The importance of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is increasing day by day due to trends in the electrification of transportation and the use of wind farms. The predictive current control (PCC) strategy has been widely applied to the control of power converters and electrical machines over the past decade. However, parameter dependency and computational complexity are known disadvantages of the conventional PCC strategy. To deal with the weakness caused by parameter inconsistencies, model-free PCC strategy has been proposed. The simplified PCC strategies have also been applied to reduce computational complexity. In this paper, a model-free simplified PCC (MF-SPCC) strategy combined with the ultra-local model-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been proposed for a PMSM drive. The proposed electric drive system has been verified by simulation studies and finally robust control performance has been achieved under parameter mismatches.


PurposeSocial interaction in comment sections has become a key factor for backers' decision making in crowdfunding platforms. However, current research on the two-way social interaction in crowdfunding is insufficient, and there exist inconsistent conclusions. This study focuses on the social interaction between creators and backers and explores its influence on the successful exit of crowdfunding projects.Design/methodology/approachThe extended Cox model is used for the empirical analysis of 1,988 crowdfunding projects on the Modian (www.modian.com) platform, a crowdfunding platform for cultural and creative projects in China. The two-way social interaction is reflected in comment quantity and sentiment, as well as reply rate.FindingsResults reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between comment quantity/sentiment and the successful exit of crowdfunding projects. This relationship is strengthened by high reply rate.Originality/valueThis study focuses on comment quantity and sentiment. The inverted U-shaped results reconcile previous conclusions. Replies from creators are regarded as a separate factor, and their moderating role is explained. The study research proves the importance of social interaction in crowdfunding platforms and provides suggestions for backers, creators and platform managers.


The radiated noise of underwater targets apparently consists of non-Gaussian ingredients. In the paper, based on plenty of radiated noise data, non-Gaussian feature of target signals is studied via high-order cumulates. Then, from Bispectrum estimation and WALSH dimensionality reduction, 65 dimensional Bispectrum feature from different kind of targets is extracted. The results show that the approach can efficiently classify underwater targets, and the colored Gaussian noise is restrained. The ration of recognition can arrive 92% toward three different kinds of underwater targets.


Angular distributions of 5.5 Mev 3He particles elastically scattered by C, Mg, A1 and Cu have been measured by magnetic analysis at angles of observation between 20° and 132.5°. The curves of the ratio of observed cross section to calculated Coulomb cross section show a decrease with angle for C, Mg and A1 and an increase at large angles for Cu. The curves also show maxima and minima.


In time-sensitive applications, such as detecting environmental and individual nuclear radiation exposure, wireless sensor networks are employed.. Such application requires timely detection of radiation levels so that appropriate emergency measures are applied to protect people and the environment from radiation hazards. In these networks, collision and interference in communication between sensor nodes cause more end-to-end delay and reduce the network's performance. A time-division multiple-access (TDMA) media access control protocol guarantees minimum latency and low power consumption. It also overcomes the problem of interference. TDMA scheduling problem determines the minimum length conflict-free assignment of slots in a TDMA frame where each node or link is activated at least once. This paper proposes a meta-heuristic centralized contention-free approach based on TDMA, a modified particle swarm optimization. This approach realizes the TDMA scheduling more efficiently compared with other existing algorithms. Extensive simulations were performed to evaluate the modified approach. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheduling algorithm has a better performance in wireless sensor networks than the interference degree leaves order algorithm and interference degree remaining leaves order algorithm. The results demonstrate also that integrating the proposed algorithm in TDMA protocols significantly optimizes the communication latency reduction and increases the network reliability. Keywords—Wireless sensor networks; media access control protocol; scheduling algorithms; meta-heuristics; particle swarm optimization


A Bayesian response surface updating procedure is applied in order to update the parameters of the covariance function of a random field for concrete properties based on a limited number of available measurements. Formulas as well as a numerical algorithm are presented in order to update the parameters of response surfaces using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. The parameters of the covariance function are often based on some kind of expert judgment due the lack of sufficient measurement data. However, a Bayesian updating technique enables to estimate the parameters of the covariance function more rigorously and with less ambiguity. Prior information can be incorporated in the form of vague or informative priors. The proposed estimation procedure is evaluated through numerical simulations and compared to the commonly used least square method.


Surface soils of tobacco fields in Hunan Province were collected to analyze total salt concentrations and composition of ions. The results showed that a remarkable salt accumulation occured in surface soils after tobacco leaves were harvested. Total salt concentration reached up to 4.17 g/kg, near the intensely salinized soil. Higher salt accumulation in surface soil occured in tobacco-rice rotation than in tobacco dryland. Moreover, the highest total salt amount of surface soil in tobacco-rice rotation fields happened in Hengyang, and followed by Yongzhou and Chenzhou. In addition, NO3-, SO42-, Ca2+ and K+ consisted of main ions in surface soils in the tobacco-rice rotation fields, which accounted for 95.21% of total salt amount.


Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) was deposited on Pt/ZrO2 / SiO2/Si substrates using liquid source metal organic chemical vapor deposition. A stoichiometry series was deposited with various GrII/Ti ratios (0.658 to 1.022) and a temperature series was deposited at 550 to 700°C. The thin films were characterized using transmission electron microscopy.
Both series of samples contained cubic perovskite BST and an amorphous phase. The grain size increased and the volume fraction of amorphous phase decreased with increasing deposition temperature. The electrical and microstructural properties improved as the GrII/Ti ratio approached 1 and deteriorated beyond 1. This research demonstrates that BST thin films are a strong candidate for future
MOS transistor gate insulator applications.


Background: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and characteristics of optic disc parameters in amblyopic and fellow eyes in pediatric patients with an isometropic amblyopia by Cirrus HD OCT. Method: This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, study including thirty-five subjects of newly diagnosed anisometropic amblyopia. All children underwent an ophthalmic examination that included visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography (Cirrus OCT Zeiss, 'Optic Disc Cube 200×200' protocol). Measurement of the Retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head parameters (ONH) was done for both amblyopic and normal fellow eyes. Results: The mean best corrected visual acuity (log MAR scale) of the normal eyes and the amblyopic eye was statistically significant (P <0.001). The average RNFL thickness in the normal eye was 96.34 ± 9.3 μm (range 76 – 122 μm) while that of the amblyopic eye was 97.94 ± 11 μm (range 77-125 μm) which was not statistically significant (P=0.294). Among four quadrant and 12 o' clock hour sector analysis, nasal and temporal sector had significant difference between amblyopic and normal eyes respectively (P=0.027, P=0.045). Among the ONH parameters, the average cup-to-disc area ratio and cup volume was lesser in the amblyopic eyes than in the fellow eyes (P=0.042, P=0.023 respectively). None of the other ONH parameters were significantly different between the investigated eyes. Conclusions: There was no difference between average RNFL thickness in amblyopic and normal fellow eye. Some of the morphological measurements between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in patients with unilateral amblyopia were significantly different.


The authors studied the state of blood fl ow in the system of venous vessels of the head and neck in 14 patients with hypertensive disease (HD) stage I, arterial hypertension (AH), 1st degree – in 11 (78,6 %) and 2nd degree – in 3 (21,4 %) people, with comorbid migraine (M) – in 8 (57,1 %) people and tension-type headache (TTH) – in 6 (48,9 %) people. Triplex scanning of extra- and intracranial vessels was performed and measurements of venous pressure in the system of deep veins of the upper extremities were made.
In patients with AH and comorbid M or TTH, deviations from the venous outfl ow in the vessels of the head and neck were detected. Disorders of the venous outfl ow in patients with hypertension and M are more pronounced in the pool of the internal jugular veins (IJV) and vertebral veins (VV), and in patients with hypertension and TTH - in the pool of VV and superior orbital vein (SOV). In AH and M, the venous pressure in the upper limbs is increased.


The mechanics of machining at a very small depth of cut (100 nm or less) is not well understood. The chip formation physics, cutting forces generation, resulting temperatures and the size effects significantly affect the efficiency of the process and the surface quality of the workpiece. In this paper, the cutting mechanics at nanometric scale are investigated in comparison with conventional cutting principles. Molecular Dynamics (MD) is used to model and simulate the nanometric cutting processes. The models and simulated results are evaluated and validated by the cutting trials on an atomic force microscope (AFM). Furthermore, the conceptual design of a bench-type ultraprecision machine tool is presented and the machine aims to be a facility for nanometric cutting of three-dimensional MEMS devices. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential and applications of nanometric cutting techniques/equipment for the predictabilty, producibility and productivity of manufacturing at the nanoscale.


Examined the effects of offender sex, offender status, and consequence severity on accounts following an embarrassing predicament. Subjects were induced to believe they had committed a gaffe with either relatively mild or severe consequences for a confederate/victim of either higher or lower status than they, and their verbal and nonverbal behaviors captured on videotape served as the source of dependent variable measures


We have considered the features of professional training of specialists in the hotel and restaurant business and tourism. In the analysis of the curriculum, we appear to find a place in the training of future specialists in hotel and restaurant business and tourism in the study of humanities, namely: "Ukrainian language for professional purposes", "World culture and art", "Foreign language for professional orientation", "Fundamentals of professional ethics and culture of communication", and other. During the course, participants of the educational process must make efforts to form a communicative culture, critical thinking and aesthetics of speech. Future masters of hotel and restaurant business and tourism must be at a high level of management of communicative culture and content to think critically. The humanities cycle subjects basing on the text, with the help of which educational activities are carried out, training of future specialists of hotel and restaurant enterprises and tourism takes part in professional texts that help students accumulate professional terminology and form professional skills. We concluded that introducing elements of the dual system of education is a positive trend in the training of hotel and restaurant professionals and tourism. Students can assimilate and improve communication culture, see bottlenecks and make an effort to correct and improve themselves.


