Analysis and research carried out quadratic transformations of applied geometry shows that quadratic transformations of the plane have been studied sufficiently and have found wide application in science and technology. However, little attention has been paid to the study and application of four to four-digit correspondences to the plane. Therefore, the article is devoted to the development of the theory of four-four-digit correspondences between non-aligned planes and the development of the theory of biquadratic plane transformations. As a result of the consistent implementation of the proposed constructive device, each point A plane П1 is converted to four points A1/, A2/ and A3/, A4/ plane of П1/. Given the two parametric set of points of the combined plane П1/=П1 we obtain a biquadratic transformation of the plane, denoted by the letter L. In a similar way, it can be shown that in the opposite direction each point A/ of the plane П1/ is transformed into four points of the plane П1. This transformation is denoted by the letter L/. Also this article is devoted to determining of the area existence in the development of the theory of biquadratic transformation plane, improvement of methods of geometric design of curves and curved surfaces in construction design. To achieve this purpose it's requiring to solve the following theoretical and practical problems: definition and development of graphic model of biquadratic transformations of the plane, determination of the existence area of the transformation. The results can be widely used in design and research institutes by designing and construction of surfaces of technical forms, also new dome shells and other surfaces in architectural design.


The paper aims at briefly reviewing the advantages of arbitration in relation to classical, public justice, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of specialized arbitration (in insurance) compared to the general arbitration. Alternative dispute resolution has been received in recent decades as a necessary measure not only to relieve the courts of a significant part of the potential cases, but mainly because of the confidential and rapid nature of the procedures adopted. Technological changes brought with them new ways of communicating, and conflicts can now arise not only from lack of communication, but also from the inappropriate communication of information or because of too much information that leads to the loss of the essential data. Exiting the pre-defined formats of the participants on the insurance market must also lead to the adaptation of methods of alternative dispute resolutions, and specialized arbitration is one of the most important ways to choose.


An averaged small signal model is presented which predicts some of the previously reported phenomena and offers new insights with analytical expressions useful for design. Detailed analysis is given for the buck converter topology with the boost and buck-boost results also provided. The modulator gain, for a first order approximation, is shown to be constant as in voltage mode control. Guidelines are presented to optimize the design of the current loop and control-to-output transfer functions are given which are necessary to compensate the voltage loop. Experimental data is provided, in the case of the buck converter, to develop and verify the model.


In order to realize the employment ambitions of graduates we can work with students to facilitate the construction of their identity as members of a global engineering profession. Of particular interest is whether (and, if so, how) students reconstruct their identity through the delivery of modules specifically designed to increase students' employability attributes and widen their horizons. In preparing students for life beyond university, a new module has been developed, Professional Identity through Portfolio Development, designed for final year creative computing students to support the transition from university to employment. Findings suggest that while only 61% of students strongly identified themselves with their chosen profession before undertaking the module, this increased to 73% of participants at the end of the module. The module, in its examination of identity and next steps, appears to have also impacted on the strength of student identity with 65% expressing a strong student identity before the course, increasing to 88% after the course. This paper explores the findings of the research and considers the possibility of generalisability.


Weak contrast modulations with a long period of about 15 nm along [010] are observed in high-resolution lattice images of a Bi1.8Sr1.5Ca1.5Cu2.2Ox superconductor. Contrast modulations with short periods, 4.5bo/2 (1.2 nm) and 5bo/2 (1.3 nm), along [010] are reproduced with a multislice computer simulation. Those contrast modulations as well as the intensities of incommensurate superlattice reflections are interpreted by a long period superlattice structure model consisting of alternative alignments of domains with the periods of 4.5bo and 5bo along [010].


In recent years, dramatically rising multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) and side effects of antibiotics lead ethnopharmacology to discover novel antimicrobials derived from plants for bacterial infections. Traditionally, decoction or infusion of the species of Sideritis has been used for the treatment of diseases such as cough, stomach, gastrointestinal, and kidney disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Sideritis trojana (S.trojana) and its synergistic potential with antibiotics against human pathogens. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Folin- Ciocalteu, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), disc diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were used for identifying phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of S.trojana alone and binary combination with selected antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effects of the extract with classical antibiotics were evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone diameter (IZD). The S.trojana extract showed moderate antibacterial activity with the MIC ranging between 15.625 to 500 µg/mL against human pathogens and the synergistic effect was detected in a dual combination of extract and antibiotics. The extract exhibited high antioxidant activity with a low IC50 value (0.138±0.010 mg/mL). The TPC value was 47.95±0.24 (mg GAE/g extract). After measurements of cytotoxicity were performed, S.trojana can be used alone or combined with antibiotics as an alternative therapy to eliminate pathogens and can be preferred as an antioxidant agent in the pharmaceutical industry.


The widest possible cooperation between countries is needed to tackle climate change and its adverse effects. That is why, in December 2015, 193 countries, actors of civil society, and others met in Paris at the COP21. At this meeting 23 years of negotiations culminated in reaching an unprecedented agreement: the Paris Agreement (PA) on Climate Change. The result has been to obtain from most of the states their intentions regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, called 'Intended Nationally Determined Contributions' (INDCs), in order to maintain the global average temperature below 2 C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 C. These INDCs were developed with a bottom-up sectoral approach that was aggregated at the national level. On November 4th, 2016, 30 days after its ratification by more than 55 countries, responsible for more than 55% of worldwide GHG emissions, the PA entered into force, and the INDCs became commitments: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Under the PA all countries will provide emissions data and track progress against their contributions. Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems will be a significant component in effectively tracking and improving the implementation of mitigation goals and policies articulated under countries' NDCs (CDKN Global 2016). If the NDCs represent our commitments to reduce our GHG emissions, the MRV system is the mechanism for managing (in terms of planning, monitoring and evaluation) the system as a whole, and for building trust among countries that what has been committed to is in fact being implemented in a transparent manner. Transparency in the PA or MRV system will build confidence and trust among parties to implement and achieve their NDCs. Due to the limited capacity of developing countries to respond to climate change and to adapt to its adverse effects, developed countries will support (in the form of finance, technology transfer and capacity building) the developing countries in the realization of their NDCs. It was at this level that the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capacities (CBDR-RC) played a major role in the PA. This principle implies that the adoption and implementation of states' different commitments have to take into consideration their historical contributions to GHG emissions, their various circumstances and capacities, and their specific development needs (see Honkonen 2009). Least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS) emit less GHG and are most affected in terms of economic growth losses and negative impacts on their populations. Moreover, these countries have limited financial, technological and local resources with which to realize their NDCs, which are often in competition to cope with the extreme climate effects on their populations. US $100 billion per year from 2020 onward (the PA calls for scaling up the $100 billion pledge which was first committed to in 2009 at COP15 in Copenhagen) is the international community's commitment to provide to LDCs and SIDS for the realization of their NDCs in order to reduce their GHG emissions and adapt to the devastating effects of climate change in the context of sustainable development. Even though all parties to the United Nations Framework for Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) are required to have a measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system, it is of a special character within the framework of the PA. Developing countries should have an MRV system that allows them to plan their financing needs,


A MEMS omnidirectional inertial switch was designed and fabricated based on non-silicon surface micromachining technology. The switch consists of mass-spring system, flexible radial electrodes and axial electrode. It has omnidirectional sensitivities in a half sphere. The modal analysis of the switch was performed. The system stiffness of the mass-spring system and the response displacement of the mass in all directions under the applied shock acceleration of 450g was obtained by using the FE method, as a result, the switch has good omnidirectional performance and small distributed threshold acceleration. The fabricated switches were tested by a shock test device. The results show that the threshold acceleration of the switches is within the range of 270g to 450g. As an acceleration exceeding the threshold value acting along the X-axis or Z-axis, the switch can be reliably closed and have a long contact time.© 2014 ASME


Assessment of student performance on capstone projects raises a number of issues, which are well addressed in the excellent book by Fincher and colleagues [1]. Yet some issues still remain to be discussed. The artifacts frequently selected for project assessment tend to place a primary emphasis on result of the project work, the outcome or the " product ". Of course in a professional context that is the key factor, namely that the project delivers it's intended outcome in terms of a working system for instance. Yet how good is that delivered 'working system', and for how long will it remain so, are further hidden 'product' criteria? It is all too easy for software professionals under pressure of deadlines to cut corners on design or code quality. So the system supposedly delivered on time and on budget will actually balloon out in cost over its full lifetime of use, as maintenance proves costly and risky simply to introduce the most readily foreseeable of changes – but then that becomes someone else's problem of course as the development team has long moved on… Given the difficulty of specifying not only functional requirements but maintainability criteria and standards for software designs that support system longevity, it is natural that the software engineering discipline should turn to " process " to help manage development and ensure some degree of quality and consistency. Yet this reliance on process has not proven to be the Holy Grail either. The doctoral thesis by Alistair Cockburn [2] cogently explains some of the reasons for this failure. The methodologists' prescriptions are too generic, too complicated to understand, too cumbersome to apply and not situated in the context of the project team. In response the agile movement have placed primary emphasis on " practices " through which the marrying of skill and discipline enable creativity and innovation to flourish in the development process, while maintaining dialogue with the " customer " and regularly delivering high quality working software. Yet these " practices " in themselves require a degree of professional skill in their application. A colleague who was the Director of Risk Management for a major consultancy firm confided to me not long ago that he loved " agile " projects as they gave him the majority of his business in mopping up " train wrecks'. Regardless of the efficacy of agile, the question in a study context is: …


Study of pressure distribution around buildings of different shapes based on the flow of air past various sharp-edged bluff bodies in a wind tunnel proves to be very important and useful in modern township planning, in the fields of Building Aerodynamics and other related areas. The buildings can easily be considered as sharp-edged bluff bodies of similar geometrical shapes and the pressure variation for flow past these objects can be determined experimentally in a low turbulence subsonic wind tunnel. This paper concentrates on the variation of pressure distributions past cubic and rectangular bluff bodies having various degrees of immersion within the boundary layer. A comparison between two-dimensional flow past rectangular body and three-dimensional flow past cubic body is included also. When an obstruction like a square cylinder is placed vertically in front of the cubic and rectangular bodies, a distinct change in pressure drop across them is observed as the obstruction is moved away from them. Experiments are carried out for a wide range of Reynolds numbers of wind flow within the test section of Jadavpur University subsonic low-turbulence closed circuit wind tunnel.


