Statistical analysis method was adopted in this study to analyze factors affecting pre-service teachers'teaching ability.Results shows that pre-service teachers teaching level is significantly correlative to their levels of major courses,pedagogical theory courses and the language courses.Normal universities and colleges should thus modulate the present course modules,especially enhancing the proportion of pedagogical courses.


There are many unique characteristics of cyberbullying that are impacting adolescents in many negative ways. The anonymity, 24/7 invasion of privacy, and the vast audience that the perpetrator takes advantage of have taken bullying to a new level. With greater access to advanced technology and youths' obsession with it, cyberbullying is on the rise, and its effects on youth are being seen at school and at home in devastating ways. Fortunately, there are many strategies that all those concerned can take to combat the rise of cyberbullying and its impact on adolescents. Over the past decade, the world has witnessed advances in technology that have brought wonderful opportunities. However, with these opportunities come risks that can be devastating. Recently, Canadians have been shocked by the tragic, high-profile stories of Amanda Todd and Rehteah Parsons, who ultimately committed suicide as a result of cyber attacks (MacDonald, 2014). Although suicide is not the final outcome for all victims, cyberbullying brings a whole new set of characteristics that are powerful and widespread, and the predictions are that with improved technology and greater access (Holladay, 2012), the impact of cyberbullying on adolescents will only become worse (Baek & Bullock, 2014). The trend of cyberbullying is on the rise; therefore, it is crucial that youth, parents, schools, and the community at large are equipped with strategies to deal with this crisis before more innocent youths fall victim to cyberbullying. The Characteristics of Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is distinctly different from traditional bullying in several ways. First, the internet allows anonymity, which could serve to embolden the cyberbully. Second, the unlimited access that perpetrators have to the internet enables a 24/7 invasion of the victim's privacy (Gordon, 2014; Swearer, 2012). Finally, cyberbullying has a potentially infinite audience, which could give it an immeasurable reach (Uhls, 2014). These characteristics are not only distinct from traditional bullying, but they also make cyberbullying a formidable force that can be better understood by the examination of its key features. Anonymity of the Perpetrator The anonymity of cyberbullying allows the perpetrators to disconnect and de-individualize, thereby voiding any empathy and criticism that could make them question their conscience. As a result, cyber attacks can be very vicious (Alexander, 2012). For example, anonymous cyberbullies often post harsh insults (Hoffman, 2012), disclose personal information, post inappropriate images and video clips (Papatraianon, Levine, & West, 2014), and stalk, lure (Hinduji, & Patchin, 2010) and harass their victims (Gillespie, 2006). The possibility of anonymity may also encourage people who would not normally engage in bullying to do so online because they become invisible (Cassidy, Faucher, & Jackson, 2013), "allowing their actions to be separated from the consequences" (Uhls, 2014, p. 30). Indeed, new apps such as Burn Book and Yik Yak are being created for the sole purpose of anonymous cyberbullying (Elliott, 2015). Cassidy and her colleagues (2013) stated that because the internet is such a global resource, authorities can not supervise its usage, which enables perpetrators to go undetected and to pursue their victims for an extended period of time, making the attacks more harmful. All of


Changes in insulation technology to accommodate new requirements are discussed. These include improved mica tapes and impregnation resins; increased use of automated taping machines; high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials for rotor and stator bracing, and insulating, components; improved stress grading paints/tapes; and increased use of environmentally safe materials.<<ETX>>


In this study, we explored how teachers in elementary schools in urban and rural areas in Indonesia experienced teaching and learning during school closure or learning from home (LFH) period and examined the barriers that hindered the teaching and learning process in both contexts. We collected data through demographic profiles and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 teachers. We organized our analysis around their perspectives on teaching and learning during COVID-19 pandemic that they encountered emerged. Overall, an analysis of the text revealed that major themes related to the critical issues of (1) teaching and learning activities during school closure, (2) how teachers assess students' learning progress, (3) how teachers maintained students' motivation during learning from home period, (4) the most challenging subject to teach during the learning from home period, (5) support from school or the principals, parents' ability to assist children learn during the pandemic, and (6) barriers to teaching and learning during the learning from home period. Future research and policy implications are also discussed.


In order to determine the most appropriate schedule of adjuvant intravesical treatment after transurethral resection (TURBT) in patients with non-muscle invasive (Ta, T1, CIS) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NMIBC), the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines divide patients into three risk groups: low, intermediate and high risk (1).


Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) gains attractions as a candidate for future material in various applications due to its physical and mechanical properties. The fundamental characterization of the crystallization of Mg 58 Cu 31 Gd 11 has been performed using in-situ synchrotron radiation technique complemented with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass transition temperature was detected and the occurrence of two step crystallization found during the process. The existence of Mg 2 Cu and other more complex compound is suggested.  Keywords: bulk metallic glass (BMG), synchrotron radiation, crystallization,


Heat transfer characteristics in mist cooling with commercial machining oil were investigated experimentally. Steady state experiments of heat transfer were conducted using a pure copper cylinder and mist flow of commercial machining oil and air. Liquid flow rate was 0.3, 0.9, 1.8, 4 and 8 l/hr, respectively; each air flow rate was 0, 40, 75 and 120 lN /min. Furthermore, liquid mass flux on the heating surface for each experimental condition was measured by using a measuring cylinder with same diameter as the heater. Average velocity of droplets and average diameter of those were measured by using a laser doppler anemometer and immersion method, respectively. The heat transfer mechanism in oil mist was only cooling of liquid film formed on a heated surface, whereas the heat transfer mechanism in water mist cooling was classified into three regions. The heat transfer coefficient in the oil mist was well expressed by the heat removal capacity on sensible heat of supplying oil-droplets to the heated surface. Four dimensionless correlations were derived from a dimension analysis, Buckingham Pi theorem, and experimental data for both water mist and the oil mist.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


duration of detrusor activity in this study are not clear. Mild, moderate and severe contractions were defined 'according to Coolsaet', although the parameters described by the authors are different from those in the quoted reference. We share the authors' concerns regarding the lack of standardisation in the conduct and interpretation of ambulatory urodynamic monitoring, and also welcome the recent report on standardisation by the International Continence Society. The validation of a protocol for ambulatory urodynamic monitoring, for the assessment of detrusor function, compared with conventional urodynamics, is contentious, since conventional urodynamics as the standard in this context has been recently challenged. The relationship between ambulatory urodynamic monitoring and symptoms is clearly important. However, retrospective analysis of the urodynamic trace in the presence of the woman re-introduces a subjective element to cystometry that ambulatory urodynamic monitoring was designed to avoid. Our experience, and that of others, suggests that measurements of detrusor contractions (amplitude, duration, frequency and bladder volume), combined with the woman's symptoms, may be used to differentiate clinical detrusor instability from detrusor activity which may be regarded as a variation of normal.


Introduction There is nothing making difficult the concept of poetry as defined by Qudama b. Ja"far (260/873-4-327/938-9); in fact it is as clear as the drawn sword. Quda-ma said: "Poetry are words in rhyme and metre indicating some meaning."1 This definition is based on the outward form of poetry and the jewel within it has been ignored. Although it is the most widespread definition of poetry, leading scholars of both former times and the present have not favoured it or agreed with it. One of the oldest sources illustrating this is the following anecdote related by "Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani about Hassan b. Thabit (May God be pleased with him):"One day, "Abd al-Rahman b. Hassan turned to his father, Hassan. He was weeping. He said: "A bird has pecked me!" Hassan told him: "Chase it away!" His son said: "It was as though it wrapped itself around my garments." But it was a hornet that had stung him. Whereupon Hassan exclaimed: "In truth, my son spoke poetry!""2As "Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani pointed out, Hassan observed the poetry in his son, "Abd al-Rahman, or his innate feeling for it. It is true he declaimed nothing in metre and rhyme, but his poetic simile was very fine....


Abstract Chiral vinyl phosphonates, homomorphous with natural nucleotides, have been prepared starting from (S)-malic acid as potential monomers for the synthesis of acyclic polynucleotides.


In the field of Requirements Engineering, goal modelling approaches have received much attention in recent years by researchers and practitioners alike. This chapter identifies the uses of these approaches in different contexts of requirements analysis phases. It examines goal modelling in terms of five methodological orientations and defines a framework for their analysis. Using this framework it provides an analysis of goal modelling approaches in a systematic and consistent manner. The aim of this analysis is to understand the best fit for purpose of different goal modelling approaches and to highlight open issues that provide a foundation for further research in this important area of Requirements Engineering methodology.


The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass waste into fuels and chemicals can be regarded as a carbon-neutral circular framework, which is particularly appealing for our sustainable society. In this...


A continuous English-Chinese speech translation system is introduced. The design and realization methods are disccussed. A demonstration system with 150 English words and 21 different English sentence patterns has been set up on AST 386C/P computer. It can recognize speaker-dependant continuously spoken English sentences and translate them to Chinese, then speak out naturally by Chinese speech synthesizer.


Mode couplings of the core modes to cladding modes with both lower and higher angular orders in chiral long period gratings (CLPGs) are analyzed. The sensing sensitivity of the resonant wavelength in response to strain and temperature are demonstrated, respectively. Both single- and double-helix CLPGs formed by silica and polymer fiber are considered. This provides useful guidance for practical designs of CLPGs to enhance the optical sensing sensitivity of the strain and temperature, or to decrease the environmental influence on spectral characteristics of CLPGs.


