In May 2000, a 56-year-old female patient with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent orthotopic liver re-retransplantation at our institution, with arterial anastomosis to the aorta and biliodigestive anastomosis of the bile ducts. In November 2006, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed because of massive gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic bile duct recanalization, which revealed an intrahepatic arterial pseudoaneurysm of 22 mm in diameter. Whereas proximal portions of the hepatic artery in the region of the anastomosis to the aorta were occluded, the intrahepatic arteries were supplied by multiple small peripancreatic and capsule collaterals. Therefore, the pseudoaneurysm was inaccessible for conventional angiographic approaches. Moreover, in this patient with status after three liver transplantations, a surgical approach was considered a high risk due to severe adhesions and the documented diffuse collateral formation. Thus, we chose a CT-guided percutaneous transhepatic occlusion attempt, because the aneurysm was considered the most probable bleeding source. A CT-guided (Somatom Plus 4; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) percutaneous transhepatic puncture (needle diameter, 18-gage; needle length, 15 cm; Cook, Bloomington, IN, USA) of the aneurysm (diameter 2.2 cm; Fig. 1a) was performed. To confirm the correct position of the needle inside the aneurysm, it was tested for arterial bleeding through the needle. To exclude contact to the bile ducts, a contrast bolus (2 ml; saline/iodinated contrast agent 1⁄4 4/1) was injected under CT-fluoroscopy. Then, a total of three coils (wire thickness, 35¢¢; length, 5 cm; coil diameter, 5 mm; Cook) were inserted through the needle into the aneurysm (Fig. 1b). During retraction of the needle, the puncture channel was sealed with thrombogenic material (Gelita Tampon; Braun, Melsungen, Germany). Three days later, a contrast enhanced CT-angiography showed a subtotal thrombosis of the aneurysm with a small area (diameter, 5 mm) of remaining perfusion (Fig. 1c). Because of a renewed bleeding episode, a second attempt to obliterate the residually perfused part of the aneurysm was performed using a similar approach. With the needle tip in the residual aneurysm, 2 ml of fibrinogen (Tissucol Duo; Baxter, Deerfield, IL, USA) were injected. After the second intervention, gastrointestinal bleeding stopped immediately. Complete thrombosis of the aneurysm was confirmed by CT (Fig. 1d). The patient was discharged 2 days later with stable hemoglobin levels. Gastrointestinal bleeding did not occur during follow-up and a retransplantation was thus successfully avoided. Pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery are a rare complication (incidence, 0.3–2%) after liver transplantation [1,2]. They occur more often in patients with aortic insertion of the liver artery, with postoperative infections and biliomas, after repetitive interventions like liver punctures, angioplasty or stenting of the common bile duct, and after retransplantation [2]. In the presented case, the pseudoaneurysm was presumably caused iatrogenously by stenting of the common bile duct. When necessary (e.g. growing aneurysms, bleeding), surgery or endovascular repair is the method of choice for the treatment of arterial aneurysms, depending on location and configuration [1,2]. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm is crucial to prevent fatal bleeding or patient outcome, and potential loss of the transplant organ. Direct percutaneous image-guided transhepatic puncture for coilembolization of intrahepatic arterial aneurysms have been rarely described before [3–8]. In the presented case, an endovascular approach was not possible due to the occlusion of the major feeder. Moreover, a surgical approach was considered a high risk after three liver transplantations. By adapting the coilembolization technique from angiography to CT-guided intervention, the severe bleeding was managed successfully. Interestingly, the initial attempt of coilembolization alone failed to occlude the fistula to the biliary system, resulting in continuing bleeding. The remaining perfused part of the aneurysm (approximately 4 mm) was too small for save positioning of further coils, and the location of the fistula to the bile ducts could not be directly visualized. Therefore, fibrinogen was used for occlusion of perianeurysmatic tissue, which successfully terminated the gastrointestinal bleeding.


This paper seeks to develop an Early Warning System (EWS) for banking crises. The goal is to provide a mechanism which can anticipate increases in the fragility of the Paraguayan banking system. A high Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPLR) is taken as an indicator of inefficiency of the institutions and hence, as a warning signal for regulators and other agents. We stress that the EWS is not a substitute for the regulator and supervision tasks but instead, a complementary instrument to the mandatory roles that they should perform on a day-to-day basis. The empirical results based on a panel data model reveal that, for a set of 32 banks (at the end of 1995) and just


Abstract— Spectrum detecting issue is a most difficult issue in the cognitive radio system. This paper gives the study of narrowband and wideband spectrum sensing strategies. Diverse sorts of spectrum sensing strategies are concentrated on and they are thought about interms of precision and many-sided quality of spectrum sensing. Keywords— Spectrum detecting; cognitive radio system; narrowband spectrum sensing; wideband spectrum sensing; cooperative wide band spectrum sensing.


In this paper, we present a new wideband miniature branchline coupler as a key element to be integrated for 60 GHz beamforming networks in phased arrays. Theory and equations as well as a first proof-of-concept at 2.2 GHz are presented. A 25% matching bandwidth (−10 dB), ± 1 dB amplitude imbalance and ± 2° phase imbalance are measured with a reduced footprint. Then, the same coupler topology is optimized at 60 GHz in a BiCMOS9MW and IPD technology, both from ST Microelectronics. Its implementation on both technologies is discussed and compared to state-of-the art recently published couplers operating at 60 GHz.


As the dependence on information and its supporting IT infrastructure has grown in the modern-day organisation, so too has the need materialised for closer business and IT alignment. Hence, this remains one of the primary aims and challenges of IT governance. Unfortunately, although such alignment may be seemingly trivial, it has remained a troublesome prospect for organisations worldwide throughout the last decade. Whilst knowledge of this alignment challenge has emerged, less attention has been devoted to understanding the collective role of the board and the chief information officer (CIO). Furthermore, the nature of the interplay between these roles within an organisation in successfully contributing to the resolution of this alignment issue remains unclear. This paper contributes to the above-mentioned concern by arguing towards a conceptual IT alignment continuum that elucidates the role of the board and the CIO and their interplay in relation to the IT alignment challenge, as they represent the core of IT and the business.


essay combines that interest with a subtle exploration of visual art at the Mantuan court. Jonathan Spangler's essay on France offers a sociology of those who controlled access to the king; they were generally from the high nobility, Spangler shows, but that apparent success weakened connections between the grandees and the provincial nobles, thus weakening the order as a whole. As the editors explain, the authors have deliberately avoided social or political theorizing, and the collection includes no attempt to compare early modern cultures of access with examples from other times and places. That interpretive reticence extends to some purely early modern issues as well. For instance, only two of the authors directly address the question of princely absolutism, a question that lurks in any discussion of early modern states, and they offer opposing views: Mark Hengerer, in a subtle account of the Habsburg court, dismisses the concept as inappropriate to early modern realities, whereas Fabian Persson (in his equally impressive account of Swedish developments) treats the installation of absolute rule as a fundamental reality. The Key to Power? leaves theorizing and comparison to the reader—but its finely crafted examinations of specific situations offer abundant encouragement for doing so.


Purpose: Within open cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) for craniosynostosis, efforts have been directed at minimizing the bicoronal scar, which contributes to increased patient stigmatization and decreased parental satisfaction. To understand these esthetic considerations across multiple centers, we evaluated demographic and clinical determinants of patient scar self-consciousness, parental scar satisfaction, and parental satisfaction with their children's overall medical and surgical care. Methods: A 25-item questionnaire was distributed within an 18 500-member craniosynostosis parental online support group. Parents were asked to grade patient scar self-consciousness, parental scar satisfaction, and parental satisfaction with their children's overall care on a 10-point Likert scale. A t-test and linear regression were performed for binary and continuous variables. Results: Of 838 responses, 516 met inclusion criteria. 32% of patients had visible scar alopecia and 25% of respondents reported their child's hair is deliberately styled to disguise the scar. 2% of patients underwent scar revision. Older age, complications, ongoing symptoms, and increased number of surgeries were negatively associated with parental scar satisfaction, patient self-consciousness, and parental satisfaction with overall management. Ethnicity and hair texture were not associated with patient self-consciousness or parental satisfaction with care. Incision type (zig-zag/wavy compared to straight bicoronal incisions) showed no significant difference in subjective outcomes measures or rates of external stigmatizing behavior between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Bicoronal scarring has complex and multifaceted psychosocial effects. Advanced age, complications, ongoing symptoms, and increased number of surgeries are key determinants of patient and parent satisfaction, though parental esthetic satisfaction may be more sensitive to external stigmatizing behavior. This study calls for a reappraisal of conventional teaching regarding the impact of incision design. While craniofacial morphology, neurological development, and social functioning may be more foundational to overall patient and parent satisfaction, the esthetic value of the bicoronal scar should not be undervalued.


LIBRARIES The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. ABSTRACT Large-scale epidemiologic longitudinal cohort studies are a distinct area of epidemiology and public health. To conduct such studies, it often requires exorbitant resources. African collaborators and a team of Harvard scientists have initiated what is groundbreaking to the field of epidemiology and will be the largest investigations into lifestyle ever conducted in history: The Africa/Harvard School of Public Health This cohort study will be paired with an innovative philanthropic venture capital firm, ImPaCT Commercial Ventures. This business entity will be responsible for the commercialization of the intellectual property (IP) generated from the cohort study, decades-long collection of behavioral and genetic "Big Data" (primarily collected through mobile phones) from the study's 500,000 study participants. A select group of corporations will have semi-exclusive rights to the intellectual property to create and refine innovative products (goods and services) that help prevent chronic diseases and other public health threats in Africa, and they will also serve as limited partners in the ImPaCT Commercial Fund. This venture Fund will support a portfolio of entrepreneurial start-up ventures that also develop innovation around chronic disease prevention. ImPaCT will profit from this commercialization of IP and by equity ownership in the start-up ventures. ImPaCT, structured as a "Benefit" Corporation, will earmark some of its profit to help sustain the resource-intensive and expensive longitudinal cohort study.