: Applying a relation of graceful trees with permutations, we enumerate non-equivalent graceful trees and get a closed formula for such number in this paper.


1. Introduction Part I: Contexts 2. The Review and Other Discourses 3. Policies and Legacies Part II: Children and Childhood 4. Childhood Today 5. Children's Lives Outside School 6. Parenting, Caring and Educating 7. Children's Development and Learning 8. Children, Diversity and Equity 9. Children with Special Needs 10. Children's Voices Part III: The Experience of Primary Education 11. Foundations 12. What is Primary Education for? 13. Curriculum Past and Present 14. Towards a New Curriculum 15. Pedagogy 16. Assessment, Learning and Accountability 17. Attainment, Standards and Quality 18. Schools and Communities Part IV: The System of Primary Education 19. Structures and Transitions 20. Schools, Local Authorities and Other Agencies 21. Teachers 22. Professional Leadership and Workforce Reform 23. The Context and Impact of Policy Part V: Conclusions and Recommendations 24. Conclusions and Recommendations


This over-all equation is thought to consist of the repetition of a series of reactions, each series being initiated by the condensation of malonyl coenzyme A with an unsubstituted straight chain acyl compound to form ,&ketoacyl-S-enzyme (5, 8). A series is then presumably concluded by reactions in which the P-ketoacyl compound is reduced and dehydrated to form an acyl compound 2 carbon atoms longer than the one initiating the series and ready to participate in a condensation with another molecule of malonyl coenzyme A. Evidence now available seems to eliminate acyl-CoA compounds as intermediates in these reactions. This is indicated by the finding that crotonyl-CoA and P-hydroxybutyryl-CoA are not reduced in a fatty acid-synthesizing system from pigeon liver (9) and by the observation that butyryl-CoA is not an intermediate in the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in an enzyme system from adipose tissue (10). Presumptive evidence exists which suggests that the 4 carbon intermediates in the further metabolism of the initial condensation product, acetoacetyl-s-enzyme, are enzyme-bound D( -)-phydroxybutyrate, crotonate, and butyrate (5,11,12). However, this concept is based on studies with model compounds and the enzyme-bound intermediates themselves, with the exception of enzyme-bound acetoacetate and butyrate in Escherichia coli (8,13), have not been isolated and characterized. The bacterial fatty acid-synthesizing system offers a unique advantage in the study of intermediates in the over-all reaction because the system can be fractionated into a number of protein fractions (8, 14, 15). Of considerable interest in the fractionated bacterial system has been Enzyme II, the heat-stable, acid-stable protein that binds the /3-ketoacyl intermediate formed from the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA (8). This role of Enzyme II as an acyl-binding protein in fatty acid synthesis has now been extended by the demonstration that butyrate formed by the enzymatic reduction of acetoacetyl-SEnzyme II is also in acyl linkage with Enzyme II (13), presumably in the form butyryl-S-Enzyme II. With the isolation of these two enzyme-bound intermediates of fatty acid synthesis, the series of reactions that catalyzes a 2 carbon elongation in fatty acid synthesis has been separated into two parts, the condensation and the reduction. It is the purpose of this paper to present evidence for Scheme 1 in the enzymatic synthesis of long chain fatty acids. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE


. The peculiarity of the activities of public sector institutions of the Ukrainian economy is that they are forced to form and use their resources within the approved budget of revenues and expenditures. That is why it is important to monitor the condition and preservation of the property of such institutions. The purpose of the study is to identify ways to improve the stage of preparation for the inventory and its documentation by developing and approving an internal regulation on the inventory of public sector institutions. During the study of the essence of the concept of "institutions of the public sector of the economy", the principles and features of the inventory were used methods of scientific analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, the method of theoretical and logical generalization. One of the methods of control over the proper storage and use of the resource base of public sector institutions is inventory. The purpose of the study is to examine ways to improve the process of preparation and documentation of inventory in public sector institutions of the Ukrainian economy. General scientific and specific methods of scientific research were used in studying the issue. The issue of conducting an inventory and qualitative reflection of its results always remains relevant. According to our study, the emphasis was on recommendations for public sector institutions to develop and implement internal regulations on inventory of assets and liabilities, which will greatly simplify their current work not only before the preparation of annual financial statements but throughout the financial year.


Objective. The aim of the work is to determine the prospects for the development of digital financial instruments in the management of social and economic systems. Method. The comparative analysis of the results of an anonymous survey using interactive multi-user social networks was used as research methods in the work. Result. The factors and key parameters influencing the development of cryptocurrency mechanisms are revealed, the advantages and disadvantages of using digital tools are identified. Suggestions for the management of cryptocurrency instruments and recommendations for improving the reliability and development of digital instruments in the financial and digital environment are given. The results of the analysis of a survey of 1121 respondents on the topic of using cryptocurrencies are presented. The results of the study showed that the most commonly used cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin and Ethereum, with a significant proportion of respondents preferring digital activities such as mining and trading. At the same time, a significant number of respondents believe that the future development of digital financial instruments is directly dependent on the legitimization of cryptocurrencies by the state and improvement of blockchain technology. Conclusion. The development of cryptocurrencies cannot be assessed unambiguously. With the development of cryptocurrency instruments, a number of threats arise, which include significant volatility, the presence of legislative restrictions on their use, and the inability to withdraw operations. The further development of cryptocurrencies should be associated with the legal regulation of their distribution, both at the national and international levels, which will ensure the determination of their legal status among other monetary units. It is also necessary to carry out a phased introduction of cryptocurrencies into payment systems for cash settlements, which should be carried out on the basis of the organization of the official circulation of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.


Provides a technical and statutory background to the practices of resurfacing and roughcasting in France. The book stresses the importance of resurfacing the facades of buildings for two reasons: first in order to appreciate neglected parts of the architectural heritage more properly; and second, for economic reasons, evidenced by the fact that French savoir-faire in this field is being ever more sought abroad. Points of interest include: the importance of cleaning facades; the roles-legislation and judicial aspects; finance and fiscal deductions; damage to facades-dirt, trees, moisture, ageing, wind, rain, and possible prevention of damage; resurfacing techniques - roughcasting, cleaning, reparation, silicatation, etc. according to the kind of building materials; various forms of scaffolding and materials; the resurfacing building site; and documentation of companies specialising in resurfacing, in producing resurfacing products or special scaffolding.


There are 3 examples in these notes. The first one is the standard example of the cubic resolvent of a quartic. The second example is exactly from Adelmann \cite{Adelmann} and gives a defining polynomial corresponding to the unique $S_4$-quotient of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z})$. The splitting field of the Adelmann polynomial over $\mathbb{Q}$ is a subfield of the 4-division field of an elliptic curve, that contains the 2-division field of the elliptic curve. The third example is new and needed in the study of the field theory of quaternion origami. Associated to an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, with a rational point, is a degree 8 polynomial whose Galois group is a subgroup of $\mathrm{Hol}(Q_8)$. Three defining polynomials corresponding to the three $S_4$-quotients of $\mathrm{Hol}(Q_8)$ are given.


Antiphospholipid antibodies may be produced in cases involving autoimmune diseases and can sometimes be caused by infections, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, antiphospholipid antibodies causing thrombosis associated with M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children have rarely been reported. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy with M. pneumoniae pneumonia with antiphospholipid antibodies, complicated by brachial artery thrombosis. He was found to have antiphospholipid antibodies and low protein S levels. The brachial artery thrombus was removed via thrombectomy. The titers of antiphospholipid antibodies turned normal within 5 months. This is a rare case of M. pneumoniae infection with brachial artery thrombosis associated with transient antiphospholipid antibodies.


Abstract Background: Depression causes emotional and physical disturbances which impacts biological functions such as sleep, appetite, libido, and disinterest in sexual function. Since discussing sexual problems is considered a taboo, there is limited data available concerning the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with depression and its response to treatment. Aim: To assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in females with depressive disorder and the effects of treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 53 females with recurrent depression and age and sex matched normal control group were included in the study with their informed consent. All the subjects were assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX), and female sexual functioning index (FSFI), which were re-administered after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: There was a significant difference in the HAM-D, ASEX, and FSFI scores between index and control groups at baseline. There was a significant correlation between the scores of HAM-D, ASEX, and FSFI before treatment. The correlation between the HAM-D and ASEX scores after treatment was not significant. A significant correlation was found between the HAM-D scores and the scores of arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain, total domains of FSFI after treatment. No correlation was found between the HAM-D scores and desire domain score of FSFI after treatment. Conclusion: Women with depression have a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction. A highly significant improvement in depression and sexual functioning was observed at the end of 6 weeks of antidepressant therapy. Despite the improvement in sexual dysfunctions, the individual domains of sexual functions were not comparable to the normal subjects at the end of 6 weeks suggesting the need for longer treatment.


