Purpose

Mainland Chinese students (hereafter called Mainland students) are a major source of international student applications. Some countries have initiated policies to enable Mainland students to stay and work after graduation. Additions to the literature, particularly more country-specific studies, are much needed to cast light on the employment issues for such Mainland students overseas. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by focussing on Mainland students who have completed teacher education programmes in Hong Kong and then served as teachers in Hong Kong schools (Mainland teachers). The incentives that attracted them to stay and work in Hong Kong and the challenges they faced were examined. Their future plans were also probed.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a mixed methodology. Data collection comprised both a questionnaire survey and interviews. The semi-structured interviews provided opportunities for respondents to explain their answers, to narrate and widen the scope of data to areas hitherto unanticipated by the researchers.

Findings

Mainland teachers were attracted to stay on in Hong Kong to work for both intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. They were in fact settlers. They found the programmes they had taken to be practical and believed that they had acquired a niche situation in the teaching profession. Working and living in Hong Kong was satisfying, but some experienced social distance from local colleagues.

Originality/value

The paper can be read with reference to countries that recruit Mainland students and there is a possibility that some of them may stay behind to work. It sheds light on the selection criteria of such students, on ways to enrich their programmes, as well as their employment, living and social integration issues.


The colour theory proposed by Heavens in 1991 has been applied to calculate the thickness of magnetite thin layers, Fe 3 O 4 , which were obtained by heat treatment at 250 °C in a gold alloy (Au-24.5Fe-0.5Co). The reflectance spectra obtained from the polished samples with different oxidation (and colour) degrees were used to calculate the real part of the refraction index and the (imaginary) extinction coefficients of both the metallic substrate (n 2 , k 2 ) and the magnetite layer (n 1 =2.42, k 1 ). The a+bλ+cλ 2 form was taken adjusting parameters between experimental and theoretical curves. The fitting of the data resulted in deviations between 2 and 10% for thicknesses in the range of 0 nm (only substrate) and 65 nm (dark blue colour). By means of a mathematic model and following the Heavens' theory, the thickness of each layer has been predicted with high precision, using the spectral reflectance. Consequently, we propose that by using this methodology, the values of the extinction coefficients of the oxide species can be easily obtained, and the thicknesses of the oxide layers can be predicted. The magnetite thickness values found in this study fall into the interval reported in the literature for first-order interference in steels, from light-yellow (~46 nm) to blue (~72 nm).


This study examines research themes, the relationship with other disciplines of Library and Information Science in other to analyze general research trends in the field of Library and Information Science. The Methods used for the study is subject analysis of the general articles and citation analysis by correspondence analysis of SPSS. This study was done to apprehend the general research trends of Library and Information Science in result, most researchers have studied on library related information science. in the future research trends is forecasting to computer-related study.


A Mars relay network is being built using relay radios carried by nearly every Mars orbiter. Mars relay network performance has been limited because Mars orbiters are usually designed to support science missions from low, near-polar orbits; their relay functions are of secondary importance in spacecraft and mission design. The ASI/NASA G. Marconi Orbiter (GMO) will be the first Mars orbiter designed primarily for relay support; science experiments on GMO are secondary. Combining a high performance relay payload with a custom relay orbit, GMO can increase the data returned from in-situ missions by an order of magnitude or more. GMO can increase connectivity to in-situ missions from a few minutes (typical of other orbiters) to hours at a time, offering much greater operational flexibility and resilience and enabling new relay services.


This paper talked about the harm of coal mine dust and the important of dust proof.It introduced the drift collocation of wetting dustproof system in driving face and the lectotype design of the correlation equipment.


"TAXANE encapsulated liposome stable, sterile filterable and agents antineoplastic". The invention provides a formulation of one or more antineoplastic agents encapsulated in liposomes comprising at least one lipid fraction in addition to the antineoplastic drug wherein the composition is stable in an aqueous solution temepratura environment.


In 1981 the University of Kentucky became involved in a ten year project to improve agricultural education in the Western Islands of Indonesia. Part of this project was library improvement. In 1985 and in 1989 a library consultant was sent to Indonesia to work with libraries as part of this project. A Library Network was formed in 1985 to provide training and in 1989 the network sponsored a management short course for directors and other senior staff of the BKS-PTN-8 Libraries. The course was team taught by the consultant and two Indonesian librarians and lasted for 5 1/2 days. This article details the methods used in constructing and te aching a management short course in the local environment. Students need problem solving skills and also management training so they can bring about change on their return home." (Rochester, p. 178) TilE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT SHORT COURSE In 1981 , the University of Kentucky signed a contract with the US Agency for International Development (USAID) to help improve agricultural education in ten public Indonesian universities on the island of Sumatra and one situated on West Kalimantan. This development project is known as the Western Universities Agricultural Education (WUAE) Project. Library improvement was one area targeted by the WUAE, and in 1985, a library consultant from the University of Kentucky visited the ten libraries on Sumatra. The consultant's mission was to survey existing library collections; discuss library problems with library personnel; and help establish a library network, which would promote the sharing of ideas and resources among the participating libraries. The BKS-PTN-B Library Network was formed in March of 1985, under the leadership of three Indonesian librarians. At the first meeting in 1985, the directors of the BKS-PTN-B libraries discussed the lack of formal training of their personnel. It was reported that 86.7%ofall personnel working in the BKS-PTNB Libraries had received no library education, and very few of the eleven directors had any solid training in library management. During the four network meetings, all BKS-B library directors repeatedly expressed concern for improving library services, but they were at a loss as to how to train and motivate their staffs to do it. This need was assigned priTeaching Management Techniques to Indonesian Librarians ority and through the network, training programs for all levels of staff were implemented. THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE In early 1989, a library automation course and a library management short course were conducted. The management short course was attended by 34 participants, nine of whom were directors of their respective libraries. The course was intensive, running for five and one-half days from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. The course was organized in such a way that one topic was covered on each of the five days. Participants were asked to prepare adminis trative documents for their respective libraries. Group discussions of the material were encouraged. Initially, general lectures were presented in the mornings and group work activities were carried out in the afternoons. As the course proceeded, more group activities were scheduled, allowing participants more opportunity for interaction. The course content included areas not commonly thought of in connection with BKS-B libraries. Lectures and activities covered planning, personnel management, use of statistics and report writing.


The glohalism of world economy and the rapiddevelopment of science and technology have totally changed thestyle of mankind's production and life.The key element ofeconomic advancement and social improvement consists inknowledge, talented people, national quality as well as in theability of brchng new trails in the era of the coming of thecoming of the ifltellectual economy.Thereforqthe educationSyStem has to be reformed,and the quality education carried out,the core of which lies in the education of blazing new trails andthe key in the university authorities.


Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model has emerged as a new paradigm of the non-Fermi-liquid behavior. Here we investigate a possibility of having a superconducting off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) and a pseudogap phase within the SYK framework. We found that ODLRO may be established in spin-1/2 version of the model with the time-reversal invariance and an extra attractive interaction. If the latter is taken as the on-site negative-$U$ Hubbard term, it leads to the pseudogap phase at $U<U_c$ dominated by quantum fluctuations of local phases. These fluctuations are described by a quantum version of the Kuramoto model, traditionally employed to illustrate synchronization of classical non-linear oscillators. In the opposite limit of large $U$, the SYK+Hubbard model is approaching a certain generalization of the integrable Richardson model. We present exact diagonalization studies, along with analytic solutions of the aforementioned limiting cases. We also discuss possible holographic interpretations of the model, ODLRO and the pseudogap.


Objective
To investigate language mapping and surgical efficacy of multimodal techniques combined with awake anesthesia for gliomas involving Broca′s area.

Methods
A total of 42 patients with gliomas involving Broca′s area underwent surgical resection under awake anesthesia at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2011 to December 2017 and were enrolled into this retrospective study. Language cortical activated areas and subcortical pathways were preoperatively reconstructed for surgical planning with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography respectively. During the craniotomies, direct electrical stimulation was used to localize language cortical areas and subcortical pathways, and resection of tumor was assisted with intraoperative magnetic resonance image-guided real-time neuronavigation system. According to whether the gliomas invaded ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), the patients were divided into 2 groups. Out of the 42 patients, 24 did not show invasion of vPMC (with merely invasion of posterior inferior frontal gyrus) and 18 did. The language mapping outcomes and surgical efficacy were evaluated and compared.

Results
Intraoperative language mapping was successfully performed in all patients, and in 34 patients (81.0%) at least 1 positive functional site was detected. Three patients (7.1%) experienced focal seizure attack during the mapping process. Gross total resection was achieved in 25 patients, and subtotal resection in 17. Histopathological results indicated 23 cases of World Health Organization (WHO) grade Ⅱ gliomas, 14 cases of grade Ⅲ gliomas and 5 cases of grade Ⅳ gliomas. Sixteen patients (38.1%) experienced short-term language deficits after surgeries, out of whom 12 recovered in 3 months post operation and 4 (9.5%) did not recover. The median follow-up time was 24 months (6-84 months) in 42 patients.Tumour progression was seen in 14 of the 42 patients, and 11 patients died.Compared to the group with tumors that not invaded vPMC, the group with tumors invading vPMC had higher WHO grades(P=0.011) and higher occurrence of short-term language deficits [10/18 vs. 25.0% (6/24), P=0.044] and shorter progress-free survival (28.4±5.2 months vs. 80.7±3.2 months, P<0.001) and overall survival (38.8±5.8 months vs. 80.8±3.2 months, P<0.001).

