Objective:To explore the technique and outcomes of the anterior cervical endoscopic discectomy and interbody fusion.Method:A total of 20 patients with protrusion of cervical disc or cervical spondylotic myelopathy undertaking anterior cervical endoscopic discectomy and interbody fuson with PEEK cage,titanium cage and titanium plate individually in over 2 years were reviewed retrospectively.Of these patients,single PEEK cage was applied in 8 cases,PEEK cage plus anterior plate in 2 cases,single titanium cage in 3 cases,titanium cage plus anterior plate in 2 case,intervertebral bone graft plus anterior plate in 5 cases.Result:All 20 patients were followed-up for 3~12 months(average,7 months).The neurological function of 20 patients improved significantly after operation,the radiological results showed no intervertebral height loss except 1 case with instrument failure,physical curve was maitained in all cases,and completely decompression were reached in all cases,no instrument failure was documented except of internal fixation loosening in 1 case.Conclusion:With the improvement of technique and instrument,the procedures including anterior cervical discectomy,interbody fusion and internal fixation under endoscopy can be used to deal with cervical diseases effectively.


A pot experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Diyala during the season (2017-2018) In order to evaluate the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis plus phosphorus chemical fertilizer on two wheat cultivars (Ala and Audi). A factorial experiment was arranged with three replications of each treatment and two factors, the first include two wheat cultivars, the second factor includes three different levels from bio and chemical fertilizers. Results showed that application of bio fertilizers B. subtilis with a half dose of chemical fertilizer were superior significantly in Plant height and Number of branches 46.98, 65.68 cm and 3.87, 7.71 after 45 and 120 days respectively, Plant fresh weight 39.41 g, Plant dry weight 19.18 g, % Phosphor in plant 0.27% while Bio fertilizer was superior in Number of bacteria from other treatments reached 90.66×106. Ala cultivar was the best in traits of Plant height and Plant dry weight, whereas Audi cultivar was the best in traits of Number of branches, % Phosphor in plant and Number of bacteria.


Some new analytical results on the high-order Yule-Walker (HOYW) equations are presented. A simple singularity condition for the high-order autocorrelation matrix is found which makes it possible to determine situations where application of the HOYW equations could be especially unsuitable. It is also shown that using the HOYW equations is equivalent to performing conventional noise compensation in the main diagonal of the low-order autocorrelation matrix. This is in connection with the possibility of matching a given set of (the first) 2M+1 autocorrelation estimates to a noisy autoregressive process of order M. >


The objectification of the female body is a concept that has gained increasing visibility in discussions about chauvinism, being a concept that refers to the trivialization of the image of women, so that the appearance is put in evidence at the expense of all the attributes that define them as human beings, leading to the imposition of standards on how they should look and act. This study addresses different conceptions about the female body and the subjectivity of women from the perspective of patriarchy, seeks to discuss the influence of patriarchal culture in relation to gender roles and relationships of dominator and dominated, and discusses how this information crosses women's body health and health mental. This study sought to identify and characterize female objectification through feminist literature and to investigate the effects of objectification on the body self-perception of women who developed eating disorders, shedding light on the contribution of Gestalt-therapy in the female emancipation process. Considering that many women do not see themselves as beautiful, it is important to highlight the contribution of this study to Psychology, concerning to the possibility of this science provides to women perception of new ways of existing, freeing them from the psychological suffering that power relations and dominance can cause. It is worth highlighting the importance of other professionals, not only in the health areas, being aware of the dangers of imposing beauty standards, in order to contribute to healthy and positive interventions with women.


In order to generate various signals used for the point to point underwater communication,this paper first analyzes the signal which can be used for underwater communication,then combines with the signal processing hardware system to investigate a feasible scheme,and finally lists the hardware circuits. This system can generate low frequency and long time continuous transmitting signal with the satisfied precision in underwater communication.


The president cannot regulate all areas of government independently, the government is formed such as the National Land Agency to create a land system in Indonesia. The land sector is related to Mortgage Rights because it is important where banks as creditors to the public need capital with objects being used as collateral by debtors. Technological advances brought changes, previously Mortgage was registered manually which was complicated and convoluted then gave rise to Electronic Mortgage Registration. The purpose of this research is to analyze the process of completing the cancellation of electronic mortgage registration according to the Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation Number 5 of 2020, and to understand the legal consequences of the cancellation of an electronic mortgage registration application according to the Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN Number 5 of 2020. The research method used is a type of empirical research using a sociological approach. The sources of legal materials for this research are primary and secondary sources. Data collection techniques used interview techniques, and recorded and documented data materials. This research discusses the process of completing the cancellation of registration and the legal consequences of canceling the application for registration of electronic mortgages according to the Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation Number 5 of 2020. The results of this research indicate that the settlement process in the event of cancellation of Electronic Mortgage Rights is by completing the conditions stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (1) Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Number 5 of 1996 and the Legal Consequences of the Cancellation of the Application for Electronic Mortgage Rights, the debtor registers and pays PNBP again.


Despite its strong theoretical relevance with emotional labor, employees' ability to understand and regulate emotions (i.e., emotional intelligence, EI) has seldom been studied, especially how it affects hotel employees responding to the firm's display rules (i.e., emotional labor) and experiencing burnout and job satisfaction.


We performed a successful bilateral ex vivo renal artery reconstruction for renovascular hypertension. The technique consists of accurately identifying the lesion, removing the kidney except for its ureteral attachment, and perfusing the kidney with pulsatile oxygenated acellular cryoprecipitated plasma while reconstruction with autogenous saphenous vein is performed. Then the kidney is reimplanted in the ipsilateral iliac fossa. This kind of operation will be useful in some patients with distal segmental renal artery branches or aneurysm. ( JAMA 228:493-495, 1974)


CAES compressed air energy storage cP heat capacity at constant pressure; cP,cold is cold stream heat capacity, cP,hot is hot stream heat capacity Comp compressor D diameter f friction factor g gravity H height h head; hL is the major head loss HEX heat exchanger HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning L length; Lpipe is pipe length m mass; m' is mass flow rate, mair' is mass flow rate of air, mcold' is cold stream mass flow rate, mhot' is hot stream mass flow rate P pressure; Pamb is ambient pressure, Pcavern is cavern pressure, Pi is inlet pressure, Po is outlet pressure, P1 is the pressure at location 1, P2 is the pressure at location 2 PV photovoltaic Q heat; Q' is heat transfer rate, Qact' is the actual heat transfer rate, Qmax' is the theoretical maximum heat transfer rate R gas constant T temperature; Tamb is ambient temperature, Tcavern is cavern temperature, Tcold,i is incoming cold stream temperature, and Tcold,o is outgoing cold stream temperature, Thot,i is incoming hot stream temperature, Thot,o is outgoing hot stream temperature, Ti is inlet temperature, To is outlet temperature TES thermal energy storage Turb turbine


The Master thesis deals with the analysis of strategic documents in the area of social services at the regional level of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this thesis explains the issues of planning of social services in the Czech Republic. Attention is devoted to community planning and the creation of regional mid-term social services development plans. The practical part includes a comparison of currently existing mid-term social services development plans of each regions. At the end of the Master thesis are formulated proposals for improvements in planning of social services at regions which are based on the acquired findings.


This paper describes the main principles to compute the nodal marginal costs and nodal prices of a mixed generation system, with hydro, reversible hydro and thermal power plants, using a high level transmission network. It also presents a comprehensive set of results for some hydrological scenarios and three different applications in electricity market. The main objective of the paper is to present a tool enabling the improvement of the power market strategies. It will be stressed an application of the model consisting in establish bids for a reversible hydro plant with a great regulating reservoir capacity, and chosen the best market to offer. Two more applications are presented: the analysis of high voltage transmission lines of an equivalent electric network, identifying congestion in physical and economic terms; the indication, for producers of deficit areas of generation/consumption, of what might be a good opportunity for location of new non hydro plants. These applications used the VALORAGUA software model, a tool used in REN, S.A. Portuguese National Grid, for operation planning of electric power system. The plan of the paper is as follows: Section 1 briefly introduces the approach and the methodology used, stressing the calculation of the marginal value of water for each hydro reservoir and the benefits of high voltage transmission lines. Section 2 presents a case study, some results and the three applications above referred. Section 3 discusses the possibility to use VALORAGUA model in market operation, to help in choosing the best strategy for hydro plants, to reduce the risk in terms of hydrology, to define bids and to analyze the high voltage transmission line linking several markets. Section 4 presents the most important conclusions.


A model reported by the present investigators has earlier shown that the extent of heat pick up by a nanoparticle during its collision with the heat source in a given nanofluid would depend on the thermal conductivity (kp, unit W/m.K), density (ρ, unit kg/m3), elastic modulus (E, unit GPa) and Poissons ratio (μ) of the nanoparticle and heat source. Considering the expression for collision period and thermal conductivity of nanoparticle, a factor χ =kp(ρ/E)0.4 is proposed here and examined for the preliminary identification of the potential of a dispersoid in enhancing the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid. The χ-factor for Ag, Cu, CuO, Al2O3 and SiO2 are 2960, 2247, 116, 14.1 and 5.5, respectively. The higher χ-factor of CuO compared to that of Al2O3 can explain why water and ethylene glycol (EG) based CuO-nanofluid is reported to show higher enhancement in the thermal conductivity, when compared to similar Al2O3-nanofluid. The χ for SiO2 is much smaller than that for Ag, which also corroborates well with the marginal enhancement in thermal conductivity of water based nanofluid containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Therefore, a high value of χ of the nanodispersoid can serve as a parameter for the design of nanofluids for heat transfer applications.


