A small prostrate filamentous brown alga, isolated from the warm temperate Pacific coast of Japan, was cultured to investigate its life history, morphology, ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position. The isolate had an isomorphic, diphasic life history with anisogamous sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis was regulated by temperature and occurred only at temperatures ≤14°C. At higher temperatures, gametophytes reproduced by means of asexual zoids. All swarmers from plurilocular and unilocular zoidangia lacked an eyespot. Both sporophytes and gametophytes had oligostichous filamentous axes, lateral hairs with a basal sheath and no erect thalli. Three to eight oblong chloroplasts, each with a protruding pyrenoid, aggregated to form a stellate chloroplast configuration. All these morphological features suggested that this alga belongs to the genus Asterocladon. Plurilocular gametangia produced in an intercalary or terminal position and zoids lacking eyespots, are, however, unlike those of Asterocladon lobatum, formerly the only member of the genus. Therefore, we described the alga as a new taxon, Asterocladon interjectum sp. nov. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the large RUBISCO subunit (rbcL) and partial SSU nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that A. interjectum, A. lobatum and Asteronema rhodochortonoides together formed a monophyletic clade, sister to the Ectocarpales sensu lato. Because the molecular phylogenetic analyses showed Asteronema to be paraphyletic, but monophyly of Asterocladon spp. and Asteronema rhodochortonoides was supported by the absence of cytoplasmic invaginations in pyrenoids, Asteronema rhodochortonoides was transferred to Asterocladon and an emended generic circumscription of Asterocladon was included.


The research results of chemical composition, biological value, particularly fatty acid and amino acid composition are given in the article. Parameters of amino acid swift and microbiological safety indicators of chopped beef steaks are defined. Parameters of heat-stable elastic emulsion using based on sodium alginate and oil are defined in the composition of chopped beef steak and microbiological safety indicators of finished products, including chopped beef steaks, are defined


Abstract This paper surveys the recent theory of traces on ideals of Hilbert space operators. The main purpose is to summarize a new approach, which was developed by the author in the last decade. We sincerely hope that our simple and elegant methods will be helpful for many people working in non-commutative geometry, pseudo-differential operators, and mathematical physics, where traces have become useful tools. Historical comments and open problems should serve to complete the picture.


The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers to including sustainability in management education institutions (MEIs) in India, and subsequently, to analyze the structure of the causal relationships among the barriers.,In this study, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory methodology are applied to analyze the structure of the causal relationships among the identified sustainability barriers.,Through an extensive literature review and expert interviews, this paper identified 4 primary barriers and 46 sub-barriers. Encompassing sustainability in Indian MEIs results in changes in behavior involving increased respect for the environment, hence, leading to improved sustainable efficiency.,The present study is limited to MEIs in India.,The inclusion of sustainability in MEIs equips future managers with the economic, ecological and technical knowledge required to demonstrate sustainable behavior in the workplace. It assists also equips managers with the ability to affect social change at an organizational level. MEIs has been acknowledged as playing a crucial role in societal transformations, including the need for transformation toward sustainability.,The present study adds to the current knowledge base regarding the structure of the causal relationships among the identified sustainability barriers. To the author's knowledge, this is the first paper to identify such barriers to including sustainability in an Indian MEI context.


In vocational college, industry-university cooperation is effective mode to develop top-quality talents, and cooperation between polytechnic and enterprises is the key teaching mode to sustain vocational education. According to the theory of Singapore "Teaching Factary", this paper explore and practice the taching mode's process of "Unified Teaching and Scientific Research".


There is a growing interest in transplanting corals onto the intertidal section of artificial coastal defences (e.g., seawalls) as an ecological engineering strategy to enhance biodiversity on urban shores. However, this inevitably results in exposure to the harsh environmental conditions associated with emersion (aerial exposure). Although the effects of a multitude of environmental stressors on corals have been examined, their photophysiological and gene expression responses to emersion stress remain understudied, as does the among-genotype variation in these responses. In this study, we conducted an in situ experiment to test the effects of increased daily emersion duration on a locally common intertidal coral, Dipsastraea cf. lizardensis. Coral fragments (n = 3) from five genotypically distinct colonies were subjected to two treatments: (1) increased daily emersion duration (~4.5 h d−1) and, (2) control (~3 h d−1) for three consecutive days during spring low tide. We examined the post-experimental photophysiological responses and expression level of a stress-associated gene, Hsp16. Relative to the controls, coral fragments that were exposed to longer daily emersion duration displayed significantly reduced effective quantum yield, while endosymbiont density varied significantly among genotypes across the experimental conditions. We found no significant differences in chlorophyll a concentration and Hsp16 gene expression level, suggesting that changes in these processes may be gradual and the duration of treatment that the corals were subjected to is likely within their tolerance limits. Taken together, it appears that D. cf. lizardensis displays substantial capacity to cope with sup-optimal conditions associated with emersion which makes it a promising candidate for transplantation onto intertidal seawalls. However, within-species variation in their stress response indicates that not all genotypes respond similarly to emersion, and this should be taken into account when selecting donor colonies for transplantation.


The developmental course of Compaq introduces us a problem that in company management structure the managemental ability of company leaders fails to match up to the correlated environments, namely, one of cognitive behavior.The competition hi-tech enterprises face is characterized by the fact that the enterprises with ability of quick reaction defeat those with slow one, essentially, which is a problem--whether the transformational mechanism of cognitive model is quick or slow. What is called cognitive model refers to those hypotheses and preconceived ideas which exist in human being's mind and influence his behavior .The point of study-typed organization lies in the fact that it can improve people's intelligence or cognitive model .In the trend that competition is steadily developing itself into behavioral competition among enterprises, it should be a best choice that enterprises, with proper combination with study-typed organization, sustained study and keeping improving their cognitive model , upgrade their competitive power .


This paper takes its inspiration from Voth's [2000] work on Time and Work in England, 1750–1830 which argues that the British industrial revolution led to greater production levels not because of an increase in the productivity of labor but because of the larger amount of hours worked per week. This change led to a decrease of free time in favor of worked time. If this was the case, one might argue, accounting played a marginal role either in increasing the efficiency of the work force, or in disciplining the shop floor to guarantee control of the labor process. This paper argues that if accounting is to gain a crucial position in the history of economies and societies 'time' needs to be expressly posited on the agenda of accounting historians for, at the moment, it seems that the link between time and accounting history is missing. The aim of the paper is to show that if a linear, neutral and objective view of time is abandoned then the possibilities to study the organizational, social and even political...


The purpose of this research is to know the impact of the development of tourist village on the economic community in Pao village, Tombolo Pao District Gowa District, the potential of Pao village and the obstacle faced in the development of Pao village as a tourist village. The type of this research is descriptive research with qualitative approach and research type of case study. Technique of data collection is done through observation, interview and direct documentation of research object. The result of the research shows that the development of Pao village as a tourism village has a positive impact which is directly benefited by the community, such as improving the quality of human resources through awareness, training and mentoring. Training and mentoring not only improves the quality of human resources but also increases economic added value to the agricultural products of the Pao village which ultimately has implications for improving the economy of the community in a sustainable manner.


Introduction: Illizarov technique is a newer but popular method of treating open tibial fractures after debridement and open reduction. Illizarov method has many advantages and features. On the other hand, open fracture of lower one third of tibia is a common occurrence in the orthopedic treatment arena. Open fractures of tibia are classified into Type I, II, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the Ilizarov technique in treating open fracture of lower one third of tibia. Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics Surgery in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. Thirty six (36) patients with open fracture of lower one third of tibia were selected as the study population. Before starting the intervention the written consent of the participants was taken and this study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. A pre-designed questioner was used in collecting patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need. Results: In this study we found highest 80.56% participants were from road accidents followed by 11.11% from sports injury and rest only 8.33% from general falls. The duration of treatment with the fixator was 12-23 weeks (average 16 weeks). The operation time ranged from 90 minutes to 120 minutes. According to the Karlstrom and Olerud criteria the highest 69.44% patient got 'excellent' result. Then 22.22%, 5.56% and 2.78% patients got 'good', 'fair' and 'poor' result respectively. Conclusion: The Ilizarov device is used worldwide for the treatment of several types of fractures. In our study, we found some good features of using Ilizarov induced method in the treatment of open fracture of lower one third of tibia. No case developed deep infection, non-union or unacceptable mal-union. We recommend for more use of Ilizarov technic.


A comparison of two regularization methods: the general regularization method and the Sheffield method using the voltage ratio rather than the difference.


Cruse is the United Kingdom's leading bereavement care charity, providing a range of national and local services across a branch network. This article describes the development of Cruse from a small local service, supporting widows and their children, to a national charity that supports an increasing number of adults and children. The article shows how volunteering is at the heart of Cruse's service model, utilising services provided by a trained and fully supported network of 6,000 volunteers. It also outlines the charity's role in campaigning and influencing policy, its partnerships with other organisations, and the ongoing use of research and evaluation into the most effective ways of supporting bereaved people.


Gene therapy emerged 15 yr ago with great expectations for a marriage between the remarkable advances in molecular biology of the previous decade and clinical medicine. It was originally an innovative treatment for incurable diseases, so-called genetic disorders, in which the disease was caused by


This paper summarizes the current status and existing problems of higher vocational college students' party construction and briefly describes the characteristics of the "microage". Under the "microage", the opportunities and challenges of the students' party construction are analyzed and at the same time, the paper also puts forward some countermeasures.