Agriculture is core to every nation's development especially in this 21 st century; hence, the investment on it by both developed and the developing countries. In a developing country like Ghana, however, more people are involved in agriculture but attract limited investment. Youth participation in agriculture for its sustained contribution to a nation's development is crucial but this is not ascertained in the study area. This paper discusses the findings of a study which was principally a limited youth participation in agriculture. The survey was carried out in the Sissala area of Ghana, comprising of the Sissala East and Sissala West districts. Multi-stage sampling was employed at the district, area council and then community levels. The two districts were purposefully sampled within which area councils were randomly sampled for communities and then sampled population for the study ensuring that 25 to 50% of the population is captured for the study. Relevant data was solicited through the use of questionnaire at individual levels, focus group discussions and in addition to observation especially during the data collection. The study revealed that there is movement away from farming culminating to limited youth participation in agriculture as a result of limited youth control of resources or products even though farming is profitable. It is recommended on the basis of this that an enabling environment be created, for instance resources such as capital and land and products from farming should be controlled by the youth since this will motivate and attract them to the profit thereof.


This paper describes how parallel dataflow programming can be simply and efficiently integrated with the Ada tasking model. Three extensions to standard Ada are proposed: parallel composition of statements, a parallel for-loop statement, and single-assignment types. Using these constructs, parallel Ada programs can be written without explicit tasking, that are identical—except for two new reserved words—to sequential Ada programs that satisfy the same specifications. These programs can be developed as sequential programs, then executed as deterministic parallel programs for high performance. The proposed extensions are defined by transformation into standard Ada tasking, and can efficiently be implemented by straightforward preprocessing, without any change to the underlying Ada compiler or run-time system.


Let D={z∈ℂ n /1−2z¯z t+|zz t|2>0 and |zz t|<1} be the Lie ball in ℂ n and let ℋ q be the associated Hua operator. Then, for a complex number λ such that ℛe(iλ)>n/2−1, we establish that every function F satisfying the following Hua system of differential equations: is the Poisson transform of an L p -function (1<p<+∞) over the Shilov boundary S of D if and only if it satisfies the following growth condition of Hardy type:


ARTICLE INFO The "Bottle cap verification" presents a smart approach for a real time inspection and selection of objects in continuous flow. Image processing in today's world grabs massive attentions as it leads to possibilities of broaden application in many fields of high technology. The real challenge is how to improve existing sorting system in the modular processing system which consists of four integrated stations of identification, processing, selection and sorting with a new image processing feature. Existing sorting method uses a set of inductive, capacitive and optical sensors do differentiate object color. In this project a Mechatronics sorting system solution with the application of image processing. Image processing procedure senses the objects in an image captured in real-time by a webcam and then identifies fault and information out of it. This information is processed by image processing for sorting. This system deals with an automated material handling system. It aims in classifying the faulty objects by shape, size, missing labels, missing parts which are coming on the conveyor by picking sorting the objects in its respective pre-programmed place.


The acoustic radiation force exerted on a small sphere located at the focus of an ultrasonic beam is measured in a soft gel. It is proved to evolve quadratically with the local amplitude of the acoustic field. Strong oscillations of the local pressure are observed and attributed to an acoustic Fabry-Perot effect between the ultrasonic emitter and the sphere. Taking this effect into account with a simple model, a quantitative link between the radiation force and the acoustic pressure is proposed and compared to theoretical predictions in the absence of dissipation. The discrepancy between experiment and theory suggests that dissipative effects should be taken into account for fully modeling the observations.


This paper studies monthly precipitation time series in Viçosa MG, Brazil. We aimed to detect serial patterns in precipitation like trend and seasonality and make predictions for the 2019 year. The idea was to understand water shortage events that occur in Viçosa as well as the challenges regarding water supply for human consumption and agricultural production faced by urban and rural citizens. We used time series and SARIMA (1,0,0) x (0,1,1) model approaches selected based on Bayesian and Akaike Information criteria values (BIC and AIC, respectively). In addition, the ARCH (2) model, selected through AIC, was used to fit SARIMA (1,0,0) x (0,1,1) residues with heteroscedasticity. Our results reveal no changes in precipitation for Viçosa, MG, Brazil, with large variations observed only for specific periods.


This paper reports on an impedance wire with flexible flow sensor and FFR sensor integrated on its surface, which will allow, for the first time, minimally invasive in-vivo measurement of blood flow rate and fractional flow reserve (FFR) simultaneously. These two sensors are first constructed on parylene-C film into a single device, with gold electrodes and leading wires embed in it. With a total thickness of 8 μm, the device has extremely flexibility and can work well on a thin wire with a diameter of 380 um. The flow sensor and the FFR sensor are both based on electrochemical impedance (EI) transduction, The EI-based sensor is the first time employed for FFR determination. The capability of the two sensors was demonstrated in-vitro. A favorable linearity of the impedance/flow relation of the flow sensor was found over 0-250ml/min. The FFR sensor also exhibited high sensitivity at the range of FFR from 0.6 to 1.


Given the fact that the probability of being punished varies between individuals, deterrence theory needs to be adapted to consider both punished and unpunished criminal experiences. Omitting this parameter from the decision model can lead to considerable biases and an overestimation of failure in the course of a criminal career. Studies in the prediction of recidivism that rely only on penal data are prone to this bias. In our study, self-reported offending data from an inmate sample (n = 199), in conjunction with penal data, allowed us to assess individual penal avoidance ability. When taking into consideration penal avoidance, past penal experiences appear to be an indicator of failure faced by offenders during their criminal career rather than its true continuation, creating the illusion of the efficient prediction of recidivism using past penal experiences. The intensity of past penal costs as well as legitimate opportunities are two factors that reduce the probability of the continuation of the criminal career. The benefits of crime increase this probability.


In this study the X38CrMoV5-3 hot work tool steel was subjected to the boronizing process. Nanoboron and Ekaboron powders were used in the boronizing process. Box boronizing technique was used for thermo reactive diffusion. TRD process was carried out under 900 and 1000 °C for 6 hours period. Wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk test rig. Wear tests were carried out under room temperature and 500 oC. Scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, 3d profilometer, X-Ray diffraction analysis, and micro-hardness device, were used in evaluation of microstructure and wear values of the specimens. After the boronizing process, Ekaboron and Nanoboron coating thickness of the specimens were found to increase with increasing boronizing temperature. However, Nanoboron coating thickness was observed to be higher than Ekaboron coating thickness on the treated specimens. The highest hardness and coating thickness values were obtained with Nanoboron powder under 1000 oC and 6 h conditions. Formation of FeB, Fe 2 B, Mn 2 B, Mo 2 B, Cr 5 B 3 phases were observed in boron coating layer. As the dominant wear mechanisms, micro-crack induced plastic deformation was observed during the wear tests of boronized specimens under high temperature, oxidation and microcrack formation were observed under room temperature, and oxidation and severe plastic deformation were observed on non-boronized specimens.


The possibility of DNA degradation is of concern to all involved in the storage of DNA, whether for diagnostic or research purposes. Many DNA banks are at present maintained at low temperatures, but optimum conditions for storage and handling have yet to be fully assessed. Both DNA and fresh blood have been subjected to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing and DNA extracted from the blood. DNA yield has been established and integrity examined by digestion, electrophoresis, and Southern blot analysis using DNA fingerprinting techniques. No degradation of DNA could be detected using these techniques; however, DNA yield was shown to be adversely affected by freezing, with yield reduced by more than 25% in blood samples frozen only once.


Purpose – The magnetostriction of grain-oriented electrical silicon steel sheet is studied for the magnetic field direction along the rolling direction and deviating from it. The method of calculating the vibration of transformer is developed through COMSOL. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Measurements of signals of magnetostriction and magnetic polarization, and calculation through software. Findings – The angle between the magnetic field direction and the rolling direction does a great influence on magnetostriction strain. Originality/value – The maximum λ p-p of transversal magnetostriction is above 30 times more than the value when the angle is 0°. The transversal magnetostriction is a main reason of vibration increasing at the corner of transformer.


PURPOSE: A magnifying method of a photographed screen, a change method and a photographing device using the same are provided to search a subject which a user intents to magnify more easily. CONSTITUTION: A display unit displays a photographed screen. If a zoom-in area is selected on the screen, a control unit(130) displays guide information about the zoom-in area on the screen. If the zoom-in command is inputted, the control unit magnifies the screen based on the zoom-in command. The control unit revises the guide information. The control unit magnifies the guide information according to zoom in magnification corresponding to the zoom in command and revises.