"At MENC, we believe that the development of national standards in the arts is the most significant development in music and other arts education since 1838 when Lowell Mason introduced music into .rhe curriculum of the Boston schools. High standards in the arts at the national level will challenge the way teachers, administrators, and parents think about education, and they'll make our young people ready for a productive future." When MENC President Dorothy Straub made this statement at the National Celebration of Excellence· in American School Music (March 1993), she placed the national standards in an historical context to highlight their importance in music education. Looked at from the perspective of music education history, the standards are a manifestation of the same vision that led Lowell Mason to establish a music curriculum in Boston.When the elementary school children there performed "Wild-Wood Flowers," they demonstrated "competence and educational effectiveness," words used to describe the provisions of the National Standards today for the arts


Previous study(1) has indicated that behavioral changes occur at the onset of cerebral accidents in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). In the SHRSP stroke cases (SHRSP-stroke) in this study, the plasma norepinephrine concentration and blood pressure levels were higher than those in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke free SHRSP (SHRSP-control). These findings suggest that the increase in plasma norepinephrine level is at least in part associated with the blood pressure rise and behavioral changes in the SHRSP-stroke cases.


Abstract A case of musical hallucinosis is presented, which failed to respond to neuroleptics but responded to carbamazepine. Parallels with the Charles Bonnet syndrome are discussed.


This paper presents the study of modeling of one stage multi string inverter with multi rated model of photo voltaic modules. As the name implies, the Multi string topology can able to handle more number of PV strings with different orientations and varied irradiation levels. This multi string inverter is capable to harvest the maximum possible power from each without depending upon orientation, irradiation level, and at different operating temperatures. In this paper a multi string inverter with two different PV modules using MATLAB/SIMULINK has been implemented and complete analysis is carried out with and without filters. THD of output is also obtained.


By analyzing the content of heavy metals of water substance in Nansha River,the distribution characteristics of heavy metals were discussed.Index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment was assessed by the method of potential ecological risk index.Results indicated:Nansha River doesn't have been polluted by heavy metals seriously.the index of geo-accumulation(Igeo)classify are between 0~3,the contamination levels are from non to middle,Various heavy metals pollution degree from high to low in turn is: ZnAsPbCuCrCd.Potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment exhibits light to middle,with Cd as priority risk.


The EMPIRE workshop attempts to provide some answers to the growing interest of the user modeling research community on the role of human factors, especially personality and emotions, on various aspects of user modeling. This rst edition of the workshop has six ac- cepted papers and an invited talk.


The study presents the results of the radiation of hulled emmer wheat grains during the production of flattened cereals. Emmer wheat grains (dehulling index 13–15 %) after moistening were exposed to the radiation in the microwave oven for 20–180 s. Flattened cereals were divided into the premium and first-grade quality, shredded cereals and middlings. The study focused on the changes in the output and culinary properties of flattened cereals depending on the duration of radiation, level of humidification and cultivar properties. Application of the electromagnetic field had a strong influence on the output of flattened cereals. Moistening had a positive influence on the output of flattened cereals of the premium grade. The total output of cereal products after flattening of cereal from emmer wheat № 1 of Holikvska variety without hydrothermal treatment varied from 85.5 to 97.3 % depending on the duration of treatment in a microwave oven. Moistening of cereals by 0.5 % didn't raise the total output of cereals as it was expected. The output of flattened cereals varied depending on the cultivar. The highest output of flattened cereals (79.2 %) was obtained from emmer wheat of Holikovska variety. To obtain the highest output of flattened cereals of the premium grade should be exposed to the radiation for 80–120 s depending on the cultivar/ line. The increase in time of radiation in the microwave (>120 s) leads to the considerable crushing of cereals after flattening. The cooking time of flattened cereals decreases as the time of treatment in the microwave oven increases. Only cultivar properties influence the organoleptic parameters (color, flavor). Radiation of cereals № 1 from emmer wheat Holikovska for 80–100 s without moistening provides a high output of flattened cereals of the premium grade with excellent organoleptic parameters.

https://agriculturalscience.com.ua/web/uploads/pdf/Plant and Soil Science_2022_Vol.13, No.3_7-17.pdf


The main purpose of this paper is to achieve clock synchronization between physical layers of network nodes, and to achieve frequency synchronization and full synchronization by exchanging clock information through pulse-coupled discrete time phase-locked loop. This article is mainly to use the discrete spectrum correction method to reduce the influence of noise caused by crystal oscillator clock signal in transmission process due to various reasons, then establish Laplacian matrix which consist of relative signal intensity of nodes to control the update amount of clock information, finally the synchronization steady state between network nodes is achieved.


Recent work helped confirm the validity of a previously published statistical-heuristic method for selecting compounds to be processed in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) mouse tumor prescreen. One study involved about 35 000 compounds which satisfied certain biological and chemical criteria. These compounds, taken from the NCI collection, were ranked according to predicted probability of activity. The results showed 34% of the active compounds in the top 10% of the ranking. In a second study the predictive ability of a chemist and the computer were compared by having each rate almost 1000 previously unselected compounds for activity. The results were about equal with respect to the yield of biologically active compounds, though their selection agreement was fairly low.


We report on muon spin rotation/relaxation and $^{119}$Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to study the microscopic superconducting and magnetic properties of the Heusler compound with the highest superconducting transition temperature, \ypd\ ($T_c=5.4$ K). Measurements in the vortex state provide the temperature dependence of the effective magnetic penetration depth $\lambda(T)$ and the field dependence of the superconducting gap $\Delta(0)$. The results are consistent with a very dirty s-wave BCS superconductor with a gap $\Delta(0)=0.85(3)$ meV, $\lambda(0)= 212(1)$ nm, and a Ginzburg-Landau coherence length $\xi_{\mathrm{GL}}(0)\cong 23$ nm. In spite of its very dirty character, the effective density of condensed charge carriers is high compared to the normal state. The \mSR data in a broad range of applied fields are well reproduced by taking into account a field-related reduction of the effective superconducting gap. Zero-field \mSR measurements, sensitive to the possible presence of very small magnetic moments, do not show any indications of magnetism in this compound.


For more than ten years, the individual decision maker's ability to adjust for accounting changes has been a topic of concern to accountants engaged in behavioral research. Ashton's paper presents an attempt at a major methodological advance in the study of the effects of accounting changes on the individual. While most prior studies only measured the effect of a change on behavior, this project attempts to examine how the change affects the way the decision maker (DM) processes information. Such knowledge would allow more meaningful interpretation of the effects on behavior. The paper also provides a detailed analysis of the differences between the psychological concept of functional fixation and the modified version adopted by accountants. However, because of questions concerning the execution of the study, the results shed little light upon the question of interest. My comments generally concern (1) the way in which the conceptual network was operationalized and (2) other less important methodological issues.


Every day, the services or composite services satisfy billions of customers' requirements. However, these requirements are not explicit to the service providers, because people always make their decisions randomly or with specific reasons that are not announced directly online. Therefore, digging user interest (portrait) became a trendy measure for Web personalized recommendation. However, user requirement is not only a collection of user interests. It will be more comprehensive, if it contains the mode of user demand occurrence and the trend of user preference evolution. This paper proposes a novel approach based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to elicit the service requirement patterns and detect the individual preference evolution under these patterns. A case study is performed in pharmaceutical retail service market to verify this approach.


Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds the use of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of which is pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time and their use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related to combusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. Central Australian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobacco exposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal and birth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics, and biological samples were collected and compared. The biological samples were analysed for tobacco and nicotine metabolite concentrations. Samples from the mother included venous blood, urine, hair and colostrum and/or breast milk. From the neonate, this included Day 1 and Day 3 urine and meconium, and from the placenta, arterial and venous cord blood following delivery. This is the first study to correlate the pregnancy outcomes of central Australian Aboriginal women with different tobacco exposures. The findings will provide the foundation for epidemiological data collection in related studies. Note to readers: In this article, the term "Aboriginal" was chosen by central Australian women to refer to both themselves and the Aboriginal people in their communities. "Indigenous" was chosen to refer to the wider Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.


The procedures of determination of conditional probabilities of failure-free work, breakdowns conditional probabilities densities and legitimacy of their usage in aggregates reliability mathematical models are discussed in the article.


Modeling of a conceptual in-ground reactor for destroying toxic organic wastes is reported in this memo. The modeling problem was to solve for the pressure and temperature profiles in an in-ground reactor designed to destroy organic wastes by oxidation in supercritical water.


The olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ of the Japanese striped snake were examined by lectin histochemistry. Of the 21 lectins used in the study, all lectins except succinylated‐wheat germ agglutinin (s‐WGA) showed similar binding patterns in the vomeronasal receptor cells and the olfactory receptor cells with varying intensities. The binding patterns of s‐WGA varied among individuals in the vomeronasal and olfactory receptor cells, respectively. Four lectins, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin‐II (BSL‐II), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), and Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) stained secretory granules and the organelles in the olfactory supporting cells and did not stain them in the vomeronasal supporting cells. These results suggest that the glycoconjugate moieties are similar in the vomeronasal and olfactory receptor cells of the Japanese striped snake. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The present invention relates to a metal nanoparticle dispersion comprising a dispersion medium, wherein the medium comprises a solvent of formula I of the dispersion, wherein R1 and R2 represent optionally substituted alkyl, and R1 and R2 may form a ring. When Formula I is used as a dispersion solvent medium, to give a polymeric dispersant need not stabilized metal nanoparticle dispersion. (I).


It is an instinct requirement of the enterprise management to lower the cost so that the enterprise can optimize the asset efficiency. To enhance competition ability and enlarge the market share, enterprises must have a good inventory management system. In this paper, two solutions of inventory management based on bill of material (BOM) have been discussed. One is the accurate quantity and time that globally decided by primary equation of inventory management and the form of material requirement planning (MRP). The other is the stock requirement quantity and the detail structure which is implemented by compound BOM structure. A systematic and quantitative management method for trivial and heavy stock management had been discussed in this paper.