The present invention relates to a lithium-containing clay mineral for large low grade northern regions, he proposed the "modified firing - heap leaching" of the new technology to solve the problems of the region using the lithium-containing low-grade clay. The new process avoids the traditional long process of extracting lithium present process, high cost of production. Li made the leaching rate of 91% of good results.


Early and accurate reporting of crop condition is desired for its importance and sensitivity to commodity exchange markets and other related sectors. Traditional approach to create the weekly report on crop condition relies on the survey of selected farmers. The results are subjective and inconsistent throughout the crop growing season. Selected remote sensing approaches have been implemented and evaluated against the same dataset. The most challenge for operatically using remotely sensed approach to assess crop condition is the difficult in constructing a high temporal resolution time series of consistent vegetation indices due to cloud contamination or atmospheric effect. In this study, an operational approach was developed to estimate the crop condition using a series of smoothed Normalized Vegetation Indices. Five categories of smoothing algorithms were implemented and compared. They are high order polynomial fitting, "4253H, Twice", cubic B-Spline, Savitzky-Golay filtering, and double sigmoid kernel fitting. Surveyed data were used to evaluate the results of 48 experiments. The results showed that Savitzky-Golay filtering has a good performance on crop condition assessment. Smoothing improved accuracy of crop condition assessment.


Severe thunderstorms are a manifestation of deep convection. Conditional instability is known to be the mechanism by which thunderstorms are formed. The energy that drives conditional instability is convective available potential energy (CAPE), which is computed with radio sonde data at each pressure level. The purpose of the present paper is to identify the pattern or shape of CAPE required for the genesis of severe thunderstorms over Kolkata (22°32′N, 88°20′E) confined within the northeastern part (20°N to 24°N latitude, 85°E to 93°E longitude) of India. The method of chaotic graph theory is adopted for this purpose. Chaotic graphs of pressure levels and CAPE are formed for thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. Ranks of the adjacency matrices constituted with the union of chaotic graphs of pressure levels and CAPE are computed for thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. The results reveal that the rank of the adjacency matrix is maximum for non-thunderstorm days and a column with all zeros occurs very quickly on severe thunderstorms days. This indicates that CAPE loses connectivity with pressure levels very early on severe thunderstorm days, showing that for the genesis of severe thunderstorms over Kolkata short, and therefore broad, CAPE is preferred.


In this paper, we study theoretically the propagation of waves in locally periodic systems. To this end, we employ a simple method based on the impedance function which is similar to the one used in the transmission line theory. Results are presented for the particular cases of mass-loaded strings arrangements. These systems are easily reproducible in laboratory of introductory and/or advanced courses of physics, and contain all the main characteristics of locally periodic media. Transmission coefficient and normal frequencies are calculated for both mono and diatomic chains, and compared with previously computed and experimental data. Moreover, we show that the corresponding eigenfunctions can be obtained easily from the knowledge of the impedance function.


This paper presents a new screening test for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea (OSAH) Syndrome based on a PDA platform capable of recording the patient's electrocardiogram during his/her nightly rest. OSAH patients present alterations in certain bands of the heart rate variability power spectrum. The more serious the disorder afflicting the patient it is, the greater these alterations are. An algorithm running on the PDA identifies the heart beats, and it calculates the RR intervals time series. Then the algorithm calculates an index that quantifies the magnitude of the heart rate variability power spectrum alterations, and therefore the severity of the patient's condition. The reliability of this index has been validated using the Apnea-ECG Database. After the first night of use of the device at the patient's home, the PDA communicates the test results to the hospital via the Internet using a WiFi connection, or through GPRS/UMTS. In the hospital, the physicians can decide whether the results are conclusive, or whether it is preferable to repeat the test. Sometimes it may be necessary to repeat the test just because one of the sensors of the electrocardiograph was disconnected during the night. This decision is communicated through the PDA to the patient, who then knows whether he/she should return the device, or if he/she should use it again the following night. The end result is a cheap and reliable OSAH screening test that neither involves a long waiting list nor requires an overnight stay in the hospital for a polysomnographic test.


Objective This cross sectional study was conductedto determine the rate of skeletal growth at distal radial and the relation to age,puberty and linear growth in school children aged 9~20 years old. Methods The bone masses of the 161 healthy 9~20 year old children and adolescents were assessed by single photon absorptiometer(SPA). Results Positive correlation between bone mass andage was observed in school children.The values of bone mass in boy group were increasing substantially between 9~20yr,whereas a dramatic reduction of the values in girls was observed after 16yr of age.The puberty was important for bone mass growth.During postpubescence,bone mass amounts to more than 80% of the mean values in adults.There was no significant effect of weight on radial bone mass,whereas the linear growth was positively related to bone mass in the SMR 1 and SMR 2 stages. Conclusions During puberty,major difference was observed in bone mass growth between boys and girls.Bone mass accumulated during adolescence accounts for 26%~39% of that recorded as PBM in adults.This suggeststhat it is important to begin primary osteoporosis prevention during childhood and adolescence.


What's it all about? Big ideas and creative teaching Student case studies in partnership schools Planning teaching and assessing learning Focus on flight Life and sustainability How can we see? Light and colour Science and technology in everyday life Energy and movement What if a chair was made of chocalate? Exploring materials and particles What is grass made of? Early ideas about cells Learning outside the classroom Theories of learning In conclusion.


Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we find the formation of a heap in a system of granular particles contained in a box with oscillating bottom and sidewalls. The simulation includes the effect of static friction, which is found to be crucial in maintaining a stable heap. We also find another mechanism for heap formation in systems under constant vertical shear. In both systems, heaps are formed due to a net downward shear by the sidewalls. We discuss the origin of net downward shear for the vibration-induced heap.


Cite as: Vdovychenko, N. (2019). The representation of human trafficking in documentaries: Vulnerable victims and shadowy villains. In: Van Reisen, M., Mawere, M., Stokmans, M., & GebreEgziabher, K. A. (eds), Mobile Africa: Human Trafficking and the Digital Divide. Bamenda, Cameroon: Langaa Research & Publishing CIG, pp. 497–525. Book URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336956190_Mobile_Afri ca_Human_Trafficking_and_the_Digital_Divide


In combinatorial games, few results are known about the overall structure of multi-player games. We prove that given any finite set S of multi-player games, the set of games all of whose immediate options belong to S forms a completely distributive lattice with respect to every partial order relation ≤C, where C is an arbitrary coalition of players.


Abstract The economic theory of crime tends to suggest that deterrence variables have a significant impact on crime rates in a society. From an economic perspective, criminals are rational economic agents who weigh the likelihood of being arrested and apprehended before committing a crime. An increase in the likelihood of arrest and apprehension should deter criminals as it increases the expected costs of committing crimes. This paper revisits the behavioral links between deterrence variables and crime rates in the Indian context. Empirically, we draw on state level data for India in 2001–2014 and employ the system GMM estimator technique to support our claims. The study reports that deterrence factors (probability of arrest and apprehension) have a perverse impact on India's crime rates. The paper reveals that an increase in the probability of deterrence variables does not lead to a reduction in crime rates, indicating a fundamental flaw in India's corrective mechanisms. The research recommends penal system reform in order to accurately reconfigure the behavioral links between deterrence variables and crime rates.


Urban commercial vehicles, contrary to passenger cars, are characterized by their auxiliary units which can require a high percentage of the overall energy consumption. Drive train topologies of commercial vehicles can be very complex, especially when the main drive and auxiliary drive are interlinked. In this paper, a structured approach for the evaluation of electrified drive train topology concepts is presented. A multi-dimensional value-benefit analysis is introduced in order to assist in comprehending the specific strengths and weaknesses of each concept. The methodology proves to significantly reduce uncertainty during inter-disciplinary vehicle design. In a case study the methodology is applied to large street sweeping vehicles for metropolitan areas.