Lyme disease, caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common and rapidly growing vector-borne infectious disease in the United States and Europe. High variability in disease burden among Lyme patients suggests that individual immune responses may be key drivers of clinical presentation and patient outcomes. Use of high resolution flow-based immunosorbent profiling revealed that a subset of Lyme patients with persistent symptoms were producing high concentrations of IgE specific to B. burgdorferi. Comparing C57B/6 mice, which are tolerant to B. burgdorferi, and C3H/HeJ mice, which are susceptible to disease, we find high levels of IgE specific for B. burgdorferi in C3H/HeJ but not C57B/6 mice. Furthermore, IgE was found to target Borrelia peptidoglycan in both acute and chronic infection models. Histologic analysis of mouse Lyme arthritic ankle tissue showed mast cells, which release highly immunogenic effectors upon activation by bound IgE, degranulating at significantly higher rates compared to uninfected controls. Forced mast cell degranulation exacerbated Lyme arthritis in infected mice. This data suggests that a subset of Lyme patients with persistent symptoms may have developed an allergic response to conserved bacterial antigens from a B. burgdorferi infection, as opposed to an autoimmune type response. Inclusion of IgE reactivity in diagnostic testing and examination of pathological immune responses to bacterial antigens could assist clinicians in patient care and effective treatments.
 Research reported in this publication was supported by the Fairbairn family foundation; Bay Area Lyme Foundation; the Younger family foundation; the Robert J. Kleberg, Jr., and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research; M.C.T. was supported by Stanford Immunology training grant 5T32AI007290, and the NIH NRSA 1 F32 AI124558-01 award. L.B.T.D. was supported by a Stanford Diversifying Academia Recruiting Excellence fellowship. S.D.G was supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Bridges 2.0 Training Program grant EDUC2-08397. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


With the development of surface science and bionics, the wettability of solid surfaces has drawn a broad attention. A simple hydrothermal reaction was used for the preparation of Ni3S2 coating with nanowires structure. Then the surface modified by tetradecanoic acid displayed an excellent repellence to water, glycerol and ethanol solutions. The stability of the Ni3S2 superomniphobic surface was investigated, finding that the superomniphobic surface owned a great resistance to the tape-peeling and air environment. The method for preparing Ni3S2 superomniphobic coating is simple and economical, which has an advantage in future application in self-cleaning and oil-water separation.


Abstract In this paper, we propose a technique by integrating mechanical mounts into lens elements to fulfill a self-aligned and self-assembled optical system. To prove this concept, we designed, fabricated, and tested an ultra-compact endoscope that adopts this technique. By taking advantages of the specially designed fixture and observing the interference fringes between the lens and fixture, we developed a method to minimize decenter and tilt between the two surfaces of the endoscope lens during the diamond turning fabrication process. The integrated mechanical mounts provide an easy assembly process for the endoscope system while maintaining high accuracy in system alignment. With the application of heat shrink tube as the endoscope system holder and to block stray light, the proposed endoscope system has the advantages of low cost, compact size, and high imaging quality.


A cross-connected source (CCS) based multilevel inverter (MLI) is proposed for the generation of "9" and 13-levels using asymmetrical switching. The reduced switch CCS-MLI is controlled with a low frequency selective-harmonic-elimination pulse-width-modulation (SHE-PWM) strategy. The switching angles are synthesized by solving SHE equations utilizing the proposed modified artificial-neural-network (ANN) like architecture. The ANN can solve multiple transcendental equations starting from random initial guess points and without any initial data. This adds a significant improvement to the existing techniques that suffer severely with an increased number of SHE equations to be solved. To verify these unique features of the modified ANN, a CCS-MLI is realized with a higher number of levels. The enhanced performance and reasonable convergence rate of the ANN validate the suitability of the proposed control. Furthermore, CCS-MLI is simulated for resistive-inductive load considering THD as a performance parameter. The power quality improvement of the proposed inverter is shown for different modulation index (MI) and significantly low THD is reported for both "9" and 13-level case. Experimental results of a hardware prototype are also illustrated. Furthermore, the proposed system is implemented as a central inverter of standalone PV system to test its practical feasibility.


We report the experimental results of quasiparticle tunneling using Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (BSCCO)-SiO-Ag planar junctions. For the {001}-oriented junctions, we have measured a well-known V-shaped gap structure expected for d -wave superconductors. For the {100}- and {110}-oriented junctions, a reproducible zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) enhancement has been observed. The temperature dependence of the ZBCP is also presented. The ZBCP was observed below T c . Our results are consistent with those of recent studies on the Andreev reflection between a d -wave superconductor and a normal metal.


Inferring cognitive state from non invasive neurophysiological sensors is a challenging task even in pristine laboratory environments. Artifacts ranging from eye blinks, to muscle artifacts and electrical line noise can mask electrical signals associated with cognitive functions. These concerns are particularly pronounced in the context of the Honeywell team's ongoing efforts to realize neurophysiologically driven adaptive automation for the dismounted ambulatory soldier. Besides the typical sources of signal contamination, the Honeywell team has to deal with the effects of artifacts induced by shock, rubbing cables and gross muscle movement. This paper presents the Honeywell team's efforts to make reliable sensor based cognitive state assessments given the constraints just cited. Cognitive state classification results suggest that it is feasible to classify cognitive state in ambulatory, militaryrelevant task contexts.


An experiment was conducted using five different wheat genotypes to determine their resistance to Sitotroga cerealella (L.) at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2018-2020. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications in a control temperature of 29±2˚C with 65±5% relative humidity. The cultures were maintained in glass jars of 1 kg capacity containing the wheat grains and 25 adults of S. cerealella were released in these jars, separately. The results were evaluated by calculation of susceptibility index, percent grains damaged and percent weight loss of wheat grains against the infestation of S. cerealella. Among all the genotypes percent grains damaged (52.91%), percent weight loss (21.75%) and was found to be 'highly susceptible' genotype, while the lowest percent damaged grains (25.25%) and weight loss (8.64%) were recorded in genotype HPBW 1 and was found the 'susceptible' genotype against the infestation of pest, while all the remaining genotypes were intermediary to the pest attack.


Received 2 March 2010; accepted 7 July 2010DOI 10.1002/app.33035Published online 30 August 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).ABSTRACT: In the present work, statistical (EOCs) andblock (OBCs) ethylene-octene copolymers, with similardensities and crystallinities, were used as impact modifiersof isotactic polypropylene (iPP), and the toughening effectsof these two types of elastomers were compared. The vis-cosity curves of EOCs were similar to those of OBCs withequivalent melt flow rate (MFR), enabling a comparison ofthe viscosity ratio and elastomer type as independent vari-ables. No distinct differences on the crystal forms andcrystal perfection of iPP matrix in various blends wereobserved by thermal analysis. Morphological examinationshowed that OBCs form smaller dispersed domains thanEOCs with similar MFRs. The flexural modulus, yieldstress, stress and strain at break showed the same varia-tion tendency for all the investigated polypropylene/elas-tomer blends. However, the room temperature Izodimpact toughness of iPP/OBC blend was higher than thatof iPP/EOC blend containing elastomer with the similarMFRs. The experimental results indicated that the compat-ibility of iPP/OBCs was much higher than that of iPP/EOCs.


A radiological study was carried out for the purpose of observing functional disorders of the pharynx, which were as follows, i.e. pharyngeal stasis, asymmetrical deglutition, piece meal deglutition, aspiration into the trachea, pharyngeal laxity, hesitant deglutition, pharyngeal spasm, esophago-pharygeal regurgitation and regurgitation into the epipharynx. Among these disorders pharyngeal stasis, 'asymmetrical deglutition and piece meal deglutition were more frequently observed than others.It was a matter of course that these radiological findings were valuable for diagnosing diseases of the pharynx, particularly paralysis of the pharynx. Furthermore, a close connection between these findings and diseases of esophagus was indicated in our case series, that is, some pharyngeal disorders were recognized in twenty nine out of those thirty cases which were proved the lesions of the regions of the pharyngo-esophageal junction and the upper part of the esophagus. It was characteristic that in these cases very frequently pharyngeal stasis, asymmetrical deglutition and piece meal deglutition were simultaneously observed. According to above facts, it should be emphasized that when some pharyngeal disorders were recognized, man must always concerned about not only diseases of the pharynx but also the lesions occuring from these regions of the esophagus, particularly such organic diseases as esophageal cancer, esophageal diverticulum or esophagitis.


A 26-year-old man with congenital hydrocephalus had a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt inserted at the age of 2 years. The shunt was last revised 14 years prior to the current presentation. In the year leading up to his admission, the patient changed his lifestyle, exercised regularly and lost 14 kg in weight. During this time he became aware of the peritoneal tubing under the skin on his anterior chest wall. Approximately two weeks prior to admission he noticed a small swelling 5 cm below his costophrenic angle. Over the following fortnight, the swelling became red and began to leak clear fluid. Eventually the lower end of the peritoneal catheter eroded through the abdominal wall, at which point the patient was admitted to our care. Examination revealed a white silicone tube protruding through the abdominal wall and leaking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at a rate of about 5 drops per minute. (Fig. 1) The skin around the peritoneal catheter was slightly reddened, but showed no sign of infection. The patient was otherwise well and neurological examination showed no abnormalities. CT brain scan showed collapse of the right lateral ventricle and very little CSF space around the basal cisterns. To achieve dilatation of the ventricles and allow insertion of a new shunt, the protruding distal end of the catheter was clamped. The following day, the old shunt was removed and a new shunt was inserted. The new peritoneal catheter was placed more laterally in the upper quadrant of the abdomen. The patient remained well and was discharged home two days after his operation. Perforation of intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic structures by the peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a rare but well recognized complication. – 3 It usually occurs within weeks or months after surgery. It is unclear why shunt catheters migrate and penetrate adjacent structures, but chronic mechanical irritation may play an important role. In our patient, the interval between shunt insertion and penetration of the abdominal wall was 14 years. It seems likely that the recent FIG. 1 (a & b). Distal end of peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This had eroded through the skin after the patient had taken up a lifestyle of weight reduction and exercise. The shunt had last been revised 14 years previously.


We analyze the possibilities that the methods of statistical mechanics could offer us in the context of precision tests. The properties of a Bose‐Einstein condensate in a Lorentz violating scenario, characterized by a deformation in the dispersion relation, will be studied. Similarly, the possibility of detecting the temperature of a freely falling Bose‐Einstein condensate, as a test for the Einstein Equivalence Principle will be addressed.