Capturing global contextual information plays a critical role in breast ultrasound (BUS) image classification. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated reliable performance in tumor classification, they have inherent limitations for modeling global and long-range dependencies due to the localized nature of convolution operations. Vision Transformers have an improved capability of capturing global contextual information but may distort the local image patterns due to the tokenization operations. In this study, we proposed a hybrid multitask deep neural network called Hybrid-MT-ESTAN, designed to perform BUS tumor classification and segmentation using a hybrid architecture composed of CNNs and Swin Transformer components. The proposed approach was compared to nine BUS classification methods and evaluated using seven quantitative metrics on a dataset of 3,320 BUS images. The results indicate that Hybrid-MT-ESTAN achieved the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and F1 score of 82.7%, 86.4%, and 86.0%, respectively.


Key Laboratory of Separation Science Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian I Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023 Fax: +86-411-84379620; Tel: +86-411-84379 College of Pharmacy, Henan University of T 450000, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, E Technology, Shanghai 200237, China † Electronic supplementary information masses and proposed oligosaccharide c human IgG aer enrichment by LCD-M identied from 3 mg of the ve-glycoprot list of identied glycoproteins and uniq liver captured by LCD-MOFs. See DOI: 10 Cite this: Analyst, 2014, 139, 4987


: Convective heat transfer induced in open cavities is one of the main pillars that the topic of energy saving relies on. This article reviews and categorizes the results of researches on mixed convection in open cavity connected with a channel and highlights the gap that should be filled in future works. It is found that the best heat and mass transfer is attained when the source of heat and/or species is located at a vertical wall of the cavity where it opposites the flow direction. The review has revealed that the experimental studies are relatively scare where it 10% of the total reviewed studies, while those dealing with nanofluids and porous media are 9% for each. It is found that the


We evaluate the Hadamard function and the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the current density for a charged scalar field in the region between two co-dimension one branes on the background of locally AdS spacetime with an arbitrary number of toroidally compactified spatial dimensions. Along compact dimensions periodicity conditions are considered with general values of the phases and on the branes Robin boundary conditions are imposed for the field operator. In addition, we assume the presence of a constant gauge field. The latter gives rise to Aharonov-Bohm type effect on the vacuum currents. There exists a range in the space of the Robin coefficients for separate branes where the vacuum state becomes unstable. Compared to the case of the standard AdS bulk, in models with compact dimensions the stability condition imposed on the parameters is less restrictive. The current density has nonzero components along compact dimensions only. These components are decomposed into the brane-free and brane-induced contributions. Different representations are provided for the latter well suited for the investigation of the near-brane, near-AdS boundary and near-AdS horizon asymptotics. The component along a given compact dimension is a periodic function of the gauge field flux, enclosed by that dimension, with the period of the flux quantum. An important feature, that distinguishes the current density from the expectation values of the field squared and energy-momentum tensor, is its finiteness on the branes. In particular, for Dirichlet boundary condition the current density vanishes on the branes. We show that, depending on the constants in the boundary conditions, the presence of the branes may either increase or decrease the current density compared with that for the brane-free geometry. Applications are given to the Randall–Sundrum 2-brane model with extra compact dimensions. In particular, we estimate the effects of the hidden brane on the current density on the visible brane.


A total of twenty-two species of Psychodidae was collected from two streams in northwestern Pennsylvania from 1979-1981, using aquatic emergence traps. At Fourmile Creek, 644 specimens were collected from two sites, one upstream and one downstream from a discharge of sewage effluent, while at another control site (Sixmile Creek), 257 specimens were collected. At the sewage affected site in 1981, 13 species were collected with Psychoda parthenogenetica (Tonnoir) accounting for 65% and Tinearia alternata (Say) 19% of the collection while at the upstream site 16 species were collected. Telmatoscopus quadripunctatus (Banks) accounted for 19% in 1981 and Tinearia limicola (Vaillant) 33% in 1980 at this upstream site. At Sixmile Creek in 1981, 13 species were collected and Quateiella interdicta (Dylar) (43%) was most abundant while in 1979 Panimerus basalis (Banks) (43%) was dominant. The tribe Psycodini was most abundant in the sewage-contaminated water while the tribes Pericomini and Tematoscopini were most abundant at the uncontaminated sites.


Polymer composites were used to reduce the weight of the spacecraft's cryogenic propellant tank. Since these materials were directional, the permeability performance of the gas permeated or delivered in the stacking direction was an indicator directly related to performance such as tank stability and onboard fuel quantity estimation. In addition, the results of permeation measurements and optical analysis of the surface to verify the effect of the number of cycles exposed to the cryogenic-room temperature environment are included. As a result, the permeability was inversely proportional to the thickness and was proportional to the number of thermal shocks, and it was verified that the permeability performance was suitable for the cryogenic propellant tank material for the space launch vehicle. 초 록: 우주 발사체용 극저온 추진제 탱크 경량화를 위한 고분자복합재료의 적용은 방향성을 가지는 복합재의 특성으로 인해 기체 투과도 성능 규명이 선행되어야 한다. 이러한 특성은 탱크 안정성 및 탑재 연료량 산정과 같 은 성능 및 경제성과 직결된 지표다. 본 연구에서는 구조해석을 통해 도출된 극저온 추진제 탱크의 구조에 대하 여 2가지 두께에 대한 투과도를 실험적으로 평가하였으며, 나아가 극저온-상온 환경에 노출된 열충격 횟수에 따 른 시편의 비가역적 특성에 대한 투과도 분석 결과를 포함한다. 연구에 사용된 복합재는 두께에 반비례하며 열충 격 횟수에 비례하는 투과도 특성을 보였으며, 우주 발사체용 극저온 추진제 탱크 소재로 적절한 투과도 성능을 가 지는 것을 검증하였다.


Focused on the current study examining the preventive role of a substance carnitine against the toxic effects of the Insecticide cypermetherin in mice by changes in the weights of body and organ in the measurements of blood and plasma in the protein content of the liver and the brain and study the changes enzyme AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, LDH and AChE in the plasma, liver and brain . Also study changes in the concentration of materials free radicals TBARS and antioxidant enzymes SOD, GST, GSH, SH plasma, liver and brain. And study the histological changes in the liver and the brain using light and electron microscopes. Experience has been that long (30 days) animals divided into six groups: control group fed through a feeding tube oral corn oil and high-dose group cypermetherin HD fed 2.8 mg / kg of a substance and a cypermetherin LD fed low-dose 0. 82 mg / kg of material cypermetherin and a carnitine LC fed 200 mg / kg of carnitine and a carnitine with high dose of cypermetherin HD + LC fed 200 mg/kg carnitine and 2.8 mg / kg Cypermetherin and a carnitine with low-dose of cypermetherin LD+LC fed 200 mg / kg carnitine and 0. 82 mg / kg Cypermetherin. The results of the study and a significant decrease in the weights of the animals end of the experiment and compared beginning of the experiment between HD and LD and the control group. While there has been a significant increase in HD+LC and LD+LC, and a significant increase in liver weight and the lack of significant difference in brain weight of HD and LD and an improvement in group HD+LC and LD+LC. The group of LC did not happen change. The results showed a significant decrease in protein content of the liver and brain in a range of HD and LD. While a significant increase occurred in HD+LC and LD+LC did not change happen in a LC.The results showed a significant decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin and hematocrit and a significant increase in white blood cells in a range of HD and LD has been an improvement in measurements of blood in a HD+LC and LD+LC, while no change in LC compared to controls. The results show in HD and LD group a significant decrease in protein and total globulin and a significant increase in albumin / globulin, while the group has improved HD+LC and LD+LC, abuminl did not record significant difference. The results also showed a significant increase in the concentration of glucose and bilirubin in the plasma with a HD and LD, while after the addition of carnitine to Cypermetherin significant decrease occurred in a HD+LC and LD+LC. The results showed also a significant decrease in plasma lipoproteins in the TL, Cho,TG ,VLDL and LDL and a significant increase in HDL in the HD and LD group, while it has improved after the addition of carnitine to Cypermetherin. The results showed a significant difference in the activities of the enzymes AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, LDH and AChE in the plasma, liver and brain in a range of HD and LD, while an improvement in the concentration of enzymes in a HD+LC and LD+LC compared to the control group, the group of carnitine was not out of change. The results showed a significant increase in the activities of TBARS and a significant reduction of the enzyme antioxidant SOD, GST, GSH and SH in the plasma, liver and brain (enzyme SOD record a significant increase in the plasma) in a range of HD and. LD, while in group HD+LC and LD+LC has improved in the concentration of enzymes compared to controls, and the carnitine group was not out of change. Showed a microscopic examination of liver tissue in group HD Hepatocytes suffering from death with a local inflammatory cells and the occurrence of compression sinusoids. The results of the electron microscope it was noted hepatocytes contain a nucleus with nuclear envelope and zigzag decomposition of chromatin nucleus. In the LD was observed to suffer from emphysema hepatocytes hydrobicdegeneration cytoplazem, and the nuclei of cells suffers from the degradation of chromatin. In HD+LC hepatocytes appeared normal and contain megakaryocytes. The cell contains a two sinusoids kupffer. The electron microscope images showed areas of low electron density hepatocytes as a result of glycogen depletion, and the nucleus with little chromatin. In LD+LC hepatocytes appeared normal with the presence of inflammatory cells. Also showed the results of examination of brain tissue in the HD layer decomposition of Purkinje cells and replaced, microglia cells and electron microscope images showed a nerve cell body shrunken with an increase in electron density. The LD decay showed neurons and gathering of inflammatory cells and Purkinje cells appear shrunken and replaced (Gllia cells). In HD+LC and observed a large number of neurons in some way become a shrinking of the death-place with a microglia cells. The electron microscope images showed a small-sized neurons with a microglia cells. In LD+LC observed lack of improvement in the form of Purkinje cells, which began atrophic, and granule cells are few and far between, While there is no change in the LC group all groups in the study.


