The internationalization of conflict in Laos between the two Geneva conferences of 1954 and 1962 forms an important aspect in the history of international relations. During the cold war period, the problem of Laos was exacerbated due to strategic location of Laos and national interest of external actors. The present paper would endeavour to analyze various ramifications of conflict in Laos. The landlocked country of Lao People's Democratic Republic has passed through vicissitudes of history facing problems like foreign invasion, external interference, and ideological conflict. Beginning from First Indochina War (1946-1954), fate of Laos was linked very closely with that of Vietnam. With the escalation of conflict, a solution to problem of Laos was nowhere in sight. The collapse of Dien Bien Phu on 7 May 1954 ended the French colonial rule. The Geneva Conference of 1954 did not solve the problem. The politics of Laos revolved round three major groups; Pathet Lao, neutralists and the rightists. Both the United States and North Vietnam came into conflict, as they were committed to help their respective allies in Laos, and regarded the other"s action in Laos as harmful to their interest in South Vietnam. An agreement on Laos became contingent upon ending the war in Vietnam. The net result of outside intervention was prolongation of conflict in Laos. The gulf between the internal factions in Laos widened, and the freedom of choice was restricted for the belligerents in Laos. Problem of Laos remained unsolved and there was de facto partition of the country. The civil war soon became internationalized. Each side drew outside support, and the external support aggravated the conflict.


: A collection of information or data is stored in a database and database management system is a software which is used to handle the database. The main purpose of database management system software is to insert, delete, update, and retrieve the information or data in a secure manner. There exists various database management system software is available such as Oracle, MySql, Mongo etc. therefore it is difficult for user to choose the suitable Database Management System software which benefits for his applications. In this paper the role of Sql and NoSql databases such as Oracle, MySql, and Mongo Database Management System software is discussed also the comparison of above stated database management system software is being carried out to identify the suited software depending upon application for identification which one is beneficial or useful for which applications.


Recently,many researches focus on relationship between urokinase-type plasminogen activator/its receptor/its inhibitors system(uPA/uPAR/PAI) and inflammatory joint disease(IJD).uPA/uPAR/PAI may promote synovial hyperplasia,destroy arthrodial cartilage and bone in IJD.We overview recent studies with an aim of searching new ways and targets to prevent and cure IJD.


Objective To study the influence of clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical treatment of gastric cancer on patients' survival rate.Methods From Apr.1994 to Aug.2005, the data of 759 gastric cancer patients concerning surgical treatment, pathological diagnosis and outcome were collected. Retrospective analysis of the results was made, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier curve method, univariate analysis was done through Log-rank and multiple factors comparison through Cox regression analysis, and follow-up duration was 4-131 months.Results Single factor analysis indicated that age,tumor location,diameter of tumor, Borrmann type, type of histology, TNM stage, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, blood of transfusion during operation, extent of the radical cure of the tumor and excision techniques were significantly influential factors for the prognosis of patients. Cox regression analysis showed that tumor location, diameter of tumor,depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis, TNM stage, peritoneal dissemination, blood transfusion during operation, extend of the radical cure of the tumor and excision techniques were independent factors influencing the postoperative survival rate.Conclusion Independent factors influencing the postoperative survival rate include tumor location, diameter of tumor, lymph node metastasis, infiltration depth of the tumor, pathological classification, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and TNM stage, extent of the radical cure of the tumor, lymphanodectomy techniques and blood transfusion during operation are also important factors.


Abstract Samples of reactor graphite have been irradiated at 77°K with neutrons and earlier work with electrons has been extended to higher doses to enable comparison to be made. Changes in the electrical resistance, magneto-resistance, Hall constant and dynamic and static Young's moduli have been studied as a function of irradiation dose and annealing. It was found that the rate of change of the properties as a function of the number of displaced atoms differed for the two types of irradiation. Estimates of the number of trapped electrons and changes in the carrier mobility show that there are more trapped electrons per displaced atom for the neutron irradiations, but the scattering power of the traps is the same in both cases. Analysis of the changes in Young's moduli shows that neutron irradiation produces damage in which some of the interstitials are already clustered. Inverse annealing effects occur in the electrical properties in the range 100–160°k and in the mechanical properties in the range 200–...


Abstract— Data are presented from 14 sites where continuous measurements of the sun's shortest ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface have been made for four or more years. Average daily dose per month and its variability from year to year is shown for each station. Some of the many influences affecting these measurements can be discerned by station intercomparisons. No consistent long term change in solar UV‐B radiation reaching the ground is evident.


There is something singularly pathetic about a national dream based on an aging one-time dictator and the memory of a woman who has been dead for 20 years. Time, November 27, 1972 Long Live Germany! Long Live Argentina! Long Live Austria! Adolf Eichmann, gallows statement, 1962 In February 1999 a New York Times article appearing in the annual magazine supplement entitled "The Sophisticated Traveler" noted, with some amazement, that Buenos Aires was a modern city. (1) What explains the surprised reaction of the American author and his assumption, as indicated by the name of the special edition, that this would also be a startling revelation to his presumably well-educated audience? The short answer is that the author's serendipitous discovery of Buenos Aires' modernity is a reflection of a dominant narrative about Argentina wherein most cultural references to Argentina in the United States revolve around events and personages of five and six decades ago. But the placement of Argentina outside the temporal boundaries occupied by the United States requires a more complex set of questions. Why is Argentina frozen in the Peronist moment in the U.S. popular imagination and why would a static cast of characters, most long dead, from the Peron era still provoke interest and controversy in the United States after 50 years? This essay seeks to explain the continuing cultural relevance of Peronist Argentina in the U.S. popular imagination by examining the evolution of the mythology and iconography of Peronist Argentina since 1955. In the absence of any open conflict between the two nations, the American media in the late 20th century concentrated, sometimes obsessively, on two ultimately related phenomena: Eva Peron and the existence of escaped Nazis in Argentina. This focus dwarfs all Argentine leaders subsequent to Peron as well as the compelling saga of Argentina's ongoing, frequently violent struggle to define itself. I argue that the post-1955 American commodification of specific myths and images has preserved Argentina in a cultural amber while simultaneously utilizing Peronist Argentina, or an American version of it, as a source of ever-changing signifiers, adaptable to marketing strategies and current domestic debates ranging from the United States' obligation to uphold Western civilization, to the battle over properly remembering the Holocaust, to the role of women in the public arena. El Vivo Between the steady glare of the media spotlight trained on Eva Peron during her years as a public figure and the resurgence of interest in her person in the 1970s, it is difficult to conceive of a time when Evita was not a hotly debated celebrity more famous than her husband. Yet in the years following her death in 1952 and the bizarre circumstances surrounding the reappearance of her corpse in 1971 (it disappeared in 1955), Evita was nearly a forgotten figure outside of Argentina. During this period there were almost no popular or scholarly books or articles produced in the United States about La Presidenta and no visual media treatments at all. (2) The only notable mention of Evita in the U.S. media in the years immediately after Peron's ouster revisited earlier depictions of the dying La Presidenta as a fulcrum for Argentine violence. The New York Times reported in 1957 that celebrations of the anniversary of Evita's death precipitated riots, street fighting, and injuries from police-administered tear gas. (3) There was no further substantive mention of Evita until 1970. But the very much alive Juan Peron, identified in 1957 by Time magazine as the personification of the Latin type known as el vivo, the "crafty live one," (4) secured a place in the American public imagination, if only for the short time between the birth and rebirth of Evitamania. The U.S. media fascination with Peron as the Argentine El Vivo is an unexplored but important component in the political and cultural context that explains the resurrection of Evita's celebrity in the 1970s. …


As the flash memory has increased the market share of data storage in imbedded system and occupied the most of area in a system, It has a profound impact on system reliability. Flash memory is divided NOR/NAND-type according to the cell array structure, and is classified as SLC(Single Level Cell)/MLC(Multi Level Cell) according to reference voltage. Although NAND-type flash memory is slower than NOR-type, but it has large capacity and low cost. Also, By the effect of demanding mobile market, MLC NAND-type is widely adopted for the purpose of the multimedia data storage. Accordingly, Importance of fault detection algorithm is increasing to ensure MLC NAND-type flash memory reliability. There are many researches about the testing algorithm used from traditional RAM to SLC flash memory and it detected a lot of errors. But the case of MLC flash memory, testing for fault detection, there was not much attempt. So, In this paper, Extend SLC NAND-type flash memory fault detection algorithm for testing MLC NAND-type flash memory and try to reduce these differences.


Proposed low-energy {beta}-beam facilities would be capable of producing intense beams of neutrinos (antineutrinos) with well-defined spectra. We present analytic expressions and numerical results that accurately show how the total neutrino flux reaching the detector depends on the geometry of the source and the detector. Several authors have proposed measurements which require using different flux shapes. We show that detectors of different sizes and shapes will receive neutrino fluxes with different spectral shapes and that the spectral shape will also be different in different regions of the same detector. Our findings also show that for certain measurements, systematic uncertainties and run time can be reduced.