In the male gametophytes of the marine alga Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), axial cells and the initial pericentral cells are uninucleate (4C DNA value). Each pericentral cell of axial segment 5 cuts off a uninucleate (2C) tier cell from the upper surface. In axial segment 7, the 2C nucleus of the lower tier cell divides after DNA synthesis, and a conjunctor cell is formed that fuses with the upper tier cell of the lower adjacent axial segment, transferring a 2C planetic nucleus and producing a secondary pit connection. This upper tier cell contains a single 2C planetic nucleus and one 2C resident nucleus. The nucleus of the lower tier cell remains 2C. Thus a 2-1-2-1 nuclear sequence is evident in tier cells of the upper axis. At axial segment 25, the two 2C nuclei of the upper tier cell become 4C and divide to form four 2C nuclei. One is transmitted to a conjunctor cell that fuses with the lower tier cell establishing a secondary pit connection vertically between the two tier cells of this segment. The lower tier cell contains two 2C nuclei and the upper tier cell has three 2C nuclei. Thus the axial mid-region exhibits a 2-1-2-1 pit-connection sequence and a 3-2-3-2 nuclear sequence in the vertical tier cell series. At axial segment 40, both 2C nuclei of the lower tier cell become 4C and divide into four 2C nuclei. One of these is transmitted by the conjunctor cell to the upper tier cell of the next lower axial segment, thus establishing a second secondary pit connection between the lower tier cell of one axial segment and the upper tier cell of the next lower segment and resulting in a 4-3-4-3 nuclear sequence in the tier-cell series. Occasionally, anomalous 3-1 or 2-2 nuclear sequences develop below axial segment 10.


A copper(Ⅱ) complex [Cu(CAM)(H2O)2], (CAM=4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), has been hydr-othermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray diffraction single crystal structure analysis. It belongs to triclinic system, with space group P1, a=0.783 3(3) nm, b=0.796 5(3) nm, c=0.798 6(3) nm, α=100.340(6)°, β=93.768(6)°, γ=109.348(5)°, V=0.458 3(3) nm3, Z=2. The copper(Ⅱ) ion is 5-coordinated and exhi bits a distorted square pyramidal coordination environment. The two coordinated aqueous molecules and the oxygen atoms from the ligand generate the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which result in the 2D supramolecular network. CCDC: 227156.


AbstractObjective: Despite research on its effectiveness, many therapists still have negative attitudes toward using outcome monitoring feedback. The current study aims to investigate how the perceived match between values of an individual and those of the organization (Person–Organization fit; PO fit), and motivation to prevent failure or to achieve success (regulatory focus) are related to therapists' attitude, attitude changes over time, and outcomes. Method: Therapists (n = 20) filled out a feedback attitude questionnaire at two points in time: before the start of outcome monitoring, and after six months. In addition, they completed measures on PO fit and regulatory focus. Results: PO fit was predictive of outcomes, when feedback was provided, but did not predict therapists' attitude. Therapists with a strong prevention focus (prevent failures), had a more positive attitude toward feedback, but achieved slower symptom reduction in their at risk cases. A strong promotion focus (achieve success) was not...


A. R. Horowitz and Arthur Denholm, 'Management insecticide resistance in whiteflies and aphids in cotton fields', in E hequet, T J Henneberry and R L Nichols, Eds., Sticky Cotton: Causes, Effects and Prevention, (Maricopa: USDA-ARS, 2007)


Influence of zinc and lead salts on taxonomic diversity and population characteristics (population density, seasonal dynamics, age and eco-trophic structure) of nematodes-phytotrophs was experimentally studied. Parameters, sensitive and resistant to heavy metals, were detected. Taxonomic composition of nematodes was found to decrease in heavy metal treatments in some terms of observations. The most considerable changes were revealed for total number of nematodes-phytotrophs. After applying heavy metals into the soil (May – June) the total number of nematodes was increased, mostly due to plant parasite trophic group. Afterwards the ratio Asp/Pp was temporally changed. At the end of a season (August – September) a decrease in nematode population density was established in zinc and lead treatments in comparison with control. Such population characteristics as seasonal population dynamics and age structure were independent on pollutants. Particularities of heavy metal impacts on the nematodes were revealed. It was found that changes in population characteristics of nematodes-phytotrophs under the of heavy metal pollution were short-lived. Oт the base of principal component analysis it was shown that nematodes-phytotrophs were less susceptible to the effect of heavy metals once applied to the soil, then to natural fluctuations of abiotic factors.


The main objective of this study is to highlight the performance of beams composed of lightweight concrete-filled steel tubes (square and circle sections) composite with reinforced concrete deck slab. A total of nine composite beams were tested included two circular and seven square concrete-filled steel tubes. Among the nine composite beams, one beam, S20-0-2000, was prepared without a deck slab to act as a reference specimen. The chief parameters investigated were the length of the specimen, the compressive strength of the concrete slab, and the effect of the steel tube section type. All beams were tested using the three-point bending test with a concentrated central point load and simple supports. The test results showed that the first crack in the concrete deck slab was recorded at load levels ranging from 50.9% to 77.2% of the ultimate load for composite beams with square steel tubes. The ultimate load increased with increasing the compressive strength of the concrete slab. Shorter specimens were more stiffness than the other specimens but were less ductile. The slip values were equal to zero until the loads reached their final stages, while the specimen S20-55-1100 (short specimen) exhibited zero slip at all stages of the load. The ultimate load of the hollow steel tube composite beam was 13.2% lower than that of the reference beam. Moreover, the ductility and stiffness of the beam were also higher for beams with composite-filled steel tubes. was evaluated for three specimens. The effect of concrete compressive strength was used in the deck slab where three different mixes were also studied. The effect of the different sections of the steel tube was considered in the study where two specimens type were used, one with a circular section and the other with a square section. The use of a deck slab was also studied where one of the specimens was used without a deck slab and the effect of filling the tube with concrete as one of the specimens formed was without concrete.


本研究主要依據Friedman、Fishbach、Forster與Werth(2003)提出的「知覺注意廣度」(the scope of perceptual attention)觀點,主張藉由眼球追蹤儀器蒐集的「平均掃視幅度大小」(the average saccade amplitude , 以下簡稱ASA)與知覺注意廣度概念相似,並假設ASA較大者,會促使較寬的概念注意廣度,進而產生較佳的創造力表現。本研究以大學生為研究樣本,並進行二個研究以探討之。研究一主要是讓受試者觀看由八張圖片所組成的刺激材料以獲得ASA指標分數,蒐集受試者在CPAI-2中的創造力人格特質、威廉斯創造性傾向量表與中文遠距聯想作業等分數,並使用皮爾森積差相關分別探討上述關係。結果發現:ASA分別與擴散性思考特質、好奇心特質與中文遠距聯想作業的通過率有接近顯著或達顯著的正相關。研究二則操弄受試者不同的ASA,再測量他們於頓悟性問題的表現,並採用t-test考驗之。結果指出ASA對頓悟性問題表現並無效果存在。究其原因,或許兩者之間的相關為假性相關、抑或ASA指標僅與某種創造力問題類型有關(如中文遠距聯想作業),而與頓悟性問題無關。綜合言之,ASA與創造力間似乎為存有正向關係,但仍未發現兩者間是否有因果關係。本研究根據研究結果進行討論,並提出未來研究上的建議。 關鍵詞   平均掃視幅度大小、眼動追蹤儀器、創造力。 《詳全文》 An Exploratory Study of the Relation Between the Average Saccade Amplitude and Creativity Under the Eyetracker Mechanism The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the Average Saccade Amplitude (ASA) and Creativity under the eye tracker mechanism. The original concept is from Friedman, Fishbach, Forster, and Werth (2003). This study proposed that the principle of the ASA collected by eye tracker is similar to the scope of perceptual attention, and there is a positive relationship between the ASA and creativity. Furthermore, the ASA would affect the scope of conceptual attention, and in turn affect creative performance. According to the above description, there are four designed studies to test the relation between the ASA and creativity. Participants were Taiwanese students. In Studies 1, 2, and 3, participants watched 8 pictures for gathering the ASA data. We also collected scores of creative personality traits in CPAI-2, the test of Divergent Feeling and CRAT from the above participants. Pearson's correlations were used in the study. Results suggested that the correlations among the ASA, creativity (including personality trait of divergent thinking and curiousness), and CRAT were significantly positive or close to positive. In Study 4, we manipulated participants' ASA scope, and then observed their performance in insight problem solving. t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the ASA had no effect on the performance in insight problem solving. Based on these findings, we argued that the ASA is related to some specific problem-solving in creativity rather than insight problems, or the relation between the ASA and creativity were spurious. Suggestions for further studies are proposed. Key Words creativity, eyetracker, the average saccade amplitude


The invention relates to a method for producing a lightweight artificial culture stone product by adopting high-humidity sludge, and aims to provide the method capable of achieving effective digestion of the high-humidity sludge and environmental protection. The lightweight artificial culture stone product produced with the method has the characteristics of high structural strength, good weather resistance and excellent overall performance. According to the technical scheme, the method for producing the lightweight artificial culture stone product by adopting the high-humidity sludge comprises steps as follows: 1), preparation of raw materials including high-humidity sludge, washed-out sand sludge, special cement, waste foam particles or waste plastic particles, lightweight aggregate, a sludge modifier and an appropriate amount of water; 2), slurry preparation; 3), molding; 4), surface treatment; accordingly, the lightweight artificial culture stone product is obtained.