The purpose of this conference was to focus on the role labor markets play in determining broader macroeconomic outcomes. Bringing together a diverse group of researchers who study both new labor data sets and new theories of the labor market, the conference main goal was to broaden our understanding of how labor market outcomes are affected by and contribute both to short-run business cycles and to long-run economic trends. Participants considered both aggregate labor market outcomes and how macroeconomic forces disproportionately impact individual workers and firms across the wage, income, skill, and productivity distributions. Discussions arising from this conference will help inform policymakers seeking both aggregate labor market stability and more equitable labor market outcomes for a diverse set of both workers and employers.


Although the literature teems with articles on tinnitus in adults, it appears that investigations on tinnitus in children are few and far between. A survey of the literature revealed that, spanning 11 years since our first article (Nodar, 1972), only the work of Graham (1981) specifically addressed tinnitus in children (Table I). In a recent publication, McFadden (1982) dedicated two paragraphs to tinnitus in children, citing the two studies mentioned above. It is apparent that McFadden either did not read or did not understand at least one of the articles (Nodar, 1972) since his figures are grossly erroneous. The previous observations, coupled with gentle prodding from Dr. A. Schulman (New York), led to this report which will address three issues: (1) our first study of tinnitus in children; (2) a recent study of tinnitus in children; and (3) a philosophical discussion of the phenomenon we call tinnitus, our approach to its investigation, and why relief from it is evasive, inconsistent and often non-existent.


This paper reports a small-scale research project which took place in one primary school in the north-east of England. The study aimed to listen to children's views about how the practices of teachers helped and/or hindered their sense of inclusion in classrooms. Inclusion was understood here in a broad sense rather than specifically relating to children with special educational needs. Participatory research tools were used as part of group interviews with children from three different year groups. Even though the children were mostly happy with their school experience, it was noticeable that there were some areas for concern for some children that related to four interconnecting themes: unfairness, shouting, loneliness and seating plans. All of these themes seemed to be connected with children's interpersonal relationships – with teachers and with each other – and can be seen as crucial in terms of understanding inclusion in schools and further developing existing practices.


Laboratory and clinical studies from Japan have reported that broken cell wall preparations and extracts of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, a unicellular green alga, as well as other Chlorella species when either given orally or injected, promote growth and healing. Furthermore, these preparations stimulate the immune system in such a way that the host is protected from infection and cancer. Chlorella pyrenoidosa grows naturally in fresh water and has the highest content of chlorophyll (28.9 g/kg) of any known plant on earth. This species' proteins contain all the amino acids known to be essential for the nutrition of animals and human beings. There are also vitamins found in Chlorella pyrenoidosa including: vitamin C, provitamin A (Bcarotene), thiamine (BI), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), niacin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin, choline, vitamin K, lipoic acid, and inositol. Minerals in Chlorella pyrenoidosa include: phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iodine, magnesium, iron, and copper. Chlorella has a strong cell wall that prevents its native form from being adequately broken down and absorbed by the human digestive system and so special processing is required to break its cell wall (Mitsuda et al., 1977). In addition to amino acids, peptides, proteins, vitamins, sugars and nucleic acids, Chlorella pyrenoidosa contains a water-soluble substance known as Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF) (Steenblock, 1987). Approximately 5% of raw Chlorella pyrenoidosa is CGF; composed primarily of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids believed to be derived from the nuclei of the algae.


In view of the village,it explores the influence factors of the development of village traditional sports in Zhejiang province.It is by means of the data,the questionnaire,the research on the spot and the visitation.It shows that the factors are from two sides which include both the social culture and itself of village traditional sports.The allotment of male and female,the origination of village,the religion and the history of village are the outside factors.The interruption of village traditional sports,the award and the organization and administration are the inside factors.


We present a new stochastic nonlinear inversion method for seismic reservoir characterization studies to jointly estimate elastic and petrophysical properties, and quantify their uncertainty. The proposed method aims to estimate multiple reservoir realizations of the entire set of reservoir properties, including seismic velocities, density, porosity, mineralogy, and saturation, by iteratively updating the initial ensemble of models based on the mismatch between their seismic response and the measured seismic data. The initial models are generated using geostatistical methods and the geophysical forward operators include rock physics relations and a seismic forward model. The optimization is achieved using an iterative ensemble-based algorithm, namely the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA), in which each iteration is based on a Bayesian updating step. The advantages of the proposed method are that it can be applied to nonlinear inverse problems and that it can provide an ensemble of...


In the dramatic context of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s, Scheler developed the crucial theme of the need for the creation of a new ruling class, a political-cultural elite. Despite its difficulty, which is linked to the effectuality of the Modern, in certain ways Scheler's proposal reflects a revival of the ancient Aristotelian manner of seeing politics as an art of ruling. An art that is not seen as the exercising of power based on a relationship of command and obedience but as the harmonization of the social differences that belong to human beings owing to their nature, and that are a part of the political community: an idea of a political-social world (which is also distant and irreversible as regards its historical fulfilment), in which a principle prevails that is tied to the organic concept of a correct guide of political society which requires first and foremost areth*, excellence and phronesis, the practical wisdom of those who are ruling. Max Scheler draws on all of this against the background of his own metaphysics, in a concept of global government that is indissolubly linked to that of solidarity as an indispensable premise for the formation of a political ruling elite that is up to such epochal challenges.


Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs and DNA fragments from genomic libraries has led to a dramatic increase in understanding of the glucagon-related peptides in recent years. The primary structure of the biosynthetic precursor of glucagon (preproglucagon) has been elucidated. The complex structural connec- tions between the multiple molecular forms of the glucagon-like peptides in tissues and in the circulation have been determined [ 1,2]. Mammalian proglucagon consists of 160 amino acid residues and is synthesized in the islets of Langerhans, intestine and brain. An exciting recent finding is that in addition to glucagon the preproglucagon gene in mammals encodes two additional peptides with struc- tural similarity to glucagon, termed glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 (GLP-I and GLP-2). The truncated form of GLP-1, GLP-1(7-36) amide, which is secreted by the mammalian intestine, strongly stimulates insu- lin secretion and inhibits gastric acid secretion. This review focuses mainly on the truncated form of GLP-1. since a rapidly increasing number of reports indicate a remarkable interest of investigators in this particular hormone, which actually fulfills the classical role of an 'enterogastrone' and 'incretin' hormone. The purpose here is to describe what is known so far about the origin, processing, organ distribution and actions of this peptide and to search for promising future direc- tions of further investigations.


Monitoring of water erosion and runoff processes was conducted in an agri- cultural micro loess catchment of 1,05 ha area located in the Lublin Upland. Results of the studies shoved that, over 250 m 3 of runoff and about 11 t of soil was removed from the catchment during two and half year. On the basis of results a relationship between temporal rainfall intensity and runoff rate was developed in the form of the exponential function Sp = 1E - 05e 102,64x . The relationship between run-off and soil losses was de- scribed by logarithmic equation Eg = 0,4703Ln(x)-0,5361.


1. The bark splitting injury has frequently occurred in various parts of warm region in recent years. A wide range of resistance to the bark splitting injury under the field conditions also has been observed among the tea clones.The resistance of the clonal varieties was ranked by means of both the observations of the injury at the various sites of Kyushu district and the results obtained by the newly developed testing methods.The ranking of the hardiness among the main clones was shown as follows : Kanayamidori> Yabuki to>Asatsuyu>Sayamamidori>Okumusashi, Yaeho (hardy>tender).2. It was cleared that the resistance to the injury did not correlate with the frost hardiness of mature leaves in mid-winter which closely influences northern limits of commercial cultivation of tea plants, the time of bud opening, the vigor of plants and the quality of green tea.3. The following three testing methods for the bark splitting injury were proved to be effective : 1) testing for the frost hardiness of the basal stem of young plants at the period of the first autumn frost, 2) testing for the easiness of artificial occurrence of the bark splitting induced by the repeated freezing treatment and 3) testing for both the frost hardiness and the cambial activity of the mature shoot of adult plants.The cambial activity was estimated by easiness of peeling the stem bark from the sapwood and by water content of stem.The last method is simple and easy to be applied to the actual breeding procedure.4. The best period for the testing of resistance to the bark splitting injury is confirmed to be late October to the end of November at Tea Branch of Miyazaki Agricultural Experimeut Station.


Field Welders shall be qualified and employed in accordance with Section 501.3.01 B of the Georgia Department of Transportation 2001 Standard Specifications for Construction of Transportation Systems, current Special Provisions and Supplemental Specifications. Field Welders will be responsible for furnishing test plates and all other equipment needed for field welder qualification testing as affirmed by this document. The Office of Materials and Research will provide a site for qualification testing, assistance in initial fit-up and positioning of test assemblies, oversight of qualification welding and laboratory testing of the test specimens. Applicants are responsible for any and all other equipment, costs and work associated with the qualification process.


that, even given the potential for such latitude, there are certain orderings of subject, verb and object that seem to be normative in different languages (167). George does not leave things at the level of general description. For each language that he discusses, he takes a passage and draws out in detail, in transliteration (where necessary) and translation, the features that are peculiar to and typical of that language. His discussion of those Hebrew verb forms characterized by prefixed waw explains the extraordinary preponderance of sentences beginning with 'and' in the King James Bible (200–02). Beneath the English 'and it came to pass, when they were in the field' (Genesis 4:8) is shown to lie a typical Hebrew construction involving the waw-consecutive of the imperfect verb 'to be' followed by an infinitive with personal suffixes: 'and-it-was in-being-their in-the-field' (203). Following in the footsteps of Calvert Watkins and others, George's analysis of a passage of the Sanskrit Rig Veda (148–56) is especially rich and uncovers traces of the ancient poetic traditions of the Indo-European peoples before they split into separate groups. George invokes dead languages in the title of his book, but he has plenty to say about modern languages, the Romance languages, modern German and modern Irish in particular. This material is always used to explain the end point of processes identified in earlier phases of the language. On his own showing, there is nothing dead about these languages. Plenty of people are studying them and George's book is a delightful protreptic to future generations to do likewise.


