming a layer. Conductive layer of claim 1 is being formed before the formation of the conductive layer of the second by a droplet discharging method to improve the adhesion, and peelability of the second conductive layer. In addition, the insulating layer is covered, because the conductive layer of the first, to prevent damage or destruction of the insulating layer. Circuit board, a thin film transistor, and a high melting point metal, peeling resistance, adhesiveness


ABSTRACT In this work, Sawdust was used to develop a new low-cost adsorbent and study its application to remove methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. Sawdust was calcined under air atmosphere at three different temperatures (300°C, 400°C, and 500°C) using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as an activating agent. The structure, morphology, surface functions and the chemical composition of adsorbent were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), specific surface area (BET) and Boehm method. Different operational parameters such as pH, adsorbent loading, contact time and were investigated to evaluate experimental data. The adsorption of MB on SD-300, SD-400, and SD-500 show that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models fitted better the experimental results of MB adsorption onto all adsorbents. The maximum capacities based on the Langmuir model were 416.7 mg.g−1 for SD-300, 526.3 mg.g−1 for SD-400, and 819.7 mg.g−1 for SD-500. The positive values of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS implied that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous and endothermic nature. Finally, Regeneration of the SD-500 was investigated and optimization was performed using CCD combined with RSM.


interviews with main stakeholders and review of existing documentation. Implementation Strategy: The Swedish model was chosen for implementation in Iceland, with the aim of avoiding to reinvent the wheel for the small and sparsely populated country. It is assumed that disease pattern is similar in the two countries, and that population pyramids are sufficiently similar for the purpose of applying Swedish cost-effectiveness data in Iceland. The best way to use the Swedish model would be to adapt the costeffectiveness modeling to the situation in Iceland, i.e. to get ready reports/models from Sweden, with the possibility of recalculating the cost-effectiveness on the basis of Icelandic data. Results: The focus group interviews showed that change management needs to be applied as regards the civil servants, as they show a reluctant attitude towards implementing this change. On the contrary the focus group interviews revealed that the drug industry has a more positive view of the change, probably influenced by the seemingly good cooperation between the drug industry and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board in Sweden (LFN). Based on the results the health ministers of Iceland and Sweden signed in June 2008 letter of intent stating that the Government of Iceland and the Government of Sweden declare their intention to strengthen and broaden mutual co-operation in the field of pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. The Icelandic Medicine Pricing and Reimbursement Committee and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board in Sweden (LFN) have started collaboration on possible dual application on price and reimbursements and revaluation of pharmaceutical groups for reimbursements. Lessons Learned: Small markets in Europe are facing various issues regarding pricing and reimbursements of pharmaceuticals and evaluation from a cost-effectiveness perspective. For reimbursement authorities in smaller markets cooperation with lager organizations is important. The Icelandic Medicine Pricing and Reimbursement Committee and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Board in Sweden (LFN) will be starting a pilot project offering the industry a dual application for price and reimbursement in Iceland and Sweden. This pilot project will reveal the obstacles encountered in dual application and how cost effectiveness reports based on Swedish settings apply to Icelandic settings. If Icelandic authorities cannot use the reports accompanying applications in Sweden, an attempt could be made at finding a constant that could be used as a multiplier for all Swedish cost items, or results from Sweden could be used without evaluating to what extent they apply to Iceland, with all the imprecision inherent in that method.