Ongoing studies that examine the influences of environmental, intrinsic, and demographic factors on survival and cause-specific mortality rates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been critical to enhancing our understanding of population performance and to improving management. A recent evaluation report from the Office of the Legislative Auditor recommended that the "...DNR should conduct field research to collect and utilize more information about Minnesota's deer... and inform the department's vital rate estimates of deer births and deaths, and better reflect deer population dynamics" to improve our understanding of demographics and habitat requirements. Using cutting-edge global positioning system (GPS) collars, and remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, we recently launched a study that will inform a level of understanding of habitat requirements and drivers of population performance required by managers to prescribe forest manipulations that best support population goals. Herein, our objectives are to compare winter survival rates and cause-specific mortality (and influential factors) of adult (≥1.5 yr) female deer residing on study sites in northcentral (Inguadona Lake) and northeastern (Elephant Lake) Minnesota. We predicted that survival, percent winter mortality, and the impact of wolf (Canis lupus) predation would be influenced by winter severity in a way that is consistent with our understanding of this relationship garnered from a previous long-term (1991−2005) study in northcentral Minnesota. The natural mortality rate during the first winter (2017−2018) was high; 6 of 19 (31.6%) GPScollared adult female deer (3 at each site) were all killed by wolves during 10 April to 31 May 2018. Overall survival had decreased to 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50−0.93) by then. But this was a pilot year, so the survival estimate was limited by small sample sizes (10 collared deer per site) and represented only the late–winter season (12 March to 28 May 2018) due to delayed capture operations. However, during the second winter (2018−2019), with more than twice the sample size (n = 51), the natural mortality rate was also high (36.7%); 17 of 49 deer were preyed upon wolves and 1 by bobcat (Felis rufus) between 1 November 2018 and 20 April 2019 (cutoff for analysis for this annual report). Eight mortalities occurred at Inguadona Lake and 9 at Elephant Lake. The overall survival rate was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.57−0.86). The wolf predation rates during the 2 winters (31.6% and 34.7%) notably exceeded what we had expected based on the documented relationship of the previous long-term study. Typically, adult female deer enter winter in better physical condition than fawns and adult males, and thus have the highest probability of surviving winter. Our findings at least suggest that during both winters overall mortality rates at the population level, across sex and age classes, were likely higher than indicated by our adult female data. Ongoing federal protection of wolves in


The sorption capacity of the microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was investigated using different metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni), in both monometallic and bimetallic solutions. The final metal concentrations were significantly low. In the case of copper, an acid pretreatment (at pH 3) of the biomass was required to avoid an excessive increase in pH and the subsequent precipitation of metal during tests. This pretreatment was not necessary for the rest of the metals. The study of the influence of pH led to a greater metal uptake at a higher pH, suggesting a clear competition between metal cations and protons during the biosorption process. The biomass concentration was also a relevant variable, and the best sorption capacities were achieved at the lowest biomass concentration. pH also had a great influence on the elution of the metal retained by the biomass. The best recovery yields were obtained for the lower pH of the eluent solution. Sorption isotherms were well fitted to the Langmuir model, for both single-metal and two-metal systems. In both cases, the biomass showed a greater affinity for Cd.


Correspondence: Matthew R Hopkins Mayo Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 200 First Street Sw, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Tel +1 507 266 3717 Fax +1 507 266 7953 email email@example.com Abstract: The EssureTM system for permanent contraception was developed as a less invasive method of female sterilization. Placement of the EssureTM coil involves a hysteroscopic transcervical technique. This procedure can be done in a variety of settings and with a range of anesthetic options. More than eight years have passed since the US Food and Drug Administration approval of EssureTM. Much research has been done to evaluate placement success, adverse outcomes, satisfaction, pain, and the contraceptive efficacy of the EssureTM. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature regarding the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction with this new sterilization technique.


Considerable work has been conducted to find more effective chemicals for reducing dental caries in human beings. During study in our laboratories, it was found that a compound subsequently identified as sodium pentafluorostannite possessed anticariogenic properties superior to any previously recognized compound when provided during the period of tooth development. In human clinical evaluation, it was found to be about twice as effective as either sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride when used as a constituent of a vitamin preparation.' It is the purpose of this report to describe the method of preparation of sodium pentafluorostannite and describe some of the more important physical and chemical properties of this compound.


A study on the effect of extraction methods on fanggelan leaf by boiling and pressing has been conducted. langgelan leaf was extracted for gel forming component by: boiling, pressing and combination of boiling and pressing. A 100 ml filtrate obtained front each extraction method was Mixed with 3 g suspension of tapioca and boiled with constant agitation. The mixture was then allowed to cool to room temperature and form a cincau gel. The gel was characterized for breaking strength and syneresis in addition to the yield that was determined for each extraction method. The extraction method with the highest yield was continued to optimize using respond surface methodology (RSM) for the best condition. The results indicated that the yield of extraction methods were 6,06% for pressing; 15,29% for boiling; 18,96% for boiling and pressing; and 22,13 % for pressing and boiling. The best condition for pressing and boiling extraction method was 275,4 kg/crn2 (pressure) for 3,2 minutes (time) which resulted gel 33,98 N (breaking strength).


Economic growth and poverty reduction in Ethiopia is dependent on an agricultural sector that employs more than 85 percent of the labor force. The primary farming activity is the production of cereals for domestic consumption, especially wheat, maize, teff, and sorghum. Agriculture is almost entirely rainfed with only 1.4 percent of total cropped area irrigated, less than half of the African average. In Ethiopia, deficit rainfall during either of the two rainfall periods is the most indicative proxy for changes in yields and farm output. Ethiopian farmers' high level of exposure to risk and its consequences necessitates a focus on a range of policy areas to reduce risks as a core part of a growth-oriented strategy. A comprehensive strategy must include formal mechanisms both to reduce risk and help households manage risk, including i) risk reduction; ii) risk management; and iii) reducing vulnerability. This note focuses on one of the available instruments to address the risk management component of this strategy. Insurance is one approach that should be considered. This note also looks at using index-based weather insurance, which uses measurable weather events as a proxy for losses, as one household risk management alternative by delivering insurance efficiently and cost effectively.


 Abstract— Teachers" readiness in teaching and learning is very important in producing and creating effective teaching and learning methods, especially towards the mastery, practices and cultivation of entrepreneurial values among primary school students. Therefore, this paper will be discussing on a study of teachers" readiness in teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education in primary schools (KHSR) in Petaling Utama, Petaling Jaya, Selangor area. A set of questionnaire was used as the research instrument to assess the level of teachers" readiness in teaching and learning of KHSR in primary schools. The study showed that the level of teachers" readiness in teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education KHSR is on the moderate level.


Linear models for control and motion generation of humanoid robots have received significant attention in the past years, not only due to their well known theoretical guarantees, but also because of practical computational advantages. However, to tackle more challenging tasks and scenarios such as locomotion on uneven terrain, a more expressive model is required. In this paper, we are interested in contact interaction-centered motion optimization based on the momentum dynamics model. This model is non-linear and non-convex; however, we find a relaxation of the problem that allows us to formulate it as a single convex quadratically-constrained quadratic program (QCQP) that can be very efficiently optimized and is useful for multi-contact planning. This convex model is then coupled to the optimization of end-effector contact locations using a mixed integer program, which can also be efficiently solved. This becomes relevant e.g. to recover from external pushes, where a predefined stepping plan is likely to fail and an online adaptation of the contact location is needed. The performance of our algorithm is demonstrated in several multi-contact scenarios for a humanoid robot.


In this article the author, a fiction writer, re-examines James's declaration in the preface to The Ambassadors: "Another surrounding scene would have done so well for our show could it have represented a place in which Strether's errand was likely to lie and his crisis to await him." She argues that no other "surrounding scene" could have functioned "so well" as Paris for the novel's setting. She supports her claims with close readings from the text as well as with references to E.M. Forster, David Lodge, Janet Burroway, and others. Laurence Raw


To offer a low-cost and high-performance distributed computing platform, we have studied the user-PC computing (UPC) system based on the master-worker model. The UPC system uses idling resources of personal computers (PCs) for daily usage by users as the workers, to run the requested jobs or application programs that may need various environments on Docker containers. In this paper, we implement a job migration function in the UPC system to speed up the completion by dynamically changing the assigned worker. It adopts Checkpoint-Restore in Userspace (CRIU) to save the data at the job running into image files and Podman to manage the Docker containers. To verify the function, we conduct extensive measurements with nine jobs and four PCs that have different features. The results show that any job was successfully migrated between different PCs, and the migration from a slow PC to a faster PC reduced the total CPU time.


Maintaining healthy organization-customers relationship has positive influence on customers' behavioral tendencies as regards preference to products and services, buying behavior, loyalty, satisfaction, and so on. To achieve this, an in-depth analysis of customers' characteristics and purchasing behavioral trend is required . This paper proposes a hybrid unsupervised learning framework consisting of k-means algorithm and self-organizing maps (SOMs) for customer segmentation and behavior analysis. K-means algorithm was used to partition the entire input space of customers' transaction dataset into 3 and 4 disjoint segments based on customers' frequency (F) and monetary value (MV). SOM provided visualization of the underlying clusters and discovered customers' relationships in the dataset. Interaction of F and MV clusters resulted in 12 sub-clusters. An in-depth analysis of each sub-cluster was also performed and appropriate customer relationship management (CRM) strategies established for each sub-cluster. Discovered knowledge will guide effective allocation of resources to each customer cluster and other organizational decision support functions much required by CRM systems.