The δ 1 8 θ values of 108 basaltic samples from Holes 417A, 417D, and 418A range from 6.0 to 26.4%o. The analyses of separated igneous minerals and anhydrous basalts prove that initially the magmas had δ 1 8 θ values of 5.8°/oo, identical to all other unaltered mid-ocean ridge basalts. The highest δ 1 8 θ samples in all three holes are highly altered hyaloclastites, breccias, and flow margins. The δO-enriched nature of the basalts, in contrast to the normal δ 1 8 θ of igneous minerals, the high δ 1 8 θ values of 29 carbonates and one clay, prove that the wide variability of δ 1 8 θ values in the samples is due to alteration or weathering by cold sea water. A pronounced 1 O gradient with depth is found in Hole 417A, and lesser ones are found in the other two holes. The basalts from the lower parts of these holes have the same isotopic compositions as do basalts from young DSDP sites. Basalts from the upper parts of Holes 417D and 418A are about as enriched in 1 O as are Cretaceous and Jurassic samples from some previous DSDP legs. Those of Hole 417A are much richer in 1 O. Analyses of carbonates indicate a geothermal gradient of about 10°C/100 meters in Hole 417A but 5°C/100 meters in 418A. The general pattern of δ 1 8 θ of DSDP basalts with age is that of a rapid increase to about 7.5700 in the first 10 to 20 m.y., followed by a much slower rise to about 9%o. This pattern is strikingly similar to that observed for changes in seismic velocity in the upper crust, suggesting that low-temperature alteration or weathering causes the progressive change in geophysical properties associated with the aging of the sea floor. A simple model of the low-temperature alteration of the oceanic crust can be deduced from comparisons of the δ 1 8 θ data from Holes 417A, 417D, and 418A with analyses from other DSDP and dredged basalts of known age. The new sea floor is open to cold sea water circulation, which weathers the basalts more or less uniformly to a depth of at least 600 meters. The massive circulation ceases after about 10 m.y., but that is sufficient time to have had the δ 1 8 θ of the rocks raised to about 7.5%o. Some low-temperature alteration proceeds in the upper few hundred meters of the old oceanic crust but at a much slower rate and at a slightly warmer temperature, causing the O-gradients mentioned above. In addition, there are highly transmissive units throughout the crust through which sea water can circulate for much longer times (25 to 50 m.y.). The geochemical differences between Holes 417A and 417D or 418A can be attributed to the exposure of 417A to cold sea water for a much longer period.


DREB2 (dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 2)-type transcription factors play a critical role in the stress-related regulation network in plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a DREB2 homolog from Malus sieversii Roem., designated MsDREB2C (GenBank accession No. JQ790526). MsDREB2C localized to the nucleus and transactivated reporter genes in yeast strain YGR-2. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that MsDREB2C was constitutively expressed and significantly induced by drought, salt, cold, heat and ABA. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing MsDREB2C exhibited increased root and leaf growth and proline levels, and reduced water loss and stomatal aperture. The transcriptional level of genes that function downstream of dehydra-tion-responsive elements was greater in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in wild-type plants under control and abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, constitutive expression of MsDREB2C repressed the expression of pathogen-esis-related ( PR ) genes and the activity of peroxidase in transgenic plants under control and pathogenic conditions. As a result, transgenic plants were more tolerant to drought, heat and cold, but more sensitive to Pst DC3000 ( Pseudomonas syringae pv . tomato DC3000) infection than control plants. b -Glucuronidase expression analysis of the MsDREB2C promoter in transgenic tobacco plants showed that MsDREB2C was mainly expressed in the vascular tissues and seeds. Deletion analysis identified the regulatory regions responsible for the plant's response to drought (–831 to (cid:2) 680), ABA (–831 to (cid:2) 680 and (cid:2) 335 to (cid:2) 148), salt (–831 to (cid:2) 335), cold (–1,317 to (cid:2) 831 and (cid:2) 335 to (cid:2) 148) and heat (–335 to (cid:2) 148).


Theme display issue with Twenty Fourteen · Issue #15 · pfefferle/wordpress-uf2

I'm not currently using it, so it's not a priority (and it may not


A coding technique that is based on flash helping is proposed for communicating over additive noise channels where a helper observes the noise and can describe it to the encoder over a noise-free rate-limited bit pipe. The technique is applicable irrespective of whether the helper observes the noise causally or noncausally. On the single-user channel of general noise, the rate it achieves is the sum of the channel's capacity without a helper and the rate of the bit pipe. For Gaussian noise and under an average-power constraint, it is optimal. Analogous results are derived for the additive noise multiple-access channel and the single-user Exponential channel. The approach is applicable also in some (noncausal) discrete settings, as demonstrated on the discrete modulo-additive noise channel.


The effect of finite magnetic field on the excitation, generation, and amplification of slow electromagnetic waves at THz frequency in a magnetized plasma waveguide with elliptical cross section is investigated. In configuration mentioned above, there are two electron beams with opposite directions as energy sources, and the role of magnetic field power on the appearance of the number of dispersion branches is analysed. It is shown that with increasing magnetic field, the field profiles of hybrid waves are increased in regions where the interaction of waves and electron beams are optimized. It is also shown that by applying the magnetic field, generation of THz frequencies can be easy to obtain in comparison to the unmagnetized case. In other words, by applying a finite magnetic field, better THz excitation occurs in the absence of high accelerating voltage. Increasing growth rate which can be achieved with increasing static magnetic field is also investigated. In this paper, because of high longitudinal ...


Numerical technique enables rapid, approximate analyses of electronic circuits containing linear and nonlinear elements. Practiced in variety of computer languages on large and small computers; for circuits simple enough, programmable hand calculators used. Although some combinations of circuit elements make numerical solutions diverge, enables quick identification of divergence and correction of circuit models to make solutions converge.


Using phosphyotungstic acid as catalyst, ehtyl cinnamates are synthesized by esteification. Under the molar ratio of alcohol to acid 12:1,the amount of catalyst is 2. 8%(based on the total reactants),reaction lime is 2. 0h,reaction temperature is 100-110 ℃,and the yield is 95.3%.


This paper indicates a basic constraint on angular resolution of targets using monopulse measurements. The specific case at hand is the angular resolution of several broadcasting targets by a passive, standard, four-horn amplitude monopulse system. It is shown that when all broadcasting targets emit spectrally equivalent wide-sense stationary signals and the antenna and target geometry are fixed, the signals presented to the radar signal processor are equivalent to those of a canonical complex of threee broadcasting targets, one at an arbitrary angle ¿¿, one at a null of the sum channel pattern, and one at a null of the difference channel pattern. In the case of broadband flat spectral transmission, two of the three targets in the canonical complex cannot be distinguished from receiver noise. A simple method for determining the angle (or angles) at which a monopulse antenna will attempt to track a broadcasting target complex is presented. Generalizations of this theory to active and/or more complicated monopulse systems are possible.


The article is interested from the point of view of the research at the interaction between the nomadic state and a settled agricultural empire after the long years of military confrontation, with the use of religious mechanisms in the regions, which in the recent past had been the subject of a dispute. The article presents the stages of the formation and existence of the phenomenon of pilgrimage missions "Mangja" by Oirat nomads to Tibet and Kokunor, and its impact on the political and economic sphere of the region. The author shows the approximate composition of the participants and the route of these missions. Satisfying the spiritual needs of pilgrimage groups, a trading activities and the collection of information were integral companions of the Zunghar "Mangja" missions to Qing Tibet and Kokunor, which also stimulated the Qing authorities to respond enthusiastically to these events and develop relevant institutions in this domains. The article shows how this phenomenon was seen by the Zunghars and by the Qing authorities and what components it consisted of. With the ϐinal victory over the nomadic state in the middle of the 18th century, the Qing Empire interrupted the practice of this kind in international contact.


The information and communications technology (ICT) manufacturing sector is one of the key employers worldwide and has undergone dramatic evolutions in the last decades. These evolutions stem from massive reconfigurations in the industry (vertical disintegration, specialization, outsourcing and relocation of production to cheaper countries) which began in the early 1980s leading to a deep transformation in the international division of labour. This paper investigates the evolutions of the supply chain in the sector since 2000 and discusses the impact of these evolutions in terms of distribution of the value added across firms and across countries. During this period, most of the production activities have migrated to East Asia and particularly China, and firms in developed economies have specialized in more strategic activities such as design, development or marketing. Data show large relocations of jobs across countries which have not been accompanied yet by an equivalent change in the distribution of value added. This apparent paradox is largely explained by the vertical specialization of firms and countries as shown by different products case-studies. Hence, economic development depends more on the position in the value than on the simple participation to it. The opportunities and conditions for economic upgrading in the ICT value chain are discussed through the two examples of Taiwanese contract manufacturers and Chinese mobile phone companies. We show that the high modularity of the sector lowers the entry barriers for newcomers but might also turn out to be a disadvantage for less technologically capable firms in the longer term.


