Detection and discrimination of sounds in complex auditory environments is facilitated by knowledge of the locations of sound sources and by spatial separation of signals and maskers. In studies of the spatial sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons in anesthetized cats, we find that location‐dependent variation in temporal spike patterns can signal sound‐source locations throughout up to 360 deg of space. In awake cats, spatial receptive fields can be similarly broad, although cortical neurons show a greater diversity of temporal patterns than is seen in anesthetized conditions. Our recent results demonstrate that spatial tuning tends to sharpen when a cat is engaged in an auditory task, compared to idle conditions, and that tuning can sharpen even further when the task involves sound localization. In human psychophysical studies, spatial hearing permits perceptual "stream segregation" of multiple temporally interleaved sequences of sounds. In parallel studies of the auditory cortex in anesthetized cats...


B. B., a male aged 64 years (fig. 1), presents many abnormalities of a hypoplasic character involving the left side of his face, jaws and teeth, but the condyle itself does not appear to be implicated. All the deciduous molars and most of their successional teeth are absent on the left side. There is no external scarring. He is below average intelligence (I.Q. 79). The abnormality is not familial and there is no history of any difficulty in parturition. The asymmetry was noticed soon after birth. On examination there is marked asymmetry of the face, so that the left side is flattened and the chin deviates slightly to the left, the deviation being more noticeable during movement. The left mandibular angle is higher than that of the right, but neither is unduly prominent. Both condyles can be felt and are apparently symmetrical and movements normal. The temporal fossee are symmetrical.


Social media makes it possible to now study teachers' informal professional development, something that previously has not been possible. Our study (DNR 2015-01979) probes teachers' participation i ...


In recent years, the default rate of China's bond market has been increasing. In addition to domestic factors, the contagion of external risks may also lead to changes in China's bond market. Therefore, this paper further explores the transmission mechanism of financial risk by studying the impact of global risk index on Chinese corporate bond default. Specifically, the paper uses the VIX index to measure global risk aversion and the spread between Moody' s corporate bonds and the Fed funds rate to measure default risk. This study finds that a one percentage point change in the VIX index can lead to a 2.3802 percentage point increase in the risk premium for US companies. This shows that the global risk aversion sentiment can spread the risk to the real economy. The research of this paper provides certain reference significance for preventing financial risks.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a toner is provided to manufacture the toner having narrow particle size distribution by controlling the viscosity of the initial step of reaction by adding abietic acid and to obtain excellent fixation through emulsion aggregation. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a toner comprises the following steps: mixing a latex dispersion solution, a colorant dispersion solution, and a wax dispersion solution with abietic acid; forming toner particles by adding a coagulant to the mixture and aggregating the mixture; and fusing the aggregated toner particles. The abietic acid is extracted from rosin. The abietic acid is a solution which is manufactured by dissolving the abietic acid in alcohol.


A new model for the cost of production of heavy-ion fusion targets in dedicated on-site target factories is presented for power plants. The model treats single- and double-shell direct-drive and generic indirect-drive targets. Target factory capital costs, nontritium target materials costs, and target factory operations and maintenance costs are estimated for target substructures such as fuel capsules, radiation cases, and driver energy absorption regions. These individual estimates are combined to obtain the total target cost. Realistic scaling of target costs with variations of such important performance parameters as target factory production capacity and driver pulse energy is emphasized. The model can be modified and used for other inertial fusion drivers and fuels. Typical target cost estimates fall into the range of $0.25 to 0.45 per target. The estimated target cost contribution to the total cost of production of electric power is typically --4 to 7 mill/kW . h.


ii CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT iii ACKNOWLDGEMENTS .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ....vi LIST OF APPENDICES viii CHAPTER ONE 1 Background and Significance 2 Literature Review 6 Literature Review Summary 9 Statement of Purpose 9 Research Questions 9 Declaration of Self 10 References 11 CHAPTER TWO .18 Background .18 Literature Review 20 Literature Review Summary .27 Statement of Purpose 28 Research Questions .28 Findings .34 Discussion .44 Strengths and Limitations .52


Objective:To investigate the safety,efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic Miles operation for rectal cancer.Methods:Laparoscopic Miles operation and open surgery were performed for 47 patients with low rectal cancer,the clinical data of which were collected and analyzed retrospectively,including the hospital stay,operative time,blood loss,complications,cleared lymph nodes,postoperative incision healing,hospitalization cost and metastasis rate.Results:The hospital stay of laparoscopic and open group was(6.2±2.4)d and(9.8±2.1)d,respectively(P0.05).The operative time was(1.8±0.4)h and(1.9±0.5)h,respectively(P0.05).The blood loss was(106±6)ml and(210±16)ml(P0.05).The operative complication rate was 12% and 30%(P0.05).The number of cleared lymph nodes was(15.6±2.3) and(17.1±1.6),respectively(P0.05);The hospitalization cost was(6 912±128)yuan and(7 261±536)yuan(P0.05).The metastasis rate was 8% and 10%(P0.05).Conclusions:Laparoscopic Miles operation for rectal cancer is safer,more effective and more feasible than open surgery.


Young adults (between ages 18-30) with mental health conditions experience high rates of unemployment, even though a majority of them want to work and have careers. Like their age-related peers, they perceive employment and career development as opportunities to be self-sufficient and become valued members of society. Unfortunately, these research has not identified any vocational intervention and support that effectively promote these employment outcomes Young adults with mental health conditions are increasingly finding rewarding work as peer recovery workers/mentors (PRW). PRW is a general term referring to people in recovery from mental health and/or addictions issues who use self-disclosure to provide people with direct emotional support, aid in developing a recovery plan, and help navigating the health system. Employment as PRWs appear to introduce young adults PRWs to various career paths, as evidenced by those who have moved on to different jobs in mental health (as a peer or not), other health-related jobs, and/or higher education. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify the facilitators of and barriers to the employment of young adults as PRWs. We plan to conduct focus groups at two (2) provider sites that employ (as staff or consultants) a number of young adult PRWs. At each of those sites, there will be one focus group for the PRWs and one for supervisors and overseers of PRWs. Jonathan Delman, the Principle Investigator, will work with the interested mental health programs to coordinate the focus groups. Focus groups will be scheduled at the convenience of the participants with respect for their schedules. This study is being sponsored by the Learning & Working During the Transition to Adulthood Rehabilitation Research & Training Center (RTC), at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The RTC's aims include conducting research to improve the poor employment outcomes for young adults with mental health conditions, as well as the potential for career growth. The RTC and this study is funded by the Federal Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).


123 out of the lab B ouncing light off biological tissue has become a mainstay of modern medical imaging and microscopy. But most existing techniques are limited in their ability to penetrate the body by more than just a few millimetres. However, a technique called photoacoustics, a marriage of optical and ultrasonic technologies, could be about to change the situation. The idea behind photoacoustics, which is also known as optoacoustics, is simple: use light to stimulate interior tissue so that it gives off acoustic waves in the ultrasonic range. These waves can be then be detected using wide-band ultrasonic transducers and used to build up high-resolution images of subsurface tissue structure (Fig. 1). " We want to reach what's called super depth, and one of the most active researchers in the field of photoacoustics. The hope, he says, is that by using photoacoustics clinicians will be able to carry out safe, high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and microscopy at depths of centimetres rather than millimetres, and without the use of potentially harmful ionizing radiation, such as X-rays. In addition, photoacoustics should open up new opportunities for diagnosing, monitoring and treating diseases. For example, it could help to guide biopsy needles deep beneath the skin, assist endoscopic techniques for diagnosing gastrointestinal cancer, measure oxygen saturation levels in haemoglobin and study subsurface vascular and lymph nodes to visualize and quantify malignant tumours. It can even be used to probe the brain and to monitor gene expression. Although the latest photoacoustic apparatus make use of state-of-the-art laser technology, the first examples of using light to stimulate acoustic waves date back to the nineteenth century. As far back as 1880, Alexander Graham Bell discovered that it was possible to make a thin disk emit sound when exposed to a beam of pulsing sunlight. Initially Bell sought to use the effect as a means of communication, converting sound into the light, sending it through free space and then converting it back into sound again. " He called it the photophone, " says Wang. Needless to say, his other idea, the telephone, proved a more popular invention, not least because it didn't have issues with line-of-sight. After that, photoacoustics was largely ignored until the 1970s when the development and availability of lasers triggered an interest in its use for non-destructive testing. But it wasn't until the late 1980s that its medical applications started to become apparent. Initially interested …


If you've ever opened a bottle or box of supplements, chances are you've touched a packaging film. Over the past few decades, packaging-material suppliers have come up with a dizzying array of options for blister packaging and shrink labeling, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE, also known as Aclar), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), any many others.


Recently, polar-based representation has shown promising properties in perceptual tasks. In addition to Cartesian-based approaches, which separate point clouds unevenly, representing point clouds as polar grids has been recognized as an alternative due to (1) its advantage in robust performance under different resolutions and (2) its superiority in streaming-based approaches. However, state-of-the-art polar-based detection methods inevitably suffer from the feature distortion problem because of the non-uniform division of polar representation, resulting in a non-negligible performance gap compared to Cartesian-based approaches. To tackle this issue, we present PARTNER, a novel 3D object detector in the polar coordinate. PARTNER alleviates the dilemma of feature distortion with global representation re-alignment and facilitates the regression by introducing instance-level geometric information into the detection head. Extensive experiments show overwhelming advantages in streaming-based detection and different resolutions. Furthermore, our method outperforms the previous polar-based works with remarkable margins of 3.68% and 9.15% on Waymo and ONCE validation set, thus achieving competitive results over the state-of-the-art methods.