The number of high endothelial venules (HEVs) per unit area was determined in 55 B‐cell non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphomas (nHMLs) classified according to the Kiel classification. The number of HEVs per unit area was significantly different between low‐ and high‐grade B‐cell nHMLs. In the low‐grade group, a large number of HEVs with preserved structure were present, whereas in high‐grade tumours the HEVs appeared damaged. The present findings support the previous observation attributing prognostic relevance to lymphocyte recirculation in nHMLs.


3529 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates could be improved if more cancers were detected early. The ColoSTAT blood test and algorithm combines concentrations of 5 protein biomarkers with age and sex to provide an alternative to current CRC screening methods like the faecal immunochemical test (FIT). We compared the performance of ColoSTAT to colonoscopy in detecting CRC. Methods: Patients in this Australian study were either recently diagnosed with CRC using colonoscopy and progressing to surgery or neoadjuvant treatment (Cohort 1) or had no CRC history and were scheduled for colonoscopy (Cohort 2). Due to COVID-19 pandemic-related recruitment delays, the samples from Cohort 1 were supplemented with bio-banked blood samples (BBS) from patients with clinically confirmed CRC. Patients provided a 17 mL blood sample and were followed until start of cancer treatment or colonoscopy. All blood samples were de-identified prior to testing by an independent laboratory. The primary endpoints were ColoSTAT sensitivity of ≥73% (lower 95% confidence limit [LCL] > 60%), and specificity ≥90% (LCL > 80%). Sensitivity by TNM stage was an exploratory endpoint (ACTRN12619000301167). Results: Cohort 1 enrolled 29 patients, Cohort 2 enrolled 768 patients and 192 BBS were included. Patient demographic characteristics were similar in Cohorts 1, 2 and BBS. Overall, the median age of the patients (n = 989) was 64 years (range 40 to 88) and 53.4% were female. Definitive ColoSTAT results were obtained for 22 patients in Cohort 1, 554 in Cohort 2 and 81 in BBS. Overall, the estimated sensitivity of ColoSTAT for detection of CRC compared with colonoscopy was 81.3% (95%CL 73.0%-87.4%) and estimated specificity 91.0% (95%CL 87.7%-93.5%) (Table). Conclusions: The ColoSTAT test met the primary endpoints of performance based on sensitivity and specificity in detecting CRC compared to colonoscopy. ColoSTAT sensitivity and specificity for CRC were comparable with published performance parameters for FIT which range from 74-93% (sensitivity) and 85-96% (specificity).1 Clinical trial information: ACTRN12619000301167 . Clinical trial information: ACTRN12619000301167 . [Table: see text]


The development of micro-fuel cells based on silicon at home and abroad and their researching results are introduced. Some key technologies of the fabricating method are expounded.According the characteristics of micro channels, the effects of different cross section micro channels on the performances of micro-fuel cells are analyzed.When the hydraulic diameters D_h that are decided by the different micro channels decrease gradually,the performances of micro-fuel cells will increase to a best point graudually at the same test conditions,and then they will become worse and worse.


AbstractIn recent years, due to economic and environmental considerations, the use of waste additives has been highly regarded in pavements. In the case of emulsified cold recycled mixtures (ECRMs)...


SRI WAHYUNI. The Development of Pars Intermedia of Hypophysis – Skin Melanocyte Axis of The Long Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Under the supervision of NURHIDAYAT and CHAIRUN NISA'. The pars intermedia (PI) is a part of the adenohypophysis that plays an important role on the synthesis and secretion of the melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). The primary function of MSH which is secreted by the melanotroph (MSH cells) of PI is regulating the melanogenesis of pigmentation process in the skin epidermis and hair follicle melanocyte. The aim of this study was to elaborate the development of PI ACTH-MSH cells – skin epidermis and hair follicle melanocyte axis during pre and postnatal periods of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Six fetuses aged 55 (F-55)(skin tissue only), 70 (F-70), 85 (F-85), 100 (F-100), 120 (F-120) and 150 (F-150) days of gestation; two postnatal aged 10 (P-1) and 105 (P-3) days; one infant aged 15 (P-15) month; and two adults aged 50 (P-50) and 100 (P-100) months were used in this research. The sections of the hypophysis and skin tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT) and immunohistochemical (IHC) with avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex methods (ABC method). The results showed that the PI was dominated by acidophil cells at F-70 and F-85, and tend to decreased at F-100 to P-50. These cells were replaced by the basophil cells (melanotropes/MSH cells and corticotropes/ACTH cells) in the rostral, medial and distal areas of PI, but these cells decreased at P-100 in medial area, whereas in the rostral and distal areas not appeared. Based on IHC method, the ACTH-MSH immunoreactive (ACTH-MSH-ir) cells appeared at F-70, predominantly in the rostral of PI. ACTH-MSH-ir cells were densely distributed in the rostral and distal areas from F85 to P3, whereas in their distribution pattern changed at F-100. At F-150, P-1 and P-3, ACTH-MSH-ir cells were scattered in rostral, medial and distal areas of PI and slightly decreased at P-15. At the adult (P-50), ACTH-MSHir cells still appeared positive reaction, although in the rostral and distal areas were associated with the pars distalis (PD) and pars nervosa (PN) of hypophysis. At the adult (P-100), the rostral and distal areas of PI were disappeared, but in the medial, still exist and forms an invagination to the medial area of PN. The changed of density and distribution pattern of ACTH-MSH-ir cells showed positive correlation with the development of the blood vessels of the PI. The PI blood vessels were densely distributed at the distal area of PI at F-85, and in the rostral and medial areas at the F-100 and F-120. At the P-100, blood vessels still exist in the medial area, whereas in the rostral and distal areas, they were associated with the PD and PN blood vessels. The pigmentation differences during pre and postnatal periods showed the similar pattern with the distribution pattern of ACTH-MSH-ir cells of PI and the epidermal melanocytes and hair follicles. From the results, we concluded that the development of PI showed a closed correlation with the melanogenesis or epidermal and hair follicles pigmentation process that involved the MSH and ACTH in the melanocyte during pre and postnatal periods.


In this paper we consider the following class of four point boundary value
problems—y"(x) = f (x, y), 0 less than x lessthan 1, y'(0) = 0, y(1) = 1y(1) + 2)7(2)'where 1, 2  0 lesstahn 1, 2 less than 1, and f (x, y), is continuous in one sided Lipschitz in y. We propose a monotone iterative scheme and show that under some sufficient conditions this scheme generates sequences which converges uniformly to solution of the nonlinear multipint boundary value problem.


In quantum mechanics, it is often stressed that if one knows position (x) with complete certainty, then momentum (p) is completely uncertain. A similar result is applied to energy and time. It is also stressed that quantum mechanics is mathematically a wave type theory describing probability waves. In a previous note (1), we argued that one may obtain the Schrodinger equation from exp(i Action), where Action is the classical action, by varying x and t in v=x/t independently. A main idea of classical mechanics is that x and t are not independent, but are directly linked i.e. x(t). In this note, we argue that wave behaviour in quantum mechanics and in the wave equation for a photon decouples time and space which is the opposite notion of classical mechanics. One has partial derivatives (d/dx, d/dt) in an equation describing a problem, but there is a kind of decoupling of changes in x and t. There is still a relationship related to frequencies between the decoupled time and space functions as the wave-equation contains both d/dt d/dt and d/dx d/dx, but one does not have a scenario of x depending directly on t as in classical mechanics. This, we argue, leads to wave or a periodic type behaviour for both x and t. In the case of a potential V(x), there can be multiple x waves exp(ipx) stirred up. In the time-independent Schrodinger equation one does not even consider time (one has EW(x)) even though it is clearly present through exp(iEt), but x and t are not linked As a result, we argue that p and x are not linked because p=mv and if one had v(x), one could integrate dt = dx/v(x) to find an explicit relationship between x and t, as in classical mechanics, which negates the idea of wave mechanics. Thus, we argue that it is the "decoupling" of space and time that is important in quantum mechanics


—We present information on delayed mortality of commercially exploited paddlefish Polyodon spathula released as bycatch in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee–Kentucky, an impoundment on the lower Tennessee River. Minimum size limits enacted in 2002 (864 mm eye-to-fork length [EFL]) and 2005 (914 mm EFL) sought to protect paddlefish from overfishing. In 2005, bycatch of sublegal paddlefish represented 75% of the total catch, and releasing undersized fish will not reduce fishing mortality unless those fish survive. Paddlefish caught and released by commercial fishers in 2005 and 2006 were externally tagged with radio transmitters and tracked a minimum of 2 weeks to estimate delayed mortality. Four of the 104 tagged paddlefish died following release, 94 survived, and 6 were censored because their fate could not be determined. Paddlefish that survived moved rapidly from release locations. Net movements of the 94 fish that survived averaged 12.0 km (SE = 5.3) upriver and ranged from 91.5 km downriver to 390.0 km upriver. Fish that died could not be distinguished from fish that lived on the basis of mean water temperature, fish length, net-soak time, or handling time. Given the low delayed mortality of discarded paddlefish, imposing minimum size limits is a reasonable approach to reduce fishing mortality of juveniles and reduce the likelihood of overfishing. Efforts to reduce fishing mortality should focus on avoiding fishing gear and seasons (e.g., early fall and late spring) that cause high initial bycatch mortality. * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 The unit is jointly sponsored by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Tennessee Technological University, and the U.S. Geological Survey.