Map shows the major cities, "Dacotah" Territory, Washington Territory, Indian Territory, Pony Express and Overland Mail (Company) routes, New Mexico north and parallel to Arizona, Canada East and Canada West, and single state of Virginia. Shows lighthouses and military facilities on insets. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Scale [ca. 1:10,138,000].


Studies on the wettability and the bonding of Cu-Sn-Ti system (pure metals except for Ti, binary alloys and a ternary alloy) against sintered Al2O3 compacts were carried out. Results obtained were as follows:(1) Wettability of Cu, Sn pure metals, Cu-10%Sn and Cu-5%Ti binary alloys in vacuum (1.3×10-2-4.0×10-3 Pa) were unsatisfactory. On the other hand, Cu-10%Sn-5%Ti ternary alloy was comparatively wettable, where reaction layer corresponding to Ti3Al containing slight Cu and Sn was formed in the interface between brazing alloy and sintered Al2O3 compact. Sn-5%Ti binary alloy against sintered Al2O3 showed fairly excellent wettability, but did not form any reaction layer between them.(2) Bonding strength of sintered Al2O3 compacts brazed with Cu, Sn pure metals and Cu-10%Sn or Cu-5%Ti binary alloys had a tendency to decrease with increasing the degree of vacuum (or with decreasing oxygen partial pressure) of bonding atmosphere. Bonding strength of sintered Al2O3 compacts brazed with Sn-5%Ti and Cu-l0%Sn-5%Ti alloys which were good wettable to sintered Al2O3 were comparatively high, and those had a tendency to increase with raising bonding temperature.


In a digital x-ray source based on a field-emitted electron beam (e-beam), it is important to control the position and size of the focused e-beam at the anode surface, to achieve required performances. For this purpose, e-beam trajectory prediction is performed using a charged particle optical simulation in the geometries of the designed x-ray tube. In this study, to more accurately predict the e-beam trajectory inside a vacuum-sealed digital x-ray tube whose electrodes are insulated with a ceramic material, we newly introduce a ceramic surface charging (CSC) model into the e-beam trajectory simulation. The obtained e-beam characteristics with the CSC model have been compared with the experimental results, and we found that the proposed CSC model successfully led appropriate to calculation well matched with the experimental tendencies compared to the conventional model.


A new adaptive method is given in this paper to estimate the centroid of images caught by Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor after analyzing the reason of causing error. This method is based on the morphological filter, dynamic tracing of spot window, and iterative approximation algorithm. It is more accurate and adaptive than general methods. The experimental results show that the method is with strong anti- noise ability, and obviously improves the spot recognition rate and centroid detection accuracy, which effectively extends the applicability of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.


M.A. -- Faculty of Humanities, Notre Dame University, Louaize, 2019; "A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Educational Psychology"; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-63).


Having a first color policy and at least one storage controller operative to store data as the current part of the color of the main station to the first data storage unit in the main station, a second color - has a policy, and at least one storage controller operative to store data as part of the current color to the second data storage unit at the primary station, the integrity of dependent writes across color boundaries while maintaining, and a color control node operative to provide a new color information to each controller, the data storage system.


More than 40% of Chilean teachers leave the profession during the first years of their professional practice. Also, when considering environments of greater vulnerability in schools, this problem is exacerbated. In this context, this study proposes an approach to the permanence experiences of two beginning teachers who work in Chilean schools with high vulnerability rates. Based on an ecological approach of the teacher agency it was possible to enter into an understanding of such experiences in a multidimensional and integrated manner. The study uses a biographical narrative approach that puts the experience of permanence at the center of the analysis. Based on the narratives of Andrea and Ignacio, a continuous network of decisions is evidence that leads them to remain in their schools, which is not exempt from moments of discontinuity and questioning.


Identification of sources with complex directivities is attracting great attentions in aeroacoustic measurements these years. A multipole orthogonal beamforming algorithm was proposed to identify multipoles with arbitrarily oriented axes with no prior knowledge about source types. Independent sources were separated by the eigenvalue decomposition of the cross spectral matrix of signals measured by microphone arrays. The influence of source directivities on source imaging was eliminated by normalizing and squaring the eigenvectors. The delay-and-sum procedure was performed on each modified eigenvector to localize sound sources. The proposed algorithm was verified by simulations and experimental trials using a combination of a loudspeaker and an Aeolian tone dipole source. The accuracy of estimated source positions is improved and the resolution of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of deconvolution approaches.


US labor markets have experienced rising inequality over the past 30 years—as evidenced by an increased gap in wages earned by high-skill workers (e.g., college graduates) and low-skill workers (e.g., high school graduates). Empirical evidence documenting this evolution of inequality comes from studies that assess wage-education gradients at the national level. But of course people work in local labor markets that differ in important ways. We provide a theoretical framework for evaluating inequality changes when individuals work in local labor markets, and we give an empirical reassessment of inequality changes in light of the insights that emerge from our framework.


The informational suppressors su4‐1 and su8‐1 of Podospora anserina were isolated by transformation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe UGA mutants. The DNA sequence revealed that they were opal (UGA) suppressor tRNAs. Wild‐type alleles were also isolated by hybridization. The DNA sequence showed that they both encode species of tRNASerUGA. The gene SU8 has an 18‐bp intervening sequence and its primary sequence is very different from that of SU4.


The connotations and characteristics of green manufacturing for nuclear weapon were discussed under counter-nuclear test conditions.The essential of green manufacturing for nuclear weapon should be implemented via networked collaboration.Then key technologies of green manufacturing for nuclear weapon were put forward including networked collaborative design technology based on modeling technology for complex product and heterogeneous information integration,data mining and construction of special knowledge(data) base,business process reengineering technology,manufacturing process for special material and development of greenness evaluation system.A new idea for nuclear weapon design and manufacturing was put forward to face the challenges in present nuclear weapon manufacturing.


WHEN OUR DEPARTMENT decided to use student portfolios for assessing our major program and teaching performance we were in the process of revamping the sophomore level seminar in research methods required of our majors. In this article we will explain how our course and its portfolio development has come to represent a substantial portion of the data sought in the overall departmental assessment of the history program. We decided to restructure the course around the preparation of a research portfolio as a strategy to overcome students' tendency to evade the thoughtful analysis and reflection which are central to historical scholarship. Pressured by the demands of their jobs and social lives, they all too often regard an assignment not as a opportunity for intellectual growth but as a hurdle to overcome in a race for a satisfactory grade, so they throw an assignment together the night before it is due. Taking these realities of student culture into account, it was essential that we mold the course around a structure which basically forces such analytical and reflective modes of thought. The step-by-step, skill building approach provided by the cumulative process of preparing a portfolio met this challenge. By completing assignments which employ self-evaluation and peer evaluation, our students have no choice but to revise their work,


The cross sensitivity of a nitrate-selective electrode at the basis of quarternary ammonium salts towards several organic compounds was investigated. For measurements a on-line Titroanalyser was used. At a concentration ratio c(NO 3 -N)/c(organic compound) of 1/5 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorphenol, 3-nitro benzoic acid, benzoic acid and anionic detergents disturb the analysis of nitrate remarkable. At a ratio c/NO 3 -N)/c(organic compound) of 1/0.5 the disturbance is negligible


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients need continuous monitoring of bio-signals and regular hospital visit to improve health conditions. A portable health monitoring device can provide continuous monitoring of chronic diseases. In this paper, a low-cost health monitoring system is introduced to observe Electrocardiogram (ECG), body temperature and heart-beat. This research illustrates the use of android smartphone and Android applications to process and visualize the ECG signal, heart rate, and temperature. An android application is developed to monitor, store and share this biomedical signal data with an expert to get the fastest treatment. The system can also store the previous data to observe patient's history easily whenever necessary. The design strategy, experimental data with android apps, smartphone synchronization, real-time monitoring have been presented in this paper. The prototype can be utilized to control heart diseases for the people in the underdeveloped area.


The BR3 reactor was the first PWR plant installed in Europe. Started in 1962, BR3 was definitely shut down on June 30th , 1987. Used at the beginning of its life as a training device for commercial plant operators, it was also used during its whole life as test-reactor for new fuel types and assemblies. Most of the spent fuel was stored in the deactivation pool of the plant for more than 15 years. The reactor being now in decommissioning, it was decided to remove the spent fuel from the plant. After comparison of different solutions, the long term storage in dual purpose storage casks was selected in 1997. The selected CASTOR-BR3® cask is designed as a transport and storage cask for accommodating 30 spent fuel assemblies. As a type B(U) cask fitted with shock absorbers, it meets the transport requirements according to the IAEA guidelines and fulfils also the conditions for cask storage.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Despite the recent developments in graphene oxide due to its importance as a host precursor of graphene, the detailed electronic structure and its evolution during the thermal reduction remain largely unknown, hindering its potential applications. We show that a combination of high-resolution in situ X-ray photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopies offer a powerful approach to monitor the deoxygenation process and comprehensively evaluate the electronic structure of graphene oxide thin films at different stages of the thermal reduction process. It is established that the edge plane carboxyl groups are highly unstable, whereas carbonyl groups are more difficult to remove. The results consistently support the formation of phenol groups through reaction of basal plane epoxide groups with adjacent hydroxyl groups at moderate degrees of thermal activation (∼400 °C). The phenol groups are predominant over carbonyl groups and survive even at a temperature of 1000 °C. For the first time, a drastic increase...