Image contains repetitive patterns always cause the point ambiguity, which makes the local descriptors less discriminative. The descriptor which is combined scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) with the global context (GC) is used to solve the problem widely. But this descriptor is invalid when the variation of viewpoint is large. In this paper, an affine invariant matching method for image contains repetitive patterns is proposed. The similar maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) based on the repetitive patterns are detected. The affine matrix of the similar MSER is calculated and the image is transformed by the affine matrix to decrease the change of the viewpoint. Then the keypoints in the transformed image are descripted by the descriptor which is combined the SIFT with the improved GC. The GC is improved by using difference curvature instead of principle curvature value. The experiments show that the proposed method is valid for the images with large variation of viewpoint while the SIFT+GC is invalid. The proposed method also has the higher precision than ASIFT+GC while the time cost is less than half of ASIFT+GC.


We presented basic results of the preliminary testing of acousto-optical hyperspectrometer for unmanned aerial vehicle. The image quality is rather high, so the reliable spectra for each spatial element can be reconstructed. The stability of sensing characteristics is studied. It is shown that warming-up of the photodetector as well as of the acousto-optic crystal results in variations of the output signal due to temperature drift. This study places additional requirements upon the system behaviour in changing environment. We discussed results of green leaves testing.


The heat and mass transfer model developed in Part I has been further modified to evaluate the steaming of blended and interleaved fabric-wrapper assemblies. Various conditions relating to the batch decatizing of a wool fabric with a cotton, nylon, or polyester wrapper have been examined. Results of the computations show that cotton wrappers produce a constant and uniform increase in the regain of wool fabric, but a high fabric temperature may result when steaming a low-regain assembly. With nylon or polyester wrappers, fabric regain increases significantly with steaming time, while fabric temperature remains close to the steaming temperature. The effects of initial temperature, moisture content, and wrapper fiber type on the wool fabric are greater at higher wrapper-to-fabric weight ratios.


measurements a new technique based on coloured micro-spheres was developed. New Zealand rabbits were anaesthe-tised, ventilated and blood pressure and heart frequency were continuously monitored. 6 x 106 microspheres of one colour were injected in the left ventricle; different colours are available and allow multiple measurements. The amount of micro-spheres trapped in the capillary bed of the cochlea depends on the regional blood flow. An arterial reference blood sample makes it possible to calculate absolute values of the regional blood flow in the cochlea. The amount of microspheres trapped in the cochlea was determined microscopically after dissecting, dissolving and filtrating the cochlea. Measurements of the CBF in a control group (5 rabbits, 10 inner ears) at the beginning and after 120 minutes were performed. Mean CBF was 3.8 1.1 lul/min and 4.3 1.3 jul/mm. The coloured microsphere technique allows repeated measurements of the CBF with good reproducibility and an acceptable standard deviation. CBF can be measured in absolute values, which is of advantage for determining a lower limit of the CBF for the cochlea function.


The physical and antibacterial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have been improved by adding copper nanoparticles (CuNP). The CuNP colloid was synthesized by reacting CuCl2·2H2O and NaBH4 as the reducing agent using C6H8O6 as the capping agent. The Cu(II) concentration was varied by 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mM to produce CuNP-3, CuNP-6, and CuNP-9 colloids, respectively. The CuNP colloids were characterized with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and TEM. MTA was hydrated with CuNP at a mass-to-volume ratio of 2:1 to produce Cu-MTA-3, Cu-MTA-6, and Cu-MTA-9, respectively. All products were characterized with XRD and SEM-EDX. The compressive strength, pH, Ca ion release, and solubility were measured, and antibacterial activity was tested. The results showed a spherical shape of the synthesized CuNP with a particle size of ~28.08 nm. Adding CuNP-9 to hydrated MTA increased the compressive strength, pH, Ca ion release, and solubility, with the value of 4.78±0.38 MPa; 9.01±0.03; 1718±63 ppm, and 22.48±0.37%, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity occurred for Cu-MTA-9, with an inhibition zone of 10.15±0.47 mm against S. aureus and 11.93±1.16 mm against P. aeruginosa. The findings show a potential application of the product for endodontic materials containing antibacterial agents.


Abstract: An embrittlement correlation method is a technique to calculate the expected amount of neutron irradiation embrittlement for the material of interest at a given time using the information on the material chemistry, irradiation conditions, etc. The first embrittlement correlation method was developed in the 1970s. Since then, different methods have been developed worldwide based on improved understanding of the mechanisms of embrittlement and also on the enhanced surveillance databases compiled in different countries. In this chapter, the history of the development of embrittlement correlation methods is reviewed first, followed by detailed descriptions of the representative methods together with their background.


The purpose of the study is understanding consumer's preference in respect of home network introduction system which is spread rapidly within the country, after hoe-network authentication standard created by basic act for the development of broadcasting and communications. This is conducted with 56 complex of 6 construction firm which get AA class from authentication standard among apartment built after home-network authentication standard built 2010 or similar class. As a result, a sort of facilities in home and complex according to resident's priority and condition among home-network facilities is important survey to understand about resident's ideas and expectations about modern housing, and important consideration elements for integrated home-network facility plan with space and housing spatial plan for real residents.


The Lower Cambrian shale cores in southeast Chongqing were systematically collected,observed and described.Using total organic carbon content,XRD analyses,methane isothermal adsorption and nitrogen adsorption method,the nanoscale pore structure types,characteristics and influenced factors were analyzed and its impact on gas content was discussed.The results show that the nanoscale pore structures in the shale are complex,and are divided into three structure types based on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption curves and pore diameter distribution.The nanoscale pores mainly consist of cylinder pores with two open ends,slit type pores with parallel plates,and wedge shape pores with all sides open,which are related to the organic matter.The pore diameters are generally less than 60 nm,and have 2-5,8-12 and 24-34 nm peak distributions.Total volume percentage of macropore(50 nm) is 8.5%,the BET surface area percentage is 0.3%.Total volume percentage of mesopore(2-50 nm) is 82.1%,the BET surface area percentage is 79.0%.Total volume percentage of micropore(2 nm) is 9.4%,and the BET surface area percentage is 20.7%.TOC is the main controlling factor of nanoscale pore structure characteristics and the organic matter is the material basis of total pore volume and BET surface area.There is an obvious linear correlation between total pore volume,BET surface area and gas adsorption capacity.


A simple algebraic equation is presented here to estimate the magnitude of groundwater velocity based on data from a single‐well injection‐drift test thereby eliminating the time‐consuming and costly extraction phase. A volume of tracer‐amended water was injected by forced‐gradient into a single well followed by monitoring of the conservative solute tracers under natural‐gradient conditions as their upgradient portions drifted back through the well. The breakthrough curve data from the single well during the drift phase was analyzed to determine the mean travel times of the tracers. The estimated mean upgradient travel distance back through the single well and the mean travel times of the tracers were used in a simple algebraic equation to estimate groundwater velocity. The groundwater velocity based on the single‐well injection‐drift test was estimated to be approximately 0.64 ft per day. Two transects of observation wells were used to monitor the natural‐gradient tracer transport downgradient of the injection well. The one‐dimensional, or dual‐well, transport of the tracer from the injection well to the nearest downgradient observation well indicated that the groundwater velocity was 0.55 ft per day. The two‐dimensional, or multi‐well, transport of the center of mass of the tracers indicated that the groundwater velocity was 0.60 ft per day; the dual‐ and multi‐well results were in excellent agreement with those from the single‐well and validated the simple algebraic equation. The new single‐well method presented here is relatively simple, rapid, and does not require an extraction phase.


Three neutral mononuclear complexes of the type [Cd(L1)I2] (1) [L1 = (N,N-diethyl,N'-(pyridin-2-yl)formylidene)ethane-1,2diamine] and [Cd(L2)X2] [L2 = (N,N-diethyl,N'-(pyridin-2yl)benzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine; X = Br (2), I (3)] are isolated using one-pot reactions of cadmium(II) halides and tridentate Schiff bases (L1 and L2) in a 1:1 molar ratio in MeOH solutions at room temperature. The compounds are characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic and other physicochemical data. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of (1)-(3) show that cadmium(II) center in each complex adopts a distorted square pyramidal geometry bound by three N atoms of L1/L2 and two terminal halides. Intermolecular π...π interactions in (1), cooperative C-H...Br hydrogen bonds and C-H...π interactions in (2) and C-H...π interactions in (3) lead to different crystalline architectures. Thermogravimetric analyses show that the compounds have reasonable thermal stabilities. The complexes display ligand-centered π–π fluorescence in DMF solutions at room temperature.


As a new sampling technique, a "Harpoon & Penetrator" method by a tethered sampler is planned instead of "Touch and Go" method for the next sample return project of small celestial bodies explorations. This paper reports about the results of micro gravity experiments by using parabolic flights of the airplane in order to analyze 3-dimensional dynamic behavior of the tethered rigid body. Objectives of the experiments are demonstration of feasibility of the present sampling method and observation of dynamic characteristics in micro gravitational environments. The extraction / catching experiments and the launch / deployment experiments are explained in this paper. These results contribute to the feasibility study of the tethered sampler and will help to understand the characteristics and to make trade off of the tethered sampling methods.