Conclusions
The combination of multimodal techniques and awake anesthesia in the surgical treatment of gliomas involving Broca′s area could help protect the patient′s language function while maximizing the removal of tumors. Among them, tumors with invasion of vPMC may cause a higher rate of short-term speech dysfunction and a worse prognosis than those with merely invasion of posterior inferior frontal gyrus.

Key words:
Glioma; Broca area; Awake anesthesia; Language mapping; Multimodal techeniques


This paper presents the objectives, technique, and student feedback after introducing community service projects into a first year design course in the engineering program at Queen's University. An overview of the state of community service learning (CSL) in Canada is presented. Results from a post-course survey are used to compare student perceptions of CSL projects with more traditional projects. Responses from the survey indicate that a greater proportion of students on CSL projects felt their projects required creativity to solve.


This paper investigates the short-term marginal propensities to consume (hereafter, MPC) the farm income from separate sources and across consumption expenditure distributions, using the farm-level panel data over the five years, from 2008 to 2012. The study employs the fixed effects models, which c...


These days traffic congestion has become huge problem in urban area by sudden increase of many cars, and there are many problems such as traffic jam, environmental pollution especially during peak time. Public transportation can be a solution for this problem, and effective operation of connection & transfer system between railroad and other transportation mode has become a new solution for traffic congestion. This study will review the concept of connection network, connection & transfer system by basic factors of transport connection, and the definition & forms of transport connection network. And this study will look into the operation examples of transport connection system in other countries and the operation effectiveness of connection & transfer system.


Abstract Groundwater vulnerability assessment based on the DRASTIC index has been widely used since the 1980s to map potential risks of groundwater contamination. However, its applicability and usefulness are affected by two uncertain and subjective factors. One is the discretization of continuous input variables and the other is the assignment of different weights to the index variables. In this study, an entropy-weighted fuzzy-optimization approach was developed to augment and improve the classic DRASTIC method by reducing the uncertainties associated with variable discretization and weight assignment. The modified DRASTIC method was applied to a study site in Shandong, north China. The entropy-weighted fuzzy-optimization approach is shown to provide a more rigorous delineation of the relative vulnerability distribution. Meanwhile, the new approach does not require the use of more parameters. The results suggest that this approach significantly improves and enhances the ability of the classic DRASTIC method in a more systematic and rigorous way. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Yu, C., Zhang, B.X., Yao, Y.Y., Meng, F.H., and Zheng, C.M., 2012. A field demonstration of the entropy-weighted fuzzy DRASTIC method for groundwater vulnerability assessment. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (7), 1420–1432.


This report is a retrospective account of a single research project conducted between 1973 and 1976 which involved a field study of the administrative feasibility of vouchers for skill training in the Work Incentive Program (WIN) in Portland, Oreaon. (The program was designed to change relationships among cliet_J, WIN staff, and training vendors, by transferring responsibility for decision making and negotiations for training arrangements from staff to clients--nondirective counseling.) Focus in this report is on how evaluation research or feasibility testing (using the implementation of the WIN voucher system as an example) can be effected by staff noncooperation, problems of infraand interagency coordination, and other variables (e.g., goal conflict, communication). A sixteen-page concluding section discusses literature concerned with program evaluation and describes elements which might gc into a systematic approach to program implementation analysis. Suggestions for ways in which a two-level approach to evaluation research might increase the clarity, comprehensiveness, and sophistication of research results are also included. (SH) *********************************************************************** * * * Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * ***********************************************************************


Total electron content (TEC) exhibits significant variations in both space and time depending upon latitude, longitude, solar cycle, UTC, and season; these variations can have potentially negative effects on communication and navigation systems. Recently, three models have provided accurate results in reconstructing and/or calculating real-time (or near real-time) vertical TEC values: the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (USU GAIM) Gauss-Markov Kalman Filter Model, the United States Total Electron Content (US-TEC) Model, and the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere electrodynamics (CTIPe) Model. This research offers a statistical comparison of the vertical TEC outputs from the previously mentioned models on both a global and local (over the continental US) scale during the month of July 2008. We present the average difference and root mean square difference (RMS difference) for three different model comparisons (e.g. - US-TEC vs. GAIM, US-TEC vs. CTIPe, and GAIM vs. CTIPe). We have documented certain model biases and the differences measured between corresponding data points among the models relative to each comparison. Two out of the three comparisons showed that the US-TEC model's bias predicted higher values of vertical TEC relative to the other models, while the third comparison revealed a small bias in the CTIPe model to forecast greater vertical TEC values when compared to the GAIM model. By computing the RMS difference, we can better examine the source of these biases relative to the aforementioned model comparisons. This is the first step in documenting the biases, errors, and uncertainties associated with these three models.


Nigeria boasts of some of the world's biggest worship centres, as the vast majority of its population attend religious services and pray regularly. However, this nation remains one of the most religiously divisive nations across the world. Critical and literary studies have shown the role of religion in the creation and aggravation of conflict in this nation. This article analyses the ways in which Ahmed Yerima's play, Pari (2016), examines this burning subject of religious violence in Nigeria, and most specifically, northern Nigeria. Classifying this contemporary playwright as an active public intellectual, this article engages in a close reading of how the play speaks to the controversial subject of religion. The latter part of the article explores Pari's handling of the subject of conflict resolution, positing that confession, remorse, and forgiveness are important requirements if lasting peace is to be restored after any crisis. These subjects are constructed around the 2014 abduction of the 275 Chibok schoolgirls in northeastern Nigeria by the Islamic terror group, Boko Haram.


X‐ray photoemission spectra from a chemically etched single crystal of the high temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2−xCa1+xCu2O8+δ are presented. A clear Fermi edge is observed in the valence band region, indicating a high quality surface.


The people residing in Darikal gaon village in Tezpur of Assam mostly depend on the vegetation around them for the prevention as well as the treatment of diseases and ailments. The present ethnomedicinal survey was carried out in Darikal gaon village for the documentation of important medicinal plants used for wound healing. Ethnomedicinal information was gathered through questionnaire from the people of Darikal gaon (Tezpur) in Assam of North east India. We have reported 19 species of medicinally important plants belonging to 16 families.


Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological processes associated with surgery and critical illness. Immunomodulation and the Inflammatory Response is a collection of six chapters that addresses several topics related to inflammation that are of interest to anesthesiologists and critical care practitioners. The goal of this collection, as stated by the editor, is to address "bench to bedside" issues that are relevant to anesthesiologists. The first chapter examines the effect of local anesthetics on the inflammatory response. The authors provide a brief overview of the pathophysiologic processes associated with inflammation including mechanisms of vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and neutrophil recruitment. A limited discussion of inflammatory mediators such as autocoids, eicosanoids and cytokines is also presented. Although limited in scope, this overview provides a foundation for discussing the effects of local anesthetics on the inflammatory response. The remainder of the chapter examines the current literature on local anesthetics and their effects on inflammatory processes. The potential cellular and molecular mechanisms by which local anesthetics inhibit inflammation are also discussed and include membrane stabilization and altered intracellular signaling. In the end, the authors point out that local anesthetics have limited antiinflammatory applications in the clinical setting. The primary benefit appears to be to decrease inflammation at sites of local anesthetic infiltration. A review of the effects of volatile and intravenous anesthetics on neutrophil function is provided in the second chapter. Neutrophils are key mediators of the acute inflammatory response and are known to participate in organ injury in cases of severe local or systemic inflammation. The authors provide a brief review of neutrophil functions. This is followed by a synopsis of the literature pertaining to the effects of volatile and intravenous anesthetics on neutrophils. Most of these studies were performed using isolated human neutrophils that were cultured with fixed concentrations of anesthetic agents. The authors point out the significant limitations of this approach, particularly the lack of relevance to the clinical setting. Nevertheless, current knowledge of the effects of systemic anesthetics on a variety of neutrophil functions is reviewed. The most comprehensive chapter in this volume addresses the implications of anesthesia for infection and wound healing. Infection is one of the most common complications during the perioperative period and contributes significantly to duration of hospital stay, cost of care, and outcome. Likewise, the adequacy of surgical wound healing has a major impact on the final outcome of any surgical procedure. The authors provide a detailed list of risk factors associated with perioperative infections, ranging from local factors such as impaired tissue perfusion to systemic considerations such as the presence of diabetes mellitus. The stress response to surgery and anesthesia also has an impact on the host response to infection. The authors provide an overview of the surgery-induced stress response and cover important topics such as neuroendocrine mediators and cytokines. Little is known about the clinical effects of anesthetics on antimicrobial immunity. Nevertheless, the authors provide a list of possible effects of different anesthetic agents on immune function. It is stated that general anesthetic agents have little effect on the stress response and may actually inhibit immune function. However, little evidence is provided to support this contention. A more detailed discussion of the effects of regional anesthesia on the stress response is provided. Sepsis is a leading cause of death in critically ill patients. The third chapter provides an overview of clinical issues associated with sepsis ranging from consensus conference definitions to pathophysiologic mechanisms. Brief discussion of hemodynamic alterations, respiratory failure, renal dysfunction, and coagulopathy are presented, as is a discussion of clinical management. Another important consideration for anesthesiologists that care for patients with existing infections is the use of techniques that will minimize the spread of infection to other patients. Anesthesiologists must protect themselves by practicing universal precautions, and other patients, by practicing hand washing and isolation of contaminated equipment. The authors conclude their discussion of perioperative infection by addressing the issue of epidural abscess, which is a relatively unusual, but devastating, complication. A good overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of epidural abscess is provided. The remainder of this chapter discusses the issue of surgical wound healing. An overview of the phases of wound healing and risk factors for poor wound healing are presented. The primary message aimed at anesthesiologists is the recognition and management of perioperative factors that predispose patients to impaired wound healing and wound infection. Among the factors discussed are hypothermia, blood transfusion, and tissue oxygen tension during surgeries that have a high rate of postoperative infection. Colorectal surgery is most commonly discussed. A few highly lauded studies are referenced, yet few confirmatory studies are available in some areas. Nevertheless, the authors raise several important issues that anesthesiologists should be aware of in order to maximize postoperative wound healing and minimize perioperative wound infections. The fourth chapter provides a discussion of apoptosis in the critically ill patient. A brief overview of the cell biology of apoptosis and the potential contribution of apoptosis to organ dysfunction is provided. Most studies on apoptosis and the development of organ failure have been performed in experimental models. Evidence for a role of apoptosis in the clinical setting is lacking. However, a relatively strong case is made for the role of apoptosis in the development of myopathy in critically ill patients. The chapter concludes with a discussion of therapeutic interventions that may decrease apoptosis in the ICU setting. Among the approaches discussed include the use of caspase inhibitors and overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. All of these approaches are experimental and the authors point out the incomplete level of knowledge in this area. The fifth chapter provides a discussion of cytosolic phospholipase A2 knockout mice and their use in the study of a variety of pathophysiologic processes ranging from acute brain injury to acid aspiration. The authors provide a thorough overview of phospholipase A2 function and an abundance of data to indicate that cytosolic phospholipase A2 is an important factor in the pathophysiology of numerous disease processes. It remains to be determined whether blockade of cytosolic phospholipase A2 will provide therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting. The final chapter discusses inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome. A clinically relevant discussion of the pharmacology of inhaled NO in the lung is provided. Specifically, the mechanisms by which NO improves oxygenation and decreases pulmonary hypertension during ARDS are discussed. The authors also provide a discussion of the effect of inhaled NO on the