Research aims: 1) To determine the effect of communication on organizational commitment, 2) To determine the effect of trust influence on organizational commitment and 3) to determine the effect of communication and trust on organizational commitment. This research using descriptive statistical analysis approach. While the samples in this study is the use of all members polpulasi called the total sample (total sampling) or census of X 1 = Communications, X 2 = Confidence Y = Organizational Commitment, Tool Analysis: Data analysis method to approach multiple linear regression equation, with the help of a software program SPSS version 22 of the results of the questionnaire answers reseach. Jurnalis the data in conducting this study is to provide empirical evidence about the "Analysis of Effect of Communication and Organizational commitment on confidence in Bank Danamon savings and loans (DSP) Claster Bangka Belitung Unit Jebus". This study was run by multiple linear regression analysis to prove in any analysis of the effect of each variable. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The results indicate communication and trust positive and significant impact on organizational commitment simultaneously obtained value of F (30.718)> Ftable (3.350), which means that H 1 is accepted. Partially, communications have a significant influence on organizational commitment with the acquisition tcount (4.463)> ttable (1.70113), which means that H 1 is accepted. Partially, the trust has a significant influence on organizational commitment with the acquisition tcount (5.784)> ttable (1.70113), which means that H 1 is accepted. That simultaneously R value of "Adjusted R Square of (67.2%)", means that the influence of communication and trust together have a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment, while the remaining (32.8%) by other variables (motivation , training, work discipline, work productivity, work performance, work ethic, etc.) are not included in this study.


Q. D. Leavis begins her essay "How We Must Read Great Expectations" by asserting that "it must have been very much easier to read Great Expectations adequately?that is, with a sympathetic and intelligent comprehension of the spirit in which it was written and of what it was actually about?in Dickens ' s own day, or in any time up to the present, than it evidently is now [1970]." Leavis continues with a deprecation of her contemporary critics and general readers, who presumably "have no real knowledge of the constitution and actuality of Dickens's society."1 The corrective Leavis provides for Great Expectations begins with a quotation from Lord Brain, who in a 1960 lecture to a medical association extolled what Leavis terms "Dickens's intuitive apprehension of the relation between the inner and the outer life [and]... questioning] as to the why of human conduct." What seems curious is that Leavis later asserts the value of this novel over Dickens's other works because of its "greater relevance outside its own age."2 Is not a part of that relevance determined by the response of late twentieth century readers, who understand the novel differently than Dickens's contemporaries? Since Leavis published her essay, a host of scholars-especially those whose work has been informed by Marxism, feminism, and psychoanalysis?have given us new insights into texts and the ways we as readers make sense of them. Much of this recent work challenges claims for the superiority of readings contemporary to a work by asserting the openness of the text to new interpretations. While Leavis's reading of Great Expectations illuminates many of its fine qualities, particularly those which require psychological interpretation, her argument that later readers are impaired suggests a stagnant location of the text in a precise time and place and a privileging of its contemporary readership that similarly ignores the dynamic nature of texts. Moreover, Leavis's thesis fails to take into account a central concern of novels, articulated succinctly by William Myers in his discussion of Little Dorrit: "as a work of art, [the novel must] be


Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K (LY6K), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, plays a dynamic role in cancer metastasis. In the current study, we deciphered the effects of LY6K on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling through clathrin- and caveolin-1 (CAV-1)-mediated endocytosis. LY6K expression level is elevated in higher grade cervical cancer patients correlating with poor overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival. LY6K-depletion in HeLa and SiHa cancer cells suppressed EGF-induced proliferation and TGF-β-enhanced migration and invasion. Both TGF-β receptor-I (TβRI) and EGF receptor (EGFR) localized at the plasma membrane regardless of LY6K expression, and LY6K bound TβRI irrespective of the presence of TGF-β; however, LY6K did not bind EGFR. LY6K-depleted cells showed impaired SMAD2 phosphorylation upon TGF-β treatment and lower proliferation rates following long-term treatment with EGF. We revealed the atypical movement of TβRI and EGFR from plasma membrane upon ligand stimulation in LY6K-depleted cells and an impaired movement of the endocytic proteins clathrin and CAV-1. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy showed no clathrin and CAV-1-coated vesicles in LY6K-depleted cells. Our study demonstrates the key role of LY6K in both clathrin- and CAV-1-mediated endocytic pathways regulated by TGF-β and EGF, and it suggests a correlation between LY6K overexpression in cervical cancer cells and poor overall survival.
 Citation Format: Young Yang, Sujeong Park. LY6K depletion modulates TGF-β and EGF signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB010.