Fluid phase behavior has a profound impact on supercritical fluid chromatography performance. The effect of fluid phase behavior on supercritical fluid extraction performance has not been studied. Generally, methods available to generate phase diagrams of fluid mixtures are time-consuming. This paper describes relatively easily constructed instrumentation for the rapid screening of fluid mixtures to determine whether or not they are single phase. Either scattered or transmitted light can be used to probe the phase behavior of the fluids. Examples using CO 2 /methanol and CO 2 /water are presented. The phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures of CO 2 or Freon (R22, chlorodifluoromethane) with methanol/triethylamine/water was determined


Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the perceptions of orthodontists and other specialty dentists, regarding smile esthetics in the form of a questionnaire. Objectives: To determine whether there is any difference of opinion regarding the perception of smile between orthodontists and other specialty dentists and to compare the various factors that have a high impact on the perception of smile by orthodontists and other specialty dentists. Materials and Methods: This study is a questionnaire survey. Totally, 104 questionnaires were distributed, of which 52 patients were completed by the orthodontists and 52 patients were completed by other specialty dentists. Results: This study showed that the mean scores given by orthodontists are lesser than that of the nonorthodontists. The factors that had an impact on smile by nonorthodontists include crowding of lower anterior teeth and diastema of 3-4 mm. Among orthodontists, the various factors that had an impact include diastema, midline deviation, and reverse smile arc. Conclusions: Different parameters have an impact on the smile perception. Diastema, smile, and reverse smile were regarded as unattractive and received the lowest score in this survey. The presence of midline shift was not considered unaesthetic by nonorthodontists.


Summary This study focuses on the unique trauma histories of incarcerated girls. In particular, this study draws upon data obtained from 100 incarcerated adolescent girls, highlighting areas of similarity to and difference from incarcerated boys, including: overall levels of traumatic violence exposure, exposure to unique forms of traumatic violence, psychological symptomatology, and hypothesized trajectories of involvement in serious delinquent activity. In addition, a case example is presented to illustrate our hypotheses about the trajectories of adolescent girls' involvement in serious delinquent behavior, as well as the prominent role of early trauma histories and repeat victimization in these trajectories.


Submitted for the APR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Decay spectroscopy of the lightest proton-emitting Re isotopes IAIN DARBY, University of Liverpool, DAVID JOSS, ROBERT PAGE, JUHA UUSITALO, JOHN SIMPSON, GREAT COLLABORATION — Proton emission is expected to determine the limit of experimental observation for the neutrondeficient nuclei of most elements. Proton radioactivity may be treated as a simple quantum tunnelling process through the Coulomb barrier. The barrier penetration probability (and thus the decay halflives) for proton emitters are sensitive to the proton decay energies and the orbital angular momentum of the initial state from which emission occurs. Therefore proton radioactivity is an ideal mechanism with which to determine and characterise single-particle states beyond the proton drip line. Additionally the characteristics (short halflives and discrete energies) of the emitted protons are ideal for tagging in γ-ray spectroscopy experiments. A decay spectroscopy experiment has been performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä (JYFL), using the RITU separator in conjuction with the GREAT focal-plane spectrometer (which possesses a high efficiency for delayed γrays), to study the lightest Re nuclei via the reaction 106Cd(58Ni,pxn). The first observation of the lightest known proton-emitting isotope 159Re will be presented. In 160Re the observation of γ-ray transitions feeding the known d3/2 ground state which may account for the non-observation of particle mission from the anticipated h11/2 isomeric state is eported. Iain Darby University of Tennessee Date submitted: 17 Jan 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Abstract Bidirectional reflectance of a surface is defined as the ratio of the scattered radiation at the detector to the incident irradiance as a function of geometry. Accurate knowledge of the bidirectional reflection function for layers composed of discrete, randomly positioned scattering particles is essential for many remote sensing, engineering, and biophysical applications, as well as for different areas of astrophysics. Computations of bidirectional reflection functions for plane parallel particulate layers are usually reduced to solving the radiative transfer equation by the existing techniques. In this work we present our laboratory data on bidirectional reflectance versus phase angle for two sample sizes of alumina, 0.3 and 1 μm, for the He–Ne laser at wavelengths of 632.8 nm (red) and 543.5 nm (green). The nature of the phase curves of the asteroids depends on the parameters like particle size, composition, porosity, roughness, etc. In the present study we analyze data which are being generated using a single scattering phase function, that is, Mie theory of treating particles as a compact sphere. The well-known Hapke formula, along with different particle phase functions such as Mie and Henyey–Greenstein, will be used to model the laboratory data obtained at the asteroid laboratory of Assam University.


Subtitle: Are job boards your winning move? Learn the rules and strategies you'll need to score your dream job on the web.


Heuser et al. are correct that substances other than fat can be used to seal coronary perforations [1]. As well as thrombin (through the use of autologous blood) which they describe [2], gelatin, microcoils, microspheres, and even glue have been used to seal perforations [3]. We agree that thrombin for embolization may have the advantage of allowing recanalization of the vessel with a guidewire and stent that the use of fat may not. However, current practice following perforation of a major vessel would be delivery of a PTFE covered stent graft. We would argue however that subcutaneous fat is easily and readily available and may prove a valuable additional in the treatment of side branch perforations where it would prove impossible to deliver a covered stent. Sudhakar George, MD, MRCP James Cotton, MD, MRCP Ben Wrigley, MD, MRCP Department of Cardiology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom


Background Xieriga-4 decoction (XRG-4) is a classic prescription Mongolian medicine that has potent diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its functional components remain unknown. Purpose This study aimed to identify the chemical components in XRG-4 and its metabolome in vivo. Methods An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry based approach was proposed to systematically profile the chemicolome and metabolome of XRG-4. Result A total of 106 constituents were identified in XRG-4. Eighty-nine components were identified in biological samples, including 78 in urine (24 prototypes and 54 metabolites), 26 in feces (19 prototypes and 7 metabolites), and 9 in plasma (5 prototypes and 4 metabolites). In other tissues, only a few compounds, including alkaloids and iridoids, were detected. Conclusion This comprehensive investigation of the chemical and metabolic profiles of XRG-4 provides a scientific foundation for its quality control and administration of clinically-safe medication.


e15117 Background: B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) negatively regulates immune responses; however, it remains unknown the expression profile and functional role of BTLA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: One-hundred and fifty HCC patients, 33 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 45 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry performed to analyze the properties of circulating, tumor- and non-tumor-infiltrating BTLA+ cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in these HCC patients with various stages of disease progression. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare groups. Results: We found that BTLA expression was progressively up-regulated on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and correlated with disease progression in HCC patients. And tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells had higher BTLA expression compared with non-tumor regions. Further analysis revealed that BTLA expression was negatively correlated with gr...


Methyl cis-4-methyl-2-pentenoate (1) has been found to rearrange at 252 °C by a simple first-order and presumably unimolecular mechanism to methyl 4-methyl-3-pentenoate (3) with a rate constant k of 4.28 × 10−5 s−1. The heat of activation ΔH†, was determined to be 37.5 ± 2 kcal/mole and the entropy of activation, ΔS†, was determined to be −8.2 ± 4 e.u. These activation parameters and the steric requirements of the reaction support a mechanism involving a cyclic 1,5-transfer of hydrogen. Studies on the isomerization of methyl cis-2-pentenoate, methyl cis-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate, and methyl cis-2-methyl-2-pentenoate to the corresponding 3-pentenoates suggest that the 1,5-hydrogen transfer mechanism could well be general for the equilibration of α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated esters.An isopropyl group cis to a methyl or a carbomethoxy group on a double bond is shown by nuclear magnetic resonance to prefer a conformation with the methyls of the isopropyl group held away from the methyl or carbomethoxy group. A ci...


The Consultant Psychotherapist at The Tavistock Clinic explains the history of Child Psychotherapy and walks us through the five books that have influenced her most


The invention relates to a value document with a machine-readable authenticity mark. According to the invention, the authenticity characteristic comprising a luminescent marking material, and an absorbent in the infrared spectral marker.


Given its well known spectral decomposition profile, the 1-dim harmonic oscillator potential modified by an inverse square (1-dim angular momentum-like) contribution works as an efficient platform for probing classical and quantum information quantifiers in the context of the phase-space Weyl-Wigner formalism. In particular, the phase-space informational content related to the canonical ensemble driven by such a singular oscillator can be quantified in terms of well established analytical structures. Considering that, on one hand, the singular oscillator produce a spectral decomposition profile equivalent to that one of the unmodified harmonic system – in the sense that they result into identical thermodynamic statistics, even for different statistical mixtures – on the other hand, a more complete scrutinization of their phase-space information content can capture some different aspects of the encoded information for the related quantum ensembles. Besides the identification of decoherence effects, the Wigner flow analysis is presumedly useful in identifying stable quantum configurations, according to finite temperature and interaction parameter values. Unexpectedly, our results show that the equivalence between the statistical (quantum) mechanics of the anharmonic singular oscillator and an ordinary harmonic oscillator can also be extended to the phase-space quantum purity quantifier, which is analytically computed and reproduces exactly the same quantum ensemble statistical mixture profile, which does not depend on interaction parameter values.


In the paper it is supposed that random sequences is a finite-order Markov chain. The analysis of high order interactions in such sequences leads to large and sparse contingency tables. A special data presentation form and data transformation via multidimensional scaling enables us to apply generalized logit model and reduce the problem to the fitting nonparametric multinomial logistic regression with a few quantitative variables.