The difference between SPI and BEI in blood from the umbilical cord or from infants is no greater than the difference noted in the blood of adults. The average differences, SPI-BEI, in both are 0.4 to 0.5 gamma %.
 SPI and BEI of cord blood do not differ significantly from those of the mother's blood taken during delivery and, therefore, cannot be used to measure the BEI of the infant during the first weeks of life. In contrast the concentrations of fatty acid and cholesterol of the serum from cord blood was only about one-third as great as that of maternal blood.
 In the first days of life SPI and BEI rise sharply. In 12 of 13 infants 2 to 6 days old the BEIs were between 7.0 and 11.7 gamma %, values indicative of hyperthyroidism in adults.
 Data on children from birth to 16 years of age suggest that the normal range may remain higher than that of adults for as long as seven years.


This lesion looks like basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, but biopsy showed it to be an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the external ear. Skin cancers of the pinna are rarely painful, as this lesion was.


One of the central issues of intelligent CAD is building a modeling mechanism that deals with various models . The world in which a model is built, which call ontology, may vary over domains of modeling, abstraction levels . and granularities . This paper discusses integration of design object models over multiple ontologies . The key idea is the use of meta-level model about relationships among models .


The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory, will be deployed over two sites in the two hemispheres. Both sites will be equipped with four Large Size Telescopes (LSTs), which are crucial to achieve the science goals of CTA in the 20-200 GeV energy range. Each LST is equipped with a primary tessellated mirror dish of 23 m diameter, supported by a structure made mainly of carbon fibre reinforced plastic tubes and aluminum joints. This solution guarantees light weight (around 100 tons), essential for fast repositioning to any position in the sky in <20 seconds. The camera is composed of 1855 PMTs and embeds the control, readout and trigger electronics. The detailed design is now complete and production of the first LST, which will serve as a prototype for the remaining seven, is well underway. In 2016 the first LST will be installed at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the Canary island of La Palma (Spain). In this talk we will outline the technical solutions adopted to fulfill the design requirements, present results of element prototyping and describe the installation and operation plans.


Viscoelastic properties of cellulose in an ionic liquid, 1‐buthyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) are measured in dilute and semidilute concentration regions. Intrinsic viscosity obtained in the dilute region was successively used to make a reduced plot of viscosity‐concentration relationship. At the highest concentration, plateau region was observed.


Summary An in vitro assay measuring AMP: and IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 126.96.36.199 and EC 126.96.36.199) levels in intact leukocytes has been described. Intact erythrocytes incorporate insignificant amounts of precursor compared with leukocytes. The mean level of IMP pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase in leukocytes from nine patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in relapse was significantly higher (0.010.001)) than in normal leukocytes. The levels of leukocyte AMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase were higher in leukemics but not significantly so compared with normal values. No significant reduction of IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase activity was observed in leukocytes from leukemics clinically resistant to purine analogs. No correlation could be found between leukocyte enzyme activity and relapse, remission or therapy of leukemia. Enzyme levels in leukocytes isolated from patients with other malignancies were in the normal range. However, in a number of leukemics with apparently normal differential blood smears, the enzyme activities of the nonleukemic cells were greater than normal.


Porous titanium-26at.%niobium (hereafter, Ti-26Nb) alloys with different porosities were prepared by space-holder sintering. The porous structure of the alloys was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the porous alloys were investigated using compression test. Results indicate that the porous alloys with 60, 70 and 80% porosities exhibit interconnected porous structure with pore sizes of 100-300 µm. The porous structure has the potential to provide new bone tissue ingrowth ability. The mechanical properties of these porous alloys decrease with the increase of porosity. The mechanical properties of the porous Ti-26Nb alloys can be tailored to match those of human bone.


This paper studied about analysis techniques for LCC estimation by high speed railway vehicle (KTX) propulsion control system(Motor Block) localization development. Recently, it is studying steadily cost reduction through research that wish to forecast life cycle cost(LCC) along with the RAMS for system. Analysis techniques for LCC estimation to base to RAMS examined that exist variously, and confirmed on another thing system example that analysis techniques that applies according to system model is different. Through this, we proposed applicable analysis techniques for LCC estimation to do localization on propulsion control system(Motor Block) of high speed railway vehicle(KTX). Hereafter, we are to present ways of LCC's forecast and to reduce costs which are able to work propulsion control system through an analysis technique proposed.


This research examines the association between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and financial performances-Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Stock Return-within the cigarette companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research used 3 cigarettes companies; PT Gudang Garam Tbk., PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk., and PT Bentoel Internasional Investama. Simple linear regression is used to examine the association between CSR disclosure and the cigarettes companies' financial performance. The study reveals that the disclosure of CSR only has positive influences toward Return on Assets; yet, it does not correlate with the Return on Equity and Stock Return.


This thesis addresses the problem of identifying clusters from an input data set consisting of several MIMO channel parameter estimates, achieved by a channel parameter estimator, such as SAGE. In many previous work visual inspection has been used for the cluster identification. Nevertheless this approach becomes impractical when one has to analyze large amounts of measurement data. Furthermore visual inspection is limited by human senses, since one is hardly able to identify clusters in more than three dimensions. In this work we introduced a novel scalable framework to automatically identify multi-path clusters, which requires only a very limited user interaction. The proposed framework is novel in five respects: (i) the framework algorithm enables to cluster MIMO channel parameter estimates automatically with a minimum of user input; (ii) as a distance metric we use the multi-path component distance (MCD), which makes the framework able to scale the data, solve the problem of the angular periodicity and hence enable for joint multidimensional clustering; (iii) by including power and the MCD into the clustering algorithm, we make it applicable to cluster identification in propagation research; (iv) the cluster validation package provides a trustworthy estimate of the correct number of clusters; (v) the cluster pruning package does not change the cluster behavior significantly, but improves visibility and future tracking performance. Furthermore, the clustering algorithm introduces a convincing, inherent definition of a cluster itself. We assess the performance of the framework by clustering both synthetic scenarios and real-world MIMO measurement data from an indoor big hall environment.


In the process of data aggregation, intruder nodes and compromised nodes may decrease the system performance. Hence, security plays an important role. Secret sharing is a method to find the compromised nodes. The previous researches in secure data aggregation concentrated on key authentication process and little research is done in N-party secret sharing methods. In this article, we proposed quantum data aggregation using secret sharing and genetic algorithm, where a node forwards data to its most trusted neighbor only. In the proposed method, a node selects n 1-hop neighbors from a list of its m 1-hop neighbors, which well behaved over a period and forwards data to the most trusted amongst them. We simulated quantum teleportation using SimulaQron tool for establishing secure communication. However secured is the communication channel the compromised nodes may decrease the system performance by exposing network to malicious activities. Each node creates n shares of a secret and forwards a share on a secured quantum channel to the n 1-hop neighbors in such a way that from any t neighbors share(t<n) the secret is reconstructed. The data aggregation security increases since a group of t users can reconstruct the key but no single user has the complete authority on the secret. The proposed method ensures that each node will be able to aggregate the captured message securely without any interventions from the compromised/intruder nodes. The proposed system applies genetic method to improve the efficiency of the process of detection of the compromised nodes based on the behavioral history of the node. While detecting the malicious nodes the proposed method accuracy rate is 98.8 and false rate is 0.15, which is almost equal to secure and energy-efficient data aggregation method based on an access control method. However, in terms of the size of the network considered, the percentage of malicious nodes assumed and from the basic principles of quantum teleportation, the proposed method proves to be a better protocol for implementing secure data aggregation.