Introduction In a recent research study (Schnoor, 1999), collegiate wind band conductors were surveyed to determine the degree to which they agree with music education as aesthetic education (MEAE). Results indicated that all of the conductors strongly agree with the philosophical aims of MEAE. Upon review of conductors in actual rehearsal settings, however, their incorporation of aesthetic-related strategies was inconsistent, supporting Bennet Reimer's (1989) statement: "many of the concepts of aesthetic education remain imperfectly understood and many of its implications for action remain imperfectly applied" (p. xi). With continuing emphasis on educational accountability, ensemble directors are challenged to teach toward comprehensive musicianship goals in addition to developing "fine-sounding" ensembles. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to share suggestions regarding the aesthetic experience that were derived from a review of the literature, to discuss suggestions for incorporating MEAE into rehearsal settings, and to address the critical need for developing and utilizing quality assessments to determine what students learn.


Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films show high hardness and toughness with low surface roughness. In addition, they have low coefficients of friction against many metals and ceramics. However, NCD films are very difficult to deposit onto many technological substrates. Typically, significant surface modification in the form of chemical etching, and/or physical seeding with diamond nanoparticles, is required for reasonable growth rates of uniform and smooth NCD layers with sufficient adhesion. These additional steps may weaken the substrate material, can be costly, and may lead to inconsistencies in the final product. Another approach is the use of transition thin-film layers between the substrate and the NCD film. An ideal transition layer would provide high nucleation rate (>10 10 cm -2 ) and support the growth of smooth NCD films without additional treatment steps. In addition, such layer should be hard to allow for practical application of NCD layer. Here, we report on the preparation and test of WC-Cr-N-based coatings as a transition layer for NCD growth. WC-Cr-N coatings (~ 500 nm thick) were grown on Si substrates via reactive RF magnetron sputtering (Ar/N 2 gas mixture) at the substrate temperatures varied from 100 oC to 400 oC, and with the Cr:W ratio varied between 0.5:1 and 3:1. After that, a 2-3 μm thick nanocrystalline diamond layer was deposited by microwave PACVD. Both WC-Cr-N and WC-Cr-N/NCD composite layers were characterized by HR-SEM, EDS/WDS, XPS, XRD, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. The results show that NCD forms in the range from random NCD grain clusters to a continuous layer depending on the WC-Cr-N layer composition and deposition parameters.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish a call in incoming call control of an Iu-Flex-introduced packet exchange service (PS) even when a subscriber profile in a core network is lost. SOLUTION: A mobile communication system 1 includes an SGSN 8, an RNC 3, and an MSC 9, and handles an incoming call to a mobile communication terminal 2 within the range of the SGSN 8. The SGSN 8 includes: a profile search section 81 for checking whether or not a subscriber profile of the mobile communication terminal 2 is held in the SGSN 8 when there is an incoming call to the mobile communication terminal 2; a TMSI acquisition section 82 for acquiring a TMSI of the mobile communication terminal 2 from the MSC 9 if the subscriber profile is not held in the SGSN 8; and a paging control section 83 for adding the acquired TMSI to a paging command (RANAP_PAGING) to the mobile communication terminal 2 before transmitting it to the RNC 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT


Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality and hospitalization for adult Indigenous peoples. Historical, socio-economic, environmental and cultural risk factors have been identified in the literature and new evidence is emerging regarding culturally relevant health promotion approaches for Indigenous peoples at risk of developing or currently experiencing cardiovascular disease. Self-management of care is considered a central component to effective cardiovascular disease management. This approach requires a working knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease medications, and an ability to effectively communicate with healthcare practitioners. Another important associated risk factor for Indigenous peoples with heart disease, is the gap between patient practitioner understanding of heart disease. The biomedical perspective supported by Western scientific evidence, makes little room for Indigenous knowledge. Indigenous peoples may wish to include Indigenous knowledge and/or Traditional Medicine in their self-care approach. The findings of this research demonstrates that Indigenous peoples primarily have a biomedical understanding of their heart disease and most are unaware of how various socio-historical and socio-cultural factors such as the negative inter-generational impact of residential school and contemporary experiences of oppression and discrimination are linked to their heart disease. This situation can be attributed to an Indigenous knowledge diaspora experience that includes the severance of access to Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous languages during the residential school period and the dominance of biomedicine in health care delivery. The concept of 'diaspora health literacy' is critically discussed as a potential tool to address the Indigenous knowledge diaspora barrier. It is proposed that Indigenous peoples with heart disease can enhance their self-care when culturally relevant health literacy approaches are available to them. In turn, healthcare practitioners can broker an 'Indigenous therapeutic relational space' with their Indigenous patients by initiating a culturally relevant health literacy assessment and a harmonized implementation model. Ph.D. Thesis B. Downey; McMaster University Anthropology


Murine thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes bind autologous erythrocytes via H‐2L‐region‐restricted receptors. After inhibiting autorosetting with different erythrocyte sonicates the specificity of these anti‐self receptors was examined in F1 hybrid and chimaeric mice. Most F1 lymphocytes simultaneously expressed receptors against both parental haplotypes. Furthermore, analysis of lymphocytes from allogeneic and semi‐allogeneic chimaeras clearly demonstrated that radio‐resistant elements in the recipient thymus did not modify the haplotype specificity of the receptors on donor‐derived lymphocytes.


A study has been made of the evolution of the microstructures and textures in three kinds of low-carbon steel sheets (MAFE, BH and IF) having well developed <111>//ND texture that were rolled by low reductions and annealed at 780 °C in Ar atmosphere. The steel sheets developed different microstructures and textures, even though their initial textures and thermomechanical treatments were similar. MAFE steel showed an unusual behavior that grains with high Taylor factors survived and grew very rapidly. This unusual behavior and the differences in microstructure and texture have been discussed.


[Objective]To investigate the effect of Kezhi capsule on hepatic expression of PPAR-γand IR in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)rats.[Methods]High-fat diet was used to induce NASH in SD rats.Treatment groups were given Kezhi capsule and Rosiglitazone at the same time.Eight weeks later,blood samples were harvested to detect aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine transaminase(ALT),cholesterol total(CHO),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL),and triglycerides(TG).Liver tissue samples were taken for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and oil-red O staining.RT-PCR and western blot were used to observe the expression of PPAR-γ/IR mRNA and protein.[Results]Compared with the model group,the levels of serum TG,CHO,LDL,AST,and ALT in Kezhi capsule group were significantly decreased(P0.01).The results of HE and oil-red staining showed that Kezhi capsule lightened steatosis and inflammation.The RT-PCR and western blot results showed that the expression of PPAR-γ/IR mRNA and protein in the liver was remarkably increased in Kezhi capsule group compared with model group(P0.05).[Conclusion]Kezhi capsule has good preventive effect on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats.The mechanism might contribute to the up-regulation of expression of PPAR-γand IR to improve insulin resistance,then regulate the disorder of lipid metabolism and ameliorate hepatic function.


Cracking, yielding, and softening of reinforced concrete cross sections influence the response of reinforced concrete structures to strong ground shaking. The accuracy of peak roof displacement estimates made using relatively simple "equivalent" single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models is investigated. Peak roof drifts of four multistory frames were determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis using high-fidelity models, in which cracking, yielding, and softening of components are explicitly represented in the multidegree-of-freedom model. Estimates of peak roof drift are made using low fidelity "equivalent" single-degree-of-freedom models, in which nonlinearity is represented using simple stiffness-degrading models that capture yielding and the initial stiffness of the model is set equal to the cracked stiffness. Roof drifts are examined for the four frames, each subjected to a suite of ten ground motion records scaled to five intensity levels, representing ordinary "far-field" motions. As might be expected, the influence of the uncracked stiffness on the accuracy of peak roof drift estimates was found to diminish with increasing roof drift. Of greater significance is that the uncracked stiffness had a negligible effect for roof drifts greater than approximately twice the yield drift. The simple estimates were reasonably accurate at these drift levels.


Many industrial servo amplifiers employ power transister as output device. Thyristor converters are not adopted to drive servo motor, although thyristor is superior to power TR in power rating, noise immunity, price, and size. The reason is, thyristor has no ability of self turn - off. Here in this paper line commutation, in which thyristor is turned off naturally since cathode voltage is higher than anode as time goes by, is employed to turn on thyristor with a delicate sequence. We developed thyristor servo amplifier which does not cause any damage on thyristor because it is designed to prevent triggering the two SCRs in the same arm simultaneously. And it was made clearly how to trigger SCR without any power line shorting and also harmonic analysis is carried out with the aid of FFT analyzer and proved that it can be used even severe reactive load. The designed circuit operated as a good DC amplifier in conventinal servomotor and the results can be use as a position control system application.


Side-channel attacks have repeatedly falsified the assumption that cryptosystems are black boxes. Leakage-resilient cryptography studies the robustness of cryptographic constructions when an unforeseen revelation of information occurs. In this context, recently, Benhamouda, Degwekar, Ishai, and Rabin (CRYPTO–2018) motivated the study of the local leakage resilience of secret-sharing schemes against an adversary who obtains independent leakage from each secret share.Motivated by applications in secure computation, Benhamouda et al. (CRYPTO–2018) initiated the study of the local leakage resilience of Shamir's secret-sharing scheme, an essential primitive for nearly all threshold cryptography. The objective is to achieve local leakage resilience with as small a fractional reconstruction threshold as possible. Previously, Benhamouda et al. showed that the reconstruction threshold k being at least 0.907 times the number of parties n is sufficient for Shamir's secretsharing scheme to be resilient against arbitrary single-bit local leakage from each secret share. After that, Maji et al. (CRYPTO–2021) and Benhamouda et al. (Journal of Cryptology–2021) independently lowered this threshold to k/n ⩾ 0.8675 and k/n ⩾0.85, respectively.This paper contributes to this line of research and proves that k/n ⩾ 0.78 is sufficient. Next, motivated by applications in GMW-style leakage-resilient secure computation, our work extends this bound to a more general adversary who corrupts some parties (obtaining their entire secret shares) and obtains leakage from the remaining honest parties' secret shares.Our technical analysis proceeds by Fourier analysis and accurately estimates an exponential sum arising in this analysis.