'target sales' according to their need for cash, and sell most abundantly during or after drought when prices are depressed. It would have been extremely interesting if Dr Samatar had been able to offer new evidence demonstrating variation (as there may very well be) in the extent to which some pastoralists operate more commercially than others. It would also have been of benefit if the author had presented systematic case histories showing how individual livestock merchants exploit the livestock trade at the expense of the pastoralist producer. Doubtless this happens, but one would like to know what actually happens in detail. Similarly it seems a little strange that there is no reference, so far as I can see, to the vital role in the Somali economy of the informal trading sector, or to labour migration to the Gulf States—the Somali 'muscle-chain' which draws so many young men out of the pastoral economy into the lucrative petrodollar world. Their remittances, which largely bypass official channels, play a crucial part in meeting consumer needs. The new, first-hand data the author does give us on 'peasant' agriculture in the northwest are very welcome. Here, interestingly, Dr Samatar found no evidence that the production of the stimulant plant Kat (Catha edulis)—banned by the Somali government in 198')—discouraged grain production. Indeed, the author's findings seem to indicate the opposite. The author also discovered that village councils, imposed by the government purportedly to 'democratise' local government, were perceived by local farmers as having only 'two functions: collecting tribute from the villagers and notifying them of new government dictates'. Similarly, agricultural co-operatives served primarily to extract 'development contributions' from the peasants. These local forms of state exploitation are vastly amplified at the national level in the fierce competition for the spoils of foreign aid that prevails amongst 'different factions of the petite bourgeoisie' who, Samatar insists, ruthlessly rule the country. We are presented with a powerful and compelling critique of the Somali regime's grotesque misappropriation of aid and tyrannical political mismanagement. But I regret that Dr Samatar does not present detailed case histories for some of the leading political and entrepreneurial figures and their linkages to back up his class analysis which, without such hard evidence, risks seeming largely rhetorical. Such illustrative material would also have permitted a more enlightening discussion of the articulation and interpenetration of class and class relations. This might have enabled Dr Samatar to show in detail how political entrepreneurs manipulate and mystify clan ties, ostensibly at the expense of class interests. In the absence of such data, the author often seems to rely on the insights of Marxist anthropologists and other social scientists working in other societies. Since one of those quoted from time to time in this fashion is Claude Meillassoux, it may perhaps not be out of place to conclude this review by recalling a direct (albeit oral) contribution of Meillassoux's to the analysis of Somali politics. This concerns a discussion Meillassoux had (in my presence) with a Marxist Somali intellectual in the early 1970s, at the height of Somalia's regime of 'Scientific Socialism'. Meillassoux was profoundly critical of this movement, complaining that the Somali authorities completely misunderstood Marx and Lenin. The discussion became rather heated, and eventually my Somali friend burst out in rage: 'Look, Meillassoux, we don't need Marx, Marx needs us.'


This chapter aims to analyze portfolio diversification in the US, Europe, UK, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and the gold market (XAU) from January 2019 to July 2020. The results indicate that the markets have very significant causalities, which may call into question efficient portfolio diversification strategies. The DFA exponent coefficients suggest that the random walk hypothesis is rejected in certain markets, which has implications for investors, since some returns can be expected, creating opportunities for arbitrage and abnormal profits. These findings also open space for market regulators to take action to ensure better information among international financial markets. In conclusion, the authors believe investors should diversify their portfolios and invest in less risky markets in order to mitigate risk and improve portfolio efficiency.


Alpha 1 -antitrypsin is the principle antitrypsin in the body and major component of alpha 1 -globulin. There is a high incidence of emphysema occurring in association with a familial deficiency of serum alpha 1 -antitrypsin. The emphysema develops at an early age and is more prone to occur in females. It has been proposed that alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency is inherited as either an autosomal recessive or codominant. Homozygotes have less than ten percent serum antitrypsin activity while heterozygotes have about 50 percent activity. As emphysema does not invariably occur in the homozygotes deficient individual, other as yet unknown factors must exist. This paper describes a young woman patient with severe pulmonary emphysema and antitrypsin deficiency which was first suspected by the absence of the alpha 1 -globulin fraction in her serum protein electrophoretic pattern. Studies of her family demonstrated other similarly afflicted members. Protein electrophoresis and immunophoresis appear to be convenient screening procedures for alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency.


The party development of the democratic parties is a very important subject.It is the only way to clarify the right opinion for the democratic party development comparing that with the Chinese communist party.


The olfactory system provides mammals with the abilities to investigate, communicate and interact with their environment. These functions are achieved through a finely organized circuit starting from the nasal cavity, passing through the olfactory bulb and ending in various cortical areas. We show that the absence of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 (Tag1)/contactin-2 (Cntn2) in mice results in a significant and selective defect in the number of the main projection neurons in the olfactory bulb, namely the mitral cells. A subpopulation of these projection neurons is reduced in Tag1-deficient mice as a result of impaired migration. We demonstrate that the detected alterations in the number of mitral cells are well correlated with diminished odor discrimination ability and social long-term memory formation. Reduced neuronal activation in the olfactory bulb and the corresponding olfactory cortex suggest that Tag1 is crucial for the olfactory circuit formation in mice. Our results underpin the significance of a numerical defect in the mitral cell layer in the processing and integration of odorant information and subsequently in animal behavior. Summary: Absence of Tag1 in mice results in fewer mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, which is associated with diminished odor discrimination ability and social long-term memory formation.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly implemented in different area of applications. It is possible that the data collected by adjacent nodes can be redundant due to large numbers of nodes in these networks, so aggregation of data should be exploited for Energy conservation in WSNs. It is very important to transmit the aggregated data to the sink node or base station effectively and reliably. Here, DRINA (Data routing for in-network aggregation) algorithm is studied. It uses data aggregation as key point and reliably route data using a fault-tolerant routing mechanism.


Abstract : In studies of noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas, it is necessary to restrain the animal in a known noise field for the duration of the exposure. In studies of continuous noise effects, a small cage in which the subject is free to move about has been used. The orientation of the subject due to the omnidirectional nature of continuous noise effects is not critical due to the omnidirectional nature of the exposure. In contrast, freefield impulse noise is a highly directional sound field by its essential nature. The need to restrain the research subject and fix its orientation relative to the source of the impulse is critical in impulse noise exposures. Only three references were found in the literature about chinchilla restraining devices. These devices were applicable more for routine clinical procedures, administering medication, detecting motion, and collecting motion, and collecting semen for reproduction studies. None were suited for auditory research. This led us to develop the chinchilla restraint system (CRSS). The function of the CRS is to maintain a chinchilla in a stable, immobile position which can be standardized for all subjects during studies of noise-induced hearing loss. The CRS accomplishes this using the chinchilla's own natural tendencies as a burrowing creature. The CRS provides an artificial burrow in which a chinchilla seems content to remain quiet for extended periods. This report details the design and use of the CRS.


The product from both the acid-catalyzed cyclodehydration of 4-methyl-4-phenyl-2-pentanone (1a) described by Hoffman (1) and by Barnes and co-worker (2) and the reaction of the saturated cyclic dimer of α-methylstyrene with aluminum chloride reported by Adams and co-workers (3) was shown to be 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane (IXa) by Curtis (4). A mechanism is postulated to explain the formation of the 1,1′-spirobiindane system. The reactions of several polyalkylindenes with α-methylstyrene and triphenylcarbinol were investigated. Several new polyalkyl-1,1′-spirobiindanes and a new polyalkylindene[1,2-a]indene were produced. Two of the 1,1′-spirobiindanes investigated were synthesized by unequivocal methods.


Astronautics Corporation uses SINDA '85/FLUINT to model designs for efficient magnetic refrigeration devices. The proposed designs are compared for relative efficiency, and the best concept is selected. SINDA is later used to develop a more complex model for predicting temperature distribution in the refrigeration.


Summary form only given. Francium, the heaviest alkali, has no stable isotopes and has eluded extensive study because sufficient quantities have not been available for detailed investigations. The strong phase space confinement makes the magneto-optic trap a very good tool for spectroscopic studies that can lead to measurements of atomic parity violations in francium. We have succeeded in injecting into a magneto-optical trap /sup 210/Fr atoms.


Mobilization‐Observation‐Behavior‐Intensity‐Dementia‐2 (MOBID‐2) pain scale is a staff‐administered pain tool for patients with dementia. This study explores MOBID‐2's test–retest reliability, measurement error and responsiveness to change.


Abstract This case study of teacher research explores the utility of framing the writing development of adolescent writers in terms of their discursive identities and strategic behaviors. By merging our understandings of these frameworks, I argue that we can examine how adolescents' goals, values, and beliefs associated with writing inform the strategic behaviors they engage. The setting for this study was a university-based literacy clinic where Louis, a high-school freshman, was assigned to me, a former English teacher, for writing support. I drew from discursive identity and writing process theories to frame my instructional intervention. During the three-week session, I guided Louis to write an editorial he submitted to a news outlet. Instruction focused on strategies to separate the processes of planning, drafting, and reviewing. Analysis revealed Louis' shifting perspective from the writing process as systematic to more exploratory. This study supports framing student literate profiles in terms of both their discursive identities and cognitive processes.


Excess molar enthalpies H m E were measured as a function of mole fraction at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for the eight mixtures chlorocyclohexane or methylcyclohexane + methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, or propan-2-ol. The results are compared to H m E for cyclohexane + methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, or propan-2-ol, and the effect of the chloro and methyl groups is noted.


The theory implicit in tile following presentation is that the combination of stabilization policies, rather than fiscal or monetary policy-alone, in large part determines total demand. Consequently, this discussion of the Federal budget alludes frequently to the role of monetary policy in national economic developments. The purpose of this article is to summarize the proposed Federal budget program for calendar 1967 and to examnme its implications as a part of total stabilization ~~1m>'.