Purpose of reviewAirway remodelling, a central feature of asthma, is characterized by an alteration in the size, mass or number of tissue components which occur in and around the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles in the airways in response to injury and/or inflammation.The present review focuses on the most recent literature on airway remodelling and on the different drugs commonly used or potentially useful in the treatment of asthma with a particular attention to the studies conducted by our group in the last few years. Recent findingsThe interaction between the epithelium and mesenchymal elements such as fibroblasts is essential for normal airway repair. An abnormal response of this epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit has been proposed to be central to the airway pathology and physiology characteristic of asthma. Current treatments may indirectly control airway remodelling through a reduction of inflammation but such a kind of approach is only in part successful. SummaryThe clear understanding of the events that take place during remodeling and the targeting of its specific components will be helpful in the development of novel therapies that might restore lung function.


Objective To study the expression of eortieotropic release hormone(CRH)and adrenocortieo-tropic hormone(ACTH)in hypothalamus and pituitary and the regulatory effect of JIA-WEI-XIAO-YAO pill on the mice in the different stress.Methods The animal model of stress mice Was established on the plat-form.over.water and in emotional stress box in our laboratory.The expression of CRH and ACTH were detec-ted by immunohistochemistry method.The serum glueocortieoid(GC)was determined by radio-immunity a-nalysis method.Results The expression area and intensity of CRH and ACTH in the hypothalamus and pitu-itary were increased at 3 h and the serum GC Was inereased at 12 h.After oral administration of JIA-WEI-XIAO-YAO pills(2 g/kg),the expression area and intensity of CRH and ACTH in the hypothalamus and pl-tuitary under on the platform-over-water stress.Conclusion The expression areea and intensity of CRH and ACTH in the hypothalamus and pituitary Was significantly increased at emotional stress.After oral adminis-tration of JIA-WEI-XlAO-YAO pill(2 g/kg),the expression area and intensity of CRH and ACTH in the hypothalamus and pituitary and the serum Glucocorticoid was reduced in emotional stress mice.

Key words:
Emotional stress; Hypothalamus; Pituitary; Corticotropic release hormone; Adrenocorticotropic hormone; JIA-WEI-XIAO-YAO pills


of a Dissertation Submitted to the University at Albany, State University of New York in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences


This paper introduces how to develop visual program a second time by using GUI interface pro-gramming function so as to calculate the numerical value and make image simulation.


To assess the effectiveness of a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG; Bulkamid®) in treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following a previous midurethral sling (MUS) implant.


A SnS ordered nanohole array film was fabricated by a two-step replication process from anodic porous alumina. SEM and TEM analyses show that the ordered porous SnS film has nearly uniform, closely packed, straight nanohole array structure. The diameter and length of the nanohole are about 200nm and 1μm, respectively . EDS , XPS and XRD analyses reveal that the ordered porous SnS film has a Sn : S ratio close to 1:1 stoichiometry, and the framework of it has an orthorhombic SnS structure.


We have performed simulations of a freely sedimenting gas-particle suspension to generate data on effective drag coefficients for Euler-Lagrange simulations. We present a model for this effective drag coefficient, and show that this model is able to predict the effective slip velocity within ca. 8% when using extremely coarse computational grids and a parcel approach.


From accelerating process of marketization,innovation in business mode,system and management,management pattern and other aspects construction management ideas in water conservancy enterprises are introduced,in order to meet requirements of modernization development and increase competitive power of water conservancy enterprises.


Joseph, Chun, & Nakayama, 1997). Studies about change blindness (Rensink, O'Regan, & Clark, 1997) and inattentional blindness (Mack & Rock, 1998> have demonstrated that there is a severe attentlonal restriction in our visual ability: observers hardly netice changes in visual scenes, This restriction has also become evident when researcher$ have studied the capacity of working memory (Luck & VogeL 1997): the number oi objects that we can maintain in visual working memory appears to be strict]y limited {four items or less), As a result of these limitations, the visual system is most eMcient if the focus of attention is guided to potentially informative locations, rather than moved randomly. Research has shown that bottom-up and Visual search performance can be facilitated implicitly through repetitive viewing of the same layout of a search display (the contextual cueing effect). Researchers know that se]ective attention affects the occurrence of the cueing effect, but it has not been clear whether divided attention has the same effect, By introducing an attentional blink procedure, this study tested whether implicit learning of visual displays occurs while attention is devoted to a primary task, Observers searched for two digits among distracter letters, In the training phase, the sequence of rapidly presented distracters was predictive of the location of the second target; an attentional blink effect was obtained. More importantly, when the predictive value was removed in thc testing phase, search performance slowed. These results suggest that the visuaL system can acquire spatiotemporal contextual memory even when deprived of attentional resources.


The recent technical development of absorption systems pushes towards increasingly complex plant configurations, and, in fact, seems to stand a step forward with respect to the theoretical background needed for an accurate modelling of their performance. The main unresolved challenges in this respect are related to the film thickness and the extension of the phase-interfaces within falling film heat exchangers, which, in turn, are determined by the film wettability and interfacial turbulence effects such as surfactant-induced Marangoni convection. More specifically, the complex coupling between these aspects and the heat and mass transfer phenomena of falling film absorption is excluded from previous modelling approaches, which often fall short in reliably predicting the real performance of these devices. As a result, this work presents an attempt to locally include the effect of Marangoni convection in the modelling of falling film absorption around horizontal cooled tubes, while considering the circular shape of the solid surface and the local thickness distribution. A two-dimensional model of the fundamental governing equations is formulated and a first screening of its numerical approximation results is presented. The generation of Marangoni cells responsible for the internal mixing and advection processes is highlighted. This leads to a continuous renovation of the interfacial conditions, intensifying the transport of the refrigerant, together with the related enthalpy, to the core of the solution. The present model can be applied to the analysis of advanced absorption systems for the development of optimal system design and control strategies. INTRODUCTION In 1865 the Italian physicist Carlo Giovanni Marangoni studied for the first time the so called "Tears and wine" effect. Afterwards, the fluid flow resulting from surface tension differences, was categorized as Marangoni convection, studied and applied to many scientific and technical fields [1]. Although enhancement additives have been commonly used in LiBr absorption machines since the 1950s, the mechanism by which they improve heat and mass transfer rates, neither the limit to the enhancement nor the best additive for a certain absorptive mixture are currently known [2]. Kashiwagi et al. [3] experimentally described the interfacial Marangoni instabilities within vapour absorption systems as mainly caused by the surface tension difference around immiscible surfactants islands in multi-components mixtures where the corresponding solubility limit was being overcome. Hozawa et al. [4] suggested heterogeneous absorption to be the natural cause of Marangoni convection and Hihara and Saito [5] studied this phenomenon in relation to falling film absorption. However, there is still not research covering the direct modelling of Marangoni convection within horizontal tube falling film absorbers. This work represents a first attempt to locally include this effect in the modelling of falling film absorption around horizontal cooled tubes, while considering the local thickness distribution and surface inclination [6] due to the circular shape of the solid surface. A two-dimensional numerical model of the fundamental governing equations is formulated and a first screening of the results is presented. Different solution flowrates are considered to quantify local and global performance enhancement related to Marangoni convection in real absorbers. The generation of a Marangoni cells responsible for the internal mixing and advection processes is highlighted. This leads to a continuous renovation of the interfacial conditions, intensifying the transport of the refrigerant, together with the related enthalpy, to the core of the solution. The interdependences between heat, mass and momentum transfer are discussed in a way useful to clarify the process. The present model can be applied to the analysis of advanced absorption systems for their development of an optimal design and control strategies. GOVERNING EQUATIONS A schematic representation of the physical system is illustrated in Figure 1.


Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia (MOM) in the nasopharyngeal space is a very rare entity. Only 35 cases have been reported in the English literature, and most patients were East Asian males between 60 and 70 years of age. MOM presents as a brown or black lesion with slight elevation of the mucosa. These lesions are benign and defined as cellular enlargement with eosinophilic granular melanin-pigmented cytoplasm caused by mitochondrial accumulation. However, such presentation can lead physicians to misjudge MOM as a malignant lesion. Recently, we experienced a case of MOM of the nasopharynx. A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the internal medicine department with small-volume hemoptysis and referred to the ENT department for evaluation. She was a regular smoker without any medical history. Sinus endoscopy showed black pigmented lesions on both the torus tubaris and left posterior tonsillar pillar, with low bleeding risk. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed, and oncocytic metaplasia was confirmed pathologically. Hemoptysis showed spontaneous remission and no recurrence or other symptoms over 12 months of follow up. Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia in the nasopharynx should be clinically recognized to avoid misdiagnosis as a malignancy like melanoma.