Universities began their academic activity as elite institutions, building science and teaching that knowledge to a specific audience drawn from the higher social prestige classes: privileged institutions with privileged professional tasks and a privileged audience. More recently, most universities have moved in the direction of democratization, opening recruitment of teachers and researchers to those of diversified origins and directing their teaching toward a wider audience, heterogeneous in terms of gender, class, phenotype, culture and so on, thereby democratizing (at least partially1) access to knowledge produced in the academy. To this low-intensity democratization of universities is added the reflection of Bourdieu (1982), according to which the value of the diploma, outside of the school system, is associated with the value of its bearer in economic and social terms. This means that a diploma, achieved at the same university, corresponding to the same course, will have different values in the labor market due to the value of the bearer, which will differ according to the class of belonging, gender, phenotype and so on. Undeniably the value of universities lies in the production of the 'powerful knowledge' (Young, 2011) – that is, the knowledge that gives power and social prestige to their holders (knowledge as 'property'2), democratizes access to scientific knowledge, and constructs reflexive societies (Beck, 1992) by encouraging the ability to think by oneself, thus building the foundation for a greater humanization of human beings and social life. In discussing the role of universities within the communities to which they belong (but also for the wider society and the multiple societies that are part of universities through the plethora of students from different countries of the world), it is important to understand the meaning that they possess for the different surrounding social groups and vice versa. Based on the reflection of the author as a researcher and university teacher over the past 22 years, this book chapter is presented as a humble theoretical contribution to thinking about the role of the university in its


The purpose of this study is to show the aspects of change in pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) which were written systematically in several books from 13th century to 20th century. The main results of study are: First, pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are divided into two groups: one is words which changed their forms and the other is changed words. And changed words are again divided into two groups: one is the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and the other is the extinction of words. Second, the most pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) are classified as words which alternate forms with the change in phonological system. On the other hand, changed words are more less relative. Third, 59 words were analyzed in this study. There were 30 words which show the coexistence of existing words and new synonyms, and 29 words which show the extinction. The ratio between two are similar. The time when the changed words occurred mainly is the beginning of 20th century and the Middle Korean. Especially, there are many synonyms which are not related to the existing words in the beginning of 20th century. There were 94 new synonyms which are around twice of 40 extinct words. 36 of 40 extinct words are caused by the competition between synonyms, which is 90 percent of all reasons. Fourth, the order of high frequency in appearance of new synonyms is 20c > 17c > 15?16c. the order of extinction of words is 16c > 15c > 17c. 15?16c and 20c are symmetric. There were a lot of extinction in 15?16c and a lot of formation in 20c. 15th and 20th century show higher frequency than other centuries. Since 15th century is the time when many words became extinct after 13th century, 20th century is the time when many compound words occurred. More research is needed in order to discover the reason why 17th century has high percentage. This study shows the limit from the fact that analyzation comes from only documental language. Assumption of the periods of formation and extinction of synonyms is indefinite. However, this study has its meaning in grasping the point of aspects of diachronic change of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies). In the future, it is necessary to establish the category of pharmaceutical names(Hyangjak vocabularies) and to study them systematically.


The construction of the one-vault station Kobylisy has been carried out within the framework of the Phase 1 of the operational section IV of the Prague Metro line C (the IVC1 line). The large station cavern has been excavated for the first time in the Prague metro network. It will undisputedly become a new and very interesting underground dominant appreciated not only by the professional public but also by passengers. The station is located in the centre of the Kobylisy district, within a relatively densely developed area with many major utilities and roads. The station has been built in complex geology and unfavourable geotechnical conditions. This is why the large cavern excavation required comprehensive and extensive application of most of the currently available geotechnical methods and measurements.


In this paper, we study deployment patterns to achieve full coverage and k -connectivity (k ≤ 6) under different ratios of the sensor communication range (denoted by Rc) to the sensing range (denoted by Rs) for homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In particular, we propose new patterns for 3- and 5-connectivity. We also discover that there exists a hexagon-based universally elemental pattern that can generate all known optimal patterns. The previously proposed Voronoi-based approach cannot be applied to prove the optimality of the new patterns due to their special features. We propose a new deployment-polygon-based methodology. We prove the optimality of deployment patterns to achieve 3-connectivity, 4-connectivity, and 5-connectivity for certain ranges of Rc/Rs, respectively, and prove the optimality of deployment patterns to achieve 6-connectivity under all ranges of Rc/Rs.


We verify an explicit inequality conjectured recently by Gilmer, thus proving that for any nonempty union-closed family $\mathcal F \subseteq 2^{[n]}$, some $i\in [n]$ is contained in at least $\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2} \approx 0.38$ fraction of the sets in $\mathcal F$. One case, an explicit one-variable inequality, is checked by computer calculation.


(57) Abstract: aspect of the present invention is a cosmetic composition having a gloss improvement. Cosmetic composition comprises at least one film-forming agent having a high gloss of the present invention, i.e., a glossy film former having a greater than 50% gloss effect measurements, at least one thickening agent, at least one wax It contains. The combination of thickener and wax is present in an amount of gloss effect measurements of the composition are combined so as to be greater than 50%. Gloss cosmetic composition mascara, it may be eyeliner, lip gloss or brush.


-Seventy-four eggs from seven colonies of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) in the Quark and the Bothnian Bay of Finland were collected in 1981 shortly after laying and immediately before hatching. Shell thickness, weight, thickness index, and egg weight index were determined and compared with the same characteristics of 200 eggs collected between 1874 and 1935. We found no significant differences in these measures of egg thickness between recent and museum shells from the same geographical areas. Shells of museum specimens from different geographical regions did show significant variations. The weight and the wing and tarsus length of the embryos correlated negatively and significantly with all measured characteristics of the shell except its thickness when the shell membranes were present. During the incubation period, the shell's thickness (without membranes) decreased 8%; thickness index and weight decreased 4%; and the shell's thickness with shell membranes present decreased 12%. In this paper, we discuss reasons for these changes. Pesticide-related reproductive failures have been reported in both American and European terns (Sterna spp.; Switzer and Lewin 1971, Koeman and van Genderen 1972, Switzer et al. 1973, Gochfield 1975, Fox 1976). For example, high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in the tissues of marine animals from the Baltic Sea (Jensen et al. 1969, Koivusaari et al. 1972, Anderson and Hickey 1974), an area where eggshell thinning of 1117% was reported in White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus; Koivusaari et al. 1980, OdsjO 1982). In contrast, Lemmetyinen and Rantamiki (1980) reported low pesticide contamination in the eggs of Arctic Terns (S. paradisaea) from the archipelago of southwestern Finland. The thickness of eggshells from these terns has recently increased significantly (5.2%, P < 0.05) in Finland (Gulf of Bothnia; Pulliainen and Marjakangas 1980). Several studies concerning geographic variations in eggshells have been published (e.g., Anderson and Hickey 1970, 1972; Sutcliffe 1978; Olsen 1982), but there are almost no studies of this kind from Europe (e.g., Svensson 1978). Besides effects of pesticides and geography, the mobilization of eggshell calcium for the developing embryo is known to affect eggshell thickness (e.g., Kreitzer 1972). Our objectives, ther fore, were (1) to describe recent changes in the thickness and size of Arctic Tern eggshells in comparison to museum material; (2) to check the reliability of available museum material for use as a standard; and (3) to find a method for measuring shell variables that is independent of the shell thinning that occurs naturally during embryonic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected Arctic Tern eggs in 1981 from three colonies in Quark (6 310'N, 2 12 5'E) and from four colonies in Bothnian Bay (65003'N, 25010'E) in the Gulf of Bothnia (Fig. 1). At ach nest, one egg was chosen randomly at an early stage of incubation (little or no embryonic development). Nine of these nests in the Quark colony were marked and two more eggs were taken from each shortly before hatching was expected. Where Arctic and Common terns (S. hirundo) bred in the same colonies, we confirmed identification of Arctic Tern nests by observation from a blind or by flushing a parent from its nest before taking an egg. Eggs were kept in a refrigerator until prepared. Their length and breadth were measured with a vernier caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. A piece of shell, 16-18 mm in diameter, was cut out from the equator of each egg. The contents of the egg were then removed, the shells were rinsed with water, and the shell


A sterilising apparatus for sterilising a feeding bottle assembly for a baby, the feeding bottle assembly comprising a feeding bottle, a top end and a base end, the top end having an open neck; the sterilising apparatus comprising a housing which is adapted to attach to and sit on the top end of the bottle, an ultraviolet (UV) light source on the housing which extends into the bottle for UV sterilisation of the bottle when the housing is attached to the bottle, and a switch which automatically switches on the UV light source when the sterilising apparatus is attached to the bottle.


Nanoscale materials having size- and shape-dependent interactions with light provide flexible opportunities for harvesting solar energy. Photocatalysts based on semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) have been the most effective materials for the conversion of light into chemical energy, the efficiency of which can be further enhanced by the incorporation of metallic NPs forming hybrid nanostructures. The structural parameters of not only constituent components but also the resultant hybrid nanostructures are critical for the optimization of photocatalytic performance of composite catalysts. Here we demonstrated the successful size control over ZnO hexagonal pyramids (HPs) for the first time. The smallest HPs showing the best photocatalytic properties were used for further Au attachment. Interestingly, we found that most of the Au NPs preferred to grow on the apexes of the basal plane. Very occasionally, Au NPs at the tip of ZnO HPs can be observed. The role of light in promoting the reduction of gold salt by ...


In order to enhance the initiative of the students to learn Probability Statistics and establish their statistical idea as soon as possible,the students should have a good grasp of probability statistics with its basic knowledge,and improve their ability of a statistical method to solve practical problems.The author has the ability to accumulate experience in teaching and do the case teaching,how can this course be developed and how to improve the quality of instruction are summarized.


This paper focuses on the derivation of an improved 2-point Block Backward Differentiation Formula of order five (I2BBDF(5)) for solving stiff first order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The I2BBDF(5) method is derived by using Taylor's series expansion to obtain the coefficients of the formula. To verify the efficiency of the I2BBDF(5) method, stiff problems from the literature are tested and compared with the existing solver for stiff ODEs. From the numerical results, we conclude that the I2BBDF(5) method can be an alternative solver for solving stiff ODEs.