The fifth chapter discusses the research and development (R&D) of Saudi Arabia. Most often, R&D activities are performed by professional organisations – for example, higher educational institutions and specialised research firms. However, Nurunnabi added that in order to build a new R&D ecosystem, it is mandatory to emphasise the two most important determinants – a focused Saudi-specific national agenda and a set of focused national research programmes. It is also essential that the KSA builds local R&D skills, leverages directed funding to R&D projects and smartly attracts the best minds from the globe. Overall, the KSA is planning to increase the number of its research facilities to build a steady-state R&D model, necessary for supporting Vision 2030. The sixth chapter of the book deals with economic transmission through entrepreneurship from a 2030 perspective. In this chapter, the authors address the association of business goals established by educational enterprises in society. The complexities of entrepreneurship goals are discussed with a detailed and intense debate. The seventh chapter argues that the structure of the entrepreneurial quest for the exploration of education strengths needs to be reassessed. This robust development would enable the students to examine and resolve disputes. The authors also believe that the incorporation of individual intellectual capabilities and systems organisational capabilities will increase development. Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 can be considered an applicable reference for students, analysts and management in interpreting the innovation and economic diversification ecosystem of Saudi Arabia. As the book indicates, the KSA can revolutionise and transfigure its oil-based economy to a knowledge-based economy through the research and entrepreneurial perspectives of the Vision 2030 and National Transformation Program 2020. This book provides a comprehensive and scientific description of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 with respect to its economic growth and development. Furthermore, it helps the researchers to examine how R&D can support a government in accomplishing its long-term goals by promoting a positive research culture in businesses. It enables the analysts to contemplate upon the present status on the ground along with new rules, regulations and changes in Saudi Arabia which incorporate institutional frameworks, ICT foundations and a robust developmental landscape that benefits the scholarly world, local people, private firms and the society at large. The writers also present a critical analysis of various frameworks proposed for the developmental projects. The book encourages researchers in other parts of the world to study and analyse the determined vision and mission of the KSA's change process from an assets-based economy towards an information-based nation by achieving impressive expansion and transition in all sectors.


Studies of naturally predator-naive adult birds (finches on predator-free islands) and birds experimentally hand reared in isolation from predators indicate that birds can recognise predators innat ...


Near-infrared spectroscopy and photometry of the Wolf‐Rayet star WR 143 (HD 195177) were obtained in the JHK photometric bands. High-resolution spectra observed in the J and H bands exhibit a narrow 1.083-µ mH eI line and the H I Paβ and Brackett series lines in emission superposed on the broad emission-line spectrum of the Wolf‐Rayet star, giving strong indications of the presence of a companion. From the narrow emission lines observed, the companion is identified to be an early-type Be star. The photometric magnitudes exhibit variations in the JHK bands, which are probably due to the variability of the companion star. The flux density distribution is too steep for a Wolf‐Rayet atmosphere. This is identified to be mainly due to the increasing contribution from the early-type companion star towards shorter wavelengths. Ke yw ords: binaries: spectroscopic ‐ stars: emission-line, Be ‐ stars: individual: WR 143 ‐ stars: winds, outflows ‐ stars: Wolf‐Rayet.


The article considers the problems of creating high-temperature electronic components for oil, gas, avia-tion and space industries. It also describes the ways to develop Intelligent Wells (IW) systems. Creation of domestic Intelligent Wells systems would solve not only an import substitution problem; it would also allow reducing the equip-ment cost significantly. Thus, the cost of electronically controlled valves near perforations of an Intelligent Wells could be reduced from several hundreds of thousands dollars to several tens of thousands. The space industry has similar problems. The price of Western space-related computer can reach half a million euros, and our domestic analogue can be 10 times cheaper. In addition to high radiation resistance, flights to deep space will require functioning in a wide temperature range. The paper considers basic SRISA chips for space applications with functioning temperature up to +125°C, as well as the ways to increase the temperature range. The paper also shows the possibility of creating high temperature chips based on them. To determine the possibility of using these chips in high temperature applications, there have been conducted some studies of the chips with the operation temperature 150C. The results showed that are at this temperature the operation frequency falls by 10% on average, increasing of power consumption is insignificant. This indicates that the stocks in the project and manufacturing technology are enough.


Objective: To test the statistical significance of the existing World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition for the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in areas where diagnostic resources are limited in India, and frame a prediction rule that is sensitive and specific for the clinical diagnosis of AIDS. Methodology and Results: In a case-load study, we evaluated the WHO clinical case definition of AIDS in 162 patients, the training set (58 seropositives) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. This definition had a sensitivity of about 29%, specificity of about 29%, positive predictive value of about 19% and negative predictive value of about 42%. We analyzed the clinical data of these 162 patients using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Generalized lymphadenopathy, oropharyngeal candidiasis, presumptive esophageal candidiasis, herpes zoster in the last 5 years and a total lymphocyte count of less than 1,000 ! 109/l emerged as important predictors. A prediction rule for the diagnosis of AIDS in the Indian context was then developed empirically using the coefficients of these predictors. We further tested the rule prospectively in 50 patients, the test set (11 seropositives) and found it to have a sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 97.4%, positive predictive value of 90%, and a negative predictive value of 95%. Conclusion: The WHO definition was not significant statistically for clinical use in India. The new prediction rule may help in AIDS surveillance in India. Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel D ow nl oa de d by : 54 .1 91 .4 0. 80 9 /1 6/ 20 17 4 :2 6: 00 P M WHO Case Definition and Prediction Rule for AIDS in India Med Principles Pract 2000;9:42–51 43 Introduction Studies of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have documented a wide spectrum of disease manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening conditions characterized by severe immunodeficiency, serious opportunistic infections and malignancies. The strong, and at times, nearly exclusive association of some of these conditions (individually or together) with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has frequently helped clinicians to identify previously unsuspected HIV infection. In April 1986, the first evidence of HIV infection in commercial sex-workers was reported from Madras in India [1]. Subsequent countrywide surveillance has shown its widespread prevalence throughout the country [2– 4]. Although HIV-1 is the predominant infecting agent there is evidence that HIV-2 may also be more prevalent than hitherto appreciated [5]. Various surveys in India have shown that the important population groups at risk for HIV infection are female commercial sex-workers, promiscuous heterosexuals, professional (paid) blood donors and the intravenous drug users (IVDU) in the three North Eastern states of Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland [6–8]. The need of a clinical case definition (CCD) for AIDS was felt by public health agencies to monitor diseases resulting from HIV infection. An ideal CCD should be sensitive, specific, simple, inexpensive, consistent over time to project future trends and consistent between nations to allow international comparisons. The World Health Organization (WHO) CCD [9], though simple and inexpensive, has not been evaluated in India. The 1993 revised Centers for Disease Control CCD [10] is impractical in India because the sophisticated investigations required for the confirmatory diagnosis of many opportunistic conditions are not freely available. Also, it has been suggested that the clinical spectrum of AIDS in tropical countries may be different from that in the developed nations [11]. The present study was undertaken with the objectives of evaluating the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the WHO CCD in patients suspected of AIDS and for developing a prediction rule based on simple criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS in subjects of unknown HIV status.


Recently released topline results from a phase Iib clinical trial of treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration show significantly greater improvement in visual acuity among patients receiving combination therapy with Fovista, an investigational aptamer directed against PDGF-B, plus anti-VEGF therapy compared with anti-VEGF therapy alone.


The objectives of this study were to classify the types of vegetation in Pinus densiflora for. erecta stands. The study sites were located at Sokwang-Ri, Mt. Chungok(1,276m), Uljin, Mt. Kumma (1,017m) and Mt. Eungbong(1,267m). Two hundred thirty releves were classified and explained by phytosociological analysis(the method of ZM schools), and the results were summarized as follows. Pinus densiflora for. erecta stands were classified into Vaccinium koreanum community, Rhododendron micranthum community, Quercus dentata community, Acer pseudosieboldianum community, and Typical community. Quercus dentata community was divided into Festuca ovina group, Robinia Pseudoacacia group, and Typical group, and Acer pseudosieboldianum community was divided into Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata group, Disporum smilacinum group, Magnolia sieboldii group, Carpinus laxiflora group, and Typical group, and Typical community was divided into Melampyrum roseum group and Typical group. And some groups were divided into 7 subgroups. Therefore, Pinus densiflora for. erecta stands had total of 16 vegetation units, out of those units, Vaccinium koreanum community distributed all over the studied areas. While Rhododendron micranthum community distributed mainly at Sokwang-Ri and Mt. Chungok. Therefore it was considered to be useful indicator in determining the range of afforestation and natural distribution of Pius densiflora for. erecta stands. The classified vegetation units were investigated by using of coincidence method. The results indicated that Quercus dentata community distributed mainly below 100 meters at the sea level, while other communities distributed above 350 meters at the sea level. According to the correlations between vegetation units and topography, Vaccinium koreanum and Rhododendron micranthum communities distributed mainly above middle slope areas, Quercus dentata community distributed mainly from lower slope to upper slope areas, Acer pseudosieboldianum community distributed mainly between valley and lower slope areas, and Typical community distributed mainly above upper slope areas. According to the correlations between vegetation units and 5 study areas, Quercus dentata community was distributed in the region of Uljin, and other communities were evenly distributed over other studied areas. According to the correlations between the units and aspects, all communities occurred all aspects, but most of the communities tended to be more distributed at south slopes than at north slopes, which meant that the relic stands of Pinus densiflora for. erecta were remained largely as patch phase status at south slopes.