The inhibitor and initiator action of 33 compounds on the bulk polymerization of pure isoprene has been studied. Picric acid was found to be the most powerful inhibitor at 100°C. The conclusion reached in Part I, that the initiator activity of diazoaminobenzene is superior to all other compounds has been found to be valid also between 100–150°C. The heat polymerization of isoprene between 100–150°C. in the presence of picric acid leads only to the formation of dimers. Three of the four possible isomers have been separated. The solid complex compound of diprene (I) with silver nitrate has been used to separate it from dipentene (II) and the hydrocarbon of Lebedew (III, IV) has been identified as a monochloride. The relative yields (I): (II): (III+IV) = 16:1:2 are in agreement with the relative availability and localization of π-electrons in isoprene. Observations on the properties of polyisoprene are in agreement with the more extensive work by d'Ianni. Some remarks on polymers from bulk polymerization are added. Isoprene acts as a powerful inhibitor on the polymerization of vinylidene chloride. This effect is independent of the method of polymerization.


number of manufacturing wage earners in the Southern states increased from 318,000 to 1,432,000, an increase of 350 per cent.' During the same period the population increased from 16,516,000 to 33,125,000, an increase of only 100 per cent. If the increase in the number of wage earners had been in proportion to the increase in population, there would have been only 636,000 wage earners in 1920. The purpose of the first part of this paper is to discover the nature and the sources


Copper films (210 – 1650 Å) were deposited onto glass microslides by vacuum evaporation. The films were subjected to heat treatment at a constant rate and the variation of electrical resistance with temperature was measured. The defect density and activation energy were calculated for different thicknesses from the knowledge of the change in electrical resistance with temperature and time. The defect density, F0 (E)max, varies from 17.2 to 6.05 μΩ•cm eV−1 in the thickness range 210 – 1650 Å whereas no appreciable variation in the activation energy is observed.


ABSTRACT A tarot reading works with archetypal images to engage the unconscious and open doors to imaginal ways of knowing. Written from the perspective of archetypal psychology, this paper explores tarot and how readings give access to the repository of images that connects to the unconscious, allowing the deeper story to emerge. Specific tarot readings are analyzed to illustrate the psychological processes within the rich dialogue between reader, querent, cards, and the unconscious. Within the space of a tarot reading, the process of "seeing through" occurs without the need to fix anything, creating a space for soul-making.


We study the following finiteness property of a left Noetherian ring R: (⋄) The injective hulls of simple left R-modules are locally Artinian. We consider property (⋄) for two main classes of rings. First we consider the nilpotent Lie superalgebras, motivated partly by a result of Musson on the enveloping algebras of finite dimensional solvable-but-not-nilpotent Lie algebras, which says that such an enveloping algebra does not have property (⋄). We address the question of which nilpotent Lie algebras have property (⋄), and give an answer in a slightly more general context of Lie superalgebras. We obtain a complete characterization of finite dimensional nilpotent Lie superalgebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero, whose enveloping algebras have property (⋄). Next we study property (⋄) for differential operator rings S = k[x][y;δ]. We give sufficient conditions for some simple left S-modules to have non-Artinian cyclic essential extensions. This is then combined with results of Awami, Van den Bergh, and van Oystaeyen, and of Alev and Dumas on the classification of skew polynomial rings to obtain a full characterization of skew polynomial rings S = k[x][y;σ,δ] which have property (⋄). We also consider the stable torsion theories in connection with property (⋄) for Noetherian rings. In particular, we show that a Noetherian ring R has property (⋄) if and only if the Dickson torsion theory on R-Mod is stable. We then use this connection to obtain sufficient conditions for a Noetherian ring to have property (⋄), and therefore obtain new examples of rings with property (⋄).


Transmission coefficient variations are observed in a Fe/Cr superlattice for millimeter-range electromagnetic waves. These variations are caused both the microwave giant magnetoresistive effect and the ferromagnetic resonance.


Through the continuously sampling and measuring the amount of Formaldehyde,Ammonia,TVOC,and Benzene indoor air during the renovation of residential in Chang′an district of Xi′an City,analyzed the dynamic variation trend.This paper found out that the four pollutants indoor air were in different degrees of excessive.Data manifested that Benzene,as the most serious pollutant,was as 12 times as the normal level.Ammonia and Benzene was 0.985 and 6.65 times than the normal level respectively.The r= 0.963,P = 0.01 of TVOC and Benzene showed the high correlation.In conclusion,according to the evaluation majority of indoor air,quality was serious pollution.


Heat-transfer rates on the afterbody of the Apollo reentry configuration have been measured in a low-enthalpy wind tunnel at a Mach number of 8. The data have been presented as the ratio of the measured heat-transfer coefficient on the afterbody to the calculated heat-transfer coefficient at the stagnation point at zero angle of attack. This ratio was found to vary from a low of approximately 0.01 to a maximum of about 0.52 as the angle of attack varied from 0 to 55 deg.


Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in women and their infants is a threat, particularly in areas where AIDS virus is endemic. HIV can cross the placenta, or infect infants at birth, leading to a 25-50% risk of infection in children of infected women. In Rwanda, for example, 20% of AIDS victims are children. 300 children have died of AIDS in the U.S. Newborns progress to AIDS and die within 2-3 years, much faster than AIDS development in adults. But HIV cannot always be reliably detected in newborns, since maternal antibodies are measurable for at least 6 months. HIV is known to pass into breast milk, to infect infants who were seronegative at birth, but the precise risk of such transmission is unknown. It would be unwise, however, to advise against breast feeding in developing countries, since bottle-fed babies are likely to die of diarrheal disease and malnutrition. Options for reducing maternal transmission of AIDS virus include counseling HIV-positive women to avoid pregnancy, setting up separate maternity wards for such women, providing sterile needles and a clean blood supply, and further research on detection, drug treatment, prevention, and precise risks of AIDS. Many of these procedures for maternal health care will also improve the quality of maternity care with respect to other conditions.


The purpose of this paper is to provide basic information on how to make better policies that improves efficiencies of urban railways and to derive policy directions using DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Through this paper, I can identify whether or not the urban railway service has an excellent performance, if there are any structural problems. I analyzed the efficiency by means of measuring the technical efficiencies of Korean urban railways, these were estimated with data envelopment analysis. The inputs considered are the length of urban railway lines, the number of staff, the operating cost, the number of cars, the number of stations, and the outputs are the cars movement, the traffic of passenger, and the revenue.


A simple 4-quadrant analogue multiplier based on the exponential terminal behavior of a silicon junction is described. The use of matched high gain transistors in the proposed temperature-compensate configuration simplifies the addition of logarithms and extraction of the antilogarithm. Experiments show that an accuracy of within 5% is easily obtainable.


Thin films of peroxohetero(carbon)polytungstic acid (CW-HPA) and carbon-free isopolytungstic acid (W-IPA) were prepared, and examined in terms of optical and etching properties. Thermal decomposition was found to give good results in removing excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the preparation of CW-HPA and W-IPA. It was shown for the first time that thin films of CW-HPA and W-IPA have very high refractive indices (larger than 2.0) when sufficiently dried. Optical waveguide (OWG) characteristics of these films were examined using a slab-type OWG structure and ARROW (Antiresonance Reflection Optical Waveguide)-type structures. An embossing technique was applied to make diffractional grating couplers.


The crack initiation in the immediate vicinity of the sharp edges of dispers ed inclusions plays an important role in the strength of dispersion composite materials. The purpose of this work is to duscuss the criteria for crack initia tion in the immediate vicinity of the sharp edges, i.e. the maximum hoop stress criterion, the minimum strain-energy density criterion and the max imum principal stress criterion. These criteria are based on the strength of stress singularity at the sharp edges of inclusions. Experiments are performed by using epoxy resin specimens containing a flat steel inclusion. From the ex perimental results, it is found that the maximum principal stress criterion proposed by the authors is the best one for crack initiation in the immediate vicinity of the sharp edges of dispersed inclusions.


Addresses the parameter estimation of a lumped counter-flow one plate heat exchanger. The empirical formulae of the heat transfer are included in the parameters to be estimated. The model is presented in state space form and the algorithm implemented utilizes the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to jointly estimate the model parameters and states in one augmented vector. From the results obtained in the paper the EKF method is better than system identification techniques which use optimization of parameters against a score function from math libraries.


ABSTRACT A study of the precipitation of silver chloride in a micro-emulsion medium is presented. Measurements of turbidity, X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering show, the rapid formation of small crystals, about 60 °A in diameter wliich show no further growth and aggregate only slowly ; the stabilization of these solid particle suspensions, of steric or electrostatic origin, is increased by six orders of magnitude in comparison with aqueous colloidal solutions


The first billion years in the evolution of the Universe mark the formation of the first stars, black holes and galaxies. The radiation from the first galaxies plays an important role in determining the final state of primordial gas collapsing in a neighboring halo. This is due to the fact that the primary coolant for primordial gas is molecular hydrogen, which can be dissociated into atomic hydrogen by Lyman-Werner photons in the energy range $11.2 - 13.6$~eV. While cooling by molecular hydrogen leads to Pop. III star formation, cooling by atomic hydrogen can lead to the formation of a supermassive star (or quasi-star) which results in the formation of a massive $10^{4-5} M_\odot$ black hole, or a direct collapse black hole. The spectrum of this radiation field is critical in order to determine whether a primordial gas cloud forms a Pop. III star or a very massive black hole. We will in the following explore this scenario and discuss how the radiation spectrum influences the outcome of the collapse.