From the middle to the later of 19th century,the poetic realism is in a great prosperity in Germany.The poetic realism is good at describing the natural scenery and the person's psychology with lyric emotion and combining them ingeniously.Storm,the representative figure of this school,dodges the crucial social contradictories of that time in his classic of Immensee.However,it gains the great artistic achievement in the harmonious description of the person's psychology and the natural scenery,which has brought the reader a strong artistic appeal.


Fetoscopic visualization may be required for the prenatal diagnosis of external fetal malformations which cannot be clearly defined by ultrasound. The synchronous use of real-time, ultrasound guidance during the fetoscopic procedure has permitted successful visualization to be achieved in pregnancies of greater than 18 weeks' gestation. The chances of successful visualization and the influence of advancing gestational age have been critically evaluated. Between 18 and 23 weeks', when these techniques were used, advancing gestational age did not appear to exert a significant effect on the chances of successful visualization. Analysis of placental position indicated that an anterior placenta did not significantly affect bloodstaining of the fluid or preclude access to placental vessels for blood sampling.


Birth cohort studies have consistently shown persistent wheezers who develop asthma have early abnormalities in lung function in the first 3-6 years that are subsequently irreversible, and sustained to adulthood. Of interest, preschoolers with the most severe symptoms have the greatest loss in lung function which presents by school age. It is, therefore, hypothesized that this early loss in lung function may occur in parallel with the key pathological abnormalities that are characteristic of allergic asthma, namely eosinophilic inflammation and structural airway changes, termed remodelling. Indeed, mechanistic data from a neonatal murine model of inhaled house dust mite exposure has shown the pathophysiological abnormalities develop in parallel. Several bronchoscopic studies have now demonstrated the presence of tissue eosinophilia and airway remodelling (increased thickness of the subepithelial reticular basement membrane) in endobronchial biopsies from preschool children with severe, recurrent wheeze compared to age matched nonwheezing controls. However, to date, only one study has followed preschoolers who were biopsied, at school age and related early pathology to later clinical status and lung function. There was no evidence that early eosinophilic inflammation or reticular basement membrane thickness predicted development of asthma by school age, but increased airway smooth muscle at preschool age was predictive. The manuscript by Lezmi et al in the current issue of the Journal is of interest as it supports the published data that neither preschool tissue eosinophils nor reticular basement membrane thickness predict asthma at school age. Indeed, none of the pathological parameters assessed at preschool age distinguished children who did or did not develop asthma by school age. However, "asthma" in this followup study was defined according to GINA guidelines and included the presence of symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction, without any assessments of eosinophilia. This is of relevance since by school age the children who had severe exacerbations (at least one episode requiring a short course of oral steroids in the previous 12 months) had higher tissue eosinophils in their preschool endobronchial biopsy. The data highlight the importance of how we define "asthma" and what is meant by this term. If, in keeping with recent expert recommendation, this airway disease is defined simply by identifying treatable traits, airway eosinophilia in early life may be important because of the potential later impact on wheeze attacks. Indeed, clinical trials of therapeutics that specifically target eosinophilic inflammation, such as the monoclonal antibody to interleukin (IL)-5, mepolizumb, have shown the biggest impact on reducing asthma attacks. It could be hypothesized that increased tissue eosinophilia in early life is associated with severe attacks of wheeze by school age. Even though "asthma" defined using reversible airflow obstruction may not be prevented by targeting eosinophils, the possibility that an exacerbating phenotype may be prevented is intriguing to consider. Of equal interest are the findings relating tissue neutrophilic inflammation in preschool wheezers to lung function at school age. It is assumed that airway neutrophilia in the context of asthma, specifically in adults, is associated with severe and worse disease. However, in children, there has been no evidence of neutrophilia associating with severe disease. In fact, epithelial neutrophils in school-age severe asthma have been associated with better lung function. Intriguingly, an almost identical finding is reported by Lezmi and colleagues in this issue. Increased submucosal neutrophils in endobronchial biopsies from preschool wheezers associated with better lung function by school age. Recent data that have convincingly shown the importance of the farmyard environment in achieving protection from asthma and allergies demonstrated higher circulating neutrophils in school-age children that were protected. The current data suggest for the first time that the presence of airway mucosal neutrophils in early life may be associated with better school-age lung function. An assessment of the airway microbiome in the children at preschool age when the biopsies were taken would have been of significant interest, as one could hypothesize that a protective microbiome may associate with neutrophilia and disease protection. Although the numbers of patients are small, and the findings are associative, given the inherent difficulty of undertaking biopsy studies in young children, the data are of importance, suggesting airway granulocytic inflammation in early life may identify inflammatory "traits" that have an impact on school-age outcomes. Critically, these findings emphasize the need to assess mechanisms driving pathology in ageappropriate models and airway samples from children. The intriguing finding of early tissue neutrophils associating with better lung function would not have been anticipated if it was wrongly assumed that data from adult studies can be extraploted to children.


The tree-contact incipient fault (TCIF) is caused by a temporary contact between a distribution feeder conductor and a tree branch driven by the wind. Compared with permanent vegetation contact faults, TCIFs can easily escape notice due to their self-cleaning properties. But a branch can cause multiple TCIFs over significant periods of time, and also carries the risk of vegetation ignition. This paper analyzes the generation and development mechanism of TCIF and divides the fault into three stages: approach, contact, and separation. The model of equivalent grounding resistance in each stage is established, and its features in different stages are analyzed. The features of TCIF were further analyzed by field experiments. The influences of varying types of tree branches, different moving speeds, and neutral grounding modes on the fault grounding current waveform are analyzed. The results discussed in this paper establish a basis for the detection of TCIF.


Exploring information or new knowledge from existing data sets is an important point of the data mining process, such as a collection of course value data that has been stored, but its potential has not been raised to find new benefits. While on the other hand there is the problem of how to find the concentration of studies that are in accordance with the competencies of the students themselves. This study was conducted to find the concentration selection pattern, based on some of the best value data from the courses that have been taken using the Apriori Algorithma, where the rules in this method will be used to find the pattern in question. Using a minimum support value of 70% produces rules with 5 item sets, namely courses in logic and algorithms, system analysis, system design, web programming and software engineering. The pattern / rule produced can be a guide for students in choosing concentration.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Clinical Ultrasound 2016;1:84-91 https://doi.org/10.18525/cu.2016.1.2.84 Clinical Ultrasound


In this study group work method based on a thought of the knowledge management for creativity development in the university class was carried out. I used questionnaire automatic gathering system "RASE" for analyzing the effect, and it is clarified th at group work method has effect to knowledge management of student . As results of this study, three factors were extracted by a factor analysis. The contribution from each factor to the interest to the group work was meaningful as a result of multiple regression analysis. And it is clarified that the contribution from these factors to creativity is meaningful .


The bonding and electrostatic properties of gold containing molecules are highly influenced by relativistic effects and electron correlation a. Hence it is difficult to predict those properties via electron structure calculation, and such calculation are guided by experimental observations. Here we report on the A(Ω = 1)−XΣ and B(Ω = 0)−XΣ bands of AuCl, which have been previously recorded at Doppler limited resolution b. A cold molecular beam sample was generated and the bands were recorded at high resolution (FWHM =35 MHz) using laser excitation spectroscopy, both field-free and in the presence of a static electric field. An improved set of spectroscopic parameters for the A(Ω = 1) and B(Ω = 0) states were obtained. The Stark induced shifts were analyzed to determine the permanent electric dipole moments for the X, A, and B states. A comparison with AuF c and theory will be made.


We report on a joint project with Joe Buhler, Richard Crandall, Reijo Ernvall, and Tauno Metss ankyll a dealing with the computation of irregular primes and cyclo-tomic invariants for primes between four and eight million. This extends previous computations of Buhler et al. 4]. Our computation of the irregular primes is based on a new approach which has originated in the study of Stickelberger codes 13]. It reduces the problem to that of nding zeros of a polynomial over F p of degree < (p?1)=2 among the quadratic residues. Use of fast polynomial gcd-algorithms gives an O(p log 2 p log log p)-algorithm for this task. By employing the Schh onhage-Strassen algorithm for fast integer multiplication combined with a version of fast multiple evaluation of polynomials we design an algorithm with running time O(p log p log log p). This algorithm is particularly eecient when run on primes p for which p?1 has small prime factors. We also give some improvements on the previous implementations for computing the cyclotomic invariants of a prime.


Abstract: Skotomorphogenesis occurs after germination and before excavation in plants. It inhibits excessive absorbed energy in cells and can prevent the lethal photooxidative damage caused by transitioning from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis for light energy utilization. To investigate the mechanisms underlying photoreactions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], we identified and isolated soybean phytochrome-interaction factor 1 (GmPIF1). A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay showed that GmPIF1 interacted with photoactive PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) and B (PHYB) in both soybean and Arabidopsis (GmPHYA, GmPHYB, AtPHYA, and AtPHYB). To analyze its function, we ectopically over-expressed GmPIF1 in wild type and pif1 mutant Arabidopsis. In etiolated seedlings, GmPIF1 caused hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon closed, apical hooks folded, and less accumulation of protochlorophyllide. In Y2H, GmPIF1 interacted with AtHDA15 that inhibited chlorophyll synthesis under dark conditions. After transition from darkness to white light, GmPIF1 promotes the reduction of photobleaching and induced de-etiolation. Moreover, GmPIF1 inhibited PHYA- and PHYB-mediated seed germination. Our findings increase our understanding of the regulatory network of light response in soybean and provide useful gene resources for soybean breeding in programs and genetics engineering.