This article investigates the significance and importance of transport and other service or nontransport (accommodation) infrastructure as important factors in the development of Cameroon as a future competitive eco/nature tourism destination. Based on the results of primary data collected in Cameroon, the article examines and sheds light on the evolution in Cameroon's service infrastructure since independence in 1960 with particular emphasis on the transport and accommodation infrastructure into and within Cameroon's natural parks, reserves, and other tourist attractions. Through an analysis of a tourist satisfaction survey, field observations, and discussions with tour operators, the article points out the sensitivity of tourists visiting the country to the service infrastructure especially with regards to the transport and accommodation infrastructure and how these services impacted on their general holiday experience and the image it portrays of Cameroon�an eco/nature tourism holiday destination. It also examines the current state of the transport system and infrastructure both into and within the country as well as its accommodation infrastructure, and in the process highlights shortcomings that are to be found in Cameroon's transport and other service infrastructure. The concluding section of the article proposes a way forward in alleviating some of the concerns raised after analyzing data from the survey, discussions, and field observation. Recommendations that should be taken into consideration by all stakeholders responsible for the conception, development, and implementation of policies dealing with transport, accommodation, and other service infrastructure to and within sites that attract tourists, nature lovers in particular, and Cameroon in general, thereby enhancing the image of the country as a favorable eco/nature tourism destination are proposed.


This comprehensive study of European logistics, undertaken by Andersen Consulting and the Cranfield School of Management's Centre for Logistics and Transportation on behalf of the Council of Logistics Management (CLM), presents a timely review of the logistics challenges and opportunities facing industries, individual firms and managers in the European marketplace. The publication is intended to provide practical guidance to those who must manage the complex, rapidly changing trade-offs involved in European logistics, today and into the next century. The objective of the research was to assemble the most important information and frame the most critical issues that logistics managers must address in designing and implementing strategic logistics systems in Europe during the 1990s. The focus is on the following: (1) Isolating and clarifying the most important events which are transforming logistics practices in Europe, and describing when and how they will be felt; (2) Identifying and documenting what firms have done, are doing, and should do to address the opportunities presented by these changes; (3) Identifying barriers and obstacles (both internal and external) to achieving "best logistics practices" in the European market; (4) Assessing the relationship between firms' European logistics operations and their globalization strategies; and (5) Developing and presenting a strategic planning framework for logistics managers to use in developing European logistics strategies for their firms. The publication is organized into three main sections: (I) Forces Driving Change; (II) Logistics Responses in the New Europe; and (III) European Logistics Strategy Framework. Section I chapters (3-9) address the European political and business environment, the European transportation infrastructure, liberalization and standardization in European transport, third-party logistics service providers, information technology and other technological change, eco-logistics, and expectations for logistics in the New Europe. Section II chapters (10-17) focus on the retail industry, the fast-moving consumer goods industry, the consumer durables industry, the business equipment industry, the healthcare products industry, the chemicals industry, the automotive industry, and New Europe trends and implications. Section III chapters (18-20) address global logistics, the framework for European logistics planning, and the framework for managing change.


It was aimed to evaluate the effect of insect damage on the morphologic and structural characteristics and chemical composition from maize hybrids DKB 390 and AG 8088 with the Cry 1Ab trait versus its nonbiotech counterpart. The GMO did not receive insecticide application and the conventional hybrids received one deltametrina (2.8%) application at 42 days. The damages caused by Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea in hybrids with Cry 1Ab were smaller than its nonbiotech counterpart. After harvest, 95 days after seedling plants were separated in stalks, ears, leafs, dead leafs and floral pennant. The experimental design was randomized block in factorial arrangement 2 x 2. The height of plant and height of ear, percentage and amount of dead leafs from hybrids with the Cry 1Ab were higher than its nonbiotech counterpart. There was higher nutrients transfer from stalks to grain filling and smaller rate stalks:ear on transgenic plant. The quality of the transgenic plants can be better when harvest earlier, by increasing no fiber carbohydrates, but when harvest latter, by increasing stalk percentage and stalk lignin content.


Previous results on the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and strokes are mixed. Most studies derived the eGFR from serum creatinine, which is affected by non-kidney determinants and possibly has biased the association with stroke risks. We hypothesized that eGFR was independently associated with the risk of stroke in the general population. Herein, we investigated the linear and nonlinear associations of the cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) with the risk of total stroke and its subtypes in the UK Biobank participants.

 In this cohort study, we included 462,307 UK Biobank participants (94.5% Whites, 54% women, aged 56±8 years) free of stroke at enrollment. The eGFRcys and eGFRcr were calculated with serum cystatin C and creatinine, respectively. Outcomes of interest were the incidences of total stroke and subtypes. We investigated the linear and nonlinear associations using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines, corrected for regression dilution bias.

 During averaged follow-up of 10.11 years, 4,427 incident strokes occurred, among which 3,447 were ischemic and 1,163 were hemorrhagic. After adjustment of confounders, the regression dilution-corrected hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for every 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrement in eGFRcys were 1.10 (1.06-1.12) for total stroke and 1.11 (1.08-1.15) for ischemic stroke. A similar pattern was observed with eGFRcr although the association was weaker. When either eGFR was below 75 ml/min/1.73 m2, the risks of total and ischemic stroke increased exponentially as eGFR decreased. However, when eGFRcys was above 75 ml/min/1.73 m2, the risks did not significantly differ but seemingly decreased as eGFRcys exceeded 105 ml/min/1.73 m2. A U-shape relationship was witnessed if eGFRcr was used instead. There was null association between eGFR and hemorrhagic stroke.

 The risks of total stroke and ischemic stroke increased exponentially when the eGFR fell below 75 ml/min/1.73 m2.


: Our goal is to develop visual pre-training strategies that enable more 1 robust and efficient manipulation policy learning. We find that a Vision Trans- 2 former trained with a distillation loss that biases representations towards shape 3 exhibits strong zero-shot transfer performance on the kitchen shift suite, even 4 when compared to baselines trained on larger and more task-relevant datasets. 5 When finetuned, the attention heads of a transformer trained with a shape bias can 6 be visualized as a spatial feature map, which emergently segments manipulation- 7 relevant objects in an image. By leveraging each of these insights, we are able to 8 improve the average zero-shot performance of policies trained on the sliding door 9 task within the FrankaKitchen environment by nearly 2x compared to the next best 10 method. Additionally, we are able to improve maximum success in distribution by 11 13% by masking out attention heads that attend to distractors. 12


Proceedings of presentations of national activities to the 23rd meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Nancy, France, October 8-10, 2007. 4 keywords, Norwegian 4 keywords, English 1. Overvåkning 1. Monitoring 2. Ferskvann 2. Surface waters 3. Forsuring 3. Acidification 4. Internasjonalt sammarbeid 4. International cooperation Heleen de Wit Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Monsen Jarle Nygard Project manager Research manager Strategy Director ISBN 978-82-577-5302-3 CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME ON ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF ACIDIFICATION OF RIVERS AND LAKES Proceedings of the 23 meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Nancy, France, October 8 10, 2007 Prepared at the ICP Waters Programme Centre Norwegian Institute for Water Research Oslo, February 2008 ICP Waters report 92/2008


High purity TeO2 crystals are produced to be used for the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Te. Dedicated production lines for raw material synthesis, crystal growth, and surface processing ancillaries, and intermediary products used for TeO2 crystals production are reported. Indications are given on the crystals perfection and how it is achieved and maintained in a large scale production process. Production and certification protocols are presented and resulting ready-to-use TeO2 crystals are described. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Objective To analyze the prevention and treatment effect of bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets used in advance in pneumonia with secondary diarrhea.Methods 182 Cases of pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups:the preventive group with 92 cases and the control group with 90 cases.Both groups accepted same routine treatment,with the preventive group having bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets for 7 days.Results In the preventive group,the ratio of diarrhea during treatment was 29.34 % (27/92),while the ratio of control group was 45.55 % (41/90).The difference between two groups had statistic significance (P0.05).Two groups hasn′t severe diarrhea.Conclusion Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets used in advance can decrease the incidence of secondary diarrhea on prevention.


This research aims to identify the impact of financing contracts on the risks confronted by Islamic banks measured by Non-Performing Financing (NPF). The data indicate that the value of NPF tends to annually increase along with a value close to the maximum limit set by Bank Indonesia (BI). The data of this study utilized secondary data in the form of monthly time series data in the period of January 2014 to December 2017 and cross-section data from the two types of Islamic Banking (Bank Usaha Syariah and Unit Usaha Syariah). The result indicates that the financing scheme which is based on the empirical scheme of profit-sharing schemes is proven to increase financing risk.


We present BV photometry of four Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy globular clusters: Arp 2, NGC 5634, Palomar 12 and Terzan 8, obtained with the Danish Telescope at ESO La Silla. We measure the structural parameters of the clusters using a King profile fitting, obtaining the first reliable measurements of the tidal radius of Arp 2 and Terzan 8. These two clusters are remarkably extended and with low concentrations, with a concentration of only c=0.41+/-0.02, Terzan 8 is less concentrated than any cluster in our Galaxy.