Micro-concentrated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (μCPV-CIGSe) solar cells offer the potential to reduce the consumption of raw materials to a great extent while maintaining high efficiencies. A theoretical model of μCPV-CIGSe solar cells, consisting of hexagonally spaced micro-CIGSe solar cells embedded in the low-index dielectric matrix and micro-sized lenses placed right on top, is proposed for optical study. It is discovered that micro-lenses enable to effectively concentrate the incident light due to the inherent nanojet phenomenon, and the μ-CIGSe absorbers trap the penetrated light within absorbers arising from wave-guided modes. The two effects co-contribute to an optimized absorption for μCPV-CIGSe solar cells with a μ-CIGSe absorber diameter of 800 nm and a pitch of 1500 nm. Short-circuit current density reaches 36.5 mA/cm2 and accounts for 98.8% compared to their plain counterparts without lenses, corresponding to an absorber material saving by a factor of 3/4. Notably, a large contacting area between lenses and CIGSe solar cells are recommended for an improved angular tolerance. Those findings will recommend design principles for further experiments.


Abstract Introduction: The article focuses on the situation in the area of secondary education in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to reflect three topics: population reduction, unification of curriculum and diversification of financial support of secondary education in the Czech Republic in 2006 - 2016. Methods: The results are underlined by available data from the national statistics. The data are collected annually and are accessible on the website of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. They contain the entire population of secondary schools, teachers and pupils. Analysis was provided with the use of SPSS, version 24. Results: There is a reduction of vocational and apprentice schools, but at the same time we are increasing financial support to their fields of study. Under the 2004 law, each school has an individual school educational program, but realistically, we see that the curriculum at secondary school level of education rather standardises. On the labour market, we need graduates of vocational and apprentice schools, but we still strongly support grammar schools and other theoretically oriented schools, whose graduates are not motivated for manual professions. Discussion: Closer analysis focused on reflection of selected trends in the area of secondary education is needed for the purposes of education policy and for planning future research studies in this area. Limitations: Continuous development takes place in the field of education. All comparisons in the years 2006-2016 are therefore limited. The data were used in their original form, in some cases were not available and therefore they could not be included in the analysis. Conclusions: Educational policy is very complicated, because education is difficult to control and it is based on freedom of access. Therefore, the most important target for the future is to stabilize the situation and be able to reflect maximum of factors influencing secondary education in our society. Although current trends clearly support lifelong learning and its unification, we should not forget the specific fields of apprentice and vocational schools, which are needed on the labour market.


To facilitate scene understanding and robot navigation in large scale urban environment, a two-layer enhanced geometric map(EGMap) is designed using videos from a monocular onboard camera. The 2D layer of EGMap consists of a 2D building boundary map from top-down view and a 2D road map, which can support localization and advanced map-matching when compared with standard polyline-based maps. The 3D layer includes features such as 3D road model,and building facades with coplanar 3D vertical and horizontal line segments, which can provide the 3D metric features to localize the vehicles and flying-robots in 3D space. Starting from the 2D building boundary and road map, EGMap is initially constructed using feature fusion with geometric constraints under a line feature-based simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) framework iteratively and progressively. Then, a local bundle adjustment algorithm is proposed to jointly refine the camera localizations and EGMap features. Furthermore, the issues of uncertainty, memory use, time efficiency and obstacle effect in EGMap construction are discussed and analyzed. Physical experiments show that EGMap can be successfully constructed in large scale urban environment and the construction method is demonstrated to be very accurate and robust.


Social Network Analysis (SNA) is often criticised for being too quantitative in focus and network scientists have commented on a lack of engagement from qualitative researchers. This article will contribute to these debates by critically reflecting on a qualitative study of gambling where social network research methods were adapted and applied to narrative interviews. Egocentric sociograms (maps of participant social networks, using a name generation question and concentric circles) were created for 23 participants. These sociograms were used as an interactive tool, with the addition of coloured dots, to stimulate discussion and so generate rich narrative and visual data on the impacts of gambling behaviour on participants' wider social networks. This approach represents an extension to existing SNA methods that has not previously been utilised.


A three-dimensional Eulerian numerical model for 222Rn and its decay products coupled with a mesoscale meteorological model has been developed and applied to the reproduction of the daily and monthly variations of 222Rn concentration, the monthly variation of 210Pb deposition in Japan and the temporal variation of gamma dose rate after the cold front passage in the coastal area of the Japan Sea for the verification of model capability. The results are as follows: (1) The model reproduced the monthly variation of surface 222Rn concentration in remote islands, but underestimated inland concentration due to a coarse vertical resolution near the surface of the model. (2) The model reproduced the seasonal variation of the observed and the long-term yearly averaged 210Pb depositions as long as precipitations are predicted precisely. (3) The model reproduced the rise of gamma dose rate in precipitation accompanied by the cold front passage. In particular, 222Rn decay products in melted snow and graupel contributed the rise of gamma dose rate.


Introducing common sense to natural language understanding systems has received increasing research attention. To facilitate the researches on common sense reasoning, the SemEval-2020 Task 4 Commonsense Validation and Explanation(ComVE) is proposed. We participate in sub-task A and try various methods including traditional machine learning methods, deep learning methods, and also recent pre-trained language models. Finally, we concatenate the original output of BERT and the output vector of BERT hidden layer state to obtain more abundant semantic information features, and obtain competitive results. Our model achieves an accuracy of 0.8510 in the final test data and ranks 25th among all the teams.


Selection results of the current fault feeder selection device are difficult to be confirmed in practice. This situation can be changed by online management and analysis of waveform of all lines. Through this method,the fault line can be founded visually and selection results can also be confirmed. In this paper,a management platform of fault feeder selection device is developed using the Windows CE embedded operation system and Embedded Visual C++ 4.0 development environment. The management platform can realize online management and analysis of grounding waveform of all fault lines,find out the fault line and ensure the correctness of fault line selection.


We study the well-posedness of compressible vortex sheets and entropy waves in two-dimensional steady supersonic Euler flows over Lipschitz walls with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ BV $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> incoming flows. Both the Lipschitz wall of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ BV $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> tangential angle function and the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ BV $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> incoming flow perturb a background strong vortex sheet/entropy wave. In particular, when the total variation of the incoming flow perturbation around the background strong vortex sheet/entropy wave is small, we prove that the two-dimensional steady supersonic Euler flows containing a strong vortex sheet/entropy wave past the Lipschitz wall are <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ L^{1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>–stable. The weak waves are reflected after the nonlinear waves interact with the strong vortex sheet/entropy wave and the wall boundary. The existence of solutions in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ BV $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> over the Lipschitz walls is first shown, when the total variation of the incoming flow perturbation around the background strong vortex sheet/entropy wave is suitably small, by using the wave-front tracking method. Then we establish the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ L^{1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>–stability of the solutions with respect to the incoming flows. To achieve this, a Lyapunov functional, equivalent to the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ L^{1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>–distance between two solutions containing the strong vortex sheets/entropy waves, is carefully constructed to include the nonlinear waves generated by both the wall boundary and the incoming flow. This Lyapunov functional is then proved to decrease in the flow direction, leading to the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ L^{1} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>–stability of the solutions. Furthermore, the uniqueness of these solutions extends to a larger class of viscosity solutions.


In the paper, a digital demodulator based on the recursive Gauss-Newton method is proposed for Electrical Tomography. The digital demodulator can track the amplitude and phase of a noisy sinusoidal signal with known frequency directly. Compared with the traditional digital multiplication demodulation method, the proposed demodulator is more flexible. It is implemented in a recursive way and only part of a full period is required for demodulation. Therefore, the trade-off between the speed and precision can be made by using the proposed demodulator. The proposed demodulator was implemented in the software and possessed low computational complexity. Numerical simulation was carried out to prove its feasibility. The parameters in the demodulator were optimized.


The task of identifying the language of text or utterances has a number of applications in natural language processing. Language identification has traditionally been approached with character-level language models. However, the language model approach crucially depends on the length of the text in question. In this paper, we consider the problem of language identification of names. We show that an approach based on SVMs with n-gram counts as features performs much better than language models. We also experiment with applying the method to pre-process transliteration data for the training of separate models.


A hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system is presented for mid and terminal guidance simulation of precise imaging auto target recognizing (ATR) missiles. The system provided a simulation platform supporting the researches of ATR theories and designations of remote precise missiles. This distributed HILS system uses a multi-solution communication architecture between nodes of different real-time and expandability demands. The main simulation nodes includes the missile model node, the ATR processing node, the scene generate node and 2DOF rotary platform system, and the other auxiliary nodes can be added into the system a smart way. Most of the main nodes were developed in Windows and are open and expandable. RTX SDK was used to solve the Windows real-time problem. Lastly, a simulation instance is proposed to show the overall features of the system.