Abstract. We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay,
Hokkaido, Japan, on 15 February, 4 and 15 March, and 14 April 2019. The
diatom spring bloom peaked on 4 March and started declining on 15 March.
Funka Bay winter water remained below 30 m depth, which was below the
surface mixed-layer and dark-layer depth (0.1 % of the surface photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, depth) on 4
and 15 March. In the subsurface layer at depths of 30–50 m, concentrations
of NO3-, PO43-, and Si(OH)4 decreased by half
between these dates, even in the dark. Incubation experiments using the
diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii showed that this diatom could consume added nutrients in the dark at
substantial rates after pre-culturing to deplete nutrients. Incubation
experiments using natural seawater collected in the growing phase of the bloom on 8 March 2022 also showed that nutrient-depleted phytoplankton could consume
added nutrients in the dark. We excluded three physical
process – water mixing, diffusive transport, and subduction – as possible main
reasons for the decrease in nutrients in the subsurface layer. We conclude
that the nutrient reduction in the subsurface layer (30–50 m) between 4 and
15 March 2019 could be explained by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark in that
layer.


Current studies1 ~5) have provided considerable evidence of increase of /?-glucuronidase activity in human tumors and suggested that /?-glucuronidase plays a key role in degradation of basement membranes during metastasis of the tumor cells, and showed that pglucuronidase inhibitors inhibit tumor-cell metastasis. In the course of our studies6~16) of new drugs for tumor metastasis based on siastatin B (1),17) we showed that synthetic (35',45', 5^,6^)-6-(trifluoroacetamido)-4,5dihydroxypiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (2) and (3R,4R,


Commerically pure beryllium polycrystals prepared by hot uniaxial crucible extrusion have been used for statistical investigation of the microhardness distribution on various faces distinguished by the orientation with respect to the extrusion axis. The microhardness anisotropy coefficient K (the relative difference of the statistical average values of microhardness for faces perpendicular and parallel to the extrusion axis) of the tested material was high. Low temperature thermocycling between 300 and 77 K essentially reduced K, which is thought to be a result of structural state changes and internal stress redistribution in the material induced by thermoeleastic stresses due to thermocycling.

The result of the experiment is in qualitative agreement with data on the beryllium defect structure and fracture character found by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

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Though the method of gathering documentary and materials,interviewing and investigating,the thesis studies the system engineering characteristics and the controling principles of Hubei 5th Traditional Sport Games for Minorities,aiming to offer some references to such kind of traditional games and other games.


Abstract Discussions concerning human rights have been characterised by a clash between natural rights/liberalism and 'power', 'social democratic' and feminist perspectives. Under the former individuals are accorded freedom and protection from interference by the state. Individuals are free to pursue their interests/natural rights on the proviso of not infringing the natural rights of others. Writers in the latter tradition maintain that human rights cannot be characterised by a dichotomy between the 'public' and the 'private', or abstracted from prevailing relations of economic power. While industrial relations (the discipline) has traditionally not been concerned with human rights per se, its traditional concern with tensions between 'individual' and 'collective' rights has a resonance with discussions of human rights. Individual workers have turned to collective action to counter the superior economic power and dominance of those that employ them. The paper examines various issues associated with indus...


Air pollution is at lethal and illegal levels, with urgent action required. Under current plans, children born today will have started school before they have air that is fit to breathe. We are not at all satisfied that the plan will deliver the legal requirement to tackle the problem of air pollution as quickly as possible. The plan should be comprehensive, effective and deliverable. The proposals set out in the May 2017 consultation risk failing on all counts.


This critical exposition challenges three binary oppositions within literacy education in Australian primary schools from the 1950s to the present: the skills-based versus whole language debate, the exclusively print-based approach versus multiliteracies, and the opposition between cultural heritage and critical literacy models. The six literacy approaches are briefly described, and significant criticisms raised by their detractors are argued with justification of claims. The tensions raised by each binary opposition are reconciled and reframed. The article concludes with a call for pedagogical transformation to meet the constantly changing technologically, culturally and linguistically diverse textual practices required in the twenty-first century.


Fuyang Formations in Yudong area of Sanzhao sag in Songliao basin has great resource potential. In order to study the sand body development and distribution characteristics of Fuyang oil layer in this area, the basic principle of geostatistics inversion is adopted. According to the steps of wavelet extraction and well seismic calibration, establishment of low-frequency background model, constrained sparse pulse inversion and geostatistical inversion parameter test, prediction of sand body distribution in Fuyang reservoir is realized. Through trend analysis and coincidence rate verification, it shows that geostatistical inversion method has high applicability for sand body prediction of Fuyang reservoir in Yudong area, and provides important support for guiding the next exploration in this area.


This editorial aims (1) to define IT Professional Services (ITPS) as an increasingly important area of research endeavor, and (2) to consider the impact of the Internet on globalization and the ITPS sector.


This document describes the analyses that may be incorporated into the Aviation System Analysis Capability Executive Assistant. The document will be used as a discussion tool to enable NASA and other integrated aviation system entities to evaluate, discuss, and prioritize analyses.


Many Gram positive and negative bacteria, and fungi communicate with each other by means of different signal molecules. As well as releasing the signalling molecules, microbes are also able to measure the concentration of the molecules in their environment as a clue of the number of microbial population. By this way, they behave in a well-coordinated manner, regulate their virulence factors in order to escape from the immune response of the host and establish a successful infection process. In this respect, if we can block the quorum sensing systems (signaling pathways) we may be able to prevent development of an infection, to produce new, safer and more powerful antibiotics.


A digital network is rising to support the forthcoming digital business and its underlying technology platforms and IT practices. It focuses on folks and therefore the Internet of Things (IoT) endpoints. The digital business evolution is exploiting new digital models to align additional closely to the physical and digital world for workers, partners and customers. Technology is frozen in everything. Digital technologies in the likes of cellular devices, social media platforms, smartphones, big data, prognosticative analytics, and cloud etc seem to be completely different when compared to the preceding IT-based technologies. Newer technologies bit the purchasers directly which interaction creates a supply of digital distinction that matters to worth and revenue. The companies are looking for ways that to chop prices whereas at a similar time grow capabilities that are core to their future growth. Historically, Technology strategy was viewed as a value center, but currently organizations formulate technology strategy because it acts as enabler of future business success. Technology helps organizations expedite business outcomes with best-in-class value structures.


Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) is a recent auto insurance innovation that enables insurance companies to collect individual consumer's driving data and provide individually targeted price discounts based on each consumer's driving behaviour. In this paper, using detailed information on insurance premium, retention rates of customers and individual driving behaviour for the UBI adopters, we examine and estimate the effect of the UBI policy on changing the customers' driving behaviour, which is a potential source of profit improvement for the insurance company beyond better selection among customers and higher retention rates. The key results of our analysis are as follow: First, after controlling for age and gender, we find considerable variation in individual level UBI scores, thus providing evidence that UBI can help the company better estimate a driver's risk and price accordingly. Second, among the company's customers, adopters of UBI have higher retention rates than non-adopters; moreover, among UBI customers, safer drivers have higher retention rates. Third, very importantly, our results show that after UBI adoption, the drivers improve their driving behaviour, resulting in lower risk of an accident, providing a meaningful benefit for both the driver and the insurance company. We find that not all components of the UBI measure appear to change over time. In particular, we find that customers decrease their daily average hard brake frequency by an average of 21% after using UBI for six months, but we cannot find any significant effects on the mileage driven by customers after UBI adoption. We also find heterogeneous effects across different demographic groups. For example, younger drivers are more likely to adopt UBI and they also improve their UBI scores faster than older drivers after the UBI adoption. We also find that economic incentives lead to higher adoption rates of UBI and greater improvements in driving behaviour. Our results suggest that UBI is not only beneficial to the insurance company, but also to consumers who become better drivers.


The diagnosis code has a very important role in making policies for health care providers. This study is an analytical study with a cross sectional approach. The method used is observation, interview and check list. The study sample was 81 out of 431 inpatient medical record documents. and sampling technique with systematic random sampling from. Data analysis uses univariate and bivariate with Fisher's.
The percentage of accuracy of reselection rules shows 64% accuracy (52 documents) and inaccurate is 36% (29 documents). The percentage of accuracy of reselection rules is 69 documents with a percentage of 85% and 12 documents incorrect with a percentage of 15%. The results of the Fisher's statistical calculation show no corelation to the primary diagnosis based on reselection rules with the accuracy of the diagnosis code based on ICD-10 (p = 0.529).