Since 1961 the author has published a series of papers on eggs of moths in The Florida Entomologist. To date papers have appeared on types of eggs among moths (1961) and eggs among Geometridae (1962b), Amatidae, Arctiidae and Notodontidae (1963a), Pyralidae and Phycitidae (1963b), and Noctuidae (1964). This report describes egg types seen among species of two families, Olethreutidae and Tortricidae. The number of species in these families in North America is moderate to large. McDunnough (1939) records 714 species for the Olethreutidae and 211 for the Tortricidae. I have seen the eggs cf more than 25 species of the Olethreutidae; 10 are figured. Many of the remainder have not been determined to species. Eggs from 22 species of the Tortricidae have been seen; 16 are figured. Th3 majority of the eggs seen came from gravid females captured at black light lures located in several states. Captured females were placed individually in polyethylene bags or in wide screw-cap vials lined with polyethylene. Egg depositories, namely small smooth leaves, rough paper or pieces of rough bark, were included in some of the containers. In nature females of these families may deposit their eggs on foliage, fruit, stems, or bark of trees or shrubs and occasionally elsewhere. Eggs of the Olethreutidae are deposited singly (1, 2, 4, 7-10) and scattered or in small irregular clusters (5, 6). Each egg is usually somewhat oval and scale-like in shape with the surface adjacent to the substrate distinctly flattened. T'heir lengths vary from 0.4 to 1.0 millimeters. The vertical height of an egg is usually no greater than one-half the width of the egg. When they occur in clusters some irregular overlapping (5-6) may be present. The color of olethreutid eggs varies from a milky white to light green or yellow. Some are highly translucent. Among translucent eggs (2) all stages of the developing embryo within can be seen, especially if the egg is located on a transparent substrate. Also the color of the substrate may be seen through the egg. This is well illustrated among eggs of the codling moth (10) when located on green foliage. The visible surface of the chorion above the substrate varies somewhat in texture. It may be smooth (1), granular or covered with distinct pimples or dimples (8), or irregular depressions (7) surrounded by minute ridges. The following (1-10) are microphotographs of ten species. All have the same magnification. Fig. 1. Bactra verutana Zell. eggs are oval, scale-like, near white to yellowish, and somewhat translucent. They are deposited singly and scat-


In this paper we discuss a bistatic inverse scattering problem for Maxwell's equations. We show that both the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be uniquely recovered from the knowledge of S(s,θ,θ′) for all s∈R and special pairs of orthonormal vectors (θ,θ′) provided that they are close to constants, where S(s,θ,θ′) is the scattering kernel associated with Maxwell's equations. In other words, in this scattering experiment, measurements are made on a set of a priori arranged pairs of incoming and reflected directions.


Marketing and promoting library services can be a full-time job. In order to maintain a high profile in the hospital community, librarians serve on committees as contributing members (1). This allows them easy access to members of the medical staff and offers opportunities for collaboration and the librarian becomes embedded in the team. Being a permanent member of the committee provides the librarian with networking opportunities, not just within the committee but within the specialties its members represent, therefore expanding the library's opportunities to impact patient care. Following are details of how Cedars-Sinai librarians participated as contributing members of hospital committees.


Aromatherapy is the therapy that employs volatile aromatic elements of the plants, that is, their essential oils. The practice that helps patients to sleep and rest as well as helps on alertness, creativity, among others. The therapeutic massage integrates a set of practices with maneuvers whose goal is to promote health and balance with the body, promoting psychological effects on the skin, visceral pain. This pharmacological components of essential oils are volatile constituents at temperature environment, most of which originate from secondary metabolism produced and stored in their own secretory structures formed in the leaves, flowers, branches, stems or roots of various species usually secreted by glandular trichomes, which have various forms, structures and functions distributed mainly on the surface of the leaves. The identification of essential oil constituents is important for the understanding and prediction of their physiological effects where main studied activities are antimicrobial activity, namely antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral, anxiolytic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antinociceptive effects helpful to develop new clinical aromatherapy protocols.


The genetic relatedness of 16 Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen strains from clinical and food samples in Malaysia was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), plasmid profiling and antibiotic susceptibility tests. All 16 strains were resistant to tetracycline and two gave additional resistance to streptomycin. Plasmid analysis generated eight unique patterns consisting of one to 10 plasmids. The only food isolate had the highest numbers of plasmids. PFGE with three restriction enzymes (RE) AvrII, SpeI, and XbaI resulted in 11, 9 and 12 distinct profiles respectively. XbaI was therefore the most discriminative RE. Salmonella Muenchen strains were quite diverse with 13 different combined subtypes. Three strains (SMC 5, 6, 8) isolated from different parts of Malaysia between March to August 1997, were indistinguishable by all the tests, indicating the prevalence of this subtype of S. Muenchen during study period. Based on SpeI and AvrII restriction, the food isolate was indistinguishable with one the clinical isolates (SMC 16). This study reiterates the usefulness of PFGE for both long-term and short-term epidemiological study of salmonellosis. The technique is highly discriminative, reproducible, and easy to perform and results could be obtained within 2 days. The data also suggest that multiple subtypes of Salmonella Muenchen are endemic in Malaysia and coexist simultaneously to cause sporadic cases of gastroenteritis.


Standard model predictions for neutrino–electron scattering cross-sections, including effects of electroweak radiative corrections, are reviewed. The sensitivity of these quantities to neutrino dipole moments, Z' bosons and dynamical symmetry breaking is described. Neutrino indices of refraction in matter are also discussed. A perspective on future initiatives with intense neutrino sources, such as from stopped pion decays at a neutron spallation source, superbeams or neutrino factories, is given.


Security science research is often disseminated in the form of conference papers, presentations, and journal articles. Yet traditional bibliometrics, such as citation counts and journal impact factors, are inadequate for assessing the impact of these publications for a number of reasons [1]--[3]. Existing citation databases, such as ISI Web of Science Journal Citation Reports, Scopus, and Google Scholar, do not always adequately capture the conferences and workshops where many security researchers focus their publication efforts. Computer science focused databases, such as CiteSeerX and dblp, also fall short of capturing venues appropriate for disseminating research in the multidisciplinary and emerging field of security science. Further, any citation-based metric will be a lagging indicator for fields that evolve at an extraordinarily fast pace. Our objective was to develop a scalable method at the publication venue level that would address limitations of existing bibliometrics, be specifically targeted toward the Science of Security (SoS), and that could be used across a large number of publications. To this end, we developed a customized SoS bibliometric based on expert ratings of relevant publication venues. Expert ratings are a preferred alternative for faculty evaluation for tenure and promotion in computing fields[4] which may be useful in evaluating publication venues. To develop our expert based rating system, we first identified venues relevant to the SoS. Included in our list were venues where SoS Lablet papers have been published, venues nominated by Lablet researchers, National Security Agency (NSA) program directors, and SoS experts, and security venues included in other computer science publication venue ranking systems. Venues were excluded if they published less than 10 papers annually, were a one-time only event or a local meeting, a sub-conference of a larger conference already included in the list, or if no relevant information about the venue could be found online, or from the venue's editor or publisher. We validated our list by comparing it to other ranking systems for computer science and security. Ultimately, 170 publication venues were included in our list. Next, we developed a list of experts in security science. The list was compiled from reviewers for the NSA SoS best paper competition, and recommendations from NSA program directors, SoS Lablet PIs, and other SoS experts. Experts were invited to participate and were offered a small honorarium for their contribution. 1 Participating experts (n=21) were instructed to assign a rating for the quality of the publication venue and another rating based on the relevance of the publication venue to the SoS. Numeric ratings of 1 through 4 corresponded to four categories: premier, top tier, middle tier, and bottom tier venues. Ratings were analyzed based on the assumption that the distance between ratings is not consistent, in that the distance between premier venues and top tier venues may be far greater than the distance between top tier and middle tier venues. Therefore, we used the mode of all expert ratings to determine the overall quality and relevance ratings for each venue. We then assigned an overall rating based on the lower of the quality and relevance ratings. Based on expert ratings, three of the 170 (2%) venues were considered premier venues in the SoS: ACM Computer and Communications Security, USENIX Security Symposium, and IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy. Ten percent of venues were rated in the top tier, 48% in the middle tier, and 40% in the bottom tier. As a test case, we used this expert based bibliometric to evaluate the extent to which North Carolina State University SoS Lablet publications are being disseminated through expert rated top tier venues. Of the NCSU SoS Lablet papers published from 2012--2017, approximately 3% appeared in expert rated premier SoS publication venues, 4% appeared in top tier venues, 45% in middle tier venues, and 48% in bottom tier venues. We discuss limitations to this metric, next steps in its development, implications for security researchers seeking to publish in high impact science of security venues, and provide recommendations for future use.