The work presents the results of long radiometric measurements of the atmosphere in the city of Chita during the winter period at a frequency of 34 GHz. The power of thermal radiation was also recorded in the thermal infrared range (7…14 μm). Simultaneously with the readings of the brightness and radiation temperature, meteorological parameters of the atmospheric ground level layer and illumination were recorded. As a result, an increase in the value of the radiation temperature in the IR range by 20 K and up to 1 K at a frequency of 34 GHz was detected during the freezing of fog at an ambient air temperature in the surface layer of -25 °C. In addition, variations in atmospheric thermal radiation were detected during cloudiness and pollution with soot aerosol particles


It is shown that there exists a localized excited state in the energy gap in a superconductor with a classical spin. At finite concentration localized excited states around classical spins form an "impurity band". The process of growth of the "impurity band" and its effects on observable quantities are investigated. § I. Introduction Since the monumental paper by Abrikosov and Gorkov 1 ) many works have been done experimentally and theoretically concerning the thermodynamic and transport properties of superconductors with small amount of paramagnetic impUrItIes. Recently several authors 2 ),3) have been interested in whe'ther loca lized excited states in the energy gap exist in a superconductor with a paramag netic impurity or not. As is well known, a paramagnetic impurity in a normal metal or a superconductor brings about the so-called Kondo effect 4 ) (a kind of quantum mechanical effects of spins) and this makes complete solutions of the problem quite difficult. In this paper we restrict our discussions to the classical spins in supercon ductors. In the s~d interaction between conduction electrons and a localized spin


In this article, I describe the reasons to study in the social work field, the learning experience I had in my social work program, and some difficulties and disappointments I encountered in the process. Overall, I did receive sufficient academic and practice training about what social work values or skills are, and received emotional support in an open and friendly learning environment. However, being a gay social work student in Taiwan, the lack of academic courses in my areas of special interest, and my personal coming‐out experiences in my school make me reflect on the problems of the lack of training in specific issues in social work education.


tion, that trained most American engineers in the early nineteenth century. These army engineers designed the roads, canals, and harbors that spurred economic expansion in the East and facilitated settlement in the West. Some of these engineers later left the military for private industry and became key figures in the design and construction of railroads. Adler details how three army bureaucracies, which became redoubts of technical expertise, were largely responsible for this essential infrastructure: the Corps of Engineers, the Topographical Bureau, and the Ordnance Department. The Corps of Engineers managed the construction of canals and bridges, while the Topographical Bureau surveyed vast lands in the West. Its maps plotted the locations for future settlements and identified the mineral resources to be exploited by these new arrivals. Some of the so-called topogs even became famous for their efforts to open new lands for settlement. For example, John C. Frémont's detailed surveys inspired Brigham Young to bring his followers to Utah. Others followed Frémont's maps to the Pacific Northwest along a popular route that became known as the Oregon Trail. It wasn't only in the periphery that the army contributed to economic development. Army experts also stimulated early American industry. As Adler shows, the leaders of the Ordnance Department began to exercise tight control over arms manufacturing after supply problems during the War of 1812. Their innovations included the use of interchangeable parts in armories, an idea that later contributed to the development of the Colt revolver. This book also investigates the political control of these highly capable engineering agencies. In doing so, Adler offers a critique of Daniel Carpenter's (The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy, 2001) characterization of early American bureaucracy as a "clerical state." By contrast, Adler argues that the army showed evidence of "conditional autonomy," which he describes "as existing when the principal is either ignorant of or chooses not to become involved in agent actions" (p. 114). Political control of the army was often tenuous, particularly in the periphery. To be sure, this was mainly due to communication difficulties that required army officers to make decisions without authorization from Washington. But in some cases, officers simply took advantage of this situation to further their own agendas, such as when Andrew Jackson seized Florida in 1818, forcing the Monroe administration to negotiate its transfer to the United States. Jackson's actions notwithstanding, the army's autonomy was rarely due to officers going rogue. Rather, Adler argues, it came from the expertise, reputation, and the long tenure of key figures, especially the engineers and topographers. Chief among them was John J. Abert, who served as the chief topographical engineer from 1829 to 1861. During his time in office, Abert fought for greater independence from the Corps of Engineers, and he convinced the Secretary ofWar to give the bureau independent status in theWarDepartment in 1831. Yet this autonomy, Adler shows, was conditional on the topographical bureau's ability to remain studiously apolitical. After Abert backed a southern route for the transpacific railroad, the topographical corps was drawn into a sectional battle that cost it the support of key members of Congress. Any scholar of APD, institutional development, or military history will benefit from a close reading of Engineering Expansion. Students, in particular, will find Adler's book to be an excellent guide to current scholarly debates in APD. Although many questions remain about the army's role in early America, Adler's concise volume should inspire further studies of this long-neglected institution of American state building. As Adler demonstrates so persuasively in this fine book, it is time for APD to bring the military back in.


We study the lower-bounded facility location problem with penalties (LBFLP) and the soft-capacity LBFLP.For the LBFLP,we present an updated bicriteria approximation algorithm which maintains the same performance factor((1+α)/(1-α))ρas that for the problem without penalties in Hierarchical placement and network design problems (Guha S,Meyerson A,Munagala K.Hierarchical placement and network design problems [C]//Proceedings of Foundations of Computer Science,2000:892328,DOI:10.1109/SFCS. 2000.892328) and Building steiner trees with incomplete global knowledge(Karger D R,Minkoff M.Building steiner trees with incomplete global knowledge[C]//Proceedings of Foundations of Computer Science,2000:892329,DOI:10.1109/SFCS.2000.892329). We further extend this result to the soft-capacitated LBFLP and achieve a performance factor twice as much as that for LBFLP.


This article deals with the problems of execution of judicial acts on bringing persons controlling the debtor to subsidiary liability in a bankruptcy case. The conducted research indicate the need for improvement of the enforcement of the law. The author comes to the conclusion that the effectiveness of restoring the violated rights of creditors by bringing to subsidiary responsibility the persons controlling the debtor can be realized by ensuring the enforcement of the relevant judicial act.


The B-POS (Bluetooth Point of Sale) is the prototype of a secure, mobile macropayment system. Since heterogeneous wireless network technologies such as PANs, LANs, and WANs have wellknown security weaknesses, it is mandatory to enforce security services, such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. This article describes a Java-based macropayment system prototype featuring security and independence from an e-money third party acting as an intermediary. This system can rely on the existing financial network infrastructure (e.g., credit card, ATM networks). bAcKGrOUND


The partially linear multiplicative regression model is considered in this paper. This model, which becomes partially linear regression model after taking logarithmic transformation, is useful in analyzing data with positive responses. ? mentioned that in many practical applications the size of relative error, rather than that of error itself, is the central concern of the practitioners. First, we extend the criterion of least absolute relative error (LARE) to the partially linear multiplicative regression model by local smoothing techniques. The consistency and asymptotic normality are investigated. We also utilize random weighting method to estimate asymptotic covariance of the parameter estimator. Secondly, we propose an interesting, simple and efiective variable selection method to select important variables in linear part. The oracle property (?) is proved. Some numerical studies are conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed estimators. The body fat dataset is analyzed for illustration.


Transmissive light-scattering sheet (the light-scattering sheet of permeable type) of the present invention comprises a plurality of layers having a structure consisting of a plurality of performance in the polymer, respectively. Each of the layers are different from each other the average period size of the performances in the structure. Sheet, for example, performing in structure of the first layer and performing in structure having a (e.g., the average period size of the performances in structure from 1.5 to 4 ㎛) (for example, the average period size of the performances in structure of the first It may include a second layer having a greater more than 0.5 to 8 ㎛ layer). In the sheet, the first layer can be adjacent to the second layer. The ratio of the period size of the first layer and the second layer may be the first layer / second layer = 1.3 / 1 to 4/1. The thickness ratio of the first layer and the second layer may be the first layer / second layer = 1/1 to 10/1. These sheets can give a direction to the reflected light. Light-scattering sheet, liquid crystal display device, reflected light, diffused light, performing in structure, and the average period size.


Chromium boride has been obtained by salt-bath boriding on chromium electroplated 45 carbon steel. The phase of the boronized layer was analyzed by microscope, XRD and EPMA. The results show that the boronized layer has multi-layer phase structure of CrB_2 and CrB. To obtain better layer, the boronizing process is controlled at 900~1000℃ for 4~6h.


This article studied the influence on the survival and growth of seedling matrix and the grouth of transplanting matrix to the colored Zantedeschia tube seedling. The results indicated that the pearlite had high rates for the survival and growth of matrix test tube seedling.The humus was 1∶1. in the matrix of the soil.The growth of transplanting seedling was quick.


The oxygen partial pressure in the cathode channel is a crucial parameter for the output performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However during the fuel cell operation, the oxygen partial pressure can not be measured by the transducer. In this paper, an observer is proposed to estimated the oxygen and nitrogen partial pressure in the cathode channel of PEMFC. Firstly, a model of the air supply system which include the oxygen and nitrogen dynamics is developed. In further analysis of the model, an intermediate variable is designed to transform the original nonlinear observer design problem into a linear observer design problem. The stability of the observer is analyzed through Lyapunov based method. The effectiveness of the proposed observer is proved based on the simulation results.