BACKGROUND: Some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), particularly sodium valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine induce and increase production of hepatic enzymes. The adverse metabolic effects of AEDs treatments have become main concern, however data about evaluation of serum transaminases and duration of AEDs in Indonesia still limited.

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate correlation of AEDs and serum transaminases in children with epilepsy.

METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted in pediatric neurology outpatient clinic in Sanglah Hospital. The target was children with epilepsy who had taken AEDs for at least 6 months. Data were collected from January 2020 to the number of samples were achieved. The exclusion criteria were concomitant liver disease, taking drugs which induce elevated serum transaminase or alcohol abuse. Data including age, gender, nutritional status, type, and duration of AEDs were obtained from medical record. Correlation was analyzed by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation, p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: Total 148 epileptic children enrolled in this study. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level were highest in the group receiving combination therapy (34.37 ± 24.9 U/L and 35.96 ± 23.3 U/L). There was a significant negative correlation between duration of carbamazepine and AST (r = –0.723, p = 0.0001) and ALT (r = –0.457, p = 0.009), as well as duration of valproic acid with AST and ALT (r = –0.689 and –0.677, p = 0.0001). Duration of phenobarbital administration was positively correlated with AST and ALT (r = 0.546 and 0.425, p = 0.0001). Combination therapy also had positive correlation with AST and ALT (r = 0.815 and 0.781, p = 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Duration administration of carbamazepine and valproic acid had negative correlation with AST and ALT; however, phenobarbital and combination therapy were positively correlated with AST and ALT.


This study investigates the phonetic realizations of voicing contrast in alveolar and postalveolar fricatives production in different word positions in order to understand the temporal and spatial production strategies used in the control of voicing and frication, and to provide a frame of reference for speech therapy despite the inter-speaker variation. Seven native speakers of German, originally coming from various regions, participated in the experiment. Acoustic signals were recorded onto DAT, and tongue palate contact patterns were recorded by means of electropalatography (EPG). The temporal parameters were measured using the acoustic signals and the spatial parameters were measured based on the EPG data. The corpus included real words with // occurring at word initial, medial and final positions. Temporal results showed that differences in the overall frication duration for voicing contrast occur at almost all positions (with longer duration for voiceless phonemes). However, voicing during the frication interval was a less reliable discriminator, particularly for Southern German speakers and at word final position. We found a positive correlation between the relative voicing duration and the amount of tongue palate contact for subjects who produced voicing. Especially for the postalveolars, voicing also coincides with more front articulation. Results are discussed with respect to laryngeal-oral co-ordination and aerodynamics.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of average health expenditures for inpatients in China with national data for period 2002-2010 and regional data during 2005-2010. Design/methodology/approach – The semi-parametric framework is established to identify the determinants of health expenditures with local-constant least squares (LCLS) and local-linear least squares (LLLS) techniques. The LCLS technique aims to identify correlative determinants among all considered variables, and LLLS technique aims to further distinguish linear decisive and nonlinear control variables among all correlative determinants. Findings – First, root mean square error tends to decrease with irrelative variables smoothed out in regression model, validating the modelling reasonability of the semi-parametric approach. Second, the determinants of average health expenditures for inpatients exhibit considerable variation among regions despite the fact that governmental health expenditure, GDP per-capita, an...


In this paper, we study gravitational lensing in the weak field limits and the shadow by charged black holes in non-linear electrodynamics corrections. To find the deflection angle in vacuum (non-plasma) up to the leading order terms, we compute the optical Gaussian curvature from optical metric and utilize the Gauss–Bonnet theorem by applying Gibbons and Werner's technique. Also, we derive the bending angle in plasma and dark matter mediums and observe that the bending angle increases by increasing the effects of these mediums. Further, in vacuum and plasma mediums, we investigate the graphical behavior of the bending angle with respect to the impact parameter [Formula: see text] and notice that the bending angle exponentially decreases. Moreover, we calculate the Hawking temperature using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem and compare it with a standard method of computing the Hawking temperature. Furthermore, we investigate the bound of the greybody factor and graphically examine that bound converges to the [Formula: see text]. We relate our obtained results with the results of black holes given in the literature. Finally, we have considered exploring the effect of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED), plasma and dark matter on the black hole's shadow radius to broaden the study's scope. Results for the shadow indicate that the three parameters give different deviations to the shadow radius. Interestingly, while plasma affects both the photonsphere and shadow, dark matter only influences the shadow.


The present invention provides a rotary solenoid type clutch mechanism, comprising a housing, a stator, a rotor, a clutch thrust plate, the handle shaft, an outer handle shaft, clutch teeth, the clutch pin and ball; a stator, a rotor and a clutch thrust plate is mounted among the housing; the handle shaft mounted on the chassis side, the left portion, an upper portion of the projecting lever; shaft rotating clockwise or counterclockwise within the handle; a handle shaft mounted on the outer clutch teeth, a lower portion thereof disposed a first a spring; push the clutch plate spring disposed on a second surface of the center thereof; an outer handle shaft handle mounted on the inner shaft, the clutch is coupled with the interlocking teeth: clutch pin mounted on the outer side surface of the shaft hole of the handle, which is disposed inside a third a spring disposed between the ball pin of the clutch and the clutch thrust plate. Advantageous effects of the present invention, having a high conversion efficiency, good stability, smooth motion, long life, long-term work under stall characteristics, greatly improve the stability of an electronic door lock system and clutch drive servo life span.


Automatic text classification in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the task of predicting classes for textual documents. Traditionally, there have been two predominant approaches: bag-of-words-based models and more recent sequence-based models. While bag-of-words-based models represent documents considering only the occurrence of individual terms, sequence-based models take into account the order of terms within the text, up to an established maximum length. While deep learning-based sequence models have dominated the field, bag-of-words-based approaches continue to produce competitive results. However, existing methods generally require building a representation of the document and then predicting its class, without specifically classifying individual occurrences of terms within the wordset. This research gap serves as motivation for the proposed thesis, which presents a new perspective for automatic text classification. The main objective is to classify each term occurrence within the word bag and then estimate the class of the document, thus eliminating the need for a single hidden representation of the document. As demonstrated by the results obtained, the proposed approach offers greater interpretability and efficiency in text classification, by addressing the limitations of existing methods.


The feasibility or using an annular accelerator for alternate or simultaneous acceleration of various particles was discussed previously by V. I. Veksler (Patent No. 111367, Apr. 29, 1957). It is shown that simultaneous proton and electron acceleration in the same accelerator is possible at quite high energies (up to several Bev). (R.V.J.)


M any studies about the mechanism of general anesthesia have been focused mainly on the cerebral cortex and the reticular formation as the sites of its action (1,2). However, the hypothalamus, particularly the posterior hypothalamus (PH), plays a critical role in the maintenance of consciousness or wakefulness (3,4). Noradrenaline (NA), one of the major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), is also believed to regulate wakefulness and attention (5,6). Although general anesthetics influence some of neurotransmitters in the CNS (7,8), it is expected that NA release from the PH will be influenced by general anesthetics. We investigated the effect of induction and emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia on the NA release from the PH in rats.


Current map-matching algorithms consider more about the common plain road networks. The overpass always be ignored or treated as normal intersection without considering its complex topological structure. In order to fill this gap in map-matching area, the POMM (Precise Overpass Map-matching Model and Algorithm) is proposed in this paper. A novel overpass model is built for the overpasses map-matching algorithm. This model divided the overpass into straight roads and curve ones which consist of a set of directional points. According to the match degree for each straight road or directional point, the optimum road can be selectd from the candidate roads. Finally, the vehicle can be matched to the actual position on the optimum road. Experiment results of Jinan Bayi overpass using the actual GPS data shows that the algorithm has efficiency in accuracy (over 95%) and can precisely find the actual position of the vehicle in the overpass road, especially for the curve roads.


Cultural influences affect all out-of-school provision for the gifted and talented.
Excellence can either come from special provision - or from none at all. In
Scandinavian countries, for example, special provision is not politically acceptable,
yet children's achievements there are often superior to those of the countries
which do have special provision for the gifted. New Zealand and Israeli educational
administrations provide generously. Germany has inspiring competitions. Brazilian
help goes to helping severely deprived gifted children. The huge American Talent
Searches select youngsters, via teacher recommendations and tests, for intensive
summer-schools. There is a major cultural dichotomy between the largely Eastern
perception of 'most children have gifted potential' and the largely Western one of
'few children have gifted potential'. These perceptions make a difference to
children's opportunities and expectations. For example, it may be assumed either
that children's' interests allied with opportunities will enable them to excel, or that
it is necessary to diagnose and treat the recognised gifted separately. Though the
outcomes from the different approaches can be roughly compared in world terms,
e.g. scientific advances, economic success, it is impossible to conduct a controlled
experiment on each type of provision within different cultures. Even with one
country, there are no scientific comparisons between gifted programmes. The most
noticeable trend around the world is to offer voluntary access to very high-level
opportunities, so that no keen youngster is turned away without a chance to try
it. In fact, virtually all world-class high-achievers have selected themselves to
work in the area of their interest. Recognition of cultural attitudes is essential for
any country making special provision for the gifted and talented. The complete
UK government report, on which this paper draws, is provided free on
www.joanfreeman.com


Water contamination by noxious heavy metals due to urbanization is a global environmental problem. Heavy metal ions pollution make the water unsuitable for drinking and are also highly toxic to human beings and eco-system. Remediation of heavy metals is therefore very crucial.