Calibration of medical shock wave sources is critical and challenging. Aside from the fiber optic probe hydrophone, there are few if any commercially available hydrophones designed for measuring medical shock waves. We have developed a new PVDF membrane hydrophone and compared it to measurements with a fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH) in several lithotripters. One part of the hydrophone held the 5 cm times 5 cm times 25 mum PVDF film with geometrical element size 0.5 mm. The other part housed the preamplifier. By substitution comparison to FOPH and an NTR hydrophone, the sensitivity was found to be 0.035 MPa/mV at 2 MHz. Initial spot frequency comparisons showed the response to be fairly flat from 1-20 MHz but showed an elevated sensitivity at 15-20 MHz, and lithotripsy waveforms indicated some high-pass filtering. The impulse response of a 25 mum membrane was calculated and used to de-convolve the signal after which agreement with waveforms from the other hydrophones was excellent. The hydrophone is sufficiently robust to measure 1000 s of lithotripter shock waves. It is inexpensive, sensitive, and has a lower signal to noise ratio than the FOPH


React & wind magnesium diboride pancake coils and solenoids were constructed and tested. The solenoids (6 layers) were manufactured by winding a single length of MgB/sub 2/ tape (80 m) onto a 15 cm diameter, 15 cm high mandrel. The pancake coils were manufactured starting from a 40 meter long tape: the conductor was wound onto a 12 cm diameter coil former. The magnets were tested both in liquid helium and conduction cooled in a cryogen free apparatus. The results compared with the tape characteristics are reported.


This article discuss the effect and medicinal value from the composition,pharmacological effects,preparation process. Review,analysis,conclude,sum up the composition of bear bile power pharmacological effects etc by accessing to relevant data. Provide references for further study of its pharmacological mechanism and compound medicine.


Objective To observe the curative effects and side reactions of combining bronchial artery perfusion with chemotherapy through alternating intravenous application of CAP and CE programs in the treatment of lung cancers.Methods 76 cases of lung cancers confirmed by cytology and histology consisted of 60 cases of non-parvicellular lung cancers and 16 cancers of parvicellular lung cancers. CAP program was first applied to the treatment of non-parvicellular lung cancers and was then alternated by CE program,while CE program was first applied to the treatment of parvicellular lung cancers and was then alternated by CAP program.According to the Seldinger method, Chemotherapeutic drugs were slowly perfused into the selected tumor-feeding bronchial artery after the intubation through percutaneous femoral artery. 600mg/m 2 CTX was dripped intravenously on the first day and the 8th day in the CAP program,while 100mg VP-16 was dripped from the first day to the fourth day in the CE program.Results In the non-parvicelluar cases, 4 got complete remission (CR), 24 got partial remission (PR),and the total effective rate was 55%,while in the parvicellular cases,5 cases got CR, 7 cases got PR,and the total effective rate was 75%.Conclusion The combination of bronchial artery perfusion and chemotherapy through alternating intravenous application of CAP and CE programs can promote the curative effect and reduce the side reactions in the treatment of lung cancers.


We present a hierarchical protocol for communications on battlefields. In battlefields operates various military mobile objects, such as tanks, vehicles, soldiers, flying vehicles, etc. that need to communicate quickly and will minimum of overhead, in order to accomplish their missions. Depending on the battlefield conditions, mobile objects will move in groups, which elements will have a small relative speed. We use this feature to develop our hierarchical communications protocol (HCP)for battlefields that builds a virtual infrastructure of the battlefield The hierarchical structure enables the optimization of the routing process. The battlefield is divided in virtual cells, which move as the nodes move. Each cell has a center, which is chosen by the cell members and is located approximately in the geographical center of the cell. The center will behave for a certain time interval as a base station. Every node has its geographical position given by Global Positioning System. HCP enables point-to-point and broadcast communications. The major characteristic of HCP is its scalability, which is validated by our simulation results.


Over the years, rainwater had leaked through joints in the dome and roof of the Minnesota State Capitol, damaging the stone, plaster, windows, and decorative paint in the building's vast and gorgeous rotunda. Repair and preservation were imperative.


This paper explores the emergence of a new 'migrant division of labour' in London. In contrast to a vision of 'professionalization', it shows that London's labour market has been characterized by processes of occupational polarization and that a disproportionate number of London's low-paid jobs are now filled by foreign-born workers. Drawing on original survey data, the paper explores the pay and conditions of London's low-paid migrant workers and develops a framework for understanding the emergence of a new migrant division of labour in London. In particular, the paper stresses the role of the British state in shaping this divide. The paper concludes that the emergence of such a divide in London necessitates a re-conceptualization of the place of migrant workers in the 'global city' and of the processes shaping global city labour markets, and outlines what this new division of labour might mean for politics and policy in London.


The interaction potential V(Q{sup 2}) between static test charges can be used to define an effective charge {alpha}{sub V}(Q{sup 2}) and a physically-based renormalization scheme for quantum chromodynamics and other gauge theories. In this paper we use recent results for the finite-mass fermionic corrections to the heavy-quark potential at two-loops to derive the next-to-leading order term for the Gell Mann-Low function of the V-scheme. The resulting effective number of flavors N{sub F}(Q{sup 2}/m{sup 2}) in the {alpha}{sub V} scheme is determined as a gauge-independent and analytic function of the ratio of the momentum transfer to the quark pole mass. The results give automatic decoupling of heavy quarks and are independent of the renormalization procedure. Commensurate scale relations then provide the next-to-leading order connection between all perturbatively calculable observables to the analytic and gauge-invariant {alpha}{sub V} scheme without any scale ambiguity and a well defined number of active flavors. The inclusion of the finite quark mass effects in the running of the coupling is compared with the standard treatment of finite quark mass effects in the {ovr MS} scheme.


The field equations of N = 1 supergravity in d = 11 dimensions admit a spontaneous compactification on the seven-sphere to an N = 8 theory in d = 4 with local SO(8) invariance. A spontaneously broken version of this theory is provided by another solution of the field equations for which the metric on S/sup 7/ is distorted. The isometry group of this new solution is SO(5)xSU(2), the relevant holonomy group is G/sub 2/, and the N = 8 supersymmetry is broken down to N = 1 at the Planck scale. The implications for grand unified theories are briefly discussed.


Abstract N-methylpyridinium compounds are readily prepared from the corresponding N-carbomethoxypyridinium salts. A simple anion-exchange method facilitates isolation of the desired N-alkylated salts.


ABSTRACT In recent years, the application of prussian blue in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment has attracted great attention of relevant researchers. PH-sensitivity carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel has also been proved to have the ability to deliver drugs. Herein, we synthesised a kind of carboxyl chitosan hydrogel coated prussian blue nanoparticles to realized a conbination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.


. Air quality monitoring helps assess ambient air quality, the health impacts, and the influence on commuters' activities. The deployment of a dense network of monitors is cost-intensive and laborious. Therefore, low-cost monitors that can traverse through different routes of the city can be an appropriate solution for higher spatio-temporal coverage. In this study, Delhi is considered the study area due to its exceeding pollutant concentration. Delhi has two large public transit systems: bus and metro rail, serving 1484 km 2 . A simulation-based approach is proposed to identify the minimum number of routes on which air pollution monitors can be traversed to achieve the maximum coverage. To have a generic approach, commonly used, General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data format for public transit is used. For the demonstration, in two scenarios (24h time bin and 1 h time bin), the routes are optimized to place 100 monitors. The simulation algorithm evaluates the routes based on overlaps and probabilities of removal calculated using continuous activation functions such as bipolar Sigmoid function. The results are obtained in the form of the retained routes on which monitors can be traversed. The minimum number of routes with maximum converge area and least overlapping routes helps monitor the real-time air quality at wide-ranging areas. The results of this study can be helpful to relevant authorities for the implementation of mobile monitoring devices and identifying the source of the air pollution.


a hospital. On the ground floor there is a spacious entrance hall, committee room, matron's room, day room for patients, 19 ft. by 16 ft., large kitchen and offices, and a mortuary has been erected at the back. On the first floor is a roomy landing, men's ward, 22 ft. by 16 ft., women's ward, special ward for accidents, matron's bed-room, bath-room, fitted with hot and cold water. The rooms are lofty and fitted with an excellent arraDgement of gas fittings. The second floor contains bed-rooms for the officials and servants. There is a


Abstract The PowerPlex Fusion 6C system is a six-dye STR multiplex that allows co-amplification and fluorescent detection of 27 loci, including Amelogenin, 23 autosomal STR loci and 3 Y chromosome STR loci. In this study, this system was validated using upgraded 3130xl Genetic Analyzers for sensitivity, species specificity, stability, DNA mixtures, reproducability, case-type samples, stutter, concordance, and PCR conditions following the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis methods (SWGDAM) developmental validation guidelines and Chinese National Standard (GA/T815–2009). The results show this system is sensitive, species-specific, accurate and genotype-consistent compared with the PowerPlex ®21 system for detecting 100 samples, and robust for changes in several PCR conditions or exposure to PCR inhibitors. The results of casework indicate that Y-STR loci of the PowerPlex Fusion 6C system may help to recognize mixed and very-low-ratio male DNA. The population data of 274 unrelated Chinese Han individuals suggests that this multiplex system is suitable for human identification and paternity testing in Guangdong Han population. The data demonstrate that the PowerPlex Fusion 6C system is a robust and reliable STR-typing multiplex, and is especially advantageous for some case samples.