A Mini-Thesis submitted for transfer of registration from MPhil to Ph.D. 1 Introduction From talking with creators of multimedia documents, it appears that audio is generally considered as an 'endpoint' medium, where there is no way out of the media. Audio and video is used to illustrate points, rather than make them. It would be nice to use the audio as the document rather than as illustrations. There are several problems with this approach, not least the space requirement and that written text is often easier to absorb than the audio equivalent. This author feels that the latter stems from the lack of use of the media; that authors on multimedia documents have not been given the option of using audio as the basis of a document so have never had to look into the problems associated with it. Current work on audio generally consists of systems which classify short digital audio samples (Foote [12], Wold et al [38]), with the aim of helping retrieval. Classification and retrieval of music has also been examined (Pikrakis et al [30], Ghias et al [15], McNab et al [25]). Little attention has been paid to the use of audio as a linking medium. Temporal linking has been considered in the Soundviewer [16] for Microcosm [13] and is beginning to become more mainstream through the development of standards associated with the world wide web, such as SMIL [34]. There is even less literature on links based on content of audio documents, MAVIS [21][22] being an exception. This mini-thesis will present techniques which enable the use of multimedia, specifically audio and music, as the basis of a document. A review of the related work is given in Section 2, followed in Section 3 by an explanation of the author's work so far. Some possible directions for further research are highlighted in Section 4 while Section 5 presents the conclusions, suggested research direction and a plan of work. 4 2 Literature Review This section discusses research related to the topic of this thesis. It starts with an explanation of the term 'navigation' and what it means to navigate audio. Music representations are then considered before examining content based retrieval and navigation. A discussion of open hypermedia, and other issues relating to audio, follows. 2.1 Navigation Anyone who uses the Internet is familiar with navigating around a body of documents. Links are created between documents by embedding …


Ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel is a key factor of competitiveness. This is a serious challenge for companies, and especially research organizations that do not have the capacity in terms of human resource management. The migratory behavior of highly qualified professionals is changing due to unprecedented employment and career development opportunities that have appeared as a result of globalization. Today when choosing a potential employer not only financial interests, but the proximity of mentality and the general cultural background of countries of origin and residence come to the fore. Most experts agree that the mobility of professionals is dictated by some homogeneous interests. However, analysis of the migratory behavior of Russian scientists-transmigrants in Germany refutes this assertion.


Abstract: There are volumes of works that estimate the monetary values of water; however, intangible values of water are often overlooked. This article explores the meaning of value as it relates to certain intangible values. We believe that a better understanding of some non‐market values can improve decision making by water managers.


In further exploring the relationship between teacher behaviors and student learning, this study, part of the National Study of Student Learning, examined how teacher organization and preparation and teacher skill and clarity influenced the development of general cognitive skills in the first year of college. A sample of 2,302 students attending 18 diverse four-year institutions from 15 states throughout the country participated. Data collected in Fall 1992 included a precollege survey that gathered information on student demographic characteristics and background, as well as aspirations, expectations of college, and items assessing orientation to learning. Students also completed the Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency (CAAP) measure. A follow-up testing took place in Spring 1993. Results showed that, when controlling for precollege cognitive level and academic motivation, the average cognitive level of the incoming class at each institution, ethnicity, gender, age, level of enrollment, work responsibilities, and course-taking patterns, the extent to which students judged the overall instruction as high in teacher organization and preparation was significantly and positively associated with end-of-first year reading comprehension, mathematics, critical thinking, and composite cognitive development. Additional analysis suggested that the net cognitive impacts of teacher organization and clarity were general rather than conditional. (Contains 47 references.) (a) NSSL Deliverable Yr 4, Qtr. 3 EFFECTS OF TEACHER ORGANIZATION/PREPARATION AND TEACHER SKILL/CLARITY ON GENERAL COGNITIVE SKILLS IN COLLEGE*


High among the growing number of social media and internet-related challenges
facing contemporary youth is that of hate speech. In this essay, Kaz Ross turns
a spotlight on this viral trend, one that feeds on "fear, hopelessness, anger,
indignation and other heightened emotions", and uses a variety of media forms
to "alienate, threaten, ridicule or even eliminate targets".


true Throughout most of the twentieth century, economic growth was associated with rising median real wages. However, since the early 1980s, measured median real hourly compensation has been stagnant despite robust productivity growth. To the extent that measured real wage growth has occurred, it has been concentrated disproportionately at the upper end of the wage distribution. Many view the lack of growth of median wages over this time period as evidence that the American middle class has not advanced and as a symptom of declining social mobility. The decoupling of measured median real wage growth and productivity growth has been viewed as a puzzle among both academics and policy makers. During this time period, there has also been a separation of wage growth and othermacroeconomic fundamentals. For instance, theUnited States has had record low levels of unemployment in the years prior to the global pandemic, yet during the prepandemic period there was little accompanying wage growth. This presents an apparent contradiction of the long-standing Phillips curve analysis that negatively relates unemployment towage growth. Researchers have begun to dig into this puzzle of late (see, e.g., Del Negro et al. 2020). Recent explanations involve the possibility that we have mismeasured the amount of slack in the economy (Krueger, Cramer, and Cho 2014; Abraham, Haltiwanger, and Rendell 2020) or that we have a flatter


We report our identification of the optical afterglow and host galaxy of the short-duration gamma-ray burst sGRB 160821B. The spectroscopic redshift of the host is z = 0 . 162, making it one of the lowest redshift sGRBs identified by Swift . Our intensive follow-up campaign using a range of ground-based facilities as well as HST , XMM-Newton and Swift , shows evidence for a late-time excess of optical and near-infrared emission in addition to a complex afterglow. The afterglow light-curve at X-ray frequencies reveals a narrow jet, θ j ∼ 1 . 9 +0 . 10 − 0 . 03 deg, that is refreshed at > 1 day post-burst by a slower outflow with significantly more energy than the initial outflow that produced the main GRB. Observations of the 5 GHz radio afterglow shows a reverse shock into a mildly magnetised shell. The optical and near-infrared excess is fainter than AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, and is well explained by a kilonova with dynamic ejecta mass M dyn = (1 . 0 ± 0 . 6) × 10 − 3 M (cid:12) and a secular (postmerger) ejecta mass with M pm = (1 . 0 ± 0 . 6) × 10 − 2 M (cid:12) , consistent with a binary neutron star merger resulting in a short-lived massive neutron star. This optical and near-infrared dataset provides the best-sampled kilonova light-curve without a gravitational wave trigger to date.


Economic and social cohesion at a regional level is one of the main objectives of the European Union (EU). The European regional development policy aims to promote a harmonious, balanced, and sustainable development through inclusive growth. Yet, while economic cohesion, proxied by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, has attracted significant attention with most studies finding little regional convergence since 1985, social cohesion has been virtually ignored. This article tries to cover this gap by asking the question of whether regional convergence in social welfare, measured by Amartya Sen's welfare index, has taken place across regions of the EU-15. Using panel data models with or without spatial interaction effects, we find that the absence of convergence in GDP per capita is not matched in terms of social welfare. Welfare levels have converged significantly across European regions and this convergence has been built on a series of structural and institutional factors, among which female participation in the labor force is the most relevant.


Assessment of flood hazard and damage is a prerequisite for flood risk management in the river basins. The mitigation plans for flood risk management are mostly evaluated in quantified terms as it is important in decision making process. Therefore, analysis of flood hazards and quantitative assessment of potential flood damage is very essential for mitigating and managing flood risk. This study focused on assessment of flood hazard and quantitative agricultural damage in the Bagmati River basin including Lal Bakaiya River basin of Nepal under climate change conditions. Flood hazards were simulated using Rainfall Runoff Inundation (RRI) model. MRI-AGCM3.2S precipitation outputs of present and future climate scenarios were used to simulate flood hazards, flood inundation depth, and duration. Flood damage was assessed in the agricultural sector, focusing on flood damage to rice crops. The flood damage assessment was conducted by defining flood damage to rice crops as a function of flood depth, duration, and growth stage of rice plants and using depth-duration-damage function curves for each growth stage of rice plants. The hazard simulation and damage assessment were conducted for 50- and 100-year return period cases. The results show that flood inundation area and agricultural damage area may increase in the future by 41.09 % and 39.05 % in the case of 50-year flood, while 44.98 % and 40.76 % in the case of 100-year flood. The sensitivity to changes in flood extent area and damage with the intensity of return period was also analyzed.


A process for manufacturing a photonic circuit (400) comprises: manufacturing on a first wafer (101) a first layer stack comprising an underclad oxide layer (102) and a high refractive index waveguide layer (103); patterning the high refractive index waveguide layer (103') to generate a passive photonic structures; planarizing the first layer stack with a planarizing oxide layer (104) having a thickness below 300 nanometers above the high refractive index waveguide layer (103); annealing the patterned high refractive indemanufacturing on a first wafer (101) a first layer stack comprising an underclad oxide layer (102) and a high refractive index waveguide layer (103); patterning the high refractive index waveguide layer (103') to generate a passive photonic structures; planarizing the first layer stack with a planarizing oxide layer (104) having a thickness below (300) nanometers above the high refractive index waveguide layer (103); annealing the patterned high refractive index waveguide layer (103") before and/or after the planarizing oxide layer; manufacturing on a second wafer (201) a second layer stack comprising a detachable mono-crystalline silicon waveguide layer (203) transferring and bonding the first layer stack and the second layer stack; manufacturing active photonic devices in the mono-crystalline silicon waveguide layer (203'); and realizing evanescent coupling between the mono-crystalline silicon waveguide layer (203') and the high refractive index waveguide layer (103').