Objective To study the molecular mechanism of Shuganyiyang Capsules in the treatment of erectile dysfunction(ED) in rats.Methods The ED model was established by ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries in male SD rats(3 months old).All rats were divided into the sham-operation group,model group,sidenafil group [10.5 mg/(kg·d)],low-dose Shuganyiyang Capsules group [low-dose group,0.5 mg/(kg·d)] and high-dose Shuganyiyang Capsules group [high-dose group,1 mg/(kg·d)] and given intragastrically relevant medicinal for 30 days.Then the tissue of cavernous body of penis were collected and mRNA expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) of NOS pathway,cGMP and phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5) were detected by using fluorescent quantitative PCR,and the protein expressions of eNOS and PDE5 were detected by using Western blotting.Results The expressions of eNOS and cGMP decreased significantly(P0.01) and PDE5 expression increased significantly(P0.01) in the model group compared with those in the sham-operation group.The expressions of eNOS and cGMP increased significantly(P0.05),and the expression of PDE5 decreased significantly(P0.05) in the sidenafil group and high-dose group compared with those in the model group.The difference of PDE5 expression was not significant between the high-dose group and sidenafil group(P0.05).Conclusion Shuganyiyang Capsules can improve significantly the expressions of eNOS and cGMP,and inhibit the expression of PDE5 in the tissue of cavernous body of penis in ED rats induced by ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries.It has a similar effect with sidenafil on PDE5,which maybe the important mechanism of it in the treatment of arteriogenic ED.


Digital media explosion has led to an exponential increase of the amount of data generated worldwide and the need for new means of storage able to keep up with the current growth of digital information has become a critical challenge. During the last decade, DNA has been proven to be a potential candidate thanks to its biological properties allowing to store information at high density (215 petabytes in 1 gram) for centuries. In previous works we have presented an end-to-end storage workflow specifically designed for the efficient storage of images onto synthetic DNA and proven its feasibility in a wet-lab experiment in which sequencing was performed using the Illumina machine. In this work we are studying the sequencing using rather the MinION sequencer on the same data after being stored in a sealed capsule for two years. MinION is a very promising sequencer although introducing a much higher error rate in the process of reading. In this paper, we propose a solution to deal with the MinION sequencing noise allowing to recover the original stored data.


The article deals with the question of forming organizational culture that should become a stimulating environment for permanent creation and adaptation of novelties in business processes by the staff of a company, which develops an innovation strategy, from the point of view of management sociology.


DNA three-way junctions are frequently used in nanoarchitectures. Ligand-dependent designs that provide well-characterized building blocks for structure-switching DNA nanodevices are presented.


We study a multihop "virtual" full-duplex relay channel as a special case of a general multiple multicast relay network. For such a channel, quantize-map-and-forward (QMF) [and its generalization of noisy network coding (NNC) and short message NNC] achieves the cut-set upper bound within a constant additive gap, where the gap grows <italic>linearly</italic> with the number of relay stages <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This gap, however, may not be acceptable for practical communication systems with multihop transmissions (e.g., a wireless backhaul operating at high frequencies). Recently, we improved the capacity scaling by using a forward sliding-window (SW) decoding and by optimizing the quantization level at each relay, obtaining the gap that grows <italic>logarithmically</italic> as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\log {K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the improved scheme has lower decoding complexity and delay than the general QMF and NNC approaches. In this paper, we further improve the performance by presenting a <italic>mixed</italic> scheme in which each relay can perform either decode-and-forward (DF) or the improved QMF (with SW decoding) and can choose to perform rate-splitting to enable partial interference cancellation. In general, the optimization of the relay DF/QMF configuration is combinatorial. Nevertheless, we provide that a simple greedy algorithm finds an optimal configuration under some practically reasonable assumptions. We derive an achievable rate that is easily computable and show that the proposed mixed scheme outperforms the QMF-only schemes. We demonstrate that the performance improvement increases with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which indicates that the mixed scheme is indeed beneficial for multihop transmission.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to describe the research literature on the science of children's resilience and show its application to parenting interventions for high-risk families. Information about the design and conduct of pilot work to develop a parent program with homeless mothers was included to illustrated this application. Design/methodology/approach – The design of this report was descriptive. The scientific rationale for promoting children's resilience. The scientific rationale for strengthening children's resilience by focusing on parent's promotion of attachment, executive function skills, and stress/reduction mindfulness was detailed, and the design and format of a pilot parent program was outlined. Findings – Substantial research evidence affirmed the importance of strengthening children's resilience in high-risk families. Details from pilot work with homeless mothers illustrated the process by which activities were included in workshops to promote children's resilience. Future wor...


This article is focused on the constitutional and legal analysis of the need to develop a model code of ethics for a representative of a public control entity in the Russian Federation. The paper substantiates the role and place of the institute of public control as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and public participation in the management of state affairs, as well as the importance of representatives of subjects of public control as key participants in its activities. The article examines modern legal requirements for the behavior of representatives of the subjects of public control, justi-fies the need to develop and adopt at the federal level a model code of ethics of these representatives, analyz-es the various authors' points of view on the relevance of this code of ethics for the development of the public control entity. Analysis of the main problems hindering the development and implementation of the specified model code of ethics is carried out in the work, the system of measures to resolve them is developed and justi-fied.


First language acquisition is a novel enterprise, and a welcome one. It is essentially a textbook, but rather than joining the ranks of introductory texts on child language, it is designed for the reader already initiated in the study of language development. The goals and perspective of the book are clearly set out. It seeks to present a selection of work on early language development which has its roots in linguistics, but draws significantly on other disciplines. This means that, following current linguistics, language is taken to be a complex system of representation which requires explanation in its own right, and language development is treated as the development of this system. Consequently, the primary focus of the book is the development of phonology, syntax and semantics. It says little about the development of language function or use, and discusses language input to children largely with reference to the possible effects of input on the acquisition of language structure. Given this scope, it aims for a level of depth and detail which will not only familiarize the reader with current methods, descriptions and theories, but will lay the foundations for practising in the field. Ingram approaches these goals from a rather personal perspective on the assumptions underlying work in this area.


My experience as MTESOL student made me have an interest in the effectiveness of feedback to a L2 class. As an ESL student beginner, I was only exposed to a few methods of corrective feedback. However, my progress in the field has exposed me to other forms of corrective feedback. Due to the current exposure, I have known more about the effectiveness of corrective feedback for the acquisition of L2.


Using micro data from eleven European countries, we investigate the impact of being socially active on cognition in older age. Cognitive abilities are measured through scores on numeracy, fluency and recall tests. We address the endogeneity of social activities through panel data and instrumental variable methods. We find that social activities have an important positive effect on cognition, with the results varying by gender. Fluency is positively affected only in females, while numeracy only in males. Finally, recall is affected in both sexes. We also show that social activities, through their effect on cognition, influence positively households' economic welfare.


The energetic use of biomass is a key tool in efforts to mitigate climate change. Bioenergy is usually produced in a decentralised manner and is constantly available through the use of sewage and waste products such as agricultural waste. Biogas, liquid and solid biofuels replace fossil energy sources, leading to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and numerous co-benefits such as improved air quality in the relevant regions.


In the article classification of factors of currency formation is carried out in basis of that their dividing is fixed into four basic groups, namely: political, economic, psychological and technical, influence of the factors offered by an author is considered on the dynamics of exchange course of national monetary item, the special attention is spared exactly to the economic factors. Keywords: rate of exchange, inflation rates, level of interest rates, currency speculations, balance payments deficit, level of the labour productivity, state external debt.


The present invention specifically relates to a method of performing damage etching and texturing of a single crystal silicon substrate for use as a solar cell or a photovoltaic cell. Damage etching with a TMAH solution, followed by texturing using a solution of KOH or NaOH mixed with IPA, is particularly advantageous. Substitution of some of the IPA with ethylene glycol further improves the results. Also disclosed is a method of combining both damage etch and texturing etch in a single step.


Valle male fire devastated more than 3000ha of Mediterranean maquis and pine forest in July 2009. Simulation of combustion processes as well as atmospherics dynamics represents a challenge for such scenarios because of the scale of the phenomenon. A coupled approach between Meso-NH (Non-Hydrostatic) LES (Large Eddy Simulation) meso/microscale scale atmospheric model and ForeFire area simulator is proposed for predicting fine-scale to large-scale phenomenon's involved in such wildfire, showing that using current supercomputers such simulation is possible in a reasonable time. To be representative of the phenomenon, typical resolution required for the simulation of a fire front combustion must be sub-meter (to represent an explicit flame thickness) while atmospheric simulation of a typical domain (several tens of square kilometres) may not be performed at a resolution of finer than 50 meters in a reasonable computational time. The two-way coupling in a Meso-NH/ForeFire simulation typically involve the surface wind to drive the fire, heat (combustion) and water vapour fluxes to be injected in the atmosphere at each atmospheric time step. The ForeFire code has been built so that several front velocity function could be easily defined and applied at different locations of the surface (e.g. a fire front velocity model could be different in forest with canopy than in grassland), likewise surface combustion models can be added and defined in the same way to force the atmospheric model. Meso-NH and ForeFire resolutions are independent and the computational time needed by the surface model is a typically a fraction of the atmospheric simulation. The most active part of the Valle male fire lasted 10 hours, while the computation of the 24 millions grid points took 9 hours on 900 computer cores.


Purpose To report the clinical features of uveal metastases in a geographic region associated with high tobacco use. Methods Medical records from all patients diagnosed with uveal metastasis at a single tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features and the primary tumor site associated with each metastatic lesion were recorded. Results Ninety-nine uveal metastatic tumors were identified in 85 eyes of 74 patients (34 males). Median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Median tumor diameter was 11.6 mm and median height was 3.1 mm. Carcinoma of the lung was the most common primary tumor occurring in 37 patients (50%) followed by breast in 16 patients (21%). Among females, metastatic lesions originated from the lung in 18 patients and from the breast in 16 patients. Median survival following intraocular metastasis was 9 months for patients with a primary lung malignancy and 36 months for patients with breast cancer (log-rank test, P=0.002). Conclusion Intraocular metastasis is more frequently observed in patients with carcinomas of the lung rather than breast at our treatment center. Both regional and global changes in cancer epidemiology most likely account for the findings in this study.