Adsorbents based on biopolymer and eco-friendly polymer composites have been developed and fabricated to remediate and remove heavy metals from the ecosystem.

In recent years, biocomposites have been successful as cost effective adsorbents for the remediation of various contaminants with their eco-friendly nature and sustainability.

This review article gives an overview on the remediation of heavy metals using green biocomposites.


A valence force field has been refined for single‐chain polyglycine II using the known structure and four isotopic derivatives. The calculated frequencies are in good agreement with the observed. The force field is compared with that derived from polyglycine I and for the nylons.


The influence of the water soluble polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on structure formation in the quasiternary system sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/pentanol-xylene/water was checked by means of conductometry, rheology, and micro differential calorimetry. The polymer induces the formation of an isotropic phase channel between the o/w and w/o microemulsion. The transition from the normal as well as from the inverse micellar to the bicontinuous phase range can be detected by conductometry, rheology as well as micro-DSC. As a result of polymer–surfactant interactions, the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant film is changed and a sponge phase is formed. The bicontinuous phase is characterized by a moderate shear viscosity, a Newtonian flow behaviour, and the disappearence of interphasal water in the heating curve of the micro-DSC. When the polymer-modified bicontinuous phase is used as a template phase for the nanoparticle formation, spherical BaSO4 nanoparticles were formed. During the following solvent evaporation process the primarily formed spherical nanoparticles aggregate to nanorods and triangular structures due to the non-restriction of the bicontinuous template phase in longitudinal direction.


Phaneragamic partial root parasite, Striga asiatica is one of the key biotic stress in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) grown in low fertile soils and considered as a major constraint in successful cultivation of kodo millet. In the present study, crop phenology of kodo millet was found adversely affected due to infestation of S. asiatica. Maximum average loss was recorded in grain yield per plant (41.9%) closely followed by plant height (39.6%), panicle weight (38.3%), leaf area index (37.3%), tillers pr plant (36.3%) and panicles per plant (34.3%). whereas minimum loss was noted in 1000 grain weight (10.9%) followed by panicle length (26.0%) and leaves per plant (29.9%). This shows the significance of S. asiatica in kodo millet field. Striga tolerance index (STI) ranging from 0.33 (RPS 687) to 0.74 (RPS 531) was estimated in 10 kodo millet cultivars. Three kodo millet cultivars namely RPS 531, RPS 683 and JK 13 exhibited tolerance index of above 0.70 with relative yield loss of 25.8, 30.1 and 29.3%, respectively along with low relative loss in yield traits and may be considered tolerant to S. asiatica. The results suggest for viable management programme to minimize the losses due to S. asiatica for livelihood of the kodo millet growers.


This roundabout apologia for alternative anthropological employment tackles issues of civil service, contract work, and litigation. It first argues that the dismantling of psychiatric state hospitals in the postwar U.S.--and the subsequent taking shape of a "de facto mental health system"--offer unprecedented opportunities for applying anthropological tradecraft to issues of pressing public concern, especially with respect to persons with severe psychiatric disorders. Five are highlighted: attitudes in action, supported work, recovery, coercion, and social solidarity. Because much of that research can be expected to proceed under contract, it next surveys some distinctive entanglements that arise under the terms and conditions of such work. And because the courts have proven so critical in recent policy changes toward homelessness and mental illness, it examines finally a troubled instance of the anthropologist as expert witness--here, as author of a legal affidavit in an ongoing right-to-shelter lawsuit....


Zirconia is a very important industrial ceramic for structural applications because of its high toughness, which has proven to be superior to other ceramics. In addition, it has applications making use of its high ionic conductivity. The thermodynamically stable, room temperature form of zirconia is baddeleyite. However, this mineral is not used for the great majority of industrial applications of zirconia. The intermediate-temperature phase of zirconia, which has a tetragonal structure, can be stabilized at room temperature by the addition of modest amounts (below ∼8 mol%) of dopants such as Y and Ca. This doped zirconia has mechanical toughness values as high as 17 MPa • m. On the other hand, the high-temperature phase of zirconia, which has a cubic structure, can be stabilized at room temperature by the addition of significant amounts (above ∼8 mol%) of dopants. This form of zirconia has one of the highest ionic conductivity values associated with ceramics, allowing the use of the material in oxygen sensors and solid-oxide fuel cells. Research on this material actively continues and many improvements can be expected in the years to come.


Now a days it is a known fact that the oxidative stress is in the foreground of type-II diabetes mellitus. It is the main cause of macro and microvascular complications in type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress can be served as a good marker of degree of diabetes in addition is HbA1C. Superoxide (O2.- ) is one of the free radical produced during oxidative stress.  Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme which quenches superoxide radicals produced due to oxidative stress. Hence it is very obvious that the estimation of SOD should be very sensitive and specific. To attain this aim we compared three different methods.
Key words: SOD, Diabetes, Oxidative stress, Superoxide Dismutase.


The relations between dignity, freedom and love in Karol Wojtyla's philosophy have a strictly defined order. Dignity is the foundation of freedom in both an axiological and ontological sense. Dignity sets the axiological field for freedom, and also expresses the perfection of human-person existence as a rational and free being. Another relation is that freedom is for love, because thanks to freedom love is possible – and at the same time love protects freedom against willfulness. Finally, love is an affirmation of dignity – because only love can fully respond to the demands made by a person's dignity. Thus, the order of relations can be summarized as follows: starting from dignity, through freedom and love, we return to dignity.


Cameras are common in the public building, and become one of the popular sensors for the indoor tracking. However, a camera will produce much data and consume much energy. Consequently, the cameras, deployed in a large area, would have no overlapping field of views (fovs). This leads to we cannot determine the person's position in unobserved area correctly, due to the person's unpredicted motion change, such as taking turns. Smart phone-based dead reckoning (DR) method is recently observed to be an alternative for filling these cameras' gaps to realize seamless tracking. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to accurately track a person in indoor environment by employing particle filtering, which fuses the absolute position results from cameras and the relative position results from the smart phone-based DR method. Experiment results demonstrate the performance of the proposed joint tracking system. As we expected, the dead reckoning's drawbacks such as accumulative errors and the unavailability of the initial position, are solved by the cameras. As well, the positions' estimations between the cameras are filled with the DR method.


This paper presents a dual-polarized low sidelobe slotted waveguide array antenna manufactured by resin injection molding for a C-band phased array weather radar. A slotted waveguide array has high efficiency and low cross-polarization, but it is generally manufactured by metal machining process, which increases its weight and cost. To solve the problems, the developed antenna is made by manufacturing approach that combines resin injection molding and plating. The vertically-polarized (V-pol.) and horizontally-polarized (H-pol.) antennas are a single-ridged slotted waveguide array and an edge-slotted waveguide array, respectively. In this paper, we focus on the V-pol. antenna, and simulation shows that −32.5 dB sidelobe level is obtained for the array, and the bandwidth with the active reflection coefficient less than −10 dB is 3.6%.


Childhood, overweight and obesity are increasingly significant problems, and ones that are likely to endure and to have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is taken to reverse the trend. A number of factors have been suggested as contributing to the development of childhood obesity. These include genetic factors, decreasing levels of physical activity, increased time spent in sedentary behavior and changes in diet. In addition, lifestyle factors, including family influences, changes in society and media advertising, have been associated with the increasing incidence of obesity and overweight in childhood. To address the problem, health care professionals should incorporate appropriate screening in their child practice. Comprehensive assessment of children who are, or who are at risk of becoming, obese is also necessary


PART I: INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SPACE LAW PART II: THE UNITED NATIONS AND OUTER SPACE PART III: UNITED NATIONS TREATIES ON OUTER SPACE PART IV: OUTER SPACE, ASTRONAUTS AND SPACE OBJECTS PART V: MILITARY USE OF OUTER SPACE PART VI: COMMERCIAL USES OF OUTER SPACE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW


To meet the current development requirements of Internet of Things in intelligent manufacturing field, 5G application technologies of corresponding manufacturing scenarios was studied herein. First ...


Distributed Energy Resources (DER) penetration has a significant impact on the distribution protection system. Current flow during short-circuit and load flow depend on DERs' operating state, generated power, and short-circuits contribution as well as consumer loads. The more DER integration leads to more challenge to maintaining DER, feeder, and substation protections sensitive, selective, with fast response, and optimum reliability. The IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder used and extended by addition of photovoltaic, wind, and energy storage DERs. Consumer loads and DER's generation were extended from static values to typical load and generation profiles, which examined daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns. Protection device settings were calculated selectively in the absence of DERs. Using the method of Protection Security Assessment (PSA), automatically evaluate the correct operation of protection devices in case of different fault scenarios. Three-phase and single-phase metallic faults are applied to validate protection system security. The PSA reassessed DER contribution and influence on protection selectivity. Adaptive rules should fix identified miss-coordinations by modifying protection settings or feeder automation logic. This paper applied adaptive rules to improve protection settings. The PSA method and adaptive rules assumed for implementation in an Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS).