The electric power generated in a steam-power plant depends on condenser pressure. Plant performance personnel are frequently called upon to predict effects on megawatts generated and plant heat rate as condenser circumstances vary. The flow rate of circulating water to the condenser is one of the factors that impact the results when doing such predictions. This paper utilizes the PEPSE modeling program to evaluate the effect on the condenser back-pressure and power generation of plugging condenser tubes. The circulating water flow rate is the focal point of this analysis because it influences the heat transfer coefficient inside of the tubes of the condenser. This inside-tube convection heat transfer coefficient is an important contributor to the calculated overall condensing heat transfer coefficient and the resulting condenser pressure. Calculation of the condenser's shell side pressure is based on the Heat Exchange Institute's (HEI) methods that are standard in the industry. In operation the circulating water's flow rate occurs at the point where the head of the circulating water pump balances the hydraulic pressure drops in the circuit. Equations are presented to account for circulating water pressure drops, as foundation for calculations of the hydraulic balancing. The equation methodology is then applied to an actual condenser design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This thesis critically analyzes how Maori cultural symbols are utilized in the contemporary period as a means of constructing bicultural identity in Aotearoa New Zealand through modes of representation found in everyday, civic life. To provide a focus for this project, I consider the deployment of one symbol in particular: the koru. I also investigate the mobilization of Mllori symbols, specifically the marae, in a single exhibition space-Te Marae-Iocated in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. As this thesis shows, recent (and, indeed, past) developments in Aotearoa New Zealand call into question the legitimacy of biculturalism as a policy that is capable of rendering Maori as equal partners with Pakeha. To this end, I consider not only the efficacy of Maori cultural symbols to carry the message of biculturalism to the nation, but as well the possible role they play in concealing the socioeconomic and political disparities that continue to exist between Maori and Pakeha. What emerges from this project are all the complexities, ruptures, and contestations that mark a nation in the process of becoming and the plight of two peoples who struggle to locate a common ground on which they might both stand kahohi lei te kanohi-face to face.


The present invention provides a method for removing sulfuric acid mist which comprises an average pore diameter of bubbles into the absorption liquid a gas containing sulfuric acid mist through a gas diffuser which is less than or equal to about 1,000 ㎛ pores. This method allows simple and sulfuric acid mist is removed very effectively.


Recent advancement on the knowledge of multifragmentation and phase transition for hot nuclei is reported. It concerns i) the influence of radial collective energy on fragment partitions and the derivation of general properties of partitions in presence of such a collective energy, ii) a better knowledge of freeze-out properties obtained by means of a simulation based on all the available experimental information and iii) the quantitative study of the bimodal behaviour of the heaviest fragment charge distribution for fragmenting hot heavy quasi-projectiles which allows, for the first time, to estimate the latent heat of the phase transition.


The development of network economy and the transformation of business model (traditional business model transfers to the electronic business model) have a huge impact on the existing financial accounting. In the network economy, the traditional accounting business process exposes some limitations, which can not satisfy the needs of information users. As an accounting information system based on the network environment, the network accounting's goal is to achieve the sharing of the source data warehouse, the close cooperation between the various processes, the implementation of financial reporting information synchronization and real-time dynamic reports, the promotion of optimal business operations. So it needs to abandon the past unreasonable accounting process completely and reengineer the network accounting business process. This paper is designed, including three levels of network accounting business process framework.


This paper shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, once the Mexican economy moved from financial liberalization to financial paralysis in 1995, liquidity constraints were relaxed for many large and financially healthy firms listed on the Mexican Securities Market. In the latter period, only those firms with a banking tie observe, on average, a dependence on cash stock to finance their investment projects. Econometric results are derived from dynamic panel data models estimated with the Generalized Method of Moments, where level and difference equations are combined into a system. The econometric evidence is consistent with the real growth of the Mexican economy during the years 1996-2000, which took place in a context of a collapsed banking system and the paralysis of other domestic forms of external financing. This paper also provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that firms' membership in a network and firms' linkage to a bank produced weaker financial constraints before the banking crisis. However, additional research is needed to formally test the importance of the different sources of financing since 1995; suppliers' credit, foreign funding and internal capital markets are viable candidates for further study. Finally, the paper provides an intuitive rationalization of the Mexican paradox based on the business groups' structure and their internal capital markets. It is argued that under a macroeconomic setting characterized by disarray in the domestic financial system, firms affiliated with business groups have more incentives to act coordinately rather than performing as autonomous profit centers. Consequently, in this new scenario, corporate headquarters are more interested in removing financial bottlenecks than in exerting market pressure on their divisions. In this environment, groups are capable of reallocating financial resources away from booming, export-oriented affiliates—the most likely to have access to foreign capital markets—and into cash-constrained firms within the same group. In other words, according to this theory, it is suggested that the presence of internal capital markets worked as a financial buffer that helped sustain economic growth.


In the production process of plastic sheet,it is one of the important technologies of the quality and performance to ensure barrel and the head of the precise temperature control for plastics extrusion machine.The author analyzed the principle of temperature control system for plastics extrusion machine,then the temperature control system which based on PLC and intelligence PID algorithm was optimal designed.The practice shows it improve the reliability of the system and better meet the demands of production process ensure the quality of the production.


The basis of the primary energy supply in the Czech Republic is mainly lignite combustion. Power plants are for example Chvaletice, Melnik, Pocerady, Porici, Prunerov, Ledvice, Tusimice, Tisova and Hodonin [1,2]. Accordingly, there is a large amount of fly ash with its latent hydraulic and puzzolanic properties, depending on the composition. In terms of sustainability, such industrial residues offer huge potential for conversation of resources and often connected with it, a CO2-reduction. Especially lime-rich fly ashes offer a variety of possibilities in the high quality production of self-hardening loam-bricks, having an improved durability. Different clays/loams were mixed with fly ashes (10 to 30 wt-%) and homogenized by addition of water. Out of these mixtures, samples were moulded in different dimensions by using an extruding press. After curing under different humidity conditions at room temperature, the samples were tested for their strength and their durability. The investigations showed, that the choice of the starting materials has significant impact to the workability and the development of the strength. Furthermore, there is an optimal amount for the ash in the recipes to prevent a rapid destruction by capillary water absorption. The modified clay bricks could make a decisive contribution to the improvement of weather resistance e.g. in tropical areas with sudden rain showers.


Wettability is defined as a property of a fluid to coat a rock surface, but unfortunately it is not as simple as the name implies. Formation can be oil-wet, water-wet or of mixed wettability. These variations are due to the initial water saturation, composition of oil, salt contents in brine and mineralogy of the formation. Wettability and wettability variations affect the displacement behavior of one fluid by another. This can be demonstrated by a number of experiments, using same core, where the trend of capillary pressure curve changes with reference to changes in saturation. In relation to it, several correlations have been developed to estimate the capillary pressure as a function of saturation based on experiments.
In reality different types of wettability can exist in different regions of reservoir and moreover wettability existing at the time of discovery changes with the passage of time as a result of different processes for example, depletion, gas injection. To account for such variations and for proper understanding of displacement behavior within a reservoir a correlation has been developed, which can he used successfully for better reservoir surveillance.
With the help of this correlation, if at least one capillary pressure curve is available, it is possible to estimate/predict the capillary pressure under different wettability conditions, which can exist within the reservoir, during different stages of depletion, with the help of which proper history matching, forecasting and hence proper selection of enhanced recovery method is possible, resulting in better decision making and increased profitability.


Adsorption of single gases and their binary mixture on a strongly heterogeneous surface is modeled using the integral equation (IE) approach. The adsorbing surface is assumed to be characterized by a rectangular distribution of the adsorption energy with respect to each component of the mixture. The influence of correlations between the distribution functions associated with different components on the corresponding adsorption isotherms and phase diagrams is discussed. The validity of the condensation approximation, which may be also applied to the model, is assessed by comparing the corresponding results with exact solutions of the IE obtained for single, as well as for mixed, adsorption. In addition, predictions of the theory are compared with the results of the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations carried out for the system studied. It is shown that, in general, the IE approach gives the results that are very close to the simulation data, especially when the distribution functions have the sa...


A new species of Daptonema is described based upon morphological characters and 18S rRNA sequence. Daptonema matrona sp. nov. was collected in Pina Basin (north-eastern Brazil). It differs from all other species of the genus by the presence of reduced cephalic setae and straight spicules. These features require an adaptation of the generic diagnosis. Moreover, the females are characterized by intra-uterine development of the offspring, considered herein as their major autapomorphic feature. Molecular systematic analyses supported Daptonema matrona sp. nov. as a distinct genetic and evolutionary lineage. The data also indicate hypotheses of taxonomic synonymies amongst some related taxa from Xyalidae as well as the paraphyly of Daptonema.

© 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158, 1–15.


The definition of innovative management as a tool of anti-crisis management is researched in this article. The main tasks of modern anti-crisis management are constant monitoring and forecasting of the external and internal risks impact, which may negatively affect the company's activities and cause its crisis. The basic factors of the enterprise crisis are formulated in the conditions of martial law. Also, the key methods and tools of anti-crisis management are listed. Taking into account the variety of crisis occurrence and the multivariate nature of their manifestation, it is possible to use different methods of anti-crisis management both in relation to individual parameters of the crisis and to the crisis situation as a whole. The methods of the first group are tactical methods, aimed at quickly improving the company's financial indicators and overcoming the consequences of the crisis: downsizing, sanitation, monitoring, controlling. However, in most cases, these methods are not enough to eliminate the main cause of the crisis, which requires using of longer-term activities. Namely, the application of strategic methods: diversification, regularization, reengineering, restructuring, merger, liquidation, modernization. The examples of innovations, which are using by companies in various crisis situations, the ways of crisis overcoming and the obtained results are studied. In addition, there are presented the research of the CEOs readiness for innovative activities during the business activity decrease and dynamics of changes in the innovation index of world countries during the periods of the crisis. The priority actions, advantages and disadvantages of innovative management as a tool of anti-crisis management are determined. It is noted in conclusion, that innovative management is an important component of anti-crisis management. The process of innovation implementation has advantages and disadvantages and in practice, the development of innovative activity is significantly reduced during a recession. However, the analysis of crisis overcoming examples proves, that innovative management in a complex with anti-crisis management is able not only to help cope with the crisis, but also to stimulate sustainable development in the future. Now, more than ever before, the future of most Ukrainian companies depends on making the right strategic decisions, internal transformation, skillful anti-crisis management combined with innovation, clear assessment and analysis of risks, building a stable platform for further growth using new opportunities.