The paper focuses on showing variability of knowledge and demand for organic food in two regions of Poland, i.e. Świętokrzyskie and Mazovian provinces. The selected for detailed investigations Polish regions differed in society wealth. Mazovia province with capitol (Warsaw) is reach as opposed to Świętokrzyskie – mountain province with dominance of more difficult conditions for comfort and affluent life. Basing on questionnaire the group of respondents' attitude towards organic food was recognized and compared. The problems included in the questionnaire there were factors influencing the organic food buying, factors which influence about the resignation of organic food buying, the availability of information about organic food, availability of organic food in selected regions, requirements for organic food, most frequently purchased organic products, place where consumers buy organic food, consumption frequency of organic food, factors influencing the choice of organic food. The comparison of two provinces indicated differences within the meaning of organic food as well as autonomy in consumer behaviour. Polish society is characterized by a growing interest in organic food. The production industrialization and mass food processing causes people to look for some alternatives. Organic farming gives people that chance. In the conclusions, we have formulated a term mean that due to the consumption of organic products – 'we are what we eat'.


Two classic circular waveguides met in the design of nonreciprocal Faraday rotation devices and waveguide junction circulators are the gyromagnetic ones with electric and magnetic walls. The purpose of this letter is to present some polynomial representations of the split-phase constants in the gyrotropy of each problem region and to compare the opening between the split branches for the two situations. A polynomial representation of the cutoff space of the lower split branch of the magnetic wall problem region is separately computed.


In order to achieve the optimal control on permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),a kind of con-troller based on the digital signal processor(DSP) is designed.Some modules of the controller are analyzed and opti-mized which have great influence on motor operating precision.Commissioning the hardware and software of this sys-tem by voltage space vector pulse modulation(SVPWM).Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed controller,which can satisfy the PMSM control requirements for high performance.


Comprehensive Traffic Information platform(CTIP) is the core and information hinge of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The CTIP provides accurate, real-time and reliable traffic information services for public, government and enterprises. According to the classification of traffic information supplier and demander, we analyze the information supply from the viewpoint of information supply department, information supply content and information supply approach, and analyze the information demand from the viewpoint of information type, information demand content, publishing approach and supplier number. By comparing the information supply and demand of CTIP, find the shortages of traffic information supply.


The invention relates to an emulsifying agent and in particular relates to a food emulsifying agent. The food emulsifying agent comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of propylene glycol monoester, 30-40 parts of fatty acid monoglyceride, 5-10 parts of citric acid and 5-10 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester. The invention aims to provide a food emulsifying agent which is low in production cost and ideal in effect.


This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted to assess the presence of muscle dysmorphia (MD) and a drive for muscularity (DFM) in 1,039 personal trainers using the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Muscle dysmorphia is considered a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder that can be exacerbated by an intense DFM, which may in turn lead to negative psychobehavioral outcomes. Because personal trainers are an unresearched population with regard to these 2 constructs, a multidisciplinary framework was used to ground the present research study. Independent variables were structured using a biopsychosocial foundation where the biological dimension was operationalized through the Body Comparison Scale, the psychological dimension through the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the social dimension through the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire4. Kendall's tau-b revealed that general appearance concerns, muscle concerns, and somatic features were positively related to both MD and a DFM. A DFM and MD were significantly, positively correlated with internalization of thin ideals, muscular/athletic ideals, family and peer pressures, but not media pressures. All psychological variables were significantly, positively related to MD and a DFM. The DMS was able to significantly predict scores on the MDI using hierarchal multiple regression. Trainers who displayed MD and DFM symptoms did so with little disparity between the sexes. Trainers are in a unique position of instruction as well as guidance, and therefore a better understanding of how MD presents in this specific fitness arena may impact not only personal trainers, but also their clients through increased body image disturbance awareness as well as provide a new population of interest for future MD research. Examining Biopsychosocial Factors in the Drive for Muscularity and Muscle Dysmorphia Among Personal Trainers by Beau James Diehl MS, Walden University, 2011 BS, Upper Iowa University, 2010 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy General Teaching Psychology Walden University August 2015 Dedication I would like to dedicate this work to my parents, family, and friends who have displayed unconditional support. Thank you Max and Annie. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge Drs. Olivardia, Baghurst, Thompson, Lantz, and McCreary and Mr. Mark Suffolk for their communications, support, and best wishes. Their expertise in and commitment to male body image are both evident and admired. The first and greatest victory is to conquer yourself; to be conquered by yourself is of all things most shameful and vile. Plato


We report a method based on electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to determine solution association constants (KA) for complexes between glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin and ristocetin) and several peptide ligands. The measured KA values are in good agreement with previously reported values obtained by standard spectroscopic titration techniques. The pH stability of the ristocetin−diacetyl-l-lysyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine complex was investigated by ESI mass spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The two methods produce very similar results, demonstrating that the ESI mass spectra reflect the pH stability of the complex. In solution, the antibiotics bind stereospecifically to peptides containing a C-terminal d-Ala-d-Ala sequence, whereas no complex formation is observed with peptides containing the l-Ala-l-Ala stereoisomer. To investigate whether electrospray ionization is able to reflect the structurally specific interaction between antibiotics and d-Ala-d-Ala peptide ligands, an ...


Baghouse performance has been shown to be dependent on both the chemical and physical properties of the ash. Small amounts of ammonia and sulfur trioxide were added to the flue gas as conditioning agents to modify ash characteristics and reduce fine particulate emissions from a pilot-scale coal combustion/baghouse system. Tests were made with three western low-rank coals which produce difficult to collect fly ash. Total particulate emissions over several cleaning cycles were substantially reduced and fine particulate emissions were reduced up to four orders of magnitude between the cycles. With conditioning baghouse pressure drop increased at a slower rate and reached a lower operating pressure drop after several cleaning cycles. Ash samples were analyzed to determine physical and chemical changes due to ammonia and sulfur trioxide addition. Several ammonia-sulfur compounds were found indicating a complex chemical mechanism. Changes in the fly ash particle size distribution and bulk ash cohesiveness may help explain the physical mechanism by which both pressure drop and particulate emissions are reduced. 14 refs., 7 figs., 4 tab.s


Abstract Experimental results have been obtained for the density and electrical resistivity of liquid mercury as functions of the independent variables temperature (20°c–1000°c) and pressure (0–1000 bars). Basic equipment for both measurements consisted of a steel vessel containing an internal electrical resistance furnace and pressurized with argon gas. The equation of state was determined with an accuracy of about ±1/4% using Archimedes' method by employing a series of totally immersed radioactive sinkers whose rise or fall in the mercury was detected with a γ-ray counter external to the pressure vessel. The electrical resistivity was measured with an accuracy of about ±1/2% using a four-lead resistance cell fabricated in fused silica. The two measurements have also been combined to give electrical resistivity at constant volume.


Preparative-scale horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of mesoexo- and endo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane diols provides a direct one-step route to enantiomerically pure chiral γ-lactones of the oxabicyclic series.


Primary nocturnal enuresis is a common behavioral problem among children.This study was descriptive of 32 children with enuresis in the Behavioral Pediatric Clinic at Chiang Mai University Hospital.The purpose of the study was to review characteristics of the children,their families,and outcome of the treatment.The results revealed that enuresis was 8.29% of the patients in the clinic.The average age was 9.97± 2.54 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.3 to 1.Comorbid diagonsis was found in 9 cases (28.8%). which did not contribute to the symptoms of enuresis.A method the family commonly used prior to that of the clinic was waking up their child at night to go to the toilet.Clinical treatment consisted of general counseling for the children and families,motivation encouragement,and behavioral modification by using a star chart and reward system.Medication was considered as an adjunct therapy.There were 19 cases (59.45) who had remission or improvement.Family concern and the child's motivation were a significant determination of the outcome of treamtment. Chiang Mai Med Bull 2003;42(1):1-6. Keywords : enuresis,outcome


The cardinal features of Moebius Syndrome (MS) are congenital palsies of the facial and abducens nerves. (3,4). Various authors have described additional features including affection of other motor cranial nerves, neurosensory hearing-loss, dysfunction of autonomous nerves and a variety of malformations (1, 2, 5). The etiology of MS is unknown. About 10 families with more or less characteristic features of the syndrome have been reported (among these ref. 1). The pattern of transmission remains obscure. This study is concerned with a family in some respects different from what has been described previously. Our investigation was initiated by the admittance of a newborn boy with a classic MS. When his maternal uncle presented himself with a partial left side facial palsy, a closer genetic examination of the family was prompted. In a number of family members a partial unilateral lower facial paresis was observed. The familiar predisposition could be traced back through 4 generations to a common ancestor, who died 25 years ago. We do not know whether he had a facial palsy himself, but he married two unrelated women, and in both marriages he bred offspring who carried the trait. I t was possible to establish a pedigree of his descendants comprising 60 persons in 5 generations. In 44 a neurological examination was performed. Only one case of a classic MS was found but in 9 persons an incomplete facial palsy was present. Besides affection of the 7th nerve other neurological abnormalities were discovered, especially so in a young woman, who was the mother of two children with facial palsy. She had no palsy herself but instead of this an affection of the 8th nerves with a symmetric bilateral hearing loss of 80 decibel a t frequences above 2000 Herz. In addition she suffered from complete anhidrosis, a complaint she had in common with 6 other members of the family. Ultimately still another feature of MS was observed in a young man, who had a marked tower skull. Heredity in MS is not unique but this family is remarkable for two reasons. Firstly by the way the mode of transmission is clarified due to the two marriages of the first ancestor, and secondly by the scattering of solitary symptoms among a t least 15 affected persons. Our findings demonstrate an irregular dominant inheritance of partial features of an old established syndrome.