According the theories of information processing and model recognition, a comparison of the waveforms of internal and external rectoanal sphincters (IAS/EAS) with the impulse response function of a 2nd degree system was made. Impulse response functions of IAS/EAS were also obtained from the analysis. Twelve dynamic parameters were derived from these functions. The parameters can be used for describing the impulse response properties. Using the data of the waveforms, the parameters could be calculated very easily without the need for complex instruments. These parameters are useful not only in clinical practice but also in computer simulation of IAS/EAS.


Although sometimes regarded as trivial because of its brevity or its treatment of issues distant from the modern world, the letter to Philemon remains valuable both for its insight into the social setting of the New Testament and for its reiteration of a central component of the gospel — brotherly love.


 Fact Sheet from NAHSL, the regional health science library group, and regional chapter of the MLA (Medical Library Assn)  Fact Sheet from your state health science library group  Listing of mailing lists  Links to education & training opportunities for medical librarians  MLA Standards for Hospital Libraries (with 2004 revisions)  Bibliography for the New Librarian  List of Regional Library Acronyms Please let us know if any of the contents is missing. We also welcome your feedback so that we can make improvements to future iterations of the Orientation packet. You are part of a vast network of hospital, academic, public, and special libraries throughout North America known as the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). The mission of the NN/LM is to provide health professionals with equal access to biomedical information, and to improve the public's access to health information, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions about their health. The NN/LM network program is coordinated through the National Library of Medicine (NLM®), and there are currently 5,780 member libraries. The NN/LM network is segmented into regions, with a Regional Medical Library assigned to each region. For the six New England states, the NER is currently under contract with the There are numerous benefits to network membership:  Classes and seminars in the use of NLM resources (PubMed®, Medlineplus ®);  Funding opportunities for libraries through project grants and technical awards;  Support and consulting for libraries in the development of shared resources (NLM's world-renowned, interlibrary lending system, DOCLINE ®);  A certificate awarded every five years naming your institution as a recognized member of the network;  Invitations to provide input to the NER on regional programs and services;  Special mailings of NLM posters, brochures, and other publications; and  Contact with colleagues, sharing resources and expertise, strengthening both the function of your library, as well as additional support for your patrons and user community. Please let us know how we may be of assistance – and again – welcome! The National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library on the National Institutes of Health campus, funds eight regional medical library programs nationwide. The University of Massachusetts Medical School serves as the Regional Medical Library for a network of health science libraries, public libraries and special libraries in New England.


Introduction: The dairy industry, which is a key component of world food systems, especially in developing countries like Egypt, is currently undergoing major changes. This process is being driven by a wide range of forces, including shifts in the regulatory environment for dairy production and trade, technological development in the production of milk and dairy products, rapid changes in consumption patterns, and the restructuring of transnational corporate strategies for this sector. The rapid developments in products and processes, the usage of new packaging technologies and the replacement of full cream milk with specialist milk types are all results of technological and market changes. Moreover, dairy farming is also being restructured via breeding programmes and improved feeding regimes that generate higher yields per cow. Besides, the dairy industry has to face significant constraints as far as hygiene, storage, transport and trade are concerned. This is particularly true for liquid milk (ENPI CBCMED, 2014).


The spin-wave spectrum of a ferromagnetic multilayer with alternating directions of magnetization is derived in the dipolar magnetostatic limit. The external magnetic field is set equal to zero and the magnetization is assumed to be in-plane but reversed in adjacent films. We find interesting qualitative differences for an even and an odd number N of single layers which constitute the multilayer. The solutions can be classified as bulklike or surfacelike with respect to the whole multilayer. As N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} the bulklike solutions form bands. We also discuss some symmetry aspects of these solutions.


Glasstein (Berlin. Jdin. TVochenschr., 1911, No. 41) records a case in which the occurrence of gangrene was warded oft' by anastomosis of the femoral artery and vein. The patient was a man 38 years of age, whose left leg had been amputated three years before for gangrene of the foot. He came under G-lasstein's observation complaining of pain and tenderness in the right leg and foot. The skin of the foot


Objective To investigate the clinical relevance of multiple viral infections in children with acute lower respiratory disease. Methods A total of 1722 children with clinical diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection(ALRTI)during the period of October 2007 to September 2011 were involved in our study. One nasopharyngeal aspirate specimen was collected from each patient.(RT)PCRs were performed to detect common respiratory tract viruses including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),rhinovirus(RV),influenza virus type A and B,parainfluenza virus(PIV)type 1-4,adenovirus,enterovirus,human coronavirus,human metapneumonia virus and human bocavirus. Results Totally 206 children had single RSV infection,124 children had dual infections(RSV co-infected with an additional virus)and 40 children had multiple infections along with a RSV infection. Out of the 124 patients,68(54.8%)were co-infected with RV,24 with PIV. There was a statistically significant difference between the dual viral infections group and the RSV-infected group in hospital stay(P0.001).Compared to patients in the single RSV infected group,patients in the multiple viral infection group had significantly more frequency in fever(P=0.017),duration of fever longer(P=0.015),hospital stay also longer(P0.001),and they received more intravenous steroid therapy during hospitalization(P=0.005). There was no significant difference in oxygen therapy,respiratory support and use of bronchodilators. Conclusion Multiple viral infections are linked to more frequency in fever,longer fever days,longer hospital stay,and more frequent use of intravenous steroid therapy during hospitalization. Mixed respiratory virus infection may affect the patient's disease severity and prognosis.


Excerpt For several years attempts to suppress hyperthyroidism by various medicaments have been carried out in our clinic. The rationale of this project is furnished by the occurrence of spontaneou...


A vibrated fluidized bed was used to apply a coating of cellulose nitrate to petroleum derived bead activated charcoal. The result was a tightly adherent and uniform coating. The coated activated charcoal has applications in hemoperfusion for detoxification and artificial liver support. ASAIO Transactions 1989; 35: 139–143.


Quantum machine learning uses quantum mechanical concepts of superposition of states to make the decision. In this work, we used these quantum advantages to enhance deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Our primary and foremost goal is to investigate and elucidate a way of representing and solving the frozen lake problems by using PennyLane which contains Xanadu's back-end quantum processing unit. This paper specifically discusses how to enhance classical deep reinforcement learning algorithms with quantum computing technology, making quantum agents get a maximum reward after a fixed number of epochs and realizing the effect of a number of variational quantum layers on the trainability of enhanced framework. We have analyzed that, as the number of layers increases, the ability of the quantum agent to converge to the optimal state also increases. For this work, we have trained the framework agent with 2, 3, and 5 variational quantum layers. An agent with 2 layers converges to a total reward of 0.95 after the training episode of 526. The other agent with layers converges to a total reward of 0.95 after the training episode of 397 and the agent which uses 5 quantum variational layers converges to a total reward of 0.95 after the training episode of 72. From this, we can understand that the agent with a more variational layer exploits more and converges to the optimal state before the other agent. We also analyzed our work in terms of different learning rate hyperparameters. We recorded every single learning epoch to demonstrate the outcomes of enhanced DRL algorithms with selected 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 learning rates or alpha values. From this result, we can conclude that the greater the learning rate values in quantum deep reinforcement learning, the fewer timesteps it takes to move from the start point to the goal state.


The discovery of anti-tuberculosis agents is crucial for effective tuberculosis therapy. The present strategy for new drug development is directed towards identifying essential enzyme systems in the bacteria and developing potent molecules to inhibit them. The aim of this study was to study the inhibition of a peptide deformylase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using molecular docking FlexX. This study highlighted the actinonin as the better inhibitor of the enzyme. The study of the modelling realized on this inhibitor show that the binding energy can be decreased in a significant way by a judicious choice of fragments to be substitutes. Replacement of the pentyl group in position R1 by a cyclopentylmethyl, the dimethyl-propyl group in position R2 by a pyrrolidine and the hydroxymethyl pyrrolidin in position R3, by hydroxyphenyl group decreases the energy of interaction of 8 units. The study of the pharmacokinetic properties of this proposed molecule shows that they join perfectly the margin of the criteria imposed by the rule of Lipinski. The results of the present study are reported herein so that researchers, who are having required laboratory facilities for synthesizing drugs, can utilize findings of this study for developing new drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with better efficacy.


Background: Transverse myelitis is movement disorder, sensory disturbance, disease with the bladder rectal disorder by being transverse, and spinal cord being affected. In addition, Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is antibody-positive and has a poor prognosis, and AQP4 antibody-positive transvers myelitis complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is rare. Our report concerns a case of AQP4 antibody-positive transvers myelitis complicated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia improved functional prognosis to perform collaborative practice rehabilitation. Methods: A 62-year-old woman had a cough and chest pain, and muscle weakness of the left leg was gradually detected. She had a diagnosis of transverse myelitis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and started steroid medicine. For muscle weakness, gait disturbance, a decreased respiratory function, physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, nurse, dietitian, pharmacist, Medical social worker cooperated and started collaborative practice rehabilitation. Results: Pneumonia, the transverse myelitis were improved at the discharge, and the treatment was effective. Also, by collaborative practice, a motor function and the respiratory function were improved, too. She continued a medical examination, treatment, rehabilitation after a discharge and were able to return to work by continuing support. Conclusion: Collaborative practice was effective for Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and transverse myelitis. Also, training initiation time and education for patients for an interview at end and the adjustment of the exercise program, movement instruction and prevention of recurrence were effective. Function recovery was possible by sharing problems with clinical condition.