It was Qu Yuan's internal contradiction that mythology fabrication interweaved with historic truth about Hou Yi.However,it was a mean to achieve mind help for Qu Yuan that he wrote something about He Bo anti-traditionally.The images of Hou Yi and Ho Bo.were interweaved together in Chu Ci and replenished and conflicted each other,which created the contradictory figue.


We read with great interest the study entitled "Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis" by Conz et al. (1). This systematic review showed an increased risk of breast cancer among women who used the 52-mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).


In this paper, the authors report on using Joule heating to increase the etch rate of focused ion beam (FIB) for etching Ag films. FIB is widely used as a tool for processing micro/nanomaterials. In this process, material atoms are expelled when the ion beam is irradiated on the material surface. On the other hand, Joule heating has been used for the structural modification of small-scale materials. Because in the FIB etching, the atoms are expected to be easily expelled by decreasing the density of grain boundaries of a metal, the FIB etch rate of the metal might be enhanced by structural modification with Joule heating. In this research, an Ag film was subjected to current-stressing, and FIB etching was carried out. It was confirmed that grains in the film grew due to Joule heating and that the FIB etch rate for Ag increased. The authors showed that the FIB etch rate for Ag could be enhanced by Joule heating. The results of this study will help in developing metal etch processes for micro/nanomaterials.In this paper, the authors report on using Joule heating to increase the etch rate of focused ion beam (FIB) for etching Ag films. FIB is widely used as a tool for processing micro/nanomaterials. In this process, material atoms are expelled when the ion beam is irradiated on the material surface. On the other hand, Joule heating has been used for the structural modification of small-scale materials. Because in the FIB etching, the atoms are expected to be easily expelled by decreasing the density of grain boundaries of a metal, the FIB etch rate of the metal might be enhanced by structural modification with Joule heating. In this research, an Ag film was subjected to current-stressing, and FIB etching was carried out. It was confirmed that grains in the film grew due to Joule heating and that the FIB etch rate for Ag increased. The authors showed that the FIB etch rate for Ag could be enhanced by Joule heating. The results of this study will help in developing metal etch processes for micro/nanomaterials.


The invention discloses a hand washing device used in an operating room. The hand washing device comprises a container, a cleaning assembly, a storage cavity and a vibrator, wherein the container is used for containing cleaning agent solutions, the cleaning assembly is disposed in the container, the storage cavity is formed in the container and is used for containing hands, and the vibrator is fixed to the inside of the cleaning assembly. The cleaning assembly comprises a lower cleaning element, an upper cleaning element and a middle cleaning element, wherein the lower cleaning element is fixed into the container and is used for cleaning one side of each hand, the upper cleaning element is fixed to the side wall of the container and is used for cleaning the other side of each hand, and the middle cleaning element is arranged between the upper cleaning element and the lower cleaning element and is used for cleaning fingertips. According to the hand washing device used in the operating room, the cleaning assembly can vibrate and move automatically, and accordingly the hands are quickly, effectively and completely cleaned.


Daptomycin is the first approved member of a new class of antibiotics,lipopeptides,which has a specific structure and an unusual mechanism of action.The in vitro studies have indicated that daptomycin is a potent and concentration-dependent bactericidal agent against a broad range of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms.It was approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms,as well as the treatment of bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.It is considered as a relatively safe and tolerable agent,and has a good future.


claimed property rights in the enslaved as they resisted despotic husbands. Free Black men sued for their wives' freedom, arguing that their own patriarchal authority took precedence over slaveholders' rights. Ironically, slave states and antislavery activists both had their reasons for opposing divorce. What is most striking in Sword's analysis, indeed dispiriting, is how much the stories of male abuse and marital conflict repeat themselves over time, even as women found new ways to give voice to their discontent. Progress narratives and Enlightenment assumptions notwithstanding, patriarchy has been a shape-shifter, adapting to legal, political, and economic challenges yet continuing to maintain masculine authority. This excellent, fine-grained study connects legal regimes to patriarchy's quotidian preservation.


Chiral recognition through noncovalent interaction occurs in many biological systems. Structural characterization of chiral host–guest complexes can enhance the understanding of recognition mechanism. but such examples are relatively few. Chiral recognition and resolution of 1-phenylethylamine was studied where a binuclear Ni(II) complex acts as chiral host. Structural characterization showed that (R)-1-phenylethylamine forms a triangular assembly of three host–guests adducts through both H-bond and CH···π interactions. In contrast, use of (S)-1-phenylethylamine leads to formation of ∼11 A wide one-dimensional channels by the binuclear Ni(II) anionic complex where the chiral guest cation has been organized inside the channels in a zigzag fashion. Use of racemic amine yielded crystals having identical channel structure where S-amine and R-amine are inside the channels in a 55:45 ratio. HPLC results of the isolated amines from bulk of the crystals show that the S:R isomer ratio is 65:35, supporting the stru...


AGILE is an ASI (Italian Space Agency) Small Scientific Mission dedicated to high-energy astrophysics which was launched on April 23 2007 from Satish Dawan Space Centre (India) on a PSLV-C8 rocket. The AGILE Payload is composed of three instruments: a Tungsten-Silicon Tracker designed to detect and image photons in the 30 MeV-50 GeV energy band, an X-ray imager called SuperAGILE that works in the 18-60 keV energy band, and a Minicalorimeter that detects gamma-rays or particle energy deposits between 300~keV and 200~MeV. The instrument is surrounded by an anti-coincidence (AC) system. We have developed a set of Quick Look software tools in the framework of the Test Equipment (TE) and the Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE. This s/w is required in order to support all the assembly, integration and verification (AIV) activities to be carried out for the AGILE mission, from data handling unit level to payload integrated level, calibration campaign, launch campaign and in-orbit commissioning. These software tools have enabled us to test the engineering performance and to perform a health check of the Payload during the various phases. We have used an incremental development approach and a common framework to rapidly adapt our software to the different requirements of the various phases.


tween the Irish and the English, without any pausing to wonder why the main protagonists are a German and a Frenchman" (124). Less influential though no less fascinating is the example of the Kelly riots of 1747, otherwise known as the "Gentlemen's Quarrel," discussed in chapter 6. Slowey convincingly situates the conflict, which began as an argument between Smock Alley theatre manager Thomas Sheridan and an outrageously behaved audience member, within the "broader ideological struggle between alternative versions of Hibernia" (131). History reveals the outcome of the struggle, as does the drama: the heroes and heroines in Dion Boucicault's nineteenth-century melodramas are little more than "picturesque ruins" (196).


A conventional TEM/STEM has been used for the fabrication of ∼ 10 nm–size structures by electron-beam lithography. The electron microscope provides a versatile tool for studying the lithographic process with control of the beam energy, current, and profile combined with the ability to image both the probe and fabricated structures. Straightforward techniques are described for generating ultrasmall structures for physics and device experiments on both bulk substrates and on thin films. New resist processes and the effects of electron-beam energy as studied by these techniques are discussed.


The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of Vitex negundo L. leaf extract, such as the antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effects, and inhibitory activities on -MSH induced melanogenesis, and active component analysis. The DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities () of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of V. negundo L. leaf extract were and , respectively. A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay revealed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity () of the aglycone fraction of V. negundo L. leaf extract on ROS generated in an - system was the most prominent at . The protective effects of the extracts fractions of V. negundo L. leaf against the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner (). In particular, there were greater protective effects of the aglycone fraction on the cellular membrane than that of the fat-soluble antioxidant (+)--tocopherol. The inhibitory effects () on mushroom tyrosinase were the highest for the ethyl acetate fraction ( = ). The inhibitory effect on -MSH induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells was 41.80% at of ethyl acetate fraction. Active component analyses by TLC, HPLC and LC/ESI-MS revealed luteolin and isoorientin. These results indicate that V. negundo L. leaf extract can be used as an antioxidant for ROS scavenging. Particularly, the luteolin and isoorientin of the ethyl acetate fraction may be applicable to new whitening cosmetics because of its inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase and -MSH induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.


The simultaneous occurrence of multiple diseases is an understudied area in plant pathology; however, studies of animal and human diseases have shown that the presence of multiple pathogens can impact virulence, and the course of disease development. Furthermore, they also present an important driver of epidemiological dynamics. Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, the causal agents of potato late and early blight respectively. Both these pathogens have different lifestyles and are successful pathogens of potato, but despite observations of both pathogens infecting potato simultaneously in field conditions, the tripartite interactions between potato and these two pathogens are so far, poorly understood. Here we studied the interaction of A. solani and P. infestans first in vitro and subsequently in planta both in laboratory and field settings. We found that A. solani can inhibit P. infestans both in terms of growth in vitro and infection of potato, both in laboratory experiments and in an agriculturally relevant field setting.