Since 1948, C&EN's editorial lineup has included its annual Facts & Figures for the Chemical Industry feature. This has long been the most exhaustive compilation of industry statistics published in any magazine. Since 1979, C&EN has also presented each year the companion Facts & Figures for Chemical R&D. So this special C&EN issue celebrating the 1923-98 era of the chemical enterprise in the U.S. would be incomplete without a presentation of the statistics of the major chemical parameters over the past 75 years. All of the data sets presented here go back at least to the post-World War n period. But many do not go back all the way to 1923. This is for a variety of reasons. For instance, some now very important sectors of the chemical world, such as thermoplastics, did not exist 75 years ago. For some other measures, the level of activity in the early years was so low compared with ...


Porous tablets of hemihydrate are hydrated with water or water vapor at 20°C, CaSO 4 . 1/2 H 2 0 + 3/2 H 2 O → CaSO 4 . 2 H 2 O. The tablets are under the variable pressure of a movable piston and may shrink or swell. Expansion against the pressure has been observed up to 121 bar with water and up to 20 bar with water vapor. The experimental results are discussed under thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Supplementary gravimetric measurements under vapor, without piston, were carried out at 20°C and 70°C. At 70°C the stepwise transformation hemihydrate → gypsum → anhydrite II within some weeks has been observed, in agreement with Ostwald's step rule. At 70°C gypsum is metastable, in contrast to 20°C. Heavy damages caused by the formation of gypsum in overground and underground building were adequate reasons for this study.


The present study examined the nature, prevalence, and covariates of depressive symptoms among home‐dwelling poststroke patients in Japan using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS‐1). Poststroke results were compared with those of elderly with affective disorders and with those of healthy nonstroke elderly.


Beth Driscoll. The New Literary Middlebrow: Tastemakers and Reading in the Twenty-First Century. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 240 pp. ISBN: 9781137402912 (Hardcover: £55.00) 9781137402936 (EPUB: AU$61.86) 9781137402929 (PDF: AU$126.53) http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/the-new-literary-middlebrow-bethdriscoll/?K=9781137402912One of the things the sociology of reading usefully does is challenge the givenness of structures of value we tend to take for granted. It documents the way in which particular values tend to become associated with particular social groups, and it undermines the hierarchies of value with which academic literary studies implicitly works.Recent studies of middlebrow culture, beginning with Joan Rubin's The Making of Middlebrow Culture (1992) and Janice Radway's A Feeling for Books: The Book-of-the-Month Club, Literary Taste and Middle-Class Desire (1997), have delineated a reading formation prevalent in the mid-twentieth century which is at once highly commercial and culturally aspirational: a culture of reverence for 'quality' writing which it wants in an easily digestible form (the Reader's Digest is one of its manifestations). Beth Driscoll's study extends this analysis into the contemporary period, focusing on a number of key institutions of middlebrow culture: the book club, and its mass-mediated model in Oprah's Book Club; the use of the Harry Potter novels to teach particular engaged and identificatory ways of reading; the world of literary prizes; and the literary festival. Middlebrow culture in the contemporary worldis personalized book recommendations on Amazon, or a cafe in the middle of an independent bookstore. It is a literary prize's Twitter feed or a movie star's soldout appearance at a writer's festival. It is online cultural magazines such as Salon.com or Slate.com, or a book club that watches Austen TV adaptations. (5)What holds all this together is a set of characteristics that roughly define a distinctive formation: middlebrow culture is 'middle-class, reverential towards elite culture, entrepreneurial, mediated, feminized, emotional, recreational and earnest' (6).Now, much of this seems to me to be straightforwardly accurate, and Driscoll does a thorough and thoughtful job of working out the cultural and institutional dimensions of her analysis. In particular, she makes a strong case for there being a distinctively feminised mode of reading, which values affective identification with characters, which looks for a reflection of its own experiences in their lives, and which is 'ethical' in the sense of exercising moral judgement on a world that is taken to be close to the real world: this regime looks for 'stories of personal growth and moral redemption,' and sees reading 'as part of a larger project of moral improvement' (40). Lauren Berlant's model of the intimate public sphere-the creation of a '"porous, affective scene of identification among strangers that promises a certain experience of belonging"' (63, citing Lauren Berlant, The Female Complaint)-is appropriately invoked here, although I think Driscoll misses Berlant's point about the politically fantasmatic nature of this scene of identification. The chapter on Oprah admirably fleshes out the characteristics of this feminised and therapeutic mode of reading, and it's nicely complemented by the chapter on literary festivals, which are 'attended predominantly by middle-class women, promote reading practices that are emotional, earnest and highly mediated, inflected by respect for literary stars and enmeshed in the commercial structures of the publishing industry' (153).My concern, however, is with what exactly it means to call this reading formation 'middlebrow,' and what it means to call it 'middle class.' Let me make a couple of subsidiary points before I take up this concern. First, the feminised reading formation described here has much older antecedents than the mid-twentieth-century culture of the various Great Books series, the Reader's Digest, and the Book-of-the-Month Club; Driscoll alludes briefly to the prevalence of female authors in the early history of the novel, and it might have been useful to explore Nancy Armstrong's argument about the role of 'domestic fiction' in forming the culture-and thereby the hegemonic social role-of the English middle classes in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. …


Inpatient settings have been the focus of most antimicrobial stewardship (AS) practices; however, the Joint Commission has now published requirements for accredited ambulatory healthcare organizations to implement AS. This analysis aimed to create a urine isolate antibiogram and to evaluate microbiological data and prescribing practices for UTI patients in the ED.

 This retrospective cohort study included adults admitted to either of two EDs at University of Minnesota Medical Center and diagnosed with a UTI between 1/1/2018 and 12/31/2018. Patients were excluded if subsequently admitted to an inpatient unit or if they had a repeat culture growing the same organism as the index isolate. Diagnosis of cystitis versus pyelonephritis was based on ICD-10 coding. Data including urinalysis and culture results, susceptibilities, empiric antibiotic selection, and readmissions were collected.

 Data from 350 isolates were collected for inclusion in the antibiogram. Patient characteristics corresponding to this isolate collection included 78.9% female, median age of 41 years, and 64.6% diagnosed with pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli was the most common organism (70%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.4%) and Proteus mirabilis (4%). Combined susceptibilities of E. coli isolates from both EDs were: 49.4% ampicillin, 55.7% ampicillin/sulbactam, 69.8% sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 83.7% ciprofloxacin (CIP), 85.7% cefazolin, 93.9% ceftriaxone, and 94.3% nitrofurantoin (NIT). The most common discharge antibiotics prescribed for cystitis patients were NIT (29.8%) and cephalexin (25%). Pyelonephritis patients were most frequently prescribed CIP (32.3%) and cefdinir (14.2%). Drug-bug mismatches occurred in 19.1% of patients (10.5% cystitis vs. 23.9% pyelonephritis). The rates of ED readmission within 96-hours and inpatient admission within 30 days, for any reason, were 4.3% and 9.1% respectively.

 Based on the ED-specific urine antibiogram generated, NIT (cystitis) and CIP (pyelonephritis) could be considered first-line agents for empiric treatment of UTI at our institution. Drug-bug mismatches were more common in pyelonephritis patients. These data will be used to develop a treatment algorithm aimed at improving treatment of UTI in the ED.

 Elizabeth B. Hirsch, PharmD, Merck (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member)


Oral histories, for all their worth as primary sources, take on even greater value by defying instrumentality-by protecting lived experience and memory from historians' arguments and narratives. In the historiography of the twentieth-century American Left, personal testimony serves as a counterweight to the tendency toward a kind of reverse Whiggism in which inevitable (or overdetermined) decline and defeat replace progress and triumph. Perhaps this reverse Whiggism is itself inevitable in any long view of radicalism's fortunes, especially when, at the century's end, an organized and powerful Left exists only in the persecution complexes, paranoid fantasies, and political demonology of the dominant Right. But political and labor historians have recently begun to recognize the dangers of what Robin L. Einhorn calls narratives of "irrevocable loss." "If we believe that the really important battles were irrevocably lost years ago," Einhorn writes, "there seems little reason to write history." George Lipsitz, Dana Frank, and others now urge their colleagues to stake out a middle ground between celebration and despair and to discover a place for contingency and hope in the stories they tell.' The "D" words-decline, defeat, disillusionment, despair-certainly find their way into Paul Avrich's eloquent Anarchist Voices. "What would you think if I told you that anarchism is a pipe-dream?" asks Laurance Labadie, son of the anarchist printer and archivist Joseph A. Labadie (p. 16). Lena Shlakman, who read Kropotkin as a sixteen-year-old factory worker in Vilna and then saw him speak in New York, confessed after her 101st birthday that "now I am discouraged. I don't believe that 'it'-the free society-will ever come" (p. 328). Many of Avrich's subjects speak in generational terms. A


Over the past 20 years there has been an increase in the growth of computer-based assessments. Advances in technology have allowed test developers to better deal with issues such as developing and calibrating large numbers of items, controlling item exposure, and developing new test and scoring models. Possible advantages of computer-based testing include testing on demand, reduced time requirements, and immediate scoring. In addition, more realistic items may be developed that include full color, high-resolution graphics, full-motion video, and the ability to pan in and out and rotate objects. However, the development and use of computer-delivered assessments is not without its challenges. To help understand and meet these challenges, Educational TestingServicesponsoredacolloquiumfocusedoncomputer-based testing (CBT) in the fall of 1998. Invited articles were followed by sessions to identify the most salient issues and discuss research priorities. This volume is the result of the colloquium.