This paper presents analysis on wave propagation and power flow in an acoustic metamaterial plate with lateral local resonance. The metamaterial is designed to have lateral local resonance systems attached to a homogeneous plate. Relevant theoretical analysis, numerical modelling and application prospect are presented. Results show that the metamaterial has two complete band gaps for flexural wave absorption and vibration attenuation. Damping can smooth and lower the metamaterial's frequency responses in high frequency ranges at the expense of the band gap effect, and as an important factor to calculate the power flow is thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the effective mass density becomes negative and unbounded at specific frequencies. Simultaneously, power flow within band gaps are dramatically blocked from the power flow contour and power flow maps. Results from finite element modelling and power flow analysis reveal the working mechanism of the flexural wave attenuation and power flow blocked within the band gaps, where part of the flexural vibration is absorbed by the vertical resonator and the rest is transformed through four-link-mechanisms to the lateral resonators that oscillate and generate inertial forces indirectly to counterbalance the shear forces induced by the vibrational plate. The power flow is stored in the vertical and lateral local resonance, as well as in the connected plate.


Abstract In human population surveys, respondents are not likely to participate or give honest and truthful answers when the stigmatized issues are asked. To reduce the response biases RRT was developed. The proposed technique is an extension of Abul Ela's et al. RRT where the population was divided into three categories. In the proposed technique, the population is divided into five groups in which at least one and not more than four groups are stigmatized to estimate the population proportion of people having stigmatized issues. Unbiased estimates are obtained, and the variances of the proposed estimates are compared with the estimates of Warner and Abul-Ela et al. RRT and are shown to be efficient. The efficiencies are proved theoretically as well as numerically. Data collected through FGD from 90 respondents to prove numerical efficiency.


Nonsectarian Pennsylvania Germans who are the first generation in their families to learn English natively, often attempt to learn the Pennsylvania German that their families no longer regularly use. This study assesses the process of acquiring a dying language by investigating learners' use of the Pennsylvania German dative case. Learning strategies are remarkably free of reliance on English rules. Evidence indicates that speakers rely on what they have learned and seek analogies within Pennsylvania German, resorting to English only when other strategies fail. The search for near-congruity identified as operative across languages operates within the learner language as internal analogy. Learners also seek to maximize the distance between English and Pennsylvania German and emphasize the distinctiveness of each.


The software package PPXA (programs for precise X-ray analysis) is described, which provides crystallographers with increased precision and reliability of the results of X-ray analysis. The package includes programs for: testing the quality of an automatic four-circle X-ray diffractometer before X-ray experiments; optimization of X-ray diffraction experiments; preliminary processing of experimental data; precise structure analysis up to electron density distribution. The programs for diffractometer testing allow the experimenter to check the stability and precision of the instrument, the homogeneity of the X-ray beam and the detector sensitivity. The programs for preliminary data processing include: corrections for absorption, taking into account the intensity distribution in the X-ray beam cross section; correction or elimination of the simultaneous reflection effect; background subtraction, correcting the effects of the scan-interval cut-off; correction for thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) for crystals in cases of both known and unknown elasticity constants. The programs for precise crystal structure refinement include options for the determination of primary- and secondary-extinction parameters, atomic coordinates, thermal-vibration parameters in harmonic and anharmonic approximations, occupation of atomic positions, atom-core and valence-shell occupation parameters. The programs were written for a MicroVAX-II computer with a VAX/VMS operating system and designed to work with CAD-4 diffractometers and the SDP-Plus software package. A suitable dialogue with a menu system and detailed user's instructions are available.


This thesis focuses on a much neglected area of women's history, female leisure. It examines the processes of change since the Second World War in British society as experienced by British women, through the lens of women's cricket, a sport previously completely overlooked by historians. A combination of archival material and oral history interviews with female cricketers past and present is used to examine the constraints faced by women in postwar Britain in gaining  access to spaces of leisure such as sport, and the ways in which they exercised agency in  overcoming such barriers.  The thesis makes a key contribution to the historiography of the women's movement in twentiethcentury Britain, demonstrating that female cricketers always espoused so-called 'second-wave feminist' ideals such as the freedom to control their own bodies, the need for a women-only space, and a rejection of traditional ideas of domesticity in favour of exercising their own right to leisure. Thus, despite the fact that the 'feminist' label is rejected by cricketers in oral history interviews, women's cricket can still be conceived of as a site of feminism. By documenting the problems women had with gaining access to cricketing resources, coverage of female cricketers in the media, and the attitudes of British governments and British society more broadly to women's cricket, the thesis highlights how sport remains an arena in which traditional attitudes to gender roles have until recently undergone very little significant change Authors Nicholson, Rafaelle URI http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12987 Collections Theses [3068] Copyright statements The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author Follow QMUL on Twitter Follow QM Research Online on twitter  Like a man trying to knit'?: Women's Cricket in Britain, 1945-2000


A novel plastic scintillator, referred to as J-PET scintillator, has been developed for the application in the digital positron emission tomography (PET). The novelty of the concept lies in application of the 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole as a wavelength shifter. To date, the chemical compound has not been used as scintillator additive. A role of wavelength shifter is to shift the scintillation spectrum towards longer wavelengths making it more suitable for applications in scintillators of long strips geometry because of larger attenuation length, and light detection with digital silicon photomultipliers. In the thesis method of scintillators development and characterization of their properties are presented as well as synthesis method of the novel wavelength shifter. The optimal concentration of the novel wavelength shifter was established by maximizing the light output. Performance of scintillator, considering light emission spectrum, light emission efficiency, rising and decay times of the scintillation pulses were analyzed and compared to state of the art commercially available plastic scintillators. Structure of J-PET scintillators was studied and discussed.


For concrete faced rockfill dams,while the concrete face functions normally,the seepage stability of the dam is satisfied;while the concrete face cracks locally or does not work properly,it is pivotal for the transition zone to control seepage field in the dam and to keep seepage stability.Taking the concrete faced rockfill dam of Shuibuya Hydropower Station for example,the coefficient between cushion layer and transition zone is analyzed;it is indicated that tests are necessary to study filtering and protection of transition zone for cushion layer.Tests are performed with cushion layer and transition zone material of whole size gradation;and the seepage deformation and filtering effect is studied.Synthesizing the test results and the results in author's papers published already,the mechanism for the transition zone to control the seepage field in superhigh concrete faced rockfill dam is concluded.The transition zone,together with the main rockfill zone,could drain efficiently water from cushion layer.Ones the concrete face cracks or does not work properly,the interior structure of the cushion layer would change with the fine particles moving downward along water flow.Fortunately,with the protection of transition zone,the particles would stop around the interface between the two zones;and seepage stability of the cushion layer would be maintained.In the first abnormal experience,some fine particles would move out from the transition zone;but the framework of the material would remain stable.With the support of the main rockfill zone,the transition zone could continue to function at both aspects of filtering and drainage.


Past models of current-mode control have sufferered from either insufficient accuracy to properly predict the effects of current-mode control, or from analytical complexity that renders them inaccessible to the power supply designer. This paper combines the accuracy of sampled-data modeling with the simplicity of conventional pole-zero representation. As a result, it offers a current-mode control model which is accurate to half the switching frequency, and practical for everyday use. All of the small-signal characteristics of current-mode control are predicted, including low-frequency effects, and high-frequency subharmonic oscillation which can occur even at duty cycles of less than 0.5. In addition to the conventional dominant pole response of other current-mode models, a pair of poles is produced at half the switching frequency, the Q of which determines the amount of subharmonic oscillation.


Abstract Using clinical materials from experimentally infected poultry, we established an effective method for the preparation of viral RNA directly from tissue samples and eggs. Furthermore, our type A–specific matrix reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was improved, and an H7 subtype–specific nested RT-PCR, which includes the hemagglutinin cleavage site, was designed. Both RT-PCR systems proved to be as sensitive as virus isolation. In addition, the labeled H7 HA-nested PCR primers were suitable for sequencing of the PCR products. The RT-PCR amplification of viral RNA and sequencing of the PCR product allows for the sensitive and rapid differentiation between low-pathogenic and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.


Abstract: This research based on the students' math achievement on grade VIIIB of SMP Beer Seba Pekanbaru which under the minimum completeness criteria with percentage 32.14% for math test with linear equations systems of two variables topic and 28.57% for Pythagoras's Theorem topic. The research is classroom action research. The research aims to improve the math learning process and improve math learning result at grade VIIIB of SMP Beer Seba Pekanbaru with applying the discovery learning. The research subjects were students of class VIIIB SMP Beer Seba Pekanbaru which consists of 15 boys and 14 girls in the even semester of 2015/2016 academic years. The instruments of data collection were observation sheets and students' math achievement tests. The observation sheets were analyzed in desciptive narative and the students' math achievement tests were analyzed in statistic desciptive. The result of descriptive narative had showed an improvement of learning process prior to the action on the first cycle and from the first cycle to the second cycle. The result of statistic descriptive had showed an increasing number of students' math achievement from the basic score to the first math test with percentage 22.78% and from the first math test to the second math test with percentage 3.58%. So, the result of this research showed that the implementation of discovery learning can improve the learning process and improve the students' math achievement for grade VIIIB SMP Beer Seba Pekanbaru in the even semester of 2015/2016 academic years. Key Word : Students' Math Achievement, Discovery Learning, Clasroom Action Research


This thesis examines two predictions of general relativity: weak lensing and gravitational waves. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is gravitationally lensed by the large-scale structure between the observer and the last-scattering surface. This weak lensing induces non-Gaussian correlations that can be used to construct estimators for the deflection field. The error and bias of these estimators are derived and used to analyze the viability of lensing reconstruction for future CMB experiments.