Studies in Europe on parenteral use of aminopyrine necessitated the development of a solvent, and a pyrazol synthetic derivative, phenylbutazone (butazolidin®), was developed for this purpose. The aminopyrine and phenylbutazone combination (igrapyrin®) was studied in Europe for its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect in rheumatic conditions. The reports 1 were enthusiastic, and the drug was introduced in the United States for evaluation. Because of the occasional serious hazards of aminopyrine therapy and because some of the clinical results obtained with the combination of aminopyrine and phenylbutazone were superior to those obtained with aminopyrine alone, it was decided to investigate the effect of the solvent, phenylbutazone, in the rheumatic diseases. Two recent clinical studies have been reported. 2 METHOD Selection of Patients. —Of the 188 patients studied, 115 had peripheral rheumatoid arthritis, 32 had rheumatoid spondylitis, and 41 had miscellaneous diseases. Phenylbutazone alone was given to 107 of the 147


Introduction: Re-Imagining the Political 1. Urbanism as Governmentality 2. Ontologies of the Political 3. The Politics of Urbanism as a Way of Life 4. The Art of Government 5. Seeing Like a State, Seeing Like a City 6. Oikos, Nomos, Logos 7. The Politics of Scale 8. The Principle of Local Self-Government Conclusion: Otherwise than Sovereign


The Holter monitors of 14 patients (out of 58,000 Holter recordings performed between 1978 and 1984) who experienced cardiac arrest and expired during the recording period were analyzed. Tachyarrhythmic arrest patients frequently had coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and prolonged QTc intervals. The highest incidence of intermediately frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) occurred between 15 and 6 hours prior to death. The frequency of ventricular couplets increased toward the time of arrest. The hours with greatest frequency of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were found to be the last 5 hours of life. An increasing incidence of ST‐segment changes greater than 2 mm was noted throughout all of the risk periods until the third hour prior to arrest when the incidence diminished. Conversely, the incidence of lower amplitude ST‐segment changes (usually elevation) increased over the final 6 hours. The mean time of death was 0228 hours ± 5:20. In conclusion, we observed two patterns of Holter‐monitored changes which usually occurred prior to death and may represent predictors of sudden death: (1) an increasing incidence of intermediately frequent isolated PVCs followed by increased ventricular couplets and runs of VT; (2) return of high amplitude ST‐segment changes toward baseline. To our knowledge, the temporal relationship of the degree of ST‐segment deviation to sudden death and the time of sudden death have not been reported in large studies of Holter‐monitored sudden death patients.


On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Institut National dEtudes Demographiques the author considers some of the areas of current interest to demographers. These include statistical data the problems caused by the demographic transition and changes in the family. (ANNOTATION)


Whistleblower laws are becoming important governance tools in both the public and private sectors. To examine the effectiveness of whistleblower laws and their awareness, this study creates a unique internet-based measure of awareness about whistleblower laws and provisions, focusing on the United States. Placing the analysis within the larger corruption literature, our results show that greater whistleblower awareness results in more observed corruption and this holds across specifications. Internet awareness of whistleblower laws appears to be more effective at exposing corruption than the quantity and quality of whistleblower laws themselves. Keywords: corruption; whistleblowers; law enforcement; internet; United States JEL classification: K4; H7


The research describes a technique that enables an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to delegate a part of a task to mobile devices. By outsourcing the computationally costly sections of a work to the more capable UAV and using the mobile devices for tasks that can be completed locally, the system makes good use of the capabilities of both the UAV and mobile devices. In this paper, Differential Evolution (DE) based algorithm is proposed for energy and delay efficient partial offloading in UAV-assisted MEC system. An extensive Simulations have been done to measure the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results reveal a considerable reduction in latency. Overall, our method shows how partial task offloading may be used to enhance the performance of UAV-assisted systems.


Objectives Electronic detailing (e-detailing), the use of electronic devices to facilitate sales presentations to physicians, has been adopted and expanded in the pharmaceutical industry. To maximize the potential outcome of e-detailing, it is important to understand medical representatives (MRs)' behavior and attitude to e-detailing. This study investigates how information technology devices such as laptop computers and tablet PCs are utilized in pharmaceutical marketing, and it analyzes the factors influencing MRs' intention to use devices. Methods This study has adopted and modified the theory of Roger's diffusion of innovation model and the technology acceptance model. To test the model empirically, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 221 MRs who were working in three multinational or eleven domestic pharmaceutical companies in Korea. Results Overall, 28% and 35% of MRs experienced using laptop computers and tablet PCs in pharmaceutical marketing, respectively. However, the rates were different across different groups of MRs, categorized by age, education level, position, and career. The results showed that MRs' intention to use information technology devices was significantly influenced by perceived usefulness in general. Perceived ease of use, organizational and individual innovativeness, and several MR characteristics were also found to have significant impacts. Conclusions This study provides timely information about e-detailing devices to marketing managers and policy makers in the pharmaceutical industry for successful marketing strategy development by understanding the needs of MRs' intention to use information technology. Further in-depth study should be conducted to understand obstacles and limitations and to improve the strategies for better marketing tools.


The exchange market is a basic model of an economy, where agents bring resources that they own to the market in order to exchange them for other goods that they need. There is a rich literature on the equilibrium properties of such markets starting with the work of Arrow and Debreu. In this note we survey recent results on proportional response dynamics in exchange markets with linear utilities and suggest several directions for future work.


The subject of this research is to mathematically formulate the equation for the deflection of a seven layers sandwich beam. The sandwich beam consists of two facing, three cores and two binding layers between faces and core. The beam is subjected to a transverse load. The Mathematical model of the field of displacement of each layer of the beam which include a shear effect and bending moment is presented. The system of differential equation of equilibrium of the seven-layer sandwich beam is derived on the basis of the principle of stationary total potential energy. The modelled equations are analytically solved. The formula describing the deflection of the beam is obtained. The facing stress analysis of the beam is compared with analytically and theoretically. The comparison of the results obtained is in good agreement.


Raw cotton has been an important item of the general
cargo handled at United States seaports since the first
recorded export of 1,000 tons in 1790. Traditional patterns
of dominant cotton production in the South, and dominant
shipment of cotton from Southern ports maintained
for almost a century and a half thereafter. During the fiftyyear
period here under consideration, however, the only
relatively stable factors were the total volume of our maritime
trade in cotton and the total volume of our cotton
production. Revolutionary changes in cotton markets,
foreign trade, domestic trade, producing regions, handling
and shipping procedures, as well as major ports and
coastal segments all had started by 1930, and had reached
full culmination by 1980. The purpose of this paper is to
particularize and account for these events.


As one of the studies of human posture, the author noticed abnormal muscle tones of cerebral palsy children and measurements were conducted on levels of acceleration of muscle tones in the relaxed posture. Ten types of chairs with different seat tilts and back rest inclinations were chosen and changes in muscle contraction were mentioned electromyographically. Nine subjects all severely involved cerebral palsy children.Angle of each type of chair is as follows: A type: Seat at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 5 degrees from vertical line to the front. B type: Seat at an angle of 15 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 10 degrees from vertical line to the back. C type: Seat at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at level of 10 degrees from vertical line to the back. D type: Seat at an angle of 5 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 10 degrees from vertical line to the back. E type: Seat is same degree with horizontal line and back rest at a level of 10 degrees from vertical line to the back. F type: Seat at an angle of 15 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at level of 20 degrees from vertical line to the back. G type: Seat at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 20 degrees from vertical line to the back. H type: Seat is same degree with horizontal line and back rest at a level of 20 degrees from vertical line to the back. I type: Seat at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 30 degrees from vertical line to the back. J type: Seat at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizontal line and back rest at a level of 40 degrees from vertical line to the back.As a general tendency of the relationship between EMG level and the ten types of chairs, it was found that EMG decreased as the angle of the relaxation chair increased.The effects on the EMG level of three factors such as type of chair, sample muscles, and subject were tested by the analysis of variance. The results were as follows:Factor of type of chair: F=3.984(f1=8, f2=64), factor of muscle: F=10.723(f1=5, f2=40), and factor of subject: F=21.38 (f1=8, f2=320). These values were significant at the 1% level. The EMG level was compared between the above 10 types of chairs and the sum of the EMG levels of different muscles in percentages to that of A type was B type 64%, for C type 50%, for D type 62%, for E type 60%, for F type 42%, for G type 30%, for H type 32%, and for I type 42%. The EMG level in case of G and H types was decreased to about Two- Thirds of that of A.As for the interaction on the EMG level of the three factors of the variance ratio was computed at 1.38(f1=40, f2=320) in the case of chair and subject, at 6.566 (f1=40, f2 =320) in the case of those of muscle and subjects.The level of the latter two cases were significant at the 1% level. However, the interaction of the factors of chair and muscles was not significant. This shows the effect of chair on the EMG level independent from the kind of muscle tested.Therefore, it can be concluded that the G type was the most adequate one among the 10 types of chair tested from the view point of suppressing involuntary muscular contraction of the patient.