Inhibition effect of 25 kinds of preservatives to botrytis cinerea and alternaria spp from red global grapes were studied. The results showed that, in terms of botrytis cinerea, the most potent antibacterial agents were peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, followed by sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid, bromo-geramium, propolis, iprodione and sodium hypophosphite were relatively weak. As to alternaria spp, iprodione, bromo-geramium and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate had the most effective prohibiting power, with peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid in the secondary rank, propolis and sodium hypophosphite in the bottom of the hierarchy. Nevertheless, other preservatives used commonly in food, such as sodium benzoate, sorbate, sucrose fatty acid ester and chitosan, were totally ineffected to the two moulds.


In-depth study of the C shell as a command interpreter and the gateway to other programs and utilities running under UNIX.


Abstract A new brachiopod genus and species Simehorthis fascicostellata is described from the upper Darriwilian part of the Lashkarak Formation of eastern Alborz in northern Iran. The taxon appears as a minor component of the Saucrorthis Brachiopod Association and later proliferated as a distinct part of a rich brachiopod-echinoderm fauna in the latest Darriwilian. Simehorthis together with Hesperorthis are the only genera of the Family Hesperorthidae yet documented from the Middle Ordovician. Also there was no previous record of the occurrence of Hesperorthidae in association with the Saucrorthis Fauna, and in the Middle Ordovician of the Austrolasian sector of Gondwana and associated terranes, while Hesperorthis was mainly confined to peri-Iapetus locations in the Darriwilian. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B6459870-B591-4A48-B9B5-9F8BA9EC5A03 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ABC9EAEF-5489-453B-AB9C-E85C145931D3


Subjects of this study, including 222 HI students and 485 NH students, were analyzed based on the psychometrics of "S-P Cognitive Diagnostic Model" which is used to obtain the common and idiosyncratic operation used by HI students The "Analyzing System for Fraction Subtraction Operation Strategies" used in the study generates an S-P chart (Takahiro Sato) in order to obtain the common and idiosyncratic operation strategies used by students. The result of the study showed the frequencies of the computation rules reflected differences between both groups. Thus, the 'S-P Cognitive Diagnostic Model' constructed in this study classified the rules utilized by HI and NH students when performing fraction subtraction and reflected the changes of schema when responding to questions. Consequently, the objective of micro diagnosis was achieved.


HB-Line uses eductors to pump the contents of the Recycle Tanks and the Filtrate Tanks to H Canyon. The eductors serve the functions of both pumping and diluting product bearing solutions. Dilution must be reliably controlled because of criticality concerns with H Canyon Tanks. Therefore, it is important to measure the performance characteristics of the eductors. An eductor (Schutte and Koerting, model 264, size 1/2 inch, 316 stainless steel) identical to the eductors in HB Line Phase II was tested in the Thermal Fluids Laboratory (TFL) over the appropriate ranges of eductant pressure, suction head and discharge head. After testing, the eductor was engraved with the following equipment number, HBL-221000-HV-NPCP-EDR-NT-31/32. The performance data were successfully correlated using two equations, one for the flowrate of eductant and the other for the flowrate of suction fluid. Flowrates were within 10 percent of the flowrates published by the vendor.


In the 3-dimensional space R3 we consider the union Yof three pairwise distinct half-planes P1, P2, P3 (pages) having a common boundary (the binding line): ∂P1 = ∂P2 = ∂P3 = l oriented by a direction vector ν. Any non-selfintersecting closed polygonal line L ⊂ Y(which may have several connected components) such that for any i ∈Z3 each connected component of L∩ Pi (an arch) consists of two rectilinear intervals of equal length perpendicular to one another will be called a three-page link diagram . The points of the intersection L∩ l will be denoted by M1, . . . ,Mn(L) and numbered according to the orientation of l. Each three-page link diagram will be encoded by a word in the 12-character alphabet A = {ai, bi, ci, di}i∈Z3 . To this end we first define a map φ = (φ1, φ2, φ3) : A → Z3 by φ(aj) = δi j+1 +δ i j−1, φ (bj) = δi j+1−δ j−1, φ(cj) = −δi j+1−δ j−1, φ(dj) = −δi j+1 +δi j−1, where i, j ∈Z3 and δ i is the Kronecker symbol. Each point Mp ∈ L ∩ l is on two segments, MpQ and MpR say, of the polygonal line L. Without loss of generality it can be assumed that Q ∈ Pi, R ∈ Pi+1, where i ∈Z3. We say that Mp is of type x ∈ A if φi(x) = sgn〈MpQ, ν〉, φi+1(x) = sgn〈MpR,ν〉, φi−1(x) = 0, where 〈·, ·〉 denotes the standard scalar product in R3. With L we associate the word wL = x1 · · · xn(L) if for all p ≤ n(L) the vertex Mp ∈ L ∩ l is of type xp ∈ A . It is easily seen that the diagram L can be reconstructed from wL uniquely to within an isotopy in Y. It is also clear that by no means every word encodes a three-page diagram. Words in the alphabet A of the form wL, where L is a three-page diagram, are called balanced . We shall now consider the semigroup S generated by A and defined by the relations


The BRS Carmem grape was developed as an alternative for processing juices and wines. This study aimed to determine the phenolic compounds (PC) in the edible parts of this grape from two harvests—one harvested at ideal maturation time and another when the grapes were still immature—using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Student's t-test was used (α = 0.05) to evaluate differences in the PC content between the edible parts and between the harvests. Both skins showed a predominance of flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives (HCAD) and stilbenes, with higher concentrations for harvest 1 than harvest 2. For both harvests (harvest 1 and harvest 2), the HCAD (mg of caftaric acid•kg fruit−1) was higher in whole grapes (383.98 and 67.09) than in their skins (173.95 and 21.74), with a predominance of trans-caffeic acid for all samples; the flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (mg of (+)-catechin•kg fruit−1) presented higher concentrations in the seeds (flavan-3-ols: 203.20 and 182.71, proanthocyanidins: 453.57 and 299.86) than in the skins (flavan-3-ols: 1.90 and 4.56, proanthocyanidins: 37.58 and 98.92); the stilbenes concentration (µg 3-glc-resveratrol•kg fruit−1) was higher for the seeds from harvest 2 (896.25) than those from harvest 1 (48.67). BRS Carmem grapes contain a phenolic composition complex, and still have a relevant concentration of flavonols, anthocyanins and stilbenes, even when immature.


This paper will examine the work of one of the most accurate methods of printed image reproduction – the collotype. The collotype process is one of the oldest of the photomechanical printing techniques and has been used since the 1880's for the highly accurate reproduction of photographs, watercolours, paintings, illustrations, maps and historical documents. Although its achievements (especially in the area of colour facsimile work) were rarely surpassed by any other technique used in the field, its broader use within the printing industry was economically undermined by the increased popularity of offset lithography during the 1960's and 70's. Due to the specialised nature of its production, it became difficult for many of the renowned firms to survive in the rapidly changing world of print. As a consequence of its near demise, little is currently known of the scope and availability of this high-end area of image reproduction. Indeed it is often assumed that its practice has become merely a thing of the past.

There are however, three main collotype studios still in existence who are actively involved in the area of museum quality image reproduction. The studios – Lichtdruck Kunst in Leipzig, Germany, Fratelli Alinari in Florence, Italy and Benrido inc in Kyoto, Japan all work closely with a range of museums, collectors and conservators to produce remarkable facsimile reproductions of important artworks, photographs and historical documents.

The revised and edited text of the paper presented at the 2007 Printed on Paper conference at The Sage Gateshead published as:'Printed on Paper: The Techniques, History and Conservation of Printed Media'.


Objective:To study the relationship of the atypical hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma.Methods:Specimens of stomach from 37 cases of benign lesions and 42 cases of gastric carcinoma were studied histologically,with mucinous staining, monoclonal antibody against gastric carcinoma MG7 and monoclonal antibodies against ras oncogenic proteins p21 and mutate restrain oncogenic p53 were used immunohistochemically.Results:There are no difference in mucin secretion of atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma of the stomach.Atypical hyperplasia may be classified into two types(type I and type Ⅱ).In 43 cases of atypical hyperplasia, the over expression of MG7 antigen is in moderated and severe atypical hyperplasia, the positive rate of p21 is 39.4% in which positive cases are all of moderate and severe atypical hyperplastic cases, and the positive rate of p53 is 9.7% of severe cases.Conclusions:p21 and p53 are play an important role in the genesis and progress of atypical hyperplasia.Type atypical hyperplasia is associated with expanding carcinoma, while type Ⅱ atypical hyperplasia with the infiltrating type.


LSE's Martin Namasaka looks at how Machakos county has overcome challenges such as drought and overpopulation to become Kenya's best performing region.


The article presents the results of studying some components of the in vitro technology of clonal rootstocks and common cherry varieties, which allow to increase the efficiency of its application to the tested cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks. Differences in the viability and intensity of the development of clonal cherry rootstocks and varieties explants depending on the timing of their introduction into the crop, the characteristics of genotypes and the composition of nutrient media were established. The influence of nutrient medium composition, content and ratio of growth regulators and genotype in it on the multiplication coefficient of cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks was revealed. The optimal calendar dates for the introduction of cherry varieties and clonal rootstocks explants into the crop in vitro for the autumn-winter-spring period are established. The optimal composition of the culture medium for the initial stages of clonal micropropagation is established. The reproductive potential of some clonal rootstocks and cherry varieties in crop in vitro was revealed.