Weak lensing also affects the one-point probability distribution function of the CMB. The skewness and kurtosis induced by lensing and the Sunayev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect are calculated as functions of the angular smoothing scale of the map. While these functions offer the advantage of easy computability, only the skewness from lensing-SZ correlations can potentially be detected, even in the limit of the largest amplitude fluctuations allowed by observation.

Lensing estimators are also essential to constrain inflation, the favored explanation for large-scale isotropy and the origin of primordial perturbations. B-mode polarization is considered to be a "smoking-gun" signature of inflation, and lensing estimators can be used to recover primordial B-modes from lensing-induced contamination. The ability of future CMB experiments to constrain inflation is assessed as functions of survey size and instrumental sensitivity.

A final application of lensing estimators is to constrain a possible cutoff in primordial density perturbations on near-horizon scales. The paucity of independent modes on such scales limits the statistical certainty of such a constraint. Measurements of the deflection field can be used to constrain at the 3-sigma level the existence of a cutoff large enough to account for current CMB observations.

A final chapter of this thesis considers an independent topic: the gravitational-wave (GW) signature of a binary inspiral into a horizonless object. If the supermassive objects at galactic centers lack the horizons of traditional black holes, inspiraling objects could emit GWs after passing within their surfaces. The GWs produced by such an inspiral are calculated, revealing distinctive features potentially observable by future GW observatories.


With the rapid developmentof society, transportation industryis also facing unprecedented challenges, if big data is used in this area, the advantage is obvious, it can resolve the questions of traditional traffic management system, in this article we propose an architecture of intelligent transportation system on big data platform, then we disuse the key technology in ITS:calculation of bayonet traffic flow, calculation of average speed of a road, querying the travel path of a vehicle, checking and controlling the fake vehicles.


There are few techniques for the reduction of interference terms. The most important between them is the reallocation technique. Other methods are based on the decomposition in frames of the signals to be processed. These frames represent discrete variants of some corresponding linear time-frequency representations. The aim of this paper is to propose a new method for the Wigner-Ville time-frequency representation's interference term reduction. This method is based on the conjoint use of the Gabor and Wigner-Ville time-frequency representations of the same signal. Simulations prove the performances of the new method.


Synthesis of compounds characterization of the compounds compellation equilibrium separation methods - review solvent extraction separations chromatographic separations membrane transport phenomena spectroscopic methods fluorescence techniques electroanalytical (poloarography) methods ion selective electrodes analytical applications toxicity of the compounds - preventions.


ABSTRACT The current/voltage characteristics of some pristine and ion-irradiated organometal/Si bilayer structures that had been prepared about a decade ago were re-measured. The electronic results of these aged samples revealed the emergence of pronounced negative differential resistances with pronounced frequency and fluence dependence. Whereas for the as-prepared samples negative differential resistances had shown up only for the as-irradiated specimen but not for the pristine samples, this picture inverted after decade-long aging: Now, only the pristine samples exhibited electronic activity whereas the irradiated ones turned from rectifying to near-Ohmic with increasing SHI fluence. A tentative explanation for these findings is given.


Light, sweet Kutubu crude from near Lake Kutubu in Papua New Guinea has been assayed. Production of the 44[degree]-gravity, 0.04-wt% sulfur crude-Papua New Guinea's first commercial oil-began in June 1992. Most of the early production will likely be sold to refineries in Sydney and Brisbane. Production of Kutubu is expected to reach 100,000 b/d, and possibly 140,000 b/d. The paper lists the properties of the whole crude and the following boiling point ranges (C): 21--70; 70--140; 140--190; 140--230; 190--230; 230--360; 360--540; 360+; and 540+.


Open distributed systems are often subject to dynamic change of hardware or software components, for example, in response to changing requirements, hardware faults, software failures, or the need to upgrade some component. In other words, open systems are reconngurable and extensible: they may allow components to be dynamically replaced or be connected with new components while they are still executing. The Actor theory we describe in this paper abstracts some fundamental aspects of open systems. Actors provide a natural generalization for objects { encapsulating both data and procedures. However, actors diier from sequential objects in that they are also units of concurrency: each actor executes asynchronously and its operation may overlap with other actors. This uniication of data abstraction and concurrency is in contrast to language models, such as Java, where an explicit and independent notion of thread is used to provide concurrency. By integrating objects and concurrency, actors free the programmer from having to write explicit synchronization code to prevent harmful concurrent access to data within an object. There are several fundamental diierences between actors and other formal models of concurrency. First, an actor has a unique and persistent identity, although its behavior may change over time. Second, communication between actors is asynchronous and fair (messages sent are eventually received). Third, an actor's name may be freely given out { without, for example, enabling other actors to adopt the same name. Finally, new actors may be created with their own unique and persistent names. These characteristics provide reasonable abstraction for open distributed systems. In fact, actors provide a realistic model for a number of practical implementations , including those of software agents AJ99]. The outline of the paper is as follows. The next section relates actors to other models of concurrency. Section 3 presents an introduction to actors. Section 4 presents the syntax and semantics of a simple actor language. Section 5 completes the discussion of the language semantics, along with a brief description of a notion of equivalence. Section 6 describes an example which shows how actor theory can be used to reason about open systems. The nal section outlines current research directions and provides some perspective. The treatment in this paper is of necessity rather high-level. Interested readers should refer to the citations for technical details of the work as well as secondary references to the literature. A number of formal models have been proposed to formalize …


The Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) is the next step in manufacturing, allowing the production of any quantity of highly customised and complex parts together with the benefits of mass production. In RMSs, parts are grouped into families, each of which requires a specific system configuration. Initially system is configured to produce the first family of parts. Once it is finished, the system is reconfigured in order to produce the second family, and so forth. The effectiveness of a RMS depends on the formation of the optimum set of part families addressing various reconfigurability issues. The aim of this work is to establish a methodology for grouping parts into families for effective working of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMSs). The methodology carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the correlation matrix is used as similarity coefficient matrix. In the second phase, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors on the correlation similarity matrix. A scatter plot analysis as a cluster analysis is applied to make parts groups while maximizing correlation between parts. In the third phase, Agglomerative Hierarchical K-means algorithm improved the parts family formation using Euclidean distance resulting in an optimum set of part families for reconfigurable manufacturing system.


As an important artistic form,music has the indispensable function.Because of difference in the sex and the division of labor,the promotion of feminine music accomplishments has the unique significance.It is not only helpful to construction of the feminine esthetic psychology,but also helpful to edification of the feminine disposition sentiment,to realize molding of its human nature,at the same time,it is also helpful in training the feminine moral quality,helping the feminine to blend into society well.


The absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of nickel atoms isolated in argon, krypton and xenon matrices have been measured. Comparison of these spectra with gas-phase data and with the results of calculations shows that the ground state of the nickel atom in these matrices is 3d94s1 : 3D3, and not 3d84s2 : 3F4 as it is in the gas phase.The spectra in the three matrices are correlated and, as far as possible, assigned. It is shown that some bands previously attributed to atoms are more probably due to small nickel molecules.


The present analysis reveals that nearly three-fifth of the women covered in the study had experienced unintended pregnancy. Age education awareness about timing of safe abortion inter-spousal communication on reproductive matters besides perceived gender role of the women are a few variables that have shown to be important determinants of unintended pregnancy. However highly educated women women belonging to households of high SLI and those having higher equitable gender role indicating the strong patriarchal social structure and hence forced adherence of women to such practices. Through the process of socialization women are perceived as an ideal if they have a child soon after marriage and is a woman in the true sense or a real woman. Many of them were found to have poor knowledge of reproductive matters besides low decisionmaking power in the household often leading to low negotiating powers on issues that involve their health and thus are vulnerable to unintended pregnancy. Qualitative analysis further substantiated that women succumb to traditionally expected gender roles often resulting in early conception soon after marriage as a result of domestic violence marital discord tension to natal family economic dependency besides avoidance of social criticism of being barren. The experience of unintended pregnancy undermines the health of young women and certainly is a barrier to socioeconomic development of the family as well a society. As these ways of thinking are strongly associated with the sociocultural norms of the society there is a need to sensitise people about its impact on reproductive health in general and of young women in particular. It can further be suggested that information education and communication (lEC) on gender equity programmes such as formation of self-help-groups (SHG) to enhance the economic status of the young women besides special youth centered programmes involving the youth as well as the community can help to better sexual and reproductive health of young women. (excerpt)


During the process of research about watermark algorithm for remote sensing image,more attentions have been paid to those kinds of attacking on image such as geometric transformations,compression,noise,etc. On the other hand,the investigation on watermarking algorithms for anti-attacking brightness adjustment is still rare. Adjusting the brightness will not affect the spatial characteristics of remote sensing image,but will destroy the synchronism of watermarking information embedded in remote sensing image,and result in the detection failure of watermarking. Therefore,it brings new challenges to the watermarking algorithms of remote sensing images. In this paper,an improved watermark detecting algorithm is proposed with the requirements of protection for remote sensing images. Firstly,the linear characteristics of brightness adjustment are described. Then the principles of changing in two parameters of mapping mechanism based algorithm with brightness adjustment are analyzed. In consequence,the watermark detecting algorithm based on linear characteristics of parameters and mapping mechanism is deduced. Finally,the experiments are given to verify the performance of the improved watermark detecting algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can anti-attack the common attacking on images,and offer good robustness for attacking from brightness adjustment.


from its not discussing the new U.S.-Soviet Agreement on the Prevention of Dangerous Military Activities (signed in June 1989, presumably after the book went to press), which addresses a number of Sagan's concerns. Sagan does note the potential of what he terms "operational arms control"; but since many of his examples of dangerous incidents date from the 1950s and 1960s, he might have summarized intervening U.S.-Soviet agreements in this area, especially the 1971 Accidents Agreement and the 1972 Incidents at Sea Agreement, with its annual consultations thereafter. The general approach of the book could be criticized for its emphasis on marginal changes to policy and for what it does not attempt. The book has no examination of the bases of deterrence or of basic principles of stability; it does not address force structure issues or their relation to deterrence; like most other works in the strategic policy field, it retains an essentially bipolar perspective; and it does not consider moral or philosophical issues. It does not, in summary, consider challenges to, rather than improvements on, the existing strategic policy structure. Such an effort seems needed in the extraordinary world setting at the end of 1989, though it will also be essential to consider the strategic requirements that will remain and the new ones that will arise. Perhaps Sagan's next work will take this on.