The effects of N2O nitridation and subsequent annealing in different conditions on thermally oxidized n-type 6H–silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) interface properties were investigated. Influence of high-field stress on the MOS system was also studied. The nitrided device annealed in dry or wet O2 is found to have lower interface-state density compared to the device annealed in N2 because the reoxidation can reduce nitridation-induced interface damage. Furthermore, significantly less shift of flatband voltage during high-field stress for all nitrided devices indicates much better oxide reliability by replacing strained Si–O bonds with stronger Si–N bonds during nitridation. This is further supported by the fact that annealing of the nitrided device in dry or wet oxygen slightly reduces the robustness of the oxide. In summary, the O2-annealing conditions have to be optimized to deliver a proper tradoff between interface quality and reliability.


In continuation of our earlier work on tribochemical reactions[1-5], we report herein the synthesis of[Cu(L 1 ) Cl 2 .H 2 O]Cl.1⁄2EtOH (L 1 = {[(phenyl-amino methyl) thioxomethyl] hydrazinocarbonyl methyl} pyridinium chloride; PTHPC), by conventional chemical method in absolute EtOH. The isolated Cu complex was used as a starting material to prepare the novel Cu complex by tribochemical reaction using KI. In fact few studies are reported on the ligands under investigation containing thiourea and/or thiosemicarbazide moieties and their S.M.A.Al-Ashqar, M.M.Mostafa* Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, (SAUDI ARABIA) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 15, Mansoura, (EGYPT) E-mail: mmostafa84@ yahoo.com Received:7 July, 2008 ; Accepted: 12 July, 2008


Communication among students and faculty from different disciplines – sometimes widely different disciplines – is one of the major challenges facing those trying to mingle civil engineering students with students from other disciplines in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary classrooms. Of particular difficulty is trying to bridge the chasm that seems to separate engineering and humanities students, both in terms of their respective worldviews and the language by which they tend to express those views. Yet when such students are put together into multidisciplinary courses, regardless of the level, a common foundation in terminology, concepts, and techniques is needed to bridge that chasm. Establishing such a foundation is difficult: not only is there a risk of overwhelming students new to the topics, there is also the hazard of losing the interest of students who may already have an established interest in it. This paper describes the techniques used in a water resources management course offered at the University of Utah to bridge the communication barriers among students from civil engineering, humanities, and other disciplines. The strategies and techniques employed in a second offering of the course are described, and the successes and areas for improvement identified through the assessment are highlighted. New tactics applied include lesson learning objectives, student journals, outside events (e.g., conferences and seminars), instructor interaction and disciplinary role playing, and multidisciplinary teams for in-class exercises and the semester project. The course was assessed using an opinion survey of students, an embedded assessor, and instructor reflection on student performance and feedback. The assessment identified several methods to be effective for improving communication among disciplines. Based on a synthesis of assessment tools, guided class discussions, access to outside water resources related events, pre-planned instructor interaction and disciplinary role playing, and multidiscipline teams were found to be the most effective methods to improve communication between students from civil engineering, humanities, and other disciplines.


In everyday live head gestures such as head shaking or nodding and hand gestures like pointing gestures form important aspects of human-human interaction. Therefore, recent research considers integrating these intuitive communication cues into technical systems for improving and easing human-computer interaction. In this paper we present a vision-based system to recognize head gestures (nodding, shaking, neutral) and dynamic hand gestures (hand moving right/left/up/down, fist moving right/left) in real-time. The gestural input delivers a communication modality for a human-robot interaction scenario situated in an assistive household environment. The use of fast low-level image-feature extraction methods contributes to the real-time capability of the system and advanced classification approaches relying on Graphical Models provide high robustness. Graphical Models offer the possibility to group the input features in several sub-nodes resulting in a better classification than obtained via a traditional Hidden Markov Model classification. The applied grouping can regard interdependencies owing to, either physical constraints (like for the head gestures), or interrelations between shape and motion (like for the hand gestures).


One of the important stages of fingerprint recognition is the registration of the fingerprints with respect to the original template. This is not a straightforward task as fingerprint images may have been subject to rotations and translations. Popular techniques for fingerprint registration use a reference point to achieve alignment. The drawback of existing methods of core/reference point detection is their poor performance on rotated images. In this paper, we propose a new approach for rotation invariant and reliable reference point detection applicable to fingerprints of different quality and types. Our approach is based on the integration of a directional vector field (representing the doubled ridge orientations in fingerprints) over a closed contour. We define the reference point as the point of the highest curvature. Areas of high curvature in the fingerprint are characterized by large differences in the orientations and correspond to high curvatures in the directional vector fields. Closed contour integrals of orientation vector field, defined as above, over a circle centered around the reference point corresponds to maximal closed curve integrals, and the values associated with such integrals are rotation invariant. Experimental results prove that with the proposed approach we can locate the reference point with high accuracy. Comparison with existing methods is provided.


The Dao Yuan and World Red Swastika Society was a new popular religious and charity organization,originated in the Republic of China and developed very quickly in over half of China and abroad.It survived more than 30 years and then declined because of the complicated,internal and external reasons.The World Red Swastika Society carried out various beneficent activities and won good reputation in the society.We should evaluate it with correct analysis based on specific problems.In this way,we may work out correct conclusions truly evaluating its role in history.


The article features the main stages of the formation of the landscape thinking. New tasks of the city- planning, global consideration of the worldwide environmental problems, depletion of the natural resources and, as a result, strife towards environmental sustainability has lead to the necessity to rethink the former approach for the transformation of the open environment. Here we see a landscape inversion. Vision of landscape architects becomes the model of city design and planning process: the cultural and natural potential of the territory represents as a base material, and park territories are the important form-building and organizing element of the city environment. The natural component is becoming determinative in the city-planning process. By the end of the ХХ century the professional community has formed ideology, based on the fact that the urbanized environment is the cultural landscape, part of the natural landscape and the global ecosystem and it is directly reflected in the targets of the project process: conservation of the biological diversity, philosophical understanding of the created image, artistic and ornamental expression of the material history of the city, addition of the educational components, etc. Landscape urbanism exactly characterizes the new way of development of city-planning where the concept of the landscape supersedes the architecture as the base of modern urbanism. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary approach to environment transformation. The landscape is perceived not only like lens whereby we look at the city; it becomes a basis of modern methodology of environmental design.


Pre‐transplant modification of porcine islets may improve their suitability for clinical use in diabetes management by supporting graft function and reducing the potential for xeno‐rejection. The present study investigates intra‐graft incorporation of stem cells that secrete beta (β)‐cell trophic and immunomodulatory factors to preserve function and alter immune cell responsiveness to porcine islets.


This essay is focused on schumann's Adagio and Allegro. This paper will introduce the composer's life, analysis of the musical piece, the appropriate ways of interpretation, and some technical recommendations.In particular, this paper shows his struggle to establish a personal musical style and demonstrates his remarkable craftsmanship, accompanyied with a detailed analysis of the stylistic practice and musical structure.


A method for the synthesis of antenna arrays with an arbitrary shape of the aperture outer boundary by preassigned amplitude distributions of equivalent linear antennas is proposed. The proposed method distinguishes the matrix expression, which connects an amplitude distribution in the flat array antenna with equivalent linear antenna distribution. The results obtained confirm the efficiency of the method and the possibility of its application for the tasks of forming the required directional characteristics, correcting the amplitude distribution in the event of antenna element failures, as well as for evaluating the shape of the outer boundary of the array antenna aperture.


In order to know why the nurses took part in the self-study examination of nursing specialty in higher education. The studies of adults' learning motivation at home and abroad were reviewed. Most of these studies showed adults' learning motivation was diversiform. The chief motivation for learning was "to improve working level"; The adults' strong motivation should be encourged. Findings of these studies may serve as a foundation for the relevant adults' educational institutions in their decision-making regarding determining the educational contents and the curriculums to meet the needs of the adults.


The amplification of low repetition rate, 1.534µm pulses from a DFB laser diode to peak output powers of 111kW and energies of 0.5mJ is demonstrated. The optimised amplifier chain comprised two high efficiency single-mode, 980nm (40mW) pumped erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) separated from a multimode, 978nm (1.5W) pumped EDFA by an acousto optic gate.


Hyperthyroidism remains the most commonly diagnosed endocrinopathy in older cats. Measurement of total thyroxine (tT4) is diagnostic in most cases, but results within the reference interval may be obtained in cats with early hyperthyroidism and those with concurrent disease. Further thyroid function testing may include measurement of free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone, or re-testing tT4 after 4 weeks. Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity and both diseases should be optimally managed, including definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism if indicated. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism may occur whatever treatment modality is used and, given the association with azotaemia and a poorer prognosis, should be treated with thyroxine.


To study the pharmacokinetics of single increasing intravenous doses (40–160 mg) and repeated doses (80 mg for 7 days) of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC‐SOD) in Japanese volunteers and to compare the pharmacokinetics of PC‐SOD between Caucasians and Japanese. The Japanese study consisted of 2 parts: a single‐dose, open‐label, dose‐escalation part and a multiple‐dose, singleblind, placebo‐controlled part. The pharmacokinetics of PC‐SOD were determined using noncompartmental and compartmental methods. Pharmacokinetic data from a study with PC‐SOD in Caucasians were reanalyzed using the same methodology. The mean (SD) terminal half‐life of PC‐SOD in Japanese subjects was 25 (4) hours for the 40‐mg and 80‐mg doses and 31 (15) hours for the 160‐mg dose. There was nonlinearity between dose‐normalized Cmax and clearance (P values .002 and .022). After multiple dosing, steady state was reached after 5 days. The observed accumulation ratio was 2.6 (0.5). The pharmacokinetics of the single 80‐mg dose were similar for Japanese and Caucasians. The pharmacokinetics of PC‐SOD was shown to be nonlinear with dose, which may be attributable to a saturable clearing mechanism. The relatively long half‐life of PC‐SOD (>24 hours) suggests that it is worthwhile to study the compound as a protective agent in clinical conditions with free radical overload.