Aim of the study To present the morphological structures that make up the Ligamentum capitis femoris (also found in the literature as Ligamentum teres) with a focus on the blood vessels which are located alongside it, thus supplying the head of the femur with blood. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the significance of the ligament regarding the destructive changes in the hip joint and to investigate to what extent the pathological changes are related to age, sex and overexertion. The blood supply of the caput femoris from r.acetabularis of a. obturatoria passing through the ligamentum capitis femoris is demonstrated and the connection with the development of various degenerative diseases of the hip joint such as osteoarthritis, aseptic and septic necrosis. This is a pilot study that will include groups of people of different age and gender. Materials and Methods To achieve our goals, we examined the structure of Ligamentum capitis femoris with an optical microscope, after staining the preparations with Hematoxylin Eosin and Azan. We performed a comparative complex analysis of the morphological characteristics and somatotopic features of the Ligamentum capitis femoris in humans. Results Ligamentum capitis femoris is composed of collagen fibers, fibrosis and adipose tissue. This is the only ligament in the human body through which passes a vessel from a.obturatoria - r. acetabularis. It contributes to about 25% of the blood supply to the femoral head. This is an essential connection between the two fragments of the joint - proximal, represented by the acetabulum and distal, represented by the caput femoris. Conclusion Ligamentum capitis femoris has a biological, mechanical and trophic role in the hip joint and should not be considered a rudimentary structure that loses its function with age (4). The principle of minimal ligament damage in all invasive procedures should be followed, as well as the gentle treatment in exercise of strength sports.


This book analyzes the development of the policies of the United States on foreign economic issues and examines the government's management of trade problems.


This article is the product of a research on royalties and territorial disparities within the line of investigation "Territorial Dynamics and Management" at the Faculty of Political Science and Government of the University of Rosario. It shows how resources from royalties are distributed and applied among Colombian municipalities, in order to establish whether the distribution and destination of such incomes are helping to boost territorial development, and with this, to close the interregional gap in Colombia. Research results show that although the distribution of resources has been "democratized" given that many of them are going, for the first time, to municipalities of fifth and sixth categories, the projects are concentrated in the central departments of the country, which does not help to solve the imbalance between central and peripheral territories in Colombia.


This article outlines a Virtual Monitoring approach for fatigue life assessment of orthotropic steel deck bridges. Bridge weigh-in-motion was used to calculate traffic loads which were then used to calculate "virtual" strains. Some of these strains were checked through long-term monitoring of dynamic strain data. Field tests, incorporating calibration with pre-weighed trucks and monitoring the response to regular traffic, were conducted at Fochen Bridge, which has an orthotropic steel deck and is located in Foshan City, China. In the calibration tests, a 45-t 3-axle truck ran repeatedly across Lane 2, the middle lane in a 3-lane carriageway. The results show that using an influence surface to weigh vehicles can improve the accuracy of the weights and, by inference, of remaining service life calculations. The most fatigue-prone position was found to be at the cutout in the diaphragms. Results show that many vehicles are overweight—the maximum gross vehicle weight recorded was 148 t, nearly 3.6 times heavier than the fatigue design truck.


Peripheral blood eosinophils present in leucocyte migration cultures underwent enucleation when cell migration was inhibited in the presence of specific antigen. Enucleation was not induced by antigen alone or at 22 degrees C or 4 degrees C, and only occurred in the presence of an in vitro cellular immune response.


Tobiata grass has an apparently great future in the Tropical and is use by many rangers in Brazil. Unluky very few informations on the mineral nutrition of these grass exist. An experiment was carried out with young seedlings which were cultivated in pots containing fine quartz sand a substract and irrigated with nutrient solutions without one of the micronutrient (-B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn and -Zn). After 81 days the plants were harvested and divided into dry leaves, old leaves, new leaves and stem. The material was dried at 70-80°C and analyse for the micronutrients. The autors concluded that: -  The production of dry matter was affected by the omission of the micronutrients in the following order: Cu > Zn = B, Mn > Fe. -  Clear cut symptoms were obtained for the elements. -  Preliminary levels of deficiencies of the micronutrients, founded in the sound leaves were: -B = 23 ppm; -Cu = 0.5 ppm; -Fe = 81 ppm; -Mn=41 ppm and -Zn = 37 ppm.


Group work is an essential activity during both graduate and undergraduate formation. Students develop a set of skills, and employ criticism which helps them to better handle future interpersonal situations. There is a vast theoretical literature and numerous case studies about group work, but we haven't yet seen much development concerning the assessment of individual group participants. It is not always easy to have the perception of each student contribution to the whole work. Nevertheless, more than frequently, the assessment of the group is transposed to each group participant, which in turn results in each student having the same final mark. We propose and describe a tool to manage and assess individual group work taking into account the amount of work, interaction, quality, and the temporal evolution of each group participant. The module features the possibility to create two types of activities: collaborative or cooperative group work. We describe the conceptual design of our tool and present the two operating modes of the module, which is based on events, alerts and conditions. We then describe the methodology for the assessment in the two operating modes and how these two major approaches can be deployed through our module into pedagogical situations.


The Dacier's Charter is a document that presents the report prepared by Dr. Itard about young Victor, the Wild of Aveyron, the Minister of Interior. This routing requests that the education of the young is not abandoned and that the government continues to throw benevolent eyes on the boy. From this request, this article reflects on how the factors: disability, legislation and education, require the production of the subject with disabilities and their reflections in regard to these people. Reports of "mental retardation" Victor confirm the condition of disability. Precisely, this study aims to: understand and discuss the constitution of the subject with disabilities and their reflections in government policies for the education of these individuals. The article followed the precepts of the exploratory study through a literature search. The results show that, at present, you can perform a (re) reading Letter directed to the context of Brazil, with the questioning of "benevolent eyes" of the government. The education of people with disabilities urgent analysis on production of the identity of these individuals throughout history.


An ab initio procedure (the molecular fragment method) has been applied to the determination of the electronic structure of anthracene and phenanthrene. Both total energy and molecular orbital structure are examined, and the results are compared with experimental as well as other theoretical investigations.


The invention relates to a device and a method for metering and distributing powder for preparing dough cakes. The device comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity, wherein a powder pusher is arranged in the upper cavity; a spoked wheel is arranged in the lower cavity; the powder pusher and the spoked wheel realize rotary motion on a same rotating shaft; the powder to be distributed sequentially passes through a connecting sink and the lower cavity from the upper cavity and then falls into a metering cup. According to the device and the method, the falling gravity of the powder falling into the metering cup from partitioned spaces among spokes is controlled to be the gravity of the powder in the falling process, and the quantity of the powder falling from each partitioned space is identical, so that the metering and the distributing of the powder can be realized precisely. The device and the method have the advantages of smart and reasonable structural layout, high work efficiency and strong practicability.


The article reveals dominant features of the image and the meaning of the Ural poetic text, i. e. attention to natural and cultural specificity of the region, harmonization of space, poeticization of human labour. It is proved that the creative work of the prominent Ural poets B. Ruch'ev, L. Tat'yanicheva, A. Kunitsin, and V. Bogdanov is characterized by the content focus. The author states that in the new era there is a change of tonality and key meaning images in the Ural poetry: national urban motives sound more increasingly, being associated with the eschatological experience of peace, abandoned romanticization of a human being and his activities. On the example of a new collection of poems by S. Borisov, a contemporary Chelyabinsk author and winner of several regional literary awards, transformation of images and motives in the Ural poetry of the twenty-first century is shown.


A clinical case of a 16-year-old child with chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma complicated by partial labyrinth sequestration is presented. The case describes is a rare disorder. Computed tomography of temporal bones consistent with intraoperative data was decisive in establishing the diagnosis and the surgery extent.


Council provides a free diabetic needle and syringe disposal service. For more information please contact us on (02) 6071 5100.


Community colleges across the nation have the challenge to educate students who come to postsecondary education at varying levels of academic preparedness. Cross (2001) and others (Agbor-Baiyee, 1997; Dweck, 2000; Hamilton, 1996; Hynd, Holschuh, & Nist, 2000; Miller, DeBacker, & Green, 1999; Struthers & Menec, 1996; Tuckman, 1996; Yair, 2000) have reported on the importance of motivation and its relationship to student learning. Although the research has proven to be of great value, it often excludes a comparison of academic preparedness and the impact academic preparedness may have on motivation. This study compared academic motivation between academically prepared and academically unprepared community college students. In addition, the researcher collected data to determine whether a relationship exists between academic motivation level and academic achievement as defined by grade point average. Surveying students from a community college in northwest Florida, the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-C) was used to assess motivation along a continuum as described by Deci and Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory. Results from this study indicate that there are motivational similarities between academically prepared and academically unprepared students and that there is a relationship between motivational levels and academic success.