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 This paper constructs a theory model in order to study point of strength for knowledge management process during implementation process of Quality Management System (QMS). Model presents interaction of internal and external partecipants during the process of implementation of Quality management system including partecipant's individual caracteristics, cultural burden, business ethics ecc. Knowledge management include need for education and achievement, risk propensity and locus of control; innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness.


The paper discusses the similarities end interpenetration of both essays and news reports in style, thinking and writing,etc, which embody the requirements of the time and the style development.


The unconventional computing is a quest for new concepts, paradigms, architectures and implementations of computing devices that we were unaware before (as biochemical gates) or well forgotten (as analog computers). This Special Issue brings up reviews written by world leading experts in future and emergent computing. Topics discussed include mechanics of computation, analog computing, reversible machines, hyper-computation, intra-cellular synapses, enzymatic logical gates, microbial computing and Belousov-Zhabotinsky circuits. Susan Stepney is a renowned expert in complexity, computation, physics and programming. In her paper, "Local and global models of physics and computation", she shifts the meaning of computation onto a physical level and analyses a process of computation in terms of Newtonian and Lagrangian mechanics. Bruce MacLennan is amongst father figures in emergent computation. In his paper, "The Promise of Analog Computation", he demonstrates that analog computing operations are ubiquitous and unfolds a new perspective in future development of analog computers. He argues that "the contentious issue of the computational power of analog computers is addressed best on its own terms, rather by asking it within the context of Church-Turing computation, which distorts the relevant questions and their answers". Kenichi Morita is one of the world's leading researchers in reversible and universal computation in cellular automata, grammars and Turing machines. His paper, "Reversibility in Space-Bounded Computation", demonstrates the high computational potential of the reversible deterministic Turing machines by proving that these machines are capable for simulating irreversible deterministic and reversible non-deterministic Turing machines. Mike Stannet is an expert in computation and space-time structures, hyper-computation, universality and automata. His paper, "Testing and Verification of Unconventional Computations using Generalised X-Machines", discusses how X-machines, an automata-like generalized models of computation can be used as models of future and emergent computing devices. Stannet exemplifies applications of X-machines in cosmological hyper-computation and multiply accelerated membrane systems. The research laboratory led by Evgeny Katz transforms unconventional computing from a purely theoretical field to a vibrant experimental area where concepts of unorthodox information processing and decision-making can be realized with biomolecules and, potentially, applied to personal illness treatment. In their paper, "Biochemical Flip-Flop Memory Systems – Essential Additions to Autonomous Biocomputing and Biosensing Systems", Kevin MacVittie and Evgeny Katz show how memory systems can be integrated into biochemical information computing devices. František Baluška and Stefano Mancuso are leaders in plant neurobiology and physiology, ethology of root plants and phytobionics. Their paper, "Synaptic View of Eukaryotic Cell", expands a classical neuronal synaptic concept to intra-cellular synapses. Their paradigms could be used in the designs of future living computers and nanofactories of intra-cellular assembly of functional devices.


Iron oxide catalysts supported on magnesium oxide have been prepared by impregnation of a preshaped magnesium oxide support to incipient wetness with poorly crystallizing organometallic complexes. As organometallic complexes ammonium iron(III) citrate and ammonium iron(III) EDTA have been used. After impregnation the iron has appeared to be homogeneously distributed throughout the magnesium oxide support bodies. Upon calcination in air, the precursors decompose to form magnesium ferrite at temperatures as low as ca. 800 K. Calcination in air at 973 K results in the formation of small MgFe2O4 crystallites with a typical size of ca. 200 A, as determined by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy.


are determinants for success in individual fitness. Interspecific interactions among species can potentially benefit the individual by reducing the probability of predation, increasing reproductive success, and facilitating thermoand hydro-regulation (Krause and Ruxton, 2002). Although reptiles have been stereotyped as solitary and, in some cases, territorial animals, there are many studies that report on gatherings (Graves and Duvall; 1995; Giles et al., 2009; Davis et al., 2011; Clark et al., 2012). In the case of snakes, intra and interspecific aggregations have been mostly associated with reproductive and thermoregulatory events (Huey et al., 1989; Gregory, 2004; Amarello, 2012; Amarello and Smith, 2012; Clark et al., 2012, Meek, 2014). On October 14, 2017, at 0910 h, we recorded an aggregation of 16 adult Thamnophis scaliger Jan, 1863; one adult T. eques Reuss, 1834 (Colubridae), and one adult Crotalus polystictus Cope, 1865 (Viperidae), all under the same shelter. They were in an abandoned construction field near an agricultural area in Atlacomulco, State of Mexico (19° 46'05 "N, 99° 51'10" W, elevation 2524 m) and were grouped under a 46 x 47 cm concrete block (Fig. 1). We recorded temperature and humidity immediately after capturing the snakes. At two cm above the ground near the concrete block, ambient air temperature was 14.7 °C and humidity was 82.6%. At ground level (two cm above ground) where the snakes had been aggregated, the temperature was 15.7 °C and humidity was 88%. We recorded morphometric data for all 18 individuals aggregated under the concrete block (Table 1). On the same day and in the same area, we captured and measured another 26 T. scaliger snakes that were by themselves under other shelters. We founded that sizes of aggregated snakes were larger than snakes found individually (Fig. 2, t-Student t39 = 2.73, p = 0.009). Aggregations of snakes under the same shelter do not correspond to a random event, and can be explained by physiological demands, such as gravidity or digestion (Burghardt, 1983; Ford and Holland, 1990; Gregory, 2004), or those involved in intraand interspecific chemical communication such as mate searching or in predator-prey interactions as an anti-predatory shelter Herpetology Notes, volume 12: 327-329 (2019) (published online on 23 March 2019)


MALAT1 is a long non-coding RNA with oncogenic roles in cancer but poorly studied in indolent B-cell neoplasms. Here, MALAT1 expression was analyzed using RNA-seq, microarrays or qRT-PCR in primary samples from various clinico-biological subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n=266) and follicular lymphoma (FL, n=61). In peripheral blood (PB) CLL samples, high MALAT1 expression was associated with a significantly shorter time to treatment, independently from other known prognostic factors, such as IGHV mutational status. Coding genes whose expression levels were associated with MALAT1 in CLL were predominantly related to oncogenic pathways stimulated in the lymph node (LN) microenvironment. Further analysis of MALAT1 expression by microarrays in paired CLL samples from PB/LN showed that its levels were maintained between both anatomical compartments, supporting that the clinical value of MALAT1 expression found in PB is mirroring expression differences already present in LN. Similarly, high MALAT1 expression in FL predicted for a shorter progression-free survival, and its correlated expressed genes were associated with pathways promoting FL pathogenesis. In summary, MALAT1 expression is related to pathophysiology and clinical behavior of indolent B-cell neoplasms. Particularly in CLL its levels could be a surrogate marker of the microenvironment stimulation and may contribute to refine the clinical management of these patients.


In distribution system, to enhance the reliability of a HIF (High Impedance Fault) determination, it is very important to obtain the HIF model which can represent accurately the HIF' characteristics. Accordingly, in this paper, the several HIF models which are based on the arc models are reviewed, and then the characteristics of the HIF models are compared from the reviewed results. Finally, a Methodology implementing the arc model is studied based on the direct integration method.


The mother of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Princess Mother Sangwan, was the royal patron of the Thai Border Patrol Police (BPP) and an ardent supporter of its Cold War era civic action programmes. This article surveys the special relationship between the Princess Mother and the BPP and their development of royal projects among the highland minorities in northern Thailand to illuminate the implications of this collaboration for the spread of royalist nationalism and the evolving role of the monarchy from the 1960s to the present.


Business Intelligence(BI) technologies are trying to help people understand the data much faster, so that they can decide better and faster and eventually make a move forward towards the accomplishment of the objectives of the business. The key goals which are behind BI objectives are the growth of organizational efficiency and output.We will deal with two aspects concerning the diminution of time to obtain the reports of analysis this thing results from an analysis done in some Romanian companies which have implemented BI solutions.the effective accomplishment of the reports of analysis concerning the evolution in different periods of time (daily, weekly, monthly, annually, etc) of some economical indicators useful in the management of sales.


In the article, the author refers to the EU Commission's proposals on promoting legal migration channels to Europe as one of the objectives of the Migration and Asylum Pact. It is emphasized that the Coronavirus pandemic has revealed a shortage of qualified specialists in key areas of the EU economy, both at present and in the future. Two approaches of the Commission are analyzed – the revision of the legal framework for labor migration and the development of new tools for cooperation with the countries of migrants' origin – «Talent Partnerships» and «Talent Pool». Particular attention is paid to the interinstitutional negotiations on the Blue Card Directive and the resulting compromise. The author recalls that the «Talent Partnerships» initiative was previously implemented in the EU in the form of «pilot projects», but had only a pinpoint impact on the emigration from the partner countries. The reasons for the expected failure of the «Talent Partnerships» are given – reluctance of the most Member States to conclude bilateral agreements with the countries of migrants' origin and lack of the partner countries' enthusiasm to support the «brain


A unique DNA aptamer, denoted MSA52, displays universally high affinity for the spike proteins of the wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as its Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Kappa, Delta and Omicron variants. This aptamer also recognizes pseudotyped lentiviruses expressing eight different spike proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 with very high affinity, exhibiting dissociation constants (K d) of 20–50 pM for these viruses. More information can be found in the Research Article by J. D. Brennan, Y. Li et al. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200078).