Telecommunications carriers and service providers now play an essential role in facilitating modern surveillance by law enforcement agencies. The police merely select the individuals to be monitored, while the actual surveillance is performed by third parties: often the same email providers, search engines and telephone companies to whom consumers have entrusted their private data. Assisting Big Brother has become a routine part of business.
While communications surveillance is widespread, the official government reports barely scratch the surface. As such, the true scale of law enforcement surveillance has long been shielded from the general public, Congress, and the courts. However, recent disclosures by wireless communications carriers reveal that the companies now receive approximately one and a half million requests from U.S. law enforcement agencies per year.
In addition to forcing companies to disclose the user data they already have, companies are also regularly compelled to modify their products in order to facilitate government surveillance. Some have been required to build surveillance capabilities directly into their products, while others have been forced to repurpose existing features in commercial products for surveillance.
In spite of the government's ability to compel assistance, many companies have a surprising amount of freedom to design privacy enhancing features into their products, including minimal data retention policies and data encryption. Likewise, where the law is vague, companies can adopt strict, pro-privacy legal positions, forcing the government to obtain a warrant and providing users with notice when their data is disclosed to the police.
Although companies are able to build privacy protections into their products and embrace pro-privacy legal theories, few do so, and those that do, rarely discuss it. Significant differences exist regarding the extent to which service providers protect the privacy of their customers, yet there is no real way for consumers to learn these differences and compare providers. The market for privacy, at least with regard to government access, simply does not exist.


The integration of nitride semiconductors on a silicon platform is a very promising field for nanophotonic applications in the UV-blue spectral range. Efficient sources are a main topic that can be achieved by compact microlasers based on GaN/AlN and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQW) grown on a silicon substrate. The epitaxy of these structures is performed by the controlled-growth of an AlN and GaN buffer layers to prevent from dislocations. To obtain versatile and efficient micro-emitters, the technological development of micro-resonator has been improved for nitride MQW micro-disks on silicon. This unique Nitride-on-Silicon platform has been allowed by releasing the micro-disk membrane with selective under-etching of the silicon substrate. For integrated photonics applications, these micro-disks can be electrically powered but also coupled to optical waveguides to a better extract of the emission. We have already shown that we can reach a few thousand for the quality factor of the microdisks with nitride MQW grown by MBE1 but also in nitride-on-silicon photonic crystal cavities2. The laser emission of the microdisks under optical pumping and at room temperature was obtained over a broad spectral range extending from 275 nm to 470 nm1.
Here we investigate the physics of the micro-resonators with InGaN/GaN MQW grown by MOCVD. Photoluminescence (PL) emission is probed under pulsed optical pumping at 266 nm. Laser emission is reached at room temperature at 390 nm. We focus on the gain properties of the InGaN/GaN MQW active layer. We have investigated the temperature dependence of the microlaser threshold vs temperature. We show that the typical T0 for these microlaser is elevated (T0=77K), meaning that the temperature dependence around room temperature is reduced. We also model the spectra to extract the carrier density at threshold. And we will draw up a comparison with InGaN/GaN MQW microlasers grown by MBE.
References: 1M. Mexis et al., Optics Letters, vol. 36 p.2203 (2011), Selles et al., APL 109, 231101 (2016) and Sci. Rep. 6, 21650 (2016), 2F. Tabataba-Vakili et al., APL 2017


According to the application of hexagonal steel pipe strapping in our country, strapping models and the application methods involved have been put up. Models and the application methods discussed here will be helpful to the study of steel pipes strapping machine.


The effect of black cumin seed oil consumption on the platelets and leukocytes number in healthy smokers in rural area Yogyakarta Titiek Hidayati1*, Endang Darmawan2, Indrayanti1, Sunny Sun3 Background: The high number of smokers in rural areas is a public health problem in Indonesia. Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Smoking increases the activity of the hematological system, characterized by an increase in the number of platelets and leukocytes. Platelet and leukocytes are essential cells in thrombus formation and hemostasis. As an immunomodulatory supplement, black cumin seed oil (BCSO) has been used in various studies, affecting the blood cell formation system. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of administration of BCSO preparation for 30 days on platelet and leukocytes. Methods: The 15 patients were placed into two groups in this open-label Randomized Controlled Trial. Group 1 received a placebo (3x1 capsules per day), and group 2 received BCSO (3x1 capsules per day). For 30 days, the intervention was carried out. Blood was obtained for analysis on the 31st day. The average amount of platelets and leukocytes in each group was compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: The test results are said to have no difference in platelets and leukocytes number between groups with 30 days of BCSO consumption, with their respective values being 0.848 in the placebo group and 0.211 in the treatment group. Conclusions: The homeostatic condition of subjects who consumed BCSO 3x2 capsules/day for 30 days remained stable and


Collision cross sections and transport coefficients are calculated for Ar and Ar2 ions, in the ground and metastable states, colliding with gaseous Ar. These basic data are of great interest for a better understanding of physical and chemical properties of the plasma jet using argon as carrier gas. The needed collision cross sections were determined using a close coupling quantum method for the mono-atomic ion colliding with its parent gas. For the diatomic ion, a hybrid approach, mixing classical and quantum dynamics, and an "inverse" method, based on a simplified spherical potential, were used. The ion transport coefficients are calculated from the corresponding collision cross sections by using an optimized Monte Carlo code over a wide range of reduced electric field. Calculated transport coefficients are compared with available experimental data.


Mental health is currently one of the most expensive health care issues. The cost of treating mental illness's effects not only impacts the health care industry as a whole, but also imposes indirect costs on businesses through absenteeism, lower productivity, and reduced earnings. Mental illness, and the effects of mental illness, costs the U.S. economy several billion dollars in losses every year, with predictions suggesting that these costs will only continue to rise in the next two decades. Between 2006 and 2009 alone the costs of mental health care rose from approximately $57 billion to more than $150 billion. These numbers will likely be exacerbated due to the mental health problems that are continuing to rise within the United States as teenagers and adolescents are experiencing mental illness at escalating rates. Despite the rapid growth of mental illness, mental health coverage has not been expanding to meet the increasing demand for treatment. It is estimated that about 28% of the U.S. population has a diagnosable mental illness, even though only 8% actually seek treatment.


The geoduck show‐factor is the probability an individual geoduck is detectable to a diver during a stock assessment survey. This paper presents three methods to estimate geoduck show‐factor from data collected from long term show‐factor plots near Marina Island, British Columbia. Divers surveyed the plots 21 times over a 32‐month period. Two of the methods estimate show‐factors at the time of data collection while the third method treats show‐factor as a function of the time of year. All three methods generate probabilistic results.Each method of show‐factor analysis indicated a strong seasonal effect. Show‐factors were highest from March to June and lowest from October to December. The difference between the high and low show‐factors was at least a factor of two.The three methods generated estimates of show‐factor that are generally lower than the values previously used as part of stock assessment on the coast of British Columbia. As a result, there is the possibility that previous estimates of show‐factor contributed a negative bias to estimates of geoduck abundance.As an ancillary objective, this paper presents a strategy for removing outliers from the long term show‐factor data. Outliers did not change the general trends but did affect the quantitative results.


T. Kochuev, (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) CONSTRUCTIVE PUBLIC ACTIVITY AS A CONDITION FOR THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY The article considers the problem of choosing the development vector for a postSoviet society, the ability of social groups to compromise and its cost, the evolution of consciousness of the elite groups.


The traditional multimedia teaching is often applied in the form of case teaching. As the cases are mostly specific and limited, students cant use software agilely. Through the project teaching method, students will learn in a cooperative way by accomplishing a practical or scientific project. Thus, the method would stimulate students' interest in study, improve the teaching effect, and develop the students' team spirit and innovation ability.


In this short paper we reformulate and extend Sandmo's (3) well known analysis of "capital risk" to include the effects of savings uncertainty on both the savings decision and the labor-leisure decision.


Primary thrombocytopenic purpura associated with redcell sensitization was originally described by Evans et al. (1951). In their group of five patients presenting with primary thrombocytopenic purpura together with evidence of red-cell sensitization, one developed a haemolytic anaemia following splenectomy. 'In the case described below an acute haemolytic anaemia developed after apparent spontaneous recovery from primary thrombocytopenic purpura.


The purpose of this study was to assess the use of 1 kHz tympanometry in young infants. A larger sample will be needed to develop definitive norms and determine the sensitivity and specificity of 1 kHz tympanometry for middle ear pathology in young infants. copyright by Toby Wilson May 15, 2009


In this contribution, multiuser decorrelating based CTF prediction. In [7], the CIR was predicted based on the Minimum frequency-domain channel estimation and long range channel prediction Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimation principles. The most importechniques are proposed for a generalized Multicarrier DS-CDMA (MC tant characteristic of this algorithm is that the sampling rate is typically DS-CDMA) system communicating over a fast fading and frequency. . a selective channel. In the MC DS-CDMA system considered, the channelROOT-MUSIC algotransfer function (CTF) is estimated in the frequency-domain with the aid rithm was invoked for non-dispersive channel envelope prediction. By of pilot symbols by invoking the multiuser decorrelating based channel contrast, the ESPRIT algorithm was employed for the prediction of estimation technique, in order to reduce the effects of both the Multiuser fast-fading wideband channels in [9]. Furthermore, in [I0], r 1 ] both Interference (MUT) and the background noise. Then, Kalman filter as. o sisted long-range channel prediction is carried out with the aid of both the te em ension e-Diand 2-D U ni eSPRIT a s hae current and previous frequency-domain CTFs for the sake of predicting been employed for estimating the CTF. Once the CTF has been dethe future CTFs. Furthermore, a sinc-interpolator is employed for the termined, its future values can be extrapolated in both the time and sake of deriving the frequency-domain CTFs associated with the data frequency domain using the techniques proposed in Chapters 15 and symbols. Our simulation results show that for a reasonable signal-to-noise 16 of [2] ratio (SNR) value the proposed frequency-domain multiuser decorrelating based channel estimator is robust to the effects of both the MUI as well asnvoke the multiuser the noise. decorrelating based channel estimation scheme in the context ofgeneralizedMC DS-CDMA jfr the sake ofestimating thefrequency-domain (FD) CTF while reducing the effects of both the Multiuser Interfrrence


The purpose of the research has been preparation of the univocal methodology of integrated risk man- agement and usage of the system and technological solutions as a manner of quality, environmental and occupational risk optimization. The methodology used for the analysis has included a proposition of system, technological and cost aspects of integrated risk management. Particularly the methodology management should be based on the optimization of the risk and realized as the integrated operational control as well as on the monitoring of integrated system risk. Findings of the research, which have been conducted on the basis of the prepared methodology, are as follows: one of the manners of the integrated risk reduction is application of the univocal method of integrated risk estimation, which should be specific for the organization. Results of the integrated analysis should be a starting point for the minimization of the integrated risk by assuring processes continuity both on organizational and technological level. Practical implication, confirmed in the chosen production organization, can be applied in case of any organization, which wants to manage the integrated risk in the complex meaning of clients' requirements, natural environment protection and safety conditions assurance.