Objective To investigate the expression and correlation analysis of Cyclin D1,PCNA and C-erbB-2 in patients with extramammary Paget's disease(EMPD).Methods The immunohistchemical staining was performed to detect the expression of Cyclin D1,PCNA and C-erbB-2 in the tissue specimens of 28 cases of EMPD and 12 cases of normal skin.Results The positive rate of Cyclin D1 in EMPD was 92.86%,which was higher than normal skin tissue(8.33%)(P0.05).The positive rate of PCNA in EMPD was 89.29%,which was obviously higher than normal skin tissue(16.67%)(P0.01).The positive rate of C-erbB-2 in EMPD was 96.43%,which was higher than normal skin tissue(8.33%)(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of Cyclin D1,PCNA and C-erbB-2 increased in patients with EMPD,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EMPD.


The paper demonstrates that the performance of MAC-level protocols is not very meaningful, when considered alone. The true object of performance analysis should be the pair (T,P), where T stands for network topology, and P for MAC-level protocol. The paper examines the performance of two MAC-level protocols: DQDB and LCSMA-CD/U/P. As both of them are capacity-1 protocols, they achieve the same maximum throughput; thus, the focus is on the packet access time and on fairness. The investigation shows that either protocol can be shown as greatly unfair or totally fair, depending on the topology that it operates on. As a byproduct, it is shown that the UU-BUS topology is quite interesting and merits further studies.<<ETX>>


What can be gained from having a German reviewer, involved in academic teaching in a country without a 'textbook culture', write about these two economic geography textbooks? Hence, in which ways is this review employing a perspective which essentially differs from that most likely expressed by reviewers of the Anglo-American tradition, which forms the books' context of production? There may be distinct advantages of applying an outsider's view: it reveals inwhich respects the student-oriented format of content presentation that qualifies the books by Hayter and Patchell, and Mackinnon and Cumbers implies particular benefits, or shortcomings, juxtaposed to German seminal books on economic geography. Rather than prescribing compulsory reading material for students from beginning to end, German books are mostly used as repositories of lecturing material picked by academic teachers according to individual preferences, and as an information source to be consulted by students individually in order to deepen their knowledge, for instance, when preparing for examinations. Anyway, the comparison of the reviewed books with newly published German works instructing academic teaching in economic geography (BATHELT and GLÜCKLER, 2012; BRAUN and SCHULZ, 2012; LIEFNER and SCHÄTZL, 2012) offers interesting insights. It shows whether and how the Anglo-American perception of essential knowledge to be acquired by economic geography students basically differs from the German one. At first sight, the most striking feature of the two reviewed books is their dedicated didactic outline, meant to introduce firstor second-year university or college students to economic geography. From a German view, these typical textbook qualities deserve particular expression of appreciation; our own book authors can still learn from that.


The risk factor of elevated glycated hemoglobin could result microvasculer and macrovasculer
complication among the patients with type 2 diabetes. Glycated Hemoglobin A level is strongly
influenced by patients self-management.
 This study aimed to investigate the effect of family-centered nursing and spiritual therapies on
self-management and Glycated Hemoglobin A.
 A quasi-experimental study using a control group conducted in 60 samples that were divided
into three groups. The group who received family-centered nursing and spiritual therapies in group
1, family-centered nursing only in group 2, and standard treatment in group 3. Self-management
questionnairre and Glycated Hemoglobin A level were measured in the three groups before
intervention as a baseline data, and 3 months after intervention. Data was analyzed by using
repeated ANOVA and path analysis.
 The result revealed that there was a significant difference in self-management in grup 1
compared with grup 2 and 3, but there was no significant difference in Glycated Hemoglobin A in all
group. Intention only as a part of self-management had a significant influence on behavior
(p


* Preface * Acknowledgments * Chapter 1. Agrometeorology: Perspectives and Applications * Definition * A Holistic Science * Scope * Practical Utility * Chronology of Developments * Future Needs * Chapter 2. Solar Radiation and Its Role in Plant Growth * The Sun: The Source of Energy * Nature and Laws of Radiation * Earth's Annual Global Mean Radiative Energy Budget * Solar Radiation and Crop Plants * Solar Radiation Interception by Plants * Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) * Solar Radiation Use Efficiency * Chapter 3. Environmental Temperature and Crop Production * Soil Temperature * Air Temperature * Plant Injury Due to Sudden Changes in Temperature * Frost: Damage and Control * Thermoperiodism * Temperature As a Measure of Plant Growth and Development * Chapter 4. Climatological Methods for Managing Farm Water Resources * Water for Crop Production * Making Effective Use of Rainfall * Evaporation and Evapotranspiration * Water Use and Loss in Irrigation * Climatological Information in Improving Water-Use Efficiency (WUE) * Reducing Water Losses from Reservoirs * Chapter 5. Drought Monitoring and Planning for Mitigation * Definition of Drought * Meteorological Indicators of Drought * Drought Monitoring in Australia * Drought Exceptional Circumstances * Overview of Drought Assessment Methods * Meeting the Challenge: A Drought Mitigation Plan * Desertification * Chapter 6. Climate, Crop Pests, and Parasites of Animals * Role of Weather and Climate * Some Important Insect Pests of Crop Plants * Climate and Parasites of Animals * Helminth Parasites * Arthropod Parasites * Chapter 7. Remote-Sensing Applications in Agrometeorology * Spatial Information and the Environment * Remote Sensing * Remote Sensors and Instruments * Image Acquisition * Satellite Orbits for Remote Sensing * Geographic Information System (GIS) * Global Positioning System (GPS) * Remote-Sensing Applications * Chapter 8. Role of Computer Models in Managing Agricultural Systems * Modeling Biological Response to Weather Conditions * Models * Applications of Crop Models * Simulation Models Relevant to Australian Farming Systems * Decision Support Systems (DSS) * Chapter 9. Agroclimatological Services * Weather and Agriculture * Weather and Climate Forecasting * Tailoring Climate Information for Agriculture * Impacts of Weather on Specific Industries and the Role of Forecast Information * Agroclimatological Information Services in Australia * Use and Benefits of Climate Forecast Information * Toward Optimum Utilization of Climate Information and Forecast Products * Chapter 10. Using Climate Information to Improve Agricultural Systems * Setting the Platform--Property Planning * Sustainable Production--Setting the Enterprise Mix and Production Levels * Making Efficient Use of Rainfall * Developing Resilience * Managing the Extremes--Droughts and Floods * The Decision-Making Process--Dealing with Risk and Complexity * Providing Climate Technology to Farmers * Communicating New Ideas and Practices--Creating Change Through Adult Learning * Chapter 11. Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture * Climate Variability and Climate Change * Observed Change in Atmospheric Composition and Climate * Observed Impact of Climate Change * Future Scenarios of Climate Change * Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources * Impact of Climate Change on Crops * Impact of Climate Change on Livestock * References * Author Index * Subject Index


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A CAPACITIVE KEYBOARD SWITCH KEY. CE PLATE SWITCH HAS A FIXED 12 CAPACITOR NOYEE IN PLATE 14 PRINTED CIRCUIT, MOBILE PLATE UP TO 18 ABOVE FIXED PLATE 12, 48 A DIVER OF OPERATION WHICH, WHEN LOWER, APPLIED THE END OF A SHARP 68 SPUD 66 TAB ON 74 OF EXCEEDING LIMIT CUT IN PLATE 18 SO THAT THE LATTER TAKES POSITION IN WHICH IT IS sUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL PLATE 12, AS AMENDED THE CAPACITY SWITCH 10 SCOPE. KEYBOARD CAPACITIVE sWITCHES ELECTRIC .


The relationship between reading and empathy was explored. Controlling for GPA and gender, reading variables were hypothesized as related to empathy; the relationship was expected to differ for males and females. For the complete sample, affective components were related to GPA but not reading. Perspective taking was related to reading appreciation but not GPA. For females, reading appreciation was related to perspective taking and empathic concern. For males, GPA and non-fiction reading were positively related, but both were negatively related to empathic concern. Results suggest reading may promote both academic achievement and social development. Findings and social implications are discussed.


Objective:To observe the influence of multimedia with traditional health education to the diversity on pre-operation anxiety and post-operation pain of patients under laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:The 50 patients randomly were divided into control group(n = 25) and experimental group(n = 25).Patients in the experimental group were treated with multimedia health education,and patients in the control group were treated with usual care before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.APAIS scale was used to evaluate degree of anxiety of patients before operation and NRS scale was used to evaluate the degree of pain of patients 16 hours after operation.Results:The anxiety of patients before operation and the degree of pain of patients in experimental group significantly decreased compared with that of the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Multimedia health education that can alleviate pre-operation anxiety and post-operation pain of patients under laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be applied in clinic.


Flexibility-based and stiffness-based fiber model beam-column elements for the second order analysis are investigated in this paper. Several typical examples with experimental data are selected for computational effectiveness comparison between the two methods. The validity of flexibility-based beam-column elements is also examined for the second order analysis of space member structures. The results show that flexibility-based beam-column elements are apparently superior to stiffness-based beam-column elements in dealing with instability problems of structures and the flexibility-based beam-column element is presently one of the most practical and efficient element models handling material and geometrically nonlinear problems of framed structures.


Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / hemophagocytic syndrome is a condition that mimics sepsis and hence can be easily m issed. It is characterized by a highly stimulated but ineffective immune system. The presence of macrophages engulfing red blood cells i.e) hemophagocytosis on a bone marrow smear is pathognomonic. However, demonstrating the same on a bone marrow smear may hyperferritinemia. If left untreated, HLH is potentially life threatening. A high degree of suspicion is and prompt treatment improve survival rates. Here, we describe a case of


FeS2 thin films were prepared by thermal sulfidation of iron layers evaporated on glass substrates. Experiments were carried out to optimize the sulfidation parameters. For this purpose, morphological, compositional, crystallographic, optical, and electrical properties of the produced films and their relation with the parameters involved in the sulfidation process (temperature, sulfur pressure) are presented. From x‐ray spectra and energy dispersive analyses of x ray it is concluded that FeS2 starts to be formed at sulfidation temperatures about 200 °C. X‐ray patterns show that crystallinity and grain size of the films improve with the sulfidation temperature with a ''critical value'' which varies with the sulfur pressure. On the other hand, both the film resistivity and the optical absorption coefficient change abruptly at temperatures higher than 350 °C. Above 500 °C polycrystalline aggregates known as ''framboidal pyrite'' are observed.


AR event service provider and method are provided, when receiving the merchant subscription request it received from the shop terminal when the AR event requests to be received from the step, in-store terminal that gives the merchant code, the at least one marker for Carrying Out the AR events in the store a step of issuing, at least when one of the marker is recognized by the shop terminal, at least one of the store terminal that recognizes a marker identifier, at least one three-dimensional position information, an identification code, the merchant information, at least one of the markers of the marker receiving, through the mapped URL, from the shop terminal, to map the at least one product for the recognized at least one marker and AR events generate AR content corresponding to a receiving input register, at least one product and a step for storing the map and at least one marker.


Introduction: The study focused on the experience of Jehovah's Witness parents with traditional treatment for anaemia in children, with the objectives of determining the experience of Jehovah's Witness parents and determining the type of treatment used for anaemia in children.
Methods: This was a qualitative, phenomenological study based on a free, face-to-face interview with 5 Jehovah's Witness parents.
Results: Respondents had experienced recurrent seizures and transfusion at the request of the caregiver, and the traditional treatment was effective and progressed well. Satisfaction was highest at each onset of anaemia attacks. The majority of respondents expected their children to be cured and survive, and they used oral and external solutions as routes of administration.
Conclusion: Jehovah's Witness parents had experience of traditional treatment of anaemia in children and this treatment was effective.


Domiciliary low flow oxygen (home oxygen) may benefit paediatric patients whose disability can be related to hypoxic respiratory failure and it may shorten hospitalization and improve clinical There are a number of age-related protective mechanisms which allow for fluctuations in the normal oxygen state between 60 and 90 mmHg. However, in the young infant and neonate with chronic lung disease, tolerance and the response of the control system to partial pressures below these levels is variable, with some infants exhibiting apnoea in response to saturation states below 90% (60 1nmHg)4<~ Fortunately, the young infant may be exquisitely sensitive to oxygen therapy in that oxygen reverses hypoxia even at very low rates of delivery, for example <125 mL/min, but the infant may require such therapy for many months. In the older child (school age to adolescent), the oxygen therapy guidelines for adult patients generally apply. While home oxygen therapy is recognized as being important to maintain adequate growth and development and to prevent pulmonary hypertension, in hypoxic paediatric patients there are no controlled studies that clearly delineate absolute guidelines for usage. This form of therapy imposes a considerable burden on the child, the family and health care services. Great care is essential in: (i) delivery; (ii) accurate monitoring; (iii) ongoing management; and (iv) withdrawal. In situations where oxygen is being used for palliative care and crisis care management of acute and recurrent life threatening conditions, the need for monitoring must take a secondary place to the clinical relief of symptoms.


The present contribution aims to advance discussion toward theoretical and methodological shifts in the field by tailoring a media-effects model to selective exposure research. The first section reviews earlier theorizing and highlights media exposure motivations, conceptualizations of media user characteristics, and methodology with an emphasis on exposure measures. The second section develops the Selective Exposure Self- and Affect-Management (SESAM) model, which is based on the selective exposure paradigm and addresses the roles of the self, affect, motivations, and time. The third section illustrates applications of the model with analyses involving messages about race, politics, and health.


A robot-obstacle distance evaluation algorithm is described in this thesis which directly operates on the image given by a depth sensor, also known as Depth Space. The algorithm's main features are that the entire visible part of the robot is accurately surveyed and that the different robot links are separately considered for the minimum robot-obstacle distance. Several design parameters are described and evaluated, introduced mainly to improve the algorithm's time performance. Possible implementations of the algorithm with the respective design parameters are given both for a CPU and a GPU. Performance results of the CPU and GPU implementations, in terms of accuracy and computational time, are provided and compared for different parameter values. The implementation on the GPU outperforms the one on the CPU clearly, especially concerning the execution time. With well chosen parameter values, the algorithm on the GPU can reach cycle times of 1000 Hz, by simultaneous providing accurate results.


Atomic Force Microscopes are capable to provide non-destructive high resolution, CD-metrology and precise defect analysis. However, a conventional AFM has not enough throughput for today's large scale semiconductor manufacturing. The primary point remains the increase of the scanning area in case of large wafers, masks, displays or dies. Cantilever array-based AFMs are intended to increase the imaging throughput by parallelizing the work of many AFM probes that may be practiced by parallel AFM systems that are capable to operate autonomously. An active cantilever scheme makes it possible to sense electronically the deflection and individually to control the actuation of every cantilever in the array. Each cantilever in the array represents a self-sustaining AFM-hardware system for metrology and imaging. In that, the multiple parallel probes are forming many AFMs capable to work independently.


Manufacturing information integration requires translations among various functional systems' information models which are based on different paradigms (e.g., Entity-Relationship, Relational, and Object). In order to facilitate this potentially overwhelming task, a meta-model is needed to serve as the conceptual schema for models integration at both development phase and run-time. This paper presents a particular framework for the concept and discusses the promises of the TSER (Two-Stage Entity Relationship) model as a meta-model for Object-Oriented Methods, the Relational m del, and Entity-Relationship models. The connections to the PDES/EXPRESS model are included. MOTS CLÉS: Méta-modèles, Intègration de l'entreprise, Modélisation de l'information, Gestion des données.


Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789. Volumes 17-26: March 1, 1781-July 25, 1789, With Supplement, 1774-87. Edited by Paul H. Smith, Ronald M. Gephart, and others. (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1990-2000. Pagination varies, $39.00-$62.00, ISBN 0-8444-0177-3.) These volumes of the Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, bring to an end the series begun in 1970 by the Library of Congress as a project to commemorate the Bicentennial of the American Revolution. The Letters series has become an essential companion of the Library's monumental Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789 (34 vols.; Washington, D.C., 1904-1937). Editors Paul H. Smith, Ronald Gephart, and their associates have provided an excellent source for documents relating to the Confederation government. Included are more than 23,000 letters written by the 344 delegates to the Congress and also letters by Charles Thomson, the ubiquitous "perpetual" secretary to the Congress. This series greatly improved upon Edmund C. Burnett's Letters of Members of the Continental Congress (8 vols.; Washington, D.C., 1921-1936) not only in the number of letters included but also in the comprehensive identification and annotation of individuals, events, and places referred to in the documents. The Letters of Delegates has become the standard by which scholarly editions of early American letters and documents are measured. Volumes one through twenty-five each begin with comments on "Editorial Method and Apparatus." Editorial conventions used to clarify the text are identified. Symbols denote the type and location of the source for each printed document. An "Abbreviations and Short Titles" section identifies references cited in annotations to the letters. The "Acknowledgements" recognize many of the publications, institutions, and individuals that have contributed to the project. A "Chronology of Congress" is especially valuable to students and professional researchers, in that it provides dates for key events, debates, and reports for the period covered by each volume. A "List of Delegates to Congress" provides the dates on which delegates were elected and the inclusive dates of their attendance within the period covered by each volume. A thorough index for each volume provides further access to the letters, and through them the thoughts and actions of individuals and of Congress as a body. Students of American history have largely overlooked this first fifteen years of our national government, but Congress in this era did much to prepare the ground for the national government shaped by the Constitution. New interpretations for the period should emerge from these readily available and fully annotated letters. The historical detective work of the editors has made much new information accessible. Volume seventeen begins by noting that in the Confederation Congress on March 1, 1781, the state of New York ceded its western land claims. At that point delegates from Maryland signed the Articles of Confederation, which officially established the Confederation Congress as the new national government. …


The temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ, magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ, heat conductivity κ and Seebeck effect S of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1−y GeyO3−δ (0 0.12. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this study we sought to examine whether reduced slow wave sleep (delta sleep) parameters were related to the risk of recurrence of major depression in patients receiving pharmacologic maintenance treatment. The EEG sleep of 53 patients was examined on three occasions: while drug-free during an index episode, while on imipramine at the point of stabilization of the index episode, and after 20 weeks of continuation therapy on imipramine. While a trend for total delta wave counts at the index episode evaluation was noted with time to recurrence using the Cox proportional hazards model, a stronger association was found with delta wave counts after 20 weeks of imipramine therapy (P =. 019). The intraclass correlation for the 3 time points was very high (.78) indicating that the amount of total delta sleep remained stable throughout all conditions. These findings support the notion that specific slow wave sleep measures may represent persistent or "trait-like" abnormalities with prognostic significance in recurrent depression. Depression 1:300–308 (1993). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


The primordial magnetic field (PMF) can strongly affect the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum and the formation of large scale structure. In this presentation, we calculate the CMB temperature anisotropies generated by including a power-law magnetic field at the photon last scattering surface (PLSS). We then deduce an upper limit on the primordial magnetic field based upon our theoretical analysis of the power excess on small angular scales. We have taken into account several important effects such as the modified matter sound speed in the presence of a magnetic field. An upper limit to the field strength of $|B_\lambda|\lesssim$ 4.7 nG at the present scale of 1 Mpc is deduced. This is obtained by comparing the calculated theoretical result including the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect with recent observed data on the small scale CMB anisotropies from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) and the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). We discuss several possible mechanisms for the generation and evolution of the PMF before, during and after the BBN.