Cross-relaxation schemes for reducing the heat dissipation and associated thermal distortion of the lasing medium in solid-state lasers is studied. (AIP)


more than two cases need to be considered to provide conclusive evidence. Finally, to their credit, the authors examine the content of visual communications. This work could usefully be developed to allow for more than the five visuals per television story measured in the current book and to examine the interplay of verbal and visual messages. Media Messages in American Presidential Elections also examines the 1984 American presidential election, but in comparison to the 1988 election. The book is in the media-effects tradition and asks about the relative influence of different forms of campaign communications on the voters and their electoral decisions. Owen views voters as active and aware consumers of campaign messages. Employing a "uses-and-gratifications" model, the author examines the characteristics of political advertising, television and newspaper news, public opinion polls, and presidential debates in order to assess how they may (or may not) gratify voters' needs. The first chapter is devoted to explaining the "audience-centered model of mass media use and outcomes" (p. 15) and the survey research utilized to assess audience evaluations of candidates, uses of campaign communications, and perceptions of media effects. Owen argues that there are two main types of effects: subjective (reflecting feelings about how well voters' needs are satisfied by mass communication) and objective (dealing with cognitive and behavioral change). The author focuses on subjective effects by analyzing the self-reports of survey respondents in two (1984) or three (1988) counties in the United States. By relying on the selfreports of subjective phenomena, the author considers only the audience's conscious awareness of motivations for using the four communication types. The data largely confirm findings from past research. Assuming that the four types of campaign communications have unique characteristics that will meet particular audience needs, the bulk of the book describes and analyzes campaign ads, news, polls, and debates with examples from the 1984 and 1988 elections. In each media chapter, Owen briefly examines the shaping of message types by candidates, their campaign staffs, and mass media organizations. She also explores how candidates and the media use each message type and presents analyses of the survey data to discuss voters' uses and perceptions of messages. The last two chapters examine more directly how voter needs and motives can be satisfied by the four message types. Owen presents a number of findings from previous research, as well as from the county survey data. This is both a strength and a weakness. It is a strength because Owen supplements the disparate findings of past media effects research with results from her 1984 and 1988 election studies. However, because so much information is presented, it is difficult to trace the central points of Owen's argument. The uses-and-gratifications model the author employs asks us to focus on the role of the active audience and does not seem adequate to explain the differences in types of campaign communication. Since most of the book describes and analyzes types of political communications and the characteristics they exhibit that might satisfy voters' reported motives and needs, it seems that a more appropriate theoretical framework would take into account the motives and goals of the communicators and the nature of the content, as well as the motives of the voters. In a discussion of image formation, Owen hints at an interactive process of "mutual exchange of perceptions" between campaigns and voters (p. 13) but does not develop it. The author is clearly interested in content differences, since she examines advertising, news, polls, and debates. Her ideas would be better served either by elaborating on the connection between the theoretical framework and the data or by using a transactional or constructionist model (e.g., those of Sidney Kraus and Dennis Davis's Effects of Mass Communication on Political Behavior [1976] or David Swanson and Dan Nimmo's New Directions in Political Communication [1990]). Both books are well grounded in the literature on media and elections and should be of interest to students of American presidential politics, political communications, or media influence. Media Messages in American Presidential Elections adds data from the 1984 and 1988 presidential campaigns to our understanding of media and elections. The Formation of Campaign Agendas, with its comparative, multimethod perspective makes a particularly important and original contribution to the existing literature on agenda-setting and electoral politics.


We suspect that a painful disease involving the equine incisors and canines called equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) does not have a single determinant but rather occurs as the result of the cumulative impact of several risk factors: trauma caused by excessive dentistry, periodontal disease, type of feed, genetics and hormonal conditions such as equine Cushing's disease (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction; PPID) and equine metabolic syndrome, and the presence of laminitis. Authors' addresses: Reata Equine Veterinary Group, 9100 East Tanque Verde, No. 100, Tucson, AZ 95748 (Pearson, Mansfield, Conaway); Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, 1130 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721 (Koput); e-mail: email@example.com. *Corresponding and presenting author. © 2013 AAEP.


nephrectomy was performed and two tumors were detected, with diameter 4 cm and 1 cm. The distance between them was 2.6 cm. Histologically the tumor with the largest dimension was diagnosed as a clear cell renal cell carcinoma and the other, a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Laboratory and imaging evaluations failed to demonstrate any metastatic disease. During postoperative period the patient did not receive any treatment for KS. However, KS resolved in approximately 20 days and had not recurred at the present time (2 months after surgery).


The ZigBee based refrigerator monitoring system is designed and realized which overcome the defects of current system like high cost,difficult to maintain and complicated wiring etc.The system uses Freescale control chip MC13224 as wireless sensor network core,takes advantage of ZigBee technology to construct field wireless detection network and finishes the refrigerator environment parameter measurement,transmission and storage through communicating with the host computer.Test and experiments shows that,the system has good features like high measurement accuracy,ideal communication distance,high efficiency and less transmission delay etc,thus is valuable to promote.


Bones reflect, refract, distort, and absorb ultrasonic waves. Most medical application of ultrasound avoid bony structures. Nevertheless, for liver and brain therapy, the rib cage and the skull are in the ultrasonic path. We will present non-invasive methods to detect the presence of the ribs and shape the beam in order to sonicate in between the ribs. It is thus possible to non-invasively aim a target shadowed by the rib cage while avoiding sonication through the bones. Such approaches take advantage of the ultrasonic imaging capabilities of multi-element arrays. Nevertheless, non-invasive brain therapy requires to sonicate through the skull. CT and MR- based techniques have been developed to estimate the phase shifts induced by the skull. Dedicated multi-element arrays have been developed to generate the appropriate phase-corrected signals. The number of elements of the arrays has progressively increased in order to shape at best the corrected beam (64 elements in 2000, 300 in 2003, and 1024 in 2012): c...


Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Oridonin is an effective component isolated from Rabdosia rubescens. It can inhibit the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor‐kappa B and suppress the over expression of cytokines. We postulated that oridonin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for Crohn's disease.


Introduction: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are some of the major mental health problems in caregivers affecting quality of life. Valid and reliable screening instruments such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has made possible the detection of possible cases of depression and anxiety. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been documented in caregivers in the Mexican population. Objetives: Determine the psychometric properties of the HADS in a sample of caregivers in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: 200 caregivers from the National Cancer Institute participated, of which 65.5% were women and 34.5% men, with a mean age of 47.4 ± 14.1 years. Participants completed concurrently the HADS and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: A factor analysis to two factors explained 42.05% of the variance with 14 items on two factors. The internal consistency of the overall scale was satisfactory (α=0.83). Cronbach's alphas for each subscale were .78 and .82. The concurrent validity assessed by way of correlations with concurrent measures showed significant associations (Pearson r=0.41-0.64, p<0.05). Conclusions: The HADS has adequate construct validity, internal consistency and concurrent validity for use in caregivers of cancer patients from the Mexican population. The relevance of the results is that this is a population that can require mental health care in stages of care for patients with cancer.


According to the limitation of maximum drift angle between stories of the earthquake resistant design code,it uses a computer language-VC to compile the continuous analysis principle of team work in frame-shear wall structure,which aims to the objective of minimizing earthquake.It can calculate the number of frame-shear walls that meet the requirements.This method which is fit for the primary design of high-rise buildings in earthquake.


Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a specific cancer of the canine species that usually affects the genital region. Metastases occur by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The extragenital form is rare and the cutaneous form is reported to be a warty proliferative lesion of ulcerated and friable surface, which usually presents itself concomitantly to the genital form of the disease. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous TVT in a mixed-breed neutered female, in order to contribute clinical and cytopathological data, as well as prognosis, due to unusual presentation of this neoplasm. The formation was disseminated as multiple nodule located on the inner face of the hind limbs. Diagnosis was achieved by cytological examination, which revealed the presence of round cells with predominantly eccentric nuclei, loose chromatin and large and intensely vacuolated cytoplasm, features of plasmacytoid TVT. Four courses of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate were conducted, yielding complete remission of the tumor. The subcutaneous appearance of TVT is unusual, especially when no genital lesions that might suggest metastasis are found.


In recent years, the collection of large amounts of various data has become easier from the Internet and various equipment. Utilizing this data in the context of promotions and services offered to an individual may lead to distrust and discomfort in terms of privacy if the individual has no recollection of providing such information. In this paper, we built three hypotheses from the personality and the identity concepts, for the determination of privacy when the individual had received the service. We then designed the data model required for the information system to manage personal data in order to determine whether or not individuals feel invasion of privacy when receiving service from other parties.


We consider a two-hop MIMO-OFDM communication scheme with a source, an amplify-and-forward relay, and a destination. We examine the possibilities of power allocation (PA) over the subchannels in frequency and space domains to maximize the instantaneous rate of this link if channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is available. We consider two approaches: (i) separate optimization of the source or the relay PA with individual per node transmit power constraints and (ii) joint optimization of the source and the relay PA with joint transmit power constraint. We provide the optimal PA at the source (or the relay) with a node transmit power constraint that maximizes the instantaneous rate for a given relay (or source) PA. Furthermore, we show that repeating this separate optimization of the source and the relay PA alternately converges and improves the achievable rate of the considered link. Since the joint optimization of the source and the relay PA is analytically not tractable we use a high SNR approximation of the SNR at the destination. This approximation leads to rates which are quite tight to the optimum.