In South Africa teachers are faced with the introduction of yet another revised curriculum. Higher education institutes are developing programmes to help teachers through the transition. This article describes such an intervention. The research addresses the question: how could mathematical reasoning cartoons be used as a tool to support teacher ownership of curriculum change? The article reports on three action research iterations in which qualified and experienced mathematics teachers are introduced to the use of reasoning cartoons during a short learning programme targeting the development of teachers' ownership of curriculum change. Rainer and Matthews's ownership of learning framework is adapted and used as a theoretical lens to provide indicators of teachers' ownership of curriculum change. Data were collected from audio-taped discussions in groups and teachers' written reflections concerning the introduction of reasoning cartoons, using the tenets of exploratory talk, into their classes. The results indicate that, after the first iteration, where cartoons developed commercially in the UK were introduced, teachers demonstrated that they could move from a didactic to a dialogic environment where spaces were created for all participants to speak and to listen. When cartoon content was drawn from the current South African curriculum, the teachers were able to introduce a largely teacher-centred approach to implementing the curriculum. However, it was only when the teachers took ownership of their own cartoon construction that they manifested the majority of indicators of ownership of curriculum change. The research suggests that teachers can use a mediating artefact to enable them to embrace curriculum changes imposed from the top down.


The aim of the present work was formulation and evaluation of in situ gelling system of furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which exhibits short half life, when given in the form of conventional injectable solutions. To overcome this, an attempt has been made to formulate temperature sensitive in situ gelling system of furosemide to provide sustained release of drug based on polymeric carriers that undergo sol-to-gel transition upon change in temperature. The furosemide in situ gelling system is formulated by using polyethylene oxide and carbopol 934P which acted as drug carrier and viscosity enhancing agent respectively. All the formulations were evaluated and the results of the study showed that 0.7% to 0.9% of polyethylene oxide produces consistent, maximum and sustained drug release. The formulations were clear liquid appropriate for injection of subcutaneous route. Gelation temperature all the formulations were found in between 32 0 c-42 0 c and gelation time varying from 2-5 minutes. pH was found to be around 7.4. Viscosity was found out which have rheological properties. The drug content of the prepared formulation was found to be within the range of 89-99.9%. The optimized formulation F4, F5 & F6 showed sustained drug release upto 13 hours.


Formulating fertilizer requirement for an intercropping system consisting of more than one crop with different growth habit poses a problem of estimating the nutrient requirement of the component crops, as the uptake pattern of these crops are affected by their associate interaction. Fertilizer recommendation for multiple cropping systems have been so far based on the schedule recommended for sole crop. But the nutrient requirement differs from that of sole crop due to crop interference. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of different doses of nutrients on the performance and bio-economic suitability of chilli based cropping system.


The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow over a shrinking or stretching flat sheet is investigated. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by a similarity transformation and are solved numerically with the help of MATLAB software. The numerical results obtained are for different values of the magnetic parameter M, heat generation parameter Q, Prandtl number Pr and reciprocal of magnetic Prandtl number ε. The influences of these parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated and shown in tables and graphs. Two solutions are found for a certain rate of the shrinking strength. The stability of the solutions in the long run is determined, and shows that only one of them is stable. It is found that the skin friction coefficient f ″ ( 0 ) and the local Nusselt number − θ ′ ( 0 ) decrease as the magnetic parameter M increases. Further, the local Nusselt number increases as the heat generation increases.


Scaling laws for planktonic contact and capture rates in turbulent environments are obtained in terms of basic parameters for the problem. Enhanced turbulence levels increase the encounter rate but can, on the other hand, also be too large by reducing the capture probability. The results thus indicate an optimum intermediate turbulence level for the predator capture rate. Probability densities of some basic parameters entering the scaling laws were found by numerical simulations. We consider cases where the capture range of an organism is comparable to or smaller than the Kolmogorov length scale, as well as the opposite limit of large capture ranges. The reference model assumes spherical contact surfaces, but it is demonstrated that the results remain basically valid also for the case where the contact volumes are hemispherical or conical: the consequences of the conical shape can be accounted for by an empirical scaling factor, which depends solely on the opening angle of the cone.


The fertilized eggs were obtained from Puan Carp crucian Carassius auratus Linnaeus induced to spawn by hormone injection and artificial fertilization.The morphological characteristics of the embryonic development were observed at different temperature.The demersal fertilized eggs were found to be light gray in color,strongly adhensive,and had nearly spherical in shape.The egg had an initial average size of 1.50 mm,and bulged to 1.88 mm in diameter after hydration.Just after fertilization,the periphery space of the eggs was occurred,and the vegetal pole was larger than the animal pole.Moreover,the yolk sacs were shrinking.The process of embryonic development can be divided into 23 developmental stages,and lasted 98.72 h at 18 ℃,56.48 h at 24 ℃ and 48.2 h at 26 ℃.The maximal survival from blastoderm to gastrula was observed at 18 ℃,and from neurula to hatching at 24 ℃.


In the late 1950s,the household contract responsibility system was conducted twice in Chinese rural area which manifests the Chinese villagers'valuable exploration to the reform of the rural economic system.And it actually plays the role of forerunner to the reform.However,this exploration aroused sensational controversy at that time and was once prohibited.This paper reviews the historical process of the appearance of the system as well as the controversy related to it and goes on to make an tentative analysis to the reasons of the frustration that the system was confronted with during the period of conduction.


Issues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. On the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for Iran and other similar countries makes the issue of efficiency as a solution of the environmental crisis important. In this study, the effects of the variables energy intensity (as one of the most common indicators of efficiency), population, affluence (GDP per capita), and the energy use are examined on the carbon dioxide emission with the method of panel data for the period of 1996- 2010.
Nowadays due to the expansion of human economic activities, the environment has been destroyed dramatically at the local and international level, thus, considering carbon emission and its issues have become one of the most challenging issues during the recent decades (Deluna, 2008). Also, the existence of the bilateral relation between growth and the environmental development is one of the more important and complex problems which has always captured different points of view (Dincer,1999). Different countries are willing to achieve the balanced growth rate which requires special attention to the destructive pconsequences emerging as a result of the subsequent of energy consumption. The lack of attention to this matter can bring irreparable problems to the countries (Sadeghi & Sadat, 2004).
Too aggregation of the greenhouse gasses in atmosphere is one of the most important reasons of rapid changes in climate. Changes in climate, in turn, leads to an increase in world temperature, rising of the sea level , irregular weather condition, outbreak of floods, and other damages on earth. Solving these environmental problems with different subsequences is usually difficult. For example, to save the coastal areas replacing millions of population to other places is required (Delona, 2008). On the basis of the governmental climate change organization report only up to 2020, there is an opportunity to reverse the increasing trend of emission and its results.
Theoretical Framework
One of the most popular methods which is usually used for the environmental issues is the equation of Environmental Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology (EIPAT). This Model considers the effects of important variables can improve the environmental conditions as the technical innovation and improvement in technology is considered at this method. On the basis of this methodology, three major elements have more impact on the environment. These variables are population, affluence, and technology. Any changes in the abovementioned variables affect the condition of the environment. The relation between the technical innovation and environment is apparent in this model. Meanwhile, in spite of Erlich and Holdern, (1971), population factor is at the core of this model, on the other hand population growth causes an increase in the consumption which, in turn, can affect the income. At the same time technology is implicitly considered at this framework. Technology improvement may get fixed or even decrease per energy consumption due to the increase in efficiency.

Methodology
On the basis of the theoretical framework the main important variables which are selected in this study are, population, energy intensity which are the proxy of energy efficiency, affluence, energy consumption, and the foreign direct investment for the period of 1996-2010. Energy intensity is modified as a portion of energy consumption to GDP. The data is collected from the nine member countries which are Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. The data base is collected from the World Bank data base. Also, the data from population (urban population), affluence (per capita Income), foreign direct investment, and energy consumption are collected from the World Bank data base. Due to the different data base used in the current work, the methodology is a logarithmic model. This study examines the relationship between the efficiency of energy and the economic growth among the selected OPEC member countries.

Results & Discussion
Results show that the population is a more important factor in carbon dioxide emission. Subsequent to population growth, are the demand increase in farm lands, energy resources, water requirements, and so on. All these lead to a destruction of environmental issues (Perman, et al.2003). The results also show that a huge percent of emission is related to the increase in the population rate. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency shows a significant effect on the environmental issues. It means while the energy density increases, the emission also rises and vice versa. Hence, the improvement in energy efficiency will affect the quality of environment. Also, there is a significant positive relation between per capita income and the dioxide carbon emission (Asgharpour, et al.2013).
Energy efficiency also has a meaningful positive effect on the environmental indices. It means that by the increase of energy intensity, dioxide emission will also increase, and vice versa. The findings confirm the obtained results of Delona, 2008, Diters, 1998, and Rose. One of the most important factors in the rise of energy intensity, is the low quality and the price of the productions compared to the similar productions in other countries. The main reason for this, is because of the old manufacturing structure in the developing countries along with the cultural and social factors.


The zeta potential of the cement pastes was determined to investigate the influence of alkali sulfate on the free solution amount of cement paste with naphthalene (NS) or polycarboxylate (PCE) as superplasticizers. The water-holding capacity of cement paste and force between the cement particles were analyzed. The corresponding mechanism with respect to alkali sulfate and superplasticizer effects on the bleeding resistance of cement paste was discussed. The results show that free solution amount decreases and water-holding capacity improves after adding NS and PCE. However, the overdose NS reduces the amount of adsorbed solution in paste, which adversely affects the cement paste on the water-holding capacity, but PCE does not have such an effect. The effect of alkali sulfate on PCE is less than that on NS. In cement paste with superplasticizer, the appropriate amount of alkali sulfate improves the water-holding capacity of cement paste and reduces the risk of bleeding. The optimal content of sulfate is approximately 2.7% SO3 for NS and 2.5% SO3 for PCE. Alkali sulfate affects the zeta potential of cement particle surface via the rapid dissolution of sulfate ion, thereby increasing the bleeding resistance of cement paste. Gypsum has no effect, thus causing the slower dissolution.