ABSTRACT : Obesity is a state of imbalance between incoming energy and energy coming out for a long time. This excess energy will be stored in the form of fat and fat tissue so that it can result in weight gain. Obesity can be prevented by frequent physical activity by exercising regularly, consuming foods that are low in fat and healthy, maintaining weight in a healthy way. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of factors that influence obesity in Fertile Age Women in Payung Sekaki Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This type of research is quantitative with correlational analytic research designs with cross sectional techniques. This research was conducted on October 15 - November 15, 2019. The number of samples was 100 people with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection on knowledge, attitudes and exercise using a questionnaire, fiber intake with FFQ Semi Quantitative interviews. Data analysis was performed with univariate and bivariate data analysis with chi-square test. The results obtained by the incidence of obesity in WUS as much as 60%. Analysis of bivariate data with 95% CI level obtained by factors related to obesity is knowledge factor P value = 0.037 OR 0.405 (0.172 - 0.957, Attitude P value = 0,000, Sports 0.012 OR 3.523 (1,280 - 9,690) .Inrelated factors are intake fiber P value = 0.412. Therefore, prevention and response efforts need to be done by increasing public knowledge and awareness about eating patterns, limiting energy intake in accordance with daily energy needs.


AREMA The American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association has "education" as one of its missions. The association pursues that goal through seminars and its annual conference. While AREMA doesn't offer classes, the association does offer seminars on various subjects at various times throughout the year. The number of students varies, depending on subject matter and location. The length varies from one-to-three days, typically. The audience AREMA is trying to reach includes railway and transit engineering personnel. These are not entry-level classes. Even the introduction to Practical Railway Engineering assumes an engineering degree background. AREMA's educational offerings are designed to provide Professional Development Hours for engineers to maintain their PE designations. The association also offers CEUs for those who might need them. Seminars are designed to increase proficiency and introduce new technology and practices. AREMA emphasizes safety and has several seminars directly related to safety. AREMA Committee 24 Education & Training is responsible for a portion of the seminars that the association offers. Other technical committees are responsible for developing and conducting seminars in their specific area of expertise. For example, the AREMA Bridge Inspection Seminar is put on by one of the Structures Committees, etc. Dallas Richards of HDR is currently Committee Chair of Committee 24. AREMA has also embarked on a new Web-based educational program that will provide technical presentations and educational modules in 30-90 minute segments via "Webinar" techWith a large percentage of the railroad workforce set to retire in the next few years, education and training are becoming even more important. Learning for the


Based on an online experiment with a sample of finance professionals and participants from the general population (acting as clients), we examine drivers and motives of clients' choices to delegate investment decisions to agents. We find that clients favor delegation to investment algorithms, followed by delegation to finance professionals compensated with an aligned incentive scheme, and lastly to finance professionals receiving a fixed payment for investing on behalf of others. We show that trust in investment algorithms or finance professionals, and clients' propensity to shift blame on others increase the likelihood of delegation, whereas clients' own decision-making quality is associated with a decrease in delegation frequency. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.


This study examines the factors that determine (determination) dividend policy in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. In general, economic conditions in Indonesia are still in the emerging market category. As a developing country, Indonesia's capital market is relatively large and has its own characteristics which are reflected in investor behavior and government regulations in the capital market. Indonesia, in its behavior in the capital market adheres to a civil law system, meaning that investors are given the widest freedom to conduct transactions in the capital market, especially in the wrong amount owned by investors. The variables used to analyze dividend policy are profitability, free cash flows, firm size and leverage. This study only focuses on manufacturing companies that distribute dividends with an observation period from 2015-2019. The sampling method used purposive sampling and obtained 145 companies that distribute dividends. The data was processed using panel data regression analysis with analysis tools using E-Views software. From the research, it is found that the ROA and F_SIZE variables have a positive and significant effect on the DPR. FCF and Leverage variables measured by (TDTE) have a negative and significant effect on dividend policy as measured by the DPR in manufacturing companies in Indonesia.


A chamfering device for LCD unit is composed of a grinding disk set up in the casing, a cover for sealing the casing, and a vacuumizing unit for vacuumizing the casing. A LCD with is fixed by a sliding V-shaped die on the slide track on the said cover. After a corner of the LCD unit passes through the opening of the said V-shaped die and the slit on the cover, it is chamfered by the said grindingdisk.


1 INTRODUmION Sentinel Hill core test 1 and Fish Creek test well 1 were drilled in 1947 and 1949, respectively, as part of the petroleum exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, northern Alaska, carried on by the U. S. Navy from 1944 to 1953. Fish Creek test well 1 is near an oil seep in the northeastern corner of the Reserve, which is in the Arctic coastal plain province; and Sentinel Hill is about 50 miles to the south. Both holes were drilled into the youngest Cretaceous (the uppermost divisions of the Late Cretaceous Colville group) formations found in northern Alaska, and Fish Creek test well 1 penetrated several older Cretaceous formations, as well. The strata are composed primarily of clay shale, with some sandstone and siltstone; 168' 164' lW" 152' 148'


Work on the release of Wigner energy from pile graphite has been continued at Windscale, and the monitoring of the energy content of the graphite of the piles is now on a routine basis. Work is also continuing on the more accurate measurement of the energy content by means of an adiabatic system; and a program of work on the build-up of energy with long irradiations is in hand. (auth)


The effects of decentralization of Uruguay's college educational setting and the resulting opportunities for students from lower socio-economic classes are explored using a multimethod design. Analysis of quantitative data, including family income and educational level, and place of origin documented that many students in the rural college differed significantly from the more traditional students from urban areas and higher socio-economic classes. The case studied of Gladys R. provided more insight into resilience and aspirations. Qualitative data using life story explored the experiences of fifteen students, their expectations, obstacles, and adaptations choosing the one named above for this specifically study.


Evolutionary roots of different types of human activities in creating difficulties and problems for others are discussed. A hypothesis concerning the following evolutionary stages of creating destructive, constructive and diagnosing difficulties is presented: (1) inhibition (can be executed by cell colonies); (2) trial attacks and aggressive exploratory of fish, insects, etc.; armed reconnaissance in human military activities; (3) creating constructive difficulties (in predators' teaching their youngsters, human teaching math, etc.); (4) creating diagnosing difficulties as helping behavior (stress tests in medical diagnosis, educational and psychological tests, etc.); (5) creating meta-difficulties (difficulties for creating difficulties) like designing instructional problems to teach others to create destructive, constructive and diagnosing difficulties. A developmental trend of creating difficulties to increase their unpredictability is discussed.


Test of ride comfort of agricultural vehicle is done.The influence of engine mounting system and suspen- sion on the ride comfort is discussed. A new concept of engine mounting system of tricycle vehicle are introduced.The key problems of the new engine mounting system design are discussed.The vibration of a tricycle vehicle with new engine mounting system can be substantially reduced,showing that the new engine mounting system has practical application value.The vibration characteristic of tricycle vehicle has been improved.


Gitelman syndrome has a prevalence of 1-10/40.000, representing the most common inherited disease of renal tubules. It is due to inactivating mutations of the SLC12A3 gene that encodes the thiazide-sensitive Sodium Chloride Cotransporter (NCC) located in the apical membrane of the distal convoluted tubules, resulting in hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis associated with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Although it is generally considered a benign tubular disease, a number of complications have been observed in some patients.


Previously we reported that complexes [M(Phterpy)2]2+ (Phterpy = 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) when crystallised with PF6− generally form the standard two-dimensional terpy embrace (2D-TE) grid, except in one crystal where the 4′-phenyl substituents intercalate the 2D-TE, partially decomposing it to one-dimensional terpy embraces (1D-TE). Here we report that when crystallised instead with the hydrophilic anions Cl−, SO42−, tosylate, and [Ni(dipic)2]2− (dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) these complexes form a different class of layered structure. One layer contains the [M(Phterpy)2]2+ complexes, while in the other layer the anions are associated with aggregates of large numbers of water molecules and in some cases solvent alcohol molecules. Further, the [M(Phterpy)2]2+ complexes generally form longitudinal embraces, propagated in a direction parallel to the pseudo-S4 axes of the complexes, in contrast to the lateral embraces of the 2D-TE and 1D-TE motifs. The total numbers of offset-face-to-face and edge-to-face local interactions are similar for longitudinal and lateral embrace motifs. The crystals described are [Ru(Phterpy)2]Cl2(H2O)101, [Ru(Phterpy)2]Cl2(MeOH)4(H2O) 2, [Fe(Phterpy)2]SO4(iBuOH)0.5(H2O)7.53, [Ru(Phterpy)2][Ni(dipic)2](H2O)154, and [Ru(Phterpy)2](tosylate)2(H2O)45. Features of the hydrophilic domains in these crystals are sheets of {(Cl−)(H2O)5}∞ in 1, a chain of {(SO42−)(H2O)7}∞ in 3, and chains of beads (H2O)30 in 4. We conclude that the crystal engineering of extended embrace motifs for hydrophobic [M(Phterpy)2]2+ complexes is anion-dominated, through the degree of anion conscription of hydrogen-bonding solvent during crystallisation.