We present a genome assembly from an individual Acholoë squamosa (the star-devouring scaleworm; Annelida; Polychaeta; Phyllodocida; Polynoidae). The genome sequence is 1,481.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.64 kilobases in length.


The regulation of phosphorylation levels on tyrosineof cellular proteins are important in a variety of bio-logical processes and it is maintained by the dynamicbalance of the opposing activities of PTPases andprotein tyrosine kinases. Abnormal activities ofthese two classes of enzymes are often associatedwith diseases and, therefore, a lot of research isrecently focused on the development of PTPaseinhibitors.


People who review products on the web invest considerable time and energy in what they write. So why would someone write a review that restates earlier reviews? Our work looks to answer this question. In this paper, we present a mixed-method study of deja reviewers, latecomers who echo what other people said. We analyze nearly 100,000 Amazon.com reviews for signs of repetition and find that roughly 10-15% of reviews substantially resemble previous ones. Using these algorithmically-identified reviews as centerpieces for discussion, we interviewed reviewers to understand their motives. An overwhelming number of reviews partially explains deja reviews, but deeper factors revolving around an individual's status in the community are also at work. The paper concludes by introducing a new idea inspired by our findings: a self-aware community that nudges members toward community-wide goals.


The issue of regulation of terminological lexicography is one ofthe current issues. First of all, the role of terminological lexicography in thedevelopment and growth of creative thinking is invaluable. The structure of thelexicography of terms of language follows complex internal laws in the process ofits development and enrichment, change. The nature of these laws is determined bythe linguistic nature of each language, its grammatical structure, historical processesin language development, social environment, scope and degree of languagedistribution, as well as the features that result from the interaction and cooperationof this language with other sister and non-sister languages.


Abstract : The Tactical Decision Process (TADEP) model described in this paper was designed to be used in conjunction with a series of man-in-the-loop simulation experiments to represent the information flow between the Anti-Air Warfare Commander (AAWC) and his operating environment. The TADEP model provides a dynamic tool for representing and situational factors and human decision processes in relation to individual and organizational performance outcomes. The model can be used to compare different decision situations by varying the tactical characteristics of the battle, by changing the information flow, or by changing the characteristics of the decision maker and his decision processes. It can be used to evaluate the results of different decision strategies during all stages of an air defense from the outer-air battle through the transition to the inner-air battle.


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Primary care, the backbone of the nation's health care system, is at grave risk of collapse due to a dysfunctional financing and delivery system. Immediate and comprehensive reforms are required to replace systems that undermine and undervalue the relationship between patients and their personal physicians. If these reforms do not take place, within a few years there will not be enough primary care physicians to take care of an aging population with increasing incidences of chronic diseases. The consequences of failing to act will be higher costs, greater inefficiency, lower quality, more uninsured persons, and growing patient and physician dissatisfaction.


This group of authors came up with a scoring system to predict seizures in patients with brain AVMs. They retrospectively reviewed imaging studies of 1299 patients and found 33 with unruptured AVMs and seizures and 45 with unruptured lesions without seizures. Features that predicted seizures included: arterial dilation, pial recruitment, fistula, intranidal aneurysm, pial long draining vein, pseudophlebitic pattern, venous outflow obstruction, and venous ectasia. Because seizures are associated with significant morbidity, AVMs with these features may be targeted for treatment with surgery and/or embolization. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Seizures are a common presentation in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations, but the pathogenesis of seizures remains poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to analyze various morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics of unruptured BAVMs presenting primarily with seizures and, on the basis of these, to propose a scoring system to predict seizures in patients with BAVMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective review of our BAVM data base from 2000 to 2009, after excluding patients with ruptured BAVMs, we classified patients into 2 groups, those with and without seizures at presentation. Clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic characteristics on cerebral angiograms of all these patients were studied. The association between various angioarchitectural variables and seizure presentation was examined, and these results were used to guide the development of criteria to predict presentation with seizures. RESULTS: Of 1299 patients in our data base, we finally analyzed 33 patients with unruptured BAVMs with seizures and 45 patients with unruptured AVMs without seizures. Location, fistulous component in the nidus, venous outflow stenosis, and the presence of a long pial course of the draining vein were identified as the strongest predictors of seizures. The proposed scoring system had good predictability of presentation with seizures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific angioarchitectural characteristics of unruptured BAVMs may predict occurrence of seizures and may help in targeted treatment.


The interaction of circular Rydberg atoms with a high-quality microwave cavity makes it possible to realize complex quantum state manipulations. The state of an atom can be "copied" onto the cavity. Reversing this operation at a later time with a second atom, we realize an elementary "quantum memory" holding an atomic quantum coherence for a while in a cavity mode. We have also generated two-atom entangled states of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type. At variance with previous experiments, this one implies massive particles in a completely controlled process. These entanglement manipulations can be generalized to more complex or to mesoscopic systems and open the way to new tests of fundamental aspects of the quantum world.


[3]Psychological wounds of trauma are a diagnosis that is not very often understood or considered when an individual has experienced physical trauma or been involved in a motor vehicle accident. When a patient is not responding to the usual types of physical, medical, or chiropractic treatment interventions, it is important to consider the co-morbid issues and needs involved in the case. Such patients struggle to improve their pain and functioning, but continue to be blocked and overwhelmed by the psychological experience leaving providers frustrated and confused. Pain medications may be increased as the patient's pain seems to only get worse and seems uncontrollable. In reality, trauma patients may well, unknowingly and ineffectively, utilize pain medications as a means to modulate their moods. Traumatic psychological variables are most predictive of injury case outcomes.


Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has three classical phenotypes, namely erosive esophagitis (EE), nonerosive reflux disease, and Barrett's esophagus. Patients with GERD are managed with lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). Aim: To determine the patterns of PPI use in patients with documented EE. Methods: This prospective study recruited all patients with symptoms of GERD (heartburn and/or regurgitation with or without chest pain) and documented significant reflux esophagitis (Los Angeles grading LA-B or beyond on endoscopy). Lifestyle and dietary changes were initiated and all patients were prescribed twice daily PPI for 8 weeks. PPI was tapered as the requirement beyond 8 weeks. Follow-up was done at weeks 8, 12, and 24. The outcomes analysed included number of patients where complete PPI withdrawal was possible at week 24 and determinants of continued PPI use at 24 weeks of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study cohort included 53 patients-42 with reflux esophagitis LA-B and 11 with reflux esophagitis LA-C (median age 46 years [22–77 years]; 28 [52.3%] males). There was significant difference in consumption pattern of PPI between week 12 and 24 (P = 0.008). At week 12, 15.1% were off PPI and 67% required intermittent dosing. At week 24, 45.3% of cases were off PPI therapy and 43.4% required intermittent dosing. Only 11.3% patients continued drug use at once a day dosing. Lower body mass index (BMI) (P 0.01) and age (P 0.01) were linked with complete PPI withdrawal at week 24. Conclusion: The present study highlights that PPI withdrawal is possible in 15.1% and 45.3% cases with EE after week 12 and week 24 of therapy, respectively. Lower BMI and age are likely to be associated with PPI withdrawal at week 24.


Analysis of the reasons of critical flow rate occurrence in hydraulic tracts of cryogenic machines has been carried out. Theoretical expressions have been derived to calculate critical velocities in a boiling multiphase medium. Applied to hybrid fluid-film bearings with throttles for lubricant supply, a mathematical model has been developed to calculate pressure distribution and hydrodynamic reaction forces of a lubricant considering the influence of steam content and critical flows in throttle devices. Numerical results of phase state and load capacity calculations of a hybrid fluid-film bearing under lubricant's critical flow rates condition have been presented.


In April 1961, India embarked on her third five-year plan. Whereas the two previous five-year plans were concerned with preparing the foundations for economic growth, the third plan is designed to achieve an acceleration in the country's economic progress. According to the Indian Planning Commission: The period of the Third Plan represents the first stage of a decade or more of intensive development leading to a self-reliant and selfgenerating economy.1 The influence of Rostow's theory of economic development upon the Indian planners is quite strong.2 They look upon the Indian economy as proceeding from one stage of development to another. Having completed the foundations necessary for achieving economic growth, the country is now preparing, by means of the third plan, to start its "take-off into selfsustained growth." The success of the third five-year plan has thus been made a most crucial factor in India's attempt to achieve a rapid growth which would increase the economic well-being of her expanding population. In specific terms, the task of the third plan is to expand economic activity so that real national income will rise from Rs. 145 billion ($30.5 billion) in 1960/61 to about Rs. 190 billion ($39.9 billion) in 1965/66.3 The magnitude of this task in comparison with the actual performance of the two previous plans is indicated in Table 1.