The Szabad(ka)-II 18 DOF walking robot and its simulation model is suitable for research into hexapod walking algorithm and motion control. The complete dynamic model has already been built, and is used as a black box for walking optimization in this research. First, optimal straight line walking was chosen as our objective, since the robot mainly moves in this mode. This case can be tested and validated as well on the current version of our robot. An ellipse-based leg trajectory has been generated for this low-cost straight line walking. Currently a simple new Fuzzy-PI controller with three input variables is being constructed and compared with an previously used PI controller. The purpose of defining the rules and its optimization are to obtain a controller that provides walking with higher quality. Both the compared controllers have been optimized together with the parameters of the leg trajectory. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was chosen from several methods with our benchmark-based selection research and the help of specific test functions; moreover the previous research (the comparison of genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO) also led to this conclusion.


Universities should be a place where every student's dream of freedom starts.But most of the universities are busy looking for things from the outside,and they do things without considering the duty and responsibility that they should have and undertake.Governing by doing nothing against nature is the core idea that guides a university to play its instinctive quality and insist on its own idea,and it is also a way for a university to exist.A university is called a university not because of its large buildings but because of its great masters.


3D Building is an important component of 3D map,while most maps show 3D buildings by Web GL technology.Like WebGL,OSM Buildings is an open-source 3D building engine developed by Java Script.This paper adopted OSM Buildings to add 3D buildings into the traditional 2D map and do this without plug-ins.This paper described the collection,correction,and the projection of 3D Building's base maps and the process of transforming the base maps into Geo JSON format supported by OSM Buildings.


The above judgments both accord with English speakers' intu itions and are demonstrated in a corpus study of headlines by Mårdh 1980. The pattern has been argue d to be a linear restriction (no article-less DPs to the right of an article-ful one, Mårdh), or a c-comman d o e (no article-less DPs in scope of an article-ful one, Stowell 1991). However, the following att es ed headlines shed doubt on these hypotheses (assumingto-phrases are c-commanded by the direct object, Larson 1988) :


Purpose of the paper : Social Networks Sites (SNSs) are becoming very popular among students and constitute a promising field for tertiary education evolution. This research aims at assessing the usage of social networks for educational aims and at evaluating the perception of university students towards this kind of usage. Methodology : Methodologically, the paper rests on an extensive, comprehensive and comparative theoretical research on the subject, as well as on primary research involving the in-depth survey of 125 university students in Northern Italy. Findings : The findings underline the importance of utilizing SNSs to improve educational communications, sharing of information, student-student and student-educator interaction, efficiency, polyphony and more. The research also stressed the need for SNS adoption to be specific and in accordance with both student and lecturer attitudes, competences and limitations, as well other therein specified stakeholders and added values.  Research limitations : this is an exploratory study based on a sample of moderately limited size and, although generically valuable, it focuses specifically on Northern Italy. Implications : the present research, in addition to its practical applications, may be extended to the academic faculty and to an analysis, based on a wider sample, of the underlying motivators that inhibit students and faculty from adopting SNSs for educational purposes. Originality/Value of the paper : although literature on SNSs in education does exist, studies on university students' attitude towards SNSs are scarce and contrasting. This research sheds light on this still underexplored, yet increasingly important subject by descriptively aiding the comprehension of SNSs for educational purposes, while prescriptively indicating advisable courses of actio n.


sode of AD introduces a selection bias by removing those who had elective surgery during the course of their disease, as explained in our study. Consequently, this study is demonstrating that the severity of AD during the first episode is the same for young and older patients. It does not shed light on the outcome between younger and older patients after a first AD treated conservatively. Concerning immunocompromised patients, I would first like to congratulate Dr Biondo and his team for their very interesting study [6] on that subject. It is true that this topic is still open to discussion but the proposal of elective surgery for immunocompromised patients after a first episode of AD is simply in line with what is currently done. For example, in the study by Ritz et al. [5] elective surgery was indicated after the first episode of AD, while Klarenbeek et al. [7] confined surgery to immunosuppressed patients with chronic renal failure or a collagen or vascular disorder. In Biondo et al.'s study of 931 patients comparing immunocompromised patients with non-immunocompromised patients, 657 patients (107 immunocompromised) were followed for a mean period of 82 months. It was found that, if emergency surgery at the first episode of AD resulted in a higher mortality for immunocompromised patients, recurrence and the need for further urgent surgery was the same as for non-immunocompromised patients. On the other hand, immunocompromised patients with a severe first episode of AD had a significantly higher rate of recurrence and severity without needing more emergency intervention. I am surprised that, while immunocompromised patients needed urgent surgery more often during the first episode of severe AD [52 (65%) patients of 80 patients], the same patients with a severe recurrent episode had a much lower need for surgery [three (33%) patients of nine patients]. Then, either the severity of the recurrence was 'less severe' or immunosuppression was less important! Studies on the impact of immunosuppression in diverticular disease are confronted with two problems: including the wide range of severity of the condition and the impossibility of calculating the exact degree of immunosuppression. Moreover, a certain number of immunocompromised patients might have more than one immunosuppressive condition that could reduce their prognosis. Consequently, I wonder whether Biondo et al.'s study should not be more moderate in its conclusions, since the results, though indicative, cannot be considered conclusive.


We chart the history of American educators' attitude toward the family‐school relationship, showing how it has changed over time. Recent research showing that the family plays an important role in fostering children's literacy development is also reviewed.


The over-the-counter analgesics market is characterized by substantial advertising expenditures by the top brands. Advertising-to-sales ratios in this industry range from 20-50%, and are more than 7 times higher than the average for all industrial sectors. We use a novel dataset where we code the product characteristics featured in advertisements. For comparative advertisements, we record the rival products mentioned as well as the characteristics used for comparisons. We provide a comprehensive, …ve-year description of the number and types of characteristics mentioned in ads as well as the ad expenditures spent on emphasizing particular characteristics. The content analysis highlights the role of di¤erent types of advertising in enhancing product di¤erentiation. We then consider some theoretical hypotheses and test them with our data. First, we …nd that leading brands will be targeted most. Second, the fraction of comparative advertising is highest for new brands, and those with low market shares. Third, comparative advertising targets rival brands rather than stablemates. Fourth, there is only limited support for the idea that each characteristic will be advertised by only one product. However, we …nd that nationally advertised brands tend to specialize in which characteristics they advertise the most. Fifth, comparative advertising claims are more likely for experience rather than credence attributes. Finally, we …nd that usually comparative advertising targets products with active ingredients di¤erent from that of the attacking product. Keywords: comparative advertising, advertising, content analysis, OTC pharmaceuticals. JEL Classi…cation: D12 D43 L15 M37 We thank David Mick, Ross Rizley, Columbia Warren and KenWilbur for useful comments and gratefully acknowledge funding of the Marketing Science Institute under MSI Research Grant #4-1364. yDepartment of Economics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22904, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com zDepartment of Economics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22904, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com xDepartment of Economics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA 22904, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com


An integrated modelling and experimental approach related to the quantification of the sorption of radionuclides onto geological materials is described. The primary role of the experimental work is to provide data for repository safety-assessment studies. Modelling is carried out to aid interpretation of these data. Results from experiments of sorption of three radionuclides onto various rock types are presented in this paper, and using the modelling, explanations for variations in measured sorption values with physical and chemical parameters are suggested.


Cardiovascular calcification is highly prevalent among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Low normal serum magnesium has been linked to a more severe degree of vascular calcification and a decrease in patient survival. An inhibitory effect of extracellular magnesium on osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the upregulation of anti-calcification protein have been confirmed in vitro. Increased dialysate magnesium concentration has also been shown to lower calcification propensity of the serum of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients.

 This study is an investigator initiated, single-blinded, parallel-group, matched case-control clinical trial that investigated the effect of high dialysate magnesium concentration for 24 weeks on the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in maintenance HD patients. The changes in laboratory data and bone mineral density (BMD) were also examined. Seventy-six ESRD patients underwent CAC screening by multi-slice computed tomography and BMD measurement by dual-x-ray absorptiometry. Only patients with Agatston score>300 were included. They were matched according to the initial CAC score that fell within 20% of one another. Twenty patients were assigned to high dialysate magnesium concentration of 1.75 mEq/L and the matched controls were kept on standard dialysate magnesium concentration of 0.7 mEq/L. CAC and BMD measurements were repeated after 24 weeks. Laboratory data were obtained prior to dialysis at study entry, 8-week intervals during the study and 2 weeks after the study ended.