An ego-motion estimation method based on the spatial and Doppler information obtained by an automotive radar is proposed. The estimation of the motion state vector is performed in a density-based framework. Compared to standard vehicle odometry the approach is capable to estimate the full two dimensional motion state with three degrees of freedom. The measurement of a Doppler radar sensor is represented as a mixture of Gaussians. This mixture is matched with the mixture of a previous measurement by applying the appropriate egomotion transformation. The parameters of the transformation are found by the optimization of a suitable join metric. Due to the Doppler information the method is very robust against disturbances by moving objects and clutter. It provides excellent results for highly nonlinear movements. Real world results of the proposed method are presented. The measurements are obtained by a 77GHz radar sensor mounted on a test vehicle. A comparison using a high-precision inertial measurement unit with differential GPS support is made. The results show a high accuracy in velocity and yaw-rate estimation.


Neutral helium multiplets, He i* λ λ 3189 , 3889 , 10830 ?> , are very useful diagnostics for the geometry and physical conditions of the absorbing gas in quasars. So far only a handful of He i* detections have been reported. Using a newly developed method, we detected the He i* λ 3889 ?> absorption line in 101 sources of a well-defined sample of 285 Mg ii broad absorption line (BAL) quasars selected from SDSS DR5. This has increased the number of He i* BAL quasars by more than one order of magnitude. We further detected He i* λ 3189 ?> in 50% (52/101) of the quasars in the sample. The detection fraction of He i* BALs in Mg ii BAL quasars is ∼35% as a whole, and it increases dramatically with increasing spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), from ∼18% at S/N ≤ ?> 10 to ∼93% at S/N ≥ ?> 35. This suggests that He i* BALs could be detected in most Mg ii LoBAL quasars, provided the spectra S/N is high enough. Such a surprisingly high He i* BAL fraction is actually predicted from photoionization calculations based on a simple BAL model. The result indicates that He i* absorption lines can be used to search for BAL quasars at low z, which cannot be identified by ground-based optical spectroscopic surveys with commonly seen UV absorption lines. Using He i* λ3889, we discovered 19 BAL quasars at z < 0.3 ?> from the available SDSS spectral database. The fraction of He i* BAL quasars is similar to that of LoBAL objects.


Objective— We investigated the potential role of ADAMTS-1 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif type I) in atherogenesis. Methods and Results— ADAMTS-1 is expressed at the highest levels in the aorta when compared with other human tissues examined. Immunolocalization studies in human aorta and coronary artery indicate that ADAMTS-1 expression is mainly seen at low levels in the medial layer, but upregulated in the intima when plaque is present. We found that ADAMTS-1 mRNA levels are significantly higher in proliferating/migrating cultured primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) compared with resting/confluent cells. Using the mouse carotid artery flow cessation model, we show that there are differences in vessel remodeling in ADAMTS-1 transgenic/apoE-deficient mice compared with apoE deficiency alone, particularly a significant increase in intimal hyperplasia. We show that ADAMTS-1 can cleave the large versican containing proteoglycan population purified from cultured hu...


Abstract Callus and cell suspension cultures of Citrus japonica Thunb. were established from seedlings. Chitosan was used as an elicitor for improving d-limonene content in cell suspension cultures. The effect of chitosan concentrations on cell growth and d-limonene content was studied. The optimum concentration of chitosan for d-limonene production by C. japonica Thunb. was 200 mg/L which, yielded 42.5 mg/L d-limonene at 12 days. Moreover, at 15 days, α-ter- pineol, a metabolite of d-limonene also reached the maximum content at 29.2 mg/L. At 21 days, both d-limonene and α-terpineol contents were 14.3 and 18.9 mg/L, respectively, which were increased 17 and 15 fold, respectively, higher than individual content without elicitation.


To study the seismic behavior of mixed frame with SRC columns and steel beam, nonlinear finite element method analysis of mixed frame was carried out by OpenSees software. The numerical simulation results of two specimens were in good agreement with the experimental results conducted before. It shows that the numerical simulation technology presented is feasible and can be applied to further research on mechanical behaviors of mixed frame with SRC columns.


A special decision circuit with dual threshold detection and memory has been realised for 10 Gbit/s operation as an integrated circuit using a silicon bipolar technology. The circuit can be used for signal regeneration in conjunction with the method of dispersion supported transmission. >


Ultrasonic velocity (U), viscocity (η) and density (ρ) of L - ascorbic acid, dextrose and sucrose in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride (0.3 m) have been measured at 298.15 K. The derived acoustical parameters namely adiabatic compressibility (β), apparent molal compressibility (ΨK) apparent molal volume (ΨV) limiting apparent molal compressibility (Ψ0K) limiting apparent molal volume (Ψ0V) and their constants (SK, Sv) and viscosity B- coefficient and hydration number (nH) have been computed from the experimental data. The variation of these parameters with respect to the molality of solutes have been explained on the basis of solute-solvent interaction and structure making tendency of the solutes in solvents.


There are many psychological references to professional orientation of pupils. However, mainly studied predictors were the role of school, peers, parents, socio-economics factors, and less the role of personality traits, goals, expectations, personal and social values. In this paper the focus is on personal goals and social values defined as specific objectives that are significant for a faculty choice, and therefore a future profession. We use two lists of goals - 18 personal and 18 social, applied to the sample of 497 high school pupils in fourth grade. The study was conducted in school settings. Preference and level of importance of the objectives of respondents have been expressed on the 5-point scale of Likert type, which allowed the statistical analysis of applied methods. The research results show significant differences in individual preferences of the goals and values, as well as the significantly connection of the goals with expectations to be fulfilled by faculty and future career choice. In addition, it was shown that the higher importance is given to personal than social values, which justified starting assumption of the authors, to examine personal and social values separately, since they were shown to have a different significance for professional orientation of young people.


This article examines the history of Asian migration and exclusion in the Americas by focusing on the intersections of national histories, transnational migration, and the globality of race. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, a transnational conversation about race, migration, and national security circulated throughout North and South America. The subject was the global migration of Asians and the alleged threat they posed. By examining the circularity of Asian migration within the Americas as well as the transnational nature of anti-Asian racism, this article seeks to revise our understandings of transnationalism and contribute to the larger global history of race.


WHO describes the postpartum period as the most critical phase experienced by a mother, but it is the most neglected phase in the life of both mother and baby. Most maternal and newborn deaths occur during this period. A woman who gives birth can leave the hospital as soon as she is medically stable, a few hours after delivery, although a normal birth takes an average of one to two days to be medically  stable, in contrast to a cesarean delivery which takes three or four days to recover. During the postpartum period, many postpartum mothers consume traditional herbs to support the recovery period during postpartum care.
This study is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, the research sample was obtained through purposive sampling technique from a population consisting of postpartum mothers, from the Javanese tribe, who had or were consuming herbal 'kunyit asam' during the puerperium.
Through the results of interviews with two types of participants, after meeting the inclusion criteria, it was found that mothers who had or are currently consuming the traditional herbs of 'asam kunyit' feel the same benefits, the body feels light and fit after giving birth and can also help relieve perineal tears. In line with the results of the Indonesian Basic Health Research in 2013, it is known that 49.0% of housewives use traditional ingredients to maintain their health or fitness (Ministry of Health, 2013). While the results of Indonesian Basic Health Research in 2018 stated that 55.7% of housewives used traditional health services, 48% of mothers used processed herbs and 31.8% used herbs that were prepared by themselves.


Many students assume that the chemistry subject is difficult. We create a Testlet Aassessment Instrument (TAI) as a diagnostic tool that can be used to detect students' level of difficulty in learning chemistry. Hence, this study aims to analyze the computer-assisted TAI to measure students' learning difficulties in the chemical bond subject matter for class X students of the senior high school in Madiun of East Java Indonesia. This study used descriptive-quantitative analysis methods and15 students from 3 different schools as participants. The computer-assisted TAI consists of 10-question stems, that's stem 1 until stem 10. The result showed that for stem 8 only 4% students can answer correctly and thus the stem is considered the most difficult. Scoring of the TAI used graded scoring with 4 categories. The implication for applying the computer-assisted TAI for measuring students' difficulties in chemical bonding subject was discussed.