Unanticipated difficult intubation can be the worst nightmare of an anaesthetist. This becomes all the more challenging when the anaesthetized patient is a pregnant mother. We describe a difficult airway in a term mother with foetal distress for an emergency caesarian section. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/slja.v19i2.1973 Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology Vol.19(2) 2011 pp.86-88


On the basic of computer vision principle,some problems which were produced by the change of coordinate system in the process of painting with VC++ were resolved,a practical example was given about a 3-D perspective,some mathematical equations during the process of changing the coordinate system was deduced.


The invention relates to the field of building operations, in particular to a concrete-structured conjoined cylindrical shell construction device and a method therefor. The construction device comprises a pulley (1), a run derrick (2), a reinforced hoop (3), a steel wire rope (4), a chain hoist (5), a handrail (6), a radial spar (7), a platform ring beam (8), a safety net (9), an external hanger frame (10), an inner form spreader (12), a stay bar pivot ring half-way line frame (13), an operation platform (14), an external die plate (15), an internal die plate (16), a rigid axis connector (17), an internal hanger frame (18) and a diameter-adjusting screw (19). The construction method comprises the installation of the run derrick, the operation platform, the external die plate and the internal die plate, the construction of concrete, the normal die construction and connection of silos, which are conducted in sequence. The invention features simple operation, shortened construction period and lowered construction cost.


Speech sound perception is an important consideration in second language acquisition. The perception of correct and misartticulated /r/ was tested on native adult speaker of Japanese and Korean learning English.


This report presents the results of a programme of research to assess the perceived community impacts of increased traffic associated with the construction of the Sizewell C power station. The programme consisted of four stages: a literature review, an initial consultation survey with 267 participants, 20 depth interviews, and a stated preference survey with 105 participants.


The synthesis of α′-glycine and α′-alanine esters of α-(L-α-phosphatidyl)glycerols with myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid substituents is described. The lipoamino acids were obtained by the simultaneous phosphorylation of a D-α,β-diglyceride and azidoacyl β-benzyl glycerol with phenylphosphoryl dichloride and pyridine, isolation of the (diacyl L-α-glyceryl), (azidoacyl β-benzylglyceryl)-phenylphosphate by column chromatography on silicic acid, and the removal of the protective phenyl and benzyl groups as well as the reduction of the azido to the amino group in one operation by catalytic hydrogenolysis with a mixture of palladium and platinum catalysts.Azidoacetyl β-benzyl glycerol and 2-azidopropionyl β-benzyl glycerol were prepared by acylating β-benzyl glycerol with azidoacetyl chloride and 2-azidopropionyl chloride, respectively, and separating the mixtures of azidoacyl and bis-azidoacyl β-benzyl glycerols by column chromatography on silicic acid.


Methodical approaches to the assessment of efficiency of the investment projects, implemented at the expense of budgetary funds are considered in the article. The results of the analysis of the legislation of 85 territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, fixing the assessment of the investment projects, implemented at the expense of budget funds are presented. The analysis of indicators of the assessment of social and budgetary efficiency of investments, presented in regional methodology is carried out. The need of development of methods of the assessment of efficiency of the investment projects, implemented in the social sphere, allowing selecting projects for financing, is proved.


This paper chooses a seeming contradiction in Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragon? Bian Sao as a turning point to analyze and hold the view that Liu Xie believes in God's existence in ultimate sense,but simultaneously he opposes to talk much about God in reality or write much about it in the article. Reflected in his attitude to "Bi"and "Xing",he superficially approves of the use of "Bi" and"Xing" in Li Sao,however,in fact the use isn't consistent with his attitude to "Bi"and "Xing" which holds people should choose things that are common and existent in real life when using "Bi"and "Xing" in writing.


In the knowledge economy there has been increasing demands from stakeholder's side to provide sufficient information about company's ability to create wealth. Today intellectual capital is considered as superior assets for wealth creation. In this study we empirically investigate the intellectual capital reporting trends of 30 Indian knowledge intensive companies. The sample companies are selected, for this study, from the Group-A category companies of the listed companies of Bombay Stock Exchange. We have employed 'content analysis' method to measure the frequency of intellectual capital reporting in the annual reports of sample companies over the three-year period starting from 2009 to 2011. The empirical results show that reporting of intellectual capital items is unevenly distributed and information about external capital items are reported mostly. However, an upward trend in IC reporting is found in this study.


The prevalence of depressive disorders indicates the relevance of studying the factors of their formation and course, including in cognition process features and regulation. The aim of the study was to study the differences in the severity of the metacognitive experience (mental structures allowing for involuntary and voluntary regulation of intellectual activity) components of in people with symptoms of depression compared with people without symptoms of depression. Sample: 84 individuals aged 19 to 60 years (M = 25,3; SD = 6,6). Methods: self-rating depression scale by W. Zung (adaptation by T.I. Balashova), a short version of the questionnaire of metacognitive beliefs (MSQ30, adaptation by N.A. Sirota, etc.), differential reflexivity test by D.A. Leont'ev, LaCosta metacognitive behavior self-assessment scale (adaptation by A.V. Karpov). Results. The persons with symptoms of depression expressed introspection (immersion in self-observation) (p ≤ 0,001) and quasi-reflection (going into extraneous thoughts not directly related to life here and now) (p ≤ 0,05), as well as a high frequency of the use of metacognitive beliefs: opinion in the uncontrollability of their negative state (p ≤ 0,001), the need to monitor their thoughts (p ≤ 0,001), self-assessment of their cognitive functions as not working adequately (p ≤ 0,001). The resulting correlations of introspection with a range of metacognitive strategies (conscious decision-making, mental modelling — predicting the consequences of decisions made and building mental models of their knowledge in verbal or figurative form) and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs (belief in uncontrollable anxiety, cognitive failure) are considered as potential risk factors for depressive disorder, its resistance and instability in remission.


Porous carbons, possessing exceptional stability, high surface area, and electric conductivity, are broadly used as superior adsorbent, supporter, or electrode material for environmental protection, industrial catalysis, and energy storage and conversion. The construction of such kinds of materials with designable structures and properties will extremely extend their potential applications, but remains a huge synthetic challenge. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is presented to synthesize one type of fully sp2 carbon–bonded frameworks by transition metal–catalyzed cross‐coupling of different polyphenylenes with electron‐withdrawing 9,9′‐bifluorenylidene (9,9′‐BF) through its 2,7‐position. The resulting porous polymeric carbons exhibit substantial semiconducting properties, such as strong light‐harvesting capabilities in the visible light region, likely due to their π‐extended backbones with donor–acceptor characters. Their electronic and porous structures can be finely tuned via the polyphenylene spacers. The intriguing properties allow these porous carbons to efficiently catalyze dye degradation under visible light or even natural sunlight with high reusability. Meanwhile, associated with their intrinsic structures, these porous carbons also exhibit highly selective degradation activities toward different dyes. In particular, the photodegradation mechanism involving oxygen and electron is elucidated for the first time for such kinds of materials, related to the presence of specific 9,9′‐BF units in their π‐conjugated skeletons.


Objective To investigate the prevalences of 9 common chronic diseases in retired cadres in Chongming County of Shanghai. Methods General epidemiological investigation was conducted in all retired cadres(n=268) living in Chongming County of Shanghai,and all data were collected from the cadre clinic,physical examination center and ward of cadres of Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and on-site investigation.The diagnostic standard of classification of diseases referred to the standards of International Classification of Diseases ICD-10.Two hundred and forty-nine people were investigated actually,and the response rate was 92.9%.The prevalences of chronic diseases and distribution of diseases in retired cadres were retrospectively analysed. Results The prevalences of chronic diseases were 98.39%(245/249),and the prevalences of coronary heart disease,hypertension,stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,gastritis and gastric ulcer,diabetes mellitus,chronic kidney disease,dementia and malignant tumors were 73.1%,72.3%,35.7%,34.5%,33.7%,28.1%,20.5%,14.5% and 14.1%,respectively.The prevalence of having 3 diseases in the same cadre was 83.5%,that of having 7 diseases in the same cadre was 9.1%,and that of tumor was 14.1%. Conclusion Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases dominate the disease spectrum of retired cadres.Various diseases may seize the same retired cadres at the same time,which is the most important epidemiological characteristics.The prevalence of tumors is higher in old people.Appropriate preventive measures should be taken,and proper treatment should be performed in the cadres.


This paper introduces how to in situ observe fracture behavior around crack tip in ferroelectric ceramics under combined electromechanical loading by use of a moire interferometry technique. The deformation field induced by electric field concentration near crack tip in three-points bending experiments was measured. By analyzing the moire interferometry images it is found that strain decreases faster than values predicted by the theoretical analysis as the distance away from the crack tip increases.


An 85-year-old man was seen at the hospital because of sudden abdominal pain in right upper quatant(RUQ) and vomitting. Tenderness and rebound were present around RUQ and Murphy sign was positive. Blood chemistry was normal except for WBC of 10,260/μ l and CRP of 2.1mg/dl. Abdominal Ultrasonography showed swelling of the gallbladder with thickened wall and the cystic duct was not visualized. CT showed twisted pedicle of the cystic duct and the gallbladder shifted caudally. The gallbladder torsion was diagnosed and emergency open cholecystectomy was performed. During surgery, the Gross type-Ⅱ floating gallbladder was twisted counter-clockwise by 720 degrees and the adhension band to the gallbladder caused its torsion. The patient was discharged without any trou-bles. We experienced this rare case of the gallbladder torsion and report it with the consideration based on present case reports.