A 70-year-old female presented with erythematous nodular skin lesions over her right middle finger that are progressively painful (Figure 1). Five months earlier, she sustained a scalding injury to the same finger. She is a housewife, has no pets at home and reports no exposure to gardening activities. Plain radiographs of the right hand were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right middle finger shows mildly enhancing soft tissue masses in close relation with the flexor tendon sheath, at the mid proximal phalanx, as well as the distal half of the third metacarpal (Figure 1). An excision biopsy of the mass was performed with histology showing necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Aerobic culture yielded a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) within a week. This was later identified as Mycobacterium abscessus. She was treated with surgical debridement, together with 4 months of combination clarithromycin and clofazimine, with satisfactory clinical response. NTM are a group of ubiquitous, environmental acid fast microorganisms with a propensity to cause infections at various


Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized mainly by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in β-cell function and/or insulin resistance. Treatment approaches include diet, exercise, and pharmacological agents these however can produce adverse effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone that controls glycaemia and preserves β-cell mass and function. Currently dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-IV) inhibitors are a new class of anti-diabetics for the treatment of T2DM, prolonging GLP-1 action on insulin release.


For many years, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death in many countries. The article proposes an approach to the building of a neural network for the classification of heartbeat audio recordings in order to identify pathologies


Abstract : An examination of the environmental damage that occurred during the Persian Gulf War provides a legal framework to conclude that the existing international legal order clearly proscribes environmental damage that is not justified by military necessity during armed conflict. It is equally clear, however, that there is no institutionalized mechanism at the international level to strengthen deterrence by facilitating individual and State accountability for even the most flagrant violations of the law. This thesis proposes two things: a system to strengthen the ability of the international community to take action, and a stronger role for the United States until the world community develops a more effective system of redress.


We examine the V_{CMB} velocities and Tully-Fisher distances of 83 ScI galaxies and find that their velocities contain the same discrete velocity components identified previously by Tifft. After removing the discrete velocity components, the scatter remaining on the Hubble plot is in good agreement with the Tully-Fisher distance uncertainties. Although there is, as yet, no physical explanation for these discrete components, the fact that they appear to be identical to those found previously by Tifft suggests that their reality needs to be taken seriously.


Management Control is traditionally defined as an internal process, internally managed, for internal purposes. However, this process is evolving toward three external, distinct, but complementary, perspectives. The first one is the information perspective: integrating internal and external data, i.e. combining internal with external measurements, for strategic control purposes. The other perspectives are related to the new management control external issues. The second perspective deals with: monitoring relationships, integrating objectives and measuring shared value for the network. The third perspective refers to managing external reporting, together with external roles and responsibilities, for an extended model of governance.


We first show that, under a Cournot duopoly, a financial-constraint entrant has excess liquidity for a barrier to a "long-purse" incumbent's predation. The excess liquidity does not however matters to the equilibrium output levels, if loan charges no interest. Otherwise, the loan for the excess liquidity shrinks the entrant's output levels and expands the incumbent's. In addition, if we assume fixed cost, there may be equilibria where the entrant with little endowment further reduces his output because of the threat of liquidation (adverse "limited-liability effect").


In the last 40 years, the international community has made considerable progress towards the regulation of inhumane conventional weapons (ICWs) by adopting treaties that regulate or ban these weapons. However, many states have still not joined these treaties or have joined them with a considerable delay. These ratification decisions cannot be satisfactorily explained by the existing literature on the origin of ICW treaties, which stress the role of global socialization processes. This article offers a theoretical argument that explains state decisions on the ratification of ICW treaties. It argues that while democracies and countries located in regions with high ratification rates are prone to ratify ICW treaties, an insecure external environment impedes or delays ratification. The argument also claims that security costs resulting from the characteristics of the individual treaties can modify the effects of these explanatory factors. To provide an empirical test for the argument, the article conducts a survival analysis that covers the ratification processes of the three existing ICW treaties.


In our university,the training for geriatric postgraduates of clinical medicine is now in the initial stage.Therefore,it is important to explore the training model to improve the quality of postgraduate.The program focused on cultivating geriatric postgraduates' ability of diagnosis and treatment,helping them have the concept of integral service and enhancing their teaching and thinking ability of clinical sciences to provide high-level comprehensive geriatric doctors for the society.

Key words:
Clinical training;  Geriatrics;  Postgraduate of clinical medicine


The elaboration of a theoretical model describing the paramagnetic properties of liquid Heg throughout the region of existence of this phase is presented. The model is based on a molecular field theoretical type of approach. The ratios of the actual paramagnetic susceptibility of liquid He/sup 3/ to the one it would have if it were an ideal paramagnet are predicted to be representable through a unique function depending on the reduced temperature variable. The latter contains the characteristic temperature of the nuclear spin system, which, at the present time, is only available empirically through the susceptibility ratio data. In the susceptibility ratio-reduced temperature representation all susceptibility ratios of liquid He/sup 3/ fall on a single curve. This theoretical ratio curve describes very closely the experimental ratios up to values of the reduced temperature of 0.90 --1.0. Beyond this range the experimental susceptibility ratios become systematically larger than the calculated ratios, the differences between them being small. Quantitative arguments are advanced that appear to explaln satisfactorily these discrepancies and to indicate that the theory should be valid throughout the whole range of the natural reduced temperature variable. The spin entropyspin susceptibility relation, established and used previously, yields, with the theoretical paramagnetismmore » model, rigorous lower limits of the entropy, heat capacity, and expansion coefficient of the liquid throughout the region of existence of this phase. With the recent extension of the melting pressure data to quite low temperatures, the rigorous spin entropy of the liquid along the melting line allows one to estimate the entropy of the solid along the melting line and at low temperatures. Here the solid entropy turns out to be less than R In2, per mole, yielding the temperature of its heat capacity anomaly to be below one hundredth of a degree Kelvin. The discussion of the liquid He/sup 3/-solid He/sup 3/ equilibrium, on the basis of these results, seems to render questionable any analysis of the thermal properties of the solid that ignores the existence of its nuclear spin system even at medium temperatures. A semiquantitative description of the entropy-pressure diagram of He/sup 3/ discloses various singular characteristics of the liquid entropy along the melting line in its pressure dependence, as well as the peculiar features of the solid entropy at and around the melting pressure anomaly. (auth)« less


ABSTRACT Successful teaching is the provision of a learning experience that is accessible to all students regardless of their individually favored learning preferences or styles. Learning styles are concerned with a number of heterogeneous issues involving cognition, conceptualization, affect and behavior. They are also related to the way the learner's brain operates. This paper presents the application of McCarthy's 4MAT model which enables the educator to design a lecture in a bal-Alexandros Paraskevas is Senior Lecturer in Operations Management, Department of Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism Management Business School, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (E-mail: email@example.com). anced manner giving the students the opportunity to learn in their preferable way, stimulating both their brain hemispheres, helping them acquire the ability to strengthen weaker areas of their learning process and adapt to other learning styles. Two practical teaching applications in two different universities are presented. Implications of this approach to teaching in hospitality and tourism and suggestions for further research are provided.


The increase of orbital debris and the consequent proliferation of smaller objects through fragmentation are driving the need for mitigation strategies. The issue is how to deorbit the satellite with an efficient system that does not impair drastically the propellant budget of the satellite and, consequently, reduces its operating life. We have been investigating, in the framework of a European-Community-funded project, a passive system that makes use of an electrodynamics tether to deorbit a satellite through Lorentz forces. The deorbiting system will be carried by the satellite itself at launch and deployed from the satellite at the end of its life. From that moment onward the system operates passively without requiring any intervention from the satellite itself. The paper summarizes the results of the analysis carried out to show the deorbiting performance of the system starting from different orbital altitudes and inclinations for a reference satellite mass. Results can be easily scaled to other satellite masses. The results have been obtained by using a high-fidelity computer model that uses the latest environmental routines for magnetic field, ionospheric density, atmospheric density and a gravity field model. The tether dynamics is modelled by considering all the main aspects of a real system as the tether flexibility and its temperature-dependent electrical conductivity. Temperature variations are computed by including all the major external and internal input fluxes and the thermal flux emitted from the tether. The results shows that a relatively compact and light system can carry out the complete deorbit of a relatively large satellite in a time ranging from a month to less than a year starting from high LEO with the best performance occurring at low orbital inclinations.