 There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, underlying diseases, dialysis vintage, medications, baseline CAC scores and BMD. The median baseline CAC Agatston score (Volume score) were 1923 (720) and 1672 (785) in the standard and high dialysate groups, respectively. At the end of the study, a significant increase in the CAC score was observed in both groups. Because majority of the included patients had severe calcification burden at baseline, patients were categorized into 2 subgroups using the median baseline CAC Agatston (1600) and Volume scores (700) as cut-offs. Among patients with CAC Agatston score <=1600, CAC score increased significantly in the standard dialysate magnesium group (P<0.01) but was stable in the high dialysate magnesium group (P=0.33). Among patients with CAC Agatston score >1600, the severity of CAC worsened in both groups. The progression of CAC was analyzed by the difference between the follow-up and the baseline square root transformed Agatston and Volume scores. In subgroup of patients with less severe calcification, more patients in the standard dialysate magnesium group progressed compared to the high dialysate magnesium group (P=0.03). In subgroup of patients with more severe calcification, the number of progressors were comparable among the 2 groups. Serum and ionized magnesium levels increased substantially during the study and returned to baseline after the return to standard dialysate magnesium concentration. The highest predialysis serum magnesium was 3.8 mg/dL. Most patients who received high dialysate magnesium reported the disappearance of symptoms of muscle cramps (P=0.01) and requested the high dialysate magnesium be continued after the end of the study. There were no significant changes in serum calcium, phosphate or PTH levels. The decline in BMD was observed in both groups but the difference did not reach statistical significance.

 High dialysate magnesium was well tolerated and could ameliorate the progression of CAC in maintenance HD patients with mild to moderate vascular calcification.


Large scale ion density depletions were detected in the nighttime sector by ROCSAT‐1 for over 10 hours during the 22 October 1999 geomagnetic storm. Prominent depletion structures (bubbles) that are characterized by large‐amplitude density decrease (N/No ≤ 1%) with rapid horizontal ion drift (600 ∼ 800 m/s) are found to cluster in the 03:00 ∼ 04:30 local time sector and at magnetic latitudes 14° ∼ 20° S when the storm was in its early recovery phase. These presunrise bubbles are positively correlated to the enhanced eastward electric fields of greater than 1 ∼ 2 mV/m, which were in response to the storm‐time disturbances resulting from the in‐phase contributions of the prompt penetration magnetospheric and the long lasting ionospheric disturbance dynamo electric fields. Further analyses of the field‐aligned and cross‐field ion drifts within the depletions reveal that bubble plasma were driven by the eastward polarization electric fields to move upward, but these upward velocities were compensated by large downward field‐aligned diffusive motions. These features confirm that the disturbance electric fields produced during a great magnetic storm can significantly affect the occurrence timing and spatial extent of severe plasma irregularities in low‐latitude ionosphere. The spatial dimensions of the pre‐sunrise irregularities may exceed the large region observed by the 35° inclined circular orbiting ROCSAT‐1.


The term cryopreservation is used to describe the freezing and long-term storage of living cells, tissues and organs. Successful cryopreservation is well established for sperm cells from many fish species, but a technique for true cryopreservation of fish ova has proved elusive. Cryopreservation or longterm storage of fish eggs or embryos would be beneficial to the fish aquaculture industry. It would provide a method of retaining specific genetic lines of fish without the expense of maintaining broodstock populations and would provide a secondary source of a genetic line in case of broodstock loss or would allow the preservation of endangered genetic lines in wild populations (Jamieson 1991 and references below). Reports of successful freezing of viable Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss=Salmo gairdneri) eggs to -55oC (Zell 1978) or to -20oC (Erdahl and Graham 1980) were subsequently interpreted as supercooling (Harvey and Ashwood-Smith 1982). Successful hatching from vitrified embryos has been claimed for sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) (Tian et al. 2003) and Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos (Chen and Tian 2005). However, the protocol of Chen and Tian (2005) was not found to be successful for Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos (Edashige et al. 2006) and although (Zhao et al. 2005) achieved some successful hatching the larvae had only a short survival. Vitrification of Turbot (Psetta maxima=Scophthalmus maximus) (Robles et al. 2003b) and red sea bream (Pagrus major) embryos also failed to produce viable larvae (Ding et al. 2007). A novel procedure involving vacuum equilibration for viable freezing of fish eggs to -196oC was introduced by


Abstract The article concentrates mainly on the developing pattern of safety thinking and safety practices which have been brought about by, and in turn have influenced, the growth of modern industrial technology, particularly in the nuclear field. The need to minimize the chance of accidents with serious consequences led to pursuit of safety by siting, by containment and by automatic built-in safety mechanisms; these are discussed. Codes of practice and safety guidelines are becoming linked with more quantitative goals to achieve desired objectives in safety and reliability. This is particularly important in the assessment of major hazards.


Abstract We have implemented a chemical evolution model on the parallel AP3M+SPH DEVA code which we use to perform high resolution simulations of spiral galaxy formation. It includes feedback by SNII and SNIa using the Qij matrix formalism. We also include a diffusion mechanism that spreads newly introduced metals. The gas cooling rate depends on its specific composition. We study the stellar populations of the resulting bulges finding a potential scenario where they seem to be composed of two populations: an old, metal poor, α-enriched population, formed in a multiclump scenario at the beginning of the simulation and a younger one, formed by slow accretion of satellites or gas, possibly from the disk due to instabilities.


1. Introduction Part 1: Change and Continuity in Social Studies 2. Continuity and Change in Social Studies Curriculum 3. Early Elementary Social Studies 4. What Happens in Social Studies Classrooms? Research on K-12 Social Studies Practice Part 2: Civic Competence in Pluralist Democracies 5. Knowing and Doing in Democratic Citizenship Education 6. International Political Socialization Research 7. Service-Learning 8. Controversial Issues asnd Democratic Discourse 9. Diversity and Citizenship Education: Historical, Theoretical, and Philosophical Issues Part 3: Social Justice and the Social Studies 10. Social Justice and the Social Studies 11. Gender and Sexuality in the Social Studies 12. Global Education Part 4: Assessment and Accountability 13. Assessment and Accountability in the Social Studies Part Five: Teaching and Learning in the Disciplines 14. Research on Students' Ideas about History 15. Research on K-12 Geography Education 16. Recent Research on the Teaching and Learning of Pre-Collegiate Economics Part 6: Information Ecologies: Technology in the Social Studies 17. Technology and Social Studies Part 7: Teacher Preparation and Development 18. The Education of Social Studies Teachers 19. The Professional Development of Social Studies Teachers


The invention discloses refined crude benzene and a method for extracting thiophene, which belongs to the chemical field. According to the invention, crude benzene is taken as a main raw material, hydrogen, a catalyst NI-MO and an extract N-formylmorpholine as auxiliary materials, two benzene towers, an evaporator, a section of hydrogenation reactor, a lightness-removing tower, an extraction tower, a regeneration tower, two section of hydrogenation reactor and a fractionate tower as equipments, benzene series products and thiophene can be prepared by an extraction method; the method has the advantages that the reaction of whole production process is mild, the pressure and the temperature are low, the reduction of reaction pressure and temperature is in favor of reducing the making difficulty of the reactor, The making material and technology requirements of the reactor are greatly reduced, thereby the investment cost can be further reduced, The yield and the purity of the benzene series products are high, compared with other technology, thiophene products with high added value can be obtained.


\03B3\03B4 T lymphocytes constitute an unconventional subtype of T lymphocytes that are capable to recognize antigens independently of MHC and present an important cytotoxic activity. Human \03B3\03B4 T lymphocytes are highly activated by direct recognition of phosphorylated metabolites such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) produced by tumors and infected cells. In addition, these lymphocytes can be modulated by inflammatory mediators, such as eicosanoids. Previous data from our laboratory show that, in different experimental models, \F067\F064 T cell accumulation in inflamed tissue is coordinated by the lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which levels increase in parallel to the expression of its counter-receptor BLT1 by \F067\F064 T lymphocytes. In addition, published data show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits \F067\F064 T lymphocyte cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. Considering that LTB4 is known to stimulate T lymphocyte functions, whereas PGE2 and the pro-resolving lipid mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4) downmodulate T lymphocyte activation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of these lipid mediators on \03B3\03B4 T lymphocyte activation. We observed that \03B3\03B4 T lymphocyte express functional BLT1, EP4 and FPR2/ALX receptors, which in turn are upregulated by IPP stimulation. Furthermore, LTB4 induced \03B3\03B4 T cell activation, by triggering i) in vitro chemotaxis, ii) downmodulation of L-selectin (CD62L) and iii) polarization of IFN-\03B3 production (increase of \03B3\03B4/CD27+ population)
LTB4 stimulation also enhanced IPP-induced release of granzyme B and expression of the degranulation marker CD107a by \F067\F064 T lymphocytes. Furthermore, PGE2 inhibited IPP (and LTB4)-induced CD25 expression and L-selectin shedding, as well as increased of \03B3\03B4/CCR6+ population (IL-17 producers). Moreover, PGE2 inhibited \03B3\03B4 T cell CD107a expression and release of granzyme B through degranulation. The effect of LXA4 on \F067\F064 T lymphocyte activation was mild, being more prominent on LTB4 (but not IPP)-induced activation. LXA4 impaired LTB4-induced migration and degranulation, as well as CD25 expression. Interestingly, intravenous injection of the melanoma tumor cell line B16F10 in 5-lipoxigenase (5-LO) deficient mice (which do not produce LXA4 and LTB4) induced higher levels of IL-17 and lower levels of IFN-\03B3 in metastatic lungs compared to wild type mice. This phenomenon occurred in tanden with the increased number of tumor granules. Our data indicate that LTB4 enhances, whereas PGE2 inhibits, the activation of \03B3\03B4 T cells, suggesting a role for these mediators in the modulation of their activity