New multicomponent catalytic systems synthesized by modifying zeolites (НМOR17 and HZSM-5) and γ-Al2O3 with metals (Co, Ni), zirconium dioxide and subsequent sulfation and tungestation of the obtained samples. It was shown that the introduction of zirconia into the M/MOR (where M = Co, Ni) system allows one to lower the isomerization temperature by 140-160°С, turning the medium-temperature skeletal-isomerisation catalyst M/MOR into a low-temperature M/MOR/ZrO2. It was found that sulfated Co/MOR/ZrO2/SO42- and Co/HZSM-5/ZrO2/SO42- have a higher isomerization activity, which makes it possible to increase the content of isomeric C5-C6 components with high octane numbers in gas gasoline from 43 to 66%. It was found that upon contacting the gas gasoline with the Co/MOR/ZrO2/SO42- or Co/HZSM-5/ZrO2/SO42- catalytic systems, efficient processing of higher molecular weight C7+ alkanes occurs not only into iso-C5 and C6, but also into n-pentane whose content in contact products rises from 19 to 40%. For the first time it was found that at temperatures of 160-200 °C, impurity gaseous C4- alkanes in the gas gasoline are consumed of when contacted with synthesized catalysts, turning into liquid alkanes. It was established that sulfated catalysts have more isomerizing activity in the low-temperature isomerization conversion of gas gasoline than volframated ones. The effect of the concentration of SO42- ions on the activity of the catalysts was studied and it was found that 2 wt.% is satisfactory for the studied catalysts. The temperature dependence of the activity of the most active of the synthesized catalysts in this process – Co/HZSM-5/ZrO2/SO42-, was studied. The results showed that the optimum temperature for the isomerization functioning of the selected catalyst is 180 oC. The change in the activity of the optimal catalyst (Co/HZSM-5/ZrO2/SO42-) depending on the reaction period was also studied. It was established that with the course of the process, the activity of the catalyst increases and reaches a maximum of 30 minutes work. After this, the activity of the catalyst gradually decreases. In this case, the total concentration of iso-C5 and iso-C6 increases by 22.9% and reaches 66.1%, and the conversion of C7+ components of gas gasoline is 69.2%.


Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 presented a variety of disease spectrums that range from asymptomatic to sepsis with multi-organ dysfunction and death. One of the mechanisms being a hypercoagulable state with micro and macro-circulatory thrombosis is found in critically ill COVID-19 patient with ARDS with pathology consistent with a vascular occlusive aetiology of respiratory failure rather than more classic finding of ARDS. Venous thromboembolism, MI, acute peripheral arterial thrombosis is seen in COVID-19. Endothelial cells dysfunction induced by infection causing excess thrombin generation, fibrinolysins shutdown, hypoxia inducible transcription factor dependent signalling pathways, increasing blood viscosity leading to Hypercoagulable state. Early application of anticoagulant therapy in severe COVID-19 was suggested for improving outcome in patients with elevated d-dimer. Aim of study was comparing effectiveness of LMWH with unfractionated heparin in outcome of COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective observational study including 400 patients meeting inclusion criteria were divided 2 groups out of which 200 patients were treated with inj. LMWH and other 200 were treated with injection heparin and various parameters were compared. A probability value (p value) of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Death rate is seen lower with LMWH in critically ill patients with high discharge rate with minimal lab parameter derangement and high efficacy to lower down inflammatory markers (LDH, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, ESR) in comparison to unfractionated heparin.Conclusions: Early use of LMWH may be beneficial for the outcome.


A modal wavefront sensor for ocular aberrations exhibits two main advantages compared to a conventional Shack–Hartmann sensor. As the wavefront is detected in the Fourier plane, the method is robust against local loss of information (e.g. local opacity of ocular lens as in the case of cataract), and is not dependent on the spatial distribution of wavefront sampling. We have proposed a novel method of wavefront sensing for ocular aberrations that directly detects the strengths of Zernike aberrations. A multiplexed Fourier computer-generated hologram has been designed as the binary phase element (BPE) for the detection of second-order and higher-order ocular aberrations (HOAs). The BPE design has been validated by comparing the simulated far-field pattern with the experimental results obtained by displaying it on a spatial light modulator. Simulation results have demonstrated the simultaneous wavefront detection with an accuracy better that ∼λ/30 for a measurement range of ±2.1λ with reduced cross-talk. Sensor performance is validated by performing a numerical experiment using the City data set for test waves containing second-order and HOAs and measurement errors of 0.065 µm peak-to-valley (PV) and 0.08 µm (PV) have been obtained, respectively.


Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is related to altered functions in the dopaminergic and GABAergic pathways of cortical and subcortical brain areas The hyperactivity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is commonly modelled in rats after neonatal lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and amphetamines are effective in reducing hyperactivity in this animal model. Our objectives were to evaluate whether cocaine reverses the motor hyperactivity of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and to verify cocaine effects in altered mRNA expression of α2, α4, β1 and β2-GABAA subunits and GAD isoenzymes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. On PND4, 6-OHDA-lesioned or sham rats received 6-OHDA (100 μg intracisternal) or vehicle. Cocaine solution (0.1 mg/ml/day) was offered when adult for 23 days, using the two-bottle choice procedure. The subjects were evaluated in an open-field on the last day of cocaine treatment. 6-OHDA-lesioned rats showed increased locomotion and this hyperactivity was reversed during cocaine self-administration. 6-OHDA lesion caused an increase in the mRNA expression of GABAA subunits in specific brain areas and GAD isoenzymes in the hippocampus and striatum. Increased GAD65 and decreased GAD67 mRNA expression were also shown in the prefrontal cortex. Cocaine self-administration attenuated the effects of 6-OHDA lesions on the mRNA expression of α2-GABAA and β2-GABAA subunits in the prefrontal cortex, reversed the mRNA expression of α2-GABAA subunits in the striatum and of α4-GABAA subunits in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampus, and reversed the mRNA expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in the brain areas studied. Our findings suggest that cocaine reverses some mRNA changes of GABAA subunits and GAD isoenzymes in reward circuits and the behavioural hyperactivity caused by 6-OHDA lesion.


This paper presents a lightweight true random number generator (TRNG) using beta radiation that is useful for Internet of Things (IoT) security. In general, a random number generator (RNG) is required for all secure communication devices because random numbers are needed to generate encryption keys. Most RNGs are computer algorithms and use physical noise as their seed. However, it is difficult to obtain physical noise in small IoT devices. Since IoT security functions are required in almost all countries, IoT devices must be equipped with security algorithms that can pass the cryptographic module validation programs of each country. In this regard, it is very cumbersome to embed security algorithms, random number generation algorithms, and even physical noise sources in small IoT devices. Therefore, this paper introduces a lightweight TRNG comprising a thin‐film beta‐radiation source and integrated circuits (ICs). Although the ICs are currently being designed, the IC design was functionally verified at the board level. Our random numbers are output from a verification board and tested according to National Institute of Standards and Technology standards.


Enhancing rural resilience plays an important role in sustaining rural development when certain rural communities' decline becomes an inevitable process in the world. The paper evaluates China's rural resilience and investigates the spatio-temporal differences of rural resilience across the country in the period 2000–2018. Theoretical analysis indicates that rural resilience determines how and to what extent rural communities interact with external challenges. Empirical analysis shows a slight increasing tendency of China's rural resilience that remains below the median level. Rural resilience in Eastern China, which has a developed economy, is higher than that in Central and Western China. Compared with social resilience and engineering resilience, economic resilience is found to be the key restriction factor to China's rural resilience in the research period. This is mainly attributed to rural laborers' outflow to cities. The same findings are also seen in China's three regions. Policy implication emphasizes the importance of prioritizing rural economic growth to realize China's rural revitalization strategy.


Unfavourable developlent along with the alarming growth of ecological damages did enhance an international co-operation. The Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmissions of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP)was initiated as a special programme under the UN ECE for Europe. The national network of SHMI regional stations is a part od the EMEP monitoring system. It´s goal is to monitor, model and evaluate long range transport of air pollutants in Europe and to elaborate a basis for the strategy to reduce European emissions.


At the present time, production commitments require that each of the two dissolvers used at the Redox Plant be charged with 4.95 tons of irradiated metal every other day. After the aluminum jackets are removed from the slugs, the uranium is dissolved in three ``outs`` of 1.65 tons each. Because meteorological conditions often limit the time when the radioactive dissolver off gases may be emitted without contamination of the surrounding area, the dissolving requirements are frequently too great to maintain the required dissolver charging schedule. Unless the dissolving time cycles (or the meteorological limitations) can be reduced to assure that charging every other day can be maintained, phase 2 rates cannot be met even after activation of the third (spare) dissolver. As a means of reducing the dissolver time cycle and enabling the charging of each dissolver on alternate days throughout the year, a proposal was submitted that each dissolver charge be dissolved in two cuts of 2.475 tons each. This report presents the results of the plant test to determine the operational feasibility and relative merits of this proposal. Moreover, the information obtained may be used on a supplemental basis for the design of the Purex Plant dissolvers. 3more » refs., 3 tabs.« less