Example 1. Let A be an Abelian variety over C with complex multiplication by OL. Write A = V/Λ where V is a complex vector space and Λ is a lattice in V . Let M be a projective, finitely generated OL module. Observe that M ⊗OL V is a finite dimensional complex vector space, and M ⊗OL Λ is a lattice in it. If M is a free module, this is obvious. Otherwise, there is a module N so that M⊕N = On L, and hence M⊗OLV is a sub-vector space of a finite dimensional complex vector space On L⊗OL V . Likewise, M ⊗OL Λ sits inside the lattice On L⊗OL Λ. Then A′ = (M ⊗OL V )/(M ⊗OL Λ) is a complex torus. In fact, it is also the analytification of an Abelian variety. A′ is a direct factor of the Abelian variety On L ⊗OL A = An, so A′ is an analytic submanifold of a complex projective manifold. By GAGA, it is algebraic. Note that the C-valued points of A are just V/Λ, and since M is flat (it is assumed projective),


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Intense 5.1 fs CEO (carrier envelope offset) phase stable pulses were generated through two-fold filamentation in a noble gas at atmospheric pressure. The preservation of the CEO phase during the filamentation process was investigated. We show that generating these short pulses using filaments is not detrimental for the CEO phase stabilization, and that the more than one octave-spanning spectrum intrinsically generated by the process is feasible, and offers certain benefits, for direct use in single shot f–2f spectral interferometry.


We argue that a firm forms three distinct relationships with strategic groups-identification, disidentification, and ambivalent identification. Firms can form any of these relationships with multiple strategic groups, and the set of these relationships comprises a firm's strategic group configuration SGC. We propose that the nature of a firm's identity influences the characteristics of its SGC. We demonstrate the implications of our model by exploring how a firm's strategic group configuration affects its information-seeking behaviors. Finally, we describe how the SGC framework offers several key implications for this field of research.


Abstract : In this report, a method for attitude control of statically-stable walking robots is developed such that slip is minimized when the body is leveled by using only the actuators which cause vertical link motions. If all legs of a walker have three independent translational degrees of freedom, then an attitude control method that uses all actuators may be used to level the body with no foot slippage. However, there are some advantages in reducing the number of controllable degrees-of-freedom, as with the Erebus walker. The task is then to determine the best method to adjust the attitude of the walker body such that foot slippage and the build-up of internal link forces is minimized. The method that does this--the minimum-slip z-axes attitude control method--is developed in this technical report for that purpose.


The ball burnishing process is made with the intention of improving the surface finish of some pieces that have been previously mechanized. The following paper presents the results of the tests carried out this process applied to aluminium pieces. An experimental design (DOE) to investigate which is the process parameter control was developed. Surface roughness parameters, Ra and Rt, in the direction of step (perpendicular to the tool feed) were measured. We present the Pareto charts and a response surface for the Ra and Rt in the direction of


The invention may be described as a method and apparatus for processing hierarchical digital video stream having an enhancement layer stream for providing a base layer stream and the HDTV (100). Either the base layer stream and an enhancement layer stream is stored in the hard disk (101), the other is stored in the optical disk by the optical disk drive (102). These streams are separately processed to be utilized to provide a HDTV. When layered video stream is reproduced by HDTV quality, the base layer stream and an enhancement layer stream, to refer to the same frame, it is synchronized by the synchronization unit (106). Then, synchronized stream is decoded based decoder (105a) and the enhancement decoder (105b), and outputs the decoded stream synthesized by the adder 112.


The authors present a systematic investigation of surface structure of 3d transition metals through electron energy loss fine structure (EELFS) measurements, above the edges of shallow and deep core levels in the reflection mode. Fine structures above these edges, similar to those measured in X-ray absorption spectra and transmission energy loss spectra, extend for several hundred eV from the threshold. From the Fourier analysis of these features they obtained the radial distribution function around the excited atom. They discuss the EELFS analysis (Fourier transformations, backscattering amplitudes and phase shifts) above the M2,3 edges of Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Ti metals. The experimental NiM2.3 phase shift is compared with recent theoretical calculations of shallow core levels and the discrepancy observed is ascribed to possible Fano-interference relaxation effects. They present a direct comparison between the EELFS spectrum of the TiL2.3 edge with the EXAFS spectrum obtained with synchrotron radiation. This comparison gives the most convincing evidence that the dipole (q equivalent to 0 AA-1, Delta l=+or-1) is the predominant term in the inelastic cross-section even when low primary beam energies are used and high energy loss are involved. Finally the surface sensitivity of the present technique is shown through the modification of surface-EELFS features above the FeM2,3 edge during the early stages of oxidation.


Information is scarce on the genesis and classification of soils derived from calcareous rocks in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This study describes the morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological properties of four soil profiles (P1-P4) located in the Apodi Plateau. A pedogenesis hypothesis and soil classification, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS), are proposed for these profiles. The interactions between parent material, surface topography and climate affected the pedogenesis processes and soil properties, although the calcareous nature of the parent material most affected the soil morphology and chemical properties. The sand fraction contained mainly quartz and calcite, and a smaller amount of mica. Smectite and interstratified illite-smectite occurred in the clay fraction of profile P1 and in some horizons of P2 (Ccmќ and Ccrќ) and P3 (2Ccrќ). Kaolinite predominated in profiles P2, P3, and P4; where as illite and vermiculite were present in the Bicќ, Bcќ, Bcmќ horizons of P2, in Bt2c of P3, and in C of P4. The mineralogy showed illite, hematite, and goethite, and anatase in a number of horizons. Micromorphological analysis of P2 indicated a strong cementation of Bcmќ and Ccmќ by calcium carbonate, and other properties indicate the formation of a petrocalcic horizon, but this horizon lacked lateral continuity in the profile. Therefore, the parapetrocalcic term is proposed for classifying P2 in the fourth level of the SiBCS. The 3Biќ-P1 horizon exhibited calcite coating and iron coating or quasi-coating, indicating distinct pedogenesis processes occurring under different environmental conditions. Likewise, the occurrence of petroplinthite in P2 indicates that climatic conditions during its formation differed from present conditions, and both situations are interpreted as evidence that the soils were formed by polygenetic processes. In the SiBCS classification, the soils are classified as Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico vertissolico (P1), Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico concrecionario (P2), Luvissolo Cromico Palico petroplintico (P3), and Neossolo Litolico Carbonatico tipico (P4); and a new class (parapetrocalcico concrecionario) is proposed for P2 in the fourth level.


Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of conization of the cervix in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Study design: Cold-Knife conization was performed in total 436 patients from June 1994 to May 2000. Indications and complications of conization were studied. And the results of cervical cytology, cervical histology, colposcopic findings and patbologic diagnosis of conization specimens were evaluated in comparison with the pathologic diagnosis of hysterectomy specimens and follow-up check of the patients. Results: Followings are results summarized. 1. Patients distribution according to cone biopsy results was 31.0% for CIS, 43.3% for CIN III, 14.7% for CIN II, 7.6% of CIN I, 3.4% for CNI, respectively. 2. The rate of agreement between colposcopy-directed biopsy and conization was 63.1%. 3. The positive rate of resection margin was 15.1%. 4. The recurrence rate in c]ear resection margin group was 7.0%. But there was no recurrence after hysterectomy in cases with positive resection margin of conization specimen, and the recurrence rate of positive resection margin without hysterectomy group was 10.5%. 5. The incidence of delayed hemorrhage (bleeding after 2 weeks) in hemostatic suture group and electric cauterization only group was 4.7% (l3/279) and 15.6% (23/157), respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that conization of the cervix as the surgical treatment was effective in CIN patients with careful patient selection.


This paper can be regarded as a brief review of the application of the impedance spectroscopy to conductivity studies of solid oxide electrocerarnics. The method can distinguish between the bulk and the grain boundary contributions, as well as the electrode reaction. Both advantages and problems are discussed. In addition some recent improvements of the impedance data analysis, based on the technique of the Differential Impedance Analysis, are presented. They are illustrated with examples of conductivity studies on yttrium iron garnet single crystal with ferrimagnetic properties and Er doped barium titanate with positive temperature coefficient of the resistivity.


Satellite gaging reaches are polygonal land areas encompassing river and floodplain reaches where total surface water area expands and contracts as river discharge varies. Traditional gaging stations measure water level, or stage, as a surrogate for discharge. Such stations are commonly located where discharge changes are primarily accommodated by stage and not width changes. In contrast, we identify for testing purposes 191 gaging reaches distributed worldwide where multi-temporal remote sensing demonstrates significant water surface area variability. Typical reach lengths are 30 km and reach widths average 10-30 km. The gaging reaches are sufficiently wide to accommodate the largest floods. Measured water surface areas using the MODIS sensor 250 m resolution bands are converted to river characteristic widths (water area/river length) and, in the U.S., are compared to adjacent gaging station data. Preliminary results indicate that, along many U.S. gaging reaches, MODIS-derived widths are robust predictors of discharge. As is the case for in situ gaging stations, local width/discharge relations vary, and some reaches record discharge changes with greater precision than others. Time series of MODIS river characteristic widths can provide hydrologists and water resource managers with a geographically extensive and economical river monitoring capability


A noncontact all-optical method for laser ultrasound detection is described.The surface acoustic waves(SAWs) were excited by employing a Nd:YAG laser on the sample Al plate with artificial surface-breaking defects and detected by a kind of optical difference detection system based on the optical beam deflection technique using a He-Ne laser.From the experiment,we attain the characteristics of reflected wave and transmitted wave generated by SAWs interacted with the surface-breaking defects,which show that the SAWs generated by laser line source are potential for the surface-breaking defects.