Abstract The role of the school principal has in recent years attracted the urgent attention of politicians, practitioners, parents and others in many parts of the world. This has resulted in the generation of some research and a very substantial literature. Why then should we need yet more studies of principalship? This paper examines two key reasons: because the role of the principal is important in determining levels of school effectiveness and pupil achievement; and because much of what we 'know' is of doubtful value insofar as it is out of date, based on limited research methodology and attention to contextual or cultural considerations. The paper advocates use of a three level biographic model for such research, and seeks to illustrate its merits drawing upon the work of the authors and other studies undertaken in East Asia.


Abstract This paper points out the possibility of suitable use of Caputo fractional derivative in regression model. Fitting historical data using a regression model seems to be useful in many fields, among other things, for the short-term prediction of further developments in the state variable. Therefore, it is important to fit the historical data as accurately as possible using the given variables. Using Caputo fractional derivative, this accuracy can be increased in the model described in this paper.


Received 20 October 2006; accepted 23 October 2006; electronically published 2 February 2007. Potential conflicts of interest: R.B.T. reports no conflicts of interest with regard to the subject of this editorial. He has received research funding from the Dial Corporation and Warner Lambert Company and is a consultant to Procter & Gamble Company and Schering Plough Research Institute. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Ronald B. Turner, P.O. Box 800386, 4441 Barringer Hall, Hospital Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908 (email@example.com). The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007;195:765–6 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 0022-1899/2007/19506-0001$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/511829 The rhinoviruses were first isolated 50 years ago from individuals with common cold symptoms. Subsequent studies have defined the epidemiology and clinical implications of these infections. Rhinovirus infections occur year round with seasonal peaks of incidence in the early fall, usually September to November, and again in the spring from March to May. During these periods of increased incidence, up to 80% of common cold illnesses may be associated with a documented rhinovirus infection [1]. The characteristic clinical syndrome associated with rhinovirus infection is the common cold, and the rhinoviruses are responsible for at least 50% of these illnesses. Although common colds are of little direct medical consequence, they are associated with enormous cost to society in the form of missed school and work and unnecessary medical care. The medical implications of rhinovirus infection are not, however, limited to the common cold. One-third of children with acute otitis media have evidence of concurrent rhinovirus infection, including 25% who have evidence of virus in the middle ear fluid [2]. Some of these children also have bacteria isolated from the middle ear, suggesting that rhinovirus infection may cause otitis media directly or by predisposing to bacterial infection. Sinusitis is less well studied, but it seems likely that rhinovirus may play a similar role in this syndrome. A study of young adults with uncomplicated common colds found that most had involvement of the sinuses detectable by computed-tomography scanning and that these abnormalities resolved in all cases without antibacterial treatment [3]. In addition to these upper respiratory tract syndromes, rhinovirus infection has also been associated with lower respiratory tract symptoms. It is widely accepted that rhinovirus is an important cause of asthma exacerbations in school-aged children. Rhinovirus infection is associated with 60%–70% of the asthma exacerbations in this age group [4, 5]. Rhinovirus also appears to play a role in exacerbations of cystic fibrosis in children and of chronic bronchitis in adults. The potential role of rhinovirus infections as a cause of pneumonia in immunocompetent children or immunocompromised patients is more controversial. Rhinovirus grows best in cell culture at ∼33C . This preferential growth at lower temperature has long been cited to suggest that rhinovirus might not infect the lower airways. This concept was supported by early studies demonstrating that infection was more readily produced when virus was administered by intranasal drops than by aerosol. More-recent studies have established that, under experimental conditions, rhinovirus can replicate in the lower respiratory tract, but the frequency of lower tract involvement during natural infection remains unknown. A potential role for rhinovirus as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections is also supported by detection of rhinovirus by either culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in several studies of children with lower respiratory tract disease [6–8]. Most of these studies have found rhinovirus in !10% of patients, and in many cases other pathogens more commonly associated with lower respiratory tract symptoms were also isolated. Whether the rhinovirus is a primary cause of the lower respiratory tract disease in these children or whether rhinovirus infection of the upper respiratory tract predisposes to bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract remains unsettled. The study by Miller et al. [9, in this issue of the Journal, defines the epidemiological and clinical findings in hospitalized infants and children who were infected with rhinovirus. The reported frequency of infection, seasonal pattern of incidence, and association of infection with wheezing and asthma exacerbation are consistent with previous reports. In contrast, the frequent association of rhinovirus with fever, pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, or sepsis in this study


Photograph of a stagecoach drawn by a team of six mules with people standing amongst them. The stagecoach, right, has a burgundy cab and bright yellow wheels and shaft. A black carriage stands to the left of the photo.


To evaluate the value of low density protein microarray in analyzing the expression of drug resistance related proteins in leukemic cell line,we employed human leukemic cell lines(HL60,K562,HL60/VCR,K562/ADM,and Jurkat) and Burkitt lymphoma cell line Raji in the study.The low density protein microarrays were prepared to detect the content of 11 drug resistance-related proteins in the cell lysates.The study showed that in the myeloid leukemic drug-resistant cell lines,the expression of Pglycoprotein (P-gp),lung resistance protein/major vault protein(LRP/MVP),glutathione-S-transferase-π(GST-π),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) were much higher,as compared with non-drug resistant cell lines. Furthermore,in the lymphoblastic leukemic cell lines,P-gp and chemokine receptor CXCR4 were highly expressed.The results show that the protein microarray could find the diversity of drug resistance-related proteins in different leukemic cell lines.Combined detection of more than one drug resistance-related proteins is helpful to study the drug resistance mechanism of leukemia.


Nowadays,the teaching of Mandarin is taken seriously.Many students suffer a high rate of lost score in Mandarin test because of their dialects and poor knowledge level .Therefore,during the teaching of Mandarin in dialectal districts,teachers should spell out the theoretic knowledges and guide the students to practise lots of training of words,phrases,sentences and whole passages,combining with the difficiencies and mistakes which are disclosed in students trainings and tests of Mandarin phonetics.


Because of the economy and adaptability of network laboratory based on virtual instrument, scientific research units and colleges can use fewer funds to set up an advanced and convenient modern experiment environment, and make use of existing resource to better working conditions and improve teaching quality. This paper studies how to establish a network laboratory based on virtual instrument. LabVIEW provides three approaches to develop network applications, which can extend the function of virtual instrument and make the whole laboratory convenient to use.


Based on section observation and petro-mineralogy research, gas source of large gas fields of carbonate in Sichuan
Basin are probed into with fluid inclusion method. First, the autogenecity, multistage and re-equilibrium of inclusion are subtly distinguished. Based on this, oil-gases of different stages are distinguished according to microelements of autogenetic minerals, phase composition, homogenization temperature of inclusions and water medium conditions. The humic gas and sapropelic gas are primarely differentiated with quantitative laser raman microfrobe spectroscopy. The source (humic or sapropelic rocks) of organic matter in inclusions are distinguished according to phase composition and distributing characteristics of inclusions. In the end, source rock stratum of a certain period oil-gas are ascertained with the biomarkers of corresponding inclusions. The result indicate that researchful conclusions accord with geological facts, which provide an important and effective method for the conventional research of oil-gas source trace.


WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN IN THIS AREA • Basic training courts for general; practice trainers; do not always meet the demands for the level of 'professionalition' expected.• Many regions now run university-accredited teaching bourses, some of which advocate compulsion. WHAT THIS WORK ADDS • This work has shown that a mandatory course is generally accepted by participants.• Organisational infrastructure needs to be efficient. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH • The effects on trainer recruitment need to be monitored and studied.• The effects on further individual continuing professional development in terms of following this initial course towards a diploma or higher degree.


Abstract When assessing mood and general health of mid-aged women, the effects of hormonal changes (and resulting symptoms such as hot flushes) and changes associated with age (such as in sleep patterns) can confound the results. A questionnaire was specifically developed to measure subjective reports of emotional and physical well-being of women aged 45 to 65 years. The relationships between symptoms was explored using factor analysis and a range of subscales was derived. Depressed mood and anxiety formed separate scales, as did sleep problems, somatic symptoms, menstrual problems and sexual behaviour. Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) made up an additional scale. The full scale, with scoring information and norms for two samples ((i) 682 women aged 45-65, and (ii) 55 women aged 23-38) is provided. Test-retest reliability was found to be high (range 0.69-0.96) and concurrent validity for the depressed mood scale was confirmed by comparison with the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, ...


Since the first edition of The Merck Manual of Geriatrics was published in 1990, the field of geriatrics has evolved. In large part, the results of basic and clinical research have increased the depth and breadth of knowledge available to practitioners. As examples, new treatments for osteoporosis and the effects of specific exercise prescriptions have been published since the first edition. At the same time, practitioners are increasingly asked to care for older persons with a multitude of challenging issues in a variety of settings. For instance, such care includes effectively evaluating older impaired patients who drive and efficiently caring for nursing home residents with complex multiple problems. Such issues have been increasingly defined, explored, and evaluated in the literature. These and the many other new concepts, diagnostics, and therapeutics have been well incorporated into the second edition of The Merck Manual of Geriatrics . In the tradition of The Merck