Abstract:This article examines the relationship between different district-level decision-making bodies in the late nineteenth-century Ottoman context. Using Sharia court records and property registers produced in the rural Syrian district of Salt as well as investigations from the district that reached Istanbul, it explores the roles and personnel of various courts and bureaucratic offices involved in allocating rights to landed property and settling disputes over land. The article aims to add nuance to recent characterizations of the late Ottoman legal system as pluralistic by exploring the complexities of litigant experience, particularly the practice of forum shopping. It finds that while state-sanctioned forum shopping in the realm of property law in Salt was limited, litigants did benefit from the Sharia court's acceptance of debt claims to obtain official mention of mortgages contracted outside the property administration's purview on an extra-state land market. The article argues that this market constituted a challenge to the state's attempts to survey and tax every piece of land in the district rather than state-sanctioned legal pluralism. Forum shopping also occurred in a context of bureaucratic expansion, with litigants' experience of and participation in Ottoman governance becoming more intensive through practices of land surveying, registration and taxation.


maintaining their function and integrity. Rapid growth of solid tumours often results in the development of a hypoxic microenvironment. Adaptation to the hypoxic microenvironment leads to the selection of certain malignant tumour phenotypes, characterized by abnormal neovascularization, invasion, metastasis Effects of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on the growth & adhesion in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells


In this study,the beetle-killed lodgepole pine from the Province of British Columbia,Canada was used as the raw material for steam explosion to investigate the effects of the process of bioethanol production with enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation.The results indicated that the lower SO2 absorption and the lower moisture content(dry basis) of the raw material affected the efficiency of the steam explosion;Water-washing on the pretreated substrate had no significantly influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis.The cellulose-glucose conversions were kept as 42% without significant variation while the substrate consistency increased from 20 mg/mL to 150 mg/mL,which implied that increasing the substrate consistency had no significant influence on enzymatic hydrolysis.Additionally,the fermentation results showed that the exploded substrate without water-washing was beneficial for subsequent fermentation.The ethanol yield in SHF and SSF only could reach 66% and 55%,respectively,compared with the theoretical ethanol yield.As a result,applying SO2-catalyzed steam explosion for enzymatic hydrolysis with lower SO2 absorption and lower moisture content of raw material is not very efficient and needs further optimization for the lodgepole pine.


Uneven distribution of seismic demand in asymmetric-plan structures is a widely investigated issue in the field of earthquake engineering. Contemporary seismic design strategies, which are based on linear elastic behaviour of the structure and employ uniform design parameters (single load reduction factor, etc.) throughout an asymmetric system, generally show poor performance in terms of realized ductilities and non-uniform damage distribution due to strong torsional coupling associated with asymmetric-plan systems. In some cases, actual nonlinear behaviour of the structure display significant deviation from what is estimated by a linear elastic seismic design. This study investigates ways to predict uneven seismic demand distribution among structural members of a single story asymmetric-plan system. Amount of overstrength present in a single story asymmetric structure is inspected parametrically. By providing a measured amount of overstrength to the appropriate structural elements, an optimum design in terms of balanced inelastic seismic demands along an asymmetric-plan story is sought. The results obtained from the parametric study of the asymmetric system are utilized to study complex relationships between the design parameters and their effects to the asymmetric seismic response. Using these relationships, Torsional Performance Spectra are compiled and proposed as a design tool to estimate the seismic response of the actual multi-story asymmetric structures.


A new passivation film: evaporated CdTe/ZnS combination film was grown on HgCdTe and the interface was characterized by capacitance-voltage (CV) characteristics of metal-insulator- semiconductor (MIS) test structures. Under proper processing conditions, the interface electrical parameters are: density of fixed charge approximately -4.0 X 1010 cm-2, density of slow state approximately 5.1 X 1010cm-2, density of fast interface state approximately 2.7 X 1011cm-2eV-1, and the time stability is good. These results show CdTe/ZnS double layer film is suitable for passivation of HgCdTe infrared detectors. We have also investigated single layer ZnS and anodic oxide/CdTe/ZnS triple layer film and found that the time stability of ZnS isn't good, and there exists too high density of fixed positive charge at the triple layer film//HgCdTe interface.


To control the emitting color, we designed new PPVs containing silicon and nitrogen atoms to act as the ?-conjugation interrupt units. According to the monomer feeding ratios, the emitting light revealed from blue to red.


Abstract : In this report we summarize the following research accomplishments: (a) combining our research on inverse problems with our work on the development of multiresolution stochastic models in order to develop novel and very efficient methods for the fusion and inversion of heterogeneous and multiresolution sensor data; (b) developing a significant extension of the use of our scale recursive multiresolution models for the modeling of spatial phenomena based both on a novel application of the concept of canonical correlations in statistics and on relaxing the relationship between variables in our multiresolution representations and the spatial variables they represent; (c) developing multiresolution models for SAR imagery and the use of these models as thesis for new and very effective likelihood feature for the discrimination of man made objects and natural clutter; and (d) developing a new method for signal approximation and feature extraction known as high resolution pursuit that produces stable and physically meaningful features and the application of this method to high range resolution radar data.


Abstract. The Robust Singular Value Decomposition algorithm (RSVD) was used to identify damaged structure using frequency response functions (FRFs). The experimental data were obtained from a laminate beam. The routine uses robust statistics and analysis was done in a data set from healthy and damaged structure. This technique has being developed for FRFs at high frequency range, which have showed to be more sensitive to small damages. In this work are presented results for detection algorithm in different frequency ranges, effectiveness of coherence signal applied to measurement dataset, FRF signal resolution, RSVD parameters and computational costs. Keywords: Singular value decomposition, Structural health monitoring, laminated structure, damage detection


Commissioner of Education Mike Morath announced today that Kara Belew will serve as Deputy Commissioner of Finance for the Texas Education Agency (TEA).


In this note, G always denotes a finite group. A representation of G is said to be rational if it is afforded by a vector space V over Q. The purpose of this article is to investigate several relationships between the characters of rational representations of G and some induced characters of G. Let H be a subgroup of G and π be a linear representation of H. Recall that the we defined the induced representaion iHπ on the vector space V = {f : G → V |f(hg) = π(h)f(g), h ∈ H, g ∈ G}. If π = 1 is trivial, then f(hg) = f(g) for all f ∈ V . Therefore, V is the space of left H-invariant functions on G, i.e., functions on the set of right cosets H\G. The induced representation iH1 is said to be a permutation representation of G. In particular, it is the right regular representation when H = {1}. By the Frobenius character formula, χiGH1(g) = [G : H] · Number of conjugates of g lying in H Total number of conjugates of g in G for g ∈ G. These permutation characters χiGH1 induced by subgroups H of G actually span all permutation characters of G. In other words, if χ is a permutation character of G, then there exist subgroups H1, H2, · · · , Hr and integers c1, c2, · · · , cr such that χ = ∑r k=1 kiHk1 . Moreover, the subgroups Hk that occur in the decomposition are precisely the stablizers of the orbits of the permutation representation ([3]). On the other hand, characters of rational representations of G can also be expressed as Q-linear combinations of induced characters from subgroups of G. This famous result is the essence of the next section.


Extracted from text ... 74
Book Review
POLICY THAT WORKS FOR FORESTS AND PEOPLE:
Real prospects for governance and livelihoods.
James Mayers and Stephen Bass
International Institute for Environment and Development
Published by Earthscan 2004 ISBN 1 - 84407 - 096 - 4
Soft-cover, 352 pp, 21 figures
Price: ? 35 or US$ 60
The first edition of Policy That Works for Forests and People was published in 1999 and was soon established as
a key text for students and professionals. Indeed, others beyond the forest sector also began to realise that the
ingredients of 'living' policy processes, highlighted in this book, ..


Results Both cortisol- and blood pressure levels were increased in the stress group, while in the control group these levels showed a steady decrease or remained stable (all p<.005), confirming the effectiveness of the stress manipulation. Compared to the control group, the stress group showed increased functional connectivity of the amygdalae with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) (see Figure 1). There were no changes in connectivity between the two groups in any of the other regions of interest. Exploratory, it was investigated whether a higher stress cortisol response was associated with higher connectivity between amygdala and the PCC and mOFC. However, there were no correlations between mean area under the curve cortisol (AUC-increase) values and individual z-scores extracted from these regions.


The invention relates to a reclamation method for hot galvanizing acid waste liquid, which is used for reclaiming hot galvanizing waste liquid. The hot galvanizing waste liquid at least contains iron ions, zinc ions and hydrochloric acid. The method comprises the following steps: treating the hot galvanizing waste liquid by using a diffusive dialysis method to obtain a reclamation solution containing the hydrochloric acid, a small amount of the zinc ions and a complex of the zinc ions, and a residual solution containing the iron ions and the zinc ions respectively; and using the residual solution as a water treatment medicament.


The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential use of RADARSAT‐1 images to assess daily variations in dead fuel moisture over a northern boreal forest area, as parameterized by the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System. The study area was located in the south‐central region of Canada's Northwest Territories and was comprised of three land cover classes (mature forest, burned forest, and fireguard areas). Nineteen RADARSAT‐1 images were acquired over the study area in June 2000 and August 2002, and their backscatter was compared to weather data and to the FWI System components. In both cases, the influences of incident angle and land cover class were measured. Radar backscatter was related to rainfall, and strong relationships were observed with the FWI System codes and indexes, particularly for Duff Moisture Code (R 2 = 0.68–0.83), Drought Code (R 2 = 0.77–0.82), Build‐up Index (R 2 = 0.72–0.86), and FWI (R 2 = 0.62–0.85). The best regression models were obtained using a stepwise regression procedure in which radar backscatter from the burned forest was used as the independent variable.