We discuss some aspects of a modular system of portable and rather efficient Fortran programs to perform flexible ab-initio quantum mechanical calculations of electronic structure. In its current stage of development our system can handle a fairly general selection of atomic orbitals for closed shell SCF and CI-SD molecular calculations. The only requirement of a module upon its arguments is data type consistency. Input to and output from a module is effected only through its argument list or files whose attributes are externally specified. The modular structure makes possible the concurrent development, debugging and extension of the system by otherwise independent workers. Efficiency is promoted by carrying out the bulk of floating point processing in subroutines which perform optimally in array processors, viz., vector-scalar-multiply-and-add subroutines. Flexibility is afforded by algorithms expressed in terms of one or more ordered integral lists whose size may be shortened by application of user-supplied thresholds for the inclusion of integrals of a given kind.


calf circumference refine metabolic syndrome in correlating with cardiovascular risk? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103: 1151–1160. 5 Tao J, Ke Y-Y, Zhang Z et al. Comparison of the value of malnutrition and sarcopenia for predicting mortality in hospitalized old adults over 80 years. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138: 111007. 6 Sun Y-S, Kao T-W, Chang Y-W et al. Calf circumference as a novel tool for risk of disability of the elderly population. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 16359. 7 Pérez-Zepeda MU, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. Calf circumference predicts mobility disability: a secondary analysis of the Mexican health and ageing study. Eur Geriatr Med 2016; 7: 262–266. 8 Atkins JL, Wannamathee SG. Sarcopenic obesity in ageing: cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Br J Nutr 2020; 124: 1102–1113.


In this research, we used Spanish wealth distribution microdata for the period 2015–2020 to provide a general framework for comparing different models and explaining different empirical datasets related to wealth distribution. We present a methodology to output the current value of assets and participations held by the population in order to calculate their real and current distribution. We propose a new methodology for mixture analysis, whereby we identify and analyze subpopulations and then go on to study their influence on wealth distribution. We use concepts of symmetry to identify two internal processes that are characteristic of the wealth accumulation process for the subpopulations of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Finally, we propose a method to adjust these results to other empirical data in other countries and periods, providing a methodology for comparing results output with differing data granularity.


The transcription of self-assembled organic structures by the sol–gel process is a powerful method in the synthesis of inorganic materials with controlled sizes, shapes, and porosities. Lithocholic acid (LCA) shows pH-sensitive supramolecular assemblies in aqueous solution, which can be used as tunable templates in the synthesis of silica replicas. Micro- and submicro-scale silica structures from straight, coiled, and helical tubes to single and double fan-like bundles are formed by the sol–gel transcription of pH-sensitive LCA assemblies with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of ammonia catalyst.


Objective: To characterize the clinical and genetic features of cervical dystonia (CD). Methods: Participants enrolled in the Dystonia Coalition biorepository (NCT01373424) with initial manifestation as CD were included in this study (n 5 1,000). Data intake included demographics, family history, and the Global Dystonia Rating Scale. Participants were screened for sequence variants (SVs) in GNAL, THAP1, and Exon 5 of TOR1A. Results: The majority of participants were Caucasian (95%) and female (75%). The mean age at onset and disease duration were 45.5 6 13.6 and 14.6 6 11.8 years, respectively. At the time of assessment, 68.5% had involvement limited to the neck, shoulder(s), and proximal arm(s), whereas 47.4% had dystonia limited to the neck. The remaining 31.5% of the individuals exhibited more extensive anatomical spread. A head tremor was noted in 62% of the patients. Head tremor and laryngeal dystonia were more common in females. Psychiatric comorbidities, mainly depression and anxiety, were reported by 32% of the participants and were more common in females. Family histories of dystonia, parkinsonian disorder, and tremor were present in 14%, 11%, and 29%of the patients, respectively. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic SVs in THAP1, TOR1A, and GNAL were identified in 8 participants (0.8%). Two individuals harbored novel missense SVs in Exon 5 of TOR1A. Synonymous and noncoding SVs in THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 4% of the cohort. Conclusions: Head tremor, laryngeal dystonia, and psychiatric comorbidities are more common in female participants with CD. Coding and noncoding variants in GNAL, THAP1, and TOR1A make small contributions to the pathogenesis of CD. Neurol Genet 2016;2:e69; doi: 10.1212/ NXG.0000000000000069 GLOSSARY 1KG 5 1000 Genomes Project; CADD 5 Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion; CD 5 cervical dystonia; DC 5 Dystonia Coalition; ESE 5 exonic splicing enhancer; ESS 5 exonic splicing silencer; EVS 5 Exome Variant Server; ExAC 5 Exome Aggregation Consortium; GDRS 5 Global Dystonia Rating Scale; HRM 5 high-resolution melting; miRNA 5 microRNA; PolyPhen-2 5 Polymorphism Phenotyping version 2; SV 5 sequence variant; SWEDDs 5 scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit; UTHSC 5 University of Tennessee Health Science Center. Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common adult-onset isolated dystonia. The percentage of patients with CD with head tremor, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and spread of dystonia to other anatomical segments is mostly unknown in large multicenter clinical series. Genetic factors are believed to be important given that most large clinical series report a positive family history in approximately 10% of probands. Although sequence variants (SVs) in THAP1, GNAL, and From the Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology (M.S.L., S.R.V., J.X., M.M.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Department of Neurology (J.S.P., L.J.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Departments of Neurology (A.R.R.), Human Genetics, and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Department of Neurology (P.H.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.L.C.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Institute of Neurogenetics (A.W., J. Junker), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (J. Jankovic), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (R.L.R.), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; Center of Excellence in Neuroscience (S.C.), University of Montreal, QC, Canada; Mirken Department of Neurology (L.S.), Mt. Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; and Department of Neurology (N.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL. Coinvestigators are listed at Neurology.org/ng. Funding information and disclosures are provided at the end of the article. Go to Neurology.org/ng for full disclosure forms. The Article Processing Charge was paid by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. Neurology.org/ng © 2016 American Academy of Neurology 1 a 2016 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Exon 5 of TOR1A have been identified in small percentages of participants with isolated CD, the relative contributions of dystoniaassociated genes to mainly adult-onset (.20 years) CD have not been fully characterized. In this study, we detail the clinical and genetic features of CD in a large multicenter cohort. METHODS Study design and patients. The Dystonia Coalition (DC, www.rarediseasesnetwork.org/dystonia/) has developed a biospecimen repository (Coriell; Camden, NJ) and an associated clinical database to be used as a resource for dystonia research (http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01373424). Participants included in the analyses described herein were the first 1,000 with reported onset of dystonia in the nonlaryngeal, nonpharyngeal neck muscles. These participants were enrolled between January 5, 2011, and September 21, 2014. Data collection for the DC included the following: blood for the extraction of DNA and lymphocytes, Global Dystonia Rating Scale (GDRS), video examination, and clinical data elements (demographics, age at onset, site of onset, sensory tricks, anatomical distribution of dystonia, history of psychiatric disorders, and family history [dystonia, parkinsonism, and tremor]). Raters were also asked to indicate whether the neck was affected by tremor. The Dystonia Genetic Consortium is an international collaboration of neurologists interested in the genetics of dystonia and closely related neurogenetic disorders. Biological specimens acquired by the Dystonia Genetic Consortium are stored in the Department of Neurology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC). Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents. The study was approved by the ethics committees of all participating centers. All participants gave written informed consent for participation in the study and inclusion in the biospecimen and video repositories. Genetic screening. Because of the limited amounts of DNA available for this project (2 mg per participant) and questions related to the pathogenicity of CIZ1 and ANO3 SVs in participants with isolated dystonia, a combination of high-resolution melting (HRM) and Sanger sequencing was restricted to coding and contiguous noncoding regions of THAP1, GNAL, and Exon 5 of TOR1A. Exon 5 of TOR1A harbors the classic DYT1 DGAG mutation, and cosegregating pathogenic SVs have not been identified in other exons of TOR1A. After the identification of 2 novel SVs in Exon 5 of TOR1A, an additional 1,160 DNA samples from the UTHSC Dystonia Genetics Consortium biorepository were also screened for these and other SVs within Exon 5 of TOR1A (table e-1 at Neurology.org/ng). Cases with known mutations in TOR1A and other dystonia-associated genes were excluded from this secondary screening effort. In silico mutation prediction programs SIFT, MutationTaster, Polymorphism Phenotyping version 2 (PolyPhen-2), and Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD) were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of novel and previously reported missense SVs. TargetScanHuman 6.2 (www.targetscan.org) was used to search for predicted microRNA (miRNA) targets within loci harboring SVs. Human Splicing Finder 3.0 (www.umd.be/HSF) was used to predict the effects of identified SVs on splicing motifs including acceptor and donor splice sites, and branch point and auxiliary sequences known to either enhance (exonic splicing enhancers [ESEs]) or repress (exonic splicing silencers [ESSs]) splicing. The allele frequency of the identified SVs was compared with the frequencies reported in Exome Variant Server (EVS, evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/), 1000 Genomes Project (1KG, www.1000genomes.org), and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC, exac.broadinstitute. org). American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines were used for the classification of SVs as "pathogenic," "likely pathogenic," "uncertain significance," "likely benign," or "benign." Details of HRM, Sanger sequencing, and variant analysis are included in appendix e-1 and table e-2. Statistical analysis. Fisher exact tests (2-tailed) were used to compare female-male frequencies. The x statistic (2-tailed) was used to compare case-control genotype frequencies. Two-tailed t tests were used to determine whether age, age at onset, duration, and scores on rating scales differed between women and men. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to measure the strength of linear associations between GDRS scores and number of affected anatomical segments, dystonia duration, and dystonia age at onset. An alpha (a) of 0.05 was chosen for statistical significance. RESULTS The majority (95%) of participants were Caucasian females (table 1). The mean age at onset and disease duration for the entire cohort of 1,000 participants were 45.5 and 14.6 years, respectively. A high percentage of the 1,000 participants with CD had a head tremor (62%), and head tremor was more common in females than in males. Total GDRS scores did not differ between males and females. The majority of participants (68.5%) had anatomical involvement limited to the neck 6 shoulder(s) and proximal arm(s). Less than half of the patients enrolled in this cohort were judged to have isolated neck involvement (47.4%). Females with CD were more li


[Objective] To compare the extracted ratio of periplocin in Cortex Periplocae with different extracting manner. [Methods] Cortex Periplocae was extracted with different extracting manner (traditional decocting, refluxing or and macerating method). Extracted amount of periplocin was determined by HPLC and extracting ratio was calculated. [Results] The extracted ratios of these three methods were 57.84%, 95.01%, 99.85% respectively. [Conclusions] It should be noted that different extracting method can obtain different extracted amount of periplocin.


The utility model relates to the technical field of three-dimensional measurement, in particular to a device capable of quickly judging three-dimensional measurement errors, which comprises a disk and columns. The device is characterized in that the first column is arranged at the center of the disk perpendicularly, and the second column and the first column are fixedly connected by forming a 135-degree included angle alpha. Compared with the prior art, the device is simple in structure and practical, solves the problem that accuracy cannot be judged at early stage of measurement, and evidently increases speed and precision of measurement of stamped parts of an automobile manufacturing system on a check tool.


A copy information encoding and decoding method and apparatus, and an image processing device. The encoding method comprises: determining a palette for a pixel adopting a palette mode in an image region to be encoded; determining, on the basis of the palette, a pixel index, a copy type and copy values needing to be encoded in the image region to be encoded; and mapping one of the copy values or a plurality of the same ones to a mapping code and performing bit stream encoding on the mapping code, and performing bit stream encoding on the rest of the copy values. Thus, even though some copy values are relatively large, bit costs for encoding can also be further reduced.


Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) integrated system necessitates an information synchronization stage before couple different source data. GPS inaccurate sampling rate and inherent delay lead to data label divergence. A real time algorithm is presented to determine this latency. The method is based on yaw rate matching method that does not rely on high-accuracy or costly sensors. The latency can be used to synchronize the time labels of GPS data and inertial sensor data. Two typical cases will be studied as the application of the algorithm. Experiments favorably demonstrate its validity and robustness. The method can be applied in self-contained integrated system without the dependence or interference in vehicle built-in system.


Aim: To assess the Knowledge level of Onion growers on Improved Onion production technologies and to find out the Relationship between personal, socio economical and psychological characteristics of onion growers with their knowledge level. Study Design: "Ex-post facto" research design. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted during 2017–18 in Gadag district of Karnataka. Methodology: Two villages from each of the four Taluks of Gadag district were randomly selected and from eight villages, 15 respondents were selected from each village by adopting random sampling method to form a sample of 120 farmers. Data was collected from the respondents by personal interview method using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Results: Majority of the farmers have medium level (42.50%) of knowledge followed by high level Original Research Article Baraker et al.; CJAST, 39(31): 1-6, 2020; Article no.CJAST.61392 2 (31.66) of knowledge. Further study revealed that farmers had cent percent knowledge on seed rate, time of sowing, irrigation and weeding, whereas low level of knowledge on transplanting (10%), fertilizer dose (10%) and plant protection (15%). Independent variables like, Education, Mass media exposure, Extension contact, Management Orientation were have significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers at 1 per cent level of significance, While Age, Farming experience, Innovativeness, Extension participation, Social participation and Risk Orientation at 5 per cent level of significance and variables such as Family size, Land holding , Area under Onion cultivation, Annual income exhibit non-significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers. Conclusion: Significant portion of respondents were having medium level of knowledge with most of the independent variables contributing significantly towards their knowledge level on improved onion production technologies.


With the development of society, people have a higher demand for the work environment. It has aroused extensive attention of enterprises. One of the most important demands for workers is to have enough rest time to regain strength and energy during the working day. In this paper, a comprehensive mathematical model is established for the multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem with flexible rest time (MOFJSP-FRT). Then a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) with heuristic adjustment strategies and variable neighborhood search (VNS), named HMOEAV, is proposed to solve the MOFJSP-FRT with the objectives to minimize the makespan and the machines loads balancing simultaneously. In the proposed hybrid algorithm, the machine-based encoding scheme is designed to improve search effectiveness by reducing computational complexity. Two heuristic adjustment strategies considering both the problem characteristics and the objective features are employed to initialize a high-quality population. To adequately emphasize the local exploitation ability of MOEA, VNS is incorporated into it. The non-dominated solutions got by MOEA are the initial solutions for VNS, in which three types of neighborhood structures according to problem structures are designed. The practical case in a steel structure enterprise is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and hybrid algorithm. The influences of rest time length on the MOFJSP-FRT are analyzed to give enterprises new insights to improve the scheduling efficiency while ensuring that employees have enough time to rest.


This study aims at investigating the nature of the anti-war poetry of the English poet, Sir Herbert Read (1893 -1968). First, it surveys the different styles that the anti-war poets followed in their criticism of war in an attempt to figure out afterwards the characteristics that distinguish Read's anti-war poetry from other poetry. It then presents the main features of Read's anti-war poetry. The study moves on to examine its main objective that lies in analyzing Read's poem "Kneeshaw Goes to War" (1918) as an example of his own anti-war poetry. This thematic study follows a descriptive and analytical method in carrying out its aim. It starts with an introduction about the different modes of war poetry and literature review, develops into a discussion of Read's attitude towards the poem's main subject and comes to an end with the main findings in the conclusion. Read was able to use a realistic approach in his criticism of war in his poem "kneeshaw Goes to War". In his portrayal of the destructiveness of war, he managed to expressionistically convey his sense of despair that the war had generated in the individual's personal experience with war. The representation of human experience is thus as important as the anti-war theme itself in the poem.


A portable system based on a non-destructive sterilization method was developed that consists of a chamber producing ozone concentration levels reported in the scientific literature to deactivate 99.9% of all microorganisms. The system includes a small cordless 30mg/h ozone generator placed inside a 20L enclosed chamber. Personal protective equipment is loaded into the chamber and automatically exposed to an ozone concentration up to 18 ppm for 30 minutes. PPE is then removed and ventilated in open air to allow residual ozone to degrade to oxygen. The paper describes the design and performance characteristics of this technology.


This article describes the influence of chemical composition and microstructure on the aluminum alloys anodizing behavior, and introduces the effect of production process (such as casting,heat treatment,fabricating and chemical pretreatment) of the aluminum products on the anodization.


This paper develops a model of investment in education and school-to work transition under uncertainty. The main predictions of the model are tested for Brazilian households using Pesquisa Nacional por Amostragem a Domicilio (PNAD) data. Increased uncertainty on labor market outcomes is shown to be associated with higher levels of schooling by young people, consistent with a real options approach to education as an investment.


Practical supra-terahertz (1–5 THz) heterodyne radiometry systems require compact local oscillator and mixer components, which are suitable for robust waveguide integration. We demonstrate detection of radiation emitted by quantum cascade lasers at frequencies between 2.2 and 3.5 THz using room-temperature quasi-optically mounted planar Schottky diodes. These diodes are more readily integrated into waveguides than point-contact diodes, do not require the cryogenic environment of hot-electron bolometers and offer potentially better noise per-formance than superlattice devices.


This article makes a summery of the fruits of the latest culture researches in China,induces the process and the connotation of the reading culture,and sifts out the impacts of the culture of the online reading to the culture of visual reading.


The production and consumption of electro-electronic equipments has been growing a lot. Consequently the generation of solid residues in productive process and the generation of scraps after consumption increases in the same proportion. The printed circuit boards PCI, that are part of these equipments, are complex residues, because they are composed of polymer, ceramic and metals, dificulting its recovery. These scraps contain copper, that turns the recycling process interesting of the economical point of view. They also contain heavy metals, as the lead, that are dangerous to environment. This work used mechanical processing and electrochemical techniques in order to concentrate metals in a fraction and polymeric and ceramic material in another. The results show that it is possible to concentrate the metals after mechanical processing, with fraction containing 50% of copper on average. Through electrodeposition